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Which of the following is not associated with Diabetes mellitus?
ANSWER: (C) HypothyroidismREF: Harrison's 18th ed ch: 344Endocrinopathies associated with Diabetes are:AcromegalyCushings syndromeGlucagonomaPheochromocytomaHyperthyroidismSomatostatinomaAldosteronoma
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Delusions are seen in all the following except :
A. i.e. OCD
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Definition of severe acute malnutrition includes which of the following?
b. Wt for Ht <-3SD(Ref: Ghai 9/e p 97)Wt for Ht <-3SD on WHO growth standard is one of the diagnostic criteria for severe acute malnutrition.
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Acid fast staining can be positive with?
Ans. d (All).(Ref. Microbiology by Ananthnarayan, 7th/357; Harsh Mohan, Pathology, 4th ed., 32)ACID FAST STAINING IS POSITIVE with {Mnemonic = MMC BLINC) :- Mycobacterium tuberculosis, - Mycobacterium leprae, - Cyclospora, - Bacterial spores, - Lipofuschin pigment,- Isospora, - Nocardia, - Cryptosporidium.Educational p...
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All of the following are true in a randomized control trial (RCT) except -
.
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Which is the nerve root of Biceps jerk?
Ans. A C5-C6Ref: Gray's Anatomy, 41st ed. pg. 792* Biceps jerk (C5, 6) The elbow is flexed to a right angle and slightly pronated. A finger is placed on the biceps tendon and struck with a percussion hammer; this should elicit flexion and slight supination of the forearm.Extra Mile* Triceps jerk (C6-8) The arm is suppo...
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Which among the following is the allosteric activator of acetyl CoA carboxylase?
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is an allosteric enzyme and is activated by citrate, which increases in concentration in the well-fed state and is an indicator of a plentiful supply of acetyl-CoA. Citrate promotes the conversion of the enzyme from an inactive dimer to an active polymeric form, with a molecular mass of several m...
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All of the following are branched chain amino acids EXCEPT:
There are three branched chain amino acids: Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine. Branching is a difficult thing to be done (just an idea to learn). So, all these branched chain amino acids are essential (required in diet). Extra Information: Branched Chain Amino Acids All are non-polar (Isoleucine is most non-polar) Leucine...
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A d-xylose test was requested on a patient with history of long standing steatorrhea '5' hour urine sample showed <4.0 gm excretion after giving 25 gm of d-xylose. The most likely diagnosis is :
Answer is D (Celiac sprue) A Positive d-xylose test suggests a diagnosis of celiac disease Decreased urinary excretion of d- xylose (<5.0 gm) 5 hours after administration of 25 gm D- xylose (positive test) suggests malabsorption due to intestinal mucosal disease in the proximal small bowel (duodenum and jejunum). Celia...
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Guanylin is secreted by :
Paneth cells are endocrine cells located in crypts of lieberkuhn.
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Which among the following is NOT a feature of adipocere formation?
Adipocere has a offensive rancid or an unpleasant sweetish smell. It occurs as a result of hydrolysis and hydrogenation of preexisting fats into higher fatty acids which later combines with calcium and ammonium ions to form soluble soap which resists putrefaction. Ref: Textbook of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology by Na...
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A 68-year-old man is seen in the emergency room after an unwitnessed syncopal episode. His wife heard a strange noise and found him confused and on the floor of the living room where he had been watching television. His wife tells you that he has no ongoing medical problems, does not take any medications, and does not ...
Though syncope is often due to a cardiovascular cause, the presence of a tongue laceration and urinary incontinence suggest syncope due to a seizure. Furthermore, patients with syncope due to cardiac causes usually recover normal mentation within a few minutes. Prolonged drowsiness is a common postictal phenomenon that...
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Punishment for adultery is
Man who commits the offence of adultery shall be punished with imprisonment up to 5 years or with fine or both. Ref: FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY DR PC IGNATIUS THIRD EDITION PAGE 308
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Secondary osteosarcoma is associated with
Causes of secondary osteosarcomaPaget&;s DiseaseFibrous dysplasiaRadiationEnchondromatosisHereditary multiple exostosesChronic osteomyelitisBone infarction (Refer: Manish Kumar Varshney's Essential Ohopedics Principles & Practice, 1st edition, pg no. 191, 192)
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Drug used in heparin overdose aEUR'
Protamine sulfate The most common adverse effect of heparin is bleeding. Protamine sulfate is an antidote of heparin. Protamine is strongly basic low molecular weight protein. Protamine sulfate is rarely needed in heparin induced bleeding because the action of heparin disappears by itself in few hours. The best managem...
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Digestion in intestinal mucosa is inhibited by ?
Ans. is 'b' i.e., G lamblia . Giardia lambia inhabits small intestine and cause malabsorption. . It is believed that symptoms of malabsorption are clinical signs of loss of brush border enzyme activities.
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For better detection of an early lesion use:
For better detection of an early lesion use: Low KVp Low mA Low exposure time
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Bullet which is left inside the body for long is referred to as -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Souvenir bullet o Projectile is an object propelled by force of rapidly burning gases. In shotgun these are lead shots and pellets (recently steel is also used instead of lead) and in rifled weapons (pistal, rifle, revolver), these are bullets. Tip of the bullet is knwon as nose. Varieties of bullets ...
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A 43 - year - old lady presents with colicky right upper quadrant pain which radiates to right shoulder and is exacerbated by eating fatty foods. Which of the following radiological investigations should you request first ?
Clinical presentation is suggestive of Gall stones. 1st investigation to be performed is abdominal ultrasound, as most of the gall stones are radiolucent.
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A 25-year-old man experiences pain in the right knee while skiing, causing his knee to twist and him to fall to the ground. His knee is swollen. He cannot bear full weight or fully extend or bend his leg. There is tenderness over the medial joint line (Figure below). Emergency- room x-ray findings were normal, and the ...
Restriction of motion ("locking"), effusion ("swelling"), and medial joint-line tenderness are the hallmarks of meniscal tears. Stability-to-stress testing eliminates collateral ligament rupture, and the ability to elevate the straight leg eliminates patella dislocation and quadriceps tendon ruptures. In addition, pate...
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Which of the following tests is most sensitive and specific test during antenatal check-up for a pregnant lady with family history of Thalassemia?
Naked Eye Single Tube Red Cell Osmotic Fragility Test - NESTROFT (sensitive but less specific) Hemoglobin electrophoresis does not give quanititative results for different Hb fractions HPLC (High performance liquid chromatography), best among the options given HPLC gives HbA2 percentage. HbA2 > 4% (3.5-8%) is diagnosti...
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All are symptoms of lacunar infarct except
*Clinical manifestations include pure motor hemiparesis, pure sensory stroke, ataxic hemiparesis and dysahria and a clumsy hand. Lacunar infarcts are small infarcts (2-20 mm in diameter) in the deep cerebral white matter, basal ganglia, or pons, presumed to result from the occlusion of a single small perforating aery s...
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Which muscle relaxant increases intracranial pressure ?
Succinylcholine increase ICT, IOT and intra-abdominal (intragastric pressure).
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Sexual intercourse by a human being with a lower animalis ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Bestiality Section 377 IPC defines unnatural sexual offences as sexual intercourse against the order of nature with any man, woman or animal and lays down punishment for the same. These offences are sodomy, buccal coitus, tribadism (lesbianism), and bestiality. Sodomy Sodomy is sexual intercourse thro...
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Which of the milestones develop first
*Mirror play is attained by 6 months *Crawling by 8 months *Creeps by 10 months and creeps well by 12 months *Immature pincer grasp by 10 months *Mature pincer grasp by 12 months Ref : OP GHAI - ESSENTIAL PEDIATRICS - 8 TH edition page no 4 and 52
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Capsule of Bacillus Anthracis is stained by -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Methylene blue * When blood films containing anthrax bacilli are stained with polychrome methylene blue for a few seconds and examined under microscope, an amorphous purplish material is noticed around bacilli. This represents the capsular material and is characteristic of the anthrax bacillus.
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Features of Acute Fulminant Hepatic failure include all of the following Except:
Answer is A (Hyperglycemia) : Fulminant hepatic failure is associated with hypoglycemia and not with hyperglycemia Hypoglycemia is a common complication of severe .fulmincmt hepatic failure. The pathophysiology of hypoglycemia is multifactorial including impaired hepatic glucose release, impaired hepatic gluconeogenesi...
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Salivary gland stone is most common in which salivary gland?
Ans is 'b' i.e., Submandibular gland * Eighty per cent of all salivary stones occur in the submandibular glands because their secretions are highly viscous.* Eighty per cent of submandibular stones are radio-opaque and can be identified on plain radiography
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What is the technique depicted below which has the tremendous role on very low bih weight infants?
Neonatal cold injury occurs in even late preterm infants in low-resource settings and can be prevented with skin-to-skin (kangaroo mother) care and polyethylene plastic wraps.Ref: Neldon; chapter 106; Page no: 892
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Which of the following is a local type III reaction?
The Ahus reaction is a type of local type III hypersensitivity reaction. Type III hypersensitivity reactions are immune complex-mediated and involve the deposition of antigen/antibody complexes mainly in the vascular walls, serosa (pleura, pericardium, synovium) and glomeruli. Type 1 HSR- Production of IgE- immediate r...
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Definition of perjury comes under ?
Sec 191 IPC : Definition of perjury. Sec 193 IPC : Punishment for perjury.
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Chemical used in vaginal sponge is
Vaginal sponge is a small polyurethane foam sponge saturated with spermicide, nonoxynol-9 It comes under barrier method of contraception Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, Page no: 495
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To suppress lactation in mother with rheumatic fever, Rx of choice is :
Bromocriptine
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Berkesonian bias is due to?
ANSWER: (C) Different rates of admission to hospital due to different diseasesREF: Park 20th edition page 68, 69, style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif">, 18. pdf, http://carcin.oxford jour nals. org/content/19/12/2063. full, pdfBias is any systematic error in the determination of t...
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Mallampati score is used in:
Mallampati score is used to predict difficult tracheal intubation based on the size of tongue base relative to the oropharyngeal space. Mallampati classification: Class I: soft palate, fauces,entireuvula, pillars Class II: soft palate, fauces,poionof uvula Class III: soft palate, base of uvula Class IV: hard palate onl...
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Denominator for calculating infant moality rate is: September 2005
Ans. C: 1000 live bihs IMR = Number of deaths of children less than 1 year of age in a year X 1000/number of live bihs in the same year IMR is universally regarded a s not only as a most impoant indicator of the health status of a community but also the level of living of people in general, and effectiveness of MCH ser...
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Lucid interval is seen in :
A i.e. Insanity
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Which of the following genes involved in the synthesis of immunoglobulins are linked on a single chromosome?
The genes for the synthesis of the entire heavy chain are present on human chromosome 14. Of the options given above, the only genes that are present on one chromosome are for the C (constant) regions of the heavy chains. Remember, the heavy chains determine the identity of the immunoglobulin isotypes: IgG, IgM, IgA, I...
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True about fallopian tubes are all except :
The two uterine tubes are each about 4 in. (10 cm) long and lie in the upper border of the broad ligament. Each connects the peritoneal cavity in the region of the ovary with the cavity of the uterus. The uterine tube is divided into four pas: The infundibulum is the funnel-shaped lateral end that projects beyond the b...
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Mechanism of action of theophylline in Bronchial asthma include all of the following Except ?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Beta-2 receptor stimulation Proposed mechanisms of action of theophylline Phosphodiesterase inhibition (Non selective) Adenosine receptor antagonism (A1, A2) Increased histone Deacetylase activity (|red efficacy of coicosteroids) Inhibition of intracellular calcium release Stimulation of catecholamine...
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The most common complication of modified ECT
Ans:D i.e. AmnesiaModified ECT-Both electricity and anesthetic agents and muscle relaxants are used to cause the convulsions. Methohexital is the most commonly used anesthetic.Common Complications:Memory disturbances-Retrograde amnesia(M/C)Headaches, muscle aches, fractures, tooth dislocationsProlonged seizures>180seco...
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If a diabetic patient being treated with an oral hypoglycemic agent develops dilutional Hyponatremia, which one of the following could be responsible for this effect
Refer KDT 6 /e p 267 Chlorpropamide is a first generation Sulfonylureas It increases the risk of hypoglycemia Other adverse effects of Chlorpropamide are ADH like action leading to dilutional Hyponatremia Cholestatic jaundice Disulfuram like reaction
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Pulsatile exopthalmus is seen in
Wyburn Mason syndrome/Cerebrofacial aeriovenous metameric syndrome (CAMS)is Retinocephalic vascular Malformation with po-wine stain, pulsatile exophthalmos, and seizures. Carotico Cavernous fistulas with basal skull fractures also show pulsatile exophthalmos with a prominent superior ophthalmic vein. MRI axial image sh...
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High risk of hypoplastic left heart syndrome occurs with maternal intake of
Nitrofurantoin poses high risk of hypoplastic left heart syndrome in fetus.
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Which of the following statements about platelet function defects is true? -
Answer is option 1, normal cell count with increased bleeding time A disorder of platelet function is suspected on the basis of the history and physical examination and is confirmed by the finding of a prolonged bleeding time in the presence of an adequate number of platelets. A specific diagnosis often requires measur...
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WHO recommend evaluation of child vaccination in age group?
.in case of mass immunisation programmes implemented by WHO ,including the immunisation programmes ,evaluation of the aaccessibility of such programmes to the populations is usually done among children of age 12 to 23 months. ref:park&;s textbook,22 nd ed,pg 189
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Sudden cardiac death may occur in all of the following except
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is defined as natural death due to cardiac causes in a person who may or may not have previously recognized hea disease but in whom the time and mode of death are unexpected. Ref Davidson edition23rd pg 436
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As per the revised norms for Anganwadi centers, how many centers are needed for a population of 1950 people in a rural area?
The required number of AWC's in rural/urban projects is given below 1 AWC's for 400 - 800 people 2 AWC's for 800 - 1600 people 3 AWC's for 1600 - 2400 people And then add 1 AWC's for every multiple of 800. In case of mini AWC the norm is 1 mini AWC for 150 - 400 population. Ref: Park, 21st Edition, Page 544.
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An 8-month-old girl with Turner syndrome is brought to the emergency room by her parents, who complain that their daughter is breathing rapidly and not eating. Physical examination reveals tachypnea, pallor, absent femoral pulses, and a murmur heard at the left axilla. There is hypertension in the upper extremities and...
Aortic coarctation is common, accounting for 6% of all cases of congenital heart disease. Coarctation usually occurs in the thoracic portion of the descending aorta, distal to the takeoff of the left subclavian artery at the site of the ductus arteriosus. The incidence of a bicuspid aortic valve in association with coa...
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Primordial Germ cell of ovary are developed from ?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Endoderm
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A leprosy person is presented with involvements of sural and radial nerve . Which type of regimen you will give:
Answer (b) Multibacillary treatment X 12 month It is a pure neuritic type of leprosy.It is a case of Multibacillary leprosy for therapeutic purpose (according to WHO classification, more than one nerve trunk involvement is termed as multibacillary for treatment purpose.many consider that pure neuritic leprosy belongs t...
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Which of the following is/are not the features of henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) –
HSP is characterized by tetrad of palpable purpura, arthritis, glomerulonephritis and abdominal pain. Less common skin lesions are : nonpalpable macules & patches, urticaria, bullous lesions, vesicles, splinter hemorrhage and ulcerations. Rarely epistaxis may occur.
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All are true for multiple myeloma except -
In multiple myeloma ,hypercalcaemia is due to destruction of bones; hyperuricaemia from necrosis of tumour mass & from uraemia related to renal failure . On serum electrophoresis ,the paraprotein usually appears as a single narrow homogeneous M-band component .Reference :Harsh mohan Textbook of pathology sixth edition ...
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Chorionic villous sampling done before 10 weeks may result in -
Ans. is 'c' ie Oromandibular limb defects " Chorionic villous sampling is usually performed at 10-13 weeks and is associated with several complications but studies suggests that limb reduction and oromandibular limb hypogenesis is more common if CVS is done before 9 weeks so CVS is done after 9 wks because it is more s...
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Mechanism of action of aminoglycosides is ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Inhibition of protein synthesis
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Long-term tamoxifen therapy may cause:
Long-term tamoxifen therapy is a predisposing factor for endometrial hyperplasia and cancers. Malignancies caused by Long-term tamoxifen therapy: Carcinoma endometrium-it is the most common carcinoma associated with it. Uterine sarcoma. Rarely liver cancer with a long-term high dose. Non-malignant effects of tamoxife...
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A 24yr old with married life of 4 years visits infeility clinic with his recurrent aboion On fuher workup she found to be having septate uterus which surgery has better reproductive outcome
ref : shaw gynecology
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Dysplasia is characterized by all except
Robbins basic pathology 9th edition page no 166 When dysplastic changes are marked and involve the entire thickness of the epithelium, the lesion is referred to as carcinoma in situ, a preinvasive stage of cancer.
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Child while playing has sudden loss of consciousness and appears pale. There is no significant medical history and the child was otherwise healthy. Which of the following is the most probable diagnosis?
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Breath holding spell [Ref.: Nelson 20th/e p. 175)* The clues in the question are that the child was otherwise healthy and that the event might have occurred due to frustration during playing. Although such episodes are precipitated by scolding or upsetting the child, no such history is mentioned in th...
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Malignant hydatidosis is caused by
.
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Hyperacute graft rejection occurs after how much time?
Ans. a. 12 hoursRef: Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease 9th Ed; Page No. 233Hyperacute Graft RejectionOccurs within minutes to hoursDue to preformed antibodies due to transfusions, multiparity, or previous organ transplants (type II cytotoxic hypersensitivity)Antibodies bind to the grafted tissue and activa...
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For pain control in a patient having history of G I bleeding, which of the following is given?
SELECTIVE COX-2 INHIBITORS- Rofecoxib,etoricoxib,celecoxib They cause little gastric mucosal damage; the occurrence of peptic ulcer and ulcer bleeds is clearly lower than with traditional NSAIDs. They do not depress TXA2 Production by platelets (COX-I dependent); do not inhibit platelet aggregation or prolong bleeding ...
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A 28-year-old man is evaluated for recurrent peptic ulcer disease, apparently refractory to pharmacologic intervention. Serum gastrin is markedly elevated. These findings are most characteristic of which of the following?
- Recurrent intractable peptic ulcer disease is suggestive of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome characterized by excess gastrin production, most often from a gastrinoma. - Cushing syndrome results from excess of coisol caused d/t adrenal/ pituitary adenoma. - Glucagonoma is rare neuroendocrine tumor of pancreatic alpha cells,...
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Which of the following full thickness flap is contraindicated for endodontic surgeries:
As collagen fibers and blood vessels run parallel to the root, In trapezoidal flap more number if collagen fibres and blood vessels are cut in turn it delays healing.
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A company executive, who travels world wide, presents with upper abdominal mass and + ye casoni's test. The organism is -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Echinococcus . Upper abdominal mass and positive casoni's test suggest the diagnosis of hydatid cyst caused by Echinococcus. . Casoni test is an immediate (type I) hypersensitivity reaction.
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Which of the follow ing is not a chest radiographic feature of left atrial enlargement?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Double left heart border Ref: Sutton 7th/ep. 280; 350]Sings of left atrial enlargementStraightening of left heart border (due to enlargement of left atrial appendage).Elevation of left main bronchus with widening (Splaying) of carina.Double density (atrial) sign.Posterior displacement of esophagus on ...
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Main source of energy in 1min is
Why body stores glucose as glycogen and not as glucose itself? Possible Reasons 1. Being insoluble it exes no osmotic pressure, and so does not disturb the intracellular fluid content and does not diffuse from its storage sites. 2. It has a higher energy level than a corresponding weight of glucose (though energy has t...
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H2S inhibits which complex of ETC
Ans. is `d' i.e., IV
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Nerve velocity is increased by:
Ans: A (Myelination) "Greater the diameter of a given nerve fibre, the greater is its speedfbecause a large fiber offers less resistance to local current"- A. K. jain 5th/l 47In myelinated fibres, the speed of conduction is approximately 6 times the fiber diameter The diameter of myelinated fibers range from 1-20 pm, t...
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Therapeutic index of drug is indicator of:
Ans. B. SafetyTherapeutic index is ratio of LD50 and ED50. LD50 is defined as lethal dose which kill 50 % animals who are given the dose. ED50 is defined as effective dose which is effective in 50 % of the population. It is also known as margin of safety.
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Mechanism of action of IUCD is A/E -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Anovulation IUCD does't affect ovulation. Mechanism of actions of IUDs 1) Most accepted Induce a foreign - body reaction that results in chronic inflammatory reaction --> cellular and biochemical changes in the endometrium and uterine fluids. These changes impair the bility of the gamete and thus redu...
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A patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has progressed to developing AIDS (clinical category C). Which of the following conditions is considered an AIDS-defining illness?
The current case definition of AIDS in a patient with HIV infection is done by symptoms and CD4+ T-lymphocyte cell count. Any category C symptoms (e.g., cervical cancer, mycobacterium avium infection, CMV, retinitis, Kaposi sarcoma, etc.) indicates frank AIDS as does a CD4+ T-cell count <200/mL regardless of symptoms. ...
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Which is NOT an oncogenic virus :
Ans. is 'b' i.e. Herpes Simplex * Viruses associated with cancersFamilyVirusHuman Cancer* Papova viridae* Human Papilloma VirusGenital tumourssq.cell caoropharyngeal ca* Herpes viridae* E B virusNasopharyngeal CaAfrican Burkin's Lymphoma B cell lymphoma* Hepadnaviridae* Hepatitis B virushepatocellular carcinoma* Retrov...
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Not a strategy for measles elimination -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Mop up: Vaccinate kids left with routine vaccination o WHO's measles elimination strategy comprises a three part vaccination strateev. i.e.i) Catch-upOne-time, nationwide vaccination campaign targeting usually all children aged 9 months to 14 years regardless of history of measles disease or vaccinati...
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A 65-year-old man dies after a protracted battle with meta- static colon carcinoma. At autopsy, the liver is filled with multiple nodules of cancer, many of which display central necrosis (umbilication). Which of the following best explains the pathogenesis of tumor umbilication in this patient?
Angiogenesis is a requirement for the continued growth of cancers, whether primary or metastatic. In the absence of new vessels to supply the nutrients and remove waste products, malignant tumors do not grow larger than 1 to 2 mm in diameter. In general, causes of tumor cell death in situ include (1) programmed cell de...
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A case of Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia belongs to high risk group if disease develops after:
High risk gestational trophoblastic disease. FIGO in 2000 devised a staging system for categorisation of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia into good prognostic (low risk) and bad prognostic (high risk) disease. Good prognosis (Low risk) Short duration (< 4 months) Serum β-hCG < 40,000 mIU/ml Metastasis limited to lu...
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A 9 month child was taken to pediatric OPD by his mother. Mother complained of the child having lethargy, convulsions, fine tremors, failure to thrive & areas of patchy hair loss on scalp. On investigation, serum ammonia and glutamine levels were increased. Microscopic examination reveals following findings in hair. Wh...
Microscopic analysis of the hair shaft showing breaks located at nodes in the hair (Trichorrhexis nodosa) and longitudinal breaks Based on above complains & investigations findings the child is suffering from Arginosuccinic aciduria. It is due to arginosuccinate lyase deficiency. It is characterised by symptoms of othe...
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Aspergillus is best described by which of the following statements?
Aspergillosis, caused by a number of species of Aspergillus, is characterized in direct smear by septate hyphae, dichotomously branched. A. flavus and A. fumigatus are often seen as saprophytes in the laboratory but also account for the major species isolated from patients with aspergillosis. Differentiation of species...
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Hanging cast is used for?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Humerus Cast/ Brace Used In Hanging cast & "Sugar tong" or Coaptation splintsCylinder castFracture shaft humerusFracture patellaMinnerva cast, Halo deviceCervical spineRisser's cast, Milwaukee braceBoston braceScoliosisPalvic harness, Von Rosen splint,Ilfeld or Craig splintCongenital (Developmental)Dy...
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Second common malignancy in Patients of Retinoblastoma is:
Osteosarcoma
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Which of the following circulating antibodies has the best sensitivity and sepcificity for the diagnosis of celiac disease -
IgA anti-endomysial antibodies are found in 90% coeliac patients. They are a very specific & sensitive marker for coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis. The anti-endomysial antibody test has been suggested to be 98% sensitive and 98% specific for clinical or subclinical coeliac disease Ref Davidson edition23rd p...
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Sterilization and disinfection of blood spills is done by:
ANSWER: (B) Sodium hypochloriteREF: Park 20th ed p. 118, Ananthnarayan 8th e p. 35Halogens (hypochlorides)Cheap, effective and act by release of free chlorine and effective against viruses.Chlorine-releasing agents are chemicals disinfectants which are effective against blood-borne viruses and are rapid in action.They ...
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"Sunray appearance" on x-rays is suggestive of :
Osteosarcoma - New bone is laid down along the blood vessels within the tumor growing centrifugally giving rise to a 'Sun -ray appearance' on x -ray. Chondrosarcoma- "Speckled" calcification on x-ray Ewings sarcoma - Second most common malignant. Classic x-ray appearance is the "onion skin"
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Healthy thinking includes all except:
B i.e. Constancy
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A HIV patient complains of visual disturbances. Fundal examination shows bilateral retinal exudates and perivascular haemorrhages. Which of the following viruses are most likely to be responsible for this retinitis -
CMV retinitis is the most common ocular infection in AIDS patient. CMV retinitis Presentation : Presents as a painless progressive loss of vision. Patients may also complain of 'blurred vision', Floaters and scintillations. Opthalmoscopic findings : (Bilateral) Characteristic retinal appearance ofperivascular haemo...
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All the following indicate reversible injury, except
The two main morphological features of reversible injury are cellular swelling and fatty change. Cellular swelling is the result of the failure of energy-dependent ion pumps leading to inability to maintain fluid and ion homeostasis. Microscopic examination reveals distended and pinched off segments of ER known as hydr...
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Calcareous degeneration occurs most commonly in which type of fibroids :
Ans. is b i.e. Subserous Ref. Dutta Gynae 4/e, p 256 Calcareous degeneration usually involves the subserous fibroids with small peduncle or myomas of postmenopausal women. It is usually preceded by fatty degeneration. There is precipitate of calcium carbonate or calcium phosphate within the tumour, when whole of the tu...
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Which of the suprahyoid muscle is supplied by both facial nerve and mandibular nerve -
Ans, is 'c' i.e., Digastric o Anterior belly of digastric is supplied by nerve to myelohyoid (a branch of mandibular nerve) and posterior belly is supplied by facial nerve. Suprahyoid musclesMuscle1. Digastric (DG)has two belliesOrigin(a) Anterior belly (DGA) from digastric fossa of mandible(b) Posterior belly (DGP) fr...
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A patient was given radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. After 6 months chemotherapy was staed. The patient presented with the features shown in Figure after sta of chemotherapy. It is likely due to which drug?
The history and the figure shows the characteristic 'Radiation recall syndrome'. It is caused by Doxorubicin (Anthracyclines).
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Which of the following produce both polar and peritrichous flagella.
Polar flagella : Vibrio, pseudomonas, legionella, spirilla, campylobacter, H. pylori, spirochetes. – V. parahemolytic produce both polar and peritrichous flagella.
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Delayed prolonged bleeding is caused by -
Ans. is `d' i.e., Direct injury to endothelial cellso Delayed prolonged leakage is caused either by the direct effect of injurious agent or by cytokine mediated endothelial retraction.
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In congestive hea failure patients
Diuretics are given orally in hypeension, given slow iv in CCF for rapid onset of action. Diuretics although donot treat the pathologic changes in HF they are used as main stay for symptomatic treatment to remove excess fluid.Switching to iv or infusion bypasses the GI tract and helps in over coming diuretic resistance...
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Gland homologous to prostate in females is?
Ans. B. Skene's glandIn female human anatomy, Skene's glands or the Skene glands known as the lesser vestibular glands, paraurethral glands, or homologous femaleprostate are glands located on the anterior wall of thevagina, around the lower end of the urethra.
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This type of psoriasis is commonly seen in children and may follow a streptococcal sore throat -
guttate or eruptive psoriasis: More commonly seen in children and young adults with a shower of small papules and plaques all over the trunk and limbs. Lesions occur as an abrupt eruption following upper respiratory tract infection or tonsillitis ,especially due to beta henolytic streptococci tiny rain drop like erythe...
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The neutral triangle is seen radiologically in-
Neutral triangle of the calcaneum Within the trabeculae of calcaneus lies the neutral triangle, an area directly below the distal edge of a posterior facet. The base of the triangle is the weakest, most vulnerable portion of the calcaneum. Axial impaction of the talus into the calcaneum results in a vertical fracture ...
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Tumor associated with polycythemia is :
Answer is C (Cerebellar haemangioblastoma) Tumors associated with polycythemia vera are : Hypernephroma * Cerebellar Haemangioblastoma Hepatoma * Uterine fibromyoma Adrenal adenoma * Meningioma Pheochromocytoma
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Heerfordt's disease is characterised by all of the following except:
Ans. Unilateral non-granulomatous panuveitis
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A 57-year-old man is staed on heparin therapy after being diagnosed with a small pulmonary embolism. The anticoagulant effect of this medication would be most appropriately assessed by which of the following laboratory values?
Heparin is often administered to individuals diagnosed with acute embolism or thrombosis by continuous IV infusion at a rate sufficient to raise the activated paial thromboplastin time (APTT) to 1.5-2 times the control value. In other words, the anticoagulant effect of heparin should be continually monitored to ensure ...
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A 24 year old male suffered a A with multiple abdominal injuries and femur fracture. He has lost 10% of his blood. The initial fluid of choice is
Answer- A. CrystalloidThis is grade I shock choice of fluid is crystalloid
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A neonate is brought with history of not having passed meconium on examination there is no anal opening but a dimple. Investigation of choice is:
Ans. Inveogram
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