query stringlengths 1 1.57k | pos stringlengths 1 22.5k | idx int64 0 161k | task_name stringclasses 1
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A 35-yrs-old woman complains of attacks of breathlessness, cyanosis and flushing. Apart from occasional diarrhea she has no abdominal symptoms. Abdominal examination reveals an enlarged nodular liver. If laparotomy is done, we could expect to find: | History of breathlessness, cyanosis and flushing points towards carcinoid syndrome. Enlarged nodular liver means hepatic metastasis, which is essential to produce carcinoid syndrome.
Appendicular carcinoids are detected in I in ever) 200-300 appendicectomies. It is one of the commonest sites for carcinoid tumours.
Carc... | 154,000 | medmcqa_train |
A common source of Staphylococcus in the hospital is | Staphylococci are the primary parasites of human beings and animals, colonizing the skin, skin glands and mucous membranes. The most common source of infection in human patients and carriers, animals and inanimate objects being less important. Patients with superficial infections and respiratory infection disseminate l... | 154,001 | medmcqa_train |
The most common mechanism of drug resistance in staphylococci is | The most common mechanism of drug resistance in staphylococci is through production of beta lactamase or penicillinase, which inactivates penicillin by splitting the beta lactum ring. These are inducible enzymes which are plamid mediated. They can be transmitted by transduction or conjugation. Ref: Textbook of Microbio... | 154,002 | medmcqa_train |
Which bone pathology does patients with Maffucci syndrome and olliers disease present with? | Both cases present with multiple enchondromas | 154,003 | medmcqa_train |
Two groups are tested for anemia. Which test should be used ? | Ans. is `c' i.e., Chi-square test Observations in the given question are in the form of qualitative data (anemia present or not). Thus Chi-square test should be used. Chi square test Is used when the observation are in the form of propoions (for qualitative data) The outcome are in clear cut answers; yes or no. As in t... | 154,004 | medmcqa_train |
All are true about colon-rectal cancers except | Tumours of the left side of the colon usually present with a change in bowel habit or rectal bleeding, while proximal lesions typically present later, with iron deficiency anaemia or a mass.Iron deficiency anaemia in any man or non-menstruating woman should lead to a search for a source of bleeding from the GI tract.Em... | 154,005 | medmcqa_train |
Tooth whitening strip is: | Hydrogen peroxide used in dentistry as a whitening agent ranges in concentration between 5 and 35%.
Ref :Grossman’s endodontics,13th edition, pg no:504 | 154,006 | medmcqa_train |
A 65-year-old man with H/O 30 pack years of smoking presents with weight loss, cough with expectoration and hemoptysis for 40 days. Serum Na was found to be 124 mEq/L. Serum Ca -10 mg/dl. Chest X ray showed a hilar mass. Brush cytology and sputum was positive for tumor cells. What of the following subtypes of lung carc... | Hilar mass suggests either squamous cell or small cell carcinoma. Hyponatremia due to SIADH is more likely in ors of Small cell. Hypercalcemia and cavitation are more likely in ors of squamous cell carcinoma | 154,007 | medmcqa_train |
Arneth count is counting of: | Counting the number of neutrophils with different nuclear lobes and expressing the count as percentage of cells with different number of nuclear lobes is called Arneth count. Clinical significance: The Arneth count is useful in judging the rate of formation of neutrophils. Individuals who have a larger percentage of ne... | 154,008 | medmcqa_train |
Palindromic DNA implies- | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Sho stretches of DNA; 'b' i.e., Recognised by specific restriction endonuclease; c i.e., Complementary strands Palindromic DNA o A DNA sequence consists of two complementry strand coiled in a double helicle structure. o A sequence of duplex DNA that is same when two strands are read in opposite direct... | 154,009 | medmcqa_train |
"Citron bodies" and boat or leaf-shaped pleomorphic organism in an exudate is | Clostridium septicum: citron bodies, boat or leaf-shaped polymorphic bacilli. Motile by peritrichous flagella. Saccharolytic and produce abundant gas. Produce alpha, beta, delta and gamma toxin. Gas gangrene, Braxy or malignant edema is caused. Reference: Textbook of Microbiology; Anathanarayan and paniker's; 10th edit... | 154,010 | medmcqa_train |
During the early stages of the inflammatory response, histamine induced increased vascular permeability is most likely to occur in: | Acute inflammation causes fluid and cells to leak out of blood vessels into the interstitial tissue because of increased permeability of postcapillary venules. | 154,011 | medmcqa_train |
In retinal detachment – | In retinal detachment the fluid accumulate in subretinal space i.e., the space between neurosensory epithelium (sensory epithelium or neuroepithelium) and pigmented epithelium.
Retinoschisis Vs Retinal detachment
It has already been explained that in retinal detachment there is separation between neurosensory layer a... | 154,012 | medmcqa_train |
Specificity of a screening test is the ability of a test to detect | Specificity is defined as the ability of a test to identify correctly those who do not have the disease, that is &;true-negatives&;Sensitivity is defined as the ability of a test to identify correctly all those who have the disease, that is &;true-positive&; | 154,013 | medmcqa_train |
You see the newborn baby shown below for the first time in the nursery. You consult plastic and reconstructive surgery as well as the hospital's speech therapist. Understandably, the parents have many questions. Which of the following statements is appropriate anticipatory guidance for this family? | (d) Source: (Hay et al, pp 1047-1048. Kliegman et al, pp 1252-1253. McMillan et al, pp 469-472, 2661-2662. Rudolph et al, pp 705- 710.) The infant pictured has bilateral cleft lip and palate. The incidence in the general population is about 1:1000 live births, but occurs in about 4% of the siblings of affected infants.... | 154,014 | medmcqa_train |
Last organ to be dissected during autopsy in asphyxial death is | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Neck Detailed study of the neck organs is required during autopsy of asphyxia death.Cranial thoracic and abdominal organs are removed before dissecting the neck, so that, the body is drained of blood.Such draining provides a clean bloodless field for the study of neck organs and prevents any artifactua... | 154,015 | medmcqa_train |
Treatment of choice for sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis detected in Ist trimester of pregnancy: | Sta cat. I immediately Repeat May 10 | 154,016 | medmcqa_train |
Skirrow's medium is used for? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Campylobacter jejuni . Media used for cultivation of H. Pylori are : i) Skirrow's medium Butzler's medium iii) Compy BAP medium | 154,017 | medmcqa_train |
Glycerol is an- | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Osmotic diuretic o Glycerol is an orally active osmotic diuretic which may be used to reduce intraocular or intracranial tension. Intravenous glycerol can cause hemolysis. | 154,018 | medmcqa_train |
ANCA is associated with | • ANCA or antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies are formed against certain proteins in the cytoplasm of neutrophils. Out of the given options, Wegener’s granulomatosis is most strongly associated with ANCA. | 154,019 | medmcqa_train |
Pleural effusion in rheumatoid ahritis is typically associated with the following features except | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Glucose > 60 mg/dl Causes of low glucose pleural fluid Malignancy Rheumatoid ahritis Empyema Hemothorax Paragonimiasis Churg strauss syndrome Lupus pleuritis (occasionally) | 154,020 | medmcqa_train |
National Population Policy was first formed in 1976. Goals of National Population Policy are the following, EXCEPT: | The objective of National Population Policy (NPP) 2000 is to bring the total feility rate (TFR) to replacement level by 2010. All the other options are the goals to be achieved by NPP. Ref: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social medicine, 19th edition, Page 391. | 154,021 | medmcqa_train |
Prothrombin Time (PT) detects deficiency of all the following clotting factors EXCEPT | The time required for clotting to occur is called the prothrombin time (PT). Normal PT = 15-20 seconds. Prolonged PT suggests the possibility of deficiency of factors II (prothrombin), V, VII and X. Prothrombin level is low in vitamin K deficiency and various liver and biliary diseases. | 154,022 | medmcqa_train |
Neuropsychiatric complications of HIV include all except | Please read on HIV and its neuropsychiatric manifestations | 154,023 | medmcqa_train |
A child comes with steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome secondary to FSGS, not responsive .to methylprednisolone. What next should be given ? | Ans is 'b' i.e., Oral cyclosporine o The treatment options for steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome are: (i) Calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporine, Tacrolimus) (ii) IV or oral cyclophosphamide (iii) Levamisol (iv) Mycophenolate (v) Pulse coicosteroid o All above immunosuppressants are used along with coicosteriods (Pred... | 154,024 | medmcqa_train |
Resistance to drugs in tuberculosis develops by: March 2011, March 2013 | Ans. D: Mutation MDR-TB strains could arise as a consequence of sequential accumulation of mutations conferring resistance to single agents, or by a single step process such as acquisition of an MDR element. Resistance to common anti-TB drugs The most common mechanism of INH resistance is by mutation of the catalas-per... | 154,025 | medmcqa_train |
Guttman sign is seen in | Guttman sign is ipsilateral nasal stuffiness seen in stellate ganglion block. | 154,026 | medmcqa_train |
Mean Hb values are compared in two population groups. The best test is - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Unpaired T test Student t-testo Small samples do not follow normal distribution as large ones do. To overcome this problem T test was devised by W.S. Cassette whose pen name was 'student' and hence this test was called student't' test.Application of test :o It is applied to find the significance of di... | 154,027 | medmcqa_train |
All are components of Behaviour sciences except- | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Political Science | 154,028 | medmcqa_train |
an anxiuous mother brought her 4yr old daughter to the pediatrician .the girl was passing loose stools past 20days .this was often associated with pain abdomen .stool examination showed the following organism : | Pathogenesis G. lamblia inhabits in the duodenum and upper ileum Trophozoites are attached to the mucosa surface by sucker, reproduced by binary fission Histology shoening of microvilli, elongation of crypts, and damaging the brush border of the absorptive cells Mechanical blockage of the intestinal mucosa, competition... | 154,029 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not a landmark for facial nerve during parotid surgery? | The main methods of facial nerve trunk localisation can be divided into antegrade and retrograde. The former utilises anatomical landmarks to identify the nerve trunk after its exit from the stylomastoid foramen, which is then traced distally.Landmarks commonly used are:The inferior poion of the cailaginous canal. This... | 154,030 | medmcqa_train |
Inclusion bodies are found in all except: | Inclusion bodies are nuclear or cytoplasmic aggregates of stainable substances, usually proteins. They typically represent sites of viral multiplication in a bacterium or a eukaryotic cell and usually consist of viral capsid proteins.
It is the most characteristic histological feature in virus-infected cells. It is of ... | 154,031 | medmcqa_train |
All are associated with Wernicke, encephalopathy, EXCEPT: | Ans. is 'a' Cogwheel rigidity | 154,032 | medmcqa_train |
For pancreatic injury true is - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., HRCT is investigation of choice o Pancreas being a retroperitoneal structure, peritoneal lavage is not helpful in making the diagnosis of pancreatic injury.o CT scan is the best diagnostic procedure, apart from an exploratory' laprotomy.More about Pancreatic injuryo About two-thirds are due to penetra... | 154,033 | medmcqa_train |
Niacin deficiency causes | Deficiency of niacin: A deficiency of niacin causes pellagra, a disease involving the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and CNS. The symptoms of pellagra progress through the three Ds: dermatitis, diarrhoea, dementia--and, if untreated, death. Reference: Lippincott Textbook of Biochemistry pg no. 380 | 154,034 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not used to treat ADHD? | Dextromethorphan is a NMDA antagonist used as cough suppressant. | 154,035 | medmcqa_train |
Ocular symptom of Von Recklinghausen disease is | • NF-1 is the most common phakomatosis, affecting 1:4000 individuals, and presents in childhood.
• The gene locus is on 17q11. | 154,036 | medmcqa_train |
Mallampati score is done for assessing: | Ans. (b) Oral cavity of patient for intubation* Mallampati score, also known as Mallampati classification is used to assess the oral cavity of patient to predict the ease of intubation.* It is assessed by looking at the anatomy of the oral cavity; specifically, it is based on the visibility of the base of soft palate, ... | 154,037 | medmcqa_train |
radiation exposure occurs in all except ? | fluoroscopy uses sonographic waves which is a sound wave and doesnt have radiation effect. Fluoroscopy is also an imaging tool. Allows physicians to look at various body systems. Shows movement of body pas. Also shows instruments or dye a continuing stream of x-ray images. Approximately 25-30 images per second Used in ... | 154,038 | medmcqa_train |
Hypeension is not seen with : | Levodopa: ADVERSE EFFECTS- Most are dose-related, but are usually reversible. 1. Nausea and vomiting It occurs in almost every patient. Tolerance gradually develops and then the dose can be progressively increased. 2. Postural hypotension It occurs in about 1 I 3 of patients, but is mostly asymptomatic; some patients e... | 154,039 | medmcqa_train |
Spider leg appearance in Intra venous urography is seen in- | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Congenital polycystic kidney diseaseRadiological appearanceo Paint - brush appearanceo Soap - bubble nephrogramo "Swiss - cheese" nephrogramo Dense persistent nephrogramo Striated nephrogramMedullary sponge kidneyHydronephrosisAdult polycystic kidney diseaseAcute ureteric obstruction, hypotensionInfan... | 154,040 | medmcqa_train |
A community has a population of 10,000 and a birth rate of 36 per 1000. 5 maternal deaths were reported in the current year the MMR is – | You should keep in mind that MMR denotes maternal mortality ratio (not maternal mortality rate). | 154,041 | medmcqa_train |
TRUE statement about aspirin is: | Nicotinic acid can cause flushing due to release of PGs. Premedication with aspirin decreases this complication. Aspirin can cause hypehermia in overdose. It decreases the risk of developing colon cancer. | 154,042 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following are the causes of relative polycythemia except: | Answer is D (High altitude) High altitude is associated with physiological increase in erythropoetin levels and leads to absolute polycythemia and not relative polycythemia. Relative erythrocytosis due to reduction in plasma volume alone is also known as stress or spurious erythrocytosis or `Geisbock's syndrome' | 154,043 | medmcqa_train |
Investigation of choice in detecting small para-aoic lymph node is - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., CT scan | 154,044 | medmcqa_train |
Which organ is NOT affected by Plasmodium falciparum? | The trophozoites of Plasmodium falciparum disappears from peripheral circulation after about 24 hrs. By then a strain specific high molecular weight antigen appears on the surface of infected red cells, associated with knob like projections on the erythrocyte membrane. Such red cells disappear from peripheral circulati... | 154,045 | medmcqa_train |
Both HBsAg and HBeAg are positive in | Ref: Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25 th Ed Pgno : 235 SEROLOGICAL PATTERNS IN HEPATITIS B HBsAg Anti-HBs Anti-HBc HBeAg Anti-HBe Interpretation + - IgM + - Acute Hepatitis B + - IgG + - Chronic Hepatitis B+ replication - + IgG - + Recovery from Hepatitis B - + - - - Vaccinated individuals | 154,046 | medmcqa_train |
Hypercalcemia caused by - | hypercalcemia can be a manifestation of a serious illness.Although hyper parathyroidism , a frequent cause of asymptomatic hypercalcemia, is a chronic disorder in which manifestations may be expressed only after months or years.The cause of hypercalcemia is numerous,but hyper parathyroidism. Hypercalcemia from any caus... | 154,047 | medmcqa_train |
Esthiomine is seen in | Esthiomene is seen in LGV which refers to hyperophic enlargement with ulceration of the external genitalia LGV is caused by L1 L2 L3 strain of chlamydia trachomatous L2 is most common Esthiomene is a medical term referring to elephantiasis of the female genitals. In the past the term has also referred to elephantiasis ... | 154,048 | medmcqa_train |
A 6-year-old drowsy child came in emergency with history of vomiting, loose motion for 3 days. On examination he had sunken eyes, hypothermia, skin on pinching was taking 5 seconds to reve. What is your diagnosis? | In this case, sunken eyes and skin "goes back very slowly" (in 5 seconds) in a "lethargic" (drowsy) child, so it is a case of severe dehydration. | 154,049 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following statements about contrast in radiography is true: | A i.e. Ionic monomers have three iodine atoms per two paicles in solution Ionic contrast agents dissociate (ionize) in water in 2 ioins (or osmotic paicles) per molecule whereas nonionic agents do not ionize or dissociate. All monomers contain I benzene ring with 3 iodine atoms and dimers contains 2 benzene rings with ... | 154,050 | medmcqa_train |
The most common type of cerebral palsy is? | a. Spastic(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2896-2899; Ghai 8/e p 581-583)Most common type of cerebral palsy is spastic diplegia in 35% cases, followed by Hemiplegia in 25% casesSpastic quadriplegia is the most severe form of CP because of marked motor impairment of all extremities and the high association with intellectual disabi... | 154,051 | medmcqa_train |
BCR - ABL hybrid gene is present in | (CML) (215-HM) (315, 697-98-R) (464-Basic pathology 8,h)BCR-ABL hybrid gene - ABL gene is a non GF receptor proto-oncogene having tyrosine kinase activity. ABL gene from its normal location on chromosome 9 is translocated to chromosome 22. Where it fuses with BCR (breakpoint cluster region) gene and forms an ABL, BCR h... | 154,052 | medmcqa_train |
Pansystolic murmur at apex with soft first hea sound is the key sign of which one of the following ? | MR : The regurgitant jet causes an apical systolic murmer.Pansystolic murmer with thrill, soft S1 AR: Early diastolic murmer ASD: Systolic flow murmer over pulmonary valve, diastolic flow murmer over tricuspid valve, wide fixed splitting of S2. VSD: Pansystolic murmer usually heated best at the left eternal edge Ref: H... | 154,053 | medmcqa_train |
Most sensitive parameter in monitoring iodine deficiency control programme is: | Ans: D (Neonatal hypothyroidism) Ref: Park's Preventive and Social Medicine, 22nd edition. Pg 579Explanation:Iodine level in salt at consumption level 15 ppm.Iodine level in salt at production level 30 ppmIodine oil injection will provide protection for 4 years.Sensitive indicator for consumption of appropriate level o... | 154,054 | medmcqa_train |
Air on either side of the bowel wall on a radiograph is called: | The Rigler sign, also known as the double-wall sign, is a sign of pneumoperitoneum seen on an abdominal radiograph when gas is outlining both sides of the bowel wall, i.e. gas within the bowel's lumen and gas within the peritoneal cavity. It is seen with large amounts of pneumoperitoneum (>1000 mL). | 154,055 | medmcqa_train |
In intubation which drug is used instead of succinylcholine | Muscle relaxants are used in intubation, which are of two types: Depolarizing muscle relaxant, i.e., Succinylcholine Non-depolarizing muscle relaxant, eg., Rocuronium, vecuronuim, Atracurium, etc | 154,056 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is the location of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)? | The human MHC (human leukocyte antigen; HLA) consists of a linked set of genes encoding major glycoproteins involved in antigen presentation. The complex locates to the sho arm of chromosome 6 and divides into three separate regions: class I, class II, and class III genes. The class I "classic" region encodes HLA-A, HL... | 154,057 | medmcqa_train |
Recurrent interosseous aery is a branch of - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Posterior interosseous aeryInterosseous recurrent aery is a branch ofposterior interosseous aery. | 154,058 | medmcqa_train |
Drug used in heparin overdose - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Protamine sulfate The most common adverse effect of heparin is bleeding.Protamine sulfate is an antidote of heparin. Protamine is strongly basic low molecular weight protein.Protamine sulfate is rarely needed in heparin induced bleeding because the action of heparin disappears by itself in few hours.T... | 154,059 | medmcqa_train |
Ergot alkaloids are used in all except - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Hypertension Uses of ergot alkaloids1. Migraineo In migraine, throbbing headache is due to dilatation of pain sensitive arteries outside the brain, i.e. extracerebral vessels.o Ergot alkaloids are vasoconstrictor (due to a agonistic action) and oppose these effects,o Ergot alkaloids used in migraine -... | 154,060 | medmcqa_train |
HLA B27 is positive in | Ref Robbins 8/e p193; Harrison 17/e p2051 ;9/e p215 The HLA complex, which is located on the sho arm of human chromosome 6, contains sequences encoding about 100 genes, most involved in the regulation of the immune response. HLA genes are classically grouped into three major classes. | 154,061 | medmcqa_train |
In RMNCH+A Startegy, what is plus - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Adolescent health o The RMNCH+A strategy is based on provision of comprehensive care through the five pillars, or thematic areas, of reproductive, maternal, neonatal, child, and adolescent health, and is guided by central tenets of equity, universal care, entitlement, and accountability. The "plus" wi... | 154,062 | medmcqa_train |
What is deposited in Kyser-FIeischer ring - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., CopperKayser-FLeischer (KF) ring - Copper deposition in Chalcosis or Wilson's diseaseFleischer ring - Deposition of iron and is a sign of keratoconus | 154,063 | medmcqa_train |
Psammoma body found in - | Ans is 'a' i.e. Papillary Ca Psammoma bodies found in: Ref. Papillary Ca of thyroid 8/e p1122 (7/e p1178) Serous cystadenoma of ovary 8/e 1044 (7/e p1096) Meningioma 8/e p1338 (7/e p1409) Papillary type of Renal cell carcinoma 8/e p966 (7/e p1018) Pitutary adenoma (Prolactinoma) 8/e p1103 (7e p1160) Appendiceal carcino... | 154,064 | medmcqa_train |
In this poisoning, the vomitus is: | GIT symptoms with boric acid can mimics acute gastroentritis. Nausea, vomiting (bluish green), haematemesis, diarrhoea (bluish green) | 154,065 | medmcqa_train |
High or low fistula is ano is termed according to its internal opening present with reference to | The anorectal ring marks the junction between the rectum and the anal canal. It is formed by the joining of the puborectalis muscle. the deep external sphincter, conjoined longitudinal muscle and the highest pa of the internal sphincter. The anorectal ring can be clearly felt digitally, especially on its posterior and ... | 154,066 | medmcqa_train |
Wobble hypothesis -regarding the variation true is: | B i.e., 5-end of anticodon | 154,067 | medmcqa_train |
isolated conjugated hyperbilirubinemia is seen in the following conditions except- | Gilbe's syndrome is by far the most common inherited disorder of bilirubin metabolism . It is an autosomal recessive trait when caused by a mutation in the promoter region of the gene for UDP-glucuronyl transferase enzyme (UGT1A1), which leads to reduced enzyme expression. It can be inherited in a dominant fashion when... | 154,068 | medmcqa_train |
True about inverted papilloma is - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., It is also known as Schnedrian papilloma "Inverted papilloma of nose" -o It is also called Schneiderian papilloma, squamous papilloma or papillomatosiso It is a polypoid mass occuring on the lateral nasal wall typically in middle aged men.o The name is derived from its histologic appearance of on inve... | 154,069 | medmcqa_train |
Treatment of rectal prolapse in childhood is - | • Prolapse during childhood is best managed conservatively, the only exception is persistence of prolapse despite effective treatment of diarrhea, worm infestation and malabsorption. These cases are managed by surgery. | 154,070 | medmcqa_train |
The most common and the most poorly tolerated heart disease during pregnancy is: | Ans. c (Aortic stenosis). (Ref. Dutta, Obstetrics, 6th ed., p 281)# Aortic stenosis has maternal mortality of 15-20% and Perinatal loss of 30%.HEART DISEASE IN PREGNANCY# The risk of fetal congenital malformations is increased by 3-10% if either parents have congenital lesions.# In mother with ASD, risk of having conco... | 154,071 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is true of small bowel carcinoids | Ans. is 'none' Lets see each option one by one Most common site: Most common site for small bowel carcinoids is ileum. About 70-87% are present within the ileum and 40-70% are within 2 ft of the ileocecal valve. Among all carcinoids most common site is GI tract 2nd most common site is respiratory tract Endocardial fibr... | 154,072 | medmcqa_train |
The obstruction of two or more major hepatic veins is seen in | Budd-Chiari syndrome It is caused by obstruction of hepatic venous outflow producing intense congestion of the liver Etiology Polycythemia rubra Vera is the most common etiology In the West, thrombosis of the major hepatic veins is more common In BCS all three major hepatic veins usually are occluded Small hepatic vein... | 154,073 | medmcqa_train |
A man presents with chest pain. ECG shows ST-segment depression in leads V1-V4. Which of the following should not be given? | Thrombolytics like streptokinase, alteplase, reteplase are beneficial to patients with ST-elevated MI Max. benefit will be seen if they were given with 6 hours of the onset of MI Their use in ST depressed MI is contraindicated | 154,074 | medmcqa_train |
The antihypeensive agent that should be avoided in young females and is used topically to treat alopecia is: | Minoxidil is a powerful vasodilator Active metabolite of minoxidil is an opener of ATP sensitive K channels; causes vasodilatation by hyperpolarizing smooth muscle. Minoxidil is avoided in young females because it causes Hirsutism. Drugs causing Hirsutism: Phenytoin Cyclosporine Minoxidil USE OF MINOXIDIL IN ALOPECIA -... | 154,075 | medmcqa_train |
Shoest acting non depolarizing muscle relaxant is | Suxamethonium (succinylcholine) is the shoest acting skeletal muscle relaxantMivacurium is the shoest acting nondepolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant.(Refer: stoelting's pharmacology and physiology in anaesthetic practice, 5th edition, pg no.139) | 154,076 | medmcqa_train |
Active immunity is not acquired by:(1994) | Ans: c (Immunoglobulin transfer)Ref: Ananthanarayan Micro, 7lhed, p. 76 & 6th ed, p. 73 | 154,077 | medmcqa_train |
An HIV patient complains of visual disturbances. Fundal examination shows bilateral retinal exudates and perivascular haemorrhages. Which of the following viruses are most likely to be responsible for this retinitis- | This is a typical feature of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis. Pizza pie appearance of fundus in CMV retinitis.(In HIV +ve patient, if CD4+ count is <50 cells/ microlitre) Herpes simplex- type 1 : conjuctivitis and corneal ulceration. Varicella zoster-corneal ulcer and zoster opthalmicus. EBV- not associated with retini... | 154,078 | medmcqa_train |
Fogo selvagem is a type of: | Endemic pemphigus foliaceus common in rural pas of South America, paicularly ceain states of Brazil is known as fogo selvagem (wild fire) caused by bite of black fly. Ref: Rook's textbook of dermatology, 8th edition, Pg 40.13 | 154,079 | medmcqa_train |
All are aromatic amino acids EXCEPT: | (Lysine): Ref 49, U.S. (75- R.S. 7th)* Aromatic amino acids: Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan (with indole ring) are aromatic amino acids, Basides these histidine may also be considered this category.* Hydroxyl group containing amino acids: - Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine* Amino acids with aliphatic side chains: - ... | 154,080 | medmcqa_train |
The peak of fast EPSP or, fast IPSP is seen at what time after stimulus application: | Fast EPSP and fast IPSP begins 0.5 ms after the stimulus (known as latency). They peak 1-1.5 ms after the stimulus then decreases exponentially. Fast EPSP is due to influx of Na+ and or Ca++ in post synaptic neuron. Fast IPSP is due to influx of Cl- in post synaptic neuron. | 154,081 | medmcqa_train |
Popcorn cells are seen in: | Hodgkin lymphoma is currently classified in the following manner:
Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma.
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (comprising five histopathologic subtypes):
Lymphocyte rich
Nodular sclerosis
Mixed cellularity
Lymphocyte depletion
Unclassifiable
These names describe the most prominent hi... | 154,082 | medmcqa_train |
Micro RNA is - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Gene Silencing RNA o There is a class of genes that encode for gene-silencing RNAs, i.e. RNAs that do not encode proteins but instead inhibit gene expression (unlike mRNAs) which encode for proteinso Two important gene-silencing RNAs are :- (i) Micro RNAs, and (ii) small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). i) ... | 154,083 | medmcqa_train |
Concurrent list does not encompass: | The regulation and development of medical profession is not included in the concurrent list and instead is placed in the Union list and is controlled by the union health ministry. Ref: Park Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 19th Edition, Page 730 | 154,084 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following in halational agent sensitizes myocardium to catecholamine - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Halothaneo Some inhalational agent sensitize the heart to adrenaline -->>Arrhythmias can occur Therefore these agents are contraindicated in Pheochromocytoma and along with adrenaline.o Halothane has maximum propensity .o Other agents sensitizing the heart to adrenaline are Trilene, Cyclopropane, Chlo... | 154,085 | medmcqa_train |
First response to decreased blood volume | Baroreceptor reflex is an immediate compensatory mechanism in shock. There is stimulation of aerial baroreceptors and so sympathetic output is increased leading to vasoconstriction and reflex tachycardia. Ref: Textbook of medical physiology by N Geetha, 2nd edition, page no. 184 | 154,086 | medmcqa_train |
All are glands of eyelids EXCEPT: | Ans. (b) Lacrimal glandRef: A.K. Khurana 6th ed. / 386GLANDS OF EYELIDS* Meibomian glands: Also known as tarsal glands present in the stroma of tarsal plate and are arranged vertically.# They are modified sebaceous glands. Their ducts open at the lid margin. Their secretion constitutes the oily layer of tear film.* Gla... | 154,087 | medmcqa_train |
Crowding phenomenon is seen in: | Crowding Phenomenon - patient is able to identify a Snellen chant character with the amblyopic eye when The character is presented in isolation. Crowding phenomenon seen in Amblyopia. Amblyopia - loss of vision in a child (<8yr) Lazy eye syndrome M/c/c of amblyopia = squint Best treatment of Amblyopia - occlusion of go... | 154,088 | medmcqa_train |
All true about cephalosporins EXCEPT: | This 2nd generation cephalosporin was developed subsequent to the first generation compounds and are more active against gram-negative organisms, anaerobes, but none inhibits P. aeruginosa ESSENTISLS OF MEDICAL PHARMACOLOGY | 154,089 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is false about tympanic membrane: | (c) Healed perforation has 3 layers(Ref. Scott Brown, 8th ed., Vol 2; 529)The TM membrane which heals by itself does not have the fibrous layer. It has 2 layers only, the outer epithelial and the inner endothelial.Rest are true | 154,090 | medmcqa_train |
Not true of Gall stones | Ans. (d) Ileal resection has no effect on gall stone formationRef: Sabiston 20th edition Page 1492 Gall stones:* Cholesterol stones are common in Ileal resection and in cases of Crohn's disease due to decreased Entero hepatic circulation and decreased Bile salts. | 154,091 | medmcqa_train |
All of them are true about the 4th nerve EXCEPT | The trochlear nerve has several features that make it unique from the other cranial nerves: Thinnest cranial nerve. Is the only nerve to exit from the dorsal surface of the brain. Is the only nerve in which all the lower motor neuron fibers decussate. Has the longest intracranial course. Has the smallest number of axon... | 154,092 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following liners when exposed to oral fluids result in diminishment of their antimicrobial effectiveness? | MTA and calcium hydroxide undergo a transformation of hydroxide to calcium carbonate from exposure to carbon dioxide in the blood and oral fluids, causing their antimicrobial effectiveness to diminish. | 154,093 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is the largest protein in the body that connects M line to Z line during active muscle contraction? | Ans. C. Titin. (Ref. Guyton & Hall's Textbook of Medical Physiology 11th/pg. 463)SarcomereThe portion of the myofibril (or of the whole muscle fiber) that lies between two successive Z discs is called a sarcomere. When the muscle fiber is contracted, the length of the sarcomere is about 2 micrometers. At this length, t... | 154,094 | medmcqa_train |
A 35-year old lady presented with dysphagia>> nocturnal asthma and weight loss for 6 years. The most probable diagnosis is - | <P>Davidson&;s principles and practice of medicine 22nd edition #Achalasia cardia is presented with dysphagia ,episodic chest pain due to oesophageal spasm,nocturnal pulmonary aspiration, weight loss.</p> | 154,095 | medmcqa_train |
Radical neck dissection involves all except | Vagus nerve is not removed in Radical Neck Dissection. Structures removed in Radical Neck Dissection: Level I-V Lymph nodes, Sternocleidomastoid, Internal Jugular Vein, Spinal Accessory Nerve, Submandibular salivary gland, Tail of parotid and Omohyoid muscle. Ref: Textbook of ENT, Dhingra; 6th edition; Pg no: 388 ref i... | 154,096 | medmcqa_train |
Which type of amyloidosis is caused by mutation of the transthyretin protein? | Familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) is phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous and is caused by mutations in the genes for transthyretin (TTR), apolipoprotein A1, or gelsolin. The majority of patients with FAP have mutations in the TTR gene. Amyloid deposition may be evident in abdominal fat pad, rectal, or nerv... | 154,097 | medmcqa_train |
Most common cause of precipitation of renal failure in multiple myeloma is | (C) Hypercalcaemia # Renal failure is seen in 25% patients and hypercalcaemia is the most common cause of renal failure.> Quite often renal failure develops rapidly even at an unchanged ratio of production and serum concentration of light chains. Various factors can favour renal cast formation in myeloma patients. Dehy... | 154,098 | medmcqa_train |
Use of dexemditomidine ? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Sedative agent for intubated patients Dexmeditomidine It is a centrally acting a-2 adrenergic agonist It is approved by F.D.A. for sho term (<24 hours) continuous IV sedation of adults who are tracheally intubated. Its use as an anaesthetic agent is not recommended but it is useful in patients with br... | 154,099 | medmcqa_train |
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