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Best indicator for growth measurement is-
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Weight o Measurement of weight and rate of gain in weight are the best single parameters for assessing physical growth.
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zone which is absent when repair is done with MTA as compared to calcium hydroxide:
Zones formed with calcium hydroxide (CH) pulp therapy from below CH to normal pulp are: Zone of liquefactive necrosis Zone of coagulative necrosis Inflammatory response Hard tissue barrier with vascular inclusions. The necrosis with pure CH is due to its high PH. But dycal which is a hard setting CH formulation forms...
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Major bacterial enzyme responsible for putrefaction?
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Lecithinase Putrefaction Produced mainly by the action of bacterial enzymes (lecithinase -- Cl. welchii) Anaerobic organism (from bowels) Causing marked hemolysis and liquefaction in blood vessels and tissue spaces, thus producing following effects Color changes : greenish discoloration in right iliac...
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In a healthy adult scheduled for an elective operation, solid food shoulder be withheld for at least .......... hours before surgery
Nil by mouth and regular medications Patients are advised not to take solids within 6 hours and clear fluids (isotonic drinks and water) within 2 hours before anaesthesia to avoid the risk of acid aspiration syndrome. These restrictions are fuher reduced in infants, as keeping hydrated reduces discomfo and is known to ...
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Duodenal ulcer, true statement is -
Answer- A. Never MalignantDuodenal ulcer is more common in persons with blood group'O', i.e., containing no AB antigens with blood group'O" i'e"containing no AB antigens.Bleeding is more common in duodenal ulcer than in gastric ulcer.
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Recurrent laryngeal nerve supply all the intrinsic muscles of the larynx EXCEPT
C. i.e. (Cricothyroid) (260, 275 - Dhingra 4th)MUSCLES OF LARYNXINTRINSIC MUSCLES EXTRINSIC MUSCLES(a) Acting on vocal cords* Abductors - Posterior cricoarytenoids* Adductors - Lateral cricoarytenoid* Interarytenoid (Transverse arytenoids)* Thyro arytenoids (external part)* Tensors - Cricothyroid vocalis (Internal part...
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Which of the following is true regarding IUGR baby is
Usually head circumference is more than abdomen circumference in intrauterine growth retardation babies Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition
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Epidemiology of cholera in England was clasified by
An english epidemiologist John Snow studied the epidemiology of cholera in London from 1848 to 1854. Ref : Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 23rd edition
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The mechanism by which most fungi cause disease is:
Hypersensitivity Diseases  Humans are continually exposed to air-borne fungal spores and other fungal elements present in the environment. These spores can be antigenic stimulants and depending on individual's immunological status may induce a state of hypersensitivity by production of immunoglobulins or sensitized lym...
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Vascular invasion is a characteristic feature of
Mucormycosis occurs as a systemic infection following dissemination from a primary focus in the upper respiratory tract or nasal cavity. When the lung is the primary site of infection the fungi may invade the aeries to cause thrombosis and infraction. Ref: Textbook of Microbiology, Ananthanarayan and Paniker; 9th editi...
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A female patient with breast cancer presenting with altered sensorium. The following MRI suggests:
The epidemiology of limbic encephalitis mimics that of the underlying malignancy. Tumours which can result in limbic encephalitis include: small cell carcinoma of the lung (classic cause); testicular germ cell tumors; thymic tumours; breast cancer; ovarian carcinoma; haematologic malignancies; gastrointestinal malignan...
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Laundosine is a toxic metabolite of -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Atracurium Atracuriumo The unique feature of atracurium is inactivation in plasma by spontaneous nonenzymatic degradation (Hofmann elimination) in addition to that by alkaline ester hydrolysis.o Consequently its duration of action is not altered in patients with hepatic / renal insufficiency or hypody...
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Normal paogram include the following except :
Cervical dilatation in X - axis
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Antigenic variation seen in which of the following -
a unique feature of influenza virus ability to undergo antigenic variation REF:MICROBIOLOGY ANANTHA NARAYANAN NINTH EDITION PAGE.499
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A pregnant female infected with Rubella. Which of the following immunoglobulin is produced by in-utero infection?
IgM is the main immunoglobulin produced early in the primary immune response. IgM is present on the surface of viually all uncommitted B cells. It is the most efficient immunoglobulin in agglutination, complement fixation, and other antigen-antibody reactions and is impoant also in defense against bacteria and viruses....
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Causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy are-a) amyloidb) sarcoidosisc) Viral myopathyd) Alcohole) Storage disease
Acute viral myocarditis, alcohol abuse, pregnancy., thyroid disease, cocaine use, and chronic uncontrolled tachycardia cause dilated cardiomyopathy- Harrison 17th/l481 Restrictive Cardiomyopathies (RCMs) - Harrison 17th/1485-86 The hallmark ofthe restrictive cardiomyopathies (RCMs) is abnormal diastolic function ; the...
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Salmon patch is seen in –
Salman patch appearance of cornea is seen in Interstitial Keratitis. Salman patches on retina is seen in non-proliferative sickle cell retinopathy.
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Which of the following is not a cause of sudden increase pain in osteochondroma:
Ans. D. Degenerative changesDegenerative changes will lead to slowly increase in size of osteochondroma whereas other listed causes will result in sudden increase in the size of osteochondroma.
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Kiesselbach's plexus is plexus made up of?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Arteries * Kiesselbach's plexus is formed by anastomosis of four arteries:-# Anterior ethmoidal artery,# Septal branch of superior labial artery,# Septal branch of sphenopalatine artery and# Greater palatine artery.
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The depth of respiration is controlled by
Pneumotaxic center limits inspiration by inhibiting Apneustic center Ref: Ganong 25th ed/page 65
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A 40 years old male develops excessive hyperventilation. ABG reveals pH - 7.5, PCO224 mm Hg, PO2 88 mm of Hg. True statment is
Ans. is 'a' Respiratory alkalosis. This one is quite simple.pH is increased and pCO2 is decreased which indicates respiratory alkalosis
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Eye examination of a patient revealed lack of downward gaze and loss of convergence but has normal pupillary reactions to light. What is the MOST probable location of the lesion?
In this patient the lesion is most probably located at the level of inferior colliculus. Features of lesion at the level of inferior colliculus are normal pupillary reactions to light, lack of downward gaze and loss of convergence. It could be due to lesions of the pineal gland, multiple sclerosis, vascular diseases or...
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Bevelling of inner table of skull is found in
A i.e. Firearm entry wound When a bullet traverses the skull, the apeure in the bone differs in relation to the outer & inner tables; the defect is larger in the I direction in which the bullet travelsQ
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All are true for oxytocin EXCEPT: March 2013
Ans. B i.e. Secreted by anterior pituitaryOxytocin is secreted mainly by Supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus and is transpoed from hypothalamus to posterior pituitary. When suitable stimuli reach the posterior pituitary from hypothalamus, oxytocin is released into blood.
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A 45-year-old woman is seen by her primary care physician complaining of intermittent colicky pain in the right upper quadrant (RUQ), staing sholy after eating a meal, and lasting about 30 min. During these episodes, she feels bloated and nauseated. The patient also states that over the past 2 days, her stools have bec...
A- Gallstones in gallbladder B- Bile duct obstruction due to gall stones C- Premature activation and leakage of pancreatic enzymes This middle-aged woman has the typical symptoms of biliary colic, which is intermittent crampy abdominal pain in the epigastric region of the RUQ, sometimes radiating to the right shoulder....
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Drug of choice for Herpes simplex Endophthalmitis is –
Acyclovir is the drug of choice for HSV infection.
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NMDA antagonist used in Alzheimer's disease is:
Ans: A (Memantine) Ref: Goodman and Gilman's "Phannacologica! Basis of Therapeutics'' 12th eci p.622Explanation:Memantine* It is used either as an adjunct or an alternative to cholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease, and is also commonly used to treat other neurodegenerative dementias,Memantine is a noncompeti...
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An arteriole with a damaged endothelial cell layer will not:
Ans. D. Dilate in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or acetylcholineBoth adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and acetylcholine cause the release of NO from endothelial cells. The other choices involve mechanisms that function without endothelial cells.
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As type of tympanogram is seen in:
Ans: a (Otosclerosis) Ref: Dhingra, 3rd ed, p. 34 & 4thed, p. 26As type tympanogram indicates low compliance at or near ambient air pressure.Seen in fixation of ear ossiclesTypes of tympanogram:A -NormalAs - Otosclerosis, malleus fixationAd - Ossicular discontinuity, lax thin TM (High compliance)B - Flat / dome shaped ...
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Reversion of Neisseriagonorrhoeae from a fimbriated (fim 1) to a non-fimbriated (fim 2) state would result in which one of the following phenomena?
Bacteria may shift rapidly between the fimbriated (fim +) and the non-fimbriated (fim -) states. Fimbriae function as adhesions to specific surfaces and consequently play a major role in pathogenesis. Lack of fimbriae prevents colonization of the mucosal surface by the bacterium.
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Most common complication of both acute and chronic pancreatitis is
Complications of Acute pancreatitis Sterile and infected peripancreatic fluid collections Pancreatic necrosis and infected necrosis Pancreatic pseudocyst Pancreatic ascites Pancreaticopleural Fistulas Vascular complications Pancreaticocutaneous fistula Complications of chronic pancreatitis pseudocysts splenic vein thro...
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What is responsible for clearing & flushing food from the intestinal lumen in the interdigestive Period-
Ans. (b) Migrating motor complexes (MMC)(Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p.497)MMC aids in clearing the stomach and small intestine of luminal contents in preparation for the next meal
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All are risk factors of pre eclampsia except
Primiparous is at a higher risk than multiparous ladyH.mole due to abnormal trophoblastic proliferation and uterine distension is at higher risk. Infact h.mole is associated with early onset preeclampsia. Previous h/o preeclampsia also increases risk .
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In myopia there is
(A) Increased length of eyeball > Myopia ("nearsightedness" (AmE), "shortsightedness" (BrE)) is a refractive defect of the eye in which collimated light produces image focus in front of the retina under conditions of accommodation.> Axial myopia is attributed to an increase in the eye's axial length.
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True regarding TT dose(s) in Pregnancy for a Primigravida woman is:-
TT in pregnancy:- Primary level of prevention (specific protection) Primigravida - 2 doses (1 month apa) of TT- ASAP in pregnancy 2 dose - total duration protection - 5 years If next pregnancy occur in 3 years of previous pregnancy - only 1 booster dose required Both doses must be completed within 8 months POG.
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Ancylostoma enters the human body by -
Ancylostoma enters the human body by penetration of skin. ANCYCLOSTOMA DUODONALE (Hookworm): Host - Man. Infective form - 3rd stage filariform (L3) larva. Mode of transmission- penetration of skin by 3rd stage filariform (L3) larva (by walking bare foot in dampen soil). Habitat- small intestine.
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Narrowest part of esophagus is at?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Cricopharyngeal sphincter * The narrowest part of esophagus is its commencement at the cricopharyngeal sphincter.
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In methyl alcohol poisoning there is CNS depression, cardiac depression and optic nerve atrophy. These effects are produced due to:
Ans. (A) Formaldehyde and formic acid(Ref: Katzung 11/e p1024; KDT 8/e p422)Methyl alcohol (methanol) is metabolized to formaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase and then to formic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenase. These compounds are responsible for the toxicity. Formic acid can lead to coma and blindness also. Therefore, i...
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Selective Alpha 2a agonist is
Clonidine, Tizanidine are selective alpha 2 agonists. But dexmedetomidine is more selective acting on Alpha 2a receptors-cause sedation. Used as pre-anesthetic medication. Ref: H.L. Sharma 3rd ed Pg:179
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Management of Typical Febrile seizures include except
Sponging, paracetamol ibuprofen ,intermittent diazepam are treated for febrile seizures Most children with typical febrile seizures do not require specific treatment except for vigorous antipyretic therapy during febrile illnesses. Children experiencing excessively frequent or prolonged febrile seizures may be treated ...
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Mineral with antioxidant property:
Ans. b (Selenium). (Ref. Harper, Biochemistry, 25th ed., 659,766)SeleniumFeaturesConstituent of glutathione peroxidaseSynergistic anti-oxidant with vitamin EEssential trace elementSelenocysteine is an L--amino acid found in a handful of proteins. As its name implies, a selenium atom replaces the sulfur of its structura...
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Tall R wave in ECG represents:
Right ventricular hypertrophy due to a sustained, severe pressure load (e.g. due to right pulmonary valve stenosis or certain pulmonary artery hypertension syndromes) is characterized by a relatively tall R wave in lead V, (R >S wave), usually with right axis deviation.
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Best test for determining initial stage of renal insufficiency?
Serum creatinine REF: Harrison's Internal Medicine 17' edition chapter 274 The most impoant initial diagnostic step in the evaluation of a patient presenting with elevated serum creatinine is to distinguish newly diagnosed CKD from acute or subacute renal failure because the latter two conditions may respond to therapy...
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Muscle relaxant of choice in patient suffering from chronic liver disease
Atracurium is preferred in CLD patients since it is metabolised by Hoffmann elimination.
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The most comprehensive indicator of cost-effective analysis is
Cost-benefit analysis, in which benefits are compared to cost of the program. The benefits are expressed in monetary termsA cost-effective analysis is similar to cost-benefit analysis except benefits are expressed in terms of results achievedThe most commonly used outcome measure is quality-adjusted life years (QALY)Pa...
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True about surgical wounds are all except
Preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis does not significantly reduce the frequency of postoperative wound infection in clean elective general surgical operations.So the routine prophylactic use of antibiotics in clean general surgical operations is not recommended. Incision of abscess comes under diy wounds. Infection rat...
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An investigator into the life expectancy of IV drug abusers divides a sample of patients into HIV-positive and HIV-negative groups. What type of data does this division constitute?
Nominal data (also known as nominal scale) is a type of data that is used to label variables without providing any quantitative value. Given question is about HIV-positive and HIV-negative groups; since there is no order of characteristic and it cannot be measured directly. So,it can't be an ordinal data or metric data...
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Working formulation in staging of non-hodgkins lymphoma is based on: March 2010
Ans. A: Morphology of cells The 1982 Working formulation is a classification of non-hodgkin lymphoma. It excluded the Hodgkin lymphomas and divided the remaining lymphomas into four grades (Low, Intermediate, High, and Miscellaneous) related to prognosis, with some fuher subdivisions based on the size and shape of affe...
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Which condition is associated with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia?
(B) Female pseudohermaphroditism[?]Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) is the most common cause of female pseudohermaphroditism & virilization, & decreased cortisol synthesis owing to reduction or loss of 21-hydroxylase enzyme function is the most common biochemical cause of CAH.ABERRANT SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION DEVELOP...
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Which of these is not responsible for removal of free radicals?
Ans. (c) NADPH oxidase(Ref: R 9th/pg 48; 8th/pg 13,14)AntioxidantsEnzymesNon enzymes* Catalase- Present in peroxisomes Q decomposes H2 O2 Antioxidants- vitamins E, A and C glutathione in the cytosol.*. Superoxidase dismutases: O2- to H2 O2 *. Manganese-SOD, which is localized in mitochondria,*. Copper-zinc-SOD, which i...
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All are true about central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) except?
Ans. (a) Most commonly occurs due to thromboembolism; (c) Sudden painful loss of visionRef: Kanski 7/e, p. 559, 563* Presentation is with sudden and profound loss of vision, Painless, except in Giant cell arteritis* Atherosclerosis related thrombosis at the level of lamina cribrosa is by far the most common underlying ...
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Pseudomonas exotoxin inhibits protein synthesis by inhibiting ?
Ans. is 'b' i.e., EF-2 Exotoxin 'A' of P. aeruginosa inhibits protein synthesis through interference with adenosine diphosphate ribosylation of elongation factor - 2. Remember Bacterial toxins inhibiting protein synthesis : Exotoxin A of P aeruginosa Shiga toxin (Shigella) Diphtheria toxin Shiga like toxin or verocytot...
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Filigree burn occur in -
FILIGREE BURNS OR ARBORESCENT OR LICHTENBERG'S FLOWERS: occur due to lightning injury These are superficial thin irregular and touous markings on the skin resemble branches of a tree the fernlike pattern of erythema in the skin usually on shoulders and flanks may develop instantly or within a few minutes CAUSES: 1. Sta...
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Wave length of UV A2 rays is
Ultraviolet light * Ultraviolet light (UV) is made up of: # Vacuum UVC (10-200 nm) # UVC (200-280 nm) # UVB (280-320 nm) # UVA (320-400 nm) divided into UVAII (320-340 nm) and UVAI (340-400 nm). Ref:- Review of Dermatology by Alikhan; pg num:-13
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Which of the following is not a step in the ‘three step build up’ of direct filling gold?
A. Three step build-up for the restoration “Tie formation” This involves connecting two opposing point angles or starting points filled with gold with a transverse bar of gold. Such a “tie” forms the foundation for any restoration in direct gold. Of course, its resistance to displacement should be tested before proce...
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Helitrope rash is seen in:
Dermatomyositis
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Hypoglossal nerve is related to -
Hypoglossal nerve is a content of both digastric and carotid triangles.
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Not true about content composition of an Egg is:-
Egg composition: - 6g - Fat - 6g - Protein - 30 mg - Calcium - 1.5 mg - Iron - 70 Kcal - Energy - 250 mg - Cholesterol Also remember, egg is Richest sources of cholesterol. Height NPU (Net protein utilization) - 96, hence known as reference protein. Poor In carbohydrates & vit c.
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Obstruction to the flow of CSF at the aqueduct of sylvius will most likely lead to enlargement of:
. Both lateral and third ventricles
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Pulmonary veins develops from:
Development of pulmonary veinsAt 27-29 days' gestation, the primitive pulmonary vein appears as an endothelial out-pouching from either the posterior superior left atrial wall or from the central pa of the sinus venosus proximal to the primordial lung venous plexus.Connection between the primitive pulmonary vein and pu...
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Which of the following are alkylating agents:
ALKYLATI NG AGE NTS These compounds produce highly reactive carbonium ion intermediates which transfer alkyl groups to cellular macromolecules by forming covalent bonds. The position 7 of guanine residues in DNA is especially susceptible, but other molecular sites are also involved. Alkylation results in cross linking/...
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Average gain in length in first year is
Length at bih- 50cms At 3 months- 60cms At 6 months- 65cms At the end of 1st yr- 75cms Hence gain in length in first year is (75-50= 25cms) Ref: Ghai,9th edition, Table 2.1
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A 63-year-old woman presents with symptoms of palpitations and atrial flutter on the ECG. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism of this arrhythmia?
Atrial flutter is characterized by regular atrial activation with an atrial rate of > 240 beats/min. The ventricular response depends on the conduction of the AV node, usually there is 2:1 or 3:1 conduction. It is now known that the predominant mechanism for atrial flutter is right atrial macro reentry with circular ac...
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Autosomal recessive disease have incidence of 1/ 250000 in a population. What is the carrier state of population?
.incidence is calculated as the total number new cases in a given time period divided by population at risk during that period.multiplied by 1000.so here total no of carrier states is given by 1divided by 250000 multiplied by 1000,that is 1/250. ref:park&;s textbook,ed 22,pg no 58
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The laryngeal mask airway allows positive pressure ventilation with maximum pressure of:-
The LMA allows a positive pressure of 20 cm of H2O for ventilation .
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Elderly primi is above :
30 years
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Shoulder pain post laparoscopy is due to
Laparoscopy Needle used for pneumoperitoneum : Veress needle Most commonly used gas: CO2 Flow of gas : 1L/min Intra abdominal pressure : 12-15mmHg Trocar is inseed at or just below the umbilicus penetrating skin, superficial & deep fascia, fascia transversalis & parietal peritoneum Post-laparoscopy shoulder pain is due...
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A 20 year old primigravida is admitted with-term pregnancy and labour pains. At 4.00 AM she goes into active labor. Membrance rupture during p/v exmination showing clear liquor. A repeat p/v examination after 4 hours of good uretine contractions reveals cervical dilataion of 5 cm. What should be the next step in manage...
Reassess for occipitoposterior position and cephalopelvic dispropoion
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All of the following statements about mosquito are true except -
Man is the definitive host and mosquito is the intermediate host of Bancroftian and Brugian filariasis. Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 25th edition, Page No. 832
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First line of treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal woman?
Hormone replacement therapy is cornerstone in both prophylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis in menopausal women. Estrogen delays and protects against osteoporosis by 50% in all skeletal and not limited to trabecular bones of spine, wrist and upper hip. Rest of the drugs used in H for osteoporosis are natural estrogens...
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Medical etiquettes are between which of the following categories?
Medical etiquette deals with the conventional laws of couesy observed between members of the medical profession. A doctor should behave with his colleagues as he would have them behave with himself. Ethical behaviour is a self-imposed duty upon each doctor. A doctor should not criticise or denigrate the professional ab...
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Drugs used in GTCS is/are:
Carbamazepine, phenytoin are the first line drugs in GTCS. Valporate, phenobarbitone are the second choice of drugs. Alternative/add on drugs are Lamotrigine, Gabapentine, topiramate, methadone, levetiracetam. Ethosuximide is used in absent seizures. Propofol is a general anesthetic. Ref: K D Tripati 8th edition Table ...
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Which of the following is the best parameter for monitoring septic shock?
Definitions of sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock Sepsis category Sepsis-3 2001 Sepsis CMS Sep-1 Sepsis SOFA score> 2 + suspected infection 2 of 4 SIRS criteria + suspected infection 2 of 4 SIRS criteria + suspected infection Severe Sepsis Not applicable Sepsis + organ dysfunction, hypoperfusion or hypotension Sep...
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'Foification spectra' are feature of NOT RELATED-PATHOLOGY
.
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Strength of wound after 2 months is governed by-
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Collagen cross linking Wound strengtho At the end of first week, wound strength is approximately 10% that of normal skin,o Strength increases rapidly over the next 4 weeks.o At the end of third months, the strength reaches a plateau of about 70 to 80% of the normal skin, a condition that may persist f...
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Agent of first choice in an acute attack of Prinzmetal's angina is:
Answer is B (Nitrates) "Sublingual nitroglycerine is the drug of choice" -- CMDT Nitrates decrease aeriolar and venous tone, reduce preload and afterload, and reduce the oxygen demand of the hea. Nitrates may also improve myocardial blood flow by dilating collateral channels in the presence of increased vasomotor tone,...
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Which of the following is a cognizable offence
Refer the byte "Cognizable and Non cognizable offences".
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A 53-year-old woman with ovarian tumor presents with breathlessness and right-sided chest pain. The chest X-ray shows obliteration of the right costophrenic angle. Diagnosis?
Ans. A PleurisyRef. CMDT 2019 pg. 323Ovarian tumor (Fibroma and thecoma) can be associated with a right-sided pleural effusion (Meigs syndrome). The obliteration of CP angle on X-ray is another pointer for pleural involvement of this patient.
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All of the following statements about Philadelphia Chromosome in CML are true, except:
Answer is D (The Philadelphia chromosome with the oncogenic BCR-ABL gene is found on chromosome 9) The Philadelphia chromosome with the oncogenic BCR-ABL gene fusion is the truncated chromosome 22 (and not chromosome 9). The Philadelphia chromosome results from a reciprocal translocation between the ABL-1 oncogene on t...
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Post-styloid space of parapharyngeal space contains all, EXCEPT:
The parapharyngeal space is a potential space, shaped like an inveed pyramid spanning the skull base to the hyoid. The boundaries of the space are separated by the styloid process and its associated fascial attachments into the "prestyloid" and "poststyloid" compaments. The contents of the prestyloid space are the paro...
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Which of the following is used with local anesthetics to potentiate their action?
Adrenaline is a vasoconstrictor that prolongs duration of local anesthetics & prevents systemic toxicity. Sodium bicarbonate speeds the action of local anesthetics by increasing the unionized form.
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8 yrs. old child presents with lethargy multiple epiphyseal breaks, wormian bones with growth retardation and mental retardation Diagnosis is?
Ans. is 'b' Hypothyroidism (Ref. : O.RGhai, 6/e, p 482 (5/e, p447))Presence of mental retardation, growth retardation and wormian bones clinch the diagnosis in favour of hypothyroidism.In Hypothyroidism both mental retardation * and growth retardation * are present andthe skull X-ray shows large fontanelle, wide suture...
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All are complication of PEEP except :-
Positive end expiratory pressure decreases venous return and decreases cardiac output and hence blood pressure decreases and decreased perfusion so urine output can reduce. Pulmonary barotrauma is a frequentcomplicationofPEEPtherapy. Pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and interstitial emphysema may lead to rapid deterior...
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Rate limiting step in Gluconeogenesis is catalyzed by -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Fructose -1,6 phosphatase Rate limiting steps in various biochemical reactions taking place inside cells is of vital importance while formulating drugs to fight specific diseases affecting these reactions. So these rate-limiting steps are frequently asked in various entrance exams. Glycolysis - Phosph...
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A patient got his SBP reduced by 10mmHg when he stood up and he gained only 8mmHg. What was the gain?
Correction here is = –8mmHg Error persists even after correction = 10 – 8 = +2 Gain = Correction / Error           = –8 / +2           = –4
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Triage refers to?
Ans. is `b' i.e., Categorization of patients according to level of severity Triage consists of rapidly classifying the injured and the likelyhood of their survival with prompt medical intervention.
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Lipoprotein involved in transfer of cholesterol from tissues to Liver is?
ANSWER: (D) HDLREF: Lippincott's biochemistry 4th Ed page 236See previous question
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Which type of pulmonary TB is most likely to give sputum positive -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Cavitary "Sputum smears are usually positive in patients with laryngeal TB, endobronchial TB and cavitary pulmonary- TB"-- Kelley's"Patients with cavitary pulmonary TB have high bacterial load in their sputum " --Internet
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Drug given for metaclopramidr induced dystonic reaction is:
Acute muscle dystonia caused by antiemetic-antipsycotic drugs is promptly relieved by parentral promethazine or hydroxyzine.this is based on central anti cholinergic action of the drugs. Promethazine is an first generation anti histaminic which has maximum anticholinergic activity.(ref: KDT 6/ep157)
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Run-Amok is a feature of :
Ans. is 'c' ie Cannabis Run-amok: is a condition resulting from the continued use of cannabis or even its consumption for the first time.It is characterized by a frenzied desire to commit murders.A number of individuals are killed, the first ones being those against whom the assailant has some real or imaginary enmity,...
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Treatment of choice for uterine prolaspe in a 40-year- old married female with completed family?
Ans. C. Vaginal hysterectomy with pelvic floor repair. (Ref. Shaw Gynecology 15th/pg. 340; Novak's Gynecology 13th/pg. 290; Stenchever Gynecology 4,h/pg.580)UTERINE PROLAPSE# Woman < 20 yr old.unmarried=Sling Operation# Young Woman (20-40 yrs) of child bearing age = FothergilFs operation.# Woman > 40 yrs with completed...
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Ectopic rest of normal tissue is known as ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Choristoma o Normally arranged tissue at a different anatomical site (ectopic site) --> Choristoma. o Abnormally arranged tissue present at normal site -->Hamaoma
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A 13 years boy presented with swelling in the cheek with recurrent epistaxis. Most likely diagnosis is
(Angio fibroma) (230-Dhingra 4th)* Nasopharyngeal Fibroma (Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma)Clinical features* Almost exclusively in male age 10-20 years* Profuse and recurrent epistaxis *** Progressive nasal obstruction and denasal speech* Conductive hearing and serous otitis media* Mass in the masopharynx* Other ...
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Not a sign/symptom of aconite poisoning: JIPMER 12
Ans. Hypeension
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True about anal membrane
Before the urorectal septum has an oppounity to fuse with the cloacal membrane, the membrane ruptures, exposing the urogenital sinus and dorsal anorectal canal to the exterior. Later on, an ectodermal plug, the anal membrane, forms to create the lower third of the rectum. ref - Semantischolar.org ref - BDC vol2
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Which of the following is the predominant cell type in the intra-epithelial region of small intestinal mucosa?
T lymphocyte predominantly of cytotoxic phenotype (CD8+) constitute the predominant cell type in the intra epithelial region of the mucosa of intestine. The lamina propria consist of helper T cells (CD4+) and educated B cells. Ref: Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease, 6th Edition, Page 804
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A 6 year old boy has presented to you with progressive muscle weakness and difficulty in walking upstairs. He has difficulty in walking and has a waddling gait. On examinations Gower's sign is present and there is hypertrophy of calf muscles. His CPK is 10,000 IU. Which of the following is the most probable diagnosis?
Ans. A. Duchenne Muscular hypertrophyDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe type of muscular dystrophy. The symptom of muscle weakness usually begins around the age of four in boys and worsens quickly. Females with a single copy of the defective gene may show mild symptoms. The disorder is X-linked recessive. Ea...
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Contractile Dysfunction is the dominant feature of which of the following types of cardiomyopathies
Ref Harrison 19 th ed pg 1556 An enlarged left ventricle with decreased systolic function as mea- sured by left ventricular ejection fraction characterizes dilated car- diomyopathy ). Systolic failure is more marked than diastolic dysfunction. Although the syndrome of dilated cardiomyopathy has multiple etiologies, the...
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Banana shaped gametocytes in peripheral smear are seen in infection with:
Banana shaped or crescent shaped gametocytes are seen in P. Falciparum.
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HLA marker of bechet's syndrome ?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., HLA-B51
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