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Which of the following drugs is an inducer of microsomal enzymes?
Enzyme Inducers G Griseofulvin P Phenytoin R Rifampicin S Smoking Cell Carbamazepine Phone Phenobarbitone Rifampicin induces the following cytochrome enzymes: CYP3A4 CYP1A2 CYP2C9 CYP2C19
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Which of the following is NOT TRUE about intermittent claudication?
Relieve of symptoms is not dependant upon sitting or other positional changes. Intermittent claudication: It refers to the pain or fatigue in muscles of the lower limb caused by walking and relieved by rest. Claudication is derived from the latin word for "liping, lame", strictly speaking, the term should be used only ...
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A 40-year-old woman presents with progressive palmoplantar pigmentation. X-ray spine shows calcification of IV disc. On adding benedicts reagent to urine, it gives greenish brown precipitate and blue-black supernatant fluid. What is the diagnosis?
Ans. B. AlkaptonuriaAlkaptonuriaAutosomal Recessive disorder is due to a deficiency of Homogentisic Acid Oxidase1st inborn error detectedBelongs to Garrod's Tetrad Biochemical DefectHomogentisate Oxidase deficiency leads to accumulation of Homogentisic Acid (Homogentisate) which polymerises to form Alkaptone bodies.Cli...
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The most common translocation seen in patients with Multiple Myeloma is
Answer is A (t(11;14)) The most common translocation seen in patients with Multiple Myeloma is 01;14). `The most common translocation seen in patients with Multiple Myeloma is t(11;14)(q13;q32) involving the BCL1 locus on chromosome 11g13 and the immunoglobulin heavy (IgH) chain locus on chromosome 14q13 which leads to...
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A 3-year-old child's mother notes that a large port wine stain on the left side of the child's face has not diminished in size since birth. This irregular, slightly raised, red-blue area is not painful, but is very disfiguring. Histologically, this lesion is most likely composed of a proliferation of which of the follo...
The most common tumor of infancy is a hemangioma, and these benign neoplasms form a large percentage of childhood tumors as well. Although benign, they can be large and disfiguring. Fibromatoses are fibromatous proliferations of soft tissues that form solid masses. Lymphangioma is another common benign childhood tumor ...
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Most common site of ectopic pancreatic tissue
Accessory pancreatic tissue found in stomach duodenum or mechel's diverticulam.
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Treatment in 6 month old child with acute watery diarrhoea without signs of dehydration is –a) Mothers milk and household fluidsb) ORS and antibioticsc) Mothers milk and antibioticsd) Mothers milk and ORS
Treatment plan to prevent dehydration - Plan A The mother should be educated to use increased amount of culturally appropriate home available fluids. In addition, they should be given ORS packets for use at home. Breast feeding should not be discontinued.
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Blink reflex is used for
Ans. a. Mid pontine lesions The Blink Reflex Test (B) is a neurophysiological examination used for evaluation of brainstem reflex circuits.: In veebrate anatomy the brainstem (or brain stem) is the posterior pa of the brain, adjoining and structurally continuous with the spinal cord. It is usually described as includin...
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True statement regarding Pulmonary ventilation is
A i.e. PaO2 is maximum at apexVentilation perfusion ratio is maximum at the Apex of lungQ and minimum at base.In an upright positionVentilation per unit lung volume is greatest at basePerfusion per unit lung volume is greatest at base- a 2 is maximum at apex.High V- p ratio at the apex accounts for predilection of the ...
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A 60-year-old woman presents with generalized edema, skin ulceration and hypeension. Urine examination shows subnephrotic proteinuria
Answer is B > C (Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia): The presence of skin ulceration on clinical examination in a female patient around the 6th decade ors a diagnosis of Essential Mixed Cryoglobulinemia over MPGN. Neveheless if Essential Mixed Cryoglobulinemia were not amongst the options MPGN would be the single best a...
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A 45 year old man who is a known hypeensive complains of fever, migraine, loss of appetite, myalgia and presented with ulcerations on the calf and near the malleoli. On examination, splinter haemorrhages and palpable purpura were noted. On CT angiography, aneurysm and stenosis of medium sized vessels were observed. The...
The most likely diagnosis is polyaeritis nodosa which is an example of Type III hypersensitivity reaction. In type III hypersensitivity, immune complexes may deposit in tissues or blood vessels, and elicit an acute inflammatory reaction by activating the complement system. The inflammatory reaction causes tissue injury...
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Unlike other GI secretions, salivary secretion is controlled almost exclusively by the nervous system and is significantly inhibited by:
Ans. A. AtropineSalivary secretion is inhibited by atropine. Atropine is an anticholinergic drug that competitively inhibits ACh at postganglionic sites, inhibiting parasympathetic activity. Pilocarpine actually stimulates salivation because of its muscarinic action. Cimetidine is an antagonist for the histamine H2 rec...
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While recording the rest position of the mandible, the patient’s head position should be
In this position, action of the muscles that regulate mandibular position is equalized and mandible is free of any undue pull of any muscle.
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Occipitomental x ray view of paranasal sinuses with open mouth is Known as
ref : hazarika 4th ed
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Which of the following is suitably accommodated within the first turn of an alpha helix?
The stability of an alpha helix arises primarily from hydrogen bonds formed between the oxygen of the peptide bond carbonyl and the hydrogen atom of the peptide bond nitrogen of the fouh residue down the polypeptide chain. The ability to form the maximum number of hydrogen bonds, supplemented by van der Waals interacti...
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Knee joint in a patient with Hemophilic ahritis shows all of the following except
Following are the characteristic finding in knee Hemophilic ahritis SUBACUTE OR CHRONIC AHRITIS * Recurrent hemahroses, may lead to a self-perpetuating condition * Joint abnormalities persist in intervals between bleeding episodes * Involved joint is chronically swollen although painless and only slightly warm * Chroni...
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At physiological pH, carboxy terminal of peptide is
In ion-exchange chromatography, proteins interact with the stationary phase by charge-charge interactions. Proteins with a net positive charge at a given pH will tightly adhere to beads with negatively charged functional groups such as carboxylates or sulfates (cation exchangers).   Harper, Ed 30, Pg 27
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Percentage of Halothane metabolized ?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., 20% Most of the inhaled anaesthetics are eliminated from lungu though some metabolism in liver may occur. In terms of extent of hepatic metabolism, the rank of order is methoxyflurane (> 50%) > Halothane (20%) > Ether (10-157o) > enflurane (3-5%) desflurane (< 0.1%) > NrO (0%). NrO does not have any m...
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Second most common cause of chromosomal abnormality causing mental retardation -
"Fragile X syndrome is the second most common genetic cause of mental retardation, after Down syndrome".
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Which of the following is not a tumor marker:
Human leucocyte antigen A2 REF: Harper biochemistry 25th edition page 809, (American cancer society) http://www.cancer. org/acs/groups/cid/documents/webcontent/003189-pdf.pdf, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor_antigen, See APPENDIX-26 for list of "Tumor markers" A tumor marker is a substance found in the blood, urine,...
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Which of the following is the usual presenting symptom of pseudocyst in pancreatitis?
Pseudocysts are caused by pancreatitis in 90% of cases and by trauma in 10%. Approximately 85% are located in the body or tail of the pancreas. Some patients have two or more pseudocysts. Abdominal pain is the usual presenting complaint. Reference: Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition, Page 2642
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Which of the following statement regarding Clomiphene citrate is true?
Clomiphene citrate is a racemic mixture of enclomiphene & zuclomiphene. Clomiphene citrate is a triphenylethylene; its two isomers, zuclomiphene (cis-clomiphene) and enclomiphene (trans-clomiphene), are a weak estrogen agonist and a potent antagonist, respectively. The incidence of multiple pregnancies is approximately...
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Most common site affected by psoriasis is?
ANSWER: (B) Extensor surfaceREF: Rook's textbook of dermatology 7th e p. 35.1"Most commonly involved areas in psoriasis is Extensor aspect of knees, elbows & Scalp"
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Fibrinoid necorsis with neutrophilic infiltration is seen in ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., PAN
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Twelve-year-old boy with vesicle over lip. Investigation to be done is:
Ans. b. Tzanck smearHerpes labialis occurs due to HSV-I injection on Tzanck smear shows, multinucleated giant cells (MNGC).
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Baker's cyst is
Ans. b (Herniation of synovium of knee joint) (Ref. Maheshwari orthopedics 3rd/pg. 276)Baker's cyst is formed when synovial fluid (fluid that is produced by the joint lining to lubricate and protect the joints) escapes from the knee joint capsule (also called the synovial sac or synovium) and forms a new sac outside th...
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The major storage and circulatory form of vitamin D is:-
Cholecalciferol is first hydroxylated at 25th position to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH o3) bv a specific hydroxylase present in  liver. 25-OH D3 is the major storage and circulatory form of vitamin D. Reference: Satyanarayana- Biochemistry, 3rd edition, pg-125
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Bosophillic stippling is seen in
Refer robbins 8/e p406 Lead poisoning is a type of metal poisoningcaused by lead in the body. The brain is the most sensitive. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, constipation, headaches, irritability, memory problems, inability to have children, and tingling in the hands and feet. It causes almost 10% of intellectual...
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Risk of malignancy in BIRADS score 2 is
BIRADS score - Breast Imaging Repoing and Data System Category 2- Negative, routine mammogram in 1 year is recommended
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Rota virus causes -
rota virus is the mos common causevof diatrheal disease in infants&children REF:ANATHANARAYANAN MICROBIOLOGY NINTH EDITION PAGE.561
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Retinal holes are seen in which quadrant
Retinal breaks are most frequently found in the periphery ( commonest in the upper temporal quadrant ) Ref : khurana 6 th edition , page no. 296
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Nongonococcal urethritis is caused by:
Ans. is a, i.e. ChlamydiaRef: Harrison 17th/ed, p823; Current diagnosis and treatment of STI p15Non gonococcal urethritis is caused by:* Chlamydia trachomatis (30-40%)* Ureaplasma urealyteum* Mycoplasma genitalium* E coli* Ureaplasma urealyticum* Trichomonas vaginalis* Herpes simplex virusRare Cases:* Anaerobic bacteri...
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Babu is brought to the emergency as a case of road traffic accident. He is hypotensive. Most likely ruptured organ is ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Spleen Most common abdominal organ to rupture following blunt trauma is spleen.
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PQLI lies between
PQLI -Physical quality of life index. The value is the average statistics, literacy rate, infant moality, life expectancy at age 1 ,all equally weighted on a 0 to 100 scale
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Jackson's cross cylinder test is used for -
Jackson's crosscylinder test : It is used to verify the strength and axis of the cylinder prescribed. The crosscylinder is a combination of two cylinders of equal strength but with opposite sign placed with their axes at right angles to each other and mounted in a handle . The commonly used crosscylinders are of +-0.25...
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The following statements regarding peritoneal ligaments are TRUE, EXCEPT:
Phrenicocolic ligament is present between diaphragm and transverse colon. The peritoneal ligaments recognized in the greater omentum are:Gastrophrenic ligament: between the stomach and diaphragm above the spleenGastrolienal ligament: between stomach and spleenLienorenal ligament: between spleen and kidneyPhrenicocolic ...
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Parietal cells are found in which area of stomach
Parietal cells also known as oxyntic cells are found in Fundus and body of stomach which secretes HCL and intrinsic factor which helps in absorption of vitamin B12. Parietal cells are much more in Fundus so it is a better option. Mucus or goblet cells are seen in cardiac and pyloric pa.
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Chromosomal translocation seen in CML is:
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)is characterized by a cytogenetic aberration consisting of a reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 22 and 9 . The translocation results in a shoened chromosome 22. This translocation relocates an oncogene called ABL from the long arm of chromosome 9 to a specifi...
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magnocellularr and parvocellular neurons project to ?
ref : guyton and hall
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Hydroxyethyl starch is a-
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Plasma expander Plasma expanders o These are high molecular weight substances which exes colloidal osmotic (oncotic) pressure, and when infused i.v. retain fluid in the vascular compament. o Human plasma or reconstituted huma albumin are the best, However, the former carries the risk of transmitting s...
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Advantage of using digoxin in CHF is:
Digitalis (By increasing cardiac contractility) and Diuretics (by decreasing fluid overload) are used as symptomatic therapy of CHF. These drugs do not retard cardiac remodelling or prolong survival in CHF patients.
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In asymmetrical IUGR which organ is not affected –
IUGR is classified as 1) Symmetric IUGR Reduced growth is an asymmetric → head circumference, length and weight equally affected. Has earlier onset. Is associated with diseases that seriously affect fetal cell number, such as conditions with chromosomal, genetic malformation, teratogenic, infectious or severe maternal...
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Which of the following is a cerebro selective calcium channel blocker?
Ans. (a) NimodipineRef KDT 6/e, p 172
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Bennett's fracture-dislocation is associated with fracture of
Ans. c (First metacarpal) (Ref. Maheshwari orthopedics 4th/99)Bennett's fracture-dislocation# Oblique intraarticular fracture of the base of first metacarpal with subluxation/dislocation of the metacarpal.# It is sustained due to longitudinal force applied to the joint, usually from forced abduction of thumb.# Rx:- Clo...
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Which of the following drug is ADP receptor inhibitor?
ANSWER: (B) ClopidogrelREF: Lippincott pharmacology 6th ed page 263"Tidopidine and clopidogrel are structurally related drugs that irreversibly inhibit platelet activation by blocking specific purinergic receptors for AD P on the platelet membrane"ANTIPLATELET DRUGSIrreversible cyclooxygenase inhibitors:Acetylsalicylic...
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International prognostic index for lymphomas includes the following prognostic factors except
Hemoglobin and albumin The international prognostic index (HI) designed as prognostic factor model for aggressive NHL also appears to be useful for predicting the outcomes of: - Clinical features included in the IPI that are independently predictive of survival include the following : - Age --> Younger than 60 years ve...
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About Mayer rokitansky kuster hauser syndrome
Mayer Rokitansky Kuster Hauser syndrome ; Mullerian Agenesis (karyotype;46XX) (Phenotype female) Vagina,Uterus,Fallopian tubes absent. Typically ovaries are normal Secondary sexual characters are well developed May be associated with urologic anomalies and Skeletal malformations Management; 1.Frank dilatation 2.Vaginop...
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Assessment of the visual acuity in children below 2 years of age can be made by the following tests, except:
Ans. Landolt's chas
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X-ray of a young man shows hetrotopic calcification around bilateral knee joints. Next investigation would be
Serum phosphate This young man most probably has tumoral calcinosis Tumoral calcinosis Tumoral calcinosis is a rare condition which primarily, but not exclusively affects black people in otherwise good health. This disease usually presents in the second decade of lifeand is characterised by deposition of painless calci...
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Spinothalamic tract carries the following EXCEPT:
Ans. d (Vibration). (Ref. Ganong, Physiology, 21 st/pg.- 139)SPINOTHALAMIC OR ANTEROLATERAL TRACT CARRIESDORSAL COLUMN TRACT CARRIES1. Crude touch1. Fine touch2. Pressure2. Position sense3. Position sense3. Vibration4. Pain including itching4. Pressure sense5. Warm and cold sensation
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Which of the following act as antioxidants:
All Correct - A,B & C
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Which of the following anti emetic acts by stimulating cannabinoid - 1 (CB1) receptors
Dronabinol is an anti - emetic which acts by stimulating Cannabinoid -1 receptors which also can stimulate appetite.
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Atherosclerosis is seen with which bacteria
Robbins.. “Herpes virus, cytomegalovirus and Chlamydia pneumoniae have all been detected in atherosclerotic plaques but not in normal arteries, and seroepidemiologic studies find increased antibody titers to C. pneumoniae in patients with more severe atherosclerosis”.
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Sensation transmitted by pacinian corpuscles is:
Ans. D. VibrationSENSE ENDINGS ACTIVATEDPain Cutaneous nociceptorsTemperature, heat Cutaneous thermoreceptors for hotTemperature, cold Cutaneous thermoreceptors for coldTouch Cutaneous mechanoreceptors, also naked endingsVIBRATION Mechanoreceptors, especially PACINIAN CORPUSCLES (Pressure also) QJoint position Joint ca...
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Novus actus interveniens is related to?
Ans. is 'b' i.e. Breaking of chain Novus Actus Interveniens:o A person is responsible for his actions and its consequences. This principle applies to cases of assault or accidental injuries. However, sometime such continuity of events is broken by an entirely new and unexpected happening, due to negligence of some othe...
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Mechanism of action of actinomycin D is -
Ans. is 'a' i.e.. Inhibits DNA dependent RNA synthesis The anticancer antibiotics are :o Actinomycin - D (Dactinomycin)o Daunorubicin (Rubidomycin)o Mitomycin C* Doxorubicino Mitoxantroneo Mithramycin (plicamvcin)o Bleomycins o These anticancer, antibiotics obtained from micro-organisms and have prominent antitumour ac...
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Neologism is characteristic of :
Ans. D. SchizophreniaNeologisms:Refers to a new word or condensed combination of several words that is not a true word & is not readily understandable, although sometimes the intended meaning or paial meaning may be apparent.Feature of schizophrenia(thought & speech disorder)
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In a bimodal series, if mean is 2 and median is 3, what is the mode
In bimodal series Mode = 3xmedian - 2xmean= 3x3 - 2x2 = 5 Ref : Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 23rd edition - Pgno. 847
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Caries on the enamel surface leads to accentuation of:
A change in early enamel caries is the accentuation of the incremental lines of Retzius. This conspicuous appearance of the calcification lines is an optical phenomenon due to loss of minerals, which causes the organic structures to appear more prominent. There may also be accentuation of perikymata which are the exter...
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Telomerase-
By using TERC, TE can add a six-nucleotide repeating sequence, 5'-TTAGGG (in veebrates, the sequence differs in other organisms) to the 3' strand of chromosomes. These TTAGGG repeats (with their various protein binding paners) are called telomeres. The template region of TERC is 3'-CAAUCCCAAUC-5'. Telomerase can bind t...
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A 19-year-old college student smokes cannabis on a regular basis. Which of the following clinical findings is most likely to be seen an hour after inhalation?
The most common therapeutic use of cannabis is as an antiemetic during cancer chemotherapy. It might have some analgesic and anticonvulsant properties. Its ability to lower intraocular pressure has not been therapeutically useful in glaucoma. However, all the possible therapeutic effects of cannabis are accompanied by ...
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FESS means -
Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) FESS is a minimally invasive technique in which sinus air cells and sinus ostia are opened under direct vision. It is called functional because it aims to return the working of the sinus to normal. FESS is based on the hypothesis that the osteomeatal complex (maxillary sinus ...
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All of the following statements about addition silicone impression material are true EXCEPT:
Properties of Addition Silicone Pleasant odor and color. This may also cause allergic reaction so direct skin contact should be avoided. Excellent reproduction of surface details. Polyvinyl siloxanes are currently considered to reproduce the greatest detail of all the impression materials. The international standard f...
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Right bronchial vein drains into -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Azygous veinVenous Drainage of Lung1. Bronchial veinso Superficial bronchial veins drain pleura and extrapulmonary bronchi. On the right side they drain into the azygous vein and on the left side they drain into the left superior intercostal vein or hemiazygous veino Deep bronchial veins drain rest of...
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5 years old female presents with palpable purpura over the buttocks, arthralgias, abdominal pain with diarrhea with passage of blood per rectum. Patient also has presence of proteinuria. What is the most probable diagnosis -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Henoch-Schonlein purpura Henoch-Schonlein purpura* Henoch-Schonlein purpura, also referred to as anaphylactoid purpura, is a small-vessel vasculitis characterized by palpable purpura (most commonly distributed over the buttocks and lower extremities), arthralgias, gastrointestinal signs and symptoms, ...
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Anesthetic of choice for status asthmaticus is?
ANSWER: (A) Ketamine REF: Morgan's 3rd e p. 515Anesthetic of choice in status asthmaticusChildren - halothaneAdults - ketamine
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A young motorcyclist falls on the grounds leads to Creek&;s in lands. Which of the following nerve severance leads to cause to death
Vagus nerve is the tenth cranial nerve. The fibres of the cranial root of the accessory nerve are also distributed through it. The vagus nerve bears two ganglia, superior and inferior. The superior ganglion is rounded and lies in the jugular foramen. The inferior ganglion is cylindrical and lies near the base of the sk...
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What is the ideal treatment for a 55 yr female with Simple Hyperplasia of endometrium with Atypia?
Among all the given options for the patient in the clinical scenario, the best treatment option would be simple hysterectomy. There are chances of about 60-70% for simple hyperplasia of endometrium with Atypia to progress into endometrial cancer. While abdominal hysterectomy with or without oophrectomy is preferred in ...
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The hepatic poal vein is formed by the union of which of the following major vessels?
The hepatic poal vein is formed by the union of, (a) Splenic vein, which drains the spleen, pancreas, greater curvature of stomach, and (b) Superior mesenteric, which drains the small intestine andascending colon. The gastric vein, which drains the lesser curvature of the stomach, empties directly into the hepatic poal...
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Both hyperplasia and hyperophy is found in
* Uterus during pregnancy undergoes physiological hyperophy and hyperplasia under hormonal stimuli * Cardiac muscle in cardiomegaly and Skeletal muscle in adults undergoes physiological hyperophy Striated muscle cells in both hea and skeletal muscle can only undergo hyperophy because adult muscle cells have a limited c...
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Cushing syndrome is characterized by all except:
Answer is D (None -- All are seen): Cushing's syndrome may be associated with all features mentioned in the question.
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Which of the following does not belong to 3Ds of Pellagra
Options a, b, c are part of 3Ds of pellagra.
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Class I anti arrhythmic drugs belongs to all EXCEPT:
(Propranolol): Ref: ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS Class I. Membrane stabilizing agents (Na+ channel blockers) A Moderately decreases dv/dt of o-phase B Little decrease in dv/dt of o-phase C Marked decrease in du/dt of o-phase Quinidine, Procainamide Disopyramide, Mircizine Lignocaine, Mexiletine phenytoin Propafenone, Flecanide...
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Energy storage form in liver ?
Provider of energyPlasma glucoseGrams12 Kilocalories48Hepatic glycogen70280Musde glycogen2801120Fat (Triglyceride) in adipose tissue13,000117, 000Muscle protein10,00040,000
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A 40-year-old man experiences weakness and easy fatigability of 2 months' duration. Physical examination yields no remarkable findings. Laboratory studies show a serum calcium of 11.5 mg/dL, inorganic phosphorus of 2.1 mg/dL, and serum parathyroid hormone of 58 pg/mL, which is near the top of the reference range. A rad...
When a patient develops hypercalcemia, a disorder of the parathyroid glands or malignancy at a visceral location must be considered. The elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) suggests primary hyperparathyroidism. The most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism is a parathyroid adenoma. Secondary hyperparathyroidism, ...
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The most common fieid defect in papillitis is:
Ans. A relative central or centrocaecal scotoma
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Sago grain like vesicular eruption is seen in?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Pompholyx
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A 40-year-old woman presents with complaints of burning and tingling sensations in the left hand for several months. She relates that she has been frequently awakened at night by aching pain in the same hand. Pain is elicited by extreme dorsiflexion of the wrist. Most likely diagnosis?
The symptomatology is classic for carpal tunnel syndrome, which is a form of neuropathy resulting from anatomic compression of the median nerve. Pain, tingling sensations, and hypoesthesia in the distribution of the median nerve are the cardinal manifestations. These often undergo exacerbations at nighttime. A shock-li...
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which of the following is a relative contra indication for ECT
HISTORY * Medunna ====IM injection of camphor to induce seizures * Ugo cerletti and lucio bini==== ECT in a catatonic patient INDICATIONS * DEPRESSION SUICIDAL IDEAS-------------- first choice * CATATONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA * SCHIZOPHRENIA * MANIA * ELECTRODE PLACEMENT * Most commonly used=== bi fronto temporal * More cogni...
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Extramammary Paget's disease is seen in:-
Paget's disease - In extramammary involvement commonest site affected (vulva) - Presence of pruritis/red /crusted lesion/map like area usually on labia majora - Not associated with malignancy A. Epidermis is infiltrated by large cells With pale pink cytoplasm spreading along basal surface of squamous epithelium B. Immu...
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The following diagnostic tests are useful for corresponding purposes except -
For any infection (including rubella) IgM antibody alone, without IgG means current (acute) infection. Ziehl Neelsen staining is used for mycobacteria. Rapid diagnosis of influenza is made by demonstration of viral antigen in specimens by Immunofluorescence.
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A 15-year-old boy with asthma is allergic to cats. He went to a friend's house after school who has a pet cat. Later that evening (6 hours after exposure) he stas to wheeze. Which of the following drugs should have been administered in the afternoon to prevent his symptoms?
Coicosteroids and cromolyn sodium are impoant pharmacologic agents useful in the treatment of late-phase allergic reactions, which occur 6-8 hours after exposure to an allergen. Theophylline, albuterol, and antihistamines are useful for the early or immediate allergic phase of an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction,...
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A 10-year old child is undergoing squint surgery. He suddenly developed increased hea rate, arrhythmia, high fever, metabolic and respiratory acidosis on aerial blood gases and elevation of end tidal CO2. Which of the following would be the first agent of choice in the management of this condition?
Ans. a. Dantrolene Sudden development of increased hea rate, arrhythmia, high fever, metabolic and respiratory acidosis on aerial blood gases and elevation of end tidal CO, in a child undergoing squint surgery is highly suggestive of malignant hypehermia. Dantrolene would be the first agent of choice in the management ...
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When the tension becomes great enough, contraction suddenly ceases and the muscle relaxes, this phenomenon is known as:
Up to a point, the harder a muscle is stretched, the stronger is the reflex contraction. However, when the tension becomes great enough, contraction suddenly ceases and the muscle relaxes. This relaxation in response to strong stretch is called the inverse stretch reflex or autogenic inhibition. Ref: Ganong's Review of...
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Safest antimalarial drug during pregnancy is:
Proguanil
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The suppoing cells of the testes are the following:
All cells of the spermatogenic lineage are closely associated with the extended surfaces of Seoli cells and depend on them for metabolic and physical suppo. Each Seoli cell suppos 30 to 50 developing germ cells. Impoant in Seoli cell function are elaborate tight occluding junctions between their basolateral membranes t...
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All are features of atypical depression except?
Ans. D. Better response to TCAs than SSRIsWith atypical features: This specifier can be applied when these features predominate during the majority of days of the current or most recent major depressive episode or persistent depressive disorder.A. Mood reactivity (i.e., mood brightens in response to actual or potential...
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Laparoscopy is contraindicated in:
Ans. is d, i.e. PeritonitisRef: Williams Gynae 1st/ed, p932, COGDT 10th/ed, p801-2Important points to remember on laparoscopy:* CO2 is currently the insufflation gas of choice for laparoscopy. It fulfills most of the requirements for an ideal insufflation gas, being colorless, noninflammable and rapidly excreted from t...
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What is/are effect on the membrane when extracellular concentration of K+ decreased?
While K+ is positively charged and more abundant on the inside, there exists a great amount of negatively charged paicles (the anions), accounting for the negative charge inside the membrane. The cell membraneforms the border of a neuron and acts to control the movement of substances into and out of the cell. Ref guyto...
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45yr old female with sudden onset headache and neck rigidity There is no history of trauma ..
ref : david sutton 9th ed
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Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana was launched in:
Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana was launched in 2008. The objective is to improve access to health care in unorganised work force in the BPL category. Ref: Textbook of community medicine, S. Lal, 3rd edition pg: 629.
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The PO2 (in mm Hg) inside skeletal muscle cells during exercise is closest to:
The PO2 (in mm Hg) inside skeletal muscle cells during exercise is closest to - 3mm Hg The PO2 decreases severly due to muscle's oxygen demand is very high.
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Best IUCD for a woman with menorrhagia is:
Ref: Shaw's Textbook of Gynaecology 15th Edition Pg: 230Explanation:Levonorgestrel I LCD is progesterone impregnated IUCD and is recommended to control bleeding in menorrhagia.Other non contraceptive benefits of LNG IUCD:DUBEndometrial hyperplasiaIntrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCD)Biologically inert devices : Lip...
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Which of the following is not an amide:
Ans. is 'b' i.e. procaineThis one has been repeated so many times beforeAmide linked Local anaestheticsLidocaineBupivacaineDibucainePrilocaineRopivacaineEster linked local anaestheticsCocaineProcaineChlorprocaineTetracaineBenzocaine
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Degeneration of the myomata is more likely to sta from :
Centre
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Holt Oram syndrome is characterized by
Holt Oram syndrome:Hypoplastic or absent radii1st-degree hea blockASD(Refer: OP Ghai's Textbook of Pediatrics, 8th edition, pg no. 401)
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In Alzheimer disease patients, the major effect on neurotransmitter systems of tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine is to
Low levels of Ach are associated with the symptoms of Alzheimer disease. Tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (i.e., they block the breakdown of Ach, increasing its availability). These agents can thus be effective in slowing down the progression of the illness. They do ...
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All of the following causes subcutaneous fungal infections except: September 2007
Ans. A: Blastomycosis A. Superficial mycoses These affect the outer layers of the skin, the nails and hair. The main groups of fungi causing superficial fungal infections are: - Dermatophytes-Trichophyton, Microsporum and epidermophyton - Yeasts i.e. candida, malassezia, piedra - Moulds. B. Deep mycoses Subcutaneous my...
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Myodesis is employed in amputations for all of the following indications except:
D i.e. Ischemia: * Myodesis is contraindicated in cases of severe dysvascularity (ischemic limb) in which blood supply to the muscle appears compromised for fear of damaging the already precarious blood supply.* Myodesis should not be performed when vascularity is compromised (Ischemia) In Myodesis the residual muscula...
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16 year old boy presents to emergency with injury to his right index finger tip with glass piece. Which of the following radiological modality is best used for determination of glass piece in patient's finger?
Glass is always radio-opaque irrespective of content of lead and other additives. So plain X-Ray is best to look for glass foreign body.
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