query stringlengths 1 1.57k | pos stringlengths 1 22.5k | idx int64 0 161k | task_name stringclasses 1
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In polygraph test 'GSR' stands for: Karnataka 11 | Ans. Galvanic Skin Reaction | 11,900 | medmcqa_train |
After 5 days of a normal vaginal delivery a woman is brought to the casualty at 11 pm by her husband with history of crying, loss of appetite, difficulty in sleeping, and feeling of low self esteem. Her general physical examination is un-remarkable and there are no worrisome findings from a pelvic examination. Which of... | Postpaum Mood Disorders Post paum blues Occur within first few days and resolve by 2 weeks (50-60 %) Due to sudden loss of progesterones. Characterised by mild mood swings, irritability, anxiety, decreased concentration, insomnia , tearfullness, crying spells85% of women for a sho time in the immediate postpaum period.... | 11,901 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following are true about 'Non-disjunction' EXCEPT? | Non-disjunction: failure of chromosomes to separate normally during cell division. It may occur in meiosis or mitosis. It may result in Aneuploidy. If non-disjunction occurs in one of the first few mitotic divisions, 2 or more cell lines can be observed in the same individual- 'Mosaicism' | 11,902 | medmcqa_train |
The most common cause of tricuspid regurgitation is secondary to - | Tricuspid regurgitation Primary Rheumatic Endocarditis Myxomatous (TVP) Carcinoid Radiation Congenital (Ebstein's) Trauma Papillary muscle injury (post-MI) Secondary RV and tricuspid annular dilatation Multiple causes of RV enlargement(e.g., long-standing pulmonary HTN)Chronic RV apical pacing ( Harrison&;s principle o... | 11,903 | medmcqa_train |
A young patient has a midline, tender swelling in neck occurring after an attack of sore throat. The diagnosis is: | Diagnosis in this case is acute thyroiditis. Acute thyroiditis is preceded by respirstory symptoms like sore throat and in young patient. | 11,904 | medmcqa_train |
Detoxification of drugs is controlled by - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Cytochrome p450 o Cytochrome p450 enzymes are microsomal enzymes that are involved in phase I metabolism of many drugs,o Most of the drugs are metabolized by CYP 3 A4 isoform.Drug metabolizing enzymeso The drug metabolizing enzymes are divided into two types :MicrosomalThese are located on smooth endo... | 11,905 | medmcqa_train |
Treatment of Medullary Carcinoma thyroid: | Pheochromocytoma must be operated on first.
These tumors are generally (>50%) bilateral. Total thyroidectomy is the treatment of choice for patients with MTC because of the high incidence of multicentricity, the more aggressive course, and the fact that 131I therapy usually is not effective.
Central compartment nodes f... | 11,906 | medmcqa_train |
Most common tumour of hea is | Ref Harrison 19 th ed pg 1577: 289e-1 Myxomas are the most common type of primary cardiac tumor in adults, accounting for one-third to one-half of all cases at postmoem examination, and about three-quaers of the tumors treated surgically. They occur at all ages, most commonly in the third through sixth decades, with a ... | 11,907 | medmcqa_train |
Intravenous resuscitation is needed for any child with burn greater than | In children with burns over 10% total body surface area and adults with burns over 15% total body surface area, consider the need for intravenous fluid resuscitation. | 11,908 | medmcqa_train |
Dentition is considered delayed in cases except | In ill-nourished children, and especially in rickets, and in hypothyroidism dentition may be delayed, while in syphilis, teeth may be premature or even present at bih. Developmentally, permanent teeth are divided into two sets : Superadded permanent teeth are those which do not have deciduous predecessors.All the perma... | 11,909 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is the most reliable criteria in Gustafson's method of identification? | Gustafsons method is used in the estimation of age of an adult above 21 years depending on the physiologic age changes in each of the dental tissues. Transparency of root is the most reliable criteria among the Gustafsons method of identification. It is seen after 30years of age. Canal in the dentine is wide at first, ... | 11,910 | medmcqa_train |
Blood flow to brain is not influenced by | Carotid and aoic bodies have very high rates of blood flow. These receptors are primarily activated by a reduction in paial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), but they also respond to an increase in the paial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) That is chemo receptors regulating blood flow to brain are insensitive to PaO2 despi... | 11,911 | medmcqa_train |
Rhodopsin has a peak sensitivity to light of wavelength: | The photosensitive pigment in the rods is called rhodopsin (visual purple). Its opsin is called scotopsin. Rhodopsin has a peak sensitivity to light at a wavelength of 505 nm. Ref: Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology 23rd edition, Chapter 12. | 11,912 | medmcqa_train |
"Safe strategy" has been developed for the control of: | Ans. Trachoma | 11,913 | medmcqa_train |
Orthodromic conduction is | The conduction of impulses in a single direction, that is from receptor or synapse to the axons and further to the termination, is known as Orthodromic conduction. | 11,914 | medmcqa_train |
Amaurosis fugax is caused by occlusion of | (C) Central retinal artery # Amaurosis fugax> It refers to a sudden, temporary and painless monocular visual loss occurring due to a transient failure of retinal circulation.> Its common causes are: carotid transient ischaemic attacks (TIA), embolization of retinal circulation, papilloedema, giant cell arteritis, Rayna... | 11,915 | medmcqa_train |
The antibodies that are seen in Grave&;s disease are- | ref: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology; 24th edition; page no;347 Grave&;s disease an autoimmune disorder which leads to an overactive and enlarged thyroid gland. | 11,916 | medmcqa_train |
PSGN (post strept. GN) asso. with ? | Ans. 'a' i.e., Subepithelial deposits; 'b' i.e., Nephritis along with acute renal failure; `c' i.e., Low complement levelsPSGN appears 1 to 4 weeks after a streptococcal infection of pharynx or skin (impetigo).o Occurs most frequently in children 6 to 10 years of age, but adults any age can be affected.o The lesions ar... | 11,917 | medmcqa_train |
Adrenogenital syndrome is most commonly caused by? | The most common type of congenital adrenal hyperplasia is deficiency of in boys--that becomes prominent as the child grows. There may also be decreased production of , low serum sodium concentrations (hyponatremia), and high serum <a href=" deficiency</a> accounts for 95% of all cases of CAH and is inherited in an auto... | 11,918 | medmcqa_train |
Nerve supply to platysma is: | The platysma muscle is the most superficial muscle of the neck. Unlike most skeletal muscles, the platysma is located in the superficial fascia . The muscle extends superiorly from the inferior border of the mandible and inferiorly to the clavicle to the fascia of the anterior shoulder and thorax. The platysma muscle i... | 11,919 | medmcqa_train |
Otoacoustic emissions are produced by: | Otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) are produced by the outer hair cells. Motility of outer hair cells, spontaneous or in response to sounds, is transmitted by the basilar membrane, ossicular chain to tympanic membrane, and can be picked up and measured by a sensitive microphone placed in the outer ear canal.Spontaneous OAEs ... | 11,920 | medmcqa_train |
A patient complains of epigastric pain, radiating to back off and on. The investigation of choice is – | Epigastric pain radiating to back suggests the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. CECT is the investigation of choice for pancreatitis. | 11,921 | medmcqa_train |
Drug not given sublingually is - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Isosorbide-5-mononitrate Drugs that are used by subligunal route are: i) Nitrates: Nitroglycerine (glycery trinitrate), isosorbide dinitrate, Erythrity terranitrate ii) Opioids: Buprenorphine, morphine iii) Antianxiety: Alprazolame, clonezepam, Lerazepam diazepam iv) Antimigraine: Ergotamine tarate Ot... | 11,922 | medmcqa_train |
Addison's disease is characterized by following except: | Answer is D (Hypocalcemia): Addison's disease may he associated with Hypercakemia and not hypocafremia. In Addison's disease Hypercalcemia occurs in 10-20% of patients due to unclear reasons - Harrison Addison 's disease may be associated with Hyperkalemia, Hvponatremia and hypotension as explained in the previous ques... | 11,923 | medmcqa_train |
Which among the following is definitive indicator for start of Active labour? | Ans. B. Cervical dilatation > 3 cm. (Ref. Williams Obstetrics 22nd/ Ch. 17)CHARACTERISTICS OF NORMAL LABOR# The strict definition of labor-uterine contractions that bring about demonstrable effacement and dilatation of the cervix-docs not easily aid the clinician in determining when labor has actually begun, because th... | 11,924 | medmcqa_train |
All are Neuroglial cells in the CNS except: September 2008 | Ans. D: Kupffer cells Glial cells are very numerous, there are 10-50 times as many glial cells as neurons. The Schwann cells that invest axons in peripheral nerves are classified as glia. In the CNS, there are three main types of neuroglia: Microglia consists of scavenger cells that resemble tissue macrophages. They pr... | 11,925 | medmcqa_train |
In a statistical study for calculating the effect of drug on patient's sugar level the test showed significant difference when in reality there was no difference | Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed | 11,926 | medmcqa_train |
Glucose can be synthesised from all except- | C i.e. Acetoacetate | 11,927 | medmcqa_train |
There is defect in production of melanin in all except- | In melasma is a accuired hyperpigmentary disorder affecting predominantly over face. etiology is ultra violet rays. It is also triggered by pregnancy and oral contraceptive pills. All the other given conditions are associated with defects in melanin pproduction IADVL textbook of dermatology, pigmentary disorders,page74... | 11,928 | medmcqa_train |
All are proved to delay or prevent diabetes in those with impaired glucose tolerance, except | Intensive changes in lifestyle (diet and exercise for 30 min/d five times/week) in individuals with IGT prevented or delayed the development of type 2 DM by 58% compared to placebo. In the same study, metformin prevented or delayed diabetes by 31% compared to placebo.A number of agents, including a-glucosidase inhibito... | 11,929 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following are associated with carcinoma colon except ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Fibre diet Fibre diet is protective against colon cancer (see previous explanations). Risk factors for Colon cancer Dietay factores - explainaed in previous quetion Hereditary factors Polyposis coli Nonopolyposis herditary colon cancer ( also known as Lynch syndrome) Inflammatory bowel disease Long st... | 11,930 | medmcqa_train |
All are true about the hemolytic disease of newborn except | When anti-Rh agglutinins cross the placenta to an Rh-positive fetus, they can cause hemolysis and various forms of hemolytic disease of the newborn (erythroblastosis fetalis). If hemolysis in the fetus is severe, the infant may die in utero or may develop anemia, severe jaundice, and edema (hydrops fetalis). Kernicteru... | 11,931 | medmcqa_train |
Cytopathology deals with ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Cellular changes for diagnosis of diseaseCytologyCytology is the study of cells.Cytology is that branch of life science, which deals with the study of cells in terms of structure, function and chemistry.Robe Hooke is sometimes seen as the father of cytology. | 11,932 | medmcqa_train |
Effacement of foot process of nephron is seen in? | * Minimal change renal disease is the most common form of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children of age group 2 to 6 years. It accounts for around 85% of cases and are mostly steroid sensitive.* The finding in renal biopsy in light microscope is usually normal. Electron microscope shows effacement of epithelial foot... | 11,933 | medmcqa_train |
Recommended intervals for bitewing examination in high risk children is: | Children and adolescents with high risk factors for caries, must be examined with bitewing radiography atleast once in 6-12 months, whereas for adults it is 6-18 months. | 11,934 | medmcqa_train |
In which of the following poisonings Mc Ewan Sign is seen? | In acute alcohol intoxication when patient goes to the stage of coma, the pupils are contracted but stimulation of the patient cause them to dilate with slow return. This is known as Mc Ewan Sign. Carbolic acid poisoning: Odour of breath, white patches on lips and mouth and carboluria. Carbon Monoxide poisoning: Histor... | 11,935 | medmcqa_train |
A 35-year-old Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) patient on Insulin for the past 10 years com- plains of gradually progressive painless loss of vision. Most likely he has | (A) Cataract> Patients present with chronic, slowly progressive and generally painless visual loss. The reduction in vision is usually bilateral, though frequently asymmetrical, and occurs over weeks to years.> More common conditions that cause gradual loss of vision can be divided into two groups based on the reversib... | 11,936 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following carcinoma is familial - | Familial cancers
these cancers may occur at higher frequency in certain families without a clearly defined pattern of transmission.
Virtually all the common types of cancers that occur sporadically have also been reported to occur in familial forms.
examples include carcinomas of
breast
brain
colon
melanoma
ovary
lymp... | 11,937 | medmcqa_train |
Which of these amino acids will migrate slowest to the anode end at the physiological pH-? | Positively charged (cationic) amino acids are attracted to the negative electrode (the cathode), and negatively charged (anionic) amino acids are attracted to the positive electrode (the anode). An amino acid at its isoelectric point has no net charge, so it does not move. So at the physiological pH, amino acid with po... | 11,938 | medmcqa_train |
Congenital coxa vara is treated by: | CONGENITAL COXA VARA Clinical Presentation Painless limp in a child who has just staed walking Shoening-Limitation of abduction and internal rotation Radiological Reduced neck shaft angle (varus) Veical epiphysis plate Separate triangle of bone in infero-medial pa of metaphysis called as Fairbank's triangle Treatment d... | 11,939 | medmcqa_train |
Resting membrane potential depends mainly on | Since K+ permeability is greater than Na+ permeability, therefore, K+ channels maintain the RMP.(Ref: Textbook of physiology AK Jaun 5th edition Page no.35) | 11,940 | medmcqa_train |
Which complex of ETC is not associated with liberation of energy - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Complex II o During the transfer of electrons through the ETC, energy is produced. This energy is coupled to the formation of ATP molecules by phosphorylation of ADP by an enzyme F0F1, ATPase. The phosphorylation of ADP into ATP is coupled with oxidation of reducing equivalents, therefore the process ... | 11,941 | medmcqa_train |
Is the most common type of congenital cataract: | Ans. Lamellar cataract | 11,942 | medmcqa_train |
Disc oedema is seen in: | Ans. (a) CRVORef: Parson's 22/e, p. 350Swollen optic disc or disc oedema - causesUnilateralPapillitis or optic neuritis involving the nerve head (sudden loss of vision with subsequent improvement young age)Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (sudden loss of vision usually without improvement old age)Orbital tumours (sl... | 11,943 | medmcqa_train |
C wave in JVP is DUE TO | ref : rhagawa rao cardiology | 11,944 | medmcqa_train |
Estrogen receptor activity is clinically useful in predicting | The likelihood of response of a breast cancer to hormonal therapy is dependent on the presence of hormone receptors in the cytoplasm of the breast cancer cells. Receptors for corticosteroids, progesterone, prolactin, and estrogen have been identified. Eighty percent of patients with tumors that exhibit receptors to bot... | 11,945 | medmcqa_train |
Sympathetic trunk rests on | The sympathetic trunk lies just lateral to the veebral bodies for the entire length of the veebral column. ... The sympathetic trunk permits preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system to ascend to spinal levels superior to T1 and descend to spinal levels inferior to L2/3 The superior end of it is continued ... | 11,946 | medmcqa_train |
Increased BMR is associated with ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Increased glycolysisIncreased BMR is associated with hypermetabolic state which is characterized by :?A) Carbohydrate metablismi) | Glycolysisii) | Gluconeogenesisiii) | Glycogenesisiv) | GlycogenolysisB) Lipid metablismi) | Lipogenesisii) | Lipolysisiii) | Cholesterol Synthesisiv) | Triacylglycerol S... | 11,947 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following can cause SLE like syndrome EXCEPT | Ref - researchgate.net | 11,948 | medmcqa_train |
True about collagen is all Except | COLLAGENS HAVE A TRIPLE HELIX STRUCTUREAll collagen types have a triple helical structure. A striking characteristic of collagen is the occurrence of glycine residues at every third position of the triple helical poion of the alpha chain. This is necessary because glycine is the only amino acid small enough to be accom... | 11,949 | medmcqa_train |
Which fibrinolytic agent selectively activate fibrin bound plasminogen rather than circulating plasminogen | FIBRINOLYTICS (Thrombolytics) Alteplase It is moderately specific for fibrin bound plasminogen, so that circulating fibrinogen is lowered only by ~ 50%. It is rapidly cleared by liver and inactivated by plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). The plasma t 1/2 is 4-8 min. Because of the sho t 1/2 , it needs to be giv... | 11,950 | medmcqa_train |
Gaisbock syndrome is known as- | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Spurious Polycythemia o Gaisbock syndrome refers to spurious polycythemia or relative erythrocytosis due to decreased plasma volume. | 11,951 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following statements in context of leukemias is true? | Explaining other options,
Chronic myeloid leukemia occurs beyond 50 years of age…Robbins 8th/
Hairy cell leukemic is present in median age of 55 years and has M:F ratio of 5:1. HCL tends to follow an indolent course. For unclear reasons, the tumor cells are exceptionally sensitive to particular chemotherapeutic regime... | 11,952 | medmcqa_train |
Most common drug induced skin reaction: | Ans. b (Morbilliform rash). (Ref Harrison's medicine 18,h/ch. 55)DRUG-INDUCED SKIN REACTIONSMaculopapular eruptions are seen in the classic childhood viral exanthems, including:1)rubeola (measles)a prodrome of Coryza, Cough, and Conjunctivitis followed by Koplik's spots on the buccal mucosa; the eruption begins behind ... | 11,953 | medmcqa_train |
A preterm baby developed bullous lesion on the skin soon after bih. The X- ray shows periostitis. What should be the next investigation? | The baby described in the question stem is most likely suffering from the early manifestations of congenital syphilis. As per the choices given VDRL is the test done to diagnose syphilis. Ref: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 16th Edition, Page 981; Skin Diseases & Sexually Transmitted Infections, Uday Khopk... | 11,954 | medmcqa_train |
Globular heart with plethoric lung fields is seen in | Globular heart with plethoric lung fields - TGA
Globular heart with Oligemic lung fields - Tricuspid atresia, Ebstein's anomaly | 11,955 | medmcqa_train |
Presently surgical treatment of choise in a 22 year male with - 10D myopia is | Ans. Phakic refractive lens | 11,956 | medmcqa_train |
7 year old child presents with poor wound healing, Perifollicular hemorrhages and sharp and painful swellings at the costochondral junction of ribs. Which of the following treatments are recommended | The clinical presentation points towards scurvy and it can be treated by supplementing the diet with citrus fruits which are rich source of vitamin C. | 11,957 | medmcqa_train |
Following are premalignant except - | Hyperplastic polyp has no malignant potential. | 11,958 | medmcqa_train |
All are true except – | Amongst the inhalational agents, halothane has no analgesic action.
Halothane sensitizes the heart to adrenaline, causes bronchodilatation and can cause hepatitis. | 11,959 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following processoccur in Mitochondria, except: | Fatty acid synthesis | 11,960 | medmcqa_train |
Ballooning of hepatocyte is not associated with? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Chronic viral hepatitis o Ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes is generally considered a form of apoptosis, and is a descriptor used in the context of inflamed fatty liver (steatohepatitis)o Most common cause of ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes is non alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).o Other ca... | 11,961 | medmcqa_train |
Calibre of a firearm is? | Distance between two diagonally opposite lands REF: Parikh 6th edition page 4.26 Caliber technicically means diameter of the inside of the bore (land to land) in 1/100' of an inch. Thus, caliber 22 means 22/100 inch= 0.22 | 11,962 | medmcqa_train |
Neonatal meningitis is caused by | The most common causes ofneonatal meningitis is bacterialinfection of the blood, known as bacteremia (specifically group B streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae), Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes). Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition | 11,963 | medmcqa_train |
Thinnest portion of sclera - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Posterior to rectus muscle insertion o Thinnest portion of sclera - Posterior to insertions of rectus muscle.o Thickest portion of sclera - Posterior pole.o The thickness of the sclera varies according to location : -At the limbus, the sclera is 0[?]8 mm thick.Anterior to the rectus muscle insertions,... | 11,964 | medmcqa_train |
A 50 year old man presents to the clinic with multiple abcesses and discharging sinus present on his left foot. X-ray of the foot shows destructive changes in the underlying bone. Which of the following is the most likely causative organism? | Patient in this question is most likely suffering from Actinomycotic mycetoma caused by Nocardia and Actinomadura species. Disease begins as a papule or a nodule and slowly progress into multiple abcesses and sinus tracts ramifying deep into the tissue. Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole or dapsone are effective in the trea... | 11,965 | medmcqa_train |
NFHS - 3 is conducted during | National family health survey-3 conducted in India during 2005-2006 provides detailed information of feility trends Reference: Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine; 23rd edition | 11,966 | medmcqa_train |
Green blue postmortem discoloration is seen in which poisoning – | The colour of postmortem hypostasis in hydrogen sulphide poisoning is bluish green. It is an asphyxiant which inhibits cytochrome oxidase. | 11,967 | medmcqa_train |
Cells involved in humoral immunity - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., B-eells o There are two main types of adaptive immunity:-1. Cell mediated (cellular) immunity.# Mediated by T-lymphocytes# Responsible for defense against intracellular microbes.2. Humoral immunity# Mediated by B-lymphocytes and antibodies.# Protects against extracellular microbes and their toxins. | 11,968 | medmcqa_train |
Hormone substrate concentration affects the velocity of enzymatic action. This is based upon the following: | The Michaelis-Menten equation illustrates in mathematical terms the relationship between initial reaction velocity vi and substrate concentration . Vi=Vmax /Km+ The Michaelis constant Km is the substrate concentration at which vi is half the maximal velocity (Vmax/2) attainable at a paicular concentration of the enzyme... | 11,969 | medmcqa_train |
Unit of one of radiation absorbed is – | Units of potency
Roentgen and coulomb per kilograme → Units of exposure. It is the amount to which a person is exposed.
Red and Gray → Units of absorbed dose. It is the amount which is absorbed per gram of tissue.
Rem and Sievert → Product of the absorbed dose and the modifying factor. Represent the degree of potent... | 11,970 | medmcqa_train |
Cholangiography T-tube done after how many days of cholecystectomy: | Cholangiography T-tube done after 7-10 days of cholecystectomy. | 11,971 | medmcqa_train |
Chancroid is caused by ? | ANSWER: (A) H. Ducrei REF: Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases p. 102 Repeat in June 2010 See APPENDIX-47 below for list of "STD's" CHANCROID (SOFT SORE) This venereal infection is caused by the Gram-negative bacillus Haemophilus ducreyi. One to 5 days post-infection, a soft sloughy ulcer appears on the penis or vulva. The... | 11,972 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following muscle relaxants is free of cardiovascular effects over the entire clinical dose range? | Pancuronium rapid IV injection may cause rise in BP and tachycardia due to cabal blockade and NA release. Vecuronium has cardiovascular stability due to lack of histamine release and ganglionic action. Atracuronium hypo tension may occur due to histamine release. Pipecuronium transient hypotension and bradycardia may o... | 11,973 | medmcqa_train |
For conversion of asparatate to asparagine, nitrogen comes from ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., GlutamineSynthesis of asparagine from aspaate is catalyzed by asparagine synthetase.Donor of amide group (containing nitrogen) in this reaction is glutamine. | 11,974 | medmcqa_train |
Increased risk of cardio toxicity associated with local anesthetics requires a dose reduction in all of the following except | Life threatening cardiovascular toxicity, including left ventricular depression, atrioventricular hea block,ventricular arrhythmia is seen more in patients with deceased liver function, acidosis and in shock. The risk factors for developing LAST (Local Anesthetic systemic toxicity)can be categorized into those that are... | 11,975 | medmcqa_train |
The minimum possible score in “Glasgow coma scale’’ is | Explanation: Glasgow Coma Scale for Head Injury | 11,976 | medmcqa_train |
True about branchial anomaly: | Most commonly due to 2nd branchial remnants Repeat, from Nov 09 & Nov 06 Branchiogenic Anomalies Branchial anomalies are remnants of the branchial apparatus present during the embryonic life. Embryologically the structures of head and neck are derived from 5 pairs of branchial arches, their intervening clefts externall... | 11,977 | medmcqa_train |
Ulcerative colitis almost always involves the ... ? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Rectum | 11,978 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following muscles are derivatives of para axial mesoderm except- | Para axial (somite) derivatives- dermatome (lateral pa)- skin dermis myotome (middle pa)- skeletal muscles sclerotome (medial pa)- bone (veebrae, occipital skull bone) option 1,2 and 3 are skeletal muscles. Detrusor is a smooth muscle of genitourinary system derived from intermediate mesoderm. | 11,979 | medmcqa_train |
Sarcoma botyroides in vagina is seen in which age- | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Less than 8 yrs Sarcoma botvroides (Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma)o Special type of mixed mesodermal tumour commonly arising from cervix, rarely from vagina & uterus,o Usually arises before the age of 8 yrs.o Presents with blood stained watery vaginal discharge, anemia & cachexia,o Vaginal examination sh... | 11,980 | medmcqa_train |
The father of modern epidemiological surveillance is | William Farr is often referred to as the father of modern epidemiological surveillance. Textbook on Public Health and Community Medicine pg: 14. | 11,981 | medmcqa_train |
Which among the following is the treatment of choice for senile vaginitis? | Intravaginal application of estrogen cream is the treatment of choice in senile vaginitis. Since 1/3rd of the vaginal estrogen is systemically absorbed, this treatment is contraindicated in women with a history of breast or endometrial cancer. In senile vaginitis, the vaginal epithelium is thinned and and is susceptibl... | 11,982 | medmcqa_train |
Typical silvery scales of psoriasis are absent in - | <p>PSORIASIS:-Inflammatory skin disease.Genetic predisposition. Psoriasis susceptibility 1 (PSORS1) is the most impoant susceptibility locus. Clinical features:-1. Classic lesion-Well defined erythematous plaque with a silvery white scales.2. Size varies from pin point papules to plaques. Types:-1. Chronic plaque psori... | 11,983 | medmcqa_train |
Economic benefits of any programme are compared with the costs incurred in | Cost-benefit analysis, in which benefits are compared to cost of the program. The benefits are expressed in monetary termsThe main drawback with this technique is that benefits in the health field, as a result of a paicular programme, cannot always be expressed in monetary terms.Park 23e pg:871 | 11,984 | medmcqa_train |
Most common tumour due to radiation arises from - | Hematological malignancies e.g., leukemias are the most common radiation induced cancers. | 11,985 | medmcqa_train |
"Gonadotropin evaluation" For the evaluation, select the most appropriate day of a normal 28-day menstrual cycle for a woman with 5-day menstrual periods. (SELECT 1 DAY) | The diagnostic evaluation of an infertile couple should be thorough and completed as rapidly as possible. The primary diagnostic steps in the workup of the infertile couple include (1) documentation of ovulation by measurement of basal body temperature (BBT) or mid-luteal phase serum progesterone; (2) semen analysis; (... | 11,986 | medmcqa_train |
True about vitiligo are all except: | VITILIGO -Autoimmune disorder -Skin biopsy specimen shows absence of melanocytes. Poor prognostic factors: Leucotrichia Long standing type Lesions over bony prominences Acrofacial -Surgical treatment is indicated if medical treatment fails and disease is stable for >1 year. - Modalities : Skin grafting Non-cultured aut... | 11,987 | medmcqa_train |
A 9-year-old child is restless. He is hyperactive and his teacher complaints that he does not listen to the teachings. Disturbs other students, he also shows less interest in playing. The likely diagnosis is – | The child in question has following problems.
Child is hyperactive
He does not listen to teachings
Difficulty in playing
Disturbs other students
All these are features of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). | 11,988 | medmcqa_train |
After a leisure trip, a patient comes with gritty pain in eye, and joint pain. What is the most probable diagnosis? | ANSWER: (A) Reiter's syndromeREF: Harrison's 18th ed chapter 325This is a case of reiters syndrome or reactive arthritis with a classical triad of arthritis, conjunctivitis (gritty feeling in eyes) 8t urethritis.Important points about reactive arthritis:Reactive arthritis (ReA) refers to acute nonpurulent arthritis com... | 11,989 | medmcqa_train |
Distance between nodal point and cornea in Listing's Reduced eye is- | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 7.2 mm PointDistance in Listing's Reduced EyeNodal Point7.2mm behind the anterior corneal surfaceAnterior Focal Point15.7 mm anterior to anterior corneal surfacePosterior Focal point24.13mm behind anterior corneal surfaceAnterior focal length17.2mmPosterior Focal length22.63mmUniform Refractive Index1... | 11,990 | medmcqa_train |
Body clock is maintained by - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Suprachiasmatic nucleus o A person's circadian rhythm is an internal biological clock that regulates a variety of biological processes according to an approximate 24-hour periods. Several body functions show a circadian (24 hour) rhythmo These functions include feeding, drinking, locomotor activity, s... | 11,991 | medmcqa_train |
Punishment for Rape is under which section of IPC - | Ref: Textbook of forensic medicine and toxicology (V.V.Pillay)17th edition page no.389 The punishment for rape is prescribed in sec.376IPC with two subsection. Subsection 1:for rape described in Sec.375IPC imprisonment for at least seven years and liability to fine,unless victim is his own wife and is not less than twe... | 11,992 | medmcqa_train |
Stomach is supplied by ? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above | 11,993 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is the most impoant risk factor in the aetiology of intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) in neonates? | All the options mentioned in the question are risk factors for IVH. However, the single most impoant factor is prematurity with IVH being very uncommon in term babies IVH occur due to fragile, highly vascular collection of vessels near the lateral ventricle, known as germinal matrix | 11,994 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following drug shows the phenomenon of vasomotor reversal of Dale after administration of an Alpha adrenergic blocker | Ref-KDT 6/e p123 vasomotor reversal ot dale is seen with adrenaline. When this drug is infused quickly, initially there is rise in blood pressure (due to sitmulation of a receptors) followed by prolonged fall (beta2 action). alpha-blocking drugs inhibit the initial rise and only fall in blood pressure is recorded. This... | 11,995 | medmcqa_train |
Dexmedetomidine acts on which receptor for its analgesic action - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., a2A o Dexmedetomidine is a centrally active selective a2A agonist.o Has been explained in previous sessions. | 11,996 | medmcqa_train |
Precocious puberty may be seen in all of the following conditions except. | Ans. is d, i.e. HyperthyroidismRef: Jeffcoate 7th/ed, p116-118* Remember hypothyroidism and not hyperthyroidism causes precocious puberty.Reason:In hypothyroidism|| TSH|| Stimulation of FSH|Precocious pubertyIf precocious puberty is associated with delayed bone age it suggests primary hypothyroidism.Q | 11,997 | medmcqa_train |
For each description, choose the neurotransmitter with which it is usually associated: Ingestion of l-tryptophan increases the levels of this substance in the brain. | The amino acid l-tryptophan is the precursor for serotonin, which is a neurotransmitter needed for non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep as well as for mood and pain modulation. Up to 70 to 90% of brain norepinephrine is produced in the pontine nucleus, locus ceruleus. Dopamine is implicated in schizophrenia and also in ... | 11,998 | medmcqa_train |
In a child with respiratory distress, failure to thrive. His sweat chloride leveles were estimated 35 meq/L and 41 meq/L. What is next best test to do cystic fibrosis for diagnosis aEUR' | Trans epithelial nasal potential difference Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis Sweat chloride testing The sweat test is the standard approach to diagnosis. The diagnosis is made by elevated sodium and chloride level in the sweat > 60 meoll. Two tests on different days are required .for accurate diagnosis. A normal sweat chlo... | 11,999 | medmcqa_train |
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