query stringlengths 1 1.57k | pos stringlengths 1 22.5k | idx int64 0 161k | task_name stringclasses 1
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Early maxillary carcinoma presents as: | Ans. A Bleeding per nose Early features of maxillary carcinoma are blood stained nasal discharge, nasal stuffiness, facial pain or paresthesias, and epiphora. | 15,400 | medmcqa_train |
A 14 year old boy present with headache fever and cough for 2 days. Sputum is scant and non purulent and gram stain reveals many white cells but no organisms. The treatment should be initiated with | Ref-KDT 6/e p729 Diagnosis is atypical pneumonia in the DOC is Erythromycin. | 15,401 | medmcqa_train |
Annual growth rate is | When crude death rate is substracted from crude bih rate , the net residual is current annual growth rate, exclusive of migration. Population growth rates like railway trains are subject to momentum. They sta slowly and gains momentum, once in motion, it takes time to bring momentum under control. Reference: Park&;s te... | 15,402 | medmcqa_train |
Bipolar II disorder includes - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Major depression and hypomania o Bipolar mood disorder include mania (recurrent episodes of mania alone), and episodes of mania & depression (manic - depressive illness). Bipolar disorder can be categorized into : - Bipolar I: - Episodes of mania and major depression with euthymic (normal mood) in bet... | 15,403 | medmcqa_train |
, Which of the following is a component of the visual pigment rhodopsin - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Retinal Vitamin A (Retinol)The retinoids are a family of molecules that are related to retinol (Vitamin A) and are essential for :VisionReproductionGrowthMaintenance of epithelial tissues Structure of vitamin AVitamin A is often used as a collective term for several related biologically active molecul... | 15,404 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is best for transpo of the newborn with maintenance of warm temperature? | The benefits of kangaroo mother care studies have found that skin-to-skin holding stabilizes hea and respiratory rates, improves oxygen saturation rates, better regulates an infant's body temperature, and conserves a baby's calories. Ref essentials of paediatrics op ghai 9e Pg110 | 15,405 | medmcqa_train |
Which moiety of haemoglobin molecule binds 2,3 BPG at pH 7.0? | The hemoglobin tetramer binds one molecule of BPG in the central cavity formed by its four subunits. However, the space between the H helices of the chains lining the cavity is sufficiently wide to accommodate BPG only when hemoglobin is in the T state. BPG forms salt bridges with the terminal amino groups of both chai... | 15,406 | medmcqa_train |
Enzymes used in DNA research programme are except: | D i.e. None Enzymes used in recombination DNA technology are nuclease (BAL-31, S1), exonuclease (III, A), endonuclease (restriction), DNase I, DNA polymerase I, DNA ligase, reverse transcriptase (RNA dependent DNA polymerase) Q, polynucleotide kinase, terminal transferase and alkaline phosphatase (not acid phosphatase)... | 15,407 | medmcqa_train |
Investigation of choice in pheochromocytoma is - | Diagnosis of pheochromocytoma :-
The diagnosis is typically confirmed by measurement of urinary and plasma fractionated metanephrines and catecholamines.
However there are major regional institutional and international differences in the approach to the biochemical diagnosis of pheochromocytoma and there is still no c... | 15,408 | medmcqa_train |
If division of feilized egg takes place in between 5-8 days. It would give rise to which kind of twin pregnancy: March 2009, March 2013 (c) | Ans. B: Monochorionic/diamniotic Approximately 70% of monozygotic twins are monochorionic /diamniotic. If splitting occurs later (ie, 9-12 d after feilization), monochorionic/ monoamniotic placentation occurs. Monochorionic/monoamniotic twins are rare; only 1% of monozygotic twins have this form of placentation. twins ... | 15,409 | medmcqa_train |
"Eleks" test is for: | Diptheria | 15,410 | medmcqa_train |
Flowcytometry of an AML patient showed CD41 and CD61 positivity, it belongs to which FAB classification? | Acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia can often be diagnosed only by expression of the platelet-specific antigens CD41 and/or CD61.It is classified under the AML-M7 category of the FAB classificationRef: Harrison 19th edition pg: 678 | 15,411 | medmcqa_train |
Commonest cause of recto vaginal fistula is : | Improper repair of perineal tear | 15,412 | medmcqa_train |
Inclusion body in oligodendroglia is a feature of which of the following | Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare and often fatal viral disease characterized by progressive damage (-pathy) or inflammation of the white matter (leuko-) of the brain (-encephalo-) at multiple locations (multifocal). It is caused by the JC virus, which is normally present and kept under control... | 15,413 | medmcqa_train |
Risk for postnatal urinary abnormality is severe if Renal pelvic dilatation is ----- in third trimester? | Risk for Postnatal Urinary Abnormality According to Degree of Renal Pelvis DilatationDilatationSecond trimesterThird trimesterPostnatal abnormalityMild4 to < 7mm7 to < 9mm12%Moderate7 to <= 10mm9 to <= 15mm45%Severe> 10mm> 15mm88%(Ref: William's Obstetrics; 25th edition) | 15,414 | medmcqa_train |
Female pseudohermaph rod itis m cause - MC. | Ans. is 'a' i.e., CAHFemale pseudo hermaphroditismo Have internal genitalia female typeo Karyo type XXo Masculinisation of external genitaliao Most common - CAHCongenital adrenal hyperplasiaM-C. 21 hydroxylase deficiencyo Other cause excess maternal androgen due to -Maternal ovarian tumor.Maternal drug intake,o Treatme... | 15,415 | medmcqa_train |
Fungus having non-septate hyphae and producing sporangiospores is: March 2011 | Ans. C: Phycomycetes Phycomycetes are lower fungi which have non-septate hyphae and form endogenous asexual spores (sporangiospores) contained within sporangia Systematic classification of fungi, based on their sexual spore formation, recognizes 4 classes: Phycomycetes: Non-septate hyphae, produces sporangiospores (ase... | 15,416 | medmcqa_train |
Pathognomic features of trachoma follicle are: | Ans. Both of the above | 15,417 | medmcqa_train |
A mylocardial infarct showing early granulation tissue has most likely occured - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Within 1 weekEarly granulation tissue is seen between 6-10 days.o Within one month mature granulation tissue is seen. | 15,418 | medmcqa_train |
Cystic hygroma is | CYSTIC HYGROMA (Cavernous Lymphangioma)
It is a cystic swelling due to sequestration of a portion of jugular lymph sac from the lymphatic system, during the developmental period in utero.
Present at birth and so may cause obstructed labour. Occasionally present in early infancy.
Lymphatics fail to communicate to venou... | 15,419 | medmcqa_train |
All are seen in hysterical somatisation except - | Detailed physical examination does not reveal any abnormality in hysteria. | 15,420 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following are features of pyle disease except | Answer- B. It is an epiphyseal dysplasiaMetaphyseal dysplasia, also known as Pyle's disease, Pyle's syndrome, Pyle-Cohn syndrome, and Bakwin-Krida syndrome is a rare disease in which the outer pa ofthe shafts oflong bones is thinner than normal and there is an increased ihance of fractures. | 15,421 | medmcqa_train |
A 57-year-old woman experiences frequent symptoms of heartburn. She reports no weight loss, diarrhea, or dysphagia symptoms. Past medical history is significant for vitamin B12 deficiency treated with monthly injections. She appears well, and the examination is normal, except for some patches on her arms where she has ... | Type A chronic gastritis may lead to pernicious anemia. Antibodies to parietal cells and to intrinsic factor are frequently seen in the sera, suggesting an immune or autoimmune pathogenesis. These patients can also have autoimmune thyroid disease and vitiligo. | 15,422 | medmcqa_train |
Drug of choice for acute PSVT | Adenosine is used for acute termination of PSVT Verapamil and esmolol are used as an alternate 2nd choice of drugsRef: Katzung 11th ed pg 243 | 15,423 | medmcqa_train |
In a slow sand filter ,the element responsible for yielding bacteria freewater is the | SLOW SAND OR BIOLOGICAL FILTERS Slow sand filters were first used for water treatment in 1804 in Scotland and subsequently in London. During the 19th century their use spread throughout the world. Even today, they are generally accepted as the standard method of water purification. Elements of a slow sand filter Essent... | 15,424 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not true regarding development of inferior vena cava? | DEVELOPMENT OF VENOUS DRAINAGE : Beginning of IVC is by posterior cardinal vein. Renal & supra renal poion formed by sub cardinal vein Infra renal poion formed by supra cardinal vein Hepatic poion is formed by right vitelline vein Anterior cardinal vein forms SVC | 15,425 | medmcqa_train |
Propanolol is contraindicated in a patient of angina pectoris who is already receiving: | Propanolol is a b-blocker. Verapamil should not be given with b blockers because additive sinus depression, conduction defects or asystole may occur. | 15,426 | medmcqa_train |
An 8 month female baby presented with 1 day h/o lethargy. She had vomited several times. Her drug addict mother said she appeared "intoxicated".O/E: baby was obtunded but she was easily arousable and muscle tone was normal. RR = 60/min. Pupils are normal. BP was 112/62.Ix: Na+= 135 K+ = 4.2 ,Glucose 5.9 mmol/l , Cl- = ... | Impoant points in history: * Drug addict mother * Tachypnea * Pupils normal - no CNS depression by opioids * Calcium oxalate crystal - d/t ethylene glycol poisoning Ethylene glycol poisoning - leads to - acute tubular necrosis ABG: pH = 7.19, pCO2 = 20, PO2 = 100 , HCO3 = 6.2 Calculation: Anion gap: Na - (Cl- + HCO3) =... | 15,427 | medmcqa_train |
Hea failure cells are stained by? | Hea failure cells: Hemosiderin-laden macrophages Found in lung affected by CVC lung and not in the hea. Hemosiderin pigment in these cells stains blue with Prussian blue stain (Perl's stain). | 15,428 | medmcqa_train |
Radiological sign in case of Pehe's disease ? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., PA factor positive Seronegative spondvloahropathies The seronegative spondyloahropathies are a group of disorders that share ceain clinical features and genetic associations. The word seronegative referes to the absence of rheumatoid factor in this group of disorders. The seronegative spondyloahropath... | 15,429 | medmcqa_train |
All are seen in metachromatic leukodystrophy EXCEPT: | Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD): Caused by defective enzyme Arylsulfatase A There is hypotonia and absent reflexes Mental retardation Optic atrophy Decerebrate posture | 15,430 | medmcqa_train |
Baby with recurrent infection of ear & discharge & seborrheic dermatitis with hepatosplenomegaly with cystic skull lesions. Diagnosis is | In Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis,the most common involvement is of the skeleton(80%).Bone lesions can be single or multiple affecting skull bones,long bones,veebrae,mastoid and mandible.The lesions may be painless or present with pain and local swelling;X rays show sharp lytic lesions.Clinical manifestation includes ve... | 15,431 | medmcqa_train |
Parboiling is done for- | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Preservation of nutrition o Parboiling (partial cooking in steam) is technique of preserving the nutritive value of rice. In parboiling, greater parts of vitamins and minerals present in outer layer of the rice grain are driven into the deepar layers. With subsequent milling the nutrient are not remov... | 15,432 | medmcqa_train |
Desensitization is a type of | BEHAVIOUR THERAPY : Systematic Desensitization, Therapeutic-Graded Exposure, flooding, Paicipant, Modeling, Asseiveness Training, Social Skills Training, Aversion Therapy, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing(EMDR)* Systematic Desensitization (Wolpe) based on counterconditioning, therapy for all types of phobi... | 15,433 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is bone forming malignant tumour? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Osteosarcoma o Bone-forming tumours are a sub-set of bone tumours that are characterised by their propensity to form excess osteoid. They can be further subdivided into benign and malignant tumours.Benign tumours# Osteoid osteoma# Osteoblastoma# Bone island (enostosis)# Osteopoikilosis# OsteomaMaligna... | 15,434 | medmcqa_train |
Vein used to bypass the coronary aery | Varicose veins are due to the touosity of the long saphenous vein and occur mostly due to prolonged standing.The long saphenous vein is used to bypass the coronary aery after inveing the vein.Ref: Chaurasia; Volume 2; 6th edition; Page no: 135 | 15,435 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following statements about leprosy are true except - | A defaulter is a leprosy patient on MDT , who has not collected treatment for 12 consecutive months Reference; Park&;s Textbook of preventive and social medicine, 24th edition.Pg no. 340 | 15,436 | medmcqa_train |
The characteristic features of El tor cholera are all except | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Secondary attack rate is high in family El Tor vibrio . It is much hardier than classical vibrios, capable of surviving in the environment much longer. . The severity of illness is much less, with a large propoion of mild and asymptomatic infections. . Moality is low and the carrier rate is high. . Fe... | 15,437 | medmcqa_train |
A normal-anion-gap metabolic acidosis occurs in patients with- | Alkali can be lost from the gastrointestinal tract from diarrhea or from the kidneys (renal tubular acidosis, A). In these disorders, reciprocal changes in and result in a normal anion gap (AG). * In pure non-AG acidosis, therefore, the increase in above the normal value approximates the decrease in . | 15,438 | medmcqa_train |
Thermatomyces is used in? | Ans. a (Sterilization standardization). (Ref. Ananthnarayan, Microbiology, 4th ed., 26, 29)# For determining the efficiency of moist-heat sterilization = Spores of bacillus stearothermophilus.# For determining the efficiency of dry-heat sterilization = Spores of non-toxigenic strains of C.tetani. | 15,439 | medmcqa_train |
Large for date baby may be due to: | Beckwith syndrome is charectorised by : macrosomia, macroglossia and omphalocele. cytogenic location is 11q15 and is associated with wilm's tumour of kidney. other risk factors which our likelihood of large fetus are : large size of parents multiparity prolonged gestation increased maternal age male fetus previous infa... | 15,440 | medmcqa_train |
The ratio of fat cells and blood cells in bone marrow is- | Fat to Cell ratio - in bone marrow should be 1:1 so 1/2 hemopoietic cells and 1/2 are fat cells myeloid: erythroid ratio -in bone marrow -should be 3:1 -an increased ratio is found in infections, chronic myelogenous leukemia, or erythroid hypoplasia. | 15,441 | medmcqa_train |
Incidence of Turner syndrome: MAHE 10 | Ans. 1: 2500 | 15,442 | medmcqa_train |
In secondary syphilis, true about rash is – | Initial lesion of secondary syphilis is characterized by macules which are :
i) Non-pruritic (asymptomatic)
ii) Bilateral symmetrical | 15,443 | medmcqa_train |
Bedsore is an example of: | Ans. (b) Trophic ulcer* Bedsore is a pressure ulcer. Most common in sacrum site due to persistent pressure in the back.* This is a type of trophic ulcer.* This can be prevented by frequent change of positioning of the bedridden patient and using Water/Aqua bed.* Once bedsore is formed it is difficult to treat.* Treatme... | 15,444 | medmcqa_train |
All are examples of hereditary neuropathies associated with abnormal lipid metabolism, EXCEPT: | Rare Hereditary Neuropathies A) Hereditary Disorders of Lipid Metabolism 1. Metachromatic leukodystrophy 2. Krabbe disease (globoid cell leukodystrophy) 3. Fabry disease 4. Adrenoleukodystrophy/adrenomyeloneuropathy 5. Refsum disease 6. Tangier disease 7. Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis B) Hereditary Ataxias With Neurop... | 15,445 | medmcqa_train |
Most common sets of Metastases of carcinoma bronchi | Distant metastases blood stream are widespread and early.The sites affected,in descending order of involvement,are:the liver,adrenals,bones,pancreas,brain,opposite lung,kidneys & thyroid. Textbook of pathology-6th edition,Harsh Mohan,6th edition,page no:502 | 15,446 | medmcqa_train |
Impoance of CVP measurements is : | A i.e. Need for blood transfusion | 15,447 | medmcqa_train |
Products accumulated in Hunter 's syndrome are | B i.e Dermatan sulfate | 15,448 | medmcqa_train |
Characterstic CVS leison in syphils is - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Aoic ring dilatation Syphilitic aoitis usually affects the proximal ascending aoa, paicularly the aoic root, resulting in aoic dilatation and aneurism formation. | 15,449 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not a radiographic indication of systemic disease? | Because systemic disorders affect the entire body, the changes manifested in the appearance of the jaws in diagnostic images are usually generalized and often nonspecific, making it difficult to identify the diseases based on imaging characteristics alone. The general changes that can be seen in the jaws include the fo... | 15,450 | medmcqa_train |
Drug used for obesity: | (A) Orlistat # Anti Obesity Drugs:> Sibutramine: serotonin and nor-epinephrine reuptake inhibitor.> Orlistat: gastric and pancreatic lipase inhibitor.> Rimonabant: Selective cannabinoid receptors antagonist. Other Drugs> Leptin analogs: Under investigational study.> Orlistat is a synthetic hydrogenated derivative of a ... | 15,451 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following will quality as a class III exposure to rabies? | <p> caterogies of contact and post exposure prophylaxis in rabies:- Category 1: touching or feeding animals, licks on intact skin. PEP- none. Category 2: nibbling of uncovered skin, minor scratch/abrasions without bleeding. PEP- immediate vaccination and local treatment of wounds. Category 3: single/ multiple transderm... | 15,452 | medmcqa_train |
Type I hypersensitivity is mediated by which of the following immunoglobulins? | Type I hypersensitivity reaction is IgE dependent. Cytotoxic IgE antibodies are fixed on the surface of tissue cells ( mast cells and basophils) in sensitized individuals. The antigen combines with the cell fixed antibody, leading to release of pharmacologically active substance that produces the clinical reaction. Ref... | 15,453 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following should be the line of management in a pregnant female with controlled diabetes? | Ans. b (Pregnant females with controlled diabetes are more likely to deliver child by normal vaginal delivery without any complication). (Ref. Dutta, Obstertics, 6th ed., p 284)DIABETES IN PREGNANCY# Gestational diabetes usually begins in the second half of pregnancy, and goes away after the baby is bom.Effects on the ... | 15,454 | medmcqa_train |
SIADH feature | (A) Hyponatremia with sodium excretion > 20mEq/l # Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) secretion (SIADH) is defined by the hyponatremia and hypo-osmolality resulting from inappropriate, continued secretion or action of the hormone despite normal or increased plasma volume, which results in impaired wat... | 15,455 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following are true regarding enoxaparin EXCEPT: | Ref KDT, 6th ed. pg. 599-600* Low molecular weight heparin, Enoxaparin, inhibits only factor Xa whereas unfractionated heparin inhibits both factor IIa and factor Xa. | 15,456 | medmcqa_train |
Which is true about Widal reaction - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Antibody to 'H' antigen appears first and persists | 15,457 | medmcqa_train |
Blow out carotid is characteristically seen in | History of radiation exposure followed by radical neck dissection increases the risk of carotid blowout in head and neck cancers. * Carotid blowout refers to rupture of the carotid and its branches* It is one of the most devastating complications associated with therapy for head and neck cancers * Carotid blowout tends... | 15,458 | medmcqa_train |
Multiple 'punched out holes' in skull are seen in: | Ans. Multiple myeloma | 15,459 | medmcqa_train |
Placental alkaline phosphatase is marker of | Placental alkaline phosphatase is a marker of seminoma. Also know Gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase is marker of - seminoma testis AFP is not produced by - seminomas and Choriocarcinomas | 15,460 | medmcqa_train |
Randomisation is useful to eliminate:(1994) | Ans: bRef: Park, 17th ed, p. 72 & 18th ed, p. 76 | 15,461 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not associated with actions of siuins? | Siuins They are a family of NAD-dependent protein deacetylases. There are at least 7 types They have non-redundant functions designed to adapt bodily functions to various environmental stresses, including Food deprivation and DNA damage. Functions:- These include proteins that inhibit metabolic activity Reduce apoptosi... | 15,462 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is the most common origin of cerebral metastasis? | Lung: 40%
Breast : 10 - 30%
Melanoma : 5 - 15%
Unknown : 15% | 15,463 | medmcqa_train |
A 50 year old male patient complains of reduced mouth opening. Patient gives h/o RTA 1 week back. A panoramic X-ray was taken using fast intensifying screen. Which of the following is not true about the screen used in this patient? | Fast screens have large phosphor crystals and efficiently convert X-ray photons to visible light, but produce images with lower resolution. Fast screens also have a thicker phosphor layer and a reflective layer, but these properties also decrease sharpness. In deciding on the combination to use, the practitioner must c... | 15,464 | medmcqa_train |
The most impoant factor decreasing the systemic bioavailability of orally administered drugs is | Bioavailability is defined as the fraction of unchanged drug reaching the systemic circulation following administration by any route. For an intravenous dose of the drug, bioavailability is assumed to be equal to unity. For a drug administered orally, bioavailability may be less than 100% for two main reasons: 1. The i... | 15,465 | medmcqa_train |
Which cells produce surfactant in conducting part of the lung? | Ans. (d) Clara cells(Ref: Robbins 9th/pg 670; 8th/pg 679)Club cells, also known as bronchiolar exocrine cells, originally known as Clara cells, are dome-shaped cells with short microvilli, found in the small airways (bronchioles) of the lungs, produce substances similar to surfactant. | 15,466 | medmcqa_train |
Normal cardiac index is | Experiments have shown that the cardiac output increases approximately in propoion to the surface area of the body. Therefore, cardiac output is frequently stated in terms of the cardiac index, which is the cardiac output per square meter of body surface area. The average human being who weighs 70 kilograms has a body ... | 15,467 | medmcqa_train |
Sequence of events, after salpingitis, in gonorrhoeal pelvic infection is: March 2013 | Ans. B i.e. Pyosalpinx, hydrosalpinx, pelvic abscess | 15,468 | medmcqa_train |
Antrochoanal polyp is characterized by: | Nasal polyps are non-neoplastic masses of edematous nasal or sinus mucosa. They do not bleed on touch and are insensitive to probing and never present with epistaxis or bleeding from nose. Recurrence is uncommon in case of antrochoanal polyp. Antrochoanal polyps arise from maxillary arum and then grow into choana and n... | 15,469 | medmcqa_train |
Most common chromosomal defect is: | Ans: a (Downs) Ref: Robbins, 7th ed, p. 175Down's syndrome is the most common of the chromosome disorders and a major cause of mental retardation.Cytogenetic abnormalityNon disjunction (MC) = 95%Translocation (robertsonian) = 4 %Mosaicism = 1%Increased maternal age is the main risk factor .Translocation carriers carry ... | 15,470 | medmcqa_train |
Level of which clotting factor falls first after giving warfarin? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., VII | 15,471 | medmcqa_train |
A 32 year old patient with history of recurrent headache was sent for fundus evaluation. He was found to be having generalized aerial attenuation with multiple cotton wool spots and flame shaped haemorrhages in both eyes. The most likely cause is: | Hypeensive retinopathy | 15,472 | medmcqa_train |
A person with radiologically confirmed reflux nephropathy develops nephrotic range proteinuria. Which of the following would be the most likely histological finding in the patient? | The pathogenesis of primary FSGS is unknown. Some investigators have suggested that FSGS and minimal-change disease are pa of a continuum and that minimal-change disease may transform into FSGS. Others believe them to be distinct clinicopathologic entities from the outset. In any case, injury to the podocytes is though... | 15,473 | medmcqa_train |
Thymic hypoplasia is: | DiGeorge Syndrome (Thymic Hypoplasia) DiGeorge syndrome is caused by a congenital defect in thymic development resulting in deficient T-cell maturation. The disorder is a consequence of a developmental malformation affecting the third and fouh pharyngeal pouches, structures that give rise to the thymus, parathyroid gla... | 15,474 | medmcqa_train |
Feature of human hair are all EXCEPT: | Differences b/w Human and Animal hair- Trait Human hair Animal hair General Fine & thin Coarse & thick Cuticle Scales sho, broad, flattened/ thin. Scales large, wavy projections/step-like projections. Coex Thick, 4-10 times as broad as medulla. Thin, rarely more than twice as broad as medulla Medulla Varies, narrow, co... | 15,475 | medmcqa_train |
"Classical phenyl ketonuria" is caused by deficiency of | (Phenylalanine hydroxylase) (470 - RS 7th) (366 - U.S)PHENYLKETONURIA - 5 types of hyperphenylalaminemiasHYPER PHENYLALANINEMIASTypeConditionProbable enzyme defectTreatmentIClassical phenyl ketonuriaPhenylalanine hydroxylaseLow phenylalanine dietIIPeristent hyperphenyl alaninaemiaDecreased phenylalanine hydroxylase enz... | 15,476 | medmcqa_train |
Oral pill may prevent the development of : | Ovarian malignancy | 15,477 | medmcqa_train |
Aldosterone is secreted by- | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Zona glomerulosa * The adrenal gland consists of an outer cortex and inner medulla. The hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex are called corticosteroid, which are classified into glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and androgens. The hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla are epinephrine and some ... | 15,478 | medmcqa_train |
A patient of post-cholecystectomy biliary stricture has undergone an ERCP three days ago. Following this she has developed acute cholangitis. The most likely organism is | The most common bacteria linked to ascending /acute cholangitis is Escherichia coli(25-50%),followed by other gram negative bacilli like Klebsiella(15-20%),proteus and pseudomonas.Among gram positive,enterococcus is common(10-20%)and anaerobes like Clostridium. Reference:SRB's manual of surgery,5th edition,page no:643 | 15,479 | medmcqa_train |
A 55-year-old male firefighter is admitted to the hospital after blunt trauma to his right axilla. Examination reveals winging of the scapula and partial paralysis of the right side of the diaphragm. Which of the following parts of the brachial plexus have been injured? | The winged scapula results from a lesion of the long thoracic nerve, which supplies the serratus anterior muscle. This muscle is responsible for rotating the scapula upward, which occurs during abduction of the arm above the horizontal. The long thoracic nerve comes off the C5 to C7 roots of the brachial plexus. The di... | 15,480 | medmcqa_train |
Calcitonin is secreted from - | Calcitonin is a hypocalcemic peptide hormone that in several mammalian species acts as an indirect antagonist to the calcemic actions of PTH. Calcitonin is produced by the thyroid medullary C cells, derived from the neural crest derivatives from the ultimobranchial body. The C cells are interspersed throughout the thyr... | 15,481 | medmcqa_train |
Luteal phase defect is best diagnosed by : | Endometrial biopsy | 15,482 | medmcqa_train |
Calculus is most commonly seen in which salivary gland: | Stone formation is most common in submaxillary (submandibular) gland (80-90% cases) followed by parotid gland (10-20%). It can occur at any age with a predilection for men. Predisposing factors for stone formation are systemic disease (Hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemia, gout, diabetes and hypeension) therefore submand... | 15,483 | medmcqa_train |
Most common indication of liver transplantation in children:- | Indications of Liver Transplantation MC indication of LT HCV induced cirrhosisQ 2nd MC indication of LT Alcoholic liver diseases MC indication of pediatric LT Biliary atresiaQ MC metabolic disorder requiring LT Alpha-1 antytrypsin deficiencyQ MC indication for LT following acute liver failure Acetaminophen toxicityQ | 15,484 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is typical of apoptosis? | Apoptosis is characterized by the activation of endonucleases, which leads to DNA fragmentation. The chromatin of apoptotic nuclei appears clumped as inpyknosism, but karyolysis does not occur. Nuclei may become fragmented, but this fragmentation is distinct from the mitotic division. Apoptosis does not induce an influ... | 15,485 | medmcqa_train |
Indications for fine needle aspiration in liver abscess are | Indications of fine needle aspiration in liver abscess are - in case of large abscess (>10cm), infected abscess, failure of drug therapy, large left lobe abscess, seronegative, abscess in pregnancy where drug therapy cannot be used. Reference :SRB edition 5 ,page no.599 | 15,486 | medmcqa_train |
Corticosteroids are potent suppressors of the body’s inflammatory response. Which of the following conditions or actions do they suppress? | Option C: Corticosteroids suppress eosinophils, lymphocytes, and natural killer cells, inhibiting the natural inflammatory process in an infected or injured part of the body.
Option A: Excessive corticosteroid therapy can lead to Cushing’s syndrome.
Options B and D: Corticosteroids do not suppress the pain receptors an... | 15,487 | medmcqa_train |
Group A streptococcus causes all except - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Epidermolysis bullae | 15,488 | medmcqa_train |
Investigation of choice to evaluate intracranial hemorrhage of less than 48 hours is - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., CT o Procedure of choice for emergent evaluation of acute intracerebral hemorrhage - CT scan. | 15,489 | medmcqa_train |
Fredrich's ataxia is caused by which type of mutation- | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Expanded trinucleotide repeat o Freidrich ataxia is an autosomal recessive disorder.o It is caused by loss of functional mutation in frataxin gene (FxN) gene.o Frataxin gene is located on chromosome 9ql 3.o Majority of patients have an expanded trinucleotide repeat in intron 1 of both alleles of frata... | 15,490 | medmcqa_train |
Wound with bloody discharge belongs to which grade as per Southampton wound grading system | Southampton wound grading system for healing and injection :
Grade 0 is normal healing.
Grade 1 is with bruising / mild erythema.
Grade 2 is severe erythema with other features of inflammation at or around wound.
Grade 3 is serous or bloody discharge.
Grade 4 is presence of pus or deep infection or tissue break - down... | 15,491 | medmcqa_train |
Cracked nipple may be- | • This may occur during lactation and be the forerunner of acute infective mastitis.
• If the nipple becomes cracked during lactation, it should be rested for 24–48 hours and the breast should be emptied with a breast pump.
• Feeding should be resumed as soon as possible. | 15,492 | medmcqa_train |
Common design which can be employed while fabricating a sanitary pontic: | Fishbelly pontic is also known as conventional pontic.
Perel pontic is also known as modified sanitary pontic or arc-fixed partial denture. | 15,493 | medmcqa_train |
Which is not a feature of pilonidal sinus: | "Recurrence is common, even though adequate excision of the track is carried out." - Bailey & Love "Once an acute episode has resolved, recurrence is common"- Schwartz 9/e p1067
Pilonidal disease
Pilonidal disease consists of a hair-containing abscess or chronic sinus, occurring in the intergluteal cleft.
It is an acqu... | 15,494 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following statements are True or False? 1. Genetic polymorphisms of the P450 enzyme system, specifically CYP1A1, or chromosome fragility are associated with the development of lung cancer. 2. Cigarette smoking increases the risk of squamous and small cell lung cancer cell types only. 3. Varenicline-nicotin... | Cigarette smoking increases the risk of all the major lung cancer cell types. Extrathoracic metastatic disease is found at autopsy in >50% of patients with squamous carcinoma. This is an impoant topic for entrance read thoroughly. Ref: Harrisons Principles of Medicine, 18th Edition, Pages 741-42 | 15,495 | medmcqa_train |
Barr body is not seen in: | Barr body, or X chromatin Inactive X can be seen in the interphase nucleus as a darkly staining small mass in contact with the nuclear membrane known as the. Number of Barr bodies = number of X chromosome -1 , Turner syndrome patients, number of Barr body = 1-1=0. | 15,496 | medmcqa_train |
Supracristal plane is above ? | Ans.a. Highest point of iliac crestSupracristal plane is an anatomical transverse plane lying at the upper most pa of the pelvis, the iliac crest.This is usually at the level of the L4 veebrae.It passes through the umbilical region and the left and right lumbar regions. | 15,497 | medmcqa_train |
Bilateral upper limb pulse less disease is? | bilateral upper limb pulseless disease is caused by aooaeritis Takayasu's aeritis (also known as, "aoic arch syndrome," "nonspecific aooaeritis," and "pulseless disease) is a form of large vessel granulomatous vasculitis with massive intimal fibrosis and vascular narrowing, most commonly affecting often young or middle... | 15,498 | medmcqa_train |
Biphasic pattern on histology is seen in? | Synovial cell sarcoma can have dual lining of differentiation consisting of epithelial and spindle tumor cells. | 15,499 | medmcqa_train |
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