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Regional lymph nodes are involved in which of these -
Usually, the sarcomas do not metastasize to the lymph nodes. Sarcomas which metastasize to lymphatics are Rhabdomyosarcoma           Clear cell sarcoma        Epithelial sarcoma Malignant fibrous histiosarcoma Angiosarcoma Synovial cell sarcoma Lymphosarcoma
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A group of elementary school-age children meet for a birthday party, and in the next few days, about half of them experience a mild upper respiratory illness, with sore throat and runny nose. One family gets laboratory work done and finds that Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR) is involved. Which of the following procedures w...
Atypical pneumonia" is an old classification used for respiratory disease that is not lobar and is not "typical." That is, it does not include pneumonia caused by pneumococcus, Klebsiella, Haemophilus, or b-hemolytic streptococci that results in a typical lobular infiltrate. In recent years, the atypical pneumonias hav...
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Schistosomiasis is an exmple of:
Ans. a. Meta-zoonoses
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The Maximum concentration of potassium delivered central vein is?
Answer- C. 60 mmol/LMaximum concentration possible delivered central vein = 60 mmo/l
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The position of hand during application of POP cast for fracture scaphoid has been clasically described as
In Scaphoid fracture, the cast is applied to maintain dorsi-flexion of the wrist area. This is called the Glass holding position/Tumbler holding position. In Colle&;s fracture, POP is applied to keep it in palmar flexion and ulnar detion. This is called Shake hand position. ref : maheswari 9th ed
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What is the most common site of brain Hemorrhage?
The MC site of brain hemorrhage is Putamen. Intraparenchymal hemorrhage is most lethal and has a moality rate of 40%. investigation of choice is NCCT. Hypeensive ICH usually results from spontaneous rupture of a small penetrating aery deep in the brain. The most common sites are the basal ganglia (especially the putame...
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Flag sign is seen in:
In Kwashiorkor hair is thin, dry, brittle, easily pluckable, sparse & devoid of their normal sheen. It becomes straight and hypopigmented. The colour of the hair that grows during the period of nutritional deprivation appears reddish brown. During the phase of better nutrition, the growing pa of the hair gets appropria...
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The rk39 antigen is used in the diagnosis of:
Ans. D. Kala azara. k-39 antigen is a 39-amino acid residue encoded by a kinesin-related gene in the amastigotes of Leishmania causing Kala azar.b. Anti-k39 antibodies are secreted into various body fluids such as urine and sputum along with blood, and have been shown to be useful in the diagnosis of VL.c. Enzyme-linke...
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Rule of Hasse is used to determine :
Ans. is a i.e. The age of fetus Hasse's rule is employed in calculating the age of fetus by its length During the first five months of pregnancy, the length in cms is square of the age in months i.e. Length in cms = (Age in months)? Age in months = Qlength in cms During second five months of pregnancy, length in cms di...
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About glycolysis true is:
Ans. C. Conversion of Glucose to 3C units(Ref. Harper 3 He page 157)Option a. Glycolysis occur in cytosolOption b. Complete breakdown of Glucose happens when Pyruvate formed by Glycolysis undergo Pyruvate Dehydrogenase reaction, followed by TCA Cycle.Option d. In anaerobic GlycolysisNumber of ATPs produced is 4Number o...
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Sclera is thinnest at
(Refer: AK Khurana Comprehensive Ophthalmology, 6th edition, pg no. 140) The thickest pa of the sclera - Near the optic nerve (at the posterior pole)The thinnest pa of the sclera- Near the inseion of extraocular muscles ref khurana 6th edition pg 566
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All are pneumatization patterns ot sphenoid sinus except:
Three types of sphenoid sinus pneumatization patterns have been found.Pneumatisation patterns depend on the position of thr sinus in relation to the sella turcica. Ref Dhingra 6/e,p 188.
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Lacquer cracks in pathological myopia is due to breaks in
Lacquer cracks in pathological myopia is due to breaks in Bruch's membrane.
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Frontal lobe syndrome is characterised by all except
The frontal lobe syndrome, consists of poor judgement, slowed thinking, decreased curiosity, social withdrawal, and irritability. The frontal lobe is the region that determines how the brain acts on its knowledge. Frontal lobe injury Impairs the executive function: motivation, attention, and sequencing of actions. Apha...
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Which is associated with Ted risk of Thromboembolism in a normal pregnancy :
Ans. is b i.e. |ed production of clotting factors by liver Pulmonary thromboembolism is a rare complication of pregnancy but is a significant cause of maternal morbidity and moality. All of us have studied in surgery - Virchow's Traid i.e. factors associated with thromboembolism viz : Endothelial injury Stasis Increase...
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SAMPLE history involves all except :
SAMPLE history is a mnemonic acronym used in assessment of a person/patient in field of emergency medicine by police officers and EMTs, often used in conjunction with the vital signs. AMPLE history is a derivative of SAMPLE history which places a greater emphasis on a persons medical history. Mnemonic goes as follows: ...
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All are used in treatment of amoebic liver abscess except -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Diloxanide furoate Diloxanide furoate is a highly effective luminal amoebicide but has no systemic antiamoebic activity. This is because the furoate ester is hydrolysed in the intestine and the released diloxanide is absorbed. Diloxanide is a weaker amoebicide then its furoate ester and no systemic an...
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Cork-screw appearance of esophagus:
Ans. (d) DESRef: Bailey and Love 26th edition, Page 1017 Diffuse Esophageal Spasm:* Hyper Motility disorder characterized by chest pain and dysphagia* Most common finding is cork screw esophagus in lower 2/3rd esophagus commonly.* Medical treatment is primary: Calcium channel blockers, vasodilators, endoscopic dilatati...
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A young man presented with a lesion in his hand which resembles a 'bull's eye'. He recalled that he was bitten by 'something' last evening when he went outdoor. If you are suspecting Lyme's disease in this patient, what is the causative organism responsible:
Lyme disease, the most common ahropod-borne disease in the United States, is primarily caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. It is a spirochete, helically shaped, motile. Lyme disease is characterized by three clinical stages. The first stage is characterized by erythema chronicum migrans (ECM), an erythematous...
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A 3 year old child can do all, except –
Important milestones of a 3 years child Rides tricycle                                                              Stands momentarily on one foot.                            Draws a circle.                                                             Can dress or undress himself completely               Builds tower o...
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Liver transplantation was first done by ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Starzl The first human liver transplant was performed in 1963 by Dr. Thomas Starzl.
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A 45 year old patient presents with history of fever, night sweats and weight loss. On X-ray, a mass in apical lobe of lung is seen. On histopathology, it was found to have caseous necrosis. What is the likely underlying process involved -
. Hypersensitivity reaction with modified macrophages, lymphocytes and giant cells
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Methotrexate is often used as a chemotherapeutic agent to treat patients with leukemia. This drug is effective because it inhibits cells in which pa of the cell cycle
Methotrexate inhibits the synthesis of deoxythymidine by preventing the regeneration of THF by inhibiting the enzyme DHFR. Inhibiting the synthesis of deoxythymidylate prevents the cell from synthesizing its DNA. DNA synthesis occurs exclusively during S phase of the cell cycle. Ref:- KD Tripathi
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A 5-day-old term male neonate presents with delayed passage of meconium, abdominal distension and bilious vomiting. Barium enema and intestinal biopsy findings are shown below. What is the diagnosis?
a. Congenital aganglionic megacolonBa enema shows narrow distal segment with dilated proximal segment of intestineIntestinal biopsy shows hypertrophied nerve bundles between muscular layer & submucosa
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A patient presents with cough with expectoration. Diagnosis of farmers lung is suspected. True statement regarding this condition:
Ans: (c) X-ray features upper lobe predominant in chronic HPRef: Fishman's Pulmonary Disease and Disorders, 5th edition, Chapter 58Farmer's LungResults from exposure to moldy hay containing spores of Thermophilic Actinomycetes that produce a hypersensitivity pneumonitisMost cases of farmer's lung disease occur in cold,...
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All are features of reversible injury of cell, except-
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Amorphous densities in mitochondrial matrixFormation of amorphous densities in the mitochondrial matrix is a feature of irreversible injury and not reversible injury.Features of reversible cell injuryFeatures of irreversible cell injuryo Cellular swellingo Loss of microvillio Formation of cytoplasmic ...
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Inferior pancreaticoduodenal aery is a branch of which of the following aery?
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal aery is a branch of superior mesenteric aery. It supplies the pancreas and adjoining pa of the duodenum. Its anterior and posterior branches anastomose with the branches of superior pancreaticoduodenal aery. This anastomosis is the only communication between the aeries of foregut and midgut...
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All of the following are used in treatment of pneumocystis carinii except
The treatment of choice for PCP is trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), given either IV or PO for 14-21 days. Sulfadiazine plus pyrimethamine, an oral regimen more often used for treatment of toxoplasmosis, also is highly effective. Dapsone plus pyrimethamine or dapsone plus trimethoprim also can be used. Intraveno...
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Which of the following findings expected on microscopic examination of biopsy from hea bowing ventricular hyperophy With asymmetric septal thickening
Patients with chronic IHD typically exhibit left ventricular hyperophy. The endocardium generally show patchy , fibrous thickening and mural thromboi may present Robbins page no. 384
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Which of the following is the mechanism of action of warfarin?
Warfarin inhibits vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor synthesis. These include factors II, VII, IX, and X, as well as protein C and S. Warfarin acts to increase the prothrombin time. Factors XI and XII are not vitamin K-dependent factors. Therefore, warfarin does not inhibit their synthesis. Activation of antithromb...
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All of the following are the indications of non invasive ventilation except
Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) refers to the administration of ventilatory suppo without using an invasive aificial airway (endotracheal tube or tracheostomy tube). The use of noninvasive ventilation (see the video below) has markedly increased over the past two decades, and noninvasive ventilation has now become an int...
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Decreased plasma renin activity is seen in:
Primary hyperaldosteronism is due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia or due to adrenal adenoma. Both these conditions are autonomous and lead to aldosterone production in excess. The R.A.A.S system negative feedback will result in decrease in renin production. Low renin Hypeension is a feature of primary hyperaldosteroni...
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A patient with necrotizing pancreatitis undergoes CT guided aspiration, which results in growth of E-coli on culture. The most appropriate treatment is:
Exploratory laparotomy The presence of secondary pancreatic infection suspected in patients whose systemic inflammatory response (fever, WBC count or organ dysfunction) fails to resolve, CT-guided aspiration of fluid from pancreatic bed for performance of Gram's stain & culture analysis is of critical impoance. A posit...
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which of the following is a SSRI
SSRI * IMPOANCE Most widely prescribed antidepressant * MECHANISM Specifically acts on serotonin transpoers and increases serotonin in synapse. DRUGS FLUOXETINE FLUVOXAMINE DAPOXETINE CITALOPRAM ESCITALOPRAM ESCITALOPRAM SERALINE PAROXETINE USE FLUOXETINE=============CHILDHOOD DEPRESSION FLUVOXAMINE===========OCD DAPOX...
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Drug used in hepatitis B infection is
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Entecavir Treatment of acute hepatitis Hepatitis B - No treatment is required. Hepatitis C - Pegylated Interferon (PEG - IFN). Treatment of chronic hepatitis Hepatitis B - Lamivudin, entecavir (preferred) or interferon. Hepatitis C - Pegylated Interferon (PEG - IFN), entecavir plus ribavirin.
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Commonest site of intestinal atresia is in the ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Duodenum
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Which of the following is a myofunctional appliance?
Catalans or lower anterior inclined plane appliance is used to treat cross bites. The inclined plane has a 450 angulation, which forces the maxillary teeth in cross bite to a more labial position. It is teeth supported functional appliance. Expansion screw and Derichsweiler are expansion appliances.
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An Afroamerican boy of 6 years of age presented with abdominal pain, chronic hemolysis and abnormal RBC shape on peripheral smear. Most likely disorder responsible for this condition:(AIIMS November 2014. November 2013)
Ans. a. Point mutation (Ref: Ghai 7/e p310-312; Harper's 27/e p368-371; Robbins 9/e p635-638, 8/e p646)An afroamerican kid of 6 years of age presented with abdominal pain, chronic hemolysis and abnormal RBC shape on peripheral smear. This patient is suffering from sickle cell anemia. Most likely disorder responsible fo...
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Cnrnnonent of Advanced cardiovascular life suppo (ACLS) in accordance to AHA 2015 guideline:
Ans. B. Chest compression at least 5 cm/2 inchBasic life suppo (BLS), advanced cardiovascular life suppo (ACLS), and post-cardiac arrest care all describe a set of skills and knowledge applied sequentially during the treatment of patients who have a cardiac arrest.ACLS comprises the level of care between BLS and post-c...
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For split skin graft the best source is
(A) Autograft # Autograft is skin graft taken from an uninjured part of body (e.g. thigh skin) and is used for skin grafting in same person.> It is the best skin graft for open wounds because of very high rate of successful grafting.
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The best treatment for Kawasaki disease is:
Kawasaki disease causes inflammation in the walls of medium-sized aeries throughout the body. It primarily affects children. The inflammation tends to affect the coronary aeries, which supply blood to the hea muscle. Kawasaki disease is sometimes called mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome because it also affects lymph no...
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Zafirlukast used in asthmatic patients acts by
Drugs for Bronchial AsthmaMechanism of actionDrugsBronchodilators b2 sympathomimetics Salbutamol, Terbutaline, Bambuterol, Salmeterol, Formoterol, Ephedrine Methylxanthine Theophylline, Aminophylline, Choline theophyllineAnticholinergics Ipratropium bromide, Tiotropium bromide Leukotriene antagonist Montelukast, Zafirl...
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Perforated corneal ulcer gives rise to: September 2012
Ans. A i.e. Anterior capsular cataract
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A patient develops an infection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Which of the following drug cannot be used to treat the infection:
Cefaclor is a second generation cephalosporin and is not active against MRSA.
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any behaviour that is assosiated with cessation of aversive response is called as
Behavioral therapy is learning given by BF Skinner , according to him all behaviors are learned phenomenon and thus can be unlearned Positive reinforcement a type of reinforcement when a behavior is rewarded there is more chance that the behavior is repeated Negative reinforcement is that when a behavior is done and an...
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Pomphylox affects ?
Ans is 'a' i.e., Palms & soles POMPHOLYX An attack of pompholyx is characterized by the sudden onset of crops of clear vesicles, which appear 'sago-like'. Itching may be severe, preceding the eruption of vesicles. The attack subsides spontaneously in 2-3 weeks . In mild cases, only the sides of the fingers may be affec...
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Kleine Levine syndrome is
Kleine Levin syndrome- is the best-recognized recurrent hypersomnia. It afflicts males in early adolescence. In its classic form, the recurrent episodes are associated with a) extreme sleepiness (18- to 20-hour sleep periods) b) voracious eating, c)hypersexuality, d) disinhibition (e.g., aggression). Episodes typically...
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The normal defensive mechanism for protection of gastric mucosa against acid-pepsin digestion include which of the following?
Prostaglandin is one of the impoant defensive mechanism against erosion of the gastric mucosa. Impaired production of PG will result in peptic ulcer formation. Defensive mechanisms may be divided into anatomic and physiologic types. Anatomic mechanisms are adequate blood supply, proper tight junctions between epithelia...
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A 30 yrs woman 2+0, hypeension have menorrhagia. Which is best treatment for her aEUR'
MIRENA [Ref- Dewhurst text book of Gynae & Obs 7/e p. 399-404; A Comprehensive textbook of Ohs & Gynae Saillma Gupta 140, 141, 1421 The question does not give any clue regarding the aetiology of menorrhagia, so most probably the women is having D.U.B. i.e., dysfunctional uterine bleeding. When a woman present with meno...
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A patient arrives in the emergency room in a coma and has a serum Ca 2+ of 4.5 mM. You sta a saline infusion of which of the following drugs
Loop diuretics such as ethacrynic acid , Furosemide increase the excretion of Ca 2+. Ref:- KD Tripathi
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Beta-blockers are used in all of the following conditions except:-
Beta blockers are contra-indicated in AV block Beta-blockers are not given in AV blocks because they may precipitate and cause complete hea block USES OF BETA-BLOCKERS Cardiac (due to Beta 1 blockade) Extra cardiac (due to Beta 2 blockade) Hypeension PLAY : Performance anxiety , Pheochromocytoma (after a blockade) Clas...
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Muscle which dilates the palpebral apeure:
The levator palpebrae superioris muscle elevates and retracts the upper eyelid.
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All are seen in acute HIV syndrome Except
Clinical findings in HIV syndromeGeneralNeurologicDermatologic1. Fever2. Pharyngitis3. Lymphadenopathy4. Headache/Retroorbital pain5. Ahralgias/myalgias6. Lethargy/Malaise7. Anorexia/Weight loss8. Nausea/Vomiting/Diarrhea1. Meningitis2. Encephalitis3. Peripheral neuropathy4. Myelopathy1. Erythematous maculopapular rash...
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A 40 year male has Hb-10 gm%, MCV-65 fL, RDW- 16% is, Platelet count 4.5 lac/mL. Additional finding is
Serum Iron and Total Iron-Binding Capacity The serum iron level represents the amount of circulating iron bound to transferrin. The TIBC is an indirect measure of the circulating transferrin. The normal range for the serum iron is 50-150 mg/dL; the normal range for TIBC is 300-360 mg/dL. Transferrin saturation, which i...
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Which of the following is false with regard to prevalence ?
Prevalence: Prevalence is defined as  "the total number of all individuals  who  have an attribute or disease at a  particular time  (or  during  a particular  period)  divided  by  the population at risk  of having the attribute or disease at this point in time or midway through the  period.  Although referred to as ...
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All of the following relay in sensory cortex except
(D) Olfaction > The axons of the olfactory receptor neurons penetrate the cribriform plate and enter the olfactory bulb.> The 3 olfactory pathways that lead to the CNS are The pathway to the medial olfactory area anterior to the hypothalamus. The pathway to the lateral olfactory area of the pyriform cortex, which is th...
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5HT2A antagonist drug is ?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Ketanserin
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Topical immunomodulator used for the treatment of genital warts is :
Drugs used for viral warts (condyloma acuminata) are Imiquimod: It is an immune response modifier, useful in the treatment of external genital and peri-anal warts topi­cally. Mechanism of action against these HPV-induced lesions is unknown. 5% cream is applied 3 times weekly and washed off 6-10 hours after each applic...
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Following can cause endometrial cancer:
Endometrial cancer is mainly caused by excessive estrogen Metropathia hemorrhagica is the same as cystic glandular hyperplasia and is a causative factor for endometrial cancer. Ref Dutta Gynae 5th /ed p 184 Gynandroblastoma is a virilising tumor which secretes androgens (not estrogens) and so does not lead to endometr...
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Beryllium expsore is associated with
Beryllium can produce a chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease that is similar to sarcoidosis.It is distinguished from sarcoidosis by evidence of a specific cell-mediated immune response(delayed hypersensitivity) to beryllium.Chest imaging shows nodules along septal lines.Pulmonary function tests show restrictive a...
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All the following are trace elements required by body except
Major elements. Trace elements 1. Calcium. 1. Iron 2. Magnesium. 2. Iodine 3. Phosphorus. 3. Copper 4. Sodium. 4. Manganese 5. Potassium. 5. Zinc 6. Chloride. 6. Molybdenum 7. Sulfur. 7. Selenium 8. Fluoride.Ref: DM Vasudevan, page no: 411
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Which type of vaccine is MMR?
ANSWER: (A) Live attenuatedREF: APPENDIX-46 below for "TYPES OF VACCINE"Live vaccines can me memorized as "BOMBEY-VT"; BCG, OPV (sabin), MMR (mumps, measles & rubella), Bubonic plague, epidemic typhus, yellow'- fever (17D), vaccinia,Oral Typhoid vaccine (Ty21a) APPENDIX - 46Types of VaccineTypeContentExamplesKilled vac...
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The following host tissue responses can be seen in acute infection, except?
Ans. (d) Granuloma formationRef: Robbiris pathology 9th ed. 197* Granuloma formation is characteristic of chronic granulomatous inflammation and is not seen in acute inflammation.* Vasodilation, increase in permeability, exudation, margination, rolling etc. are seen in acute inflammation.
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What does not make diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodule
D i.e. Neurofibroma Primary complex in TB, produce solitary pulmonary nodule. Bronchial adenoma & Pulmonary hamaoma mostly produce solitary nodules d/ t their benign nature. Neurofibroma is almost always present at multiple foci. It is impoant to note that Hamaoma produces non cavitatory lesions.
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Commonest complication of parenteral nutrition includes all except: March 2007
Ans. B: Hyperkalemia Parenteral nutrition is indicated to prevent the adverse effects of malnutrition in patients who are unable to obtain adequate nutrients by oral or enteral routes. Other indications are sho gut syndrome, high-output fistula, prolonged ileus, or bowel obstruction. Sho-term TPN may be used if a perso...
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35-year-old c/o fever, severe abdominal pain in epigastrium radiating to the back with a h/o binge drinking. Pulse is 120 bpm, BP is 90/60 mm Hg. CT Abdomen (P+C) was done. Most likely diagnosis is(AIIMS 2016)
Ans. B Acute pancreatitisObserve a bulky pancreas with fuzzy margins and adjacent fat stranding - s/o Acute pancreatitis. CE-CT scan is IOC. Balthazar grading systemQ and CT Severity Index (CTSI)Q are used for prognosis.
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A new born child has not passed meconium for 48 hrs. What is the diagnostic procedure of choice ?
A plain radiograph commonly shows signs of small bowel obstruction and a soft-tissue opacity. Diagnosis can be confirmed by an abdominal ultrasound scan or contrast enema. Ref: Bailey & Love&;s Sho Practice of Surgery,E25,Page-80
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Site of maximum absortion of Iron
Mnemonic Iron - Roman number One  So maximum absorption in first part of small intestine. i.e: Duodenum.
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Conn's syndrome is
Primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome ) is defined by hypeension, as a result of hypersecretion of aldosterone. In PHA, plasma renin activity is suppressed.The most frequent cause of Primary hyperaldosteronism is a unilateral adrenocoical adenoma. Apa from hypeension, patients complain of non-specific symptoms: h...
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Which of the following drugs in NOT recommended for intracheal administration during cardiopulmonary resuscitation –
Intratracheal drugs during CPR :- Adrenaline, atropine, lignocaine, naloxone.
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Fibrous pericardium is attached to
Fibrous pericardium base is broad and inseparably blended with the central tendon of the diaphragm.Ref: BD Chaurasia; Volume I; 6th Edition; Page no: 249
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There was a sudden increases in the size of thyroid swelling along with pain. Most likely cause is ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Hemorrhage within the cyst (thyroid)
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Which of the following is the second most common congenital defect in entire spectrum of congenital deformities?
Cleft lip and palate is the most common congenital defect of facial structures and the second most congenital defect in the entire spectrum of congenital deformities (first common is clubfoot).
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Bird beak sign on barium swallow is seen in?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Achlasia cardia * "Bird beak appearance on barium study is seen in achlasia cardia.Important esophageal signs on radiographySignConditionRat tail appearance of esophagusEsophageal carcinomaMega-esophagus (sigmoid esophagus)"Bird beak" appearanceHurst phenomenonAchlasia cardiaYo-Yo motion of barium"Cor...
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Dietary fibre contain
Dietary fibre contains remnants of plant cells resistant to hydrolysis by the enzymes of alimentary canal. Fibre is basically composed of 2 categories : 1. Water insoluble components. 2 . Warer soluble components. 1. Water insoluble : Cellulose, Hemicellulose, Lignin 2. Water soluble : Pectins, Mucilagesn, Gums.
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All the follow ing are used in theTreatment of Enuresis except
(D) Spironolactone# Enuresis:> Primary Nocturnal Enuresis (PNE) is when a child has not yet stayed dry on a regular basis. Secondary Nocturnal Enuresis is when a child or adult begins wetting again after having stayed dry.> Treatment options with high success rates> Waiting Almost all children will outgrow bedwetting. ...
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Plasrnacytoid lymphomas may be associated with -
Plasmacytoid lymphoma is lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma.Its a B cell neoplasm in adults.Most commonly the plasma cell component secretes monoclonal IgM,often in amount sufficient to cause a hyperviscosity syndrome, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia Ref:Robbins and Cotran Pathologic basis of disease.South Asia Edition-9; volume...
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An 18 yrs old boy comes to the eye casualty with history of injury with a tennis ball. On examination, there is no perforation but there is hyphema. The most likely source of the blood is
.
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Which of following is not a permanent mucosal fold?
Gastric rugae of the stomach and longitudinal folds in the mucosa of upper rectum and colon are temporary mucosal folds and are obliterated by distension. Whereas, plica circularis of the small intestine, crescentic mucosal folds of cystic duct (spiral valve of Heister), transverse (horizontal) rectal folds (Houston's ...
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The Hb level is healthy women has mean 13.5 g/dl and standard detion 1.5 g/dl, what is the Z score for a woman iwht Hb level 15.0 g/dl-
Ref:Parks 23rd edition pg 849 Z score = (individual value - mean) / SD =(15-13.5)/1.5= 1
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True about Wegener's granulomatosis is
Triad of WG: a. Acute necrotizing granulomas of respiratory tract b. Necrotizing or granulomatous vasculitis of small to medium-sized vessels c. Focal necrotizing often crescentic GN
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True about GIST all except -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Most common in duodenum o Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTS) are the most common mesenchymal tumor of the GI tract and are most frequently located in the stomach (60%-70%).o In 1983, Mazur and Clark coined the term GIST to indicate a distinctive subgroup of GI mesenchymal tumor, which could be cl...
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Oligohydramnios is associated with :
Etiology of oligohydramnios: Intrauterine growth restriction Post-term pregnancy Premature rupture of membranes Drugs like ACE inhibitors and prostaglandin inhibitors Renal anomalies Renal Agenesis Infantile polycystic kidney disease urinary tract obstruction (refer pgno:216 Sheila 2nd edition)
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Dantrolene acts on -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Raynodine receptor Dantroleneo Dantrolene is a directly acting skeletal muscle relaxant,o Mechanism of actionNormally excitation (depolarization of end plate) is coupled with contraction by Ca+2 - Excitation contraction coupling.Dantrolone acts on Ryanodine receptors (RyR) Calcium channels in sarcopla...
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A study revealed lesser incidence of carcinoma colon in pure vegetarians than non-vegetarians by which it was concluded that b-carotene is protective against cancer. This may not be true because the vegetarian subjects may be consuming high fibre diet which is protective against cancer. This is an example of:
Ans is 'c' i.e. Confounding factor In an epidemiological study, in addition to the exposures that the study is investigating, there may be other factors that is associated with the exposure and independently affects the risk of developing disease. If the prevalence of these other factors differ between groups being com...
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Which drug is contraindicated in patients allergic to sulphonamides -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Zonisamideo Zonisamide is a sulfonamide medication used for the treatment of seizures. It has been associated with severe skin reactions, those typically seen with sulfa reactions. This medication should not be used in sulfa-allergic patients.
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The best prognosis in carcinoma stomach is with:
Ans. (a) Superficial spreading typeRef: Sabiston 20th Edition, Page 1214* Good prognosis is superficial spreading type and bad prognosis is Linitis Plastica type.
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The fouh hea sound is caused by?
A fouh hea sound is common in persons who derive benefit from atrial contraction for ventricular filling as a result of decreased ventricular wall compliance and increased resistance to ventricular filling. For example, a fouh hea sound is often heard in older patients with left ventricular hyperophy.Ref: Guyton and Ha...
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True about IgM is: September 2005
Ans. B: Primary response IgM is the immediate antibody that is produced once a human body is exposed to bacteria, virus or a toxin.Their demonstration in the serum indicates recent infections. IgG is found throughout the body, mainly in most of the bodily fluids, while IgM is found mainly in the blood and lymphatic flu...
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All are macrophages except-
Mononuclear macrophages o Blood macrophages → Monocytes o Tissue macrophages → Histocytes o Lung → Alveolar macrophages o Brain → Microglia o Liver → Kupjfer cells o Bone → Osteoclasts o Kidney → Mesangial cells
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Ascent of horse shoe shaped kidney is prevented by
Initialy in IUL(intrauterine life) kidneys are present in iliac fossa , Kidney has to reach the level of renal aery which is prevented by inferior mesenteric aery which is a branch of abdominal aoa. Fusion of right and left kidney occurs to form a U shaped structure at the level below inferior mesenteric aery.
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Males who are sexually underdeveloped with rudimentary testes and prostate glands, sparse pubic and facial hair, long arms and legs and large hands and feet are likely to have the chromosome complement of:
Klinefelter syndrome. Extra X chromosome, so they are 47 XXY or 46XY/47 XXY mosaics. Male phenotype Hypogonadism | Secondary sexual characteristics Dispropoionately long arms and legs.
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Which among the following drugs is used in ectopic pregnancy?
Ans c Ref Williams Obstetrics page 247Tanaka & associates first used methotrexate to treat an interstitial preg-nancy and then it has been used successfully with ectopic pregnancy. Patient selectionInitial S. B hcg < lOOOmlU/ml-minimum failure rate size-ectopic mass<3.5cmFetal cardiac activity is a relative contraindic...
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Features seen in a patient with chronic vomiting are all EXCEPT: March 2013
Ans. C i.e. Metabolic acidosis
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Antrochoanal polyp opens In which meatus:
Ans: A Middle Meatus Ref: Dhingra's ENT 6th ed./ 173-75* ANTROCHOANAL POLYP most commonly seen in children. They are unilateral, usually arises from the mucosa of maxillary antrum near its accessory ostium comes out of it & grows in the chonna & nasal cavity.* Maxillary sinus opens into the middle meatus.
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MHC restriction is a pa of all except -
. Autoimmune disorder
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A young female presents with history of dyspnoea on exeion. On examination, she has wide, fixed split S2 with ejection systolic murmur (IIINI) in left second intercostal space. Her EKG shows left axis detion. The most probable diagnosis is :
Answer is C (Ostium primum atrial septal defect) Wide fixed splitting of S2 with ejection systolic murmur in left 2" intercostal space points towards the diagnosis of atrial septal defect.. Presence of left axis detion indicates an ostium primum 4SD. Clinical picture in ASD : Sounds S1Accentuated (Loud) S2 wide fixed s...
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At what gestation does the switchover from fetal to adult hemoglobin synthesis begin -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., 36 weeks Fetal Hb - (a2, g2)Adults Hb - (a2, b2,)During the initial fetal life, the major hemoglobin synthesized in the body is fetal hemoglobin, because in fetus, the chain synthesized predominantly is the g chain.b chain is present in only trace amount in early embryosThe rate of synthesis of g and ...
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A 40-year old male with diabetes presents with vitreous hemorrhage. What is the cause?
Ans. b. Neovascularization at disc (Ref: Kanski 5/e p447-449; Khurana 4/260-262, 3rd/256-258; Parson's 21/307, 20/e p294-299)In diabetic retinopathy, neovascularization caused by vasculoformative substance elaborated by hypoxic retinal tissue in an attempt to revascularize retina, seen especially at disc (neovasculariz...
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Satiety centre is located at-
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus * Satiety center - Ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus.* Feeding center - Lateral nucleus of hypothalamus.
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