query stringlengths 1 1.57k | pos stringlengths 1 22.5k | idx int64 0 161k | task_name stringclasses 1
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Shift of HCO3– out of RBC in exchange for Cl– is known as | CO2 diffuses through tissue to enter plasma
↓
Inside RBC, CO2 rects with H2O to form Carbonic acid (H2CO3)
↓
H2CO3 Splits to form H+ and HCO3– with the help of enzyme Carbonic anhydrase. | 15,000 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following porphyrias is not inherited as an Autosomal Dominant disorder - | Porphyrins are normal pigment present in haemoglobin, myoglobin and cytochrome. Porphyria refers to an uncommon disorder of inborn abnormality of porphyrin metabolism. It results from a genetic deficiency of one of the enzymes required for the synthesis of haem, resulting in excessive production of porphyrins. Often, t... | 15,001 | medmcqa_train |
Absence of Corpus callosum leads to | Agenesis of corpus callosum is a rare bih defect (congenital disorder) in which there is complete or paial absence of corpus callosum. Corpus callosum is a band of tissue connecting the two hemispheres of the brain. Fibres of corpus callosum arise from the superficial layers of the cerebral coex and they project to the... | 15,002 | medmcqa_train |
Tuberculin test is - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Intradermal o In tuberculin test, injection is given intradermally on flexor (ventral) surface of left forearm, mid-wav between elbow & wrist.Intradermal injection of PPDon flexor aspect of forearm | Examined at 48-72 hours |||Induration > 10 mmInduration < 5 mmInduration 6-9 mm|||PositiveNegativeEqui... | 15,003 | medmcqa_train |
Baby with fused eyes and single nasal chamber, undeveloped callosum. What is diagnosis? | A i.e. HoloprosencephalyRef: Nelson, Textbook of Pediatrics, 20th edition, page 2640Explanation:HoloprosencephalyDisorder of neuronal migration with defective cleavage of the prosencephalon (the forebrain of the embryo fails to develop into two hemispheres) and inadequate induction of the forebrain structures.Cause - M... | 15,004 | medmcqa_train |
Selective 5–HT4 agonist useful in gastroesophageal reflux disease and lacking arrhythmogenic property is : | Both cisapride and tegaserod are selective 5HT4 agonists useful in the treatment of GERD. Cisapride possesses cardiac K+ channel blocking activity and can lead to torsades de pointes. Tegaserod is devoid of this adverse effect. However, tegaserod has recently been withdrawn due to an increased risk of MI and stroke. | 15,005 | medmcqa_train |
Risk of Pneumococcal meningitis is seen in : | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Post Splenectomy Patient In table 138-1 p 884 a list of conditions commonly predisposing to pneumococcal infection is given.The list is very long and its not possible to memorize it so I will pick out some important ones for you.Conditions predisposing to pneumococcal infectionsLymphomaMultiple myeloma... | 15,006 | medmcqa_train |
Following is the advantage of anastrazole over tamoxifen in cases of breast carcinoma - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Prevents estrogen production from extraovarian sources o Both the drugs anastrazole and tamoxifene are used in the medical management of patients with breast carcinoma. These patients mostly belong to old age group and the main source of estrogen is from peripheral conversion of androgen to estrogen u... | 15,007 | medmcqa_train |
Most common location of lymphoma in the G.I.T? | Ans. (a) Stomach* Primary gastric lymphoma is an uncommon condition, accounting for less than 15% of gastric malignancies and about 2% of all lymphomas. However, the stomach is a very common extranodal site for lymphomas (lymphomas originating somewhere else with metastasis to stomach).It is also the most common source... | 15,008 | medmcqa_train |
Young&;s operation is indicated in | Types of rhinitisTreatmentViral rhinitis Bedrest Plenty of fluids Antihistaminic Nasal decongestants Bacterial rhinitis Antibiotics along with antihistaminicIrritative rhinitis Removal of offending agent Chronic simple rhinitis Treat the cause Nasal irrigation with alkaline solution Nasal decongestants AntibioticsHyper... | 15,009 | medmcqa_train |
Chocolate" colored post-mortem staining is seen in? | (HYPOSTASIS, POST MORTEM LIVIDITY, POSTMORTEM SUGGILLATIONS)
Lividity is a dark purple discolouration of the skin resulting from the gravitational pooling of blood in the veins and capillary beds of the dependent parts of the body following cessation of the circulation.
The process begins immediately after the circula... | 15,010 | medmcqa_train |
Only sensory branch of anterior division of mandibular nerve is: | Buccal branch of the mandibular nerve is purely sensory and is the only purely sensory branch of the anterior division of mandibular nerve. | 15,011 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following are seen in Turner syndrome EXCEPT? | Cubitus valgus is seen in Turner syndrome not cubitus varus | 15,012 | medmcqa_train |
The force of a twitch is less than that in a tetanus, BECAUSE: | There is enough elasticity in the structures transmitting force (crossbridges, thick and thin filaments, Z-disks, tendons) that the 10 nm shoening / half sarcomere produced by one cycle will not produce much force. Many cycles are needed to fully stretch these elastic elements. Ca++ must remain high as a result of a tr... | 15,013 | medmcqa_train |
The long acting analgesic used in post operative pain is | .Bupivacaine (Marcaine): It has got prolonged action. It is a vasodilator also. Dose: 3 mg/kg. Epidural block: 0.5% Spinal 0.5% 3 ml.* An epidural catheter is placed in the space and fixed. 2% xylocaine with adrenaline or 0.5% bupivacaine is injected into the space to achieve anaesthesia up to the desired level. ref:SR... | 15,014 | medmcqa_train |
The most characteristic radiographic sign in a child with leukemia is - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Metaphyseal translucencies | 15,015 | medmcqa_train |
Patient on phenothiazines complains of involuntary perioral movement this is suggestion of - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Tardive dyskinesia o Tardive dyskinesia manifests as purposeless involuntary facial and limb movement like constant chewing, pouting, puffing of cheeks, lip licking (all are perioral movement) and choreoathetoid movement. | 15,016 | medmcqa_train |
Cavitary lesion in the right lower lung with dyspnea with following histopathological appearance. Most likely diagnosis:- | Ans. C. Paragonimus with 2 layersa. Paragonimus westermani is the major species of lung fluke to infects humans, causing paragonimiasis,b. The species sometimes is called the Japanese Lung fluke or Oriental Lung fluke.c. Unembryonated eggs are passed in the sputum of a human or feline. Two weeks later, miracidia develo... | 15,017 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is renin inhibitor ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Remikiren | 15,018 | medmcqa_train |
A man weighing 60 kg has 45 % hematocrit. What will be his plasma volume? | - Blood volume = 8% of body weight So, in 60kg adult blood volume is about 4.8 liters. * Out of this 4.8 liters - 45% is hematocrit (cell volume)- 55% is plasma volume- Therefore, plasma volume = 55% of 4.8 liter - 2640 ml. | 15,019 | medmcqa_train |
A young athlete died of sudden cardiac arrest after atheletic activity. Postmoem finding revealed interventricular septal hyperophy. What is the most probable diagnosis? | Syncope and sudden death following competitive spos in young individuals is characteristic of Hyperophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM). The presence of interventricular septal hyperophy in postmoem confirms the diagnosis of HOCM. Ref: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 16th Edition, Pages 1410-11; Davidson... | 15,020 | medmcqa_train |
Poal vein begins at the level of which veebra? | The poal vein begins at the level of the second lumbar veebra and is formed from the convergence of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins. It is 8 cm long and lies anterior to the inferior vena cava and posterior to the neck of the pancreasRef: Gray's anatomy 40th edition, Chapter 85. | 15,021 | medmcqa_train |
Inguinal ligament forms the boundaries of | INGUINAL LIGAMENT:- Extends from anterior superior iliac spine to pubic tubercle. Forms boundaries of femoral triangle and Hesselbach&;s triangle. FEMORAL TRIANGLE:- Triangular depression on front of the upper one third of the thigh immediately below the inguinal ligament. BOUNDARIES :- 1. Laterally: medial border of s... | 15,022 | medmcqa_train |
Specific sign of kwashiorkor is: September 2007 | Ans. A: Pitting Edema Early signs of kwashiorkor present as general symptoms of malnutrition and include fatigue, irritability and lethargy. As protein deprivation continues the following abnormalities become apparent. Failure to thrive (failure to put on height and weight) Loss of muscle mass Pitting oedema- This is t... | 15,023 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is TRUE for morphine : | Ans. is 'b' Tolerance to all its action except constipation and miosis Tolerance is exhibited to most actions of morphine except for miosis and constipation. Morphine is a centrally acting analgesic. It has site-specific depressant and stimulant action in CNS. Morphine produces pronounce psychological and physical depe... | 15,024 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is a cause for autoimmune hemolytic anemia? | In sickle cell anemia the hemolysis is due to structural defect in the B chain causing increased stickiness. It is not immune related. | 15,025 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not a feature of congenital lobar emphysema is: | Ans. D. Macleod's syndrome is synonymous with itCongenital lobar emphysemaa. Progressive over inflation of one or multiple lobes, usually of the upper lobes or right middle lobe.b. Left upper lobe is most commonly affected (43%).c. The word emphysema is misnomer as me-e is no alveolar wall destructiond. The etiology is... | 15,026 | medmcqa_train |
HEPA filter is used to disinfect ? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Air HEPA (High-efficiency paiculate air) filter is used to remove microorganisms from air. HEPA filter traps airborne paicles and microbes. It can remove > 95% of all paicles including microorganisms with a diameter > 0.3 p.m. | 15,027 | medmcqa_train |
Colour change of putrefaction are first observed in the: | A i.e. Iliac fossa | 15,028 | medmcqa_train |
A 22-year-old primagravida woman develops hypertension at 32 weeks. She reports no vision change, headache, shortness of breath, or abdominal symptoms. Her pregnancy is uneventful until now. She has no significant past medical history and is not on any medications except vitamins.On examination the blood pressure is 16... | This patient has preeclampsia and needs treatment of her hypertension and close follow-up. In the past, there was concern that rigorous drug treatment would harm the fetus. Approximately 5%- 1% of all pregnant women develop preeclampsia which is defined as new-onset hypertension with BP > 140/90 mmHg and proteinuria > ... | 15,029 | medmcqa_train |
Neostigmine differs from Pilocarpine in having effects on | Pilocarpine is a muscarinic receptor agonist so it doesn't have effects on skeletal muscle (NM). Neostigmine, on the other hand, has indirect actions on both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors.Ref: Katzung Pharmacology; 13th edition | 15,030 | medmcqa_train |
Pruritis is seen in all except | In pemphigous there is presence of flaccid bullae that rapidly rupture producing painful erosions and heal slowly. They appear predominantly on scalp, face, flexures, trunk and periungual area. All other conditions produce itching. Iadvl textbook of dermatology | 15,031 | medmcqa_train |
A 30-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus presents to her physician at 19 weeks' gestation. She is obese and did not realize that she was pregnant until recently. She also has not been "watching her sugar" lately, but is now motivated to improve her regimen. A dilated ophthalmologic examination shows no retinopathy. A... | In the question, patient is presenting with overt diabetes mellitus i.e. she had diabetes before pregnancy also. The question says, in which the following conditions the risk of developing the condition is same in diabetic as well as nondiabetic patients in other words, which of the options is not a complication of dia... | 15,032 | medmcqa_train |
Thiamine deficiency may be seen in all of the following except: March 2009 | Ans. A: Homocystinemia Causes of thiamine deficiency: Lack of thiamine intake : - Diets consisting mainly of the following: Food containing a high level of thiaminases, including milled rice, raw freshwater fish, raw shellfish, and ferns Food high in anti-thiamine factor, such as tea, coffee, and betel nuts Processed f... | 15,033 | medmcqa_train |
What is the does of adrenaline given to a child with cardiac arrest? | (Refer: OP Ghai’s Essential pediatrics, 7th edition, pg no: 694) | 15,034 | medmcqa_train |
Which among the following is not a cause of fasting hypoglycemia? | A i.e. Glucagon excessGlucagon lit hyperglycemia as it inhibits glycolysis and stimulates gluconeogenesis.Glucose 6 phosphatase deficiency (Type Ia/Von Gierke's disease), glycogen synthase deficiency (Type 0 glycogen storage diseae), liver & muscle debranching enzyme deficiency (limit dextrinosis), liver & muscle phosp... | 15,035 | medmcqa_train |
Eight months old child had history of unusual crying and convulsions following previous vaccination after BCG, DPT & OPV (first dose) and Hepatitis B. Now parents have brought child for next doses of vaccination. Which vaccine is contraindicated in this situation? | Unusual crying following DPT is most likely to be Persistent Inconsolable Screaming. Similarly, convulsions are most likely to be d/t DPT. Hence, DPT should not be given subsequently. It can be replaced by DT. | 15,036 | medmcqa_train |
Human Mitochondrial Genome encodes: | MITOCHONDRIAL DNA: Present in eukaryotes Circular, double stranded High rate of mutations because of : no introns (prevent mutations) no repair enzymes no proof reading 1% of total cellular DNA Maternally inherited Total 67 proteins of respiratory chain, out of which 13 are from mitochondrial DNA. Multiple copies are p... | 15,037 | medmcqa_train |
All are included in acute flaccid paralysis surveillance, except - | Confirmed case in AFP surveillance is defined as acute onset of focal weakness or paralysis characterized by flaccid (reduced tone) without other obvious cause in children <15years of age. Cases of Guillain -Barre syndrome should be included as cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP).
Transient weakness (e.g. post-ictal... | 15,038 | medmcqa_train |
Bone tumour which is hormone dependent ? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Fibrous dysplasia Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia is associated with endocrine abnormalities. | 15,039 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is / are 1st line antitubercular drugs in children - | Ans. is All First line anti-tubercular drugs are same in children and adults --> INH, rifampicin, Ethambutol, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin. | 15,040 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following used for recording very low air velocity | Globe thermometer is used for Radiant temperature Kata Thermometer is also used for temperature measurement and is less sensitive to air velocity Anemometer is used to measure the velocity of the wind Psychrometer is used to measure humidity Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 25th Edition, Pg 810 | 15,041 | medmcqa_train |
Pneumatocele is commonly caused by: | Ans. (a) Streptococcus pneumonia* Pneumatocoele often occur as a sequela to acute pneumonia, commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Pulmonary pneumatoceles are thin-walled, air- filled cysts that develop within the lung parenchyma. They can be single emphysematous lesions but are more often multiple. Also occur with... | 15,042 | medmcqa_train |
Laryngeal skeleton has -cartilages- | Larynx has total 9 cartilages : 3 paired and 3 unpaired. | 15,043 | medmcqa_train |
The total fetal cardiac output at term is estimated to be ______? | The total fetal cardiac output is approximately 450 mL/Kg/min. Approximately 65% of descending aoic blood flow returns to the placenta, and hence, only the remaining 35% perfuses the fetal organs and tissues. Ref: Nelson textbook of pediatrics 21st edition Pgno: 9260 | 15,044 | medmcqa_train |
Daily requirement of Iodine in adults is | The daily requirement of iodine is 150 mcg supplied normally by well balanced diets and drinking water. | 15,045 | medmcqa_train |
Lady 45 years of age with decreased oestrogen level, increased testosterone and temporal hair recession. Diagnosis is? | Ans. (c) P.C.O.DRef : Harrison 19th ed. /331, 332* Testosterone is the most important androgen in both men and women.* In women, testosterone is produced primarily through peripheral conversion of androstenedione (50 percent) with the remainder of production concentrated in the ovary (25 percent) and adrenal cortex (25... | 15,046 | medmcqa_train |
Following hemorrhoidectomy the most common complication is: | Ans: b (Urinary retention) Ref: Bailey, p. 1256Degrees of hemorrhoidectomy (Ref: Bailey 1256)Ist - Bleed only; no prolapseIInd - Prolapse, but can be reduced digitally and will remain reduced.IIIrd - Continously remain prolapsedTreatment: Injection therapy -Ist degreeIInd degreeBanding -IInd degree too large for inject... | 15,047 | medmcqa_train |
A 60 year old woman presents with generalized edema, Skin Ulceration and hypeension. Urine examination shows subnephrotic proteinuria (<2gm) and microscopic haematuria. serum complement levels are decreased and she is positive for anti-hepatitis c antibodies. The likely diagnosis is - | Acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis is an immunologic response of the kidney to infection, characterized by the sudden appearance of edema, hematuria, proteinuria and hypeension . It is essentially a disease of childhood that accounts for approximately 90% of renal disorders in children. Ref Harrison20th editio... | 15,048 | medmcqa_train |
A female child presents with hypeension, hyperpigmentation and virilization, she is most likely to be suffering from deficiency of? | 11 beta hydroxylase deficiency REF: Nelson's 18th ed p. 2366 See APPENDIX-58 for details of "Congenital adrenal hyperplasia" | 15,049 | medmcqa_train |
DOC in P. jeroveci - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Cotrimoxazole o Fluoroquinolones are not used in the t/t of pneumocystosis infection."Trimethoprim - sulfamethoxazole (TMP - SMX), which acts by inhibiting folic acid synthesis, is considered the drug of choice for all forms ofpneumocystosisTREATMENT OF PNEUMOCYSTOSISFirst choiceo Trimethoprim-Sulpham... | 15,050 | medmcqa_train |
Sympathetic stimulation causes all of the following except | Sympathetic stimulation causes
- Heart-
Positive chronotropic- Increased heart rate
Positive ionotropic- Increased contractility
Positive dromotropic- Increased conduction velocity
Positive bathmotropic- Increased automaticity
Refractory period decreased in cardiac cells
Increased stroke volume, cardiac output... | 15,051 | medmcqa_train |
Water-fluid balance is characterized by - | Water and electrolyte homeostasis Total body water (TBW) is approximately 60% of body weight in an adult male, although the propoion is somewhat more for infants and less for women. In a 70 kg man TBW is therefore about 40 L. Approximately 25 L is located inside cells (the intracellular fluid or ICF), while the remaini... | 15,052 | medmcqa_train |
The ideal restoration following pulpotomy in a primary tooth is: | Stainless steel crown is a semi-permanent restoration used in the primary and young permanent teeth.
It was introduced as chrome-steel crown by Humphrey in 1950, which proved to be a favour to clinical pediatric dental practice.
Now, it is commonly called stainless steel crown.
Stainless steel crown is an efficient a... | 15,053 | medmcqa_train |
The bacterial growth medium shown below belongs to | Image shows chocolate agar an enrichment mediumSimple medium: nutrient agar and Mueller-Hinton agarEnriched medium: Blood agar, chocolate agar, egg, and serum-based medium Enrichment medium: Selenite F and alkaline peptone waterDifferential medium: MacConkey agar and blood agarSelective medium: Lowenstein-Jensen medium... | 15,054 | medmcqa_train |
Many different types of muscle contractions exist. In which type of contraction is muscle tension is generated, but the length of the muscle does not change? | In isometric contractions, muscle tension is generated but the length of the muscle does not change. Concentric contractions are a type of isotonic contraction in which the muscle shoens during the contraction. Eccentric contractions are also a type of isotonic contraction in which the muscle lengthens during the contr... | 15,055 | medmcqa_train |
schultz dale phenomenon the following is true statements : | Schultz-Dale reaction A method for demonstrating anaphylactic hypersensitivity outside the body by suspending an excised intestinal loop or uterine strip from a sensitized animal in an oxygenated, physiological salt solution; addition of the proper allergen causes contraction of the smooth muscle. TYPE I Hypersensitivi... | 15,056 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the trabecular meshwork and effect the aqueous outflow | Refer katzung 12e p161 KDT 6/e p 145 Miotics like pilocarpine act by increasing the trabecular outflow Drugs for glaucoma -mechanism of action Brimonidine- reducing access production increasing uveoscleral outflow lantonoprost- increase the uveoscleral outflow pilocarpine - increases trabecular outflow Betaxolo- reduce... | 15,057 | medmcqa_train |
A 12-year-old child presents with tingling sensation and numbness in the little finger and gives history of fracture in the elbow region 4 years back. The probable fracture is | A i.e. Lateral condylar fracture humerus | 15,058 | medmcqa_train |
Traumatic dislocation of epiphysial plate of femur occurs -a) Mediallyb) Laterallyc) Posteriorlyd) Rotationallye) Anteriorly | Traumatic separation of distal femoral Epiphysis
Overall this injury is rare; However, of all the injuries of epiphysis, injuries of the distal femoral epiphysis have the highest incidence of post-traumatic growth arrest.
These injuries are described according to the direction of displacement of the epiphysis and the... | 15,059 | medmcqa_train |
Most common cause of lower gastro intestinal bleeding is; | (Colo.rectal carcioma) (1310-CSDT 12th) (1160-B &L 25th)* Although diverticulitis, cancer and / angiodysplasia are the most common cause of lower GI bleeding in adults (1310-CSDT 12th)* Diverticular diseases (Very common in western countries, though it is quite rare in this country (1104. S.Das 5th)Diverticulitis (1161... | 15,060 | medmcqa_train |
Advantage of lap sterilization over mini-laparotomy sterilization is | Mini-laparotomy Vs Laparoscopic sterilization FeaturesMinilaparotomyLaparoscopic sterilizationAdvantages Safe, effective and convenient methodDone as the outpatient procedureDone with minimal trainingDone in peripheral setting (PHCs and Camps)Used for mass sterilization for population controlDoes not need special train... | 15,061 | medmcqa_train |
Lipid with highest mobility is | Classification Based on Electrophoretic Mobility (Frederickson and colleagues, 1967): The most widely used and simplest classification for lipoproteins is based on the separation of major four classes by electrophoresis. The most frequently employed electrophoretic media are "paper" and 'agarose'. Plasma lipoproteins s... | 15,062 | medmcqa_train |
In an outbreak of cholera in a village of 2,000 population, 20 cases have occurred and 5 died. Case fatality rate is | (Refer: K. Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social medicine, 24thedition, pg no: 63) | 15,063 | medmcqa_train |
The following are the contraindications of tubal reconstructive surgery except | Tubal reconstruction surgery can be done for a number of reasons including for reversal of sterilisation procedure. The most favourable outcome is seen when it is done for reversal of sterilisation procedures.
Factors for Poor Outcome Following Tuboplasty
• Dense pelvic adhesions.
• Loss of fimbriae.
• Bilateral hydros... | 15,064 | medmcqa_train |
Freezing point of normal human plasma is | The freezing point of normal human plasma averages _0.54degC which corresponds to osmolar concentration in plasma of 290 mOsm/L The term tonicity is used to describe the osmolality of a solution relative to plasma A 0.9% saline solution and 4% glucose solution is isotonic when initially infused intravenously osmolarity... | 15,065 | medmcqa_train |
Which structure doesn't pass through foramen ovale? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Middle meningeal artery * Middle meningeal artery passes through foramen spinosumSkull foraminaFORAMENSTRUCTURES PASSING THROUGH ITForamen ovaleMandibular nerveAccessory meningeal arteryLesser petrosal nerveEmissary vein(MALE)Foramen spinosumMiddle meningeal arteryEmissary veinNervus spinosus(MEN)Fora... | 15,066 | medmcqa_train |
Wernicke Korsakoff's syndrome is due to the deficiency of which of the following (Repeat): | Ans: B (Thiamine) Ref: Synopsis of Psychiatry. Kaplan & Sadock, 10th editionExplanation:See 2010 Psychiatry question explanation. | 15,067 | medmcqa_train |
A man presents with fever, wt loss and cough; Mantoux reads an induration of 17 x 19 mm: Sputum cytology is negative for AFB. Most likely diagnosis is: | Answer is A (Pulmonary tuberculosis): All features mentioned in this question are in our of pulmonary tuberculosis and the only feature that troubles is a 'negative sputum cytology'. A negative sputum cytology however does not rule out pulmonary tuberculosis. 'A negative sputum cytology does not rule out pulmonary tube... | 15,068 | medmcqa_train |
An enzyme-catalyzed reaction was carried out with the initial substrate concentration 1,000 times greater than the Km for that substrate. After 9 minutes, 1% of the substrate had been conveed to the product, and the amount of product was 12 mmol. If, in a separate experiment, one-third as much enzyme and twice as much ... | Since we know that Enzyme is more impoant than substrate, so enzyme concentration we have to see first if that is reduced then it doesn't matter whether we increase substrate concentration or not time will increase only. So, since enzyme is decreased to 1/3 time will increase by 3 times irrespective of increase in subs... | 15,069 | medmcqa_train |
Type of anemia seen in H.pylori infection : | Ans: A (Microcytic anemia) Ref: Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease, 8th edition & Harrison, 18th ed.Explanation:The anemia in H.pylori infection is due to chronic blood loss due to Gastritis or Gastric ulcer.Chronic blood loss typically causes Iron deficiency anemia, which presents with microcytic & hypochromic anemia | 15,070 | medmcqa_train |
The most frequent cause of scalded skin syndrome is | Scalded skin syndrome is caused by Staphylococcus aureus. It is an exfoliative disease in which the outer layer of epidermis gets separated from the underlying tissues. The severe form of SSSS is known as Ritter's disease in newborn and toxic epidermal necrolysis in older patients. Ref: Textbook of Microbiology; Ananth... | 15,071 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following cause high anion gap metabolic acidosis except- | Uretrosigmoidostomy causes normal anion gap(AG) metabolic acidosis. *Causes of High-Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis *Lactic acidosis *Ketoacidosis Diabetic. Alcoholic. Starvation * Renal failure (acute and chronic) | 15,072 | medmcqa_train |
Band shaped keratopathy seen in: | Ans. JRA | 15,073 | medmcqa_train |
Spleen is derived from ? | Dorsal mesogastrium | 15,074 | medmcqa_train |
Infrared rays causes | Infrared rays affect primarily the retina, because of the transparency of the ocular media.When directly viewing a point source or laser beam, the focusing propeies in the IRA region additionally render the retina much more susceptible to damage than any other pa of the body.For sho exposure periods, heating of the iri... | 15,075 | medmcqa_train |
Treatment of Puberphonia is | Normally, childhood voice has a higher pitch. When the larynx matures at pubey, vocal cords lengthen and the voice changes to one of lower pitch. This is a feature exclusive to males. Failure of this change leads to persistence of childhood high-pitched voice and is called puberophonia. Type III Thyroplasty- It is used... | 15,076 | medmcqa_train |
Mirror box therapy is used in the treatment of : | Mirror box therapy is used to decrease phantom limb pain in which patient feel like having a limb even after it is amputated. | 15,077 | medmcqa_train |
The purpose of double blinding in clinical trials is to? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Avoid observer and subject bias Double blinding ensures that both the observer and subject are unaware of the group allocation and treatment. It there by eliminates both subject bias and the observer bias. | 15,078 | medmcqa_train |
What isaccumulated in Gaucher's disease: | Glucocerebroside | 15,079 | medmcqa_train |
Specialized cell membrane structures that decrease electrical resistance between the cells allowing action potentials to pass efficiently from one cell to adjacent cells are the | D: Gap junctions are a specialized intercellular connection between a multitude of animal cell-types. They directly connect the cytoplasm of two cells, which allows various molecules, ions and electrical impulses to directly pass through a regulated gate between cells.
A: Extensive capillary networks allows the abundan... | 15,080 | medmcqa_train |
A 25 year old male patient complains of pain in the lower back tooth region. History of similar complaint 6 months ago.
Intra-oral examination reveals pericoronitis with 36. An IOPA is taken with the same tooth. During film processing, the thermometer in the manual processing tank reads 68◦F. The approximate time to ke... | Processing films at either higher or lower temperatures and for longer or shorter times than recommended by the manufacturer reduces the contrast of the processed film. | 15,081 | medmcqa_train |
Best confirmatory test for syphilis is | FTA-ABS: FTA-absorption test in which the test serum is preabsorbed with sonicate of the Reiter treponemes to eliminate group-specific reactions. FTA-ABS is as specific as the TPI test and is now accepted as a standard reference test. Ref: Textbook of microbiology; Ananthanarayan and paniker's; 10th edition; Pg:382 | 15,082 | medmcqa_train |
rtPA is NOT a contraindication in stroke with | (C) Coma # rtPA (Alteplase) is indicated in pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, and stroke.> rtPA therapy in patients with stroke is contraindicated in certain situations like suspicion of subarachnoid hemorrhage on pretreatment evaluation, recent (within 3 months) intracranial or intraspinal surgery, history of... | 15,083 | medmcqa_train |
Ewings sarcoma clinically mimics - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Osteomyelitis o Ewing sarcoma is one of the differential diagnosis for subacute osteomyelitis, ( see following table) TypeGledhill classificationRobert et at ClassificationDifferential diagnosisISolitary' localized zone of radioluceney surrounded by reactive new bone formationIa-Punched-out radiolucen... | 15,084 | medmcqa_train |
Positron emission tomography imaging is commonly performed using: September 2011 | Ans. B: 2-18 fluoro-2-deoxy D-glucose (18 FDG) The majority of clinical PET imaging is now performed with the glucose analogue 2-18 fluoro-2-deoxy D-glucose (18 FDG) which has a half life of 110 min. PET scan: Differentiates radiation necrosis from active neoplasm following therapy Recent role is in investigation of re... | 15,085 | medmcqa_train |
Use of Morphine should be avoided in all of the following patients Except | Contraindications for morphine 1. Use of pure agonists with weak paial agonists: When a weak paial agonist such as pentazocine is given to a patient also receiving a full agonist (eg, morphine), there is a risk of diminishing analgesia or even inducing a state of withdrawal; combining full agonist with paial agonist op... | 15,086 | medmcqa_train |
An abnormal ventilation-perfusion ratio (Qs/Qr) in the postoperative patient has been associated with | Abnormalities of ventilation-perfusion ratio result from the shunting of blood to a hypo ventilated lung or from the ventilation of hypo perfused regions of lung tissue. When this imbalance is extreme, as following massive pulmonary thromboembolism, the effect is life-threatening hypoxemia. Other common predisposing fa... | 15,087 | medmcqa_train |
CSF sugar is - | Ans is'c' i.e.,2/3 of blood sugarCSF / plasma glucose ratio is 0.64. | 15,088 | medmcqa_train |
Incubation period of typhoid- | <p> Typhoid fever:- Typical continuous fever for 3-4 weeks,relative bradycardia with involvement of lymphoid tissue. Without effective treatment, typhoid kills over 10% of those infected. Causative agent- Salmonella typhi. S.paraA and S.paraB are infrequent. Reservoir- man Case - a case is infectious as long as bacilli... | 15,089 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following movements will be affected if the greater tubercle of the humerus is lost - | Muscles attached to greater tuberosity are.
Supraspinatus: - Helps in the initial range of abduction.
Infraspinatous, Teres minor : - External (lateral) rotation.
Therefore, these movements are affected in fracture greater tuberosity.
Muscle attached to lesser tuberosity is subscapularis (an internal or medial rota... | 15,090 | medmcqa_train |
Ca2+ Channel blockers would have a significant effect on muscle function in | The calcium-channel blockers represent a group of organic chemical structures that share the ability to inhibit Ca2+ entry into excitable cells. ... Thus, calcium-channel blockers are smooth-muscle dilators and have a negative inotropic effect on the working myocardial cells of the atria and ventricles Ref guyton and h... | 15,091 | medmcqa_train |
Fordyce's spots/granules in oral cavity arises from: September 2002 | Ans. B i.e. Sebaceous glands | 15,092 | medmcqa_train |
True about DNA structure: (PGI Nov 2010) | Ans; C (Deoxy..) "In the DNA helix, hydrophilic deoxyribose-phosphate buckboneQ of each chain is on the outside of the molecule, whereas the hydrophobic bases are stacked insideQ"- Lippincott' Biochemistry 4th/397"DNA is covalently linked by 3'-5' phosphodiester bondQ"- Lippincott' Biochemistry 4th/397"There are 3 form... | 15,093 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not a recommended sanitation measure for swimming pool sanitation? | SANITATION MEASURES FOR SWIMMING POOL SANITATION: Recommended area: Recommended area is = 2.2 sq.meter (24 sq.ft) per swimmer Surveillance: Rules and regulation to be posted in appropriate place Filtration of water: Water to be refiltered in less than 6 hours (rapid sand filters); 15% water to be replaced by fresh wate... | 15,094 | medmcqa_train |
who gave the concept of self esteem as the heirachy of motivation | ABRAHAM MASLOW Gave the hierarchy of needs It is also called as hierarchy of motivation According to Maslow the basic needs should be met to move on to the next stage Once the basic step is attained, we work on to the higher stage The final stage is self-actualization, that is acceptance of your positives, negatives, s... | 15,095 | medmcqa_train |
Which among the following extra intestinal manifestations of IBD correlate with bowel disease activity? | Extra intestinal manifestations of IBD: The most commonly extraintestinal manifestations of IBD involve the skin, joints, eyes, and liver in up to one-third of patients. Extraintestinal manifestations of IBD:Nonintestinal manifestations are similar for both CD and UC. Dermatologic manifestationsinclude the relatively c... | 15,096 | medmcqa_train |
Drug of choice for Obscessive Compulsive Disorder | B i.e. fluoxetine | 15,097 | medmcqa_train |
A 45 year old male patient complains that he is often tired and has a headache almost every morning His wife says that her sleep is disturbed because of the patient's loud snoring. Physical examination reveals leg edema. Hypeension, and cardiac arrhythmia. From which disorder is this patient most likely suffering? | In obstructive sleep apnea, airway obstruction results in snoring as well as failure to breathe during the night. The resulting anoxia causes frequent awakenings during the night so that the patient feels tired in the morning. Decreased oxygen availability may result in leg edema, hypeension, morning headaches, cardiac... | 15,098 | medmcqa_train |
In unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia the risk of kernicterus increases with the use of: | Sulfonamides were the first antimicrobial agents (AMAs) effective against pyogenic bacterial infections. Sulfonamido-chrysoidine (Prontosil Red) was one of the dyes included by Domagk to treat experimental streptococcal infection in mice and found it to be highly effective. Sulfonarnides are rapidly and nearly complete... | 15,099 | medmcqa_train |
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