query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why do people think they can tell when someone is looking at them? | [
"You know how when you wash your car, it always rains? Of course it really doesn't, but you are more likely to remember the time when this happen, leaving the impression is occurs more often than it really does. This is known as confirmation bias, and all humans experience it. Similarly, when you look up just when ... | [
"so you can tell when your mom is really mad at you"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do we sometimes experience tremendous mood shifts based upon music? | [
"It's based on you experiences you have had with these genres. For example, I used to listen to the most annoying alarm clock every morning because it was the only thing loud enough to wake me. One day I was walking through a store and heard a sound with the same frequency going over the PA and immediately felt ang... | [
"It may be due to our body's physiological reaction in these instances. So for example, when we are experiencing intense emotion we may experience an increased heart rate and rapid breathing etc. which can make us feel light headed and faint. This sort of thing is commonly experienced in panic attacks."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Biology:"
} |
Why is water so heavy if it's the lightest element mixed with the eighth? | [
"Because it's very dense. And it's not *that* heavy, in the grand scheme of things."
] | [
"Mostly because there are no gases denser than water. The most dense gases are still about a tenth or so as water is at sea level."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why doesn't every car has a turbocharger/supercharger? | [
"You need higher octane (more expensive) fuel to get the full benefit, it adds complexity and cost to the engine, and reliability suffers. As fuel prices rise you'll keep seeing more and more of them because the balance is shifting but there is no free lunch."
] | [
"They both increase horsepower by forcing additional air in to the combustion chamber the difference is a turbocharger is powered by the car's exhaust and a supercharger is driven by the engine belt."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why have the Jews been persecuted by many cultures they have made contact with? | [
"One factor is that jews have accumulated a large number of cultural practices/rules that can make it difficult to assimilate into other cultures."
] | [
"Egypt is one of the oldest civilizations on the planet and we hear a lot about them and their history prior to European colonial era. We also hear a lot about the Caliphate eras of the middle ages and dark ages which controlled much of North and Central Africa, and of Carthage that was in North Africa during the R... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Schrödinger's cat experiment | [
"There is actually a misconception that most people have, and should be cleared up immediately. Schrodinger never actually did the experiment, and it was there to actually point out the silliness of quantum mechanics. So what's up with quantum mechanics is that if you don't actually look at a particle that's doing... | [
"Fermats last theorem, simon singh. Really enjoyed this."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are smells stronger in the heat, rather than the cold? | [
"Your sense of smell works by picking up molecules from the air. Many things emit these molecules regularly. \"Volatility\" is a measure of how frequently something will emit an odor-causing molecule. When temperatures increase the speed of atoms increase, which leads to an increase in volatility. Basically, you s... | [
"Water is a much better conductor of heat than air. As a result you lose body heat much quicker in cold water than in cold air."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How do the ubiquitous 'cardboard' milk cartons not leak the milk everywhere? | [
"They are lined on the inside with plastic. The plastic layer is impermeable to milk and that's why the carton doesn't leak."
] | [
"Why do I feel as though my bottles of water don't do this but instead just freeze normally in the freezer?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What happens to the energy made from revving the engine of a vehicle while in park/neutral, since it's not going to the wheels? | [
"There are a few things all this energy is turned into. 1. Heat. As any engine (internal combustion) it produces huge levels of heat that are disipated via the cooling system 2. Friction. 3. Rotation. While yes your car is in park/neutral you are still turning a mass. Example, in my manual (stick shift) putting the... | [
"The engine of a car is a self sustaining thing. If the engine actually stopped when the car stopped then you would need to turn it on again to start driving (some newer cars actually do this, but that's not important here). So since the engine must be running while the car is at a stop light, it must maintain a sm... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do popcorn bags tell you not to use the popcorn button on the microwave? | [
"Because the popcorn button is evil. Depending on the power of the microwave and the size of the bag, you may end up with unpopped kernels or burnt popcorn. Better to just listen to the bag and wait for the kernels to mostly stop popping to take it out of the microwave. That's the best way to maximize your popcorn ... | [
"Why can't you reheat things in the microwave twice?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
What does the term micro aggression mean, and why would anyone care? | [
"A microaggression is a very small gesture on your part, often unnoticed by you, that conveys a message of your part as \"the oppressor.\" In my opinion, it's one of the more ridiculous aspects of critical race theory. It seems like more of a way to micromanage people based on actions that they aren't even conscio... | [
"People use that phrase to say that the population isn't concerned or upset enough about rape and sexual assault. For example, when people generally nod when someone says \"well she was asking to get touched like that when she was wearing clothes that looked that way\" that might be called an example of \"rape cult... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why are computer generated visuals way more advanced than sounds/voices? | [
"When you know exactly what is going to be said it makes a million times more sense to just have someone read it off the page. Siri and other \"computer voices\" need to make words and sentences out of whatever audio database they have available to adapt to any situation."
] | [
"So a really cool technology called photogrammetry is being used a lot more often these days in media, where high quality pictures, images, and videos are being taken and the images are then converted to code, which shows up as a 3D model rendering. That's not the answer to your question though. Many talented artis... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Animation:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Animation:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is ice made from hot water clear? | [
"Heating causes most of the dissolved gases (potential air bubbles) to come out of the water, so they are not there to cause cloudiness when you then freeze it."
] | [
"If I understand correctly, water, albeit frozen water, is surprisingly common throughout the universe."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are we expected to tip for food, but not any other services? | [
"You *are* expected to tip for other services. This includes hairdressers/barbers, cab drivers, valets, coat-check employees, bartenders, hotel doorman who helps you carry your bags, and a few others."
] | [
"There is no requirement to tip, as long as you do not visit the same restaurant twice."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
how do rockets fly in space? | [
"That don't push against the air. A rocket propelled by throwing mass behind. Actually the air reduces the efficency of the rocket engine. You can find out more about rocket physics here : _URL_0_"
] | [
"I call this an apple what do you call it? This is how I write apple how do you write it. Same idea for grammar"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If Asian cultures stereotypically pronounce the letter L as the letter R, why is Lee such a common last name? | [
"This stereotype comes from the Japanese, where there's no distinction between both sounds. It's similar in Korean, where both are the same letter. Chinese does have an L and a letter which is a bit similar to the English R. They have no rolled R though."
] | [
"They don't. The Japanese language does not have an L sound, and their R sounds very similar to a mix between the two, with a little bit of D thrown in. As a result, it can be very hard for ears that aren't accustomed to this sound to tell that is actually an R and not an L. In words borrowed from other languages t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why are ACL, LCL, and other -CL type injuries so bad and can end careers? | [
"Those major knee ligaments, ACL, LCL, PCL stabilize and keep the knee in place. A minor injury to one, can weaken the knee and cause greater injury. Because of this, serious rehab is involved and it is a lengthy process. By the time to knee is repaired and ready for rehab, the leg usually has lost a lot of muscle.... | [
"When you strain a muscle you are actually stretching it beyond its normal limits. There are different grades of strains. You can pull the muscle and not damage it in some cases and in others the muscle fibers actually tear. A grade 3 sprain is when you pull the muscle so hard that it tears completely and may requi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Do musical artists know which songs will become a "hit" before they release their album? | [
"They don't know for certain. However, they usually have a good idea which songs will sell well as singles/hits based on key parameters. Hits are usually catchy and easy to sing along/dance to. This is why something like Fancy became popular, but if Iggy Azalea had released a ballad, it would have gotten little pla... | [
"Katy Perry does not write most her own songs, if any at all. Instead, about two dozen different songwriters are submitting ideas to her label, who select the ones that they feel are most likely to be a hit. The label then hires a producer (sometimes also the same songwriter) to best make that song sound right for ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
arachnophobia, instinctual or cultural. | [
"Sorry that this doesn't directly answer your question, but I definitely read somewhere once that people are only born with 2 fears, and the rest are learned. The fear of falling, and the fear of loud noises."
] | [
"Adrenaline dump - the old fight or flight syndrome."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Does the current chess setup give the maximum range of movement to the pieces? | [
"No...the initial position in chess is close to the minimum possible legal moves. That is what makes the opening phase of chess interesting, the fact both sides have to compete for development."
] | [
"They dont encode much actually related to chess from what I understand. They code a learning mechanism and have it play games and lose until it learns the best possible outcomes of any pieces positioning on the board."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why do antibiotics lower the effectiveness of birth control? | [
"There are [a couple of antibiotics that do reduce the effectiveness of the contraceptive pill](_URL_0_). The two antibiotics that do so are known as enzyme inducing, meaning they speed up the body's processing of the hormones in the contraceptive pill. However these two antibiotics are not too common. Antibiotics ... | [
"Your teacher is an idiot. Talk to a doctor about the best way to beat a type of cancer. That being said, a diet high in vegetables and low in red meat would lower your chances of getting cancer in the first place."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do we have to "eat" bad stuff to feel indulged by it? If I want chocolate, why can't I just put some in my mouth for the taste and spit it out? There's no other reason than taste to eat it, anyway. | [
"The taste doesn't indulges you sugar and the other nutrients does. Sugar acts like drugs in your brain and make you happy. And it also may develope addiction. You have to consume \"the bad thing\" to be happy not only taste it."
] | [
"First off, there aren't really any foods that are zero calories. We drink things that have zero calories because we like to taste good things but not get fat. As for filling you up, water has zero calories, but after a half gallon, you don't feel like eating, do you?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why are the news that Charlie Sheen is HIV positive THAT important, is there something else that I'm not catching? | [
"He's an attention whore who's antics have resulted in media coverage and ratings, so news covers him to draw ratings from people who are more concern with sh*t like his craziness than actual, important news. You're not missing anything... there are just lots of dumb people out there."
] | [
"Why should you care if I watch you and your SO have sex? Is there something that you think I am planning on doing with that information that you should be worried about?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do they make cars that go above standard highway speed limit if you will theoretically be pulled over? | [
"Because a car that has a top speed of 120 mph will accelerate to 55 mph much faster than one that has a top speed of 60 mph or 80 mph. Further, it's difficult to build an efficient car that will accelerate quickly to highway speeds, without making a car with a very fast top speed, because cars are heavy (so a lot ... | [
"A (standard) car that can drive at 80mph safely is easily going to be able to go 150mph unsafely. So basically, just because a car can go up to 150 mph, doesn't mean it can do so entirely safely. You also have to consider that some people who buy cars that can go above 200 mph are the types who can afford to drive... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do random songs that I haven't heard in years suddenly start playing in my head vividly? | [
"Because your brain didn't want you to forget your keys on the table when you leave that morning."
] | [
"I think it might be different for everyone. At least for me, there are some songs that I instantly love and simply listen the hell out of them, most of the time until it bores me. There are other songs, however, that I'll listen to them the first time and think, meh...and the more I listen to it the more I like i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is low body fat attractive and high body fat unattractive? | [
"People with low body fat and moderate musculature are generally healthier and more physically capable than people with high body fat. Humans (and all animals) will find the fitter mates more desirable."
] | [
"My guess is that attractiveness should correlate with fertility because that would help make the most babies. The traits we perceive as young are similar for other species too. Big eyes. Smoother skin. Good hair. Good health. In a good mood. Attractive dogs really have a lot in common with attractive humans."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Animal behavior:"
} |
How do we receive photos from outer space? | [
"Over radio. And yes, radio waves are a form of light and travel at lightspeed. And the Voyager isn't that far: _URL_1_ For reference, 1 ly = 63241 AU = 9461000000000 km. And besides, the Voyagers are no longer in the picture-making business. Voyager 1 did [a shoot](_URL_0_) while at 40 AU back in 1990. Since then ... | [
"What if you want a printed version of what was said?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
I'm Chinese, can you tell me what value does the right of using guns mean in American culture? | [
"Our constitution, the law of the land, clearly says that the people have the right to keep guns. Different people support it for different reasons, like hunting and self-defense. Some of us, me included, also think we should always have the power to fight back against the government if we ever need to."
] | [
"What do you mean by downfall? This is still a dominant part of current culture."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about History:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about History:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do other countries decide to call countries stuff that is not the name given t them by natives? | [
"Why do Americans still call Native Americans 'Indians'? To me, that's like a triple insult: * They're calling them something they never called themselves. * They're calling them the same thing folks who persecuted and killed them called them. * There are actually people who are called Indians, who live in the coun... | [
"There's a word for Association Football called \"soccer\", why doesn't England use it since they invented the word? Languages change over time and many of those changes are regional. Your country was colonized by the Brits so you speak English the way they taught you, but that doesn't mean it is the only right wa... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How did people get domain names before domain name registries were available? | [
"They didn't. There has always been domain name registration. If you mean the companies like GoDaddy etc, they're just registering you with the actual registrar (Network Solutions) for you, for a fee."
] | [
"It's all managed by a non-profit company called ICANN. Think of ICANN like your contacts list on your phone. You could remember everybodys phone number (IP address) but it's a lot easier to use your contacts (ICANN) and save it under a (domain) name. Companies such as GoDaddy pay ICANN to register these names and ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How plausible(or implausible) is time-travel? | [
"Travelling to the past is completely implausible. Travelling to the future is completely plausible, but completely impractical. It would require you to get into a spaceship and accelerate to close to the speed of light, fly away for many light years, and then fly back. Time dilation would mean that you would have ... | [
"Personally I prefer to think that funny is the unexpected. A joke will have a story that leads up to a punchline, the punchline is usually an unexpected twist on the story. *Laughter* Anti-jokes are funny because you expect a twist but you get a logical conclusion. Therefore, unexpected. *Laughter* Laughter is a p... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Psychology:"
} |
why you can only defrost food once. | [
"I realize your question has been answered, but here is a wiki on \"flash freezing\" which is used by the frozen food industry to freeze food with minimal damage to the cell membranes. [(_URL_0_]"
] | [
"To see if you tried to ditch any evidence of tricking the test. They're supposed to flush it, not you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
- The TI-89 Calculator has been around since 1998, still costs $200, and has yet to have been replaced as the standard... why? | [
"Blame CollegeBoard, the company that administers SAT and AP exams. They only allow certain specified models of Casion, HP, Radio Shack, Sharp, TI, and a few others. They're also very strict about NOT using app-based smartphones as a substitute in their tests. Further, many college math classes require them, and ha... | [
"I believe it can be summed up as such: 1. It presented a graphical user interface (GUI), rather than a command line interface (CLI) like most computers of that vintage. This made the Mac far more appealing to novices and your average layman. 2. It was cheap. (In comparison to other computers of the time. The type ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why is it that a gaming PC runs games better than a gaming laptop with the same specs? | [
"If the specs are the same, the form factor of the computer doesn't play any role. Hence, all other things being the same, a laptop and a desktop have the exact same performance. HOWEVER, in the real world you'd be hard pressed to find a laptop and desktop computer with the exact same specs. As a rule, laptops use ... | [
"It’s not that it’s better, it’s just that if you’re using the PC primarily for gaming, there’s no need for a high-end, expensive CPU, when the money you save could be put towards a more powerful GPU. Now, games are becoming more CPU intensive but if your PC is for gaming then worry about the GPU first. i7’s are go... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why is a shutdown in place and what is the departure of a admin having to do with this? | [
"Read the post on r/outoftheloop for a more comprehensive summary. Basically reddit have let go the admin that handled AMA's. The problem is that they did this without notifying any moderators, thus leaving subreddits like IAmA in a pickle, as they had several AMA's scheduled for today and no way to contact their ... | [
"Would not be surprised if there was no research done on this."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why does our body get hungry a few hours after a 2000+ calorie meal? | [
"Because hunger detectors work on volume rather than energy content. It's less \"you'll die if you don't eat\" and more \"I'm ready for more\" kind of thing (unless you haven't eaten for a while). You could be satiated for few hours if you simply stuffed yourself with popcorn which is relatively low on calories."
] | [
"The idea is that you do end up eating less. Eating smaller meals more frequently keeps you consistently satisfied, so you don't get real hungry and then have a huge 1000 Cal lunch."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do ripe apples fall from the tree, but ripe berries don't fall from the bush? | [
"Both apples and berries have evolved to be eaten by animals who carry them long distances in the digestive system. Berries are mostly eaten by birds who can sit on branches. It is even preferred for them to sit on a branch then on the ground and it is easier to find berries that are still on the plant. Berries als... | [
"Imagine you have a basket, and a tree. You have apples on this tree. You shake the tree, and some apples fall into the basket. A few of them are rotten, bust most are fine. Then you shake the tree and every single apple falls in to the basket. You look at it and there are SO MANY rotten apples that you can't even ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How can cheese age so long and be edible, but then go bad after a little bit in the fridge? | [
"Cheese ages with controlled temperature & humidity. It is often allowed to grow a rind or sealed in wax that keeps bad stuff out. When you cut it into blocks in your fridge, you lose the protective layer & humidity controls, exposing the cheese to microorganisms that want to eat it."
] | [
"because you're going to eat it. Cooked meat can be dangerous if you leave it in the fridge for a few weeks. Just like raw meat. The difference is that if you put raw meat in the freezer, you can save it for a few months. Cooked meat can be left in the fridge for a couple days, but still is subject to rotting. Bein... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Food Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Food Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why is Uber considered illegal in some countries/cities when politicians ,celebrities and the rich in general can have chauffers and private drivers for their service? | [
"As you've indicated, it's different everywhere, but by in large chauffers and private drivers, like taxi drivers, have special commercial drivers licenses that often require special driving tests, insurance, and other regulations. Because Uber markets itself as a \"ride sharing\" service, they're saying they don't... | [
"Different business model. Cabs are regulated by the city. They need to pay licence fees and stuff. When uber is pretty much much more organized rideshare that you might find on craigslst. Its like your friend giving you lift and you pitch in for gas money. Uber can charge less because it doesnt pay licence fees to... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
With just my eyes, why can I look totally left, right, cross-eyed but not apart (left with the left eye, right with the right)? | [
"Our eye's aren't wired that way. We evolved our eyes to give us binocular vision which greatly improves depth perception and is almost always present in predators (of which humans are). Being able to split focus like that isn't all that valuable because our field of view isn't wide enough. There's more value in se... | [
"Notice that the pigeon has its eyes on the side of its head, not two at the front like we do. They are effectively looking out each side, but with one eye. Two eyes are required for depth perception. You, with binocular vision (two eyes at the front), can tell how far away something is because your brain calculate... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are white t-shirts see-through when wet, while other colored shirts generally aren't | [
"White reflects the most light, and when a T-shirt is wet, the threads in the shirt expand and in the case of white shirts, allows light through and therefore sometimes reflecting off of the darker material under (like a dark bra). Other deeper colors absorb light, like black, and the light never gets to the layer ... | [
"Mine is usually grey. Belly button lint is made up of dust, dead skin, shed hair, sebaceous oils, fibers from your clothes, and microorganisms that inhabit your skin. All of those can affect the color of your belly button lint. It could be the color of the shirts or pants you commonly wear. Believe it or not, even... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why can't most household internet speeds be a lot faster? | [
"Easy answer the infrastructure isn't there and not very many companies want to pay the money to put it in place."
] | [
"There are some, but they are not as well funded and don't have the same resources as the large and well known ISP's. You would need some serious overhead to get the resources needed to provide speeds that people would want at a price that is better than what larger companies could provide"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do monkeys and other animals have perfect teeth but often times humans need braces ? | [
"Animals do sometimes have perfect teeth. However, the ones that suffer the most are animals with short faces. What happened is that we evolved larger heads and smaller jaws for our big brains but the number of teeth we have hasn't changed. Essentially our teeth are prone to overcrowding - it's why wisdom teeth com... | [
"Many animals would actually benefit from dental care, though mostly to counteract wear and tear. But the most important reasons it tends to be less critical for animals are - shorter lifespans in which to develop caries - less sugar in the diet, and thus less risk of caries - some animals who experience a lot of w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Dentistry:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Dentistry:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Dentistry:"
} |
-- Why is that every year 2 movies come out around the same time and are almost identical? | [
"I can't guarantee this is correct, but I had it explained to me that it was because the scripts are \"shopped around\" looking for a studio to produce them, and that some studios pay for the script, and another will just alter the script enough to legally steal it and produce it anyway for cheaper money. (and that... | [
"Nightcrawler Ex Machina Inside Out Maybe you're just looking at the most heavily advertised movies. They get made simply because people pay to see them. And a lot of them are pretty awesome, 'reboot and adaptation' aside."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why are there no leopards in Europe? | [
"Both Leopards and Lions lived in Europe during the timeframe of early recorded history. Some lived all the way into the late Roman Era and possibly into the early Middle Ages. They were simply hunted into extinction by humans."
] | [
"There are. Many species of monkey are indigenous to Mexico and Central America. None in the US or Canada, however."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Anakin's Force Ghost | [
"You may not know this, but in the original version of Return of the Jedi, they did in fact show Anakin's force ghost as an old man. They changed it when they cast Hayden Christensen as young Anakin. The original old Anakin force ghost was played by Sebastian Shaw (who played Vader without his mask on.) I always th... | [
"Kaiju Gojira Have you no cinema history? /s"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do text messages (still) not have the ability to be expressed with (at least) bold and italics? (And other text markup/down) | [
"It's actually coming! It's called RCS (Rich Communication Services) and the biggest pusher to make it happen right now is Google. RCS supports proper fancy markup, read receipts, automatically identifying if another user supports RCS (so it can behave like iMessage and automatically use the better messaging system... | [
"Some people use mobile clients that display formatting wrong. So unless the writer knows how it should show it is a bit hard to format properly. Especially subreddit specific things like spoiler tags are often broken. Also special characters like \"`\", \"\\\", \"\\^\", \" > \", \"[\" and \"]\" (all of which are ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is the purity of precious metals measured in karats rather than just using percentage? | [
"Carats were/are a measure of weight, not purity. In olden times they thought carob seeds didn't vary in weight much, so they used them on balance scales as a unit to measure weight. At some point, there was a gold coin (there's debate about which, though most think it was a Roman solidus) that was pure gold and we... | [
"They are two different words that are homonyms. Other examples are rest and wrest, way and weigh, dye and die, knows and nose, etc. A Karat is a measure of purity in increments of 1/24th. Therefore 24 Karat gold is 100% gold, but 10 Karat gold is alloyed with almost 60% of another metal. A Carat is a measure of we... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How did we end up using the English language universally for business, arts, sports, movies , music? | [
"Educated guess that Worldwide colonization by uk caused many parts of the world to speak the language."
] | [
"For the same reason they're socially acceptable in movies, television, advertising, video games and literature - because they sell."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Entertainment:"
} |
Why does Reddit hate nationalism? | [
"It is perfectly OK to love one's country. Lots of people do. This is often called patriotism. However, many people love their country, and then use their love of country to put down every other country in the world. It's a short trip from \"my country is the best in the world\" to \"other countries are worthless\"... | [
"What about the US election do you want explained, specifically?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why things go black when they are burned | [
"Things that go black when burned is mainly due to the high concentration of Carbon in it because Carbon is black."
] | [
"It is not to stop it from drying out. it is to stop it from leaving a mark on things you don't want to write on"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Could a human genetic mutation produce a superhero power? | [
"It depends on what kind of superhero powers you mean. Most of them - super speed, healing factor, near-invulnerability and others - violate the laws of physics and are simply impossible. Others, like echolocation or night vision, are a reality in animals and could possibly also show up in humans to a degree."
] | [
"Because it's not a virus or strain of bacteria. It's a cell mutation."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do landlines call mobile numbers? | [
"To explain how this works we should first address an evident misconception about mobile phones: They do not communicate directly with each other or with satellites. They communicate with cell towers on the ground, typically within about 5 miles. The connection is then transferred to its destination over convention... | [
"Because they can't control who connects to your wireless router."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
difference between 8-bit and 24-bit color | [
"\"Bit\" stands for \"binary digit\". So the difference between 8 and 24 bit is how many digits you have to represent a color. With 8 binary digits you can represent 256 different colors. With 24 bits you can represent 16.7 million different colors. & nbsp; As an example: In the number system you are used to, lets... | [
"Specifically about monitor: Processor sends bit to one of his output ports, and device on other screen interprets them, for example (simplified, doesn't really work that way), for black-and-white screen, processor sends 1111100110011111, and 4x4 display simply shows you white 2x2 square. Manufacturers agreed on sp... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What does IBM do these days? How do they make money? | [
"IBM isn't close to being dead. Their revenue is still in the order of over 100 billion USD. The difference is that they've moved on from consumer goods to goods oriented towards large businesses. It became removed from public knowledge, similar to how few people talk about ARM Holdings (despite the Arm Architectur... | [
"Just because they are profitable doesn't mean every single thing they do generates revenue."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Technology:"
} |
How has Banksy not been unmasked yet ? | [
"Because Banksy is probably more than one person. Probably a team of artists are acting together as a collective and expressing themselves as a single entity."
] | [
"Is it me, or has this never happened to anyone else?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does Facebook find people that I haven't had contact with in years or minimal contact ever and suggest them as friends? | [
"Facebook gives you the option to use your email address book to look for people you know. If someone who has your email used this option, Facebook now knows there used to be a connection between you two. This other person might not have sent you a friend request, but Facebook still knows, so it might suggest this ... | [
"Mainly because they are on Facebook, so a lot more people get to see the content they post. Depending on security settings, chances are you have at least one friend who sees, and potentially likes/shares their post. Because they liked or shared it, everyone on their friends list sees it too, whether they follow th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why does anal sex increase the likelihood of anal cancer? | [
"There is a lot of research that suggests that human papillomavirus (HPV) that can cause genital warts, and cancers. According to the CDC _URL_0_ •Cervical cancer: The most common HPV cancer. Almost all cervical cancer is caused by HPV. •Vulvar cancer: About 69% are linked to HPV. •Vaginal cancer: About 75% are lin... | [
"Being sexually active means you have a vector for various STIs and STDs. Some of these can affect the likelihood of you developing cancer, or can give false positives on some of the tests they may choose to use. Additionally knowing how often you ejaculate can affect the likelihood of you developing some kinds of... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do we say that √9 is 3 when it is actually ±3? | [
"giving one solution that solves the problem, solves the problem. so unless the question is asking for all solutions, giving just one solution is sufficient."
] | [
"The imaginary unit (i) is a number with a value of √-1. Imaginary numbers are just n*i. For example, √4 is 2 and the √-4 is (2*√-1), so 2*i that is equal to 2i"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does salt and ice make it colder, but at the same time when you put salt down on snow, it melts it faster? | [
"Putting salt on ice doesn't make it colder or change the temperature of things at all. It only lowers the temperature required to make water a solid, which is why ice begins to turn back into water (it's not cold enough anymore). If you're wondering why you mix ice and salt when using things like an ice cream ch... | [
"Salt doesn't make water boil faster, it increases the boiling temperature, making it take MORE time to boil. It also does the opposite to ice, decreasing the freezing point, making it colder. Add salt to water to cook food faster, not to get it to a boil faster."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
What is the difference between the XBone's DDR3 and the PS4's GDDR5 memory? | [
"It's the speed / amount it can take at one time. If you were hungry, would you want to eat 3 peanuts, or 5? Games are hungry for data so the faster and more peanuts they can chew at once the better"
] | [
"Because GDDR5 is better suited to graphics cards than being system memory. It's based on DDR3 RAM which you're probably using in your computer right now. Edit: I'll just repeat this, GDDR5 isn't the same thing as DDR5 RAM. DDR4 has only been a thing for the past year ish, so DDR5 is a wee way off. GDDR5 from your ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why "pure communism" was never implemented other than its derivatives and the differences between the derivatives? | [
"If you asked any of those leaders, they would say, \"I am implementing true communism.\" Then their governments fail. And people who support communism respond by saying, \"Communism is still the solution. All the failures don't count, because even though the leaders read Marx, identified as communists, and attempt... | [
"Marxism is an analytic view of history, which is used to predict social movement, and which has been incorporated into an ideology - but which itself is not. According to Marxist thought, human history can be defined as conflict between the classes, moving from one society to the next: feudalism was replaced by ca... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
with the existence of OSHA and uman Resources, what is the point of unions? | [
"Government regulations in the US are very pro business compared to other modern nations, and the purpose of HR is to find and manage people, not to shield them from the company. Unions provide workers a way to balance the scales in an imperfect labor market, and to help create and protect regulations made by gover... | [
"Employees, analysis, electricity, patient backup (other patients waiting...) etc. not so much money as resources."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why is it when we jump we push up with our arms to get more height? | [
"> why does pushing your arms out and downwards increase your jump height? You are only seeing half the motion. It starts when you are at the bottom of the jump and swing your arms upward as you push with your legs. By having them moving at a higher speed upward you are storing momentum in them which is turned into... | [
"It's not about pushing the air with your legs. By swinging your head back and your legs forward (when you're about to start swinging forwards), you're exerting some force on the chain which actually lifts you up a little higher. On the way back, you do the opposite motion (head forward, feet back), which lifts you... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
I understand how median and mean are calculated, but how should I be interpreting them differently to get the most meaning out of them? | [
"Mean is sensitive to small numbers of very large values. Median is not. Consider this example: the mean salary for University of North Carolina graduates in the class of 1984 was somewhere around $750,000. Does that mean they were all rich? No - it's because Michael Jordan was in that graduating class and raked in... | [
"You can associate the individual responses with a score (strongly disagree is a 1 while strongly agree is a 5) or simply code responses as \"positive or negative.\" Once you have a number attached in some way to responses you can then do things like hypothesis testing (\"was group A's answer different, on average,... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about statistics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about statistics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is spin in subatomic particles? | [
"I could try explaining this myself, but I think Stephen Hawking does a great job in *A Brief History of Time*: > One way of thinking of spin is to imagine the particles as little tops spinning about an axis. However, this can be misleading, because quantum mechanics tells us that the particles do not have any wel... | [
"Because in a vacuum a moving object has no resistance acting on it. Clarify the second part of the question please."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Sarte's example of the waiter and how it relates to the notion of 'bad faith'. | [
"I am an individual with choices. Even when an outside party limits my choices, they cannot force me to choose a particular choice out of my remaining choices. When I submit to becoming an object or a stereotype, I am allowing an outside party to make my choices for me. In the waiter's case, he is striving towards... | [
"I suppose there isnt one definition but a literary theory woukd be a way in which yoi can understand/interpret literature. For example you could read a text in a feminist or post colonial way and theyre both literary theories. Or you could theorise on what literature itself is, for example literary theorist Roland... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What when wrong in this ↓ video, that the arms of the girl appear weirdly thin and sometimes seem to disappear completely? | [
"She's not standing in a real room, but in front of a green screen. The software has troubles filtering the rapidly moving arms from the background."
] | [
"Its just annoying to do 5 in a cartoon style without making the hand look odd, typically the hand will look overcrowded, or just plain weird."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is committing suicide against the law? | [
"Because it creates a legal basis for the police to stop you. If it were legal, and your best friend was suicidal, you might call the police, who wouldn't be able to do anything about it. Making it illegal gives them some basis to prevent it, to seek medical treatment or institutionalization against your will, etc"... | [
"There is no such thing as guilt by association in the USA."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Law and Entertainment:"
} |
Why does blue light make it hard to sleep? | [
"It is related to how our bodies determine when it is time to sleep and when it is time to be awake. There is basically no naturally occurring source of blue light aside from the sun. Our bodies adapted to start producing melatonin (a hormone that helps us sleep) only when we do not sense blue light. This is a good... | [
"Melatonin is a hormone that your body makes on its own. When you take some extra, it helps you sleep. If you take too much, you won't be able to sleep."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Health and Wellness:"
} |
why do you get goosebumps when you hear someone sing well? | [
"It's depends on the person, but I recently read a study about people who get intensely pleasurable experiences, like \"chills\", from listening to music. They noted that when this happened, the same parts of the brain are active that 'rewards' itself by releasing dopamine from things such as sex, eating, and even ... | [
"why do we yawn when we read about yawning?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why can't we feel the effects of accelerating and traveling through space? | [
"Humans don't feel velocity - or the rate that we're traveling. Imagine driving in a car in cruise control, you really don't feel anything unless they're starting or stopping. Therefore we only feel acceleration - the change in velocity. Which is where orbit becomes interesting. Since we are moving in a circle, the... | [
"Why would the attraction of a black hole make anything travel faster than light?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:"
} |
, Why can't I just make my own connection to the Internet? | [
"\"The Internet\" is a name for the collections of millions of miles of cables, routers, satellite links, etc. that allow computers around the world to communicate with each other. ISPs own the physical cables (or purchase bulk access from the companies that do), and you have to pay them if you want to access their... | [
"You were not using the same version of the image, apparently."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is the optimum amount of sleep to have and why do we get tired more if we have a lot of sleep? | [
"You're not tired, you're dehydrated. You go for 8 hours without drinking a thing while you're awake and you'll. Be lethargic and sleepy. Make drinking a pint of water the first thing you do when you wake up, you'll feel better in minutes."
] | [
"It has to do with when a dream happens in the sleep cycle as well as how much sleep you get. Also try to stop drinking coffee for a couple days and see if you get better dreams"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Psychology:"
} |
Why do people shrink as they age? | [
"There's also some spinal compression as you age. The discs between your vertebrae compress from gravity over time."
] | [
"There's usually not much you can do to sway their minds. You can lead a horse to water but you can't make it drink."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
why is the Vatican City it's own country? | [
"The Vatican used to be a far more powerful entity, controlling nearly half of what we now call Italy through the [Papal States](_URL_0_). When the modern nation state of Italy was formed the Vatican was stripped of all land. Eventually the Vatican agreed to give up the claim to the Papal States in return for it's ... | [
"To indicate that the country is a Republic. Why is Republic weird but Kingdom or Federation isn't?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How cryptomining isn't just a massively wasteful system that just replaces wasting physical resources with wasting energy and computing power to create currency? | [
"Mining isn't simply a way to hand out currency as a reward for wasting energy. The computing power expended by miners is what makes the blockchain secure, and the currency created in the process is a reward to encourage people to contribute computing power to the system. Mining is \"signing\" each block of transa... | [
"Personally I think that the creator probably chose the 10m block time so Bitcoin can run on more computers and use less bandwidth. This bandwidth is incredibly important as the currency grows, more bandwidth is needed for each update. It would also be a lot easier to mine the Bitcoin, lowering the value as more i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
flat earth myth? Fact or fiction? | [
"It was as obvious that the earth was round back then as it is now. The Greeks had even calculated the circumference (quite accurately in fact) a thousand years earlier. I mean you can literally see that the earth is round with your own eyes. All sailors knew that the first thing you see of an approaching ship is t... | [
"End of the world: No End of civilized society: definitely End of mankind: 50/50 Its all speculation though."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why hasn't there been prosecution for the corruption on Wall Street? | [
"First, because Wall Street has a shitload of money, which buys them political clout. Second, because taxpayers got nearly all of the bailout money back."
] | [
"Have you been paying attention to the news at all this past year? FIFA is astonishingly corrupt."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
if some infinities are larger/smaller than others... Can we use this knowledge for anything in the real world, or is it just conceptual? | [
"This is *highly* important to many areas. The concept of different magnitudes of infinities is used in several core mathematical theorems. The most common example would be in L'Hopital's rule, which basically tells you how to find an answer for infinity divided by infinity and is used in areas ranging from quantum... | [
"Where did you hear that it's been calculated, or has a value? It's a philosophical concept, there isn't really math involved as far as I know. Are you referring to the singularity? I can see how someone could say that the singularity has a value of \"1\" in a weird sense."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Mathematics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Mathematics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
why haven't other creatures developed their own languages? | [
"Well, animals kind of do have languages. Bird calls, mammalian noises, whale songs, etc. They're not complex at all like ours though, and I'm guessing that's what you're really asking. Basically, no other animal has *needed* to develop a language like ours, so they haven't. I'd imagine that our language developed ... | [
"If the earths atmosphere has another's couple hundred metres of breathable air why didn't we evolve to fly? Why didn't we evolve to be able to eat grass? A: millions of factors go into dictating an evolutionary path and I guess drinking salt water wasn't high on our priority list given all the fresh water on earth... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How do tv shows get their viewer ratings from people who just record them and watch them later? | [
"There are many questions asked on how TV ratings work - please use the search function for a more complete answer. Short version: ratings are traditionally generated by a sample, not from the complete population. Nowadays, though, DVRs can *easily* report what you've recorded and if/when you watched anything. No... | [
"Their whole concept is that TV should revolve around your schedule, not the other way around. So they release it all at once so that if you want to binge watch like some people like to do, you can."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
the difference between 8bit and 16bit | [
"A bit is a unit of information expressed as either a 0 or a 1. 8 bits is simply a string of 8 1s or 0s. While 16 bits is a string of 16 1s or 0s. If we have 1 bit of information, we can represent two things: 1 and 0 If we have 2 bits of information, we can represent four things: 00, 01, 10 and 11 If we have n bit... | [
"1024 because binary 1000 if using SI units."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Who profits from "campus custom textbooks" ? | [
"Most likely the school and the professor get a cut from the publisher to make extra money. if you're having a generic physics class with the same lab as the hundreds of other universities/schools, it makes that material produced in mass and easier to copy and download. but if i custom make a lab specific to your s... | [
"They are more about prohibition than anti-drunk driving these days."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can the US go on with so much debt? | [
"The amount isn't relevant. Its the % of debt to GDP that matters. [Sort by public debt as a percentage of GDP](_URL_0_) and the U.S. is doing much better than other developed countries."
] | [
"The United States are *not* the wealthiest or most advanced country on the planet. And what exactly do you mean by anxiety?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do we close our eyes when we sleep? Also, why can't we fall half asleep by closing one eye for extended periods like dolphins do? | [
"A few things: 1. we can sleep with one eye open, technically...just like we can sleep with both open. 2. We don't have the capacity to put a single hemisphere of our brain into \"sleep mode\". This is the wonderful capability of the dolphin and it's not so much their eye (although that part is true) it's their _b... | [
"> Are they able to close off their airways while they eat or do they have a separate process ? They close off their airway while they eat, much like how humans close our airway when we swallow. Get a cup of water, hold your breath, and take a drink while holding your breath. This is something you can do perfectly ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why does unhealthy foods taste better then healthy foods? Shouldn't our body make healthier foods taste better? | [
"Because there has never been a time when we could have as much as we want, until recently. If you ate all the fat and sugar you could get your hands on prior to agriculture and all that, you survived. You had to have an insatiable drive. That gets us in trouble now because we just eat until our stomach hurts inste... | [
"The way these fast food items are created is specific to what humans crave. Certain amount of salt here, certain amount of sugar there and you create a taste that taps into and exploits what humans already naturally crave. For example, the way candy mimics the appeal of fruit and then exploits it. Fruit used to be... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How can the governor of California sign a deal with China? | [
"Because the \"deals\" he signed are meaningless. They're just a much fancier version of calling a press conference and saying \"California and China will work towards reducing emissions!\" The original Paris deal was the same thing: a non-binding gesture of support."
] | [
"How would the president conduct a hostile takeover without the military? Also a takeover of what?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How did Islam become such a seemingly violent religion when the majority of Muslims don't condone violence? | [
"It's really not. It's just you don't hear a news report about every time a Muslim or a primarily Muslim country doesn't do something bad. The amount of terrorists is a drop in the bucket to the amount of Muslims. To the extent that it's \"more likely\" that violent areas have more Islam going on, it's really just ... | [
"Jihad means struggle or battle. Some Muslims take this as a call to self improvement. Some take it as a call to change the world through nonviolent conflict. Some take it to mean changing the world through morally just warfare. Some take it as a call to change the world through any means necessary. Much like Chris... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do octopuses/octopi actually NEED three hearts? | [
"As has been pointed out already, they don't necessarily *need* three hearts. They just evolved with three hearts, and because this didn't make it harder for them to reproduce, they didn't evolve them away again. On a linguistic note, \"octopuses\" is a perfectly acceptable form for the plural, and don't let anyone... | [
"The tail of snakes is after their cloaca which is about 3/4 down their body length. Now why the heck did you think snakes *didn't have tails*? They look like they are all tail!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why did America expand so little after 1492 but so quickly after 1776? | [
"True American colonization began in 1607 with Jamestown being established by the British. Columbus didn't come to \"America\", he landed in the Caribbean which is why we call Native Americans \"Indians\". He was supposed to be sailing around the globe to India so he could find a shorter way to get spices to Europe... | [
"The Russian Empire DID spread over the Bering straight. Vitius Bering was the Russian explorer who gave his name to the straight and the shallow sea to the north of the Aleutian islands. However, the Russian colony in Alaska was so remote, it was quicker to sail from St Petersburg, south to Cape Horn, then north t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
In the movie "Big Short" how do they bet against the government and how can you bet against a loan? | [
"You can bet against anything. Someone just has to write up the right contract for you. You've probably heard of big time performers insuring their voice or their hands or something. You can do this, you just have to find someone willing to make the deal. Betting against a stock is pretty easy to understand. You go... | [
"They made a very risky investment, which they thought they would gain a lot of money from, and instead it lost them a lot of money. The... Senate, I believe? is now working on creating laws that say banks are not allowed to make such risky investments, because that puts the money of their customers in danger."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why is drinking too much Coca Cola/Pepsi linked with hyperactivity in children? And if this is true, how does it actually affect kids? | [
"Other posters are correct -- Sugar has not be linked to hyperactivity, but since you asked about Pepsi and Coke, I feel I have to mention the stimulating affects of Caffine. Pepsi and Coke both contain caffine: 38mg and 34mg respectively. This is not much for an adult who consumes caffine regularly and has no sen... | [
"The idea is that Diet Coke is sweetened with aspartame, artificial chemical, and thus it is unsafe. The reality is, is that plenty of lab studies have been done (including some in which they fed rats positively absurd amounts of aspartame) and no concrete evidence has been found that it is unsafe. At the same time... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How is it possible to label every illegal image in a national database? | [
"100% completion is not feasible, but you can get a lot of them in there."
] | [
"If you're in a free country, you can read nearly every public site in the whole Internet. Including Chinese ones."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do people react to someone else vomiting by vomiting themselves? | [
"My bio teacher in high school explained that it goes back to the days when an entire tribe would hunt and eat the same thing. So if one person vomited, then you would want to vomit too because you ate the same thing. Even though we all eat on our own now, the impulse remains to vomit when you see someone else do i... | [
"Mirror neurons? The same reason happy movies make us happy, and the same reason we are more likely to yawn when we see others yawn, or feel sad when we see others cry. We empathize with the characters in horror movies."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
If our mathematics is base ten why is our time system based on 60 seconds=1 minute? | [
"Because the Babylonians, who invented (our measurement of) time used a base 60 system. This enabled them to do loads of fun things like invent accounting tables (spreadsheets), basic geometry, and what you get in 8th grade algebra. They were awesome."
] | [
"Do you mean units of time? Like seconds? Well, days, years and lunar months are pretty easy to observe. Now, 12 is a great number its better than ten. You can only divide 10 by 10, 5, 2, 1 but you can divide 12 by 12, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1. As multiples of 12, 60 & 24 are also useful numbers. So a day was divided into 24 ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Mathematics:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Mathematics:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
When a stock market crashes and everyone is desperately 'selling', who is actually willing to 'buy'? | [
"The fact that not many people are willing to buy is what *causes* the crash. If as many people were buying as selling, the price would stay about the same. The fact people are desperate to sell means there are more sellers than buyers, so the price drops. The few people who are buying are either ignorant of the cr... | [
"Another investor is buying it. If nobody wants to buy it (perhaps because the company is tanking), then the share prices fall until they're cheap enough that someone's willing to buy."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do deep-sea creatures who live on the ocean floor survive the pressure of the ocean while submarines need airtight seals? | [
"They aren't normal creatures. They live in the pressure, and that pressure is what actually holds them together. It makes learning about them incredibly difficult as pulling from from the ocean floor results in them basically exploding."
] | [
"Nice thing about the vacuum of space: it's never below 0 atmospheres. That makes maintaining the interior of a space-faring craft a lot simpler than a deep-sea faring craft. To resist the enormous pressures underwater, you have to compensate by boosting the atmosphere inside the craft. Now, humans can survive in h... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Science:"
} |
When people "crack" video games for piracy, what have they done and how does it work? | [
"It can be all kinds of things - it really depends on how the software in question validates it's legitimacy. In the most basic terms, the \"crack\" works around that check. Now, there are different ways of doing *that*. You can figure out what it's looking for, and write a program that sticks around and pretends ... | [
"Think of it like you and a friend both have phones but no phone company. You need the phone company to connect to each other. Blizzard is the phone company and they have the technology (the backend server code) to allow people to talk to one another. If somehow the server code was leaked then you could play with o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is tipping so important in America? | [
"It is because the service fee, meaning the wage of the waitress, is not included in the price. If you don't tip, she basically doesn't get paid for serving you. **edit**: This is one of those idiosyncrasies of American culture that every tourist should be informed of when they arrive. A European tourist might thi... | [
"Why does it cost money to get divorced? Because it's worth it!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
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