query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
How is child pornography taken down so efficiently from all over the web while it's so easy to find for instance pirate movies & TV series? | [
"Police actively enforce the Child Pornography issues so its forced to go much much more underground and its generally illegal everywhere. Piracy is a copyright issue. A police officer cant arrest you for just being in possession of a digital copy of a movie. The owner of the copyright has to put a claim against yo... | [
"In the United States, unless that site had child porn on it, it is highly likely you are fine. The authorities don't care about looking at sites selling drugs or prostitution etc, they just care about giving money to the people who produce those things and consuming their services. In the case of CP, looking is co... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
what do the different temperatures on a washing machine do to my clothes? | [
"Hot water generally cleans better but ages the clothes faster. Unless it's stained, I wash cold/cold and hang all my good shirts, shorts, and pants to dry. Warm *should* wash fastest, since it should fill the washer faster. YMMV. If you follow the care labels on your clothing they will last a lot longer than if yo... | [
"It keeps the lawyers off their backs. It doesn't take long for the gooey jelly filling to turn into scalding hot napalm. There is a lot of variance in the cook times for microwaves because of the different power levels. What may take 10 seconds in one could take 45 in another."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What kinds of things do high-priced lawyers do that get better results for their clients than what public defenders are able to do? | [
"When you pay for a high price lawyer, you're paying for skill and time. An expensive lawyer has several paralegals working under him that can spend a lot of time digging through old court cases looking for cases like yours. Once the lawyer has these cases, he can craft an argument based on them stating why you are... | [
"Because a lot of people sustain personal injuries. They all need representation. In addition, it is much easier to get clients that way, because clients are not required to pay anything out of pocket. Most personal injury cases are handled on contingency basis making legal representation affordable even for poore... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What is the margin of error? | [
"in statistics, its very hard to get an exact number. Most of the calculations for certain statistics come with that factor, a margin of error. Its basically the amount of possible variance in the answer. so 20% with a margin of error of 5% means the actual answer could be from 15%-25% but its definitely somewhere ... | [
"Could you explain a bit more about your question?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
how do silencers on guns work? | [
"The bullet is launched out of the gun by an explosion that superheats the air and produces a loud BAM sound. The gas/air that carries that sound wave doesn't have anywhere to go except out with the bullet. A silencer basically extends the barrel and helps that \"explosion air\" diffuse in other directions so that ... | [
"Several uses: 1. They do reduce the sound signature of a gunshot which reduces the risk of hearing damage. Most also change the tone (frequency) of the shot which may further reduce hearing damage. Some models/manufacturers are better at this than others. 2. Less noise pollution from gun ranges to annoy neighbors.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about gun silencing:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about gun silencing:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about gun silencing:"
} |
why aren't all toilets tankless (like the ones in commercial buildings)? | [
"Homes generally do not have access to the high flow water sources required to make one of those toilets work."
] | [
"I'm from the UK and fairly well traveled in the EU 1) In the UK it varies, more modern toilets have two buttons one for a no.1 and one for a no.2, it uses less water, usually called an eco-flush. lol 2) I don't really know about more/less water. 3) I never scrub unless it's my own toilet, 0 fucks given. 4) In the ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do Republicans want to repeal The Affordable Health Care Act so badly? | [
"It's not really a giant health insurance plan, it's a bunch of reforms to the health care system, one of which being an online marketplace where you can buy private health insurance. The main issue that Republicans have is that one of the reforms is that having health insurance is now mandatory, and there will be ... | [
"Bernie wants to: Tie up tax loopholes that favor the rich. Have a universal health care system. Expand the middle class. Make state colleges more affordable."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why are we grossed out by the thought of our family members having sex or masturbating? | [
"For sexually reproducing species, incest is often problematic because closely related family members are likely to share genetic problems with you that are then exacerbated in the children of incestuous couples. For this reason, many species have some sort of control against incest, typically behavioral. In humans... | [
"The idea that masturbation can damage your eyesight is a lie made up by people who think masturbation is wrong. Stop if your dick is sore and don't do it inappropriate places and you'll be fine. Masturbation is normal and healthy as long as you're not doing it constantly. Don't know what's up with your eyes, but i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do sour foods make faces move involuntarily? | [
"Many sour foods are poisonous, we are programmed to reject sour foods with \"disgust\", same as when you see other unhealthy things like feces and Kanye West. There was a good BBC Horizon show on Disgust years back. I found this article. _URL_0_"
] | [
"The muscles that clench up to make your stomach throw up also clenches up in your face which winds up squeezing tears out of your eyes. Also, puking can hurt like fuck which will make you cry regardless."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are dreams so much more vivid if you wake up during them? | [
"Your brain actually tries to forget dreams. Most people have more than three per night, and forget most of them. If you wake up during a dream, your brain hasn't had time to try to forget it. Partially forgotten dreams, either by waking up before the memory has faded or by the mind failing to completely forget it,... | [
"I have a sense of the passage of time asleep. But maybe a more accurate answer is because your brain is not entering what you experience into short-term memory, so you experienced things, you just don't remember experiencing anything. If you leave a note next to your bed telling you to try and remember what you dr... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Psychology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Psychology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Sleep and its effects on the body:"
} |
Why don't people get drunk on rubbing alcohol? | [
"Ethyl alcohol sold as rubbing alcohol is denatured. Meaning it's mixed with poisonous and disgusting tasting substances to make it undrinkable. The additives are also selected to ensure that it's difficult to purify the alcohol with distillation."
] | [
"People often do. The native americans here in Canada have a habit of buying and drinking mouthwash to get wasted. it isn't safe though since they added a lot of chemicals in the ethanol."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
What motivates people to write thousands/millions of lines of code for open source software for free? | [
"I like to think of OSS developers as in two categories 1 - People actually EMPLOYED to do work, and are legally obligated to submit their work back into the OSS source tree for whatever reason 2 - Weekend Warriors, College Kids or Bored Teenagers with nothing to do and kind of \"get off\" on seeing people use thei... | [
"Open source software is just software whose source code is freely available. This is often falsely equated with the concept of \"free\" software, software which you can use without paying. Open source is a big deal because it allows the user to examine exactly how the program works. Programmer's love to peak into ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why Bing is so poor compared to Google search engine and showing no sign of catching up or improving | [
"Bing is actually excellent at certain things. But my interest in it is usually short-lived."
] | [
"When Google started, most people assumed they would fail because Altavista and Yahoo were so entrenched in the market. People look for alternatives to Google for a host of reasons: privacy; performance; aesthetic preference; brand (dis-)loyalty; etc. There's still a lot of scope for innovation in search. Have MS g... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Can I build the internet from scratch? | [
"Connect two computers with a network cable. Bam! Your very own personal Internet!"
] | [
"They get onto the server hosting the website."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why does only your own saliva take out your own blood in fabric (like a tshirt)? | [
"Not true at all. Even if saliva can remove blood (it can, but so can water), whether or not it comes from the same source as the blood makes absolutely no difference."
] | [
"They shouldn't That means that they probably have aflatoxin which means that there is a bit of fungal contamination. Can I propose an experiment? Rub the shell and check if your fingers also start glowing, or, rub a non glowy she'll on a glowy one to see if there is transfer. Edit: remembered something else, it ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Exactly how is smoking weed different from eating edibles. Not in your mind but chemically. | [
"When you eat it it gets processed by your liver into 11-hydroxy-THC. Which is said to be 5 times more psychoactive than when you smoke or vaporize cannabis."
] | [
"There is no tobacco in them and thereby none of the toxic chemicals that will ruin your lungs. The nicotine (the addicting part) is still in the e-cigarettes so the stimuli of smoking remains. I'm pretty sure this is how it works, feel free to correct me if I'm wrong."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is Bill Cosby not in prison yet? | [
"Because 1. The statute of limitations for the crimes Cosby is accused of has passed. 2. Because given the length of time between the acts and now, there is little chance of there being enough evidence to prove his guilt \"beyond a reasonable doubt.\""
] | [
"Is it me, or has this never happened to anyone else?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Is Irish a race or a nationality? | [
"That's ridiculous. Irish is a nationality. They might say those kids aren't Irish because they don't have the right accent it don't follow the traditions, it happens in all closed communities, but they are as Irish as the taoiseach (current or past). It has nothing to do with race."
] | [
"Because there are white Hispanics, black Hispanics, mestizo Hispanics, indigenous Hispanics, and even Asian Hispanics. The life experience and reality of a black Hispanic is likely dramatically different from that of a white Hispanic. Calling Hispanic a race or ethnicity is as accurate as calling American a race o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why aren't Chinese people typically fat? We eat so much rice on a near daily basis. | [
"The answer is extremely simple: a modest number of total calories per day. (Often combined with a decent amount of exercise through work, walking, and/or cycling.) No matter what *kind* of food you eat, if the *total calories consumed* don't exceed the number you burn, you cannot get fat."
] | [
"Because they don't eat that much. Yes, bread and fatty foods are a major part of their diet, but French portion sizes are laughably small compared to what Americans eat."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Where do the newborn babies in television come from? | [
"Most babies you see on TV are actually a lot older than you think. Most are at least a few months old."
] | [
"Nobody talks about the ones that become janitors."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
if cameras take square photos, why are the apertures round? | [
"You've sort of got it the wrong way round. The camera LENSES are round, because round lenses bend light much better. But the film the image is captured on is rectangular, for the same reason that all pictures are usually rectangles, easier to frame and they are easier to put onto walls. Modern camera sensors have ... | [
"Because the camera sensor is rectangular. You could have such a setting, but you'd have to lower the resolution of the final image. Using this as an illustration: _URL_0_ Black outline is the phone, blue outline is the sensor (though it's far smaller in real life). The red outline is what would need to be used if ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What has caused Brazil to become as major of a country as it is? | [
"They have a large area, large exploitable population, lots of natural resources, and are politically stable."
] | [
"Because it represents instability, and in a region that's particularly important to the world economy."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do they say to "breathe in through your nose and out through your mouth" when exercising? | [
"When you breathe in through your nose you're filtering the air before it goes into your lungs, and pulling it through a smaller opening, forcing you to inhale slower taking deeper breaths. You exhale through your mouth because it's a bigger opening and you want to get the 'bad air' out as fast as you can. Your no... | [
"Breath. Breathe in through your nose and out through your mouth and the pain will go away. It's all in the breath."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
The naming conventions of sea vessels, HMS, SS, RMS etc. | [
"HMS - His/Her majesty's ship - British Royal Navy USS - United states Ship - US Navy SS - Steam Ship - not necessarily powered by steam, designation for Us merchant ships Each country has their own traditional ship designations. NATO also has designations for Navy ships from all nations"
] | [
"Because all caps indicate acronyms and initialisms, for example, the USA, CIA, MIB, NFL, MLB, USPS, etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
If Republicans are such terrible leaders (responsible for govt shutdown, etc) why are they still elected? | [
"In the US, people tend to think everyone in congress is a bunch of idiots...except their guy. The guy they voted for is the one voice of reason trying to find common sense solutions and everyone else is out for themselves."
] | [
"Psychological disconnect. Our election system favors two opposing parties working at cross purposes, because apparently we run our politics like we run our football games. These two opposing parties then reflexively blame each other for everything. Which is how you get a republican congress blocking bills while re... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why hasn't there been a viable 3rd Party in American politics to date? | [
"It's because of the \"first past the post\" method of determining the winner. Whoever gets the most votes wins, rather than the candidate having to secure a simple majority of 50% plus one. Third parties end up skewing the results and acting as \"spoilers\". There have been successful third parties — the Republica... | [
"How would you define \"winning\" a presidential debate?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is blood type? Why is our blood different? | [
"Not quite 5, but I'll give it a shot. Blood type refers to the type of cell marker that exists on the outside of your red blood cells. There are 3 types- A, B, and O. If you have A, B is considered foreign so you will have anti-B antibodies. The same can be said for A if you have B type blood. If you have O, it i... | [
"No, blood can be used from anyone as long as it's the same type. The extra chromosome has no affect on that :)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why is my graphics card so big compared to my CPU? | [
"Your graphics card has it's own RAM. Your CPU's RAM is on the motherboard. Technically you're counting the GPU, it's board, and RAM, and cooling stuff as one thing. So if you do that with the CPU too, the CPU is much bigger since its board is the motherboard."
] | [
"It probably has to do with the fact that laptops dont have a graphics card as big and as powerful as a normal gaming desktop would. Try playing a FPS on your pc without a graphics card... It runs like shit"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why are terraced houses in New York and possibly other places elevated? | [
"They have lower levels (originally servants quarters) besides the main entrance, they usually go below street level. Every place is different, but I would assume that the underground pipping as well as water level do not allow for basements of considerable depth, which is why he main level is above street level. T... | [
"There's quite a few reasons. * Higher buildings mean a denser downtown core, causing greater traffic and possibly pollution issues as people come to work from bedroom communities and search for a place to park. So unless you have good public transport (which can be quite expensive to build if not in place already)... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why does daycare cost so much when the teachers are paid so poorly? | [
"It's for much the same reason that private schools are very expensive: teachers' salaries are only a small portion of the costs of operating the business. Add to this these costs: * Supplies * Rent for the facilities * Administrative costs (licensed daycares have to cope with mountains of paperwork to comply with... | [
"There are many explanations, 1) Profit: companies make less money if they pay their employees more (and pay them higher benefits). 2) Consumers: If I could buy Frosted Flakes at Wal-Mart for $4 or buy it at Walgreens for $5, I'd shop at Wal-Mart... so for Wal-Mart to sell Frosted Flakes at $4 instead of $5, they h... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is the controversy of CrossFit exercise programs? | [
"It's olympic lifts (good) but focused on speed and reps at the expense of form and safety (bad)."
] | [
"Welcome to the one of the strongest arguments against the prohibition of firearms."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is the weight of gravity in pounds and how to find it? | [
"Gravity is a force, while weight is the effect of gravity on a given mass. You cannot convert gravity in to weight. It's like asking me to tell you the speed of your car using only the measurement of how much gas you have in the tank."
] | [
"Mass is how much matter is in an object. Volume is how much space that object takes up. Density is a function of the two. High mass + low volume = high density. Also, don't confuse mass with weight. One gram of mass weighs one gram on earth, but that's because we take earth's gravity as \"standard\". Mass never ch... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why can't "We the People" petition to have the NSA shut down (and it actually work..)? | [
"That would be a [direct democracy](_URL_0_). The United States of America is a representative democracy, the people's voice is heard by proxy of their representative."
] | [
"USA FREEDOM Act actually legitimizes the warrantless data collection that is done by the NSA. There is a clause in it that allows the data collection after review by a secret government court. Guess how many times that court will disallow the data collection. But now there's no suing the government over it because... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why don't we sue politicians for broken election promises as breach of verbal contract? | [
"There is a saying that a verbal contract isn't worth the paper its printed on. But beyond that humorous quote, there is a better reason. An elected official can simply say that the situation or information changed in the time between the campaign and the vote, which is a great defense, because that's how we want ... | [
"Giving legal advice without a license is a crime, and paying people to speak for you without disclosing it is a violation of legal ethics."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
EL 5, How is it that "polar bear" clubs can go swimming in January and not die of hypothermia? | [
"They basically just go in and out of the water, and they're prepared with towels and warm clothes as soon as they're done. Even in near-freezing water, it takes at least 10-15 minutes for hypothermia to happen. Also, at least in the bigger polar bear clubs, there's medical staff around in case of emergencies."
] | [
"Why do I feel as though my bottles of water don't do this but instead just freeze normally in the freezer?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Til Death do us Part. Do religious people believe they are all single in Heaven? | [
"This is coming from a Christian perspective, but marriage is seen as an earthly example of our relationship with Christ, we find fulfillment in caring and loving on our spouse and we get the benefit of them doing the same for us. Now once we get to heaven we are completely and entirely fulfilled by God for He is o... | [
"Why do we make religious people believe in God???? It's a way of influencing behaviour. Santa: If you are naughty, Santa won't bring presents. Religion: if you are bad, you won't get into heaven."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Vulgar Latin and it's difference between Classical Latin | [
"Vulgar Latin uses more vocabulary that made it into modern Romance languages, and the sentence structure is often more like the modern Romance languages too. So stuff like: occasionally, you'll see the relative pronoun (qui quae quod) used to mark indirect discourse instead of accusative + infinitive constructions... | [
"They aren't considered to be the same language, that is why it is called Old English. The same with German, Old German, or to be exact the version spoken by the Angles, is the origins of Old English."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
I've never seen a fat bird. Is that because flying is vital for them to survive so natural selection kills them or because birds simply don't get fat? | [
"People commenting here don't know what they're talking about. Birds do get fat the closer you get to the cold extremes (arctic, mountain peaks). You've never seen one because, I assume, you haven't been to these types of places. Furthermore, you wouldn't know how fat the bird is until you kill and butcher it, but ... | [
"They don't become obese due to limited food resources. Even if they could eat all they wanted, being fat would slow them down and increase their chance of becoming prey to something bigger and faster. Bears are the only thing I can quickly think of the eat to excess, but that is because they are storing energy for... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How does paracetomol work? | [
"The mechanism of action for Paracetamol/acetomenophen is not entirely understood. It *probably* inhibits COX, which is an enzyme that is part of the chemical pathway for chemical pain signals in the body. Inhibit the enzyme, the body makes less pain-signalling chemicals."
] | [
"For those who are not in the US. Acetaminophen = Paracetamol"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is "I don't like sand" line from Attack of the Clones considered so bad? | [
"It's supposed to be Anakin's smooth line to use on Padme and it's just so derpy and cringeworthy. Lucas has such a tin ear for dialogue that Harrison Ford said to him, \"You can type this shit, George, but you can't say it.\""
] | [
"If you pick a phrase that's pretty phonetically similar to the original one, it's going to match pretty closely with how the actor's lips move. For someone who hasn't seen the original, the change will be less noticeable. As for phrases that don't make sense, I remember watching Snakes on a Plane, and the iconic l... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Do you need a computer to create a computer? | [
"Assuming that all humans alive today survived, there's a tremendous amount of knowledge and experience that could be used to quickly bypass lots of steps along the way. As an example of this, check out [the best Commodore 64 games](_URL_0_) from the mid 1980's, and compare that to the winners of the [2010's Commod... | [
"You aren't going to be able to do this with just one book."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Education:"
} |
What is more environmentally friendly forced air hand dryers or paper towel? | [
"New air dryers (like the dyson air blade) are more environmentally friendly than paper towels. Older dryers might not be, because they use more power."
] | [
"It works like a normal air conditioner, the only difference is the engine used to circulate the coolant burns natural gas instead of electricity, usually more practical for large commercial spaces."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do some downloads not show file size and / or ETAs? | [
"When you make an HTTP connection, there are a bunch of pieces of metadata that are sent before the data. One of those is Content-Length, which tells your client how long the data portion is going to be. If you don't see a file size in a download, it means the server didn't send a Content-Length header, so your cli... | [
"Folder > properties. Can't remember tab name but last one > view folder files as \"general\" not video/photo etc. This will stop windows requesting a fuck ton of info on each file."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do coffee machines (like a Keurig) super heat water in 10 seconds? | [
"a thin layer of water heats up very quickly. Take a wet sponge, put it in the microwave for 10 seconds, it will be extremely hot. A cup of water wouldn't be warm in 10 seconds."
] | [
"They make a better tasting coffee. For example, for a French press, you can steep it longer or shorter for your desired strength. I use a pour over for my coffee for three reasons. First, as mentioned, it tastes better. Second, it takes up as much space as a coffee mug instead of a countertop appliance. Lastly, fo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
When you boil water, where does the air that fills the bubbles come from? | [
"\"Boiling\" is the process of water becoming steam. The \"air\" in those bubbles is water turning into its gaseous form from its liquid form."
] | [
"Gasses are more soluble in a liquid like water when it is really cold, and its solubility goes down as temperature increases. In hot water, a lot of those dissolved gas bubbles have left the water, whereas in cold water, the gas bubbles stay dissolved in the water easily. Thats why you see more bubbles in cold wat... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
... If yogurt is made with a starter of a small bit of yogurt, how was the first yogurt ever created? | [
"They were not created, they were captured and bred from wild strains of bacteria. You could start the same sort of thing today, but your quality would be hit or miss (and the misses would be nasty)."
] | [
"To make yogurt, milk has to be inoculated with bacteria. Typically Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus casei. With out those bacteria, the milk would never be converted into yogurt. Active cultures mean that the factory did not kill the bacteria in th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What causes something to have a smell? | [
"Molecules from it break off and float around in the air. Your nose picks them up, and your olfactory center \"reads\" them. Yes this means exactly what you think it means, when you smell poo."
] | [
"It just masks the smell with something even stronger."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
I'm British. How could Greece defaulting on its loan repayment and leaving the eurozone affect me, the rest of the EU and the global economy? | [
"For one thing, some of that debt is owed to UK banks and institutions. They will have to take a loss, which could mean everything to high interest rates to outright bank failures. It will heard the economies of the EU in general, and those are some of the UK biggest trading partners. One the other hand, the weaken... | [
"> It seems like it would be much more efficient. It would actually cause serious harm to the economy. Different regions of the world have different economic circumstances, and having a single world currency would tie all of those economies together tightly, so a bad economy in some other part of the world would ca... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
S.A.D (Seasonal Affective Disorder) | [
"Basically, not getting enough sun makes you depressed. That's why one of the ways to alleviate it is to use a light box."
] | [
"Do you have Diabetes? There is also something called Maple Syrup urine disease."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
The difference between deductive and inductive reasoning. | [
"> all cars are red. \"Hey I bought a car, Jack!\" \"Oh, then it must be red!\" ***Jack did a deduction.*** > \"This is swan number 1000, and **again** it is a white one.\" \"Therefore it must be that all swans are white.\" ***Jack did an induction.*** You might have noticed that though the deduction is always sou... | [
"Yes. Employ deductive reasoning and employ logic. Or use inductive reasoning and provide evidence to support a thesis."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why is it so difficult to fall asleep without a blanket even when you aren't cold? | [
"People develop patterns for going to sleep. When you lie down, put your head on a pillow and cover yourself with a blanket your body thinks \"ok, it's time to go to sleep\" because you've trained it to react that way. You could just as easily train your body with a different set of criteria for sleep."
] | [
"Your body temperature decreases to initiate sleep. The recommended temperature for a good night’s sleep is 60 to 67 degrees. That’s a lot lower than what I think most houses are at right now. So if your house feels too warm and you’re noticing it when you lay down for bed that’s probably why. I know the first sign... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why are some major media outlets speculating a Ted Cruz presidential run, ignoring that he was born in Canada? | [
"His father was a Cuban who moved to the US in the 1950s (and was probably a US citizen by the time Cruz was born in 1970), his mother was born in US. You don't have to be born in the US to be eligible."
] | [
"There is a bigger question that comes first. Clinton has the Democratic nomination essentially wrapped up. It would take a huge disaster for that not to happen. Sanders is a Democratic nominee but way too liberal to win the nomination. The question is who runs against her in the general election on the Republican ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
The way cops sometimes talk | [
"That is the sort of language they might use in a formal report or when testifying in court. It's filtered through to every day use with the public in part, I think, because the words are carefully selected not to have improper connotations, though it does sound rather awkward."
] | [
"So we instinctively avoid it, as it can harm us"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
A few questions on house-buying stuff | [
"Equity in something means how much of a stake you have in its ownership. If you pay for the house in cash, then you own it, and you can borrow against it. If you take out a loan to buy it, then you only own it conditionally (so long as you keep making your payments to the bank). If you already have a mortgage on t... | [
"Maybe an idea to include a link to such an article? That'd clear up the context a bit, whether we're talking about historic appprenticeships, or a modern apprenticeship system, or a connection between the two, et cetera."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
At what point do under the table bank deposits become suspicious? | [
"The reporting limit is $10,000 but if you arrange multiple transactions that look like you should have done a single over $10,000 transaction you'll trip anti-money laundering law wires. For taxes, you should report *all* income earned in a period, regardless of source."
] | [
"Yes. Income is taxable regardless of whether it is from a legal or illegal business. However drug dealers are disqualified from taking deductions other businesses are eligible for. They can only deduct the cost of producing/acquiring their product. This would apply to owners but not employees, who have regular W2 ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why in ancient times anything but a pure wife was rejected, but some men married widows? | [
"Men didn't prefer virgins because they got to be the first. It was about legacy. Everything they had and were would be passed on to a son, and they wanted to make sure that boy really was his son. Marrying a virgin helped ensure this. Not only could the husband be sure she was not pregnant with another man's chil... | [
"\"This is only what I see: like the patriarchs of old, our men live all in one house with their wives & their concubines, & the Mulattos one sees in every family exactly resemble the white children- & every lady tells you who is the father of all the Mulatto children in everybody's household, but those in her own,... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why do people say county jail is worse than prison? | [
"County is nothing but laying and sitting, in a lot of places. Small town? You're just in a cell in a courthouse with a few other guys, beds, and a tv. Prison has other shit to do. Library, classes, exercise and what have you."
] | [
"Because it all comes down to money. And are we really gonna spend millions if dollars just to house a few bad cops? Idk how it is in Russia and why those cops are in jail but the cops in states deserve to go to general prison for their crimes. Some have killed innocent people for no reason what so ever"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
why do large amounts of prize money, (e.g. $100,000 from a game show or a lottery prize) get taxed so much? | [
"Lottery winnings are taxed as ordinary income at the Federal level, and by most states. The highest U.S. tax rate is 39.6%, and it's applied to any income over $418,401 for an individual. So on a big jackpot, that's almost 40% right off the top. Then of course your state gets to tax the income as well."
] | [
"Well it costs $2 per ticket, it would cost $584 million to buy that many tickets. If for example you were to play tonight's lottery at 900 million, the lump sum of cash would only get you about ~$350m."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
That baby smell. Like on baby items in Toys R Us, what is it and why does it all smell the same? | [
"It's made to smell like baby powder, which (fun fact) is rarely actually used on babies these days. But lots of diapers have that as their default scent, so babies still smell like it. The day my daughter was born, it blew my mind that she smelled just like the Cabbage Patch Kid I had when I was little. Then I rea... | [
"Burn a candle all day in your house, the smell isn't as strong because you become used to it. Walk into a house with a candle burning and you smell it right away. Works the same with body odor."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do owners of non-profit organizations or people who are "experts" in really odd things make money? Are most of them just retired or do they get paid by someone to do these things? | [
"Non-profits are still business that have expenses. Sometimes it is an organization that pays salaries and overhead expenses. What is leftover from however they produce income is what is provided to their charity or organization. As far as getting paid for odd jobs, that usually falls under the consultant category... | [
"Some businesses really don't make much money. There are some people who live off their savings, or their spouse/partner's income, or their second job, but like to run a business that they just enjoy doing."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What is on the papers that news anchors are continuously shuffling? | [
"Newsreaders usually have a small screen under the camera. On that screen, the text they read out is shown. This screen is called a \"teleprompter\". But in case the prompter breaks, they have the same text with them on paper, so they can continue reading the news."
] | [
"They're not. The question should be why you are so terrified of cockroaches."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How is headbutting someone effective? How do you hurt your opponent without hurting yourself? | [
"You take the harder part of your head and aim for a softer part of theirs."
] | [
"When someone is killed by a single punch in a street fight, its usually not from the punch itself but because the victim falls and hits their head on something hard. Professional fighters don't specifically avoid the kind of punches that could kill someone. But between gloves and each person being focused and gen... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Most fracking happens at over 1 to 2 miles under ground. What is the theory that explains how that water gets through 2 miles of bedrock to pollute my 150 foot well? | [
"There is definitely the potential for fracking to pollute groundwater. The truth is, we don't really know for sure exactly how much the underground geology is altered when they use fracking. They inject an extraordinary amount of fluid into the ground under an extraordinary amount of pressure, fracturing the rock ... | [
"The deeper you drill the more pressure is experienced by the equipment, not to mention the rock density changes dramatically, meaning new types of drilling cutters are needed, and would have to be changed more often. My question is what would be the point? What are you trying to do make a man made volcano? ------... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do planes "break" the sound barrier? | [
"The speed of sound is only about 780 miles per hour, and all you need to do to break the sound barrier is go faster than that. Most normal planes already go about 500~ mph, so boosting that up to 800~ isnt too hard"
] | [
"Fighter jets are air breathing. There is no air in space. For the same reason, there's no sonic boom in space either."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can "The Interview" have an all persons fictitious disclaimer at the end, when it is clearly based on a real living person? | [
"So the TL:NR is going to be \"That line doesn't really do jack\" here's why: Like someone using music or audio without consent saying \"Blahbity blah belongs to such and such, no claim to copyright is made\" or some such gives you no legal protection in court should that person decide to sue you the same is going ... | [
"The government did not report this to their people. Someone made a news report-like video announcing NK as the winners of the World Cup, but it was merely a parody of NK's media distortion and was never aired on North Korean TV. The dialects used in the video are not North Korean."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why did Longswords give way to rapiers and sabres during the Renaissance? | [
"I like most of the answers below, especially m4nu, but there's one big thing no one's mentioning: Armor. As technology progressed, muskets made armor utterly useless. Then, when hand to hand combat did occur, there was no need for a sword so heavy it would break a man's ribs through iron, just something to stab hi... | [
"The halberd is a 14th century weapon designed to be used in formation to defeat heavily armoured infantry and deter cavalry; it's arguably a more complex weapon to use than the spear, which is probably why the commenters suggested that the spear was the most practical weapon. That said, though, halberds had their ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Is a human virgin birth scientifically possible? | [
"If a woman is a virgin until a penis enters her vagina, then yes, virgin births are possible. If a man were to ejaculate on her, it's possible that sperm cells could swim up the vaginal canal and make her pregnant."
] | [
"I'm assuming that *you* assume that there were, in fact, miracle workers in biblical times. Then, you must be asking *how* they performed said miracles. In which case, they didn't. It's a fairytale not meant to be taken literally."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How does Piratebay still manage to be a live website? | [
"This bully, Pirate von Bayinstein, goes to a school connected to yours. Every day at the joint lunchtime your two schools have together he steals the cookies your mom packed for you. This pisses you off, so you go to your teacher and tell on him. Unfortunately, while he may be breaking your school's rules, he is n... | [
"pirate bay is the largest one. If governments can legally shut down TPB for good then they can use the same formula to go after everyone else."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does Anime have a bad stigma? | [
"Hardcore fans argue otherwise, but the majority of anime *is* poorly-animated entertainment fodder marketed towards teenage boys. This is coming from someone who enjoys some anime series, but it's a medium that most Japanese natives look down on for this reason, too. Because anime is deemed a niche genre unto itse... | [
"It's fairly simply really: Some people like cartoons It's a good cartoon There is porn of every cartoon People who look at cartoon porn are a minority of the fanbase in every case. If you strip away the name, that's all there is to it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Theoretically, shouldn't a pyramid scheme work? | [
"Pyramid schemes are 100% effective so long as the number of people joining exceeds the number of people who are already involved. This works because you can use the joiners money to pay off the oldest members. The problem is that the number of fools (while massive) is a finite number. Eventually the scheme cannot ... | [
"I would say as related you would be to a non-identical twin."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Finance:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Finance:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How does radiation make you sick/kill you? | [
"Think of the radiation like tiny, tiny bullets. When you get radiation poisoning your bodies cells are getting hit by Billion of tiny bullets that go through your body. These bullets can damage things at the cellular level like DNA, causing it to break apart in the cell and killing the cell. These bullets can also... | [
"The same way computers die from overheating. If the body can't cool down faster than it's heating up, the internals will begin to damage. If the brain gets too hot, it will stop working, which leads to death. EDIT: Just to expand on the idea because I can... Heatstroke breaks down the proteins in the membranes of ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why is a baby not nine months old when its born? | [
"Because it's called a \"birth\"day - we define your age as being measured by your date of birth. We do that because it's easier to know for sure the day that the baby came out of the mom than the day that the sperm hit the egg. Even with all our technology, there's no real 100% way to know \"Oh yeah, this was fert... | [
"You start counting from conception. So when a pregnant woman gets asked how many months, and she replies 6, that baby is 6 months old. So a Korean is a year older in Korean age counting system."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
what in our brain makes the auto alarm clock go off? | [
"I don't have this :( If it weren't for my phone alarm, I'd probably be nowhere in life."
] | [
"because you always wake up around that time. if you stop that regular pattern, you lose the auto wake function, its very buggy and no longer supported with updates."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What is actually going on with the oil companies, and why do the prices keep dropping? | [
"all of these answers contain somewhat true points, but something to point out -- no one 'sets' oil prices, not the oil exploration and production companies, not OPEC, not anyone except the market. The two types of oil quoted when people talk about 'oil prices' are WTI (U.S. benchmark) and Brent Crude (North Sea, w... | [
"What started the price hike was Hurricane Katrina which caused the port of New Orleans to be dysfunctional for awhile. Because of the sudden supply shock, prices started to soar, which is a natural course of events. Problem is that once the port got rehabilitated, the price of gas did not go down. Oil prices did s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Economics:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Economics:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Economics:"
} |
Why do most promotions say "Purchase Not Necessary"? | [
"If a purchase is necessary to enter the game of chance the promotion is classified as a lottery. Some governments, such as the US and the UK, deem as illegal. You should be able to get a piece for free by going to your local McDonalds and stating you'd like to enroll without a purchase. Your request must then lega... | [
"Avast, 'twas oft asked here. Ye may enjoy these: 1. [ELI5: why Dont Babies Drownsuffocate in the Womb...?](_URL_3_) 1. [ELI5: How Babies Breathe in the Womb and How They...?](_URL_7_) 1. [ELI5: How do Babies Breathelive During The...?](_URL_1_) 1. [ELI5: If You Can Survive Without Breathing While...?](_URL_0_) 1.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Biology:"
} |
Why do people call Fifty Shades of Gray porn? | [
"It's an erotic novel, which is about as close to porn as you can get while still being a novel. From what I understand, it goes into great detail about the intimacy involved."
] | [
"Question 1: Am I a celebrity? * Yes: Move onto question 2 * No: Who gives a shit about you? Question 2: Do I like to look terrific in photographs? * Yes: Move onto question 3 * No: Use your iPhone for nude selfies Question 3: Do I mind being raped? * Yes: Call Annie Leibovitz * No: Terry's your man!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why is it that Reddit only displays some of my subreddits in the drop down at one time? | [
"The maximum number of subreddits for the drop down list is 50."
] | [
"I've been wondering the same thing. Along the same lines, is there a way to block certain subreddits from popping up in the all feed? I'm pretty new to Reddit yet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How and why did cannabis come to be illegal? | [
"because of systemic political racism. back in the 1930's, mexicans and blacks smoke weed. white people didn't. so weed was make illegal to have a reason to put mexicans and blacks in jail."
] | [
"It could be because your question is too vague. Are you talking about here in America? in the entire world? and what drugs? this could be anything from China banning opium because the British empire was using it to drain their economy and decimate their population, to America instituting smoked opium bans in the l... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about History:"
} |
Why is female handwriting generally distinguishable from male handwriting? | [
"Young girls fine motor skills tend to develop a few years earlier than young boys. This also coincides with schools teaching handwriting, ages 5-8. As a result girls can get a bit of a jumpstart on developing and perfecting their handwriting. If you want to throw socializations in also, it is usually stressed tha... | [
"There is none. At all. It is absolute garbage. Your handwriting is the result of many factors, from cultural expectations to practice, how you were taught, learning or writing disorders like dyslexia, how much fine motor control you have in your hands and fingers, your patience to write slowly and carefully, etc. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why does sperm and bleach smell basically the same? | [
"If I remember my awkward Catholic school sex ed, the female reproductive canal is (very slightly) acidic. Therefore, the male ejaculate has to be slightly basic (alkaline) to counteract it. Bleach is a strong alkaline, hence a somewhat similar smell. Also, I think semen may contain an element of chlorine, we didn'... | [
"ELI5: An ingredient in toothpaste alters the chemistry in your mouth, promoting bitter tastes and diluting sweet ones. This basically takes all that makes juice tasty and removes it. ELI > 5: Toothpaste has something in it called sodium lauryl sulfate, which makes the toothpaste foam up. Fun Fact: it's also what m... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does the 'Stingray' work? Wouldn't you be able to hear interference on calls etc? | [
"Your phone treats the Stingray as a local cell tower. And the Stingray passes through all cell phone traffic. It happens quick enough that any delay is not noticed. No interference is generated. If you are concerned about Stingrays in your neighborhood see: _URL_0_"
] | [
"Cellphone signals work in an way many people don't realize. Cellphone towers don't send data to your phone, they send it everywhere. There is a little *sticky note* on the signal saying \"don't open this unless you are dinklebob's phone\". So, you could build a device that can listen in on everybody's phone calls.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
What stops a journalist from printing anything 'off the record'? | [
"If you print something that was said to you in the course of performing your journalistic duties, you are basically betraying the trust of your source and burning that source. You do it once, you'd need some luck to be able to talk to anyone on the inside ever again."
] | [
"MP allows friend who has no reason to be involved in his job along to government meetings and into offices where data/information could be compromised. In a nutshell."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
what is the point of making medical students study all the subjects/all residential rotations? | [
"Humans are one giant interconnected network of neural, chemical, and structural oddities. To understand the brain, you have to understand the body, and vice versa. It isn't a waste of time *at all*, and is quite necessary to have a holistic understanding of any one branch of medicine or psychology."
] | [
"Not only do you need a college degree, i believe pharm is a graduate degree in the US. Basically youre in charge of a lot of drugs and you need to know what does what and make sure whatever the doctor prescribed is ok for the patient Like most medical related degrees, its a lot of memorization"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why were ancient cities buried or abandoned if they continued to grow into modern cities? | [
"Some cities have been around for thousands of years, and still are inhabited today. Rome or example or Istanbul. Many cities were abandoned because of things like: 1. Natural Disasters 2. Lack of/exhaustion of local resources 3. Economic/Trade shifts"
] | [
"What happened to Teotihuacan? I visited a while back and the pyramids and adjacent buildings are very impressive, but it seems that the story of its people is not entirely clear. Did they run out of resources for their crops? Did they decide to migrate for another reason?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do we perceive our vision as a single frame when we have two eyes? | [
"We have binocular vision, by using two eyes our brain receives to separate images with everything shifted slightly left or right. Your brain then takes the images and process them together into a single image, using the differences to give you depth perception and three dimensional vision. For example I am sitting... | [
"They're 2D images which means they look the same no matter what your viewing angle. This contrasts with your usual everyday experiences in a world that has 3 spacial dimensions. Because of this photos can give the impression that the eyes are tracking the person looking at the picture."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does semen turn hard when exposed to hot water? | [
"The same reason eggs get more solid when they cook, I believe. The heat causes some of the proteins to denature. Proteins are kind of like balled-up organic strings. Since they are round, they easily bump past each other in a liquid. When they denature, they partially or completely unravel, and the loose ends get ... | [
"When you breathe cold dry air the nose will release mucus to protect the sensitive spots on your lungs and some of that mucus will run out your nose which is what causes runny noses. On the other-hand your nose dries up because there is no need for this in the temperature you are used to. Hope that answers your qu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health:"
} |
LI5: Why wont the US government legalize marijuana? | [
"Legalizing marijuana is not a politically wise proposal to make. There are lots of reasons why this is so, but the core thing is that a politician would lose more votes from the minority that opposes marijuana than from the majority that supports it. As long as that is true, marijuana will not be legalized, no mat... | [
"> Can't we have a global regulatory authority which allows for buying stuff from other countries Who should lead this global regulartory authority? China? India? Russia? Sudan?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why did Tipper Gore get so much hate from the music industry and fans during 1985 for wanting parental guidelines on music? | [
"People thought they wanted to ban/censor music because that's exactly what they wanted to do. And they did it successfully at the time with Body Count's song Cop Killer. They put so much pressure on the label that the album was pulled from the shelf and the song was eventually replaced with a song called Freedom o... | [
"Child *pornography* is illegal. Having an innocent picture of a naked child is not sexual in any manner so it's not pornographic. Everyone saying that the 90s were a less puritan time is full of shit - the album came out in 1991. The late 80s were when the \"Moral Majority\" were actively fighting against \"satani... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How is math like a language? | [
"In one sense math can be construed as the language of nature because it can explain natural phenomena as well as other things such as human behavior and the probability of future events."
] | [
"One of these is not like the others."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do trees survive winter? | [
"They can store nutrients below ground mostly. Think of syrup, which all decidious trees in northern climates produce. The flow of syrup is the tree moving sugars from its lower storage organs to its leaf buds yo support the new growth. Also woody tissue with secondary cell walls are dead so they aren't really supp... | [
"Because the trees lose their leaves, letting the sound through easier."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why in construction, when they lay rebar, is it in a grid pattern? | [
"Because grids are easy and the structural integrity gained from triangles would not outway the massive extra time investment."
] | [
"The squares are there to help stop cracks from spreading across the whole slab. If you're talking about the stamped grid marks. Or they are heat expansion joints if you're talking about the individual blocks that are sometimes poured with thin strips of wood in between."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do Wind turbines have three blades? | [
"As a wind farm developer, let me direct you to the proper resource: _URL_3_ Essentially: > \"Wind turbines extract energy by slowing down the wind. For a wind turbine to be 100% efficient it would need to stop 100% of the wind - but then the rotor would have to be a solid disk and it would not turn and no kinetic... | [
"Big trucks have Big engines. Big engines make lots of heat. All cars and trucks have a part called a Radiator. The Radiator is where all the heat from the Engine goes. The Radiator is put just inside the front of the Car or Truck so the air can take the heat away as the Car or Truck drives. Big Trucks have Big eng... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does diarrhea make your anus burn. | [
"Not to do with stomach acid, that should be neutralised before it gets anywhere near leaving your body (or it'd wreak havoc on your intestines on its way through). Probably because diarrhoea is wet and this, in addition to wiping more often than usual, irritates the skin around your butthole. Also, think about how... | [
"I have ulcerative colitis and when my stomach can't digest the food and makes my stomach hurt it relaxes the muscles and makes the pain go away 100%."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about health:"
} |
What is the purpose of hanging highly irradiated patient's limbs up in the air? | [
"Not a scientifically backed explanation as such but it might be to do with minimizing contact with surfaces to reduce the pain the subject is in. Any sort of second degree burn or worse hurts when it has pressure applied."
] | [
"Because they're taking an x-ray of your teeth, which are inside your head. There's no way to put any sort of lead covering *inside your skull* between your teeth and your brain."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How is the melody encoded on a vinyl and how is it reproduced by a record player ? | [
"Such is the genius of Thomas Edison. It turns out sound waves are really pressure waves that exert force on your eardrums 'creating' sound. Vinyl is a soft material which is sensitive to subtle changes in force. Therefore to make a recording, an etching needle is placed on the vinyl and when sounds are made it mov... | [
"I actually I asked this question on this very subreddit a while back. First you need to understand how cassettes work. The \"tape\" itself creates a magnetic field that is in turn picked up by sensors inside of the cassette player, generating an audio signal that it sends to the speakers. These adapters don't actu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why can we multiply by 0 but not divide by 0. | [
"Let's put it this way - you can't divide something into zero parts. You can divide it into one part, but not zero parts. That's an illogical question (what happens if you divide $10 in zero parts?) There's no answer. Here: $0 x 12 months = I'll give you $0 every month for 12 months. How much money will you have af... | [
"Let's take the number 3 3^3 = 3 x 3 x3 = 27 3^2 = 3 x 3 = 9 3^1 = 3 = 3 3^0 = ? On the other hand we can divide 3^3 by 3 to get 3^2 . So it stands to reason that we can divide 3^1 by 3 to get 3^0 . 3 divided by 3 is of course one. The same reasoning applies to all other numbers, not just 3. It is also the reason ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Mathematics:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Mathematics:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Mathematics:"
} |
How did child rearing work before diapers? | [
"As far as infants, cloth and linen were often used as diapers, this is shown in native tribes. Disposable diapers are relatively new. Many people still use cloth diapers as they tend to be better for an infants skin. Thorough cleaning was just very important."
] | [
"So when and where did playing cards as we know them come into being anyways?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
When naming a new royal, are there only certain names they are allowed to use or is it just assumed they'll use a previous royal name? | [
"It comes down to custom and tradition. For instance, with British royalty, they need to pick a British name. Custom dictates they can't go with something like Barbara or Fleur. Custom shows that typically they choose names to honor other family members or royalty. That's how they chose Charlotte, Elizabeth, and Di... | [
"I think you will find there are nearly as many first names as their are last, but some names are more popular. As well you may note that there are some last names that are very similar to each other, maybe off by only a letter (Nelson - Neilson, McDonald - MacDonald, Johnson-Johnston). Parents can pick any first ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
According to the BBC: pilots used the aircrafts' sensors to confirm "no civilians were in the proximity of the targets" In the Syrian Bombings. How? | [
"It basically means \"We hit the designated target. The target was defined as hostile, therefore everybody there were enemies. If there were any civilians, we define them as enemies as well.\". In other words, they only know that the bombs hit as intended, they don't know who was there or if the intelligence that s... | [
"The Airspace was open and not closed in anyway. In fact, it has been reported that 15 Cathay Pacific Passenger jest flew the same route in the previous 36 hours prior to the shoot down of MH17. The Military cargo planes shot down were at lesser heights and no civilian craft were previously targeted in the region. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do dogs throw up when they're hungry? | [
"I guess you have never been really hungry. Not an insult I just mean humans do the same thing its just we can just feed our selves or drink water or something to stop the hunger before it gets to that point. As a former homeless dude I have been that hungry you start to drool and it burns in your belly till you ju... | [
"Why do you stare at your dog when it's taking a shit?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Animal behavior:"
} |
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