query stringlengths 1 1.57k | pos stringlengths 1 22.5k | idx int64 0 161k | task_name stringclasses 1
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Cobalt forms a component of which of the following vitamins? | Central poion of vitamin B12 consists of four reduced and extensively substituted 'pyrrole rings' surrounding a single cobalt atom(Co). This central structure is called 'corrin ring system'. When cyanide is bound to cobalt atom is called as cyanocobalamin. Cobalt is required only as a constituent of vitamin B12. While ... | 151,100 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following estimates blood creatinine level most accurately: | There are two methods for estimation of Creatinine in blood: 1. Jaffe's test: In alkaline medium, Creatinine forms a red coloured tautomer of Creatinine Picrate which is measured colorimetrically. This method can be automated in auto-analysers and kinetic method can be used. Kinetic jaffe more accurate than jaffe's met... | 151,101 | medmcqa_train |
Pretrematic nerve of 1st pharyngeal arch is | Pharyngeal Arch Nerves: Nerve of 1st arch - Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve Pretrematic nerve - Chorda tympani & greater petrosal nerves (purely sensory) of facial nerve. Nerve of 2nd arch - Facial nerve Pretrematic nerve - Tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal nerve. Nerve of 3rd arch - Glossopharyngeal nerve Pr... | 151,102 | medmcqa_train |
Cullen's sign: | (Bluish discolouration in the umbilicus) (1124-Baily & love 24th) (1140-Baily & Love 25th)Acute Pancratitis* Bluish discolouration of the flanks - Grey Turner Sign* Bluish discolouration of the umbilicus - Cullen's sign. | 151,103 | medmcqa_train |
Neostigmine is used in the following except ? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Glaucoma | 151,104 | medmcqa_train |
Commonest site of carcinoma colon is: | (Left side colon): Ref: 1177-LB (1181-B &L 25th)Adenocarcinoma of the colon: - Tumours are more common in the left colon and rectum* Microscopically the neoplasm is a columnar cell carcinoma* Macroscopically the tumour may take one of four forms (Annular, Tubular ulcer, cauliflower/ Type 4 cauliflower is the least mali... | 151,105 | medmcqa_train |
A patient on atracurium develops seizures due to accumulation of ? | Ans. is `b' i.e., Laudanosine | 151,106 | medmcqa_train |
Amino acids secreted in cystinuria are all except | Amino acids excreted in cystinuria are (COLA): cysteine, ornithine, lysine, and arginine | 151,107 | medmcqa_train |
The bacterial drug resistance in tuberculosis results from : | Resistance to INH occurs due to point mutation in inhA or katG genes.
Resistance to rifampicin occurs due to point mutation in rpoB genes.
Resistance to ethambutol is due to mutations resulting in overexpression of the embB gene. | 151,108 | medmcqa_train |
Air in the biliary tract is seen in all except – | Gallstone ileus, carcinoma gall bladder and endoscopic papillotomy can cause pneumobilia (air in biliary tract)
Ascending cholangitis (not sclerosing cholangitis) can cause pneumobilia. | 151,109 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not a part of the growth relativity hypothesis? | Growth relativity refers to growth that is relative to its displaced condyles from actively relocating fossae. John C Voudouris introduced this concept to explain the possible effect of functional appliances on condyle and the resulting growth. The main foundations of growth relativity hypothesis are:
Displacement of ... | 151,110 | medmcqa_train |
The internal thoracic artery is a branch of - | Ans. is 'b'i.e., Subclavian artery Internal thoracic arteryo It arises from 1st part of subclavian artery and descends through anterior ends of upper six intercostal spaces lying 1[?]25 cm lateral to sternal margin.o It divides into two terminal branches, musculophrenic and superior epigastric in 6th intercostal spaceo... | 151,111 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following enzyme does not catalyse reversible step in glycolysis? | Enzymes of glycolysis - a process which converts 6 carbon glucose to 3 carbon unit pyruvate & lactate - are present in cytoplasm. Whereas, complete oxidation of glucose (to CO2 & H2O) requires mitochondrial enzymes (of TCA cycle).
Out of total 9 enzymes used in glycolysis,
3 enzymes - hexokinase, phosphofructokinase (P... | 151,112 | medmcqa_train |
Dysthymia is - | Mild depression with the chronic course (≥ 2 years) is called dysthymia. | 151,113 | medmcqa_train |
Side effects of a drug arise due to interactions of the drug to molecules other than the target.These effects of the,drug can be minimized by its high: | If a drug is more specific in action, it acts only in that paicular organ so no systemic side effects will be seen and targeted cancer therapy using nanopaicles is also bases on this approach Ref; KD Tripathi pharmacology 7 th edition (page no; 84) | 151,114 | medmcqa_train |
Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by all except - | NEPHROTIC SYNDROME Nephrotic syndrome is a constellation of features in different diseases having varying pathogenesis; it is characterized by findings of massive proteinuria (more than 3.5 g/day), hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia, lipiduria, and hypercoagulability. Pitting edema: Does not distinguish nephritic f... | 151,115 | medmcqa_train |
Bence jones proteins are best described as - | Bence Jones protein are the light chains of immunoglobulins and so may occur in kappa and lambda forms. - found in multiple myeloma. identified by unique propey of coagulation when heated to 50degC but redissolving at 70degC. REF:Anathanarayan & paniker's 9th edition, pg no:99 <\p> | 151,116 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following HLA types is associated with rheumatoid ahritis 135? | HLA B27-Ankylosing spondylitis HLA DR4-Rheumatoid ahritis HLA B8-myasthenia gravis Ref: Textbook of Microbiology Baveja 5th ed Pg 135 | 151,117 | medmcqa_train |
The maximum concentration of potassium delivered central line is | In adults, the preferred concentration central line is 20 mEq/100 ml. The maximum concentration for fluid restricted patients is 20 mEq/50 ml. Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg 345 | 151,118 | medmcqa_train |
Sensory afferent fibres from the fallopian tubes ascend to : | Nerve supply in the pelvis : Perineum,vulva,lower vagina organ spinal segments Nerves 1 Perineum,vulva,lower vagina S2-4 pudendal,inguinal,genitofemoral,posterofemoral cutaneous 2 Upper vagina, cervix, lower uterine segment, posterior urethra, bladder trigone, uterosacral and cardinal ligaments,rectosigmoid, lower uret... | 151,119 | medmcqa_train |
Which is not true about indication of exchange transfusion ? (Not a criteria for exchange transfusion) | Double volume exchange tranfusion (DVET) should be performed if the total serum bilirubin(TSB) levels reach to age specific cut off for exchange transfusion or th infant shows signs of bilirubin encephalopathy irrespective of TSB levels .For < 28 wk gestation, TSB cut off is 11-14 mg/dl. For 28 to 29 wks, 30 to 31 wks ... | 151,120 | medmcqa_train |
Parathyroid autotransplantation is done in which of the following muscle? | Parathyroid auto transplantation is done in 2 muscles Sternocleidomastoid muscle Brachioradialis of non-dominant hand SCM Brachioradialis Indication: Accidental removal of PT gland while performing a thyroidectomy. | A small amount of the PT gland is auto-transplanted into SCM muscle. Indication: Hyperparathyroidism du... | 151,121 | medmcqa_train |
All are true about Sjogren syndrome except - | Primary Sjogren's syndrome (PSS) is characterised by lymphocytic infiltration of salivary and lacrimal glands, leading to glandular fibrosis and exocrine failure. The typical age of onset is between 40 and 50, with a 9 : 1 female-to-male ratio. The disease may occur with other autoimmune diseases (secondary Sjogren's s... | 151,122 | medmcqa_train |
In Staphylococci, plasmids encoding beta-lactamase are transmitted by : | Beta-lactamase are encoded by plasmids that can be transferred with the help of bacteriophage (transduction) in staphylococci and by transformation in Pneumococci. | 151,123 | medmcqa_train |
Symptomatic spinal injury without any radiological evidence most commonly found in: | Ans. a. Children (Ref: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17006044 www.orthopaedicsone.com/pages/viewpage action? pageId=27689773)Symptomatic spinal injury without any radiological evidence most commonly found in children.'Following trauma, the commonly used radiological investigations, plain radiographs and computed tomograp... | 151,124 | medmcqa_train |
A 22-year-old nulliparous woman has recently become sexually active. She consults you because of painful coitus, with the pain located at the vaginal introitus. It is accompanied by painful involuntary contraction of the pelvic muscles. Other than confirmation of these findings, the pelvic examination is normal. Of the... | This patient presents with vaginismus, defined as involuntary painful spasm of the pelvic muscles and vaginal outlet. It is usually psychogenic. It should be differentiated from frigidity, which implies lack of sexual desire, and dyspareunia, which is defined as pelvic and/or back pain or other discomfort associated wi... | 151,125 | medmcqa_train |
First line of intervention in symptomatic varicoceles is - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Embolization * Operation is not indicated for an asymptomatic varicocele.* When the discomfort is significant, then embolisation of the gonadal veins is the usual first line intervention.* If this is not possible, or if the varicocele recurs (as it does in around 20 per cent after embolisation), then ... | 151,126 | medmcqa_train |
Initial drug of choice in a child with status epilepticus: | a. Lorazepam(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2831-2856, Ghai 8/e p 557-561)Initial drug given in Status epilepticus in a child is a short acting Benzodiazepine like Lorazepam or Midazolam, to abort the seizures | 151,127 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not the new entity added in the proposed ICD-11? | Ans. D Schizophreniform disorderOlfactory Reference Disorder is characterized by persistent preoccupation with the belief that one is emitting a perceived foul or offensive body odour or breath that is either unnoticeable or only slightly noticeable to others. Individuals experience excessive self-consciousness about t... | 151,128 | medmcqa_train |
Normal amount of pleural fluid is approximately | Normally, no more than 15 ml of serous, relatively acellular, clear fluid lubricates the pleural surface.
Increased accumulation of pleural fluid is called pleural effusion | 151,129 | medmcqa_train |
Which among the following is implicated in causing Parkinson | Manganese, carbon monoxide, methanol, cyanide are known to cause Parkinson's | 151,130 | medmcqa_train |
Hemolytic anaemia is seen most commonly due to | Pyruvate kinase deficiency is an inherited disorder that affects red blood cells, which carry oxygen to the body&;s tissues. People with this disorder have a condition known as chronic hemolytic anemia, in which red blood cells are broken down (undergo hemolysis) prematurely, resulting in a shoage of red blood cells (<... | 151,131 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following has the highest biological value? | Biological value of a protein is defined as the ratio between amount of nitrogen retained: nitrogen absorbed during a specified time expressed as percentage. Egg has a biological value of 100 compared to 85 of meat and 75 of milk. Biological value of 100 indicates that all of the protein is retained by the body. Biolog... | 151,132 | medmcqa_train |
Bones, stones, abdominal groans and psychiatric oveones' are features of | The early descriptions of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were dominated by those with osteitis fibrosa cystica. Brown tumours of the long bones and associated subperiosteal bone reabsorption, distal tapering of the clavicles and the classical 'salt and pepper' erosions of the skull were typical findings. Ove... | 151,133 | medmcqa_train |
Hypercalcemia is not seen in: | Answer is D (Vitamin A deficiency). Hypercalcemia is seen with Vit. A intoxication (not deficiency) due to associated high bone turnover. Causes of hypercalcemia: Parathyroid related Vitamin D related * * * Primary hyperparathyroidism Q Lithium therapy Q Familial hypercalciuric hypercalcemia * * * Vitamin D intoxicatio... | 151,134 | medmcqa_train |
Muscle contraction following nerve impulse involves following steps expect | Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter in the NMJ Ref: Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology 26th edition | 151,135 | medmcqa_train |
Normal epidermal turnover time is? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., 4 weeks Epidermal turn over time* Epidermis renews itself continuously by cell division in the deepest layer, the basal layer. It is the continuously multiplying layer. The basal cells show mitosis and each basal cell multiplies and produces keratinocytes which moves up, the so called epidermal prolif... | 151,136 | medmcqa_train |
Rosettes found at the lid margin are a feature of: | Ans. Ulcerative blepharitis | 151,137 | medmcqa_train |
Diagnostic procedure for postmenopausal bleeding | Gold standard is hysteroscopic directed endometrial sampling. Next, best is endometrial aspiration as it gives a global endometrial sample by viue of suction. D and C and EB should never be done to diagnose the cause of postmenopausal bleeding. The most common cause overall is senile endometritis and the most common ma... | 151,138 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not an AB 5 toxin- | Ans. B. Pertussis toxin.a. Pertussis toxin is a 105 kDa protein composed of six subunits:b. S1 (A subunit) and B subunit consisting of S2, S3, (2) S4, and S5.c. Pertussis toxin is the most important virulence factor- helps it to evade phagocytes by inhibiting their phagocytic function and helps the bacterium to bind ho... | 151,139 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is true of mumps – | "Aseptic meningitis may develop before, during, after or in the absence of parotids." - Harrison 17th/e-1220
About other options
Mainly parotid glands are involved, but sublingual and submaxillary glands may also be involved.
The patient is infectious 4-6 days before the onset of swelling.
Sterility after mumps orchit... | 151,140 | medmcqa_train |
Most common organ involved in blunt abdominal trauma is | .repeated | 151,141 | medmcqa_train |
At which one of the following age period a child can remove front opening garment ? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 36 months o A child can dress or undress himself completely by 3 years. | 151,142 | medmcqa_train |
Lateral border of cubital fossa is formed by- | Ans. is 'b' i.e., BrachioradialisCubital FossaLateral boundryBrachioradialisMedial boundryPronater teresBaseLine joining the two epicondyles of humerusApexPoint joining lateral and medial boundriesFloorBrachialis, supinatorRoofSkin, superficial fascia (containing medial cubital vein, lateral and medial cutaneous nerve ... | 151,143 | medmcqa_train |
Maternal serum Alpha Feto Protein (MSAFP) is raised in all the following conditions except : | Down's syndrome | 151,144 | medmcqa_train |
Red velvety appearance of stomach and crimson plus of lower esophagus seen in which poisoning | Internal findings There may be lines of redness running along the walls and sub-mucous hemorrhages. stomach mucosa shows red velvety appearance. There may be ulceration in the pyloric region. Mucous membrane of the lower end of esophagus shows congestion and inflammation called crimson plus. Ref: FORENSIC MEDICINE AND ... | 151,145 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following organs is the most common site of origin of the tumour associated with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome | Gastrin producing endocrine tumour is often found in the duodenal loop,although it also occurs in the pancreas,especially in the head. Bailey & Love ,26th, 1055. | 151,146 | medmcqa_train |
By Fick's first law of diffusion, rate of simple diffusion is NOT propoional to: | Fick's first law for diffusion: Rate of simple diffusion = - D.A X /d Minus sign indicates downhill transpo D - Diffusion coefficient A - surface area available for diffusion C1 - C2 is the concentration gradient of the diffusing substance d - diffusion distance or thickness of the membrane through which the substance ... | 151,147 | medmcqa_train |
Broca's motor speech area is present in | Broca&;s area 44 is in the frontal lobe immediately in front of the inferior end of motor coex ( which is inferior frontal gyrus). Ref: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology;23rd edition; pg:297 | 151,148 | medmcqa_train |
If aerobic glycolysis uses Glycerol-3-Phosphate shuttle, How many net ATPs are produced? | The inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to NADH. Therefore, the NADH produced in the cytosol cannot directly enter the mitochondria. It enters mitochondria indirectly with the help of shuttles. e.g glycerol phosphate and malate shuttles. ATP yield in Aerobic glycolysis and Glycerol phosphate shuttle: Total ATP ... | 151,149 | medmcqa_train |
The first costochondral joint is a - | Costochondral junctions are primary cartilaginous joint (synchondrosis). | 151,150 | medmcqa_train |
Casal's necklace is seen in deficiency of: September 2012 | Ans: B i.e. Niacin The Casal collar or Casal necklace is a clinical sign in which there is erythematous pigmented skin rash in the distribution of a broad collar (dermatomes C3 and C4). It is seen in patients with pellagra. | 151,151 | medmcqa_train |
. Treatment of stage III B carcinoma cervix is: | As discussed in the preceeding text, best treatment for stage III B of invasive cancer is chemoradiation. Since this option is not given – we will go for next best option, i.e. Radiotherapy
Generally from stage II B-IV A when radiotherapy is given - external beam pelvic radiation precedes brachytherapy. But again since... | 151,152 | medmcqa_train |
Sporulation occurs in which phase of bacterial growth curve: | Lag phase - Adaptation phase to culture media |sed Accumulate nutrient size Log(2)n - Exponential es in number Stationary phase - Sta of Accumulation of toxic metabolites = Dead Live -Sporulation occur in stationary phase (S-S) Decline: Complete accumulation of Toxin metabolites | 151,153 | medmcqa_train |
Burr cell is seen in | Ref Tejinder Singh 1/e p38, robbins 9/e pg 418 Other causes of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia include malignant hypeension, systemic lupus erythematosus, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hemolytic uremic syndrome, and disseminated cancer. The morphologic alterations in the injured red cells (schistocytes) are st... | 151,154 | medmcqa_train |
Which among the following is the shoest peptide? | Angiotensinogen is a 452-amino-acid-long protein, which is produced by the liver. Angiotensin I, comprising the first 10 amino acids of angiotensinogen, is produced by cleavage of a leucine-valine bond by renin. The 10-amino-acid angiotensin I is completely inactive but is subsequently conveed to the eight-amino-acid p... | 151,155 | medmcqa_train |
Most accurate measurement of extracellular fluid volume (ECF) can be done by using : | Ans. is 'c' i.e. Inulin First let's see different types of body fluid.Extracellular fluid - It is a general term for all the body fluids outside the cells.It consists ofInterstitial fluidPlasmaLymphCerebrospinal fluidIntracellular fluidPortion of total body fluid which are within the cell membranesMeasurement of body f... | 151,156 | medmcqa_train |
All are used in treating spasmodic dysmenorhoea except : | Bromocriptine | 151,157 | medmcqa_train |
Which does not contribute to enterobiliary fistula | Internal biliary fistula Cholecystoduodenal fistula(72-80%) are MC biliary enteric fistulas followed by cholecysticolic fistula (8-12%). Etiology Calculous biliary tract disease (90%). Duodenal ulcer(6%) Neoplasm, trauma, Parasitic infestation and congenital anomalies (4%) Ref : Sabiston 20th edition Pgno :1507 | 151,158 | medmcqa_train |
Ability of stem cells to cross barrier of differentiation to transform into a cell of another lineage expressing the molecular characteristics of different cell type with the ability to perform the function of the new cell type is referred as: | Stem cell is defined as a cell with a unique capacity to produce unaltered daughter cellsand to generate specialized cell types (potency). Once cells are differentiated, their phenotypes are stable. However, tissue stem cells, which are thought to be lineage-committed multipotent cells, possess the capacity to differen... | 151,159 | medmcqa_train |
Metoclopramide is useful for all except - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Motion sickness o Metoclopramide can be used as an antiemetic in postoperative, drug induced, disease associated, radiation sickness, but is less effective in motion sickness. o It should not be used to augment lactation. Though the amount secreted in milk is small, but suckling infant may develop loo... | 151,160 | medmcqa_train |
Antisera is obtained from | Antisera (Antitoxins): Materials prepared in animals; non-human sources like horses | 151,161 | medmcqa_train |
Antigen processing cells are all of the following, except: | Antigen presenting cells include:Macrophages: APC of bloodModified macrophages:Dendritic reticulum cells in follicles of lymph nodesInterdigitating reticulum cells in the paracoical zone of lymph nodesLangerhans cells: APC of skinAstrocytes do not function as APC(ref: Robbin's 8/e p192) | 151,162 | medmcqa_train |
Endemic typhus cause and vector is | Endemic Typhus Is also known as 'Flea borne typhus' or 'Murine Typhus' Causative agent : Rickettsia typhi (R.mooseri) Reservoir: Rats Mode of Transmission : Rat Flea (Xenopsylla cheopsis) - But not Through bite, rather through feces innoculation on skin or inhalation of dried infective faeces Incubation period : 1-2 we... | 151,163 | medmcqa_train |
Node of Rouviere is | Ref: Various articles & internet sources
Node of Rouviere is the most superior of the lateral group of the retropharyngeal lymph nodes. It is found at the base of the skull. They represent one of the first echelon lymphnodes typically involved in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). | 151,164 | medmcqa_train |
Secondary detion of the eye is based on the following law: | Ans. Hering's | 151,165 | medmcqa_train |
False about fibrous dysplasia | Mazabraud syndrome- Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia with intramuscular myxomas. | 151,166 | medmcqa_train |
What is not true about valid consent- | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Use technical jargon Legally valid consent for medical examination and treatment is one :-o Given by person himself, if above 12 years, conscious and mentally sound (sane),o Or given by parent, guardian, or friend, if patient is less than 12 years or is unconscious or is insane,o Is written informed c... | 151,167 | medmcqa_train |
Earliest suture to close among the following - | Premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures, either major/ minor is called as CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS. SEQUENCE OF CLOSURE OF SUTURES - METOPIC ( 2 months) - SAGGITAL - CORONAL - LAMBDOID (22-26 months)f/b frontonasal - frontozygomatic (68-72 months) Mc type of craniosynostosis is scaphocephaly/ Dolichocephaly d/t prematu... | 151,168 | medmcqa_train |
Wickehm's stria seen in – | The surface of lesion of lichen planus has white streaks when examined under magnifying lens → Wickham's stria. | 151,169 | medmcqa_train |
In lypoxygenase pathway of the arachidonic acid metabolism, which of the following products help to promote the platelets aggregation and vaso constriction | ref Robbins 9/e p84 Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is a type of thromboxane that is produced by activated platelets during hemostasis and has prothrombotic propeies: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation | 151,170 | medmcqa_train |
Commonest site of lytic lesion, in multiple myeloma is | Answer is A (Veebral column) The commonest site of involvement in multiple myeloma is veebral column. Although any bone may be involved, the following order of involvement is most often seen. Veebral column (66%) > Ribs (44%) > Skull(41%)> pelvis (28%)>frinur (24%) > clavicle(10%) > scapula(10%) | 151,171 | medmcqa_train |
The increase in the threshold of a receptor when a series of stimuli of subthreshold intensity are applied in succession is called | Accommodation - Slow rising subthreshold stimulus failing to produce action potential even when the normal threshold levels are reached.
This occurs because of inactivation of voltage-gated Na+ channels.
Adaptation- Persistent application of suprathreshold stimulus fails to generate repetitive firing. | 151,172 | medmcqa_train |
A patient with discharge per vagina was evaluated and on endocervical biopsy Chlamydia was found. Treatment to be given in this case is: | Ans. is a, i.e. Azithromycin and contact tracingRef: Harrison 18th/ed, pl426; William's Gynae 1st/ed, p66; Current diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases p 81Management of ChlamydiaUncomplicated chlamydia can be treated with Tetracycline (500mg 4 times daily), Doxycycline (1000mg twice daily), Erythro... | 151,173 | medmcqa_train |
Familial polysosis coli is associated with | .HNCC (hereditary nonpolyposis colonic cancer) * No polyps. Autosomal dominant* Three members of the family have colonic cancers * Lynch syndrome I is site specific - commonly right sided, occurs in early age group, 40% are metachronous * Lynch syndrome II has other malignancy in, stomach, breast, ovary, endometrium an... | 151,174 | medmcqa_train |
Urinary bladder develops from ? | Postallantoic pa of hind gut is the dilated endodermal cloaca, which is separated from the surface by cloacal mambrane.Urorectal septum divides endodermal cloacae into :-i) Anterior pa, known as primitive urogenital sinus, which develops into urinary bladder and urethra.ii) Posterior pa, known as primitive rectum, whic... | 151,175 | medmcqa_train |
In giant cell tumor of the bone.,the cell of origin is | The Neoplastic cells of giant cell tumor are primitive osteoblast precursors but they represent only a minority of the tumor cells.The bulk of the tumor consists of non Neoplastic osteoclast and their precursors Ref Robbins page no 1203 | 151,176 | medmcqa_train |
Cornification index or eosinophilic index in the diagnosis of atrophic vaginitis indicates: | The degree of maturation of exfoliated vaginal epithelial cells, as revealed by stained vaginal smears, is an index of estrogenic activity. Among the various methods of assessing the smears, the following are most commonly used: the maturation index consists of a differential count of 3 types of squamous cells--parabas... | 151,177 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following enzymes is the most impoant enzyme for regulating lipogenesis: | Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Rate limiting enzyme of fatty acid synthesis. Activated by citrate Inhibited by Palmitoyl CoA. Conves Acetyl CoA to Malonyl CoA, Also uses Biotin as coenzyme and ATP. As ATP is used, name of enzyme is also Malonyl CoA Synthetase. | 151,178 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following are seen in MEN 2b except ? | MEN 2B syndrome includes medullary carcinoma thyroid, pheochromocytoma along with phenotypic changes including marfanoid habitus, skeletal abnormalities, abnormal dental enamel, multiple mucosal neuromas. MEN 2A includes Primary hyperparathyroidism, Medullary carcinoma of thyroid and Pheochromocytoma. Pituitary tumours... | 151,179 | medmcqa_train |
Role of P-selectin in inflammation? | Rolling: It is the process of transient adhesion of leukocytes with the endothelial cells The weak and transient interactions involved in rolling are mediated by the selectin family of adhesion molecules Selectins are receptors expressed on leukocytes and endothelium that contain an extracellular domain that binds suga... | 151,180 | medmcqa_train |
Diagonal conjugateis defined as the distance between : | · The diagonal conjugate is clinically estimated by measuring the distance from the sacral promontory to the lower margin of the symphysis pubis | 151,181 | medmcqa_train |
For karyotyping, the dividing cells are arrested by the addition of colchicine in which of the following mitotic phase? | Chromosomes are examined after arresting dividing cells in metaphase with mitotic spindle inhibitors (e.g., N-diacetyl N-methylcolchicine), followed by staining. | 151,182 | medmcqa_train |
Brill Zinsser disease is caused by | DiseaseEtiologyDescriptionGroup Affected/Epidemiologic FactorsClinical SyndromeEpidemic typhusRickettsia prowazekiiMaculopapular eruption appearing inaxillae, spreading to trunk and later toextremities; usually spares face, palms, soles;evolves from blanchable macules to confluent eruption with petechiae; rash evanesce... | 151,183 | medmcqa_train |
True about the Tongue is | (B) Taste fibres from anterior 2/3 of the tongue is supplied by facial nerve # Chorda tympani is the nerve of taste (and therefore taste papillae) for anterior 2/3rd of tongue except circumvallate papillae.> Glossopharyngeal nerve is for both general sensation and taste from posterior l/3rd of tongue including circumva... | 151,184 | medmcqa_train |
All except in brown sequard syndrome | . *Ipsilateral dorsal column features are affected because they do not cross to opposite side until they reach medulla. Ref Harrison20th edition pg 2667 | 151,185 | medmcqa_train |
Heparin therapy should be monitored with intermittent estimation of: | aPTT is maintained 1.5 - 2 times the normal mean aPTT value. Clotting time is maintained at 1.8 - 2.5 times the normal mean aPTT value. From medical pharmacology padmaja 4th edition Page no 335 | 151,186 | medmcqa_train |
Radiological sign in case of Pehe's disease - | Pehes disease is divided into 5 distinct radiographic stages : *cessation of growth of capital femoral epiphysis - occurs after initial ischaemic episode & last for 6-12 months . *subchondral fracture - causes collapse of head &ischemia ,visible on radiograph for an average of three months *resorption - necrotic epiphy... | 151,187 | medmcqa_train |
Burns and hematemesis - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Curling's ulcer o Curling's ulcer is acute peptic ulcer (stress ulcer) of the duodenum described in 1842 by Curling as a complication of bums. According to Robb in's Curling ulcers are associated with severe burns or trauma,o Cushing's ulcer is acute peptic ulcer of stomach, duodenum and esophagus see... | 151,188 | medmcqa_train |
Which type of cells are NOT found in stomach? | Goblet cells are interspersed between the absorptive cells. They are less abundant in the duodenum and more numerous in the ileum. These cells produce glycoprotein mucins that are hydrated and cross-linked to form mucus, whose main function is to protect and lubricate the lining of the intestine. The cells of the gastr... | 151,189 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following are true about Obsessive compulsive disorder EXCEPT | (D) Insight is absent # Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder:> An obsession is defined as an idea, impulse or image which intrudes into conscious awareness repeatedly. It is recognized as one's own idea, impulse or image but is ego-alien (foreign to one's personality). It is recognized as irrational and absurd (insight is pre... | 151,190 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not an indication for a class II
activator: | Class-II and III malocclusions, class-I open bite and deep bite malocclusions, children with lack of vertical development in lower facial height, and upright mandibular incisors are indications of activators.
Activators may produce moderate mandibular rotation (anteriorly down words), so they are contraindicated in ver... | 151,191 | medmcqa_train |
Hea failure cells are | Rising pressure in the pulmonary veins is ultimately transmitted back to the capillaries and aeries of the lungs, resulting in congestion and edema as well as pleural effusion due to an increase in hydrostatic pressure in the venules of the visceral pleura. The lungs are heavy and boggy, and microscopically show periva... | 151,192 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is true upper esophageal sphincter? | Upper oesophageal sphincter(UES) is a true sphincter. It has pressure of 35-200mmHg. It is formed by cricopharyngeal muscle which is a striated muscle. It is under Neurochemical control.The only neurotransmitter of UES opening or closing muscles found to mediate contraction is acetylcholine acting through nicotinic cho... | 151,193 | medmcqa_train |
Which of following techniques is used for detection of variation in DNA sequence and Gene expression? | Ans. D. Microarray(Ref: Robbins 9/e page177,178)DNA microarray can be used to detect DNA sequence variationsRNA Microarray can detect Gene expression. | 151,194 | medmcqa_train |
In combination birth control pills, the contraceptive effect of the estrogenic component is primarily related to | The two estrogenic compounds used in oral contraceptives are ethinyl estradiol and its 3-methyl ether, mestranol.
To become biologically effective, mestranol must be demethylated to ethinyl estradiol, because mestranol does not bind to the estrogenic cytosol receptor.
The degree of conversion of mestranol to ethinyl es... | 151,195 | medmcqa_train |
Koch's triangle has blood supply from | Koch&;s triangle has blood supply from Right coronary | 151,196 | medmcqa_train |
Hypoglycemia in late infant and child occurs if blood glucose level is - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 40 mg/dl Hypoglycemia in neonate is defined as blood glucose of less than 40 mg/dl, irrespective of gestational age. | 151,197 | medmcqa_train |
A 30-year-old man who was recenlty started on haloperidol 30 mg/day developed hyperpyrexia, muscle rigidity, akinesia, mutism, sweating, tachycardia and increased blood pressure. The investigations showed increased WBC count, increased creatinine phophokinase. This is no history of any other drug intake or any signs of... | Ans is 'b' i.e. neuroleptic malignant syndrome It is a case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome due to intake of high dose of haloperidol (The usual dose of haloperidol is 2-20 mg/day)The syndrome may develop in upto 1% of patient using antipsychotic and is more common in high doses, the elderly and those with organic br... | 151,198 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is based on ionic charge - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Electrophoresis Property of protein usedMethodMolecular charge (Ionic charge)o Ion exchange chromatographyo High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)o Electrophoresis (simple on cellulose acetate starch gel)o Isoelectric focusing (a variant of electrophoresis)Protein solubility''Salting out' or sa... | 151,199 | medmcqa_train |
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