query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
How are police sketch artists able to draw people relatively accurately based on descriptions? | [
"It's something of an open question whether they are all that accurate. Often they are accurate only in the gross details (hair colour, large nose, etc) and aren't otherwise recognisable. It's quite rare for a suspect to be identified purely on the basis of an accurate sketch, though."
] | [
"Most of the time, humans recognise each other by their eyes. Eyes are unique to each individual and you can recognise someone by them by up to approximately 100 yards away. In this respect, redacting eyes prevents people from being identified. Of course, there are other identifiable features that people have, but ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do most song lengths seem to fall between 2 and 4 minutes? | [
"Much of the answer has to do with the length limitations of vinyl 7\" 45 rpm singles, which for many years were the primary means of promoting a single song. You can only fit about 3 minutes of music onto a 45 rpm single. So historically, if you wanted to write a hit pop song, you had to keep it under that length.... | [
"The best way to do this is by breaking the time you're asking about into chunks that are easy to think about. 8:15am to 3:00pm? How much time between 8:15 and 9:00? Forty-five minutes. How much time between 9:00 and noon? Three hours. How much time between noon and 3:00? Three more hours. Put them all together: si... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Music:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Music:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What is that falling feeling you get in your stomach when you go down a hill in a car or rollercoaster | [
"Did you ever jump into a cool swimming pool or river or something, and notice after five minutes or so that it's no longer cold? That's because your body 'gets used' to things after a bit. Your body is used to gravity (and in fact evolved to take advantage of gravity). So you don't even notice that your insides..... | [
"For the same reason you can easily step out of a parked car, but would have a less fun time stepping out of a car going full speed down a highway"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why is the sea made out of salt water? | [
"Almost all natural water contains salts and other minerals including rivers and sweet water lakes just in different levels. Rivers flow constantly so the salt they pick up from the ground does not have time to build up to the point where it tastes salty. But oceans and lakes get all of this salt poured into them b... | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What do investment bankers actually do? Goldman Sachs, etc. | [
"treedick is speaking about regular banks that give loans..not investment bank. Let's take Goldman Sachs' Investment Banking division Basically, they underwrite securities. Facebook is going public, they go to an investment bank to help them raise capital. Investment banks are financial intermediaries."
] | [
"An employee of the investment bank Goldman Sachs names Greg Smith published an open letter explaining why he was leaving Goldman Sachs. In it, he just talked about how the atmosphere at Goldman had become immoral and vitriolic. The public backlash against Goldman because of the letter caused Goldman to lose about... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why is it okay to say racist things about white people and sexist things about men but not the other way around? | [
"If you want the actual explanation for why some people say this, it is the following: People *claim* that it isn't actually racism because racism = prejudice + power. So if you are a historically disadvantaged group (therefore less power), nothing you do can be racist. It can be bigoted, intolerant, or ignorant - ... | [
"I don’t think there’s anything to explain. Sometimes we as humans are just hypocrites. Why is Bill Clinton given a pass on all the allegations against him? Why do people follow some bits of the bible and reject the bits they don’t like? Humans are strange."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What is bad about universities like the University of Phoenix and DeVry? | [
"They admit anyone who has (or can borrow) the money to pay them, regardless of whether they are ready or able to do the coursework. They provide subpar education at excessive cost. Their graduates tend to find themselves not particularly employable, and in a lot of debt."
] | [
"In the US, they're more or less synonymous in daily conversation, however a college specializes in a specific field, and a university is a collection of colleges. College of Medicine, College of Arts and Sciences, Engineering College, etc. Put a bunch of those together and you get a University."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How do wireless speakers work? | [
"Just like radio. There is a transmitter and a reciever. In the case of Bluetooth, the transmitter is something like a smartphone. Then the speaker recieves the signal, and amplifies it."
] | [
"Bluetooth and WiFi both use radio waves to communicate between devices. Bluetooth doesn't go very far and it tends to be used to connect two devices that are both yours. WiFi goes farther and it tends to be used to give portable devices access to the Internet. So you'd more likely use Bluetooth to connect your ear... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
how do people deep fry ice cream? Wouldn't it melt? | [
"First of all the ice cream for this is frozen at extremely cold temps, then it is quickly battered and fried, so while the ice cream softens up a little....it is still plenty cold."
] | [
"Probably because there is so much sugar in it. You can leave meringue oit for a while and it won't change. Same thing."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Food Science:"
} |
Why does my nose get runny when I eat/drink something hot. | [
"Spicy foods irritate the mucus membranes in your head and lungs. Your body reacts to this by making you create mucus, to coat and protect you from whatever may be causing the irritation. You also tear to protect your eyes, which drains into your nose, exacerbating your snot nose. You can also sweat because your b... | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Someone dies before they get a chance to retire. What happens to all of their social security benefits? | [
"Immediate family of the deceased are eligible to receive the deceased benefits under certain situations, in part or full. Kids get less than spouses. When an unmarried, no kids, divorced, or already widowed person died, the payment liability disappears. The gov doesn't have to pay anyone."
] | [
"Between paying off debts, funeral costs, and your family being without your income, dying can cost a lot of money to those you leave behind. Life insurance is a way to lower the burden."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Is Magneto (from X-Men) good or bad? | [
"Think of Magneto (and Charles Xavier) as ideologies. X-Men has always been a metaphor for people who are different, marginalized, etc. Thinking back to the Civil Rights struggles of the 1960's (when X-Men was created), you had people advocating non-violent protest (Martin Luther King Jr.) and you had people who w... | [
"He does recognize them at the end of the Wolverine. He knows immediately what the floatign coins means, which is why he turns to try and strike Magneto. When Xavier shows up, he asks how it is possible because he knows Xavier is dead. As to how Xavier lives/lived, we don't know, and it is implied it will be explai... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why does Bayern Munchen/Munich have the 2 names, and which one is "correct"? | [
"Bayern is English for Beieren. Beieren is a province located in the south of Germany. Munich is English for München. München is a city located in the province of Beieren."
] | [
"I guess you're not aware of that Vienna (the capital of Austria) is named \"Wien\" in German? Also as with any words, last names tend to change with time and because there is no \"right\" spelling of them we get more variants of them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
The controversy surrounding the 2000 election (George W. Bush vs Al Gore) | [
"It was an extremely close race, the deciding state being Florida. 537 more Floridians voted for Bush than for Gore, but across the board, in the entire country, Gore got more of the popular vote. So the supreme court made the decision that since Bush won Florida, the deciding state, by a margin of 537 votes, that ... | [
"The Mueller report is the culmination of the Investigation Led by Special counsel Robert Mueller, appointed by US congress, to investigate whether the 2016 elections were messed with by an outside force. William Barr is the Current US Attorney General Nominated by Trump, and confirmed on Feb 14th, after the Last... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What's the difference between a flash drive and external hard drive? | [
"An external hard disk is called as such because it utilizes a Hard Disk Drive (HDD). One of these drives has a metal platter with different magnetic sections, called sectors, that are read by a small magnetic sensor called a head on the end of an actuator arm. Many people are now moving over to flash storage, howe... | [
"The short and sweet version is, a hard disk drive uses a spinning disk to store the data, which is read by a special sensor on the tip of an arm. It works the same as a record player, just on a smaller and faster scale. Solid state drives use flash memory, similar to the SD card that phones and other devices use. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are colleges and universities so different from each other (Yale vs a local community college) but all of the information taught in school is the same for their respected fields ? | [
"I studied physics at a reasonably high-ranked school, and I can tell you definitively that 90% of what I learned that actually stuck was from working with other students, not from lectures. The caliber of fellow students is hugely important in my opinion, and you simply get better students at better schools. I als... | [
"Some cities have magnet schools that do that. They specialize in certain subjects such as math, science, health sciences, etc. But most cities don't. The focus is on creating well rounded graduates who are proficient in all fields. People in the US tend to be much more generalized in their education. Even in colle... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How do various worms dig into people, and how do we not feel it? | [
"they normally enter through food when they are very very small. alternately there are some parasites who can enter through cuts that already exist in the skin."
] | [
"Cat saliva has antiseptic properties. Even their asses are no match. This does not mean that anything they find in their asses won't harm them. They're prepared for most things they would find in there."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why are transgender issues suddenly all over the place? | [
"Causes are fashion for many people. And transgender issues are currently the most fashionable. I say this as someone who fully believes that trans people deserve equality and freedom from persecution, but also as someone who recognises that people clearly bandwagon."
] | [
"more like ELI5 why is there so much tension between ethnic groups all over the world"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can clams grow shells? | [
"In a very similar manner to how humans grow bones and teeth. They capture the elements they need to form them from their environment, and react them together in such a way as to deposit a solid mineral in the places they need it."
] | [
"Follow up question, why do some moles grow hair?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Black athletes with hyphenated names | [
"No I meant why is it so prevalent in black athletes. I know about hyphenated names with divorced parents. I want to know why it seems to only occur in black athletes and not in other races IN SPORTS."
] | [
"If you ask Malcolm X he would point out some of them are slave names....."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
I had a fruit fly wander into my microwave and I decided to nuke him for 3 minutes, for science of course, and in the end the little bugger flew out. How is this possible? | [
"1. The insect is too small to act as an efficient receiver of microwave energy. 2. There area areas within the machine that get far less energy, and (by moving from hot to not-hot areas) the fly can seek them out."
] | [
"I submerged a wasp nest underwater for 48 hrs, trapped in a 5 gallon plastic pail. They took 5 minutes, but they all came alive, I had to step on them 1 at a time to ensure death. Scary little fuckers."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
what is "old man" strength? | [
"Nobody's mentioned this, so I figured I'd give my $0.02. Old man strength is typically from those who have been performing some form of physical labor for a long time, and have such developed incredible grip strength. This is the part that /u/WOT_IF_UR_LEGS is talking about where it feels as if they can crush your... | [
"Maybe let's start with: what is ring tone rap?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why Do People Have Fetishes? | [
"There's not really a 100% established answer for why, or what causes people to have fetishes. The more common explanations are a result of conditioning and psychological development. Conditioning is where a non-typical object, body part, or act is associated with sex by pairing it with typical erotic stimulation,... | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
I've been without an internet connection since June 12th. What's going on in the world? | [
"Most major stuff has already been covered but: *The largest Ebola outbreak ever is going on right now"
] | [
"I just want you to know you're not alone. This happened to me every damn time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is a mouse more accurate than a joystick on a controller | [
"Because with a computer mouse you move it exactly X distance on the table so the cursor moves Y distance. With a joystick, you essentially 'toggle' the cursors movement in any given direction, for a certain length of time, until the cursor reaches what you need. It's also less accurate because you're dealing with ... | [
"Maybe because you need your more dexterous right hand free to manipulate the touch screen."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When was the last time in human history it would be more common to see someone walking barefoot than with shoes or sandals? | [
"It was common up until the 1950s in the south for children to go without shoes. It is still somewhat common in regions with lots of creeks."
] | [
"Spend a Summer walking barefoot. When I was a kid I had callouses so thick on the bottom of my feet that I once ran over crushed glass and all I had to do was pick it out. Not one drop of blood. They are sturdier than you think. EDIT: To more directly answer your question, they are not. Modern people's feet are so... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do some drinks seem to pass right through you whereas plain water is retained? | [
"The sugar and electrolytes in Gatorade and other sports drinks actually increase how much water you absorb into your blood stream. This can be perceived as too much fluid and your body will try to get rid of it if you aren't actually dehydrated. Normal water, on the other hand, lacks the sugar and electrolytes tha... | [
"Thirst is your brain telling you that you need to drink water. Since you are now drinking it, this has been dealt with. If you only stopped feeling thirsty once the water was fully absorbed you might end up drinking way too much."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Science:"
} |
How does a disease make a comeback like Ebola or the Bubonic plague have recently? | [
"Ebola has no cure, or even a real treatment. It never really went away. It's just that humans aren't commonly exposed to it (it probably normally lives in bats), and when they are it tends to kill quickly enough that it burns itself out. So you see a series of fairly quick and nasty outbreaks in the areas in which... | [
"What do you mean it has no known cure or vaccine? It has a vaccine, in fact the particular vaccine gave us the word \"vaccine\". That's how it was wiped out. We consider it wiped out because it only infects humans. If there are no more human infections it's gone. Compare this with something like rabies or ebola th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health and Medicine:"
} |
How do they clean up the lead at gun ranges? | [
"Nowadays that lead is worth good money as scrap. There are guys that come out with some attachment that fits on a tractor that kind of sifts the lead out of the dirt. The gun range makes big money for letting them come take the lead."
] | [
"I live in Wisconsin. Is there anywhere in the state where I could see first hand items from this era? Infrastructure or left over commercial areas?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why are some people are more prone to insect bites? | [
"I don't know about other bugs but mosquitoes have a preference for type O blood. CO2 also attracts them, and pregnant women exhale more CO2. Also alcohol (as little as 12 ounces of beer) seems to increase their attraction to you; possibly because it raises your body temperature."
] | [
"Your teacher is an idiot. Talk to a doctor about the best way to beat a type of cancer. That being said, a diet high in vegetables and low in red meat would lower your chances of getting cancer in the first place."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are timeshares considered a scam? | [
"You basically \"Own\" a part of a property and you only get to use it a few weeks a year, yet you pay property taxes, upkeep costs and \"Association Dues\" year round. Most people don't want to spend all their vacations at the same place every year, but if you have a time-share, you're wasting money if you don't u... | [
"It's not a pyramid scheme. Pyramid Schemes are Multi Level Marketing groups. Wish is a retail aggregate that focuses on low-cost (and possibly copyright infringing) items. Even if Wish offers you an incentive to share the program to others, they never say that you, the random jackass who never posts a product, wil... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
or[5] Electronic Tablets/E-books. | [
"Sounds like you should look at the [Nexus 7.](_URL_1_) Good size for portability, amazing price and three different storage capacities (8GB, 16GB, 32GB), lots of free apps, and it starts at $199. There are plans for an even cheaper $100 8GB version in the future, but that is unconfirmed for now. If that's too smal... | [
"Explained in the original thread. Explanation: _URL_0_ Thread: _URL_1_ Thanks mocmocmoc81"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How does an electron microscope work and can it be used on living tissue? | [
"An electron microscope works by passing electrons across the object that it's scanning. Basically, the object is coated with a heavy metal, and the electrons that bounce off get recorded, and it gets put into a computerized image that gets manually colored for effect. Electron microscopes require the object to be ... | [
"You have two options, you can either experiment on a living animal, or you can dissect it's eyes. Experiments can be devised to test animals by exposing them to different colors and seeing if the can tell the difference. Dissection can be used to determine the make-up of the animal's retina, in order to determine ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
What's so bad about Detroit? | [
"Poverty Jobs left the city at an ever accelerating pace over the past few years and this has led to lower and lower incomes and, consequently, higher crime and lower property values. As it gets worse fewer companies would think of moving in and bringing back jobs and the situation worsens and worsens. Their econo... | [
"What's so bad about having something made in Israel?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why can't multi-billion dollar companies have less profit and pay their employees more without wrecking the economy. | [
"they could. but what would be the benefit to the owners of the company by having less profit? what would be the benefit to shareholders who are looking for the company to maximize profits?"
] | [
"Without a place for the rich to invest their money, what would they do with it? Hoard it? Buy a million mansions? The stock market is one of the most beneficial things a rich person can use their money for, building successful companies that have investments to be able to hire the common people and pay them a wage... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why do animals eyes light up in certain colours when shone at with a torch/light? | [
"Many especialy night active animals have a layer of reflective tissue behind the light sensing cells at the back of the eye. That allows them to caputer more light in their light sensing cells. Additionaly that makes the eyes act as a retroreflector (meaning they will reflect light back paralell to the incomming l... | [
"The inside of your eye is not completely black as it would appear through your pupil. You can see the reflection if sufficiently illuminated (e.g. flash)."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How come we can land probes on comets and send satellites around the galaxy, but we can't put a high resolution color camera on these devices? | [
"We could now. But this probe was launched 10 years ago, and was designed and built mostly during the 90s."
] | [
"Seriously? Since 1950, we've turned into a computerized society that understands how to manipulate our own genomes, we're building robots and actually getting somewhere (slowly) with AI. There are literally robots wandering around on Mars right now. We are reprogramming viruses to defeat genetic diseases. The inte... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about astronomy:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about astronomy:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why some credit card transactions require a billing address and some only require a zipcode? | [
"CVV codes are not mandatory, it is up to the person/company as to whether or not they want to require it or not. In some cases their Merchant provider will offer cheaper rates on transaction when CVV is used, as it leads to less fraud however some retailers choose not to do that. Many merchants still refuse to inc... | [
"When you buy something, the seller's bank immediately checks the credit card account number to see if it's valid (along with the expiration date and verification code). If even one digit is off, no deal. So they're hard to fake."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How do gradients work in tatoos | [
"Hi there i tattoo and its exactly how they said. The needles dont need to penetrate too deep and the more times you go over it the darker it becomes you want to go from lightest to dark. You cant take dark back. We water down the black in different amounts or whatever colors and just like water color painting we b... | [
"What two types are you talking about? There are many ways to classify solar panels."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How did the russian revolution start? | [
"The Russian Revolution is actually two revolutions, the February revolution and the October revolution (Stalin, btw, was involved in neither). During World War 1, in February 1917, a bunch of workers in Russia started a strike, and basically everybody ended up joining it, including the army and eventually some key... | [
"Was any Asian country capable of helping the United States during the revolutionary war?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do the water intake on this nuclear plant work? And how this guy managed to go from the inlet to the outlet without a scratch? | [
"Nuclear engineer here. He was sucked from he ocean to the intake bay. At the far end of the intake bay is where the pumps push water through the plant. The intake bay water level is at a slightly lower elevation than the ocean, which created the pressure that sucked him through. He didn't pass through any pumps o... | [
"You would have to scuba dive. I imagine a room completely filled with water and a entry chamber that they would be empty of water, then filled. The door would open and you would enter the main pool. I don't know why you would want to undergo the bother, unless you wanted the increased water resistance to help with... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Science:"
} |
How do the mammals of the ocean hydrate themselves. | [
"They have awesome kidneys. The kidneys are able to filter the water to hydrate the body and remove the salt. Human kidneys are not so awesome."
] | [
"Whales and dolphins are too massive to live on land, their food and water source is in the ocean, and they have evolved to move about in the ocean. Wales is a place in the United Kingdom. They don't have gills because like other Brits, they live on land."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
"PTSD is a cultural product" what does that mean? | [
"If I understand this correctly, what its saying is that PTSD only exists as a recognised disorder because of the ability we have to study it. It never used to be recognised. In wars, for example, people would get it and be labelled as cowards, because it wasn't understood what the sufferers were going through. I t... | [
"Surrealness for the sake of surrealness. What are you confused about?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why can most things in the body be transplanted, except the eyes? | [
"Whole eyes are really tricky to transplant for a few reasons: 1. The retina dies in only 2-4 hours without a blood supply. The donor and recipient would have to be right by each other. 2. The retina is part of the brain, so if a donor is brain dead, the eye would be dead too. You have to harvest the eye right afte... | [
"They have nerves and pain receptors. They're living tissue just like the rest of you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Weird vibrating eye "trick" | [
"it's called nystagmus. It can appear as a problem for some people, in which it is uncontrolled, but some people are able to do it voluntarily. Other than the obvious vision problems for people who have involuntary nystagmus and can't 'switch it off', I'm not aware of it being a cause of any sort of damage."
] | [
"Ants have very simple brains. They navigate by following chemical trails. Cordyceps invades every nueral pathway and floods the signaling with a chemical gradient that gets stronger when the ant gets higher up. A much more complex and poorly understood \"zombie parasite\" toxoplasma gondii which infect mamal brai... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why are highway and street signs usually white text on green (at least in the US)? | [
"You're correct that white and black would provide the greatest contrast, but the primary issue isn't contrast. Highway signs are \"retroreflective,\" meaning that at night, when you shine your headlights on them, the light not only illuminates the sign, but the sign also directly reflects a good amount of that lig... | [
"I don't know about product packaging, but store signage is regulated by the local government. It's very common in affluent communities to have very strict rules, and \"drab coloring\" using dark blues, greens, and browns is a requirement in the wealthy planned community near me."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Japanese vs American automobiles | [
"American cars used to be the hallmark of reliability. I think a variety of reasons contributed to the decline of quality in American cars. From an econ/financial perspective it just became too expensive to build quality cars. Labor costs for automotive companies kept going up because unions kept wanting more benef... | [
"How do you define your hints of schizophrenia?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do vehicles that carry a lot of people not require seatbelts? | [
"I asked a school-bus driver once about this, and he replied that kids would use the seat belts as weapons. I, for one, could definitely see my teenage self smacking my seatmate with a seatbelt."
] | [
"It's not just school buses, but buses in general (at least here anyway). It tends to be that a bus is a big enough vehicle that no matter what it hits you most likely won't be thrown forward hard enough to cause damage. In particular school buses which are unlikely to ever be driving above 30mph. At least, that u... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
I always hear about spacetime, but what proof do we have that it exists and that all theories based on it are accurate? | [
"There have been [a number of experiments](_URL_0_) that have shown general relativity to be a more accurate theory of gravity than the classic Newtonian model. For example, our GPS satellites have to correct for relativistic effects. The fact that your GPS works is proof positive that general relativity is a thin... | [
"Essentially the answer is simply: we don't know. The idea of a parallel universe is entirely speculation and may or may not be true. Even if it is true we really don't have a way of finding out the answer to those questions. However if we assume they exist on the same basic principles we do, they would have matter... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Canadians: What's the political situation with Quebec? What's with the whole "revolution" thing? | [
"Think of a teenager screaming at parents and siblings saying nobody understands me, I'm moving out. Then stays home sulking when they find out they would have to do their own laundry and cooking, and pay for their own groceries. Then says they are staying, but only if they get their own apartment above the garage.... | [
"Because they are... Politically i mean. Consider health care, a pretty 'left' issue. Not even all Democrats are for it. In Canada the 'right' party (the conservative party of canada) would never openly attack it. Every once and a while they talk about starting a 'private option' or something like that, but never d... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Political Science:"
} |
Are product restocking fees BS or is there some legitimacy to them? | [
"How do you define BS? It costs the business money to have employees around to put the item back into inventory, makes their logistics less efficient, etc. The entire area of return policies is a strange one. Businesses are under no obligation to accept returns for any reason. Anything they do is strictly for mark... | [
"They do it on purpose so that they can charge you more fees. Since they disclose their rules, and you are free to choose a different bank, they are free to charge fees in any way that isn't prohibited by government regulators. This is quite profitable for them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why do you have to get your oil changed after 3 months if you haven't driven 3,000 miles? | [
"And you're told this by people who sell oil. Maybe that should give you a clue. Certainly in modern cars, that should be unnecessary. Edit: Spelling"
] | [
"Read the fine print on the deal. \"Maintenance\" likely refers to a few oil changes, tire rotations, and wiper fluid filling, and even then only up to 100,000 or 150,000 miles. They won't be covering total engine rebuilds when the car has 287,000 miles on it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Computer Graphics Cards | [
"Numbering is just a nice way of differentiating the new cards from the old cards. Occasionally it switches. For instances, years ago, NVidia was making cards with thousand series (4XXX up to 9XXX). Then for some reason, they decided not to do 10XXX and started with hundred series (2XX up to currently 6XX). As for ... | [
"This should help explain it Your Brain On Coffee: _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why is it the iphone (and other smartphones) requires a separate file type for a ringtone instead of being able to use mp3's already on it? | [
"Because that's how they are set up, ringtones are a separate purchase, so they don't want to lose money buy allowing you to natively create a ringtone from song files on your device. There are of course super simple ways to manually make them into ringtones. It's just that when you pay for the song, you are payi... | [
"App developer here. It's generally because it's useless to, especially when you're releasing an app over multiple platforms. iOS devices (iPads & iPhones) don't have sd card slots and even for android devices that have slots in them, you can't rely on the sd card actually being there for your app to use. The only... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
The difference between DVD-R and DVD+R, CD-R and CD+R? | [
"DVD-R and DVD+R are two DVD formats. This means that the way the data is stored on the discs themselves is slightly different. From a user's perspective they both function the same and have almost the same capacity (-R has 7MB more). DVD-R came first and is the \"old\" format. DVD+R is newer and has some advantage... | [
"Tiny scratches or holes are punched in the disc by a CD/DVD/Blu-Ray Burner. When the CD/DVD/Blu-Ray is read, a Red(CD/DVD) or Blue(Blu-Ray) laser is used to detect the holes and scratches so they can be read as binary code."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How can peristaltic movements transport liquids? | [
"Peristalsis works like this: _URL_0_ Stick a drinking straw in a cup full of water, place your thumb over the end of the straw, and lift it out of the water so that the straw is full of water but no longer in cup. Pinch the straw flat with the thumb and forefinger of your other hand up near where your thumb is cov... | [
"The water you drink travels through your digestive system to get absorbed by cells lining your small intestines and large intestines. These cells pass the water on into your bloodstream, and hence water circulates as blood around your body. Blood vessels supply the cells in your body with water, oxygen, and other ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does the ISS maintain it's altitude without crashing into the planet? | [
"So you know when your throw a ball it follows a curved path down back to the ground? Well the ISS is moving so fast and is so high up that it's curved path equals the curvature of the earth, so it approaches the earth just as fast the earth curves away from it, so the distance between the earth and the station rem... | [
"No, there is no limit. Because the ISS is not held up by anything, it is in fact already falling towards the Earth. The only thing preventing it from hitting the earth is that it's moves so fast sideways that the earth is curving away just as fast as the ISS is falling. So you can pack as much mass as you like on ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Science and Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Science and Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
what's the difference between an "escort" and prostitute? | [
"Looks price and class. That's it. When you pay for an escort you're paying for \"the girlfriend experience\" you talk to them eat with them you know go on a \"real\" date but at the end you know your getting lucky. With a whore your getting some drug addicted pimp abused woman who only wants to get you off as fast... | [
"how is that different from any other mortgage system??? am i missing something?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is stopping us from just replacing our natural adult teeth with synthetic ones? | [
"Mostly Price. Where I live it costs around £1000-£1500 for 1 dental implant."
] | [
"With current technology, you cannot viably grow a healthy, working organ ready for transplant from stem cells. Maybe in the future though."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Since whales are mammals, and need water to live like we do, how do they get it if they live in salt water, which is bad to drink? | [
"They get it from the food that they eat. Whales, and dolphins, can't starve to death, they die of dehydration first. They do get a little bit from sea water but their kidneys can't remove much salt so if they accidentally drink too much sea water when they eat that could kill them."
] | [
"Fish osmoregulate. Which means they can control how much salt is in their blood. Saltwater fish have special kidneys that let them release excess salt from their bodies since the amount of salt in the water is more than what is good for them so they release the excess salt back into the ocean. Freshwater fish do t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about biology:"
} |
How are outside noises able to be incorporated into your dream? | [
"Brains are complex things. While dreaming you are thought to be basically consolidating the memories you want to keep and not keep, and you create scenes in your mind involving things that were important to you recently (consciously or unconsciously). So while your brain is doing all of that, your ears, eyes, nose... | [
"Your mind! Words you hear are just a series of sound waves, but your mind provides meaning to them. The same thing applies to music."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post about Science:"
} |
How does a boat motor work, and how does a small propeller move such a large object? | [
"The small propeller moves a small stream of water, just as wide as the propeller, at a speed that's much faster than the boat moves. This stream of water has more mass than you'd think, because water is quite heavy, and it has a momentum (m • v). All this momentum goes into the boat, because momentum is conserved ... | [
"Electric cars use an electric motor (or multiple motors in most cases) The electric motor is powered via electricity by energizing elector magnets that basically push and pull causing the motor to turn. Attach a wheel, and you've got something to strap into a car. Your battery in your gas car doesn't provide nearl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
What is being 'calculated' by supercomputers? | [
"I work at a research university, and system administration of our supercomputers falls under my team's responsibilities. What ours supercomputer do is simulation. They simulate things like chemicals interactions, nuclear reactions, electronic systems, and many other things. In many areas of research, it is a lot c... | [
"Nope. What do you imagine they were doing? Calculating an orbit isn't any harder (actually, much easier) than playing Angry Birds."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does Italy regard it's history in terms of their involvement in WW2 different from their "ally" Germany? | [
"Because at one point during the war (1943) the Italian King had Mussolini arrested and at this point Italy was not part of the Axis (Germany, Italy and Japan) anymore. Germany, from an ally became an invading force of Italy. Also, the anti-Jewish laws were repealed by the new Badoglio government while the war was ... | [
"From learning about the build up to WW1, a lot of the conversation was not specifically Germany’s fault but a growing tension amongst multiple Europe powers, that resulted in a powder keg waiting to explode. For WW2, the rise of theNazi party can be discussed without being tied to the idea of modern Germany. Ther... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about History:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about History:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
The Operation Teapot video is one of the craziest things I've seen. What exactly am I seeing? | [
"> but what are the \"eruptions\" coming from it? Was it detonated in the air? It was detonated on the top of a tall tower. The \"eruptions\" are the guy-wires that stabilized the tower being boiled into gas and plasma from the light of the explosion before the blast wave proper reaches them."
] | [
"I've seen quite a few of his movies and never found them even slightly interesting. What am I missing?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How does bioluminescence work? | [
"Chemical reactions but instead of releasing (like most of them) heat as energy, or even electricity they release photons aka light"
] | [
"How do you define your hints of schizophrenia?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
I read on reddit to get rid of a persons hicups ask them when are they going to pay you back for money they owe you when they really dont owe you. I tried it and it worked why? | [
"I once had someone cure my hiccups by asking me \"Hey, what color is eggplant? Do you see anything eggplant colored in this room?\" I looked around intently and couldn't find anything, and I told him no. He then asked me if they were gone, and sure enough, totally cured. I think something about the act of suddenly... | [
"I call this \"question rape\" Basically my girlfriend will go to work in the morning and say to me as I'm sleeping - Can you clean + Hoover ect and ofc I say yes I never remember saying yes and tell her off for question raping me"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How can they clone living animals? | [
"Well, most people use the word \"clone\" to mean something other than it actually is. I blame the popular sci-fi use of cloning to refer to creating an exact duplicate of a person, along with their memories and personality and such. In real life, cloning means to take the DNA of an animal, and create a new baby an... | [
"And more importantly how do I get one for myself?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about biology:"
} |
the difference between shampoo, conditioner, body soap, 2-in-1 and 3-in-1. | [
"Shampoo is a type of soap designed for your hair. It gets grease out of your hair. You should only shampoo your head. Don't put shampoo on the ends of your hair if you're a girl, it's too harsh and will damage your hair. Conditioner puts the life back in hair after being shampooed. It moisturizes it. Body soap is... | [
"Try using soap or body wash on your hair, it will make it dry, rough, and damaged. So, actually, don't do that. Using shampoo on your skin can cause it to become slimy because of the extra ingredients. In addition, they have a different pH level. Shampoo is more acidic. When you use body wash as shampoo, it will s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how does your brain decide you like/dislike a certain song? What influences that? And why do we all like different songs? | [
"Basically, it comes down to sensing versus perceiving. Generally everyone senses the same things the same way, from vision to taste, excluding those with sensory deprivations (colorblindness, deafness, etc.). Perceiving is a different story. It's all in your head. We attach meaning to different sensations. Like w... | [
"Short answer is \"because actually it's good - you just thought it was bad because everyone told you it was!\" and also \"actually it's bad, you just thought it was good because everyone else told you it was!\" So what makes a song bad? is it because nobody cool likes it? because it's cheesy? It's silly? These thi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How do LED thermometers work? | [
"Op are you talking about Laser Temperature Guns/thermometers?? (That tell the temp after pointing the device and laser at an object) If you are: the laser doesn't have anything to do with the temp, it just aligns the sensor that is located right next to the laser on the front of the device."
] | [
"When LED's were only available in a few colors, about all they were good for were indicator lights and such. Once they figured out how to make white LED's, this popularity boom was inevitable. And LED's are very power efficient, even more so than compact fluorescents."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Science and Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Science and Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How is the 3D effect created in movies? | [
"You need a second camera that is filming from a slightly different perspective, just like humans can see in three dimensions because they have two eyes set slightly apart. (In computer animation you can arbitrarily create a second perspective on a scene, so it's easier but it still requires extra rendering to prod... | [
"What if you want a printed version of what was said?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is sleep so comfortable shortly upon waking(especially when you have work/school/etc)? | [
"When you wake up in the morning, you get something called sleep inertia. It's the groggyness you feel up to two hours (usually half an hour) after you have woken up. It's a \"false\" kind of sleepy, which makes you want to stay in bed. This combined with how comfortable your warm, soft bed is, makes it so darn ha... | [
"Your body has no way of knowing that you are going straight back to bed when you move sleeping locales. This means that it interprets any increase in activity as most likely a long term thing because in most cases it is true (i.e you must have gotten out of bed because you saw a lion in the corner of your living r... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Sleep and its effects on the body:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Sleep and its effects on the body:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about Sleep and fatigue:"
} |
What would happen if an asteroid the size of the moon hit the earth? | [
"The asteroid that may have been responsible for the extinction of the dinosaurs had a diameter of about ~~170~~ 10-15 km. The moon has a diameter of about 3,500 kilometers. I'm not a scientist so I won't pretend to tell you exactly what will happen, but I think that it goes without saying this would be a catastrop... | [
"It's unlikely that we'll ever know for sure. But one theory is that something rather large hit the Earth in the distant past. It's possible that this collision is what created the moon."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
My grandparents live in a small town, where all of the older residents have a land line number that begins with the same three numbers. Why is it the same? | [
"Jesus christ, are you trying to make us feel old, OP? That's how ALL land line phone numbers used to work. If there was less than 10000 lines, they all belonged to the same exchange. You'd get 555-0000, next person got 555-0001, next person got 555-0002. You kids and your cell phones and skype and hoola hoops and ... | [
"At one point in time, pay phones had a little strip above the keypad which had its phone number. That’s just my memory of them from childhood. I don’t know that I’ve touched one as an adult. As for someone just magically knowing the number of the phone you’re walking by; probably the same way they know where you a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why Nuking a asteroid that is headed for Earth is not a good strategy. | [
"Nuking an asteroid would be like taping an M80 to a boulder. Some postgraduate students from Leicester University did the math on the asteroid used in Armageddon (awful movie) it would take 800,000,000,000,000 terajoules of energy to blow up that chunk of rock. The largest nuke mankind ever set off only put out 41... | [
"Even with all our technology there is very little we can do about the weather, its complex, energetic and global. Attempting to mess with the whether basically has 2 possible outcomes: nothing will happen, or somehting unpredictable and probably way worse will happen. As for leaving the planet, the closest star is... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why are Canada Geese called such instead of Canadian Geese? | [
"Because it's their name, not their nationality. If I live in New York, and my name is Bob France, you wouldn't call me French."
] | [
"Not every country does. Many nations use the Eagle as a symbol, but others use Lions, Flowers, or mythical creatures instead."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
With fight or flight, is there an effective way to overcome the freeze response? | [
"Training. Specifically, what is known as \"stress inoculation.\" This is why new recruits in the military have to complete tasks while being yelled at and generally messed with by their instructors- a crude imitation of the stress of combat. It's why high quality police training involves responding to crises amid... | [
"That would most probably be your body dumping adrenaline into your blood when something happens, the effect is almost instant. Part of the fight, flight, freeze, or fawn response."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Did Rob Ford actually help the city of Toronto? | [
"[Here's a good article that goes over the positive outcome for Toronto](_URL_0_) tl;dr: While Ford's campaign was based on \"stopping the gravy train\", he never found one. Gravy leaked out of small cracks in municipal government. Ford saved $100,000 here and there by combining depts, etc. Didn't see it mentioned ... | [
"You wanna tell Americans they can't do something? Good luck with that."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Science:"
} |
Why do basements/cellars tend to attract mold and mildew so much? | [
"A cellar is usually colder then the outside as it is kept dark and surrounded by cold dirt. Humidity is based on not only the amount of water in the air but also the temperature of the air. So when air gets down into the basement and gets cooled down its humidity increases. All life needs water to thrive. Basement... | [
"Could that smell possibly be mildew? Mildew (which describes a variety of household fungi) is common in the household, and loves damp fabric. It has a distinctive smell (which you'll probably notice before you see presence of the mildew). That's my bet. So dry your clothes promptly and thoroughly after washing the... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Is it possible to have more than one type of flu (bacterial or viral) running in your body at the same time? | [
"Just to clarify a little more... \"Flu\" does not just mean illness. It is specifically illness caused by *Influenza* viruses. In fact 'flu' is short for 'influenza'. The term \"bacterial flu\" is misleading because it means a bacterial infection occurring because your immune system has been weakened by the flu vi... | [
"Your immune system isn't weakened per say, but it is \"mounting\" an attack on the dead virus contained in the flu shot (ie. this is how a vaccine works), so you may develop flu-like symptoms in the process. This is especially apparent if this is your first time getting the flu shot."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
What is the difference between "Partly Cloudy" and "Partly Sunny" forecasts? | [
"Partly Cloudy means blue skies with some clouds Partly Sunny means a cloudy sky with some occasional sun"
] | [
"The notion was part of the prejudices and fantasies of ancient people. Anybody who even thinks the signs matter should read up on where the ecliptic of the solar system travels these days. This plane of the ecliptic determines where the sun \"resides\". For instance, astrologers will tell you that we are now at th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
When people go outside to take a breath of fresh air, why does that help calm them down? | [
"Going outside firstly removes the trigger and stimulus that's causing the stress - and so they can get out of an emotionally charged situation. Fresh air may also be a change in temperature, so they have a different physical response too, and that may help them breathe deeper, giving the stress hormones a chance t... | [
"It doesn't mean down as in depressed or sad. It's down as in relaxed and calm. A lot of people like being relaxed, especially if they have some kind of anxiety."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
I just read the Brian Banks story; Why are women who falsley accuse men of rape hardly ever if at all sent to prison? | [
"If they were proved, in a court of law, beyond a reasonable doubt, to have knowingly and falsely accused someone, they do get sent to prison."
] | [
"> women who make false rape accusations face charges? They usually do if it can be found out that they purposefully lied to the police. Prosecutors are often happy to charge the shit out of someone for filing knowingly false chargers against an assailant."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What does the term "too big to fail" mean? | [
"It's a commonly used phrase to mean \"this company is so big and does so much business that if it were to fail and go under, it would have massive negative effects on the economy as a whole.\" For example: We have a lot of banks in the US, but we have some *really really big* ones, too. When those banks started to... | [
"Let me answer that question with another question: what do you think \"lobbying\" is?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If your voice sounds higher than what it sounds like to you, how can you sing the correct pitch? | [
"Practice listening to yourself and *actually* hearing your own voice. Singing in a small, acoustically live room (like a bathroom) can help. I recommend purchasing some pvc pipe and making a small phone shape so that you can sing into one end and have it projected directly into your ear. I can almost certainly ass... | [
"Yes, the way our voice sounds to ourselves is not the same as how others hear it, but: 1. Pitch is basically unaffected. Imagine singing in the shower, in a large gymnasium, and then outside in your backyard. All are going to sound very different, but the pitch doesn't change. The timbre of the note changes - but ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are there no Grape flavored Yogurts? | [
"Chobani made a grape yogurt, but I don't think it sold very well. Grape and yogurt doesn't really mix in a way that is large scale marketable to consumers. Yogurt can be kind of sour, mixing that with grape is not a flavor many people can get behind."
] | [
"We're the only species who has invented stuff like Twinkies, Ho-Hos, Nutella, Toblerone, Reese's Pieces, sugar cane cola, macadamia nut ice cream, rocky road, cherry jam, Dr Pepper and honey chai latte."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Dentistry:"
} |
Why is tinfoil (aluminum foil) so heat resistant? | [
"Heat resistent in what way? If you refer to \"Why doesn't it melt\", simply because it's melting point is incredibly high, much higher than your grill can produce ((660.32 °C, 1220.58 °F). If you are instead refering to \"Why doesn't it get super hot to the touch\" then you're building on a wrong premise: it isn... | [
"While it may seem to be, plastic isn't quite water and airproof. Metals, on the other hand, are just that. The shiny layer is a very thin layer of metal (usually aluminium) meant to keep moisture and air out of the package to keep your chocolate bar as fresh as possible."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How exactly does alcohol get you "drunk" | [
"Alcohol is a chemical that affects almost every organ in the human body, but in particular it interferes with the brains' cells abilities to communicate with each other. If you drink alcohol faster than your liver and kidneys can process it, it begins to build up in the bloodstream and hence gets carried to your b... | [
"Alcohol inhibits the reception of a chemical called vassopressin, which is an anti-diarrhetic. It's why you keep peeing all the time when you're drunk. As a result, you get very dehydrated."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How do nuclear launch codes work exactly, and can just about anyone use it? | [
"This was covered in part by This American Life recently. _URL_0_ \"So, here's the thing about the codes that people don't realize. It's not like he has a piece of paper in his pocket. It's like, here are the nuclear codes. It doesn't work that way. How it works is, there's a military officer that walks around wit... | [
"If the president didn't know about them, how would we know about them? How would we know if any even exist if they are of that level of secrecy?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Politics:"
} |
Why do I always wake up early after a night of hard drinking? | [
"It also messes with your sleep cycle. I'm afraid I can't remember exactly how it goes about doing this, but I saw a documentary where the person who the sleep-scientists gave several large glasses of red wine ended up staying in REM and light sleep relatively longer, and only attaining deep sleep for a short time ... | [
"To anyone here trying to reply, I think the gist of the question is, why can I lounge around the weekend without eating, but when I have an exam on Monday, I feel like I'm starving at 11 am?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Sleep and fatigue:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Sleep and fatigue:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health:"
} |
Why are porn sites more likely to infect the user's computer with viruses than other sites? | [
"Impulse clicking. People are more likely to ignore warnings to see a naked chick than to read an insurance quote. The are also more likely to be embarrassed about what they were doing and not report it. Scammers know this, are are much more likely to use porn sites to deliver malware."
] | [
"There are several iOS viruses out there, but they are extremely hard to get because of the controls iTunes and Apple puts on distribution of apps, any apps which pose a weakness hazard to iOS gets removed almost immediately, if they ever make it into the shop at all. Your computer on the other hand doesn't have th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do loud noises seem to physically hurt? Is it all in our brain signals? Do deaf people feel pain from them? | [
"Pain is how our body signals to our brain that we're in a situation that's potentially causing us harm, so we're motivated to try to get out of that situation. Loud enough noises can physical damage your ear, and as a result, we've evolved so that somewhere before the threshold of damage to our delicate ear parts... | [
"A lot of nerves in your ear canal link to most of your body. Tickling them makes your blood pressure drop and thus leads to pleasure. At least that's what I read. Correct me if I'm wrong."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Health and wellness:"
} |
How do GBA ROMS actually work? How do people recode entire games from Game Boys and DS' to work on the computer? | [
"This is actually very straightforward. The ROMs are basically the software that's usually on the cartridge (or whatever medium). They don't get recoded to run on a PC (or android, or whatever). People use emulators that pretend to be a Gameboy or DS or whatever, and the ROM thinks it's running natively. And you... | [
"Because they weren't written for it. Though they appear similar, computers can be as different as consoles as time moves on. What you're asking is akin to \"Why can't I play Playstation 1 games on my PS4?\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How do carnivores like Tigers and Lions get enough nutrient balance by only eating meat? | [
"One, By eating things like blood, skin, organs, bones, etc. Obviously that animal they ate *contains all vitamins and minerals required for that prey animal to live* so consuming all, or most, of a prey animal will include a wider variety of vitamins and nutrients. Humans can do this too, for example fish liver o... | [
"No they do not need to eat vegetables. They cannot digest vegetables. Their digestive tracts (enzymes, gut bacteria, etc) cannot digest plant matter and extracts all nutrients that they need from meat. That is the definition of Carnivore. Herbivores on the other hand cannot digest meat, for the same reasons. Omn... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why does some food get freezer-burned while others don't? | [
"Packaging. I wrap my stuff in plastic wrap, then foil, then a ziplock baggie and I never get it."
] | [
"Why do I feel as though my bottles of water don't do this but instead just freeze normally in the freezer?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Pay-to-play politics | [
"It refers to how big donors get more access to politicians. If the average person contacts a national-level politician, they'll probably get a form letter reply from an intern. If someone who donated $20,000 contacts them, they'll get a call from the politician. High-level appointed positions are often given to bi... | [
"Net neutrality is what has kept this from happening: _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
when I want to type an apostrophe, I would hit the key next to the enter key on my keyboard and get this character ' but why does this alternate character ’ show up in text that I have copied off the web? Are they meant to be used interchangeably? | [
"The prevailing wisdom is ' should be used for feet or minutes, while the curlier ’ should be used as a quote or apostrophe."
] | [
"There are a lot of symbols not on a standard (US) keyboard that are fairly common to use (like, say, the symbol for the Euro). The number of keys on the keyboard have been pretty static over the years, only occasionally increasing (but usually to add functionality from the computer, rather than adding more symbols... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Nowadays most money is digital, what prevents a bank to edit its computer records with another trillion $? | [
"Digital money isn't just a number in a spreadsheet, it's an accounting of where the money came from. If there's no log showing that money was debited from one account and credited to another, it's not really there. Banks are regulated, audited, and taxed. Sure, a banker with enough seniority could probably create ... | [
"Theoretically yes, but since the banks hold records and things like balance sheet (money in - money out = 0), they can catch it easy. And from finding the account to arresting Bob, and eventually the hacker is not hard."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Technology:"
} |
How and why did the body associate tears with sadness? | [
"Without getting too technical, the short version is: When you are sad, your body released hormones(ACTH and Leu-enkephalin) through tears that can help you feel better(reduce stress and painkillers)."
] | [
"So what is it about human physiology that makes this work differently for us?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
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