query stringlengths 1 1.57k | pos stringlengths 1 22.5k | idx int64 0 161k | task_name stringclasses 1
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If annual growth rate of a population is 1.5-2%, what number ofyears will be required to double the population? | Ans. is 'b' i.e. 47-35 years | 11,800 | medmcqa_train |
Root value of ankle jerk | The ankle jerk reflex, also known as the Achilles reflex, occurs when the Achilles tendon is tapped while the foot is dorsiflexed. This reflex is mediated by the S1 spinal segment of the spinal cord. Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12 edition page number: 774,775,776 | 11,801 | medmcqa_train |
A 32-year-old woman goes to an emergency depament because she has developed severe, watery diarrhea. About 36 hours later, she developed vomiting and an abrupt, painless, watery diarrhea. The volume of diarrhea has been copious, and she has subsequently developed intense thirst, oliguria, muscle cramps, and weakness. A... | The features noted are those of Vibrio cholerae, the causative organism of the severe diarrheal disease, cholera. The diarrhea is the result of the action of the cholera enterotoxin, which acts by ADP-ribosylating adenylate cyclase, leading to increased cyclic AMP with secondary increased efflux of Cl- and H2O. World-w... | 11,802 | medmcqa_train |
Diameter of graafian follicle at the time of ovulation is - | Ans. C. 20mmOvulation is aprocessby which a secondary oocyte is released from the ovaryfollowingrupture of a mature Graafian follicle and becomes available for conception.There is a pre - ovulatory enlargement in the Graafian follicle and it measures about 20 mm at the time of ovulation. | 11,803 | medmcqa_train |
Reduction in central_____ plays a vital role in suicidal behavior. | Ans. c (Serotonin) (Ref. Harrison's medicine 17th ed., 2717; Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry, 10th ed., p. 901)Biological Factors in Suicide# Diminished central serotonin plays a role in suicidal behavior.# Low concentrations of CSF 5-HIAA also predicts future suicidal behavior.ETIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ... | 11,804 | medmcqa_train |
Type of collagen found in basement membrane - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., IV o Type IV collagen with laminin are the major constituent of basement membrane.Type of collagenDistributionType ISkin, tendon, bone, corneaType IIArticular cartilage, intervertebral disc. Vitreous humorType IIIFetal skin, cardiovascular systam, lung, reticular fiberType IVBasement membraneType VPla... | 11,805 | medmcqa_train |
According to the 2010 WHO criteria the characteristics of normal semen analysis are: | Ans. A. Volume 1.5ml, count 15million/ml, morphology 4%, progressive motility 32%a. Semen volume: 1.5mL or moreb. pH:7.2 or morec. Count: 15million/mL or mored. Motility (within 1 hour of collection) Total motility (progressive + non progressive): 40% or moree. Progressive motility: 32% or moref. Vitality (live spermat... | 11,806 | medmcqa_train |
Memory T cells can be identified by using the following marker: | CD 45 is called as Leukocyte common antigen (LCA) Location of cell Molecular marker All leucocytes CD45 and CD45RB Medullary thymocytes ('Naive' T- cells) CD45 RA and CD45RC Coical thymocytes (Memory T-cells) CD45RO | 11,807 | medmcqa_train |
Treatment of choice in case of chronic ulcerative colitis is: | Indications of Surgery in Ulcerative Colitis 1) Intractability2) Dysplasia or Carcinoma3) Massive Colonic bleeding4) Toxic Megacolon Surgical options in Ulcerative colitis1) TPC + IPAA - Definitive Rx2) TPC + Ileostomy3) TPC + Continent ileal reservoir (Kock pouch)4) TAC + End ileostomy TPC + IPAA- It is the Definitive... | 11,808 | medmcqa_train |
T1 weighted MRI of midsagittal section of brain is given. Which among the marked structures contains two lateral foramina of Luschka ?" | Option D : Correct answer i.e. the fouh ventricle contains the two lateral foramina (of Luschka), which drain into the two cerebellopontine angle cisterns. Option A : lateral ventricle Option B : third ventricle with fornix and choroid plexus at the roof Option C : quadrigeminal cistern with great cerebral vein (of Gal... | 11,809 | medmcqa_train |
A 5-year old child presented with fever, fatigue, abdominal pain and vomiting. On fuher history evaluation, he had a habit of eating di. Investigations shows visceral larva migrans. Communication with the following agent must have caused this infection in this child: | The agent for Toxocariasis (visceral larva migrans) is the cosmopolitan intestinal ascarid of dogs and cats, Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati. The eggs passed by infected animals contaminate parks and other areas that young children frequent. Children with pica are at increased risk. Ingested eggs hatch and penetrate th... | 11,810 | medmcqa_train |
Low LAP score may be seen in the following EXCEPT: September 2012 | Ans. D i.e. Polycythemia vera Diagnostic criteria for polycythemia vera Accurate diagnosis of PV is critical because its treatment may require the use of drugs with the potential to cause leukemia. The patient is considered to have PV if all three major criteria are met; or if the first two major criteria and any two m... | 11,811 | medmcqa_train |
Unilateral watery discharge from the eye of a new born, with no edema or chemosis is due to: | D i.e. Chemical conjunctivitis Here the neonate has Ophthalmia Neonatorum. Early presentation of discharge may be due to Gonococcus Q or Chemical Conjunctivitis Q, but Gonococcus is almost always B/L so the answer here is Chemical Conjunctivitis. In the past, if a maternal infection was suspected a drop of silver nitra... | 11,812 | medmcqa_train |
The most reliable investigation in amyloid disease is - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Rectal biopsy | 11,813 | medmcqa_train |
Primordial germ cell is derived from: | A i.e. EctodermPrimordial germ cell develops from epiblast (primitive or primary or embryonic ectoderm)Q at the caudal end of primitive streak in the caudal end of embryo. In the 3rd week, primordial germ cells migrate to a mass of extra embryonic mesoderm and then into the endoderm of yolk sac wall. | 11,814 | medmcqa_train |
Wagner's granulomatosis does not affect? | Liver REF: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 17th ed chapter 319 MANIFESTATION OF WAGNER'S GRANULOMATOSIS: Kidney: Glomerulonephritis Ear/nose/throat: Sinusitis Nasal disease Otitis media Hearing loss Subglottic stenosis Ear pain Oral lesions Lung: Pulmonary infiltrates Pulmonary nodules Hemoptysis Pleuritis E... | 11,815 | medmcqa_train |
A G1+O attends the antenatal clinic for the booking visit at 12 weeks. Her blood group is B Rhesus negative.What is the next step in the management? | Ans. is b, i.e. Determine the husbands blood groupWhen a rhesus negative primipara attends the antenatal clinic, the first step is to determine her husband's blood group. If the husband is Rhesus negative no further investigations are necessary, as all babies will be Rhesus negative. | 11,816 | medmcqa_train |
Dialysis disequalibrium occurs due to - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Cerebral edema o Two ty pes of neurological disturbance are unique to patients on chronic dialysis.A) Dialysis dementiaQB) Dialysis disequilibriumQDialysis dementia -o It may occur in patients who have heen on dialysis for many years0 and is characterized by dyspraxia, myoclonus, dementia and eventual... | 11,817 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following strategy has been recommended to reduce the heredity risk for ovarian cancer in women with BRCA -1 and BRCA - 2 mutations : | Ans. is d i.e. Prophylactic oophorectomy BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 are tumour suppressor genes. BRCA-1 is located on chromosome 17 and BRCA-2 on chromosome 13. Individuals who inherit mutations of BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 are highly susceptible for the development of hereditary breast or ovarian cancer. The mutations are inherited as... | 11,818 | medmcqa_train |
Indication for stopping rifampicin ? | Ans. is'c'i.e., ThrombocytopenialRef: ATT drug guide p. 7391Among the given options, hepatitis and thrombocytopenia are adverse effects of rifampicin."If thrombocytopenia purpura or anaemia occurs, rifampin should be stopped and should never be restaed".Rifampicin can be restaed under close observation and supervision,... | 11,819 | medmcqa_train |
Uro-rectal septum separates the cloaca into? | D i.e. Rectum and urogenital sinus | 11,820 | medmcqa_train |
Regarding cystic disease of breast which one is true: | Ans. is 'd' ie Aspiration is the t/t Cysts are considered foremost among all of the benign histological changes in the breast. They occur most commonly in the last decade of reproductive life due to a nonintegrated involution of stroma and epithelium. Remember, cysts are one of the many features seen in ANDI (Aberratio... | 11,821 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is the most common malignant germ cell tumor of ovary? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Dysgerminoma Dvsgerminomao It is the most common malignant germ cell tumor of ovary,o It affects young women and is usually unilateral.o Bilateral tumors are seen in 15 - 20% of the cases.o It is fleshy in consistency.o Histologically it shows presence of lymphocytic infiltration which is considered a... | 11,822 | medmcqa_train |
In the Rabies vaccine schedule of 0,3,7,14,30,90,0 means - | The vaccination schedule recommended consists of 6 doses on day 0,3,7,14,28 and a booster dose on day 90(Ref.PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE 21st Edition page no.255) | 11,823 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following antibody is incriminated in causing henoch schonlein purpura | Henoch schonlein purpura(IgA vasculitis) is characterized by Paplable purpura(most commo buttocks and lower extremities) Ahralgia Gastrointestinal signs and symptoms Glomerulonephritis Pathogenesis:immune complex deposition .IgA antibody class is the most often seen in immune complexes. Ref:Harrison 20th edition pg no ... | 11,824 | medmcqa_train |
Discoloration of tooth in tetracycline therapy is because of formation of: | Tetracycline and minocycline: Unsightly discoloration of both dentitions results from excessive intake of tetracycline and minocycline during the development of teeth. Chelation of tetracycline molecule with calcium in hydroxyapatite crystals forms tetracycline orthophosphate which is responsible for discolored teeth. | 11,825 | medmcqa_train |
Antenatal diagnosis of hydrocephalus is done by: | Ans. USG | 11,826 | medmcqa_train |
Precancerous lesion of bone among the following is | Precancerous lesions of bone:Multiple exostosesOllier's diseaseBenign giant cell tumorOsteoblastomaChondroblastomaChronic osteomyelitisPaget's disease(Refer: Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics, SAE, 1st edition, pg no. 2474) | 11,827 | medmcqa_train |
Transpo of ADP in and ATP out of mitochondria is inhibited byaEUR' | atractyloside "Atractyloside inhibits oxidative phosphorylation by inhibiting the transpoer of ADP into and ATP out of the mitochondrion"- Harper ADP and Pi needs to be transpoed from the cytosol (where ATP is used for producing energy and conveed into ADP) into the mitochondrion, where ATP is resynthesized. Since the ... | 11,828 | medmcqa_train |
A 34-year-old male complains of hyperacusis (sensitivity to loud sounds). Injury to which of the following cranial nerves is responsible? | The facial nerve innervates the stapedius muscle, which is responsible for limiting movement of the stapes, thereby reducing the intensity of the sound entering the inner ear. The hypoglossal nerve innervates tongue muscles; the accessory nerve supplies the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles; the vagus does not ... | 11,829 | medmcqa_train |
Pupillary reflex is controled by which nucleus- | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Edinger westphal nucleusPupillary light reflex (Light reflex)* Pupillary light reflex refers to constriction of pupil in response to light. When a sudden light is thrown into the eye, the pupil of that eye constricts (direct light reflex). The pupil of other eye also constricts (Consensual or indirect... | 11,830 | medmcqa_train |
Which one has least mineralocoicoid activity? | Coisol (Hydrocoisone) has primary glucocoicoid action and has significant mineralocoicoid activity. Prednisolone has glucocoicoid activity but at high doses fluid retention does occur. Fludrocoisone is a potent mineralocoicoid having very less glucocoicoid activity. Methylprednisolone is more selective glucocoicoid wit... | 11,831 | medmcqa_train |
Which is wrong regarding somato sensory evoked potentials (SSEP)? | Somatosensory evoked potential (SEP or SSEP) is the electrical activity of the brain that results from the stimulation of touch. SEP tests measure that activity and are a useful, noninvasive means of assessing somatosensory system functioning. By combining SEP recordings at different levels of the somatosensory pathway... | 11,832 | medmcqa_train |
Cottle's test tests the patency of the nares in: | Cottle test: It is used to test nasal obstruction due to abnormality of nasal valve as in case of deted nasal septum. in this test, cheek is drawn laterally while the patient breathes quietly. If the nasal airway improves on the test side, the test is positive, and indicates abnormality of the vestibular component of n... | 11,833 | medmcqa_train |
Pseudodementia is seen in | Depressive pseudodementia- depression in the elderly people may mimic dementia clinically. Identification of depression is very impoant as it is far more easily treatable than dementia. (Ref: a sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th edition, pg no.23) | 11,834 | medmcqa_train |
A child presents with lethargy, hyptonia after 12 hours of bih. Resusciation done. There are two episodes of seizure. The stage of HIE is ? | Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) is a type of brain damage that occurs when an infant&;s brain doesn&;t receive enough oxygen and blood. It is a dangerous condition that requires immediate medical intervention. Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition | 11,835 | medmcqa_train |
Ovulation occurs : | Ovulation After estradiol reaches a peak of 200pg/ml and is sustained for about 48 hours, it exes a possitive feedback action for LH surge Final maturation of follicle is obtained by combined effect of FSH and LH Ovulation occurs 24-48 hours after LH surge Ref: D.C. Dutta's Textbook of Gynaecology, 6th edition, page no... | 11,836 | medmcqa_train |
Tendon of which muscle passes through the pyramid in middle ear | A conical projection called the pyramid lies near the junction of the posterior and medial walls of the middle ear. It has an opening at its apex for the passage of the tendon of the stapedius muscle | 11,837 | medmcqa_train |
Musculocutaneous nerve is injured at the lateral cord of brachial plexus, positive clinical findings would be : | Musculocutaneous nerve supplies biceps and brachialis. It also gives sensory supply along the radial side of forearm. When it is damaged, it might show the following :
Flexion at elbow weakened (Biceps & Brachialis).
Supination of semiflexed elbow is affected (Biceps).
Sensory loss on radial side of forearm. | 11,838 | medmcqa_train |
Specificity of a screening test measures aEUR' | True negatives Repeat from May 06 Sensitivity is the ability of test to identify correctly all those who have the disease, i.e, 'true positives'. Specificity is the ability of a test to identify correctly those who do not have the disease, i.e. 'true negatives'. | 11,839 | medmcqa_train |
Number of muscles in middle ear | The two muscles of middle ear are tensor tympani and stapedius. Both act simultaneously to damp down the intensity of high pitched sound waves and thus protect the internal ear. Notes: The tensor tympani is supplied by the mandibular nerve The stapedius is supplied by the facial nerve Ref BDC volume3,sixth edition pg 2... | 11,840 | medmcqa_train |
Type-I lepra reaction is commonly seen in: | type 1 reaction /reversal reaction is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction associated with a rapid increase in specific CMI activity against M.leprae. It usually occurs in borderline types of leprosy, (BB>BT >BL)characteristically associated with immunological instability. Page no.2046Reference IADVL's concise textbook ... | 11,841 | medmcqa_train |
Most afferent fibers from the lateral geniculate nucleus terminate in the primary visual coex in: | LGB has 6 layers - (i) Layers 1 & 2: They are called magnocellular (contain large cells). The M ganglion cells project to magnocellular poion of LGB, (ii) Layers 3-6: They are called parvocellular (contain small cells). P ganglion cells project to the parvocellular poion of LGB The visual coex has 6 layers. The magnoce... | 11,842 | medmcqa_train |
True about measles outbreak ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Vaccination given at 6 months Epidemic of measles occur if propoion of susceptible children is > 40%. If measles is introduced in a virgin community, it infects > 90% of children. Measles vaccine is given at the age of a months, but age can be lowered to 6 months in epidemics. Measles shows a cyclic t... | 11,843 | medmcqa_train |
In alcohol withdrawal drug of choice is: | Benzodiazepines are the drug of choice in alcohol withdrawal. If the question asks to choose a specific benzodiazepine, the best choice would be chlordiazepoxide. | 11,844 | medmcqa_train |
Following an eye trauma, a patient presents 4 days later with proptosis and pain in the eye. On examination, he has chemosis, conjunctival congestion and extraocular muscle palsies. The investigation of choice to arrive at a diagnosis is: | Ans. d. Intra arterial digital subtraction angiography Symptoms ofproptosis and pain in the eye following an eye trauma with chemosis, conjunctival congestion and extraocular muscle palsies on examination is typical picture of post traumatic carotico-cavernous fistula. The investigation of choice to arrive at a diagnos... | 11,845 | medmcqa_train |
The genotype of blood group A would be | The genotype for a blood group can be AA OR AO blood groups are three genes Ia,Ib,Io Ref:Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology 12th edition,page number:155,156,157 | 11,846 | medmcqa_train |
Folie-a-deux means ? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Sharing of delusion It is also known as shared psychotic disorder or symbiotic psychosis. It is characterized by sharing of delusions between two person (Folie a deux) or rarely between more individuals (Folie a trois, Folie a quatre, Folie a famine). There is a dominant (active) person who induces de... | 11,847 | medmcqa_train |
A 35-year-old woman complains of aching all over. She sleeps poorly and all her muscles and joints hurt. Her symptoms have progressed over several years. She reports that she is desperate because pain and weakness often cause her to drop things. Physical examination shows multiple points of tenderness over the neck, sh... | The patient's multiple tender points, associated sleep disturbance, and lack of joint or muscle findings make fibromyalgia a likely diagnosis. Patients with fibromyalgia often report dropping things due to pain and weakness, but objective muscle weakness is not present on examination. The diagnosis hinges on the presen... | 11,848 | medmcqa_train |
In CRP, the C stands for: | C polysaccharide of streptococcus CRP was originally discovered by Tillett and Francis in 1930 as a substance in the serum of patients with acute inflammation that reacted with the C polysaccharide of pneuniococcus. Initially it was thought that CRP might be a pathogenic secretion as it was elevated in people with a va... | 11,849 | medmcqa_train |
A patient on t/t for psychiatric disorder takes an overdose of a drug, develops bradycardia, hypotension, decreased sweating and salivation. The likely drug is - | TCAs can cause postural hypotension → Amitriptyline has maximum propensity.
Decreased sweating & salivation are due to anticholinergic side effects. | 11,850 | medmcqa_train |
For high pressure storage of compressed gases cylinders are made up of – | Gas cylinders are made from a steel alloy of molybdenum, which is resistant to corrosion.
Aluminum cylinders are also available in western countries. | 11,851 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is true regarding Naegleria fowleri is commonly acquired by? | Naegleria fowleri (brain eating amoeba) infection is commonly acquired by swimming in fresh water pond.Infective form- trophozoitesThey can penetrate the nasal mucosa and cribriform plate to produce a purulent meningitis and encephalitis that are usually rapidly fatal. | 11,852 | medmcqa_train |
Early morning awakening is a feature of | Early morning awakening is seen in depression. It is a type of insomnia patients with depression have altered dexamethasone suppression test that is no suppression of steroid in blood after administration of dexamethasone usually the steroid is produced in normal individuals at 6 Am whereas the steroids in increased am... | 11,853 | medmcqa_train |
A person has headache & profuse sweating. On examination his B.P is 200/120 mm Hg. Which of the following shoud not be used | Patients who respond to shoacting vasodilators at the time of cardiac catheterization (a fall in mean pulmonary aerial pressure >=10 mmHg and a final mean pressure <40 mmHg) should be treated with calcium channel blockers. Typically, these patients require high doses (e.g., nifedipine, 240 mg/d, or amlodipine, 20 mg/d)... | 11,854 | medmcqa_train |
Maximum energy is liberated by hydrolysis of ? | A compound that liberates 7 Kcal/n:ol or more on hydrolysis is called high energy compound, or a compound that on hydrolysis undergoes a large (. 7 kcal/mol) decrease in free energy (AG) under standard condition is called high energy compound, i.e., AG - 7 Kcal/mol. | 11,855 | medmcqa_train |
Causative organism of molluscum contagiosum is? | B i.e Pox Virus | 11,856 | medmcqa_train |
Unstable spine injury occurs in | Mode of injuries in Lower Cervical Spine Fractures (C3 - C7)Mode of injuriesPattern of fractureVeical (Axial) compression Burst fracture (Veebral height is decreased in toto)Pure flexion Wedge compression fracture (Decreased anterior height of veebrae)Combined axial compression & flexion Teardrop fracture (Antero infer... | 11,857 | medmcqa_train |
Why is the blind spot on the retina not usually perceived? | Ans. C. Its location in the visual field is different in each eyeRods and cones are absent from the area of the retina where the optic nerve exits. The blind spot is of appreciable size, but because its location is off-center and the eyeballs are mirror images, each eye fills in the information missing from the other, ... | 11,858 | medmcqa_train |
Lithium potentiates the action of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants. How many days before administration of the muscle relaxant should lithium be stopped? | Ans. b. 2 Lithium should be stopped 48 hours, i.e. 2 day before surgery due to its interaction with anesthetic agents. | 11,859 | medmcqa_train |
Ventral pancreatic duct give rise to ? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Uncinate process Development of pancreasPancreas is developed from the two pancreatic buds.i) Dorsal pancreatic bud :- It is larger and most of the pancreas is derived from it i.e. most of the head, and whole neck, body & tail.ii) Ventral pancreatic bud :- It is smaller and forms lower pa of the head ... | 11,860 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following may be used to differentiate Central Retinal Venous Occlusion (CRVO) from Ocular Ischemic Syndrome due to, except: | Central Retinal Vein Occlusion and Ocular Ischemic Syndrome due to carotid aery stenosis are both associated with Dilated Retinal veins and hence this feature cannot be used to distinguish these conditions. Ref: Ophthalmology By Yanoff, 3rd Edition, Page 625; Ocular Therapeutics Handbook: A Clinical Manual, 2nd Edition... | 11,861 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following statements about Atrial myxomas is true | Ref Harrison 19 th ed pg 1577; 289e-1 Pathologically, myxomas are gelatinous structures that consist of myxoma cells embedded in a stroma rich in glycosaminoglycans. Most are solitary, arise from the interatrial septum in the vicinity of the fossa ovalis (paicularly the left atrium), and are often peduncu- lated on a f... | 11,862 | medmcqa_train |
External cephalic version is contraindicated all of the following except: September 2006 | Ans. C: Breech Presentation External cephalic version is a process by which a breech baby can sometimes be turned from buttocks or foot first to head first. It is usually performed after about 36 weeks. It is often reserved for late pregnancy because breech presentation greatly decreases with every week. It can be cont... | 11,863 | medmcqa_train |
Following tarsal bone is devoid of muscular attachment | TALUS:- Second largest tarsal bone.Head, neck, and body. Tibia above and calcaneum below, Attachments:-Devoid of muscular attachment. Numerous ligaments attached to it because it takes pa in three joints- ankle, talocalcaneal, and talonavicular.Neck:- Capsular ligament of ankle joint.Dorsal talonavicular Interosseus ta... | 11,864 | medmcqa_train |
Enzyme replacement therapy is available for the treatment of the following disorder- | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Gaucher's diseaseRef: Harrison 17th/Ep 2455 & 16th/Ep 2319 (15th/e p2280)The t/t of choice for Gaucher's disease is enzyme replacement therapy. A recombinantly produced mannose terminated enzyme called Cerezyme is used in the t/t of Gaucher's diseaseAbout the t/t of other options.Treatment of Niemann P... | 11,865 | medmcqa_train |
A peptic ulcer is associated with all except one | You, don't expect pernicious anemia to cause peptic ulcer. In pernicious anemia, there is autoimmune destruction of the parietal cells leading to hypochlorhydria which fuher progresses to achlorhydria Etiology. of peptic ulcer Acute Peptic Ulcer NSAIDS Ingestion Stress Cushing ulcer after cerebral trauma Curling ulcer*... | 11,866 | medmcqa_train |
Morbid obesity means BMI of | Ref: Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25 th Ed Pgno : 417-418 | 11,867 | medmcqa_train |
agranuloctosis is a side effect of | - SIDE EFFECTS OF THE DRUG - APLASTIC ANEMIA - AGRANULOCYTOSIS - Hyponatremia - Steven Johnson's syndrome - Liver enzyme elevation - It has teratogenic potential Ref.kaplon and sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 935 | 11,868 | medmcqa_train |
The most potent and longest acting anaesthetic agent is: | Dubucaine is the most potent, most toxic , and longest acting local anesthetic Cinchocaine or dibucaine is an amide local anesthetic. Among the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics, current use of cinchocaine is generally restricted to spinal and topical anesthesia. From KD Tripati 7th edition Pag... | 11,869 | medmcqa_train |
In a normal person which of the following occurs when he changes to supine position from standing | Venous return is decreased in standing posture due to pooling of blood in lower extremities and is maximum in lying down position. Ref: Textbook of medical physiology by N Geetha, 2nd edition, page no. 170 | 11,870 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not true about expected date of delivery (EDD)? | Ans. d. Standard deviation around EDD is 3 weeks (Ref Dutta's (Jaypee) / 73)Expected Date of Delivery (EDD)Only 4% of births take place on EDDAbout 50% deliver within 1 week on either side of EDD80% deliver about 2 weeks before to 1 week after EDDStandard deviation is of 13 days(90% of babies will be born within three ... | 11,871 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following measurement at pelvic inlet can be assessed directly : | Diagonal conjugate | 11,872 | medmcqa_train |
"Face of giant panda" sign on MRI brain is seen in: | Ans. A. Wilson's diseaseAbnormalities Is Wilson's Diseasea. Basal ganglia lesions are most often bilateral and symmetrical.b. The putamina shows striking increase in T2 signal intensity. This is present to a lesser degree in other deep gray matter structures.c. Thalamic lesions are often present but typically spare the... | 11,873 | medmcqa_train |
A 67 year nude smoker presents with haemoptysis and cough. Bronchoscopic biopsy revealed un-differentiated tumour. The immunohistochemical marker that can be most helpful is- | TEXT BOOK OF PATHOLOGY HARSHMOHAN 6TH EDITION PG NO 16 Epithelial tumors are stained by pankeratin or cytokeratin (high or low MW) <\p> | 11,874 | medmcqa_train |
A girl presents, with cystic swelling at the junction of lower 1/3rd and upper 2/3rd of anterior wall of vagina at 10 O' Clock position. The Diagnosis is: | - Ganer's duct cyst Arises from remnant of the mesonephric duct Located in the anterolateral wall aspect of the vagina Small cyst: Asymptomatic Large cyst if causes dyspareunia : excision - A Baholin cyst occurs due to blockage of duct of baholin glands. It is located on the inner side of labia minora in the postero-la... | 11,875 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is the most impoant factor in the prevention of the endophthalmitis in cataract surgery? | Preoperative antibiotics ,povidine iodine solutions are used to prevent post operative infection. REF:khurana,pg no 197 | 11,876 | medmcqa_train |
The effective dose of a Chest x-ray is ____________. | The effective dose of a CXR is 0.02 mSv. Radiation dose of a chest CT (8mSv)is 400 times more than a chest X-ray. TYPICAL EFFECTIVE DOSES Investigation Dose (mSv) PA view CXR 0.02 Skull AP/Lat 0.06 AP pelvis 0.7 AXR 0.7 Lumbar spine 1 CT brain 2 IVU 2.5 Barium meal 3 Bone scan 3 Barium enema 7 CT abdomen 10 Thallium sc... | 11,877 | medmcqa_train |
A 50 year old male is posted for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. No history of comorbidities. His surgery is scheduled at 2 PM on the day of surgery. Which of the following is against the ASA guidelines for preoperative fasting | The patient should be nil per orally for
8 hours for solid food
6 hours for liquid and semisolid food
2 hours for clear liquid. | 11,878 | medmcqa_train |
Most common cause of postural hypotension is | (C) Peripheral neuropathy # Causes of postural syncope: In patients receiving antihypertensive or vasodilator drugs and those who are hypovolemic because of diuretics, excessive sweating, diarrhea, vomiting, hemorrhage, or adrenal insufficiency. | 11,879 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is the best parameter to predict virulence of acute infectious illness? | Case fatality rate is directly related to the killing power of the disease. It denotes the virulence of an organism. But utility of case fatality rate is limited to acute illnesses and is not of much value for chronic diseases. Ref: Park 21st edition, page 55. | 11,880 | medmcqa_train |
A patient presenting with history of diarrhoea for several years with recent onset pruritus and raised alkaline phosphatase, normal SGOT/PT and USG shows no gallstones and biliary tract abnormality, the diagnosis is | Symptoms of PSC Evidence of cholestatic liver disease - Jaundice, Pruritus and fatigue Diagnosis Asymptomatic elevation of GGT is the earliest finding, ALP and bile acids are also increased. Cholangiography - diagnoisis of PSC with evidence of diffuse multifocal strictures found in both intrahepatic and extrahepatic bi... | 11,881 | medmcqa_train |
Volume of plasma from which a substance is completely removed by filteration/secretion in kidney is equal to- | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Clearance* Once a drug is absorbed and distributed among the tissues and body fluids, it is then eliminated mainly by the liver and kidneys. The amount of drug eliminated from the body per unit time is called rate of eliminations.* Elimination of a drug from the plasma is quantified in term of its cle... | 11,882 | medmcqa_train |
The myocardial contraction is stimulated by | The initial depolarisation is due to Na+ influx through rapidly opening Na+channels. The inactivation of Na+ channels contributes to rapid repolarization phase. Ca2+ influx through more slowly opening Ca2+ channels produces plateau phase, and depolarization is due to net K+ efflux through multiple types of K+ channels.... | 11,883 | medmcqa_train |
Selective Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) is | (A) Venlafaxine # Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) are a class of antidepressant drugs used in the treatment of major depression and other mood disorders. They are sometimes also used to treat anxiety disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ch... | 11,884 | medmcqa_train |
Shortest acting B-blocker is: | Ans: c (Esmolol)Ref: Katzung 9 ed, Table 10.2The elimination half life of esmolol is 10 min which is the shortest.Notes on beta blockersCardioselective beta blockers are metoprolol, atenolol, bisoprolol, esmolol, betaxolol, celiprolol, nebivololPropranolol has highest degree of membrane stabilizing action.Nadolol is lo... | 11,885 | medmcqa_train |
Drug of choice in paracetamol overdose: March 2011 | Ans. A: N-acetyl cysteine In paracetamol poisoning, depletion of hepatic and renal glutathione potentiates the toxicity whereas treatment with sulfhydryl compounds such as cysteamine, 1- methionine and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is beneficial Acetylcysteine/ N-acetylcysteine/ N-acetyl-L-cysteine/ NAC) It is used primarily... | 11,886 | medmcqa_train |
Obesity is defined as if BMI is - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., > 30 Classification of adults according to BMIClassificationBMIRisk of comorbiditiesUnderweight<18-50Low (but risk of other clinical problems increased)Normal range18-50-24-99AverageOverweight:>25-00 Pre-obese25-00-29-99IncreasedObese class I30-00-34-99ModerateObese class II35-00-39-99SevereObese clas... | 11,887 | medmcqa_train |
Stop codons are | Terminator Codons : There are three codons which do not code for any paicular aminoacid.They ae "nonsense codons".more correctly termed as PUNCTUATOR OR TERMINATOR CODONS. They mark end of protein synthesis.These three codons are UAA,UAG,and UGA. UGA is a stop codon ,but in special circumstances,it stands for seleno-cy... | 11,888 | medmcqa_train |
Progressive multifocal leukoencephaloPathy is caused- | Harrison's principles of internal medicine. *In PML oligodendrocytes have enlarged densely staining nuclei that contain viral inclusions formed by crystallinearrays of JC virus paicles. | 11,889 | medmcqa_train |
Cytokine with predominant anti-inflammatory action is ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., TGF-b Proinflammatorv cytokines i) Major:- IL-1, TNF- alpha, IL-6 ii) Other:- IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-11, IL-12, IL-15, IL-21, IL-23, IFN- gamma, GM-CSF Anti-inflammatory cytokines i) IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and transforming growth factor b (TGF-b) | 11,890 | medmcqa_train |
In starvation, there is ketosis due to ? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Increased b-oxidationStarvation is characterized by decreased insulin : glucagon ratio.This causes :?i) Increased lipolysis - More FFAs for ketogenesis.ii) Increased fi-oxidation - Increased ketogenosis.iii) Decreased oxaloacetate - Acetyl CoA is utilized in ketogenesis.Regulation of ketogenesisKetoge... | 11,891 | medmcqa_train |
Lead poisoning mostly occurs due to :- | Lead poisoning (Plumbism, Saturnism or Painter's Colic): Greatest source of lead in Lead Poisoning (Plumbism, Saturnism or Painter's Colic) is; Gasoline / petrol / vehicular exhaust / automobile exhaust. Mode of absorption: Lead can be absorbed by inhalation (MC mode), ingestion or through skin. Clinical feature- baoni... | 11,892 | medmcqa_train |
A powerful cycloplegia is: | (Atorpine) (147-Parson 20th)* Atorpine - is the most potent and has longest duration of action (for 7 days or more)* Homatropine - are less potent. It affects lasts for 4-5 days* Tropicamide - short acting, though effective for upto 3 hours.* Phenylephrine - a selective alpha - 1 - agonist, sympathomimetics. | 11,893 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is an opsonin? | Ans. b. C3bRef: Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease 9th Ed; Page No-132Complement: System of hepatically synthesized plasma proteins that play a role in innate immunity and inflammation. Membrane attack complex (MAC) defends against gram [?] bacteria.Function of the ComplementC3b--opsonization.C3a, C4a, C5a-... | 11,894 | medmcqa_train |
Edema occurs when plasma protein level is below: | Ans. (c) 5g/dL(Ref: Harshmohan 5th pg 97)When total plasma proteins <5gm/dl (normal 6-8gm/dl) or albumin <2.5gm/dl (normal 3.5-5gm/dl) edema takes place | 11,895 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following are examples of modified apouine glands | Apocrine glands secrete the secretion by disintegration of apical portion of the cell and Mammary glands, Moll glands & cerumin glands are examples of modification of apocrine glands. | 11,896 | medmcqa_train |
Administration of which of the following drug requires therapeutic drug monitoring? | Therapeutic drug monitoring is adjustment of dose of the drug according to its plasma concentration. It is required for A Aminoglycosides (e.g. gentamicin) Drug Digitalis Possessing Phenytoin (anti-epileptics) Low Lithium Therapeutic Tricyclic antidepressants Index Immunomodulators (e.g. cyclosporine) Range of 0.8-1.2 ... | 11,897 | medmcqa_train |
In alcohol withdrawal, drug of choice is- | Benzodiazepines are the drug of choice in alcohol withdrawal. If the question asks you to chose a specific benzodiazepine, the best choice would be chlordiazepoxide. | 11,898 | medmcqa_train |
Erythrocyte transketolase activity is seen in which vitamin? | Transketolase is an enzyme of both the pentose phosphate pathway in all organisms and the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis. It catalyzes two impoant reactions, which operate in opposite directions in these two pathways. In the first reaction of the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, the cofactor thiamine diphosphat... | 11,899 | medmcqa_train |
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