query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
What differentiates smoking hookah from cigarettes or cigars? | [
"A hookah is a water pipe. Smoke is forced through water, cooling it and to some people, making it less irritating. Many people think it is less harmful than smoking, but there isn't clear research showing that is the case. The [Centers for Disease Control](_URL_0_) has a page on it, but they are clearly trying to ... | [
"1. A cigarette is made of dried and fine tobacco leaves wrapped in thin paper while pipe tobacco is made of coarse tobacco leaves placed in pipes for smoking. 2. A cigarette has two flavors, regular and menthol while pipe tobacco has many flavors, ranging from spicy to fruity to sweet. 3. The flavor and aroma of c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
When is self defense legal in the USA? | [
"You are justified in using force to stop the credible threat of imminent force against your person. For example if you were struck and you needed to fight back to prevent further attack it would be justified. On the other hand if you were just struck once and had no good reason to think the attack would continue, ... | [
"It *is* against the law in most places. By the way, where do you live?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
The moon is bright enough to be seen from 240,000 miles away even in daytime, how could astronauts look directly at it during the lunar space landing? | [
"The moon is just acting as a mirror. It is not producing it's own light. Take a regular mirror. Turn on a bright light. Set up the mirror about ten feet from the light. Now stand about ten feet from the mirror and look at the light in the mirror. Not too bright to look at. Now get right next to the mirror, less th... | [
"Because the moon is continually orbiting the earth. The moon doesn't follow the night when it orbits, so sometimes we can see the moon during the day."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do brand new authors submit their books for publishing? | [
"They start small and work their way up. While it can happen, your first book isn't going to be a grand novel you sent to a big publisher. More likely it is going to be a short story you submit to a regional magazine or anthology. You get a few of those published, you might attract the attention of an agent or a pu... | [
"Because they want to have the best chance of commercial success by making the best game possible."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does city planning work? | [
"Most cities have buildings and streets in place long before traditional city planning is established. Cities will grow organically until they are large enough to require a planning department. Once that department is necessary they will usually designate land for commercial or residential use. Larger cities will h... | [
"It's a big system. It also carries a bit from state to state. Are you interested in the application process? Policy? Logistics?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it that some people eat a lot and exercise little, but don't get fat? | [
"- Differences in metabolic status (genetical/hormonal). - Difference in body size. The more mass, the higher base need for nutrients, particulary muscles. - People don't always know everything about another persons diet and real exercise, so they might overestimate/underestimate themselves compared to others."
] | [
"You lose muscle faster than fat if you don't exercise and you eat too much. This is easy to do. You lose muscle slower than fat if you exercise and eat slightly less than you need. It is hard for most people to motivate themselves to do this."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why different alcoholic drinks have different glasses/shapes | [
"Style, fashion, whatever you want to call it. Because they look good, and some have a distinctive shape that has become associated with a mixed drink. No functional reason, generally. The are some rationales for beer, wine and champagne glasses and cognac snifters. Beer mugs are descendants of beer steins, which... | [
"Could it be the situations you drink particular drinks? Alcohol is alcohol when it comes down to it, regardless of what type of beverage it is consumed in."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about alcohol and behavior:"
} |
Anal orgasms (male and female). Do the genitals need to be stimulated in order to achieve orgasm? | [
"It depends entirely on the person. Orgasms happen in the brain. The genitals are wired to the brain in such a way that stimulation can lead to orgasm but it isnt the only way to trigger it. Some people can even trigger orgasms just by thinking about it."
] | [
"Because men basically need to orgasm to reproduce. Women, on the other hand, do not need to orgasm to get pregnant. The clitoris is there simply for pleasure purposes and needs to have the right amount of stimulation in order for a woman to orgasm. It is not a necessity."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
- Why a flat tax in the United States wouldn't work for the country as a whole to help with the debt? | [
"If you tax everyone equally in terms of percent, it doesn't necessarily mean you tax them equally in terms of the pain and difficulty it causes them. Consider the difference between someone paying 20% of their $10,000 income and someone paying 20% of their $1,000,000 income. For the first person, that could mean t... | [
"It's not the 1% people hate, is the tax system which favors them. Because the wealthiest 1% make money via capital gains their income is taxed at a lower rate than the average middle class American, creating a system where the wealthy retain more of what they make than an average working man or woman. Warren Buffe... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why has every month this year been "the hottest on record"? | [
"It's because of global warming. Temperatures have been going up. And keep in mind that while we've only been keeping records for a few hundred years, the increase is statistically significant. And we have other methods of detecting temperature trends for thousands of years. This increase is unprecedented."
] | [
"It's pretty damn bad. 2014 is well on its way to coming in as the single driest year California has ever recorded."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How does the weatherman/woman know where to look on the chroma key when reporting? | [
"They do look off camera to see the things the viewer is seeing. How awkward/smoothly they can pull it off depends on their expertise and experience. Take a look at [this random example](_URL_0_) from youtube. He spends most of the time looking off to the side as he is gesturing to the map. It doesn't come off as a... | [
"Green screen. The same way meteorologists on the news do it when they're showing you the weather. That is all done live. Streamers use the same approach, having some software that removes the green behind them from the stream before adding their camera feed to the stream."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What are some of the implications of broadband providers being able to sell browsing history now? | [
"If you ever want to run a political campaign in the US you can simply buy the browser history of your voters and know pretty well what they think. Thus you can make better political campaigns targeted at individuals. If you tell a lie in public you will be called out on it, but if you tell a lie directly to a sing... | [
"Compared to Europe, the US has very few choices in the ISP market. Many people are limited to only one or perhaps two broadband internet providers they can 'choose' from (e.g. the local Cable Company and/or local Telephone Company). This has led many ISPs to engage in anti-competitive practices that break the prin... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Are teleporting and time traveling the same? | [
"Teleporting is about changing the where rather than the when, so you would move location from a to b and the time would remain the same. Time travel is about changing the when rather than the where, so you would change time but remain in the same place."
] | [
"Or time travel does exist, and future humans have wiped out all life not necessary to their future existence. Or time travel does exist, and we are actually living backwards, like Merlin from King Arthur. Or time travel does exist, but (as Hawking posits) one can only travel as far back as the invention of the ti... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If it has been common knowledge for years that pipes providing water to Flint, MI need to be replaced, what reason could there be that action hasn't been taken? | [
"Action is being taken, but replacing an entire city's water distribution infrastructure requires a combination of money and time, and there may not be an infinite supply of the first."
] | [
"They have been in a state of drought for years and the city population has not met the restriction goals to ration the water that they do have. As such they have been running out of water faster than they can build facilities to treat waste water or filter salt water. They have a number of plants in production to ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How do animals understand images on screen and reflections? | [
"Some animals can. F.i a common test of the self-perception of an animal is to place a spot on it when it is asleep and place it in front of a mirror. If the animal sees the reflection and tries to remove the spot that means it has self perception and objective thinking and is perfectly aware that the animal in the... | [
"This is not an answer, but maybe a different way to ask the question: A smell is an experience that can be recorded by our brains. No different than the experience of looking at an image, or the sensation of feeling something with your fingers. So maybe a better question is, how do we remember things in general? H... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do smartphones feel the need to reload an entire webpage when you switch between two tabs? | [
"The browser software in the phone only has so much memory available store the page you are on. If the page is too busy, the safest thing to do is toss the local copy and reload it. Phones just don't have the resources of desktop computers."
] | [
"Side question: Why does my computer lie to me and tell me I have full connection yet I can't load any web sites?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
how is it that the super bowl became such a massive TV event with million dollar commercials? | [
"Take the most popular sport in the US. Now make it the championship game, put it on television on a prime day where most people are off work and voila. you have the making of the biggest show of the year"
] | [
"no one mentioned commercial rights. the sport never became popular because corporations dont see it as a viable marketing tool that can eventually increase its popularity and therefore their own popularity. soccer has two 45min halves that cannot be interrupted, meaning you cant fit commercials in a soccer game li... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Sports and Advertising:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Sports and Advertising:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How do chemicals like formalin or formaldehyde preserve organic specimens in jars? | [
"When body parts decompose it is because they’re being broken down by bacteria Formaldehyde and other embalming fluids work by “fixing” the cells such that the bacteria can’t break them down. It does this by reacting to connect the primary amine group in a protein to a nitrogen of another protein or DNA molecule."... | [
"Household bleach is actually a mixture of chemicals, Its main constituent is a solution of ~3-6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), which is mixed with small amounts of sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, and calcium hypochlorite. Sodium hypochlorite is used on a huge scale in agriculture, and industries such as chemic... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does Microsoft give Windows 10 away for free to Windows 7 and Windows 8 users? | [
"It's part of their different monetization strategy. Rather than selling Operating Systems, they now sell software (or more accuratly subscriptions to software). In fact, since the Windows 10 operating system is shared between phones, tablets, holographics ,computers, and even the Xbox, it means Windows get an ext... | [
"Microsoft didn't end support for Windows 7, but for Windows XP. Windows 7 continues to be supported for years from now."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
What exactly goes on in my TV screen when I am regulating brightness, sharpness, contrast etc.? | [
"The terms are actually not what you think they would be: Brightness is the max brightness for white, it affects highlights. Contrast is the min brightness for black, it affects shadows. Sharpness deepens black-ish pixels and brightens white pixels (still dependent on the max/min values) to falsely mimic act... | [
"Some parameters that might be different: * Brightness. A TV that's not bright enough will be difficult to watch in brightly lit environments, like a sunlit room. * Contrast. The difference between the brightest and darkest color the TV can display. Higher contrast means deeper blacks and brighter whites. * Color r... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Communism, Socialism, and why I hear people use "socialist" as an insult | [
"If you hear socialist used as an insult, you're probably in America or reading American media. In a lot of places, it's nothing of the sort. It used to be the form of state that was supposed to lead to pure communism but it's now basically used to imply capitalism with a strong governmental support system for the ... | [
"Fascism is just overly used as an insult by people who have no idea what the fuck they are talking about"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can having bad credit can affect your chances of getting a good paying job? | [
"Bad credit can be very real indication you did not manage your finances and debt well. If i'm hiring someone to manage my company's money, and you can't handle your own finances, why should I trust you to handle mine?"
] | [
"You will be paying off a lot of credit card debt while living in a different country."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do soldiers need to break step on bridges so it doesn't collapse but people in a club can dance to the beat of the music with no such consequence to the building? | [
"Bridges have long spans of not having anything underneath them, so they can be very susceptible to resonance. Buildings are smaller than bridges and the floor is often build right on the ground. That said, nightclub collapses are not unheard of."
] | [
"You don't pass out from locking your knees too long. If your standing for a while like in a military formation, or in my case being in choirs, they say not to lock your knees in case you pass out. That way if you pass out, you drop straight down and don't fall over like a tree, hurting your self more and possibly ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do compression sleeves or shorts help you and your joints? | [
"Imagine taking a bunch of pencils and dropping it on the floor. Now imagine tying a rubber band around the bunch of pencils and drop the bundle. The bundle will fall as a single unit, but the pencils without the rubber band will fall in different directions. There's a chance that while running, jumping, dodging, t... | [
"Actually it is. Lots of serious athletes have substantial wear-and-tear on their bodies. However, modern athletes have the ability to tune their workouts to minimize this, while when it's your job, you don't get to choose which activities to skip."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do humans wear clothes? | [
"Yarr! Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: Why do humans feel the need to wear clothes when the rest of the animal kingdom is naked? ](_URL_6_) 1. [ELI5: Why do we wear clothes? ](_URL_0_) 1. [When, why and how did we start wearing clothes? ](_URL_3_) 1. [ELI5: Why do humans, unlik... | [
"Why do people in Western countries use forks?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Crabs regrow limbs; Why do we eat the whole crab, and not just the limbs? | [
"If you go through all the effort to catch the crabs, simply getting a few legs per crab isn't worth the risk."
] | [
"It's different for different sea creatures. Fish you gutt, for example. A lobster body is often not eaten at all in favor of the tail, claws, legs (if a large one). When you remove the tail you often see some of the guts - some people do enjoy eating the liver, but for the most part the guts/body of the lobster is... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Does everything liquid... | [
"Liquid is just a state of matter; any element can be a liquid given the right conditions (temperature, pressure). Most liquids that are fit for consumption are basically things dissolved in water because water is liquid at standard temperatures and pressures, is abundant, and is a universal solvent."
] | [
"Rave you read from both to confirm that they work?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
The process of a U.K. Citizen emigrating to another country | [
"You go to the country you want to move to and see what requirements they have for you to move there. That could be holding a visa, having a job to go to, a certain amount of savings, or what. E.g. currently, there isn't really much that you'd need to do to move to EU countries. However, moving to Australia involve... | [
"Migrate is general and just suggests moving from one region to another. Emigrate is to move your residence out of your country, and immigrate means to move your residence *into* a new country. So, if I move from Germany to France, I have emigrated from Germany, immigrated to France, and I have migrated from one co... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
The humpty dumpty song never said he was an egg, then what the hell were the kings men trying to put together again? | [
"I can't remember the exact story, but 'Humpty Dumpty' was a cannon which fell from a height and broke. Edit: [A link](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"Oh I thought you were talking about when your missing some one or something a lot, if some one could also explain that, that'd be great."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why there's no supersonic business jet, or even there's no supersonic commercial plane at this moment? Is it very inefficient to fly at supersonic? | [
"I grew up in a country where supersonic military jets would fly overhead on a somewhat regular basis. If you've not experienced a sonic boom, consider yourself lucky. You may be thinking \"How bad can it be?\" - it's as if bomb went off really close. It's loud enough that windows rattle and stuff falls off shelve... | [
"Well, the Concorde was incredibly expensive, and only even existed because of massive government subsidies. It turns out we *can* make an incredibly fast plane, but it's so expensive to design, build and operate that there's just not a market. People just aren't going to pay 10 times the price to turn an eight hou... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do compressed zip/Rar of audio/video files are almost same size as uncompressed files ? | [
"Because most audio and video file formats are already compressed, they can't be compressed any (or very much) more."
] | [
"The editing softwares go frame by frame through the edited video. A 10 minutes video with the framerate of 60 fps has 36000 frames. So basically the software has to compose a **HD** picture, and save the bytes, 36000 times, and at the same time compress them. It also has to save the audio, i don't know too much ab... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why does my butt hole burn after I eat spicy foods? | [
"Spiciness is caused by a chemical called capsaicin. This chemical is not always digested. If not digested, it will burn on the way out for the same reason as it burnt on the way in. I don't know what causes it to not be digested."
] | [
"Do you also cough when eating popsicles and frankfurters/hot dogs? If so, it might be your technique."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
When coffee gets cold in a french press, it still tastes great. When coffee from a coffee machine gets cold, it tastes disgusting. Why is this? | [
"Hey! Former barista checking in. It has to do with the oils. Oils are used to roast the beans. By using a French press you use a brewing method called \"full immersion.\" Drip coffee is well, drip coffee. Coffee from a French Press is noticeably slicker than coffee from drip. These oils contains higher levels of c... | [
"They make a better tasting coffee. For example, for a French press, you can steep it longer or shorter for your desired strength. I use a pour over for my coffee for three reasons. First, as mentioned, it tastes better. Second, it takes up as much space as a coffee mug instead of a countertop appliance. Lastly, fo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How does a DDOS attack work? | [
"Basically imagine 1000 people walking into a store and demanding information from customer service. The guy doing a return won't be able to get through, that's the idea. Except in this case we have computers asking for information from a server."
] | [
"Are you asking how a wheel works ?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do pianists still use physical sheet music and turn their own pages when a digital monitor could free up their hands and simplify the process? | [
"Professional pianists do NOT turn music, they either memorize or the venue provides a page turner. I was a page turner for a music festival"
] | [
"Several reasons. - Rock songs are typically a lot simpler (and shorter) than classical music. That means that for a given amount of practice, they have played the music more. - Rock artists typically move around more than classical musicians, making it more essential that they be able to play without sheet music. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why has Tiger Woods gone down in golfs world ranking so much these past years.What factors have caused this? | [
"The direct answer is pretty simple - he's not winning as much. But there's a number of reasons behind this. For one, talent is not perfectly reliable. It comes and goes as time passes. Tiger isn't golfing as consistently and as effectively as everyone else, due to a combination of age, injuries - he's lost a fair ... | [
"Tiger had his explosion of fame before a long slump, but he's good again now a decade later. If anything I'd say golf is the pro sport people can compete in for the longest time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do they still have family members identify bodies at the morgue? Do they have the option to just do DNA testing? | [
"It is much cheaper to have someone ID a corpse rather than DNA testing and not everyones DNA is on file"
] | [
"Depends. The easiest way would be to find your wallet. They also try and ask people around the scene or wait until a missing persons report is filed. Edit: Oh and fingerprint, dna, and dental records can be used too."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Law enforcement:"
} |
(In the UK) why do we not need a TV license to watch TV shows on iPlayer? | [
"The reason for the exemption for laptops not connected to the mains is because of battery powered portable TVs (Like the Sinclair Microvision, or Sega Game Gear TV tuner). If you had a TV licence at your home it also covered you for battery-powered portable TVs. A laptop counts as a portable TV receiver as long as... | [
"They want you to subscribe to the TV channel, not be able to watch for free online."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why is Subway using antibiotic free meat a bad thing? | [
"It'll hit consumers and farmers in their pockets. Animals raised with antibiotics in their feed grow faster and cost less to manage. That's not to say it shouldn't be done - doing away with it seems to be the correct thing to do, but industries don't like change."
] | [
"Actually it's illegal in the united States to sell chicken that was raised on antibiotics. So when you see chicken that says \"antibiotic free!\" On the packaging, it's just a marketing ploy."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why are dogs no longer found in the wilderness? | [
"There are dogs in the wilderness; they're known as coyotes, dingoes, wolves and foxes. Modern domestic dog breeds are all descendants of these species that have been bred to have certain traits and split off into subspecies."
] | [
"Because they have a better chance of not being eaten by birds, most of which sleep at night."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Can there be competition within a system of socialism? | [
"Socialism leaves plenty of room for competition. Remember that socialism is not the same as communism. I live in a socialist country (Denmark) and we have plenty of competition in the economy working independently of the government, but of course we have regulation and laws to ensure fair competition."
] | [
"That depends, what is your or your cultural definition of the 'purest' form of capitalism? Is it Austrian School Capitalism of free and open markets with complete Laize Faire politics? Is it a State Capitalist system in which free capital markets are controlled by the state? Or is it 14th Century Agrarian Capitali... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why people don't like Yelp. | [
"Yelp has recently become a bit extortionist in regard to which reviews they show. Business that are Yelp-members may have the couple reviews that show by default be very high ones, even if the majority of their reviews are poor. Additionally, companies that choose not to become members will show poor reviews, even... | [
"Because people don't like what they don't understand."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about science:"
} |
Video (link in the text) where the tube from a ballpoint pen was placed on the spout of a lighter and once removed, caused the flame to float mid air | [
"The flame isn't actually floating... What basically happens is that the ink burns in a way that the majority of the hottest part of the flame is outside of the visible light spectrum. However, at the top, where the flame is cooler and there's more stuff burning than the ink the flame becomes a color that's part of... | [
"The heat is mostly transferred to the content of the pot rather than the pot itself. When I was in school my science teacher did an experiment where he wrapped a piece of cloth around a metal rod and put it in flame, the cloth is entirely undamaged. He then took the cloth off and put it in flame, the cloth caught ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
We helped the Jewish people tons after WW2 , even helping with establishing Isreal. Why have we not done more for Poland who lost 6 million people as well? | [
"Mainly because the Soviets took control of Poland and there was very little the US could do without starting another war."
] | [
"It is the same homeland, but if you're wondering why Israel was partitioned for jews, its basically because no one wanted them. As terrible as that is, it's kinda true. Obviously they weren't liked in germany during WWII, but before that they were ALWAYS discriminated against, unlike arabs or caths which were usua... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Apples iTunes user agreement. | [
"You can't use it in the production of nuclear or chemical weapons."
] | [
"> secure digital medium > phone app Pick one"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why can we hear ourselves clearly when yawning? | [
"there's a tiny flap in your inner ear. it needs to be closed for all the vibrations to work properly, but it opens so the pressure inside can match the pressure outside. yawning opens that flap causing your ears to \"pop\", and making it nearly impossible to properly hear until it closes again. you hear yourself ... | [
"We don't actually hate them. Our voice \"Spreads\" to our whole body through our bones. This means that when we talk, part of what we said goes to our ears through the bones and makes us believe that our voice is what we hear when we talk therefore when listening to it through a tape or video we disliked it becaus... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What's the difference between a community college and a university | [
"Community colleges tend to be two-year programs. They usually are required to accept anyone who applies and who has a High School Diploma or GED equivalent. Because anyone can get in, they're academically a little less rigorous than more selective universities. It's not that what *you* are learning will be worse,... | [
"How much demand is there for a poet or painter, compared to a lawyer or doctor?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
when you squish a bug, why does yellowish goo come out instead of organs and red blood? | [
"Some insects don't use the same oxygen transport molecule (hemoglobin) that humans do, instead preferring other molecules that are yellow, green, or blue in color. When you kill them, the blood is greenish. Many species do have red blood though, they're not all the same. Organs are tiny and well secured to the ins... | [
"When you eat something, it goes in your stomach. In your stomach, the acids eat away at the food, but not all of your food. Then it gets thrown into your small intestine, the intestines have little things kinda like an antennae which touch the food and go, \"We got food in here from the stomach, bring the chisels ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are the populations of India and China just so huge? | [
"As far back as we can reasonably record, India and China were massive civilizations containing the bulk of the world's population - they're both excellently suited for large-scale agriculture."
] | [
"Let me rephrase the question then. Why are there no poor countries with a majority of white people? I'm still very curious."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do researchers find "Patient Zero"? | [
"Contact tracing. Ask everybody who is sick who the have been in contact with, where they've eaten, etc. test all those people, and eventually you'll find someone who was first (or you can't go any further). With something like ebola, where the symptoms are relatively clear, it's not difficult to find somebody who ... | [
"Alternative title: \"Explain Like I'm 5 the experience of being 5.\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do raisins taste so much different than grapes? | [
"A lot less water. It's sort of like asking why beef jerky tastes different from regular beef."
] | [
"Well with plums to prunes it’s even weirder!! Grapes dry into raisins. When juiced we say grape juice! No such thing as raisin juice! Plums dry into prunes. However, there is such a thing a prune juice! How does prune JUICE exist if it’s dry plums? How can you juice something that’s been dried??"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What's the point of a $5 minimum balance in savings accounts? | [
"The bank does this to avoid people just leaving their old savings accounts with no balance on them. Maintaining the account takes a tiny bit of work and the bank does not like that people have a lot of unused accounts that they have to keep track of. $5 is a high enough sum that people care about it and take two s... | [
"It might raise some eyebrows but that amount wouldn't trigger any mandatory reporting requirements. Smart move is to actually deposit it in a savings account in the bank, because it's much safer there than under your bed. ...what did you say your address was, again?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Will my solar panel be a backup? | [
"Probably not. Most grid connected solar systems will automatically shut down if the grid power is lost. This is to prevent danger for anyone who might be working on the lines. Off the grid systems are generally tied to banks and banks of batteries."
] | [
"Because people need to know how much energy it produces to make sure it will provide enough (or not too much) for their needs. The size isn't nearly as relevant."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
why is the risk of poisoning higher in chicken than red meat? why can't chicken be cooked at different levels like steak? | [
"It has to do with the bacteria. Beef only has bacteria on its surface which is why you can have a steak [Pittsburg Rare](_URL_0_) if you want too. Chicken and Pork both have bacteria through out the flesh of the animal so you have to fully cook them."
] | [
"The process of industrially grinding meat introduces bacteria, hence the need to cook it. The middle of steak hasn't been exposed to bacteria, so you don't need to cook it. Restaurants that serve burgers medium grind the meat themselves in sanitary conditions, so there is no need to cook it the entire way through.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about nutrition:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about nutrition:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
when people say certain foods "strengthen" the immune system (like garlic?), what does that actually mean? | [
"Mostly old wives tales. Sometimes simply filling deficiencies you have day to day that interfere with your body doing a good job of fighting disease. But the placebo effect is real so keep at it if it helps."
] | [
"Not sure if there is anything more specific to drinks, but I've always been under the impression that when your body craves something it's because it needs it. Thus why pregnant women sometimes have such strange cravings (because their body is experiencing strange nutritional drains and trying to compensate). Your... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Food and Beverage:"
} |
why does sucking the helium out of a balloon make our voice sound cartoonish? | [
"Helium is 6x less dense than air, when helium passes over your vocal chords it causes them to vibrate in such a way where it makes your voice higher. Similarly many people will inhale sulfur hexafluoride which has a density 6x greater than air, this creates the opposite effect!"
] | [
"I'm not a scientist But I think it's because your throat and ears are connected to your sinuses, or are part of them, or something. Point is, they're connected. I'd assume the crackling is just air leaving your ears, like when you're in an airtight room and closing one door makes the other open slightly. Again, ta... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How do people living in poverty afford rent downtown? | [
"Homeless people you mean? If they're not homeless, there are always run down buildings that don't get caught up in downtown gentrification. The high rent downtown scene was not always like that in most big cities, it's only been maybe the past 10-15 years that living \"downtown\" has become desirable to people wit... | [
"They want to attract top talent, especially talented millennials want to live in downtown areas and not have long commutes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
The logistics of Google updating their logo so quickly. | [
"Web pages aren't stored as one big word-document style file. The images are stored separately from the actual web page file. When you put an image in a web page, you're basically just leaving a note telling a web browser where to find the picture you want. Since the images aren't actually built into the web page, ... | [
"They get onto the server hosting the website."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How come people drown in water and yet are usually found dead floating? | [
"The answer is that after death, bacteria do not die, they form gases, often using the dead tissues as a base. Basically, rotting people form gas. That floats us."
] | [
"They do. It is why some people drown in their sleep when drunk and why you should always lay a passed out person on their side."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about Science:"
} |
Why is "she" used as a third person reference in textbooks to replace he/she? | [
"Writing he/she is considered awkward by many authors. So instead, they'll alternate use of he and she between the chapters."
] | [
"That if you refer to them in the third person, you should use \"they/them\" instead of \"he/him\" or \"she/her\". When they put that in their profiles, they are basically asking you to do that. Before you ask, yes, \"they/them\" is a grammatically acceptable use of a third person singular pronoun. However, it is t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What does migraine/epilepsy do? | [
"Migraine headaches and epilepsy are two very different conditions. Migraines are painful conditions where the brain experiences discomfort to the point of pain and possibly disorientation, although you can still partially think and function in most cases. Epilepsy is like a lightning storm in your brain where a ... | [
"There are many types of headaches with a variety of causes including tension headaches, cluster headaches, sinus headaches, and migraines. A lot of headaches are caused by inflammation of nerves, sinuses, or other tissues in the brain and neck. Sore/pulled muscles can cause headaches. Frequent migraines are less u... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do some stores have their merchendise thrown out with strict orders to not let anyone buy any for a cheaper price after. | [
"In some cases it devalues their product. It makes since they can't give it to would be customers or else the customers would just wait till closing and take free food. That said I have no clue why they can't donate to homeless shelters etc."
] | [
"No. The products themselves are usually bottom of the barrel to begin with. But they aren't tamprered with. As for how they sell so cheap, they buy by weight things like factory rejects or merchandize that didn't sell in an allotted time at larger stores. So they get a shite ton of goodies for next to nothing. But... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why do concept cars look really futuristic like something from a Sci-Fi movie, yet the actual road cars they develop into look like normal/standard cars? | [
"It's a different kind of marketing, targeting investors. You want to show off your company as being cutting edge, and cool. You're right that emission standards (etc) get in the way of the final product looking that cool (actual aerodynamics, manufacturing complexities, etc), but if their concept cars weren't as ... | [
"Old designs are not very aerodynamic, as a result will use more fuel than modern design if everything else is equal. > a more vintage style that people would spend crazy amounts on That would probably equate to a luxury car which by default wouldn't be produced in massive quantity. People also wouldn't pay as m... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What's happening when something acidic (i.e. lemon juice) touches an open sore? And why does it hurt so bad? | [
"Our body is more or less a neutral pH, being somewhere between acidic and alkaline. Its not to say our ENTIRE body is neutral as denoted by the term stomach acid. The difference in pH can influence things like transmission of nerve signals. At a lower pH the chemicals that signal pain can flow more easily and free... | [
"They do. The acid in lemon juice and vinegar can trigger the same chemical reactions as sulfuric acid, but they're much weaker and the reactions aren't nearly as intense. Lemon juice can be used to make a battery, can cause mild burns on sensitive parts of your skin, and can even \"cook\" food in ways very similar... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How do babies gain so much weight with so little protein? | [
"People don't need *that* much protein to grow healthy tissue. Babies and children get plenty of protein from regular-ass food (not to be confused with regular ass-food). Breast milk has a lot of protein, as well as fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals, which you also need to make killer gainz bro. You could ... | [
"They can drink water, but they don’t need to as they get enough water from breast milk or formula. Also if you fill their bellies up with water, they run the risk of being too full to drink milk and might not get enough nutrition."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does liquid helium flow against gravity? | [
"Liquid helium does not flow against gravity unless it is cooled to a point where it becomes a \"superfluid\". The point at which it does this is called the \"lambda point\", and is about 2 degrees kelvin- *very* cold. When helium becomes \"superfluid\" it achieves a state of zero viscosity (sort of like supercondu... | [
"Eli5: yes. Gravity has a hold in everything as long as it has mass. Anything with weight is affected by gravity, because weight is a measurement of the gravity needed to hold the object where it is When you see smoke rising, the smoke is less DENSE than air, it rises for the same reasons Ice floats on top of water... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does apple cider vinegar help digestion? | [
"The short answer is \"it doesn't\". Nearly all the claims of apple ciders effects on health are unsubstantiated by rigorous science at best and pure fabrication at worst. You are correct in that a base is required to neutralize an acid. As such, *if* apple cider vinegar has any effect on digestion, it is definitel... | [
"1. It contains an alkalizer that neutralizes excess stomach acid. 2. It also contains aspirin that helps with aches."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does cold air smell different than warm air? | [
"Warm air is more humid, so the moisture soaks into absorbent stuff around you (carpet, upholstery, clothes, etc), which causes different smells to bloom. Now, warm air is also more humid because it can \"hold more stuff\", if that makes any sense--more can be dissolved in it. So in warm weather, scents will be hel... | [
"Gasses dissolve more in colder water than hotter water. Solids on the other hand dissolve more in hot water than cold water."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Chemistry:"
} |
Why do only states that border a large body of cold water tend to vote Democrat? | [
"Generally speaking, outside of the South, which is ultra conservative, the states that have large urban areas tend to be more Democrat. The states near the bodies of water have large urban areas, and therefore will be more democratic because more of its people live in cities. The west is just exceptionally liberal... | [
"It's a push by a republican majority to gain more electoral votes from \"red\" parts of California. Since California as a whole tends to vote democrat"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do people have to push the crosswalk button after they know its already been pushed? | [
"There's no relationship of trust between you and the individual pushing the walk button for the second time so in their mind - you may have done it wrong, and the only way they can verify that the job's been performed properly is to do it on their own."
] | [
"Usually, these machines are in front of a barricade. So, you pull up, press the button, get your ticket and drive through. So, you're thinking... walk up, press the button, get the ticket, the barricade goes up, and no car goes through, because you're already parked, right? Many of these garages have induction loo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are my car key buttons disabled when it's in the ignition | [
"> Why are my car key buttons disabled when it's in the ignition To prevent people from accidentally pressing buttons when turning the key in the ignition. Because the trunk accidentally popping open when you start your car is something that most people would like to not be physically possible."
] | [
"Without the electronics being computer-controlled it becomes difficult to essentially turn off the light with a timer that starts when the car is turned off. It'd be easy to just turn the lights off automatically when the car is off but there's cases where you might want to keep the lights on without the keys in t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
if the moon is pretty much bleached out because of the sun, is it so that on the dark side of the moon it's still had some of the origional color because it gets less sunlight? | [
"The moon gets nearly equal amounts of sunlight on all sides. The \"dark side\" of the moon is not really dark, it's just the side we never see because the moon always faces the Earth in the same direction. The moon is constantly revolving (orbiting) around the Earth while also rotating (spinning on its axis), expo... | [
"There is light pollution, lots of it, it's day time on the moon in those scenes. Just like here on earth the sun over powers the dim distant stars, but of course the sky isn't blue on the moon because there is no sky, just more space. Also the moon is pure white so It can make you snow blind. The astronaut's visor... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Astronomy:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Astronomy:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Stocks that don't pay dividends | [
"There are two types of earnings you can have by holding stocks: capital gains and dividends. Capital gains are when you buy the stock at one price and sometime in the future you sell it for more. Thus, if you sell it for less, you have a capital loss. Dividends are when the company pays part of its earnings out as... | [
"Most all of the big companies do pay dividends. Your piece of paper doesn't actually represent fractional ownership of the company, with voting rights in some of their big decisions. A stock does. And companies like Apple that don't pay dividends are assumed to be doing so to save their money for growth, so they c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why can't big ships just go faster? | [
"It's all about cost. The faster they go the less fuel efficient they are. Container ships use A LOT of fuel. Fuel efficiency is a major concern because of all the costs. The extra time is not as big of a concern as the extra cost."
] | [
"As far as we know right now, there isn't a way for us to get enough fuel to Mars to be able to fly back."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
As a woman, why is it that I can painlessly poop but I cannot have anal sex without crying in pain? | [
"Poop is slippery and malleable. Not so your partner. Lube can help with the slippery part, but the size isn't adjustable."
] | [
"My suggestion would be to ask a doctor, because I cry all the time and never experience physical pain before hand."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why do some peoples beer bellies/belly fat stick out hard like a pregnant belly while others hang down? | [
"Beer bellies which protrude are caused by fat building up around your organs, inside the abdominal wall (behind your abs). That's where the uterus is, too, obviously. Hanging belly fat is sub-cutaneous, meaning just below the skin. Men are more likely than women to have the fat around their organs, and that fat is... | [
"Visceral fat is the fat they accumulates inside your body between your organs. Subcutaneous fat is the fat that's under your skin. As your visceral fat increases, it can start pushing on your vital organs and possibility damage and or impair them. You ever see a guy with scrawny legs and arms, and a big ol' pot be... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
why does antipsychotic medication mess with motor function and cause the body to tense up? | [
"The movement issue is specifically related to Dopamine. In Schizophrenia it is believed that dopamine transmission is over active in the pre-frontal cortex (a 'thinking' bit of the brain). In the basal ganglia (a 'movement' bit of the brain), Dopamine signals trigger start of movement. An ideal anti-psychotic drug... | [
"Probably because in order for them to alleviate the depression, they have to act on the brain. The body doesn't know that the pill is trying to rectify an issue, so it treats the tablets like a neurotoxin - that's why some tablets like Sertraline have seriously bad side-effects for the first few days. It takes you... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Medicine:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Medicine:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do Linux things use .tar.gz so much? | [
"Tar doesn't do any compression at all. It's just a way to put several files into one file. The program was originally written to write files to tape -- tar stands for Tape ARchive. People would then compress them to save space. The most popular compression program on Linux is gzip, so tar.gz is simply a compresse... | [
"A TAR file is a form meant for a Tape ARchive - it just stores the files and directory structure as one file in a standard format, no compression. A ZIP file is a newer format, combining compression and archiving. Most tar files will be served as .tar.gz or tar.bz2, which means they were put into TAR format before... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How has it been decided that the second amendment applies only to guns? | [
"The simple answer is the Court hasn't addressed the issue yet. Incorporation of the Second Amendment is recent (2010!), and a case involving other arms hasn't worked its way up yet. In my view, knives are the most likely arm to be challenged. We know at the time the Second Amendment was drafted that many (maybe m... | [
"Because it's not important in the context you imply. The people couldnt form a well regulated militia without their individual right to keep and bear arms."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does Japan have such a low birth rate compared to the rest of the world? | [
"A lot of reasons, but primarily it's because of their shitty economy and the shitty way japanese companies treat their workers. In Japan, working overtime is not only normal, it's *necessary* because employees are so ridiculously underpaid. To the extent that some employees go to the extreme of camping out overnig... | [
"Because our country is so wealthy even the poor are pretty well off compared to the middle class in most other countries."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do Dead animals stay preserved in alcohol instead of rotting like it would in water? | [
"Rotting doesn't just happen, bacteria and fungi have to breed in the dead tissue and start consuming it. Alcohol kills them all off. If the environment around the body is too cold, too dry, too oxygen poor, or too toxic, the decomposers die too and the body is mummified."
] | [
"Bacteria is what spoils food. Bacteria dies if it gets covered in salt or if food doesn't have any water/enough water in it. Salt directly kills bacteria on contact (by sucking the water out of them), and also draws liquid out of meat, inhibiting bacteria growth in/on the meat. Did the meat taste bad? Yes. Did it ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do some conservatives and neoconservatives see the 17th Amendment (popular election of Senators) as such a crucial failure that needs to be repealed. | [
"Many conservatives are strict constructionists who, in addition to disliking reinterpretations of our charter of government in general, saw the indirect election of senators as being a hedge against \"the tyranny of the majority\" and ensuring that states retained more power."
] | [
"The Constitution can be changed all we want - that's what \"Amendments\" are. All we'd have to do is repeal the 22nd Amendment, which says that no President can serve more than 2 terms, or about 2 and a half if they take over partway through a predecessor's term. Without that amendment, the law is just the same as... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why can't siblings have children together without physical defects? | [
"First generation incestuous children don't typically have defects, even between full siblings. It often takes multiple generations of incest, or just bad luck of the draw, to have children with birth defects. The reason this happens is, in an oversimplified explanation, that you get two copies of genes (one from ... | [
"They are cousins, but because their parents have identical DNA, genetically they might be regarded as siblings, because any variation that one couple can make, could be made by the other couple. But they are legally, and factually cousins. Edit: this only applies for identical twins marrying identical twins offcou... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
The history between the Stormcloaks and Empire in Skyrim. | [
"Until 200 years ago, the empire was ruled (generally well) by the Septim dynasty. That ended when the last of the dynasty died out in the events of Oblivion. The end of the Septims lead to turmoil in the Empire and the high elves' home (the Summerset Isles) and other nearby lands became an independent entity (The ... | [
"It's like when the Jarl of a hold gives you the title of \"Thane\" in Skyrim."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why do Windows drive designations start at C? | [
"A and B used to be used for floppy disks. After they were no longer a thing, C stuck around because people were used to it. A very basic explanation, I'm sure others will correct me and you could also ask Google for much more information."
] | [
"They're not. They're identified as partitions. You can format these partitions with a filesystem which the OS can see. Now, how the OS deals with these filesystems is different from OS to OS. Windows (usually) assigns them drive letters. UNIX-Like operating systems use mountpoints along the root filesystem. MacO... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can I make sure I'm using proper posture when standing or seated? | [
"The only way (i know of) is through your body's innate sense of which body parts are where. Stand with your back against a wall. Place your head, shoulder blades, lower back, and buttocks against the wall. Try to remember how it feels when all your joints are straight like so. Then later when you sit or walk aroun... | [
"Your hands getting cold while performing fine muscle hand activities is a sign of excessive static postures and often tightening of the shoulder and upper arm muscles. This is the ultimately the root cause of carpal tunnel syndrome - your tension in the upper arms and your failure to rotate positions is resulting ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Is personality part of our genetics? For instance, are we chemically designed to "be who we are?" | [
"Nature vs nurture Tendency is part of our genes Ie. having genes of a natural mathematician may increase your \"likelihood\" of being a highly logical person. People can also change in response to the environment(ie experience) So really it is not either this or that, but a dynamic interplay between both aspects"... | [
"Nobody knows. Some people think it's related to biology somehow, some people think it's a function of upbringing or environment (you know, nature versus nurture), and some people think it's far more complex than either of those. We're closer to having a good, solid, scientific answer for why some people like brocc... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Do our bodies naturally toss and turn in our sleep to subconsciously avoid pressure ulcers/sores? | [
"Yes exactly. Our bodies are wired to move on occasion while in sleep in order to avoid pressure building up in the same spots which will lead to ulcers. We learned this in my CNA course"
] | [
"It's the purpose of sleep to have your body and brain stop doing all the active tasks and focus solely on passive tasks such as homeostasis (which can help relieve headaches, digestive distress) and tissue repair (which can help relieve exertion based aches and pains)."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Health and Wellness:"
} |
Why do musicians and authors seem to do their best work when they're younger but their work seems to become "stale" as they get older? | [
"1. You've heard their style before, so it's growing stale to you. 2. They used all of their A material when they were younger and trying to break into the scene. 3. As musicians become more popular, they have to give up creative input to please producers."
] | [
"There are two sides to this. Some people pride themselves on being ahead of the trends, and they can no longer do that if what they like is the current trend. It is basically a form of being pretentious. When some bands go mainstream, they \"sell out\" and get away from their creative roots and start compromising ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why don't we prescribe placebos? | [
"It's grossly unethical to knowingly prescribe and charge money for a product that doesn't actually help. That a certain percentage of people would self report some minor improvement doesn't negate this fact. That's one reason why so many people are angry with, say, homeopaths."
] | [
"You can't cure the sickness, but you can treat the symptoms. That's all these medicines are doing. It provides some relief."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How the universe was created | [
"Are you asking what caused the Big bang? No one knows."
] | [
"What we see is billions of years in the past."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about astronomy:"
} |
How do banks refund fraudulent purchases on your credit card? | [
"To add, in the US, there is a maximum customer liability of $50 dollars for fraudulent purchases. Anything more than that has to be covered by the institution offering the card. Since fraud is often much more than that limit, most companies waive the whole amount as a courtesy, knowing that it buys them gratitude ... | [
"The key difference: With a credit card, the *card issuer* must fight to get *its* money back. With a debit card, *you* must fight to get *your* money back. If you report your card lost or stolen before any fraudulent transactions occur, your liability is zero. Many credit cards promise zero liability for all fraud... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about technology:"
} |
Why do objects that are wet look shiny? | [
"Water fills in all the tiny dents and cracks in a hard, rough surface and creates a smoother, more reflective surface. Both surfaces reflect, but the uneven dry surface just bounces light around randomly instead of creating a clear reflection."
] | [
"It's the light refracting in the atmosphere. Planets don't twinkle because they are much closer."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Do generic drugs (generally) have the same efficacy as brand name drugs? If not, why not? | [
"Same ingredients, same results. Placebo effect might lead you to believe otherwise."
] | [
"The inventor of a drug has exclusive rights to it for 20 years from when the patent is filed. Much of that will be part of the FDA approval process, so effectively they get to sell the drug exclusively for 10-15 years. Only after that do we see generics. By then, the name brand is well known, so doctors and patien... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
When airplanes takeoff, why does the pilot tip the plane right and left? | [
"Runways are pointed in fixed directions, and an airport might only have 2-3 pairs. That gives 4-6 directions where you can take off. Alas, the wind can blow in any direction. Runways are carefully engineered to cover the most popular wind directions, but there are probably more than 6 \"popular\" directions. When ... | [
"Contrary to what Hollywood would show you, planes don't just fall out of the sky when their engines stop working. Instead, they turn into gliders, which can travel for long distances as long as they're okay with slowly descending towards the ground. If the plane was high up in the air, and traveling at cruising sp... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are electrical powerpoints different between countries/continents when their purpose is the same? | [
"_URL_0_ Explains it much better than I could."
] | [
"I guess it's the same problem as with any other kind of standardization: you'd need to get the whole world to agree on something, which is hard. There'd be massive benefits to adopting the metric system everywhere, but that hasn't happened yet either. That said, there may be some benefit to having different plugs ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Electrical plugs and their design:"
} |
Why do women get so mad when you accuse their emotional outbursts on their period? | [
"It invalidates whatever they are upset about. Its dismissive and rude. It also, in my experience, is said mainly by those who have no idea if said woman is menstrual at the time as well."
] | [
"Because you don't have to deal with any of the repercussions that you would talking like that to someone face to face. They can't physically assault you on the internet. Also alot of people use it as an outlet from their daily frustrations and inadequacies."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How do we hear sounds in our dreams? | [
"We aren't physically hearing those things in bed every night. Instead of using the word \"hear\" think \"create.\" Our unconscious mind is just recreating our interpretation of a known outward stimulus that's relevant to the content of the dream. Since we are not physically hearing anything, our brain creates ano... | [
"Your mind! Words you hear are just a series of sound waves, but your mind provides meaning to them. The same thing applies to music."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Science:"
} |
How do domains work, like .com .ru? Why can sites like discord use a custom domain like .gg? | [
".gg isn't a \"custom\" domain. It's a top level domain registered to \"the crown dependency of Guernsey\" (I've never even heard of the place). The little small countries like Guernsey have TLDs allocated to them and then they can either hold on to them or turn around and sell domains registered under their top-le... | [
"Because they want to, basically. An URL is read from right to left, and each word narrows down the area a little more. .com, .uk, .se, .me is countries. Then you have a domain, those are most often one company (even if a company can have multiple domains). This is .facebook. , .google., .youtube., and so on. Some ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What happens to your vocal cords when you lose your voice? | [
"Yo ho ho! Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: How does losing your voice work? ](_URL_9_) 1. [ELI5: What happens when you lose your voice? ](_URL_6_) 1. [ELI5: What happens when you \"lose\" your voice? ](_URL_8_) 1. [ELI5: What happens to our vocal chords when we lose our voice? ... | [
"After sleep, your vocal chords are relaxed. This makes your voice deeper. Think of a guitar, if you loosen the strings the pitch becomes lower. It's kind of the same thing with your vocal chords."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
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