query stringlengths 1 1.57k | pos stringlengths 1 22.5k | idx int64 0 161k | task_name stringclasses 1
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All are pas of vulva except | The vulva includes the mons pubis, labia majora (outer lips), labia minora (inner lips), clitoris, and the external openings of the urethra and vagina. ref - BDC 6e vol2 pg 358 , pubmed.com | 157,200 | medmcqa_train |
A 41 year female patient is taking steroids from long duration. Now she presents with onset of severe pain in the hip. Which imaging investigation can be used to diagnose this condition? | Patient on long term steroids that presents with pain must be suffering from AVN( avascular necrosis). IOC to look for AVN is MRI. | 157,201 | medmcqa_train |
b-adrenergic receptor antagonists such as propranolol is used in the treatment of which of the following? | Ans. D. All of the aboveIndications for b-adrenergic receptor antagonists are lithium tremor, major depressive disorders, substance use disorders, performance anxiety, and neuroleptic-induced akathisia. The five b-adrenergic receptor antagonists most frequently studied for psychiatric applications are propranolol, meto... | 157,202 | medmcqa_train |
Splenectomy can be performed after immunization against which of the following organisms: | Ans. D. All of the aboveSplenectomy is usually performed after 6 years of age following immunizations against H influenza type b, streptococcal pneumonia and Neisseria meningitides. Post splenectomy patients receive penicillin prophylaxis to prevent sepsis usually up to adulthood. | 157,203 | medmcqa_train |
An elderly male presents with pain in his shoulders and hips. Temporal arteries are tender to palpation. ESR is 105 mm/L. | The large vessel vasculitides include temporal (giant cell) arteritis and Takayasu arteritis. Temporal arteritis typically occurs in older patients and is accompanied by aching in the shoulders and hips, jaw claudication, and a markedly elevated ESR. Takayasu arteritis, a granulomatous inflammation of the aorta and its... | 157,204 | medmcqa_train |
A butcher, who is fond of eating raw hamburger, develops chorioretinitis; a Sabin-Feldman dye test is positive. This patient is most likely infected with | Toxoplasmosis, for example, is generally a mild, self-limiting disease; however, severe fetal disease is possible if pregnant women ingest Toxoplasma oocysts. Consumption of uncooked meat may result in either an acute toxoplasmosis or a chronic toxoplasmosis that is associated with serious eye disease. Most adults have... | 157,205 | medmcqa_train |
Cyclo propagative means: | Ref: Park 'Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine', 22nd edition.Explanation:Biological transmission PropagativeOnly multiplication, eg - plague bacilli in flea, dengue virus in mosquitoCyclo developmentalOnly development eg- filariai parasite in mosquitoCylco propagativeMultiplication and development eg. malarial ... | 157,206 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following have non-scarring alopcia, EXCEPT: | Lichen planus - Lichen Planus is a muco-cutaneous disease of immunological origin. It leads to a characteristic pruritic, papular, violaceous eruption of polygonal shape and is often covered with fine scales. Lichen planus most commonly leads to thick patchy rough, scaly skin that develops on the flexor surfaces of the... | 157,207 | medmcqa_train |
In IV hyperalimentation, we give -a) Hypertonic salineb) Fatsc) Amino acidsd) Dextrosee) LMW dextran | Parenteral alimentation involves the continuous infusion of a hyperosmolar solution containing carbohydrates (Dextrose), proteins, fat and other necessary nutrients (eg. Vitamins, trace minerals). | 157,208 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not a derivative of the middle ear cleft ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Semicircular canal The middle - ear cleft in the temporal bone includes :? Eustachian tube The middle ear (tympanic cavity) Aditus which leads posteriorly to the mastoid antrum and air cells. | 157,209 | medmcqa_train |
Sinus bradycardia with MI T/T- | Sinus bradycardia is a common arrhythmia in patients with inferior or posterior acute myocardial infarctions (AMIs). The highest incidence, 40%, is observed in the first 1-2 hours after AMI. Use of atropine in patients with acute myocardial infarction and sinus bradycardia. Atropine is the drug of choice for management... | 157,210 | medmcqa_train |
All are helpful for the diagnosis of CSF rhinorrhea except: | Following trauma of the midface, CSF may emanate from a dural tear, resulting in rhinorrhea, otorrhea, or both.
The disruption usually occurs lateral to the cribriform plate but may also result from disruption of the sphenoidal, ethmoidal, and frontal sinuses producing a dural tear and communication with... | 157,211 | medmcqa_train |
Hemorrhage leads to: September 2005 | Ans. C: Hypovolemic shock Hypovolemic shock refers to a medical or surgical condition in which rapid fluid loss results in multiple organ failure due to inadequate circulating volume and subsequent inadequate perfusion. Most often, hypovolemic shock is secondary to rapid blood loss. Acute external blood loss secondary ... | 157,212 | medmcqa_train |
Renin is synthesized as a large preprohormone: Renin is secreted by which among the following? | Ans. D. Juxtaglomerular apparatusActive renin:In the juxtaglomerular apparatus and is formed in the secretory granules of the granular cells. Only known function of its is to cleave the decapeptide angiotensin I from the amino terminal end of angiotensinogen i.e. renin substrate. | 157,213 | medmcqa_train |
Define perinatal period? | Perinatal period: The interval between the bih of an infant born after 20 weeks' gestation and the 28 completed days after that bih. When perinatal rates are based on bihweight, rather than gestational age, it is recommended that the perinatal period is defined as commencing at 500 g.Ref: William&;s Obstetrics; 24th ed... | 157,214 | medmcqa_train |
Skin is not involved in - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Acute intermittent porphyriaType of PorphyriaNeuropsychiatric symptomsSkin symptoms/PhototoxicityA. Hepatic porphyrias1) Acute intermittent porphyria2) 5-ALA dehydratase deficiency3) Hereditary coproporphyria4) Variegate porphyria5) Porphyria cutanea tarda++++---+++B. Erythropoietic porphyrias1) Eryth... | 157,215 | medmcqa_train |
MEDNIK syndrome - which of the following is true | A rare multisystem disorder of copper metabolism with features of both Menke's and Wilson's diseases has been repoed. It is termed the MEDNIK (mental retardation, enteropathy, deafness, neuropathy, ichthyosis, keratodermia) syndrome and is caused by mutations in the AP1S1 gene, which encodes an adaptor protein necessar... | 157,216 | medmcqa_train |
Nerve tested in pupillary reflex is | Afferent - 2nd nerve.
Efferent - 3rd nerve. | 157,217 | medmcqa_train |
Rivastigmine and Donepezil are drugs used predominantly in the management of - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Dementia o Rivastigmine, Donepezil, Galantamine and tacrine all are central cholinesterase inhibitors and are used in senile dementia of Alzheimer's desease. | 157,218 | medmcqa_train |
Sphincter of Oddi consists of | The sphincter of Oddi is a muscular valve that controls the flow of digestive juices through the ampulla of vater into the second pa of the duodenum. It is named after ruggero oddi. Ref - BDC 6e vol2 pg259 , britannica.com | 157,219 | medmcqa_train |
Rabies is identified by - | Few Important Bodies in Microbiology
Bollinger bodies — Fowlpox
Brassy body — Dark shrunken blood corpuscle found in malaria
Call exner bodies — Granulosa theca cell tumour
Chromatid bodies — Entamoeba histolytica precyst
Citron bodies — cl. Septicum
Cigar bodies — Sporotrichosis
Councilman bodies — Yellow feve... | 157,220 | medmcqa_train |
A 24-year-old woman presents with abdominal pain, joint discomfort, and lower limb rash. She was well until 1 week before presentation. On examination, she has a palpable purpuric rash on her legs, nonspecific abdominal discomfort, and no active joints. She has 3+ proteinuria, normal WBC, no eosinophils, and elevated c... | Henoch-Schonlein purpura, characterized by palpable purpura, arthralgias, GI symptoms, and glomerulonephritis, can be seen in any age-group but is most common in children. It can resolve and recur several times over a period of weeks or months and can resolve spontaneously. | 157,221 | medmcqa_train |
In acute intermittent porphyria which enzyme is deficient? | It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. PBG-deaminase (uroporphyrinogen-I-synthase) is deficient. 2. This leads to a secondary increase in the activity of ALA synthase since the end-product inhibition is not effective. The levels of ALA and PBG are elevated in blood and urine. As they are colorless compounds, u... | 157,222 | medmcqa_train |
A 72 year old male presented with complete rectal prolapse with
history of constipation from the last 10 years. Management for this
patient Is | For young pts - Abdominal rectopexy is preferred.
For old pts - perineal rectopexy is preferred (delormes, altamaier).
Underlying cause must be treated. | 157,223 | medmcqa_train |
The most impoant example of a compensated hemolytic anemia becomes decompensated, is when: | A patient with a hemolytic condition may present without anemia (Compensated hemolytic anemia) It becomes decompensated in Pregnancy Folate deficiency Renal failure (Interfering with adequate EPO production). Also in Acute infections- which depresses erythropoiesis. The most dramatic example is parvovirus B19 infection... | 157,224 | medmcqa_train |
Powerful vasoconstrictor is? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Epinephrine Among the given options, only epinephrine has significant action on a-receptor, thus causes vasoconstriction. Svmpathomimetic drugs Non selective Adrenaline - a, + a, + 13, + [3, Noradrenaline- a, + a, + [3, + Slight 13, no. 132 Isoprenaline- R + [32+ 133 but no a action Mephentramine- a a... | 157,225 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following statements are true regarding ligamentum denticulatum except | Ligamentum denticulatum is not a modification of arachnoid mater. It is a modification of the pia mater. The ligamentum denticulatum is a flat fibrous sheet on either side of the spinal cord present between the ventral and dorsal spinal roots. It serves as a neurosurgical landmark for hemisectioning of the spinal cord.... | 157,226 | medmcqa_train |
Wrong about clonidine is ? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., First line for ADHD o Behavioural therapy is the first line therapy for the treatment of ADHD. The first line drug for ADHD is Methylphenidate. Clonidine It acts (paial agonist) on areceptors, especially a2 in brainstem - Stimulation of a2A receptors in medulla (vasomotor centre) - decrease sympatheti... | 157,227 | medmcqa_train |
A 25 years old man marries a 13 years girl and has intercourse with her, this constitutes rape as she is- | Sexual intercourse with wife, even with her consent is rape, if she is below 15 years of age. | 157,228 | medmcqa_train |
'Gamma knife' is a term used to denote which of the methods of treatment? | Gamma Knife radiosurgery allows for the destruction of a brain lesions without cutting the skin. By focusing many small beams of of radiation on abnormal brain tissue the abnormality can be destroyed while preserving the normal surrounding structures. The Gamma Knife uses 201 narrow beam Cobalt 60 sources all aimed at ... | 157,229 | medmcqa_train |
A child having H/0 profuse watery diarrhoea not taking oraly and not passed urine since 2 days, what to be given | Ans. is 'c' i.e., I.V. fluid Child having history of profuse watery diarrhoea with poor oral intake and not passed urine since 2 days is suffering from diarrhoea with dehydration and probably acute renal failure of pre renal types. Here best choice is intravenous I.V. fluid If I.V. access not possible, then you can giv... | 157,230 | medmcqa_train |
The right atrium chronic overload is indicated by a P wave of more than: | Ans. a. 2.5 mm (Ref: Harrison 19/e p1453, 18/e p1832; Marc Gertsch's The ECG; A Two-Step Approach to Diagnosis';Ch-4)The right atrium chronic overload is indicated by a P wave of more than 2.5 mm."Normal atrial depolarization vector is oriented downward and towards the subject's left, reflecting the spread of depolariz... | 157,231 | medmcqa_train |
Marbling is noticed by | Ans. (c) 36 hours. | 157,232 | medmcqa_train |
Chlamydia causes all the following diseases except? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Parotitis | 157,233 | medmcqa_train |
Exposure to darkness leads to increased melatonin secretion. It is brought about by: | Ans. is 'b' i.e. increasing the serotonin N-acetyl transferase Ref Ganong 21st/e p 468, 20th/e p448First let's see the synthesis of melatonin from serotoninSerotonin| N. Acetyl transferase + Acetyl CoA N-Acetyl serotonin|Hydroxy indole - 0 methyl transferase + S-Adenosylmethionine Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamin... | 157,234 | medmcqa_train |
Slow onset of action is seen with? | TYPE ONSET (MIN/HR) PEAK (HR) DURATION RAPID ACTING Aspa 5-15 min 0.5-1.5 3-4 Lispro 5-15 0.5-1.5 3-4 SHO ACTING Human regular 30-60 2-3 4-6 Intermediate Lente 2-4 hr 6-12 18-26 NPH 2-4 4-12 18-26 LONG ACTING Determir 1-4 5-24 20-24 Glargine 1-4 5-24 20-24 Ultralente 4-8 10-30 Over 36 | 157,235 | medmcqa_train |
Busulfan toxicity does not include - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Toxic carditis o Adverse effects of busulfan --> Myelosuppression, hyperuricemia, pulmonary fibrosis, sterility, impotence, amenorrhea, addison's disease like syndrome (asthenia and hypotension). o High dose causes veno-occlusive disease of liver, seizures, hemorrhagic cystitis, alopecia, cataract. Ab... | 157,236 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is primordial prevention - | Ans. is 'a' Level of prevention Examples o Primordial prevention o Discouragement from adapting a harmful lifestyle, e.g. smoking o Primary prevention o Immunization (vaccination) o Chemoprophylaxis o Nutritional supplementation programmes o Chlorination of water o Using a mosquito net o Health education o Secondary pr... | 157,237 | medmcqa_train |
A 52-year-old, nonsmoking man complains of pain and paresthesias in his right hand, paicularly at night. Examination reveals a diminished radial pulse when he abducts his arm when his head is turned to either side. A bruit is audible over the upper right anterior chest. His neurologic examination is unremarkable. You s... | The patient has a thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS), which is an abnormal compression of the aeries, veins, or nerves in the neck. TOS is more common in adults than in children, and may occur in either sex. The compression may be caused by a cervical rib, the scalenus anticus muscle, or positional changes. The diagnosis i... | 157,238 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following carriers received source of infection from other carriers is called - | <p> Incubatory carriers They are potential patients. Since then incubation period of cholera is sho(1-5 days) ,incubatory carriage is of sho duration. Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine,K.Park,23rd edition,page no:230 <\p> | 157,239 | medmcqa_train |
Very low bih weight babies are | Low bih weight (LBW) neonate- A neonate weighing less than 2500g at bih irrespective of the gestational age. Very low bihweight (VLBW) neonate- A neonate weighing leas than 1500g at bih irrespective of the gestational age. Extremely low bih weight (ELBW) neonate- A neonate weighing leas than 1000g at bih irrespective o... | 157,240 | medmcqa_train |
Causative factor acne are following except: | Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous units, skin structures consisting of a hair follicle and its associated sebaceous gland Major factors are involved in the pathogenesis: - Hormonal factors (| androgens, Insulin resistance, Insulin growth factor-1(IGF-1) - | IL-1a activity - | Lenoleic acid - I... | 157,241 | medmcqa_train |
Osiander's sign is positive in? | The pelvic changes are diverse and appear at different periods during pregnancy. There is increased pulsation, felt through the lateral fornices at 8th week called Osiander's sign. Similar pulsation is also felt in acute pelvic inflammatory disease. Ref: Textbook of Obstetrics D.C.Dutta 6th Ed Page 65. | 157,242 | medmcqa_train |
Comment on the diagnosis of this patient with hypokalemic periodic paralysis. | Ans. (c) Grave's disease.* Thyrotoxicosis is sometimes associated with a form of hypokalemic periodic paralysis; this disorder is particularly common in Asian males with thyrotoxicosis.* Lid retraction, causing a staring appearance, can occur in any form of thyrotoxicosis and is the result of sympathetic overactivity.*... | 157,243 | medmcqa_train |
A 60-year-old man has his left forearm amputated because he has invasive rhabdomyosarcoma. The pathologist notes calcification in the wall of the radial aery, which otherwise appears unremarkable. Which of the following is the appropriate diagnosis? | Monckeberg medial sclerosis is characterized by calcification of the media of large and medium-sized aeries of older persons who are not otherwise affected by atherosclerosis . On gross examination, the involved aeries are hard and dilated. These aerial changes are usually asymptomatic. None of the other choices displa... | 157,244 | medmcqa_train |
Platelet count is decreased in all of the following condition except: | Answer is A (H. S. Purpura) The mechanism of ecchymosis or purpura in Henoch Schonlein is vasculitis. There is no thrombocytopenia. All other options are known causes of thrombocytopenia. | 157,245 | medmcqa_train |
Ehlers Danlos syndrome is? | Ehler-Danlos syndrome is classified into 8 types and more than 5 types show autosomal dominant transmission. | 157,246 | medmcqa_train |
drugs with high plasma protein binding are | plasma protein binding causes restriction of drugs in the vascular compament and thus lower volume of distribution | 157,247 | medmcqa_train |
In beta-oxidation of fatty acids, carnitine is required for | Transport of long-chain fatty acid to mitochondria' inner layer | 157,248 | medmcqa_train |
Most common cause of pneumonia in children less than 2 years is ? | Respiratory syncytial virus is the most impoant cause of pneumonia in children less than 2 years of age.At other ages ,influenza, parainfluenza, adeno virus are common. Bacteria causing pneumonia are klebsiella, S.pneumonia, E.coli, H.influenza, staphylococci, Atypical organisms like Mycoplasma and Pneumocystis carinii... | 157,249 | medmcqa_train |
A school going boy was noted with vacant stare several times a day. There was no history of fever, seizures and neurological deterioration. What is the diagnosis - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Absence seizures o Absence seizure is characterized by a few seconds of impairment of conciousness without loss of postural control. There is associated eye blinking or staring which may occur as clustered events. | 157,250 | medmcqa_train |
Multiple brain abscesses are characteristic of | (C) Hematogenous # Metastatic abscesses are commonly located in the parietal, frontal, or temporal lobes, and multiple brain abscesses are usually the result of metastatic spread from remote primary foci, accounting for 6% to 22% of cases.> Most common cause of brain abscesses was haematogenous spread, accounting for 2... | 157,251 | medmcqa_train |
Indications for ECT are : | B i.e. Depression with sucidal tendency | 157,252 | medmcqa_train |
Metacarpophalangeal joints are most commonly affected in: March 2005 | Ans. C: Rheumatoid Ahritis RA is characterized by diffuse cailage loss and erosion of bone and cailage. It stas in the synol membrane, with the initial processes of edema, neovascularization, and hyperplasia of the synol lining. Proliferation of synoviocytes and macrophages causes thickening of the synol lining and, to... | 157,253 | medmcqa_train |
Factors responsible for the development of multidrug resistant pneumonia are all, EXCEPT: | Factors responsible for the development of multidrug resistant pneumonia are Widespread use of potent oral antibiotics Earlier transfer of patients out of acute-care hospitals to their homes or various lower-acuity facilities Increased use of outpatient IV antibiotic therapy General aging of the population More extensi... | 157,254 | medmcqa_train |
All aggravates myastheia gravis,except ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Azathioprine o Tetracycline, aminoglycoside and quinidine can aggravate mysthenia gravis. | 157,255 | medmcqa_train |
Genetic anticipation is characteristic of: | Genetic Anticipation refers to the progressive increase in severity of an illness as it manifests in its transmission from parent to child, occurring in a more severe form and at an earlier age with succeeding generations. It is more commonly seen in trinucleotide repeat disorders. Classical examples are Huntington's D... | 157,256 | medmcqa_train |
All the following are examples of diseases causing Aplastic anemia except : | Answer is D (Cold haemoglobinuria) Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria is a form of immune mediated hemolytic anemia and is not a form of aplastic anemia. Pregnancy, PNH and hepatitis have all been mentioned as causes of Aplastic anemia. Classification Of Aplastic Anemia And Cytopenias : Acquired Aplastic Anemia Inherited A... | 157,257 | medmcqa_train |
Commonest ligament injured in ankle injury: | ANKLE LIGAMENT INJURY The most common mode of ankle injury is inversion of plantar flexed foot. Commonest ligament injured- Anterior talofibular ligament | 157,258 | medmcqa_train |
An 8-month old child presented with itchy, exudative lesions on the face, palms and soles. The siblings also have similar complaints. Which of the following is the treatment of choice? | The child in the question is showing features of scabies cause by Sarcoptes scabei. The treatment of choice in scabies is 5% permethrin cream. In adults, it is applied from the neck down and washed off after 8-14 hours. In children younger than 5 years of age and the elderly, it should be applied to the entire skin sur... | 157,259 | medmcqa_train |
All are true about Carvedilol except | Carvedilol blocks both β1 & β2 receptors and hence it is a non selective β - blocker. | 157,260 | medmcqa_train |
Lateral ventricle is connected to third ventricle by ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Foramen of Monro | 157,261 | medmcqa_train |
The drug that can cause hirsutism is | Ans: a (Minoxidil)Ref: katzung 9 ed., Pg. 247Topical minoxidil is used for treating androgenic alopecia. The mechanism of action of minoxidil on hair follicles is unknownDrugs causing hirsutism- Minoxidil- Phenytoin- Cyclosporine- Diazoxide- Androgens- Oral contraceptives - containing progesterone- Penicillamine- Heavy... | 157,262 | medmcqa_train |
What is the ideal site to make a burr hole in a patient of head injury with rapidly deteriorating sensorium & progressive dilatation of pupil with no localizing sign? | Burr hole surgery should be done by taking into consideration side of pupillary dilatation 1. One sided pupillary dilatation: Burr hole on that side 2. Both sided pupillary dilatation: Burr hole on the side of first dilated pupil/ side with obvious external trauma. 3. No localizing sign: Burr hole on the side of domina... | 157,263 | medmcqa_train |
Most common muscle to be congenitally absent - | Congenital absence of Pectoralis major is the most common. | 157,264 | medmcqa_train |
A 25-year-old woman complains of low-grade fever, fatigue, and persistent rash over her nose and upper chest. She also notes pain in her knees and elbows. A skin biopsy shows dermal inflammation and granular deposits of IgG and C3 complement along the basement membrane at the epidermal/dermal junction. Urinalysis revea... | 1/3rd of patients with SLE possess elevated concentrations of anti-phospholipid antibodies. It predisposes these patients to thromboembolic complications (stroke, pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, and poal vein thrombosis). The clinical course of SLE is highly variable and typically exhibits exacerbations and... | 157,265 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following vascular changes are observ ed in acute inflammation, except- | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Decreased hydrostatic pressureInflammationVascular changesCellular changeso Vasoconstrictiono Vasodilatationo Increased permeability'o Chemotaxis, phagocytosiso Increased hydrostatis pressureo Marginationo Rollingo Adhesion | 157,266 | medmcqa_train |
"Target lesions" are characteristically seen in? | Iris or target lesions = Erythema multiformie Bulla spread sign and Nikolsky's sign = Pemphigus vulgaris. Auspitz sign = Plaque Psoriasis. Darrier's sign = Uicaria pigmentosa. White dermographism = Atopic dermatitis. Dimple sign = Dermatofibroma Target lesions - Central erythema surrounded by area of clearing and anoth... | 157,267 | medmcqa_train |
Quadrate lobe of liver is present between | Quadrate lobe of liver is present between groove for ligamentum tetes and gallbladder | 157,268 | medmcqa_train |
A first year psychiatric resident is interviewing a patient in psychiatry ward. On asking any question, patient starts giving long details and to the point that listener may get bored, but eventually patient answers the question. Which of the following abnormality the resident could find in this patient? | Ans. D. CircumstantialityCircumstantiality is indirect speech that is delayed in reaching the point but eventually gets there. Circumstantiality is characterized by an overinclusion of details. Verbigeration is a meaningless repetition of specific words or phrases. Blocking is an abrupt interruption in the train of thi... | 157,269 | medmcqa_train |
Most common cause of epidural abscess - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Staphylococcuso Therefore spinal epidural abscess is much more common than the intracranial epidural abscess.# Spinal epidural abscess is more common by a factor of nine to one.Causes of epidural abscess | 157,270 | medmcqa_train |
Feed forward control system is employed during the regulation of | Ans. (c) Temperature(Ref: UMP, 4th ed/RL Bijlani p.12)There is a control system in our body when no stimulus is required but still the system ANTICIPATES and makes corrective changes. Such a system is called Feed forward or Anticipatory or Adaptive ControlExamples of feed forward controlTemperature control - Thermoregu... | 157,271 | medmcqa_train |
Tzank smear in a case of pemphigus vulgaris shows | Tzanck smear is a very simple and rapid technique. For viral infections, samples should be taken from a fresh vesicle.The vesicle should be unroofed or the crust removed, and the base scraped with a scalpel or the edge of a spatula. The material is transferred to a glass slide.In the case of blistering disorders, the i... | 157,272 | medmcqa_train |
Digoxin toxicity is increased by all except - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Hyperkalemia Digitalis toxicity is a2gravated by o Hypokalemia o Hypomagnesemia o Renal insufficiency o Hypercalcemia o Advanced age o Hypoxia o Acute myocardial infarction o Thyrotoxicosis o Mvxoedema o Acute Myocarditis | 157,273 | medmcqa_train |
The electrical potential difference necessary for a single ion to be at equilibrium across a membrane is best described by the: | Ans. D. Nernst equationa. The Nernst equation calculates the membrane potential that develops when a single ion is distributed at equilibrium across a membrane.b. The Goldman equation gives the value of the membrane potential when all permeable ions are accounted for.c. The van't Hoff equation calculates the osmotic pr... | 157,274 | medmcqa_train |
The most common type of Rhabdomyosarcoma is | Rhabdomyosarcoma, the most common soft-tissue sarcoma of childhood and adolescence, usually appears before age 20. It may arise in any anatomic location, but most occur in the head and neck or genitourinary tract, where there is little if any skeletal muscle as a normal constituent. Rhabdomyosarcoma is histologically s... | 157,275 | medmcqa_train |
Sympathomimietic causing increase in mean blood pressure, heart rate and cardiac output on intravenous infusion is- | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Adrenaline Comparative effects oflntravenous Infusion ofadrenaline, noradrenaline and Isoprenallne AdrNAIso1. Heart rate||||2 Cardiac output|| ||3. BP-Svstolic||nbv|||Diastolic||||||Mean||||4. Blood flow Skin and mm|| Sk, muscle||||Kidney-|| Liver|| |Coronary|||5. Bronchial muscle|| ||6. Intestinal mu... | 157,276 | medmcqa_train |
What is Hinge fracture? | Hinge fracture also called motorcyclist fracture, fracture lines passes across the middle cranial fossa, separating the skull base into 2 halves. | 157,277 | medmcqa_train |
Hysterectomy when done through broad ligament causes injury to? | ANSWER: (B) UreterREF: Shaw's 13th ed p. 14, Danforth 10th ed page 456, COGT 2009 ed chapter 48, The 5-Minute Obstetrics and Gynecology Consult edited by Paula J. Adams Hillard page 582Ureter lies in the pararectal space in the medial leaf of broad ligament in pelvis, hence when dissecting through it during hysterectom... | 157,278 | medmcqa_train |
In which part of the oral cavity has thinnest mucous membrane: | Histologically mucosa of the floor of mouth is non-keratinized, thinnest and loosely adherent to the underlying structures. Loose attachment to the underlying tissue provide free mobility to the tongue. | 157,279 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following sphingolipidoses has a characteristic presentation of exaggerated startle response | Refer the byte "Sphingolipidoses" | 157,280 | medmcqa_train |
All true about - cocaine except- | It is ester local anesthetics Cocaine was the first local Anesthetic to be used clinically. It is only natural local anesthetic. Koller introduced this in the field of ophthalmology. It is the only local anesthetic with vasoconstrictor action. It is sympathomimetic and inhibits metabolism of catecholamine. | 157,281 | medmcqa_train |
Average duration of 3rd stage of labor is: | Stage Definition- First: From the onset of TRUE labor to full dilation of cervix. Average duration: 12 hours in primigravida and 6 hours in multigravida. Second: From full dilation of cervix to bih of the baby. Median duration is approximately 50 minutes in primigravida and 20 minutes in multigravida. Third: From bih o... | 157,282 | medmcqa_train |
Fetal cardiac activity can be detected earliest by USG at which age of Intrauterine life- | Fetal cardiac activity can be detected earliest by USG at 5-6-week age of intrauterine life. | 157,283 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following can occurs in ovary, rectum and appendix - | Ans. is 'd' Endometriosis (Ref. Shaws, 13/e, p 439 (12/e, p 370)).Endometriosis is widely dispersed. It occurs anywhere throughout the lower pelvis. The common sites are ovaries*, cul-de-sac including the uterosacral ligaments, peritoneum overlying the bladder, sigmoid colon, back of the uterus, intestinal coils and ap... | 157,284 | medmcqa_train |
The most useful incision in the operating room for patients with penetrating pericardium injury is: | The subxyphoid incision is useful for determining if there is blood in the pericardium and if there is an intracardiac injury; however, exposure is extremely limited, and definitive repair can rarely be performed through the incision. Left (or right) anterior thoracotomy is easily performed, especially in the emergency... | 157,285 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following are an example of Indicator media EXCEPT: | Ans. (d) Stuart mediaRef.: Microbiology by Ananthanarayan and Paniker 8th ed. / 40, 43INDICATOR MEDIA* It is also known as differential media which distinguishes one microorganism type from another growing on the same media.* This type of media is used for the detection of microorganisms and by molecular biologists to ... | 157,286 | medmcqa_train |
Most common malignant tumour in childhood | Leukemia is the most common malignancy of childhood.There are two main subtypes,the commoner acute lymohoblastic leukemia(ALL) & acute myeloid leukemia(AML).A small propoion may have chronic myeloid leukemia(CML) and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia(JMML).ALL is the most common childhood malignancy accounting for one-f... | 157,287 | medmcqa_train |
A child with decreased levels of LH, FSH and Testosterone presents with delayed puberty. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis – | Kallman's syndrome is an X-linked disorder characterized by a deficiency of GnRH with a resultant decrease in FSH and LH levels producing an isolated Hypogonadotrophic Hypogonadism Kallman's syndrome may be seen in both men and women but is more common in men. It is typically also associated with agenesis or hypoplasia... | 157,288 | medmcqa_train |
Which is not a component of MELD score | Recently, the Child-Pugh system has been replaced by the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) system for the latter purpose. The MELD score is a prospectively derived system designed to predict the prognosis of patients with liver disease and poal hypeension. This score is calculated from three noninvasive variable... | 157,289 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following interventions is not recommended in active management of third stage of Labour? | Canadian pediatric society and Cochrane database UK, has recommended delayed clamping of the umbilical cord, as it reduce the need for blood transfusion in premature babies and also reduce the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage. Ref: Clinical Gynaecological Endocrinology and Infeility By Speroff, 7th Edition, Pag... | 157,290 | medmcqa_train |
Waxy flexibility and stereotype verbal and behavioural signs are seen in | Ans. c (Catatonic schizophrenia). (Ref. Psychiatry by Niraj Ahuja, 5th ed., 60, 254)Schizophrenia: Symptoms must be present at least 6 monthsSchizophreniform Disorder: > 1 month but < 6 months.FEATURES OF CATATONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA# Bizarre posturing# Rigidity# Echolalia, echopraxia# Mutism# Waxy flexibility# Ambitendancy... | 157,291 | medmcqa_train |
Most diffusible ion across the membrane is | The resting membrane potential is close to the Nernst potential for K+, the ion to which the membrane is most permeable. . | 157,292 | medmcqa_train |
A study of persons developing skin lesions following sun exposure is conducted. The lesions are not found on skin protected from ultraviolet light. Biopsies of involved skin show immunoglobulin G deposition along the dermal-epidermal junction, along with vacuolization of the basal layer and a perivascular lymphocytic i... | The more benign discoid lupus involves just skin, unlike systemic lupus erythematosus, but is still a form of type III hypersensitivity with antigen-antibody complex deposition along the basement membrane of the epidermis. The other listed options are not associated with sun exposure. Bullous pemphigoid lesions occur a... | 157,293 | medmcqa_train |
What is the normal cardiothoracic ratio in children? | "The cardiac silhouette occupies 50-55% of the chest width. Cardiomegaly is present when the cardiothoracic (CT) ratio is more than 55%".The CTR is measured on a PA chest x-ray and is the ratio of maximal horizontal cardiac diameter to maximal horizontal thoracic diameter (inner edge of ribs/edge of pleura). A normal m... | 157,294 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following fatty acid present in fish-oil is known for its cardio-protective function? | Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA): o3 fatty acid Present in fish-oil Known for its cardio-protective action EPA inhibits the formation of thromboxanes (TX2) which are potent platelet aggregators. Hence, the intake of o3 fatty acids promotes platelet disaggregation. | 157,295 | medmcqa_train |
Pain in left hypochondrium vomiting, diarrhea, malena, weight loss diagnosis | Answer- C. Zollinger Ellison syndromePeptic ulceration is the most common manifestation of Zollinger Ellison syndrome leading to left hypochondriac pain, vomlting and weight loss and ulcers refractory to medical therapy.A bleeding ulcer gives rise to malena. | 157,296 | medmcqa_train |
The Normal value of P02 in healthy man is : | C i.e. 80 mm HgFeatureAerial blood--Mixed Venous blood (at rest)FeatureAerial blood--Mixed Venous blood (at rest) 02 tension/P0295 +- 5 mmHg40 +- 2 mm Hg02 tension/P0295 +- 5 mmHg40 +- 2 mm Hg 02 Content19 m1/100 ml14 ml /100 ml02 Content19 m1/100 ml14 ml /100 ml % Saturation of Hb95% +- 2%75%% Saturation of Hb95% +- 2... | 157,297 | medmcqa_train |
In catatonic schizophrenia, all are seen except : | D. i.e. Flight of ideas | 157,298 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following are true about paranoid schizophrenia except - | Paranoid schizophrenia is the commonest type of schizophrenia in clinical practice. The onset is later (3rd - 4th decade). The core symptoms are delusions of persecution. Other types of delusions (grandeur, reference, control, infidelity, double) and hallucinations may also occur. There is minimal or no disturbance of ... | 157,299 | medmcqa_train |
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