query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1 value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why is there not an anonymous bit-torrent protocol? | [
"There is, sort of. It's called [Freenet](_URL_0_), but it can only be accessed using their client software (not your regular torrent client), and it is extremely, extremely slow. Proper anonymity is extremely difficult to achieve, especially in a peer-to-peer context like bittorrent."
] | [
"They don't (not yet at least). There is not currently a swlf-aware machine or piece of software."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why does a punch hurt even after I've been hit? | [
"Your body releases chemicals that cause your ions to discharge in your nerves, there are still residual effects and chemicals along side your nerves are still discharging ions basically waves of reaction after the hit."
] | [
"Actually, yes. The arteries going up to your brain have pressure sensing bodies in them; hit these just right and your body thinks the pressure is way too high, panics briefly, and drops the pressure going in. This means your brain doesn't get enough oxygen and you can get knocked out for a few seconds. I've had i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Do submerged submarines rock or bob? Why, why not? | [
"Most of the wave action is on the surface. So the bobbing and rolling that surface ships experience is minimal. There are still some currents under the surface that can push the sub around, plus as water is pumped into and out of the sub to cool various equipment the trim of the sub changes. Plus a perfectly neutr... | [
"it's the other way around. If we have a fever our temperature rises to combat it because our anti-bodies work better at higher temperatures. When I was younger I once asked my dad a question of a similar nature. Why do thermals form under clouds. I just couldn't work it out. Flip it around. Why do clouds form abov... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How do theatres get movies? | [
"These days, it's (almost) all digital. For the most production companies, they use \"DCP\" or Digital Cinema Package. This is a specially prepared / packaged harddrive (in a fancy plastic enclosure) that is shipped/couriered to the theatre. The content on the drive is encrypted. It is transferred to the theatre's... | [
"Critics get to see review showings of movies before they're released to general audiences in the theaters."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why do cats love seafood so much? | [
"For cats, protein is essential to their diets. They're carnivores, afterall. Fish is a great source of protein and cats are attracted to foods high in protein. In fact, cats can't even taste \"sweetness\" - only \"savory\" flavors. This helps them avoid fruit and berries."
] | [
"Do you also cough when eating popsicles and frankfurters/hot dogs? If so, it might be your technique."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it that when I'm trying to sleep, and someone has left the window in the room next door open, that the draft slams the door closed, opens it again, then slams it again, ad infinitum until I get up and close the bloody window. | [
"Air from outside strikes the window. Since it's not locked, it can move, and thus opens. This is like blowing air out of your mouth against a napkin: it moves away. Once the window or door is open, air travels through it, and the [Bernoulli effect](_URL_0_) (\"the faster a liquid or gas flows, the lower the pressu... | [
"Air pressure. My house has really weird pressure. I can close a door on one end of the house, and if the garage door isn't latched right, it'll open and then SLAM shut."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
What is the difference between a soundtrack and a score? | [
"A soundtrack is the compilation of all the sounds in a movie: the dialogue, the sound effects, and the music. The music includes original music made for the movie, or the songs chosen from existing material. The score is the original or adapted music made for the movie. The film's composer creates the music to cor... | [
"It has a few different meanings in different contexts. What setting are we talking about?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about finance:"
} |
How does my body clear alcohol out of my system, and what actually is a hangover? | [
"When you drink alcohol, it passes through your liver where it reacts with enzymes that metabolize it into things our body can eliminate more easily. First, it is converted to acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase, and then to acetic acid by aldehyde, which then is turned to acetyl CoA by ACSS2, and then it enters ... | [
"Your liver requires a lot more fluid to filter out the alcohol in your blood. Or something to that extend."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are there "old, abandoned castles"? If I was rich, I would kill to refurbish one and live in it. But it seems nobody wants them | [
"Because if you were rich and decided to refurbish and live in an old abandoned castle you would find yourself becoming considerably less rich with the amount of money it would cost you to do so. It would cost a LOT of money to refurbish most of those castles, and then you would constantly be spending money on it's... | [
"Churches become abandoned when the flock leaves. Maybe they found a new church to go to and no one wanted to buy the old one, so the owner (usually the ministry at large) just locks it up and leaves it. Hospitals become abandoned for largely the same reason, they find a new hospital and just lock up the old one. O... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why is the Filibuster still legal? Are there any actual redeeming factors to it? | [
"The problem isn't the Filibuster, it's that the filibuster is being abused. What you're seeing with Rand Paul is EXACTLY what the Filibuster is supposed to be. You hold up Senate business because there is an issue you feel extremely strong about and want to draw attention to it. The problem is that the filibuster ... | [
"Because Americans have the right to not vote if they choose to do so. Denying them that right is an infringement on their freedoms. The possibility exists that there is no \"good\" candidate in your eyes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why can my internet easily load a 1080p YouTube video but then struggle to load a _URL_0_ stream on low quality? | [
"When you download or stream something off of the internet, you have your own connection line and you are connecting to a server with its own connection line, the maximum speed of this connection is as fast as the slowest line. In most cases, you have the slowest line, because most websites are hosted in dedicated ... | [
"I have an additional and releated question to this, why is it that the twitch app can stream flawlessly but the chat stops working after like 30 seconds?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Technology:"
} |
Why do towels absorb the water | [
"It is caused by Capillary action (sometimes capillarity, capillary motion, or wicking). Capillary action is the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of, and in opposition to, external forces like gravity. The effect can be seen in the drawing up of liquids between the hairs of a pain... | [
"Why do I feel as though my bottles of water don't do this but instead just freeze normally in the freezer?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What mechanism of action gives marijuana it's psychedelic effects? | [
"I don't have quite the answer you want, but it's worth noting that THC is only one of more than 20 cannabinoids found in weed. Acetylcholine and serotonin are also affected."
] | [
"The \"runners high\" is a real thing, and not just from running, from most any intense exercise. The body generates high amounts of anandamide during/ after exercise. It's a natural cannabinoid made by the body, that has somewhat similar effects to THC, the main chemical in marijuana, that makes people feel \"high... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why does video on my HD TV always look awesome and flawless, but video on my HD laptop is always buffering and looks crappy? | [
"The quality of video isn't determined by the quality of the screen you view it on. It's based on the quality of the original video file. For example, you might watch a Blu-Ray on your TV, which has a bitrate of around 35Mbps. However, if you're watching Netflix in HD on your computer, it has a maximum bitrate of a... | [
"Because the video you send is not the same video you recorded. It's NOT about the transfer degrading the quality, it's about actual different files. I just did a test and recorded a very clear, nice-looking horizontal video on an iPhone, uploaded it in HD to YouTube and sent it to my Android. The iPhone version wa... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Brianne Altice was just sentenced to "two to thirty" years in prison for sexually abusing students in Utah. How is such a wide range of sentencing possible? | [
"She plead guilty to [Forcible Sexual Assault](_URL_0_), which carries a sentence of 1 to 15 years per violation. \"Judge Kay gave Altice three 1 to 15 year sentences, two to be served consecutively and one concurrently for a total of 2 to 30 years.\" [Source](_URL_1_). Since she's serving one of the charges concur... | [
"Because they are convicted of multiple crimes, each one is bad enough on its own to earn a life sentence. This way, if one of the counts is overturned later, they still serve life for the others."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Law and Justice:"
} |
Why are the disposable batteries cannot be recharged? And what makes the difference between disposable and rechargeable batteries? | [
"Yo ho ho! Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: Why can't you recharge a disposable battery? ](_URL_4_) 1. [ELI5: Why can't you recharge regular batteries? ](_URL_2_) 1. [ELI5: How do rechargeable batteries work? ](_URL_6_) 1. [ELI5: The difference between Normal, and Rechargeable b... | [
"Nope. Not always anyway. The memory effect was a phenomenon in NiCd and NiMH type rechargeable batteries. Most batteries these days use Li-Ion, which is actually harmed by doing full depletion cycles."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How did it come to be that beer cans and bottles in Europe are typically 500ml, and in the US/Canada they're 355ml and 341ml, respectively? | [
"America is dumb and hasn't switched to the correct measurement system like they should have 50 years ago. Source, am American"
] | [
"The rest of the world calls that 1/3 of a litre. Or almost. Probably a bit off so it's exactly 12fl oz. In any case: normal soda cans have 330ml (or 0.33 litres) in them. There are also a lot of 0.5l beer cans. Everything above that is usually in plastic bottles."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do Magic the Gathering cards have different prices and why do they change so often? | [
"I don't play Magic so I could be completely wrong, but from what I understand there are new sets of cards/rules released every 3 months or so. With each release the strength and value of all the existing cards change. Also, particular deck builds sometimes rise and fall in popularity. So if a certain deck becomes... | [
"You buy and sell in-game items. Some are common and worth less, some are rare and worth more. Is there a specific question?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why can I search the whole internet in 0.58 sec but it takes over a minute to search a folder on my hard drive? | [
"Google doesn't search the whole internet for you when you enter a query. It searches a massive high-availability database stored on Google servers. The database is created by webcrawling, an automated process that goes out and *actually* searches the web, but takes a lot longer than a regular Google search. On the... | [
"So, I've read a lot of the answers, most of them are saying similar things. Where does it save the vide on your computer? For example, if I have less than a GB of space left on my computer, why can I still watch a several-minute HD video on YouTube without running out of space?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When MMA fighters do choke holds people pass out but strangulation is silent way to kill someone. Where is the threshold between making someone pass out and killing someone by physically cutting of their air supply. | [
"Most martial arts chokes work by restricting blood flow, not air. The result is the same though, the victim passes out because the brain isn't getting oxygen. The brain can survive up to ten minutes without oxygen, but after 3-4 severe damage is likely. Luckily for sport purposes unconsciousness usually occurs in ... | [
"It severs the spinal cord, which prevents the brain from sending any signals to the rest of the body. Your lungs will be unable to take in air, your heart will immediately stop beating, and your brain will run out of oxygen very quickly. It's the same way that hanging works when done properly. Snaps the neck, does... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why doesn't ground beef need to be cooked well done anymore? | [
"The process of industrially grinding meat introduces bacteria, hence the need to cook it. The middle of steak hasn't been exposed to bacteria, so you don't need to cook it. Restaurants that serve burgers medium grind the meat themselves in sanitary conditions, so there is no need to cook it the entire way through.... | [
"So pork has an issue of tape worm inside the meat. Unless it's cooked to 140-145F then the worms can hatch. As for chicken the bacteria can penetrate the flesh, so it has to be cooked high enough all the way through. The bacteria in beef don't penetrate, so it doesn't have to be cooked as hot. Beef can be eaten ra... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How would raising the minimum wage to $10.10 affect workers who already make $10-13 an hour? | [
"When my girlfriend had been working at pizza hut for approximately 4 years. she had earned a $2 raise putting her at $10/h (this was due to her being promoted to a manager position. Then the minimum wage went up from $8/h to $10/h. Suddenly she was making the same amount as the brand new employees. Pizza hut refu... | [
"That would only be the case if wages were the highest cost of a product. This is not always the case. This article sums it up well. If Walmart raised its average wage from current 8.75 an hour to 12 an hour, prices would only go up 1.1 percent. _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How come you can tell someone's height without any point of reference? | [
"Because we use the height of their head from chin to top as a means to then calculate roughly how many of their heads will stack up to their height. Depending on how many we count determines roughly how tall they are to us in the picture."
] | [
"Because you have nothing to compare the size of the room to. Works both ways, bigger or smaller, you have no reference to put spatial awareness to. Stick a bed in the room, and suddenly there is a reference"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
why aren't the arrow keys on the left of the keyboard? | [
"Because the current keyboard layout was developed before the mouse, let alone before modern first-person shooters. Lots of people use computers for things other than games as well. To add, even if the direction keys *were* on the other side, most gamers would still use WSAD or something similar because of the numb... | [
"Highlight something in the dropdown and hold shift and press Delete. not sure about the entire history, though."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why don't cities plant fruitbearing trees on publicly owned streets instead of purely ornamental trees we typically see? | [
"Because the uneaten fruit would fall off and rot. Anything not eaten or removed would bring rodents and pests. Most fruit bearing trees also require a pretty hefty amount of tending to, as well. Also, to be honest, I really wouldn't want to eat a fruit that's grown off of a public tree like that, I imagine it'd ne... | [
"\"Lawn\" started centuries ago as a way for rich people to show how rich they were, by using their land for something useless rather than for crops. It does help with run-off, as other posts have said, but it is primarily a status thing. Many other (native) plants can be used to control run-off, and for a lot che... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why do the largest US cities have the poorest public school programs? | [
"There have been a few pockets of uncivil comments in this thread that have been removed. Please follow the rules and keep it civil and be respectful or the thread will be locked."
] | [
"Heavily debated (sometimes by less than reputable people) but the general consensus is no, it has more to do with the fact that the majority of black people and Arabs live in poor regions of the world with sub-par education which leads to lower average intelligence from a global point of view."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Can someone explain XOR to me? It means exclusive OR normally in coding. | [
"To satisfy AND, you have to have both of the criteria. To satisfy OR you need AT LEAST one of the criteria, but for XOR you need to satisfy EXACTLY one of the criteria and can't have both. A simple example: Joe is male and 25, Bob is male and 30, Anne is female and 25. If we search for people who are \"male AND 25... | [
"Logic, I am serious. A calculator is a basic computer program. It does the math in Binary(16 bit) then translates it into decimal notation. So if we the user input 2+2 the calculator sees. 0010 + 0010 which equals 0100. It then knows to translate 0100 to four. If you want to see a diagram of the logic chart I can ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How are generations, Baby Boom, Lost, Gen X decided? | [
"It is just pop culture. Gen X came from a Douglas Coupland book that provided a good description of people's attitude at the time. Since then less creative people have tried to use Gen Y, Gen Z, etc. Pepsi tried Generation Next. I have heard the internet generation, saw a camera commercial trying to make it the im... | [
"Gen X are the post Baby Boomers: 1960's - early 1980's. Gen Y/Millenials: Early 1980's- Early 2000's"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What makes gravity 'go'? | [
"We don't know yet. Science hasn't worked out the mechanism by which an increase in mass affects other objects. Yet. We know lots about how gravity behaves, obviously, but not enough about how it actually works. --- edit: this thread has turned into a farce, congrats for shit-posting all over the place /u/RobusEtCe... | [
"Atoms are not smaller than photons. Why would you say they are?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Science:"
} |
If the President of the United States wants to barbecue while in office, where does he do it? | [
"Most likely the third floor promenade, outside the Sun Room [_URL_0_](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"They can do any number of things: * On state visits, the host leader and guest leader will bring up issues of importance to either country—either things that they feel both countries should work on, or one issue that one country has with the other. In the latter case, nothing too major, since that sours the trip a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why do we decorate Christmas trees? | [
"Decorating a pine tree with shiny ornaments isnt a Christian thing. It's a Pagan cultural thing to celebrate the winter solstice by decorating the home with evergreen clippings. When the Christians took over, they told the converting Pagans to keep on the traditions but just now it represents Christ."
] | [
"Many people decorate for Thanksgiving (fall wreaths on doors, fall/turkey/pilgrim decorations put out). They also decorate for Easter, 4th of July, memorial day, veterans day, St. Valentine's day, St. Patrick's day, and due to the fact that many towns have festivals on Labor day you can say that they decorate for ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does viewing porn tend to make people horny, but watching someone eat doesn't make people really hungry? | [
"Clearly you've never watched *Diners, Drive-Ins, and Dives* late at night."
] | [
"Because they activate the part of the brain that wants to hunt. When you hunt you shouldn't feel hungry or you're distracted so the appetite is suppressed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do we continue drinking alcohol, when it continually causes problems for everyone? | [
"Prohibition caused even more problems so they had to give the booze back. Meanwhile, special interests have been pressuring the government to control alternative intoxicants to protect their various interests for about a century which has led to so many other prohibitions. A lot of these other substances have smal... | [
"It just has a bad reputation due to affiliations with crime. Alcohol however, somehow got affiliated with good times. People generally fear the unknown too, and most people are ignorant about weed but know a lot about alcohol..."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
When you cut something in half, why can't you simply put it back together? What once held it together that no longer can? | [
"For metals, it's a fine layer of oxygen and nitrogen that separate them. If you cut the metals in half in a vacuum however, they will stick right back together."
] | [
"The really small scale world works very differently than our human sized world, so don't feel bad if it doesn't seem to make intuitively sense. Atoms make up stuff, like Lego blocks make stuff. Except imagine that the Lego blocks are held together by rubber bands. If you break a large Lego structure, the rubber ba... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do downloads often stop at 99% before finishing? | [
"Three possible reasons: **1. File integrity verification:** Your computer performs an operation on the data you downloaded and compares the result to a checksum. If answer and checksum do not match, the data is corrupt. This is how your computer tells if your file's data is a completely correct copy. **2. Uncompr... | [
"By splitting up how much of the file get set at once. Say the movie you are downloading is marked into 3 different parts and you stop the download half way through the second part then, when you resume the download, a request is sent to the server to start the download from the start of part 2."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
A modern GPU has Billions of Transistors, how do they not break at the slightest shake? | [
"For the same reason you can shake a book, or drop it off a 10 story building, and none of the words come loose from the page. The transistors in a CPU (or any solid state device) are printed directly on the substrate."
] | [
"Usually both - Designers are constantly trying to make the processors more efficient, improving the rate at which calculations and operations are done, while Manufacturers are constantly trying to fit more transistors on the same sized chips so more of the operations can be done per second."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why does fire always point up? | [
"Hot air rises because it is less dense than cold air (Like how a helium balloon rises). The air in a flame is hotter than the surrounding air, so tries to rise. The flame rises with it until it cools enough to no longer glow. Then, it is just hot air rising some more!"
] | [
"Why do people get hurt in house fires? Can't they just walk out of the building?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why doesn't solid material, when it breaks simply connect back together? What kept it together that is gone now? | [
"As soon as you break molecules apart they immediately want to stick to something, and they'll take anything that fits. For example diamonds are actually covered with a layer of hydrogen atoms, as soon as you break diamond apart the parts will immediately cover themselves with hydrogen from the air (when you touch ... | [
"You would be dead. Molecular bindings would be broken, causing the body to fall apart. It's not because there's much empty space between atoms, that something can pass through it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How can the entire world be in debt? | [
"Most *governments* are in debt to their *people*. For example, the United States is primarily in debt to American bondholders, from individuals to for-profit corporations and retirement funds. Only a portion of government debt in each country is held by other countries."
] | [
"Because it is worth a lot of money to the government!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How are sinkholes repaired? | [
"First they try to block off the route by which material was being eroded away (such as a hole at the bottom), and if possible, block the entry of water flow into the area. Then they literally just fill the hole with stuff, and cover it up. [Details here.](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"Step 1: Contractor comes and collects them. Step 2: Material is either autoclaved and incinerated or simply incinerated. Step 3: Resulting material is formed into hot dog shapes and sold to tourists on 5th Ave."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do car keys wirelessly lock/unlock only your car? | [
"They transmit a digital code which only your car responds to. They're actually rather more clever than that, because you could record this code and play it back to open a car that isn't yours - codegrabbing - so they change the code each time but in a sequence which the keyfob and the car know but which isn't obvi... | [
"You don't need the key in the ignition for all of them, just the older ones. Newer push-button starters only need the key fob in range of the sensor in the car."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What exactly is a neutrino? | [
"It's a kind of fundamental particle. Neutrinos are very small, even compared to most other fundamental particles. They have no electrical charge, so they don't *do* much—they kind of just speed through the universe (and your body). Every so often one of them will manage to get close enough to the nucleus of an ato... | [
"Are you asking what caused the Big bang? No one knows."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How did cavemen eat fresh meat and fruit, had things such as fire available, knew how to fight, and had even some plant remedies, yet their lifespan was only of about 35 years? | [
"That's the average lifespan, not the actual lifespan of any given person. Back then there was a very high amount of infant mortality - the very young died a lot. This brings down the average considerably. But for anyone back then who lived past say, 10 years old, there's a really good chance they'd make it to 50, ... | [
"They did get bad eyes historically. Humans also tended to live shorter lives too. So middle age was much sooner than the ~ middle aged humans today of 35-45 years old. Sunglasses are tools we have invented to make our lives easier and longer- like the usage of animal skins to protect us from wind and rain, sungl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why can't people just run away from a wildfire? | [
"\"Wildfires have a rapid forward rate of spread (FROS) when burning through dense, uninterrupted fuels. They can move as fast as 10.8 kilometres per hour (6.7 mph) in forests and 22 kilometres per hour (14 mph) in grasslands.\" Thats too fast to maintain for any reasonable amount of time. The fire can simply catch... | [
"Isn't it just another way to take your mind off it?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Health:"
} |
Why does my breath smell so bad in the mornings? | [
"You're dehydrated, and mouth bacteria thrive in dryness. When you go to sleep, your salivary glands stop moistening your mouth, and these drier conditions allow bacteria to multiply, and in turn, start crapping everywhere. This is also why Mouthwash will make your breath smell nice at first, but make it smell like... | [
"Don't they say if your urine smells of sugar puffs you should get checked for diabetes?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are males naturally attractive without make-up? | [
"Because we are conditioned to believe that girls need make up to be attractive, not to mention that women have used make up for a long time creating a \"norm\""
] | [
"Asian men are far less attractive to White women than Asian women are to White men."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
So if Einsteins theory of GR toppled Newton's theory of gravity and its effect on matter, making it seem almost incorrect, why is it still being taught at school as basic fundamental physics? | [
"Newton's theory was a very very good approximation. And it still is. It's not like the laws of physics have changed since then. General Relativity is probably wrong too. But it's an even better approximation than Newton's theory is. It's also more complicated, so if you don't need it then using it is a waste of ti... | [
"If their model is incorrect, then eventually there will be a time when experimental results do not concur with the theoretical results. At that point, the scientific community will look for a new model and theory that better explains the situation. If there is never a difference in result, then the model would jus... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do people (Soldiers, Police, Government Agents) always seem to duck when approaching a helicopter? | [
"Have you ever approached a helicopter with the blades still turning? The blade might be between 50-100cm above your head, but it's just a natural tendency to want to duck just in case. I call it The Highlander Reflex - you instinctively want to stop your head coming away from your body."
] | [
"You should not shoot people unless they are threatening you. If you don't know who the shooter is, don't do something that could endanger those near you. If you see someone shooting people, that's your bad guy."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
The Google stock drop. Why it happened, what it means, and what are the consequences. | [
"Google failed to meet expectations for how much money they were going to earn this quarter. Now the stock has dropped. This could mean two things: 1. If this trend continues and they make even less money next quarter, you'd have a problem. Especially if you bought stock 2. This is a buying opportunity, and when t... | [
"Markets hate uncertainty And that's what this ruling has introduced - uncertainty. The case now needs to go to the Supreme Court which could keep or throw out the ACA, both will have different impacts on insurance companies. People generally pull some money out or hedge their position when an investment has uncert... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why have people freaked out so much that Valve+Bethesda wanted to take 75% of mod revenue, but not that Valve takes 30% from an indie game that someone entirely made themselves? | [
"Honestly, part of it is mass hysteria (we all love to conform in someway) and part of it is this is the first time a lot of otherwise ignorant people have stopped and thought about the fairness of how Steam (and any online publishing company - looking at you, Google) goes abouts its business. Is 30% worth the publ... | [
"Valve has to clear such sales with the publishers who are making the money from those sales. If your wondering how these sales work: Game X costs $10 but only sells 5 copies a week. I cut the price to $2 and now it sells 50 copies a week. I am going to make more money despite the price being lower. Valve knows thi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What changed in the U.S. between 1820 and 1860 that led to an inability to compromise and the civil war? | [
"The northern states started to develop a somewhat modern industrial sociery, so being paid for their work was all that a lot of people had. They thus became unwilling to *compromise* over slavery; the concept of owning people and not paying them for their work was just horribly offensive. The southern states could... | [
"As the north became more industrialized the south became more and more a one crop economy-cotton- which depended heavily on slave labor to be popular. Balancing the needs of two such different economic systems became almost impossible especially as most of the newer states were free states. So yes, it was about sl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why is Planned Parenthood allowed to endorse candidates for political office? | [
"The political activities aren't handled by PP itself, but by an affiliated 501(c)4 organization that is permitted to participate in political advocacy. The organization doing the political work isn't the organization getting the tax funding."
] | [
"It's an election year, and by focusing on issues that conservatives favor, they can get more of them involved in the political process, donating money, and voting for conservative candidates for office."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
ELI 5: why does my iPhone get slower each time a new iPhone or software update comes out? | [
"Because each new update uses more and more power that your phone does not have. They do this A: to advance technology and compete with other companies and B: to make you feel like your phone is slow so you go buy another"
] | [
"So basically, your phone may shut off its components, but like a computer motherboard, there is a little battery *specifically* used to keep time even when the phone or iPod is powered off. So, yeah. What kind of iPod do you have by the way? I have a 4th gen touch, and it does not keep track when it dies."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
. Why are batteries put into devices facing opposite directions? Why aren't they facing the same direction? | [
"It's easier to make a series circuit when the opposite poles are right next to each other. Less circuitry required."
] | [
"AC stands for alternating current. The flow goes one way, then the other way, really fast. The device is receiving alternating no matter which way you plug it in."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What's inside public commercial electric vehicle DC fast charger (50kW < ) that makes it cost $30k or more? | [
"A rectifier and DC power supply rated for 50+KW. That's a rather high power piece of kit, you can't make it with Radio Shack diodes. That device consumes twice the power needed to trip the mains breaker on your house."
] | [
"Bigger battery pack. That costs money. The battery pack alone on a Tesla costs more than other whole cars. The replacement pack costs around 30k"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about technology:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about technology:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How did the first person to interact with a new language go about learning / interpreting that language? | [
"To put it simply I imagine it happened through immersion like [this scene from The 13th Warrior](_URL_0_) or the way it's portrayed in any other movie: pick up object and say what it is slowly, then the person whose language you're struggling to learn says their word for it, then mimic what they said, repeat until... | [
"If I just follow a list of instructions of how to speak Chinese, instead of actually understanding what I'm doing, am I intelligent? Do I actually understand Chinese?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How cutting/slicing works atomically? | [
"...If you split an atom, you'd get a fission bomb. (What blew up Hiroshima). Interestingly enough though, Atom comes from the Greek meaning 'impossible to cut'...because of people thinking about this question in exactly the same manner. Easy answer: There are two kinds of cutting, sharp and serrated cuts. Sharp ar... | [
"What do you mean? Your question needs to be a bit more specific. Are you asking what it is? Or how it's set? Or how the payments are made?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why no pork in fast food? | [
"Just show up for breakfast. In the US, pork absolutely dominates the breakfast meat market. Just go to your favorite fast food restaurant, and see how many pork options there are at breakfast. You'll find few, if any, chicken or beef options."
] | [
"People absolutely do figure out what fast food items are made from. Heres kfc: _URL_1_ An in n out burger: _URL_2_ Popeyes chicken: _URL_0_ I'm sure theres a lot more, these are just ones I remember."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
how do bottle return centers make money when wherever you go, you only get 5 cents for them? | [
"They don't. Customers pay the 5 cent (or 10 cent, if you live in Michigan) deposit when they buy the bottled/canned beverage in the first place. When they return the bottles, they're getting their deposit back. Also, it's the law."
] | [
"A friend of mine who owns a recycling business said this is stupid and that the tabs are no more dense than the cans. Also, aluminum is like 50 cents a pound don't expect to actually raise good money recycling. They just want the kids to feel like they're accomplishing something."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
What is the difference between 2.4ghz and 5ghz on a dual-band wifi router? | [
"At a basic level use 2.4 for when you're far away from the router (sacrifice speed for distance) and use 5 for when you're close (sacrifice distance for speed). Multiple devices can connect on each band without interference. The only time I've seen bad interference is at a trade show when hundred of access points... | [
"Do you live in a high-density area? How many Wi-Fi networks are visible from your phone? If it's more than 3, you likely are getting interference from other networks, which causes packet loss which causes slowdowns. Your Galaxy S5 supports dual-band Wi-Fi, so if you get a dual-band router, you can set up a network... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
"Save water, Save life?." How my saving little bit of water going to help, people in drought stricken area? | [
"It isn't. If you live in an area with abundant water, you can use as much as you like. But you might not realize that you do live in an area without abundant water. Scientists and government officials monitor the 'water table', or how far you have to dig down to find water underground. In a lot of places, the wate... | [
"All rain helps for any drought, goes without saying. However, with the years of impact with this major drought, it will take years of normal rain & snow pact to replenish back to \"normal\". Snow pact up in the Sierra's is main factor in supplying with water. Even in best of seasons, it can be stressful what with... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why are the majority late night shows left leaning? | [
"I don't know for sure, but I am guessing that it is because, like most entertainment, late night shows are based in large coastal cities which tend to be left leaning. Another thing is that it is easier to make a joke by mocking or being negative towards something. For that reason it is easier to make comedy again... | [
"Because they're different. Why do UK late night talk shows only air once a week?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is Russia being considered a major threat to the west today? | [
"Russia remains very large and very powerful (and with nukes) and a leadership that, as examplified by the incidents in Ukraine, is willing to use its military to expand and won't submit to international pressure. It's a very dangerous combination to western nations."
] | [
"Russia does not have a good track record when it comes to telling the truth. Why start believing them now?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why do some people feel carsickness? How does it occur? | [
"Motion Sickness: Inner Ear: Guys, we're moving! Eyes: No, we're not. Skin: I'm not feeling any air motion. Inner Ear: Yes, we are. Eyes: You're a moron; we're not moving. Inner Ear: What are you, blind? We're totally moving. Eyes: WTF dude, we're clearly not moving. Inner Ear: YES, WE ARE. Eyes: FUCK YOU.... | [
"A lot of nerves in your ear canal link to most of your body. Tickling them makes your blood pressure drop and thus leads to pleasure. At least that's what I read. Correct me if I'm wrong."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Health and wellness:"
} |
Why dont cameras with circular lenses take circular photos? | [
"Because the sensor is rectangular, the fact that the lens is due to manufacturing costs, the sensor inside is what determines the aspect ratio of the image, usually 4:3 or 3:2."
] | [
"I'm not a camera pro, but basically: A smartphone camera lense or even a Go pro doest have 1/10th of a cinema camera quality. There is much more than resolution and megapixels when it comes to cameras. Why does some 8mp phone camera does a better job than some 13mp ones? Same stuff. Lense, picture processing, etc.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How is it cheaper to lobby a foreign government, permit and build 1400 miles of pipeline and assume risk and liability of it than for Canada to refine their own crude? | [
"Because Canada has little to no refining capacity as it is. Also, the tar sands where they extract their oil is in Northern Alberta which is pretty much in the middle of nowhere. For Canada to develop their capacity they would need to build their own pipeline to a coast and then build their own refineries. So why ... | [
"Another thing to consider is the the oil will be sent overseas so the only discount we will see would be the minuscule one from the added supply to the global market. Some people claim that since it is our oil that we should reap the benefits. The jobs added would just be for building of the pipeline and are often... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Economics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Economics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
When archeologists dig deeper into the ground to uncover buildings and objects from the past, what is burring/building on top of them to put them so deep? Where is all of this earth coming from? | [
"It depends on the location and environment. If the site was an ancient village or town that was abandoned and left to the environment, then over time nature would reclaim it. Anything that wasn't quickly degradable would be covered up by dirt, plants, grass, trees. Wind and water can easily build up dirt and engul... | [
"Many of those bones/skeletons have been buried for thousands of years. That is a lot of time for scavengers and changing conditions to disturb the body. Alternatively maybe the animal in question was killed and butchered, in which case not all the body parts were necessarily buried in the same time at the same pla... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do humans have to chew their food so thoroughly when many other animals can just gulp down their dinner? | [
"Carnivores vs omnivores/herbivores. Cows not only chew more than we do, they regurgitate and chew their food *again*. Vegetable matter requires mastication to increase surface area and release nutrients. Protein and fat, cartilage, tendon, etc. don't have cell walls so they basically dissolve in the acidic environ... | [
"A lot of animals don't have great digestive systems - most of the nutrients pass right through their body. In order to get those nutrients, the animal has to process the food more than once. Some animals, like cows, barf up the food to chew it several times before swallowing again. Other animals, like rabbits, jus... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Do Islamic women also believe in the notion of having 72 virgins in heaven? | [
"That's still being disputed among those of the Islamic faith, with some attributing it to a bad translation. Shia Islam doesn't even include the controversial hadith that mentions 72 \"virgins\"."
] | [
"While they are commonly referred to as virgins, they are actually *houris*. Beautiful, deferential, heavenly beings that each believer receives...the more righteous the believer, the more they get. They are \"pure\" and for the exclusive use of that believer, which is why they are simplistically referred to as vir... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Is Antarctica stuck at the south pole? | [
"The antartic tectonic plate is generally rotating slightly towards the east and moving towards the Atlantic Ocean. I don't know the answer to your mantle convection question. However it is possible that eventually (geologically speaking so we're talking potentially billions of years) antartica could move between A... | [
"Under the arctic ice? No. The arctic is over the ocean. Antarctica however is over a continent."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How come solid butter is white, and melted butter is yellow? | [
"Most solid butters I've seen have been yellow. But I believe that is because they add yellow colouring to it"
] | [
"They (generally) take regular butter and whip it and/or add some type of oil that is liquid at room temp. So the butter can be easier to spread because there are tiny air bubbles interspersed throughout, it is softened by being mixed with a “softer” oil, or both. I’m not talking about “butter flavored spreads” he... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What was so controversial about the Reagan administration? | [
"He backed governments in Central America that did some bad things. They killed men, women, and children and buried them in mass graves. Reagan denied that such graves existed. Later it turned out they did exist."
] | [
"Follow up: What *were* his reasons for siding with the British?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
The logic behind the phrase "I'll give you 3 guesses and the first two dont count?" | [
"It's just an expression. It's meant to imply that the answer is so obvious that you'll only need one guess to get it right."
] | [
"Comments such as \"A five year old wouldn't ask that.\" and \"I'll tell you when you're older, Timmy.\" should be outright deleted."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Appreciation:"
} |
What exactly causes animals to sometimes go berserk on humans they have bonded with their whole life? | [
"One of the big differences between \"domesticated\" and \"wild\" animals that we've bred into them is acceptance of the social order and relationships. For example dogs accept that you are the top dog when they are small, and you stay the top dog. Wolves don't have that bred into/out of them, so they will occasion... | [
"Honestly? Who knows? We have no way of knowing the mind of an animal. I have seen videos of a fox with it's head stuck in a jar, approaching some humans to help it out, then run away, I've seen some swans that were tangled up with each other come to humans for help. Then again if an animal is in a trap, it is hurt... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is keeping a cell phone in your pocket potentially harmful you? | [
"Short Version: It's not Long Version: It's nooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooot. ELI5 Version: Your cellphone isn't harmful in the same way the skin doesn't melt off your face every time you microwave a burrito. The radiation isn't strong enough to be harmful. Your average ejaculate contains MILLIONS of sperm cel... | [
"Your teacher is an idiot. Talk to a doctor about the best way to beat a type of cancer. That being said, a diet high in vegetables and low in red meat would lower your chances of getting cancer in the first place."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why can't water catch on fire? | [
"the same reason carbon dioxide can't catch on fire: it's already fully burned. the oxygen in water is already joined to the two hydrogen atoms, and this is a very stable situation for the oxygen. so there's no free oxygen, which is one of the things you have to have to have a fire."
] | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do skunks and cannabis seem to have a similar smell? | [
"The chemicals that \"give off\" the smell you are noticing belong to a group called \"terpenes\". Various terpenes are found all throughout nature and are the reason you are reminded of one item's scent by the other. I would venture a guess that a skunk and \"Skunk\" share a common or similar terpene. Limonene, fo... | [
"Humans developed a revulsion to the smell of feces to help us stay clear of it to avoid getting sick. Dogs developed a tolerance to the bacteria in feces. Two solutions to the same problem. Aren't you glad wasn't the other way around?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Besides being catchy, why do songs get stuck in our heads? | [
"I've been told that songs we can relate to are ones we tend to favor. If we can think of ourselves as the subject in a song, we have a tendency to like it more."
] | [
"Music is especially made to be memorable and enjoyable. Phone numbers aren't. Listening to it over and over again plays a large part. It's also generally easier to remember words rather than numbers. That's just how the mind is."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Cognitive psychology:"
} |
How does Wi-Fi on an airplane work? | [
"Either by using satellites, [here](_URL_2_) you can see one example of what an satellite antenna can look like, or an [air-to-ground](_URL_3_) cellular network that's built to provide internet connectivity for airplanes."
] | [
"Portable WiFi hotspots use a cellular radio to access the Internet and a WiFi radio to form a local WiFi network. Is this the device you were asking about?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What would happen if all the members of the British Royal Family were killed and there was no heir to the throne | [
"The line of succession is pretty fucking long. If they were all wiped out, we'd have far bigger things to worry about than who gets to rule Britain, we'd be dealing with a huge cataclysm."
] | [
"Elizabeth II is the daughter of George IV, the last reigning king of England. She married Prince Phillip, which makes him a regent. You cannot marry a Queen and become king. You have to be in line to secede the previous monarch."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How do CD players read CDs? | [
"With a narrow laser beam pointed at the cd. If the light reflects back to the sensor, it's a 1, if the light gets reflected at a different angle away from the sensor, it's a 0."
] | [
"The pressed disk has data on it in special places that you can't write your own data to on a writeable disk."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
No Child Left Behind | [
"You dislike it for the wrong reasons. No Child Left Behind means that teachers' salaries depend on how their students preform on standardized tests. Obviously, this means that all good teachers migrate away from poor schools where their pay will be docked."
] | [
"Sleep - Shake Unconscious - Splash Coma - Wait and Hope Vegetative State - Wait and Bury"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do America and the UK not use the same "main" painkiller? Aspirin vs Paracetamol | [
"In the US (and Canada) Paracetamol is called Acetaminophen, which goes by the brand name Tylenol. Tylenol is in fact one of the top pain killers used. In addition to Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen (Advil), and Acetilsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) are probably the most common painkillers in North America."
] | [
"Tylenol is acetaminophen, Advil is ibuprofen, and Aspirin is acetasylic acid. Acetaminophen and acetasylic acid are pain killers and can reduce fever. Ibuprofen is most effectively used as an anti-inflammatory to reduce swelling."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why is it that controlling your breathing helps to moderate pain? | [
"It isn't the breathing, exactly. It's the focus. Focus on your breathing, it helps distract from focusing on your pain. I think it also helps keep you from hyperventilating and going into shock."
] | [
"Aside from it being a way of dealing with anxiety and stress, it also helps the blood flow on your legs."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
when it's hot out, why doesn't corn start turning into popcorn? | [
"Popcorn pops because corn kernels contain a small amount of water. When the water is heated enough to boil, steam is produced, which increases the pressure within the kernel. When the pressure difference (between the corn kernel and the atmosphere) is high enough to rupture the kernel, it pops. Water boils at 100 ... | [
"well they are corn aren't they? Pop corn is just dried corn, heated until it pops. sorry i don't know any better way to explain it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why does time seem to pass faster as I get older? | [
"I've heard in the past that it's because it's relative. When you're ten, a year seems like forever because it's a tenth of your entire life. When you're fifty, a year seems like hardly any time at all because it's literally just a 50th of your entire life, etc"
] | [
"when you’re five years old a year is a whole 1/5th of your life when you’re twenty a year is 1/20th of your whole life as you get older a year doesnt feel as long, because its a smaller fraction of your lifetime"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
What causes bad morning breath? | [
"Bacteria have had all night to multiply in your mouth without any water or food to wash away/dislodge them. Your mouth also dries out, especially if you breathe through your mouth, which further worsens it."
] | [
"What source says that alcohol is bad for your teeth?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do toenails grow much slower than fingernails? | [
"Two theories: Most of it has to do with blood supply. Your fingertips get more blood than your toes (this is why frostbite affects toes more easily than fingers). More blood means that the portion that produces the nail gets more nutrients so that it can produce more nail. This is also why in the summer, the highe... | [
"> ELI5: Why do the nails on my ring fingers grow faster than the other nails? You're weird Just kidding. Most of it has to do with blood circulation. Some people's fingernails grow at different rates. Some people find that different fingernails on one hand grow at different rates . Some people find that their fi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
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How does pain radiate from one part of the body to another? | [
"Not every organ we have is innervated directly though the central nervous system, meaning it can't send pain signals to the brain. For example, your diaphragm doesn't have a way to make your brain realize there's something wrong, so it sends the the pain signal through the next branch it's connected to so the brai... | [
"You have a higher concentration of nerves in your hand than you have in most other places on your body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
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What causes a cowlick? | [
"It more so depends on your hair follicle. This is what determines which way the hair grows out of the scalp. So essentially cowlicks are tufts of hair where their follicles cause them to grow in such a fashion. Also, considering this is an internal thing, we can't change our follicles, so you can't really \"fix\"... | [
"They're usually caused by a virus or infection. Takes some time for your body to fight it off."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How does digital clock work? | [
"There is a special elements called a quartz. It is the same thing that beach sand is made of. It has a special property of converting different Energies. With pressure it turns into heat, with light it splits light, and with electricity it creates a vibration. Some quartz crystals make a very stable vibration. Ima... | [
"Are you asking how a wheel works ?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it substantially easier for me to drum my fingers from pinkie to thumb than thumb to pinkie? | [
"Probably just because you haven't practised doing it one way but do practice the other way because you do it out of habit. I've never really thought can do it both ways without a problem, and if you tried for about a week you probably would be able to as well. I think this because I remember what it was like learn... | [
"The snap comes from your finger hitting the palm of your hand. The middle finger has a better angle than the index or ring finger."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How do they justify using government money to help build new sports stadiums? | [
"decisions about money are often determined by whether or not the people making the decision think that decision will make other people spend more money on things they profit from. if enough people in city planning / government think a new stadium will bring more people to the city to spend money there, then they d... | [
"How do you think they're making billions? By lobbying governments to pay for their facilities, clean up their messes, and give them huge tax breaks. Easy to make a ton of money when Uncle Sam pays for all your mistakes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why is queen Elizabeth also the queen of many independent sovereign nations (former colonies) ? | [
"Because those countries have so far not decided to become republics. They are known as the Commonwealth Realms (note that is different from simply being a member of the Commonwealth of Nations). Many of Britain's colonies did not violently break away from the British Empire. It was a gradual transfer of power unti... | [
"Britain- Island England- Country whose borders take up ~62% of the island mentioned above United Kingdom- Sovereign state made of the countries on the island of Britain, along with most of the islands that make up the archipelago that the island of Britain is a part of, several crown dependencies, and several comm... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Geography:"
} |
Why does listening to people with certain types of accents sound pleasing (similar to an ASMR effect)? | [
"Accents are produced by the vocal pallet being worked in different ways. Some accents fall onto deeper more bassey areas of the vocal pallet cresting a deeper resonant sound which can be quite nice and soothing. Other accents come up through the pallet and have a real tenor quality (think Canadians) You can think ... | [
"It stands for Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response. Basically, it's a physical/physiological reaction to certain sounds. These trigger a tingly sensation esp on the spine and head. It can also be used as a relaxation technique. Others have a sexual response to it. So it's kind of the reverse of nails on a chalkboa... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
I pay a monthly fee for cable TV. Why are there commercial advertisements, and, more importantly, why are movies censored for language? | [
"You may a monthly fee for the cable company to hook you up to their data-distribution network. Ads exist to pay for individual programs. And movies are censored because the channel that broadcasts them want to censor them. If it's not being broadcast over the air, they aren't *required* to censor them, but may cho... | [
"If they had commercials at different times, you could just switch to another channel instead of watching commercials. And that wouldn't really benefit the channel you switch to because you can do the same again when their commercials come on. So all channels benefit from keeping their commercials roughly in sync w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Entertainment:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Entertainment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why does melted cheese taste different than plain cheese? | [
"I believe it has something to do with the enzymes and proteins that are reorganized once introduced to a higher temperature."
] | [
"From Huffington Post: > \"String cheese is just mozzarella cheese that has been heated to 140 degrees. At this temperature the cheese becomes very stretchy and the milk proteins move around and line up together in a row. It's this alignment that makes string cheese so stringy!\" Other cheese sticks are just cheese... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How do global rules of war work? How does one enforce the rules while at war with another country? What would stop an opposing power from breaking these rules? | [
"If you break the rules, you will be sanctioned. This makes it a lot harder to access the global market, making you poorer and less able to fight the war. If you lose the war then you may be tried in a court for war crimes and imprisoned. Alternatively, the enemy may start to commit war crimes against you and your ... | [
"The laws of war are a body of treaties and customs for how war is conducted including what weapons may be used, what is a legal target, how prisoners of war should be treated, etc. While wars inherently involve violence and suffering, the laws of war try to limit unnecessary suffering. Countries should care about ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why does the ISS not spin to create artificial gravity? | [
"One of the points of the ISS is being able to do experiments in zero gravity. A spinning station would defeat that purpose. But also, complexity. More complexity equals higher costs, and AFAIK the ISS already went over its budget as it is."
] | [
"No, sound is not significantly affected by gravity. Sound on board the ISS is the same as it would be if the ISS were stationary on the ground. And as a side note, there is no lack of gravity on the ISS -- it's in *free fall* which creates an experience much like zero gravity, but as it's very close to Earth, ther... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does the glass at the top of my car windscreen/windshield appear blue? | [
"It appears blue because it is specifically tinted blue to keep the sun out of your eyes without significantly impacting visibility."
] | [
"What do you mean? The condensation should be on the inside of the screen, not the outside."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
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