query stringlengths 1 1.57k | pos stringlengths 1 22.5k | idx int64 0 161k | task_name stringclasses 1
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Wilm's Tumour is associated with all. Except - | Ans. is 'd' Polycystic kidney disease (Ref O.P. Ghai, 5/e, p 466; CPDT, 15/e, p 808, Nelson 17/e, 617, 1749 1750,1757)Important associated malformations: syndromes associated with wilm's tumor.Aniridia*Hemihypertrophy*GenitourinaryCryptorchidism*Hypospadias*Gonadal dysgenesis*Pseudohermaphroditism *Horseshoe kidney *Be... | 157,300 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following disorders is least likely associated with progression to lymphoma | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Severe combined immunodeficiency Choice Cancers associated Sjogren syndrome NHL mainly MALT-oma involving salivary glands>stomach Ataxia telengectasia Elevated incidence of cancers, approximately 100-fold in comparison to the general population. In children, more than 85% of neoplasm cases are acute l... | 157,301 | medmcqa_train |
A patient has multiple, pearly papules on the face. Biopsy shows a malignant tumor. Which of the following features would most likely be seen on microscopic examination? | The malignant skin tumor that forms "pearly papules" on sun-exposed skin is basal cell carcinoma. A characteristic feature of this tumor is palisading of the basal cell-like nuclei at the edge of clusters of cells penetrating into the dermis. Basal cell carcinomas almost never metastasize, but can be very locally destr... | 157,302 | medmcqa_train |
The risk of recurrence of congenital hea disease is | The incidence of congenital hea disease in the normal population is 0.8%.The risk increases to 2-6% for a second child if the sibling is having congenital hea disease(recurrence) or if the parent is affected.When two 1st degree relatives have congenital hea disease, the risk for the subsequent child may reach 20-30%.VS... | 157,303 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following occurs first with the use of d-tubocurare: | Any neuromuscular blocker when given intravenously goes to highly perfused organ like diaphragm and intercostal muscle first then facial muscle , then upper limb and last lower limb. Thus sequence of block - diaphragm and intercostal muscle - facial muscle - upper limb - lower limb | 157,304 | medmcqa_train |
Maximum conduction occurs in which fibres | SENSORY NERVE FIBERS | 157,305 | medmcqa_train |
Given technique is called as: | Crown-Down Technique
Numerous modifications of the original step-down technique have been introduced, including the description of the crown-down technique. The more typical step-down technique includes the use of a stainless steel K-file exploring the apical constriction and establishing working length.
In contrast, ... | 157,306 | medmcqa_train |
Which electrolyte abnormality occurs after TRUP: | Ans. (b) HyponatremiaRef: Bailey 26th Edition, page 1349* Most common electrolyte abnormality during TURP is HYPONATREMIA due to water intoxication. | 157,307 | medmcqa_train |
Maximum Flexion in thoracic veebrae occurs at - | Ans. is 'c' i.e.,Lower thoracicFlexion (forward flexion) and lateral flexion (bending) -> Maximum at lower thoracic.Rotation - Maximum at mid-thoracic.FlexionExtensionLateral flexionRotationUpper thoracic - 8-9.5deg7-9-5deg throughoutUpper thoracic 55-6degUpper thoracic - 12-16degMid-thoracic 10-11.5deg Mid thoracic ->... | 157,308 | medmcqa_train |
Reid index is useful in- | Ref: Textbook of pathology (Harash mohan)6th edition, page no.478 Just as there is clinical definition, there is histologic definition of chronic bronchitis by increased Reid index. Reid index is the ratio between thickness of the submucosal mucus glands (i.e. hyperophy and hyperplasia) in the cailage-containing large ... | 157,309 | medmcqa_train |
An 18-year-old woman has eaten homemade preserves. Eighteen hours later, she develops diplopia, dysarthria, and dysphagia. Which of the following is the most likely causative organism? | The incubation period of C. botulinum toxin is 18-36 hours but ranges from a few hours to days. There are no sensory symptoms. Foodborne botulinum is associated primarily with home-canned food. Severe foodborne botulinum can produce diplopia, dysarthria, and dysphagia; weakness then can progress rapidly to involve the ... | 157,310 | medmcqa_train |
Anteversion of uterus is maintained by | (D) Round ligaments[?]POSITIONS OF UTERUS:Anteversion of uterus: Long axis of uterus is bent forward on long axis of vagina, In most women.Also, long axis of body of uterus is bent forward at level of internal as with long axis of cervix (anteflexion of uterus). Thus, in erect position and with bladder empty, uterus li... | 157,311 | medmcqa_train |
A 6-year-old child presents with black spots on sclera and ear. His urine sample was collected for examination (A). After 30 minutes of collection, the colour of urine sample had changed to (B). What is the most probable enzyme deficiency, child is suffering from? | Alkaptonuria * Autosomal recessive disorder due to deficiency of enzyme homogentisic acid oxidase. Clinical features Ochronosis ( Dark spot on sclera / ear cailage ) Ahritis Darkening of urine on standing ( oxidation of homogentisic Acid) High incidence of Hea disease ( mitral / aoic valvulitis / calcification ) | 157,312 | medmcqa_train |
A 19 year old boy suffering from chronic schizophrenia is put on haloperidol in the dose of 20 mg/day. A week after the initiation of medication the patient shows restlessness, fidgety, irritability and cannot sit still in one place. The most appropriate treatment strategy is - | Restlessness, fidgety, irritability and inability to sit still at one place in a patient, one week after initiation of antipsychotic (haloperidol) suggest the diagnosis of Akathisia.
"The first line drug for akathisia is most commonly a β-blocker". | 157,313 | medmcqa_train |
Pap smear of Lelawati 45-years female shows CIN grade III. Which of the following is the next step in management: | Ans. is c, i.e. Colposcopy directed biopsyRef: CGDT 10th/ed, p837, 841; Harrison 17th/ed, p608; Williams Gynecology 1st/ed, p628, Table 29-6 William Gynae 3rd/ed, p629 | 157,314 | medmcqa_train |
Among the causes of rib notching are: | Ans. All of the above | 157,315 | medmcqa_train |
A body is brought to you for autopsy. The suspected cause of death is drowning. Which of the following would you NOT expect to find in this body? | In drowning the pupils are dilated. Findings in case of drowning are: 1) Fine froth from the mouth 2) Weeds clenched tightly in the hands 3) Water in stomach 5) Diatoms in brain and bone marrow 5) Dilated pupils 6) Cutis anserina 7) Paltauf haemorrhage Ref: Textbook of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology by Narayan Reddy,... | 157,316 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following neurotransmitter is having only inhibitory action? | GABA is the major inhibitory mediator in the brain and mediates both presynaptic and postsynaptic inhibition. GABA, which exists as -aminobutyrate in the body fluids, is formed by decarboxylation of glutamate by the enzymeglutamate decarboxylase (GAD), which is present in nerve endings in many pas of the brain. Glutama... | 157,317 | medmcqa_train |
Virulence factors for meningococci -a) Capsuleb) Pili c) Endotoxind) Coagulasee) M. Protein | Virulence factor of Meningococcus:
Refer text (chapter review) for explanation:
Option d: Coagulase is a Virulence factor for Staphylococcus
Option e: M protein is a Virulence factor for Streptococcus.
Ref: Apurba Sastry’s Essentials of Medical Microbiology 1/e p236 | 157,318 | medmcqa_train |
Vasopressin inhibited by: | Ref: Goodman & Gillman, The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 12th edition, Pg No. 708.Explanation:Lithium and Demeclocycline are the other drugs which inhibits the action of vasopressinLithium reduce the V2 receptor mediated stimulation of adenylyl cyclaseIt also increases PTH which is an antagonist of LithiumDem... | 157,319 | medmcqa_train |
Dislufiram acts by blocking | DISULFIRAM is a DETERRANT which acts by blocking acetaldehyde dehydrogenase When acetaldehyde dehydrogenase is blocked there will be increased amount of acetaldehyde that acts on mast cells and results in release of histamine that in turn leads to allergic reaction. Thus when a patient on disulfiram takes alcohol there... | 157,320 | medmcqa_train |
Duration of action of Lidocaine with adrenaline | Duration of action of lidocaine with adrenaline is 2-3 hours. Adrenaline enhances both speed and quality of block, It also prolong effect of lignocaine and reduce the peak blood level and toxicity by reducing the local blood supply duration of action of lidocaine whithout adrenaline is 30-90min | 157,321 | medmcqa_train |
Osmotic damage is operative in all of the following complications of diabetes mellitus EXCEPT | Osmotic damage is inoperative in insulin- receptor deficiency. Insulin-receptor deficiency is the result of an increase in adipose, which down regulates receptor synthesis, and chronic elevation of glucose (glucose toxicity), which renders the receptors less receptive to insulin. | 157,322 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is the clinical feature of intermittent claudication? | Intermittent claudication refers to pain in muscles of the lower extremity associated with walking and relieved by rest. The pain is a deep-seated ache usually in the calf muscle, which gradually progresses until the patient is compelled to stop walking. Relief of symptoms is not dependent upon sitting or other positio... | 157,323 | medmcqa_train |
Rate controlling enzyme of fatty acid synthesis | Carboxylation of Acetyl CoA The first step in the fatty acid synthesis is the carboxylation of acetyl CoA to form malonyl CoA. The acetyl CoA carboxylase is not a pa of the multienzyme complex. But it is the rate-limiting enzyme. Biotin, a member of B complex vitamins, is necessary for this reaction (step 1 in Fig. 11.... | 157,324 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is true of shoulder joint? | D i.e. Allows flexion, rotation & abduction * The three joints in shoulder complex are sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, and gleno- humeral joints.* The glenohumeral joint is a synol ball and socket aiculation between the head of the humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula. It is the most impoant joint of shoulder com... | 157,325 | medmcqa_train |
Goblet cells are present in | The lumen of the trachea is lined with mucous membrane that consists of a lining epithelium and an underlying layer of connective tissue. The lining epithelium is pseudostratified ciliated columnar. It contains numerous goblet cells and basal cells that lie next to the basement membrane.Ref: Inderbir Singh&;s Textbook ... | 157,326 | medmcqa_train |
Fluoroqinolone with least oral bioavailability- | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Norfloxacin Pharmacokinetic characteristics and doses of fluoroquinolones C1PROFLNORFLPEFLOFLLEVOFLGEM1PRULIMOXI1. Oral bioavailability (%)60-8035-4590-10085-95-1007090852. Plasma protein binding (%)20-351520-30252555-7345403. Vo!, of distribution (L/kg)3-4221.51.3----24. Percent metabolized2025855-10... | 157,327 | medmcqa_train |
7-methyl guanosine is added as a cap on mRNA. This methyl group is donated by: | Capping is a post transcriptional modification. 7-methyl guanosine cap is added at the 5'end of mRNA by Guanylyl Transferase. Methyl group is donated by SAM (S-Adenosyl Methionine) by enzyme Guanine-7-Methyl Transferase, which occurs in cytoplasm (rest all post transcriptional modifications occur in nucleus). This cap ... | 157,328 | medmcqa_train |
All are the Complication of CVP line except | Complications of CVP are air embolism, thromboembolism; cardiac arrhythmias; Pneumothorax; hemothorax; Chylothorax; Cardiac tamponade; Sepsis; Trauma to the phrenic nerve, Carotid artery (can cause pseudoaneurysm) & brachial plexus. | 157,329 | medmcqa_train |
Increased 5 Hydroxy-Indole-acetic acid in urine is seen in: | Carcinoid tumors are neuroendocrine tumors of Argentaffin cells that secrete serotonin. 5 Hydroxy-Indole-acetic acid(5-HIAA) is a metabolites of Tryptophan/Serotonin that is clasically elevated in typical carcinoid tumors. Urinary excretion of HIAA is diagnostic test for identification of Carcinoid tumors. Carcinoid Tu... | 157,330 | medmcqa_train |
The most severe form of respiratory complication in influenza virus infection is: | Primary influenza viral pneumonia is the least common but most severe of the pneumonic complications. The most common bacterial pathogens causing secondary bacterial pneumonia are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Haemophilus influenzae. Ref:Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition, Pa... | 157,331 | medmcqa_train |
Binary (secondary) exposure to an antigen results in sudden increase in - | Secondary response: the response to subsequent stimuli with the same antigen. Usually 100-1000 times more than primary response. IgG is responsible for the secondary response. Reference: Anathanarayan & paniker's 9th edition, pg no:146 <\p> | 157,332 | medmcqa_train |
Leprosy involves all except | Uterus Uterus is the least likely site of involvement in Leprosy "Although Leprosy rarely involves the female genital tract, the ovary is the most commonly involved gynaecological site" - Blaustein's Pathology of the Female Genital Tract "There is little or no involvement of the female genital tract. 3 The repoed incid... | 157,333 | medmcqa_train |
Refractive condition of the eye at bih is: | A i.e. Hypermetropia of 2 D | 157,334 | medmcqa_train |
Incidence of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia has declined in recent times due to which of the following? | Answer- C. Use of combination APneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), once the hallmark of AIDS, has dramatically declined in incidence following the development of effective prophylactic regimens and the widespread use of cA. | 157,335 | medmcqa_train |
True about bacteriophage - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above Bacteriophage (phage)o Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria.o Phages play an important role in the transmission of genetic information between bacteria by the process of transduction.o The presence of phage genome integrated with bacterial chromosome confer bacteria certain... | 157,336 | medmcqa_train |
Male with history of bilateral undescended testis | Male with bilateral undescended testis (especially intra-abdominal testes) are usually sterile. To optimise spermatogenesis the testis needs to be in the scrotum below body temperature at a young age. Incompletely descended testes are often macroscopically normal in early childhood but by pubey the testis is poorly dev... | 157,337 | medmcqa_train |
Factor which is associated both with exposure and disease is called - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Confounding factor | 157,338 | medmcqa_train |
According to Tanner stages of development, which is the first sign of pubey in females? | GnRH stimulates secretion of LH and FSH which causes the ovary to produce estrogens. Subsequently changes of pubey occur including breast development (thelarche), development of pubic and axillary hair (pubarche), the growth spu (peak height velocity), and onset of menstruation (menarche). Thelarche (breast development... | 157,339 | medmcqa_train |
Best disinfectant for endoscopes is: (D. REPEAT 2012) | Ref: Russel, Hugo and Ay tiff e's Principles and Practice of Disinfection, Preservation and Sterilization, 4th edition, Page 568Explanation:Activated 2% alkaline glutaraldehyde is used for decontaminating flexible endoscopes.Advantageso Relatively non-corrosiveo Will kill spores with prolonged exposure (3- 10 hours).Di... | 157,340 | medmcqa_train |
Wahin's tumor is found in | It is a benign tumour that occurs only in parotid ,usually in the lower pole. SRB,25th,415 | 157,341 | medmcqa_train |
Accidental injury of the ureter during abdominal operation should be managed by all except: | Surgeries for ureteric fistula:
• Bladder flap procedure (modified Boari–Ocker–Blad)
• Ureteroneocystostomy
• Implantation into the bladder
Note: End to end anastomosis may lead to stricture formation.
Colonic transplantation results in recurrent pyelonephritis and hyperchloremic acidosis. | 157,342 | medmcqa_train |
Which is not a branch of anterior division of internal iliac aery ? | Branches of anterior division of internal iliac aery are :(i) Superior vesical(ii) Middle rectal(iii) Inferior vesical (in males),(iv) Internal pudendal, (v) Vaginal (in females),(vi) Uterine (in females)(vii) Obturator(viii) Inferior gluteal.Branches of posterior division are : (i) Iliolumbar, (ii) Lateral sacral, and... | 157,343 | medmcqa_train |
Migratory superficial thrombophlebitis is seen in - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Carcinoma pancreas | 157,344 | medmcqa_train |
Most common surgical cause of obstructive jaundice- | Ans. is 'd' i.e., CBD stones o Most common surgical cause of obstructive jaundice is choledocholithiasiso Stone disease is the most common cause of obstructive jaundice. Gallstones may pass through the CBD and cause obstruction and symptoms of biliary colic and cholecystitis. Larger stones can become lodged in the CBD ... | 157,345 | medmcqa_train |
Most common cyanotic heart disease - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., TOF Tetroiogy of falloto Cyanonic heart disease (MC).o Defect in infundibular septum leads to :Pulmonary stenosis.VSD (Not ASD)Dextroposition and overriding of aorta.Right ventricular hypertrophy (NOT LVH).o Pink TOF (Acyanotic TOF) when PS is mild to moderate, balanced shunt across the VSD, pt does n... | 157,346 | medmcqa_train |
Wilm's tumor associated with all except - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Digeorge syndrome o Wilnvs tumour is associated with three groups of congenital malformations,o The risk of Wilm's tumour is increased in these conditions,o These are -o WAGR syndrome - It consists of# Aniridia# Genital anomalies# Mental retardationThe risk of Wilnvs tumour is increased by 33% in this... | 157,347 | medmcqa_train |
Indomethacin causes: | a. Closure of ductus in premature neonate(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2197)Indomethacin, a Prostaglandin inhibitor is used in medical closure of Ductus arteriosus in preterm neonates with PDA. | 157,348 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following are seen in retinitis pigmentosa except: September 2009 | Ans. A: Prominent retinal vessels The condition is abiotrophic in nature (premature senility and death of tissue) and genetically determined. Autosomal recessive is the most common and is very severe. Autosomal dominant is benign and is symptomatic only in adult life. X-linked recessive is least common. It is also a ve... | 157,349 | medmcqa_train |
All is true about Pecquet duct EXCEPT | Thoracic duct, aka duct pecquet, is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body. it Crosses from right to left at level of T5 It extends from the lower border of T12 as a continuation of the cisterna chyli. Enters thorax through the aoic opening of diaphragm along with the aoa & azygous veins. It ascends through the poste... | 157,350 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is the most specific test for Rheumatoid arthritis | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Anti-ccp antibody Rheumatoid factor is an autoantibody, usually IgM directed against the Fc region of IgG.Despite its name, rheumatoid factor is not specific for rheumatoid arthritis, it can also be seen in wide range of autoimmune disorders, inflammatory disease and chronic infections. *Anticitrullina... | 157,351 | medmcqa_train |
Pheochromocytoma secretes? | ANSWER: (D) AllREF: Harrison's Internal Medicine > Chapter 337. PheochromocytomaSee previous question"Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas synthesize and store catecholamines, which include norepinephrine (noradrenaline), epinephrine (adrenaline), and dopamine" | 157,352 | medmcqa_train |
Trauma to breast causes which type of necrosis - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Fat necrosis Fat necrosisFat necrosis may be of two types : -Enzymatic fat necrosiso This is due to the action of lipase on adipose tissue,o It occurs most frequently in acute pancreatitis due to leakage of lipase,o Depending on the severity of acute pancreatitis, fat necrosis may occur in : -Adipose ... | 157,353 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is the best way of preventing development of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in post-operative period? | Ans is 'c' i.e. Prophylactic Heparin Patients are at increased risk for developing venous thromboembolism after:Major abdominal surgery Major orthopaedic surgery has sustained, major trauma has prolonged immobility (>3 days)These patients need some form of prophylaxis. The prophylaxis can be mechanical or pharmacologic... | 157,354 | medmcqa_train |
A 40-year-old male comes to emergency with altered level of consciousness. On Examination, His BP 210/ 152 and has severe papilledema. Which of the following drug should be given by intravenous infusion and acts GPCR and is very sho acting? | Patient is likely having hypeensive emergency. All the drugs given in options except metoprolol can be used to control hypeensive emergencies. Fenoldopam Used in hypeensive emergencies Act on D1 receptors which are G protein coupled receptors. Very sho acting drug and must be given by intravenous infusion (being a cate... | 157,355 | medmcqa_train |
First drug of choice in a patient with Diabetes mellitus and concomitant hypertension? | Ans. d. ACE inhibitors (Ref. Harrison's Internal medicine 17th edition, p. 1558; 16th edition, p. 1479)Antihypertensive therapy:Primary (essential) hypertensionDiuretics, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin li receptor blockers (ARBs), calcium channel blockers.Hypertension with CHFDiuretics, ACE inhibitors/ARBs, b-blockers (co... | 157,356 | medmcqa_train |
"Risk ratio" is utilized to calculate the- | Relative risk is the ratio of the incidence among exposed and the incidence among non exposed. In the example, RR of lung cancer = 10/1 = 10 Some authors use the term risk ratio to refer to relative risk. The larger the relative risk the greater the strength of association between the suspected factor and disease Ref: ... | 157,357 | medmcqa_train |
In hypogonadotropic hypogonadism? | - LH and FSH are decreased in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: - Reversible - if its d/t to Chronic systemic illness (CKD, Chronic liver Disease) Severe malnutrition Endocrine causes (hypothyroidism, type 1 DM) - Permanent if its d/t Isolated delayed pubey - Genetic mutations - KAL 1 (Kallm... | 157,358 | medmcqa_train |
Delusion is a disorder of: | Ans. is 'a' Thinking Cognition (Thought) Disorders are -Schizophrenia*Obsessive compulsive neurosis*Delusions* & phobias*Also rememberHallucinations are disorder of - perception* | 157,359 | medmcqa_train |
Which is not true about cephalohaematoma?: | Not limited by sutures | 157,360 | medmcqa_train |
All are seen in PTSD; post-traumatic stress disorder EXCEPT: | Vivid dreams REF: Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry: 10th Edition, page 615"The principal clinical features of PTSD are painful re-experiencing of the event, a pattern of avoidance and emotional numbing, and fairly constant hyper arousal. Patients may also describe dissociative states and panic attacks, and illu... | 157,361 | medmcqa_train |
For refraction in a hypermetropic child, which is the best drug - | Ans. (b) Atropine ointmentRef: Parson's 22/e, p. 79Atropine ointment (1%) is the cycloplegic of choice for refraction in a young child. | 157,362 | medmcqa_train |
A 69-year-old man with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/chronic bronchitis is admitted with increasing sputum production, fever, chills, and decreased O2 saturation. His chest x-ray shows a left lower lobe nonhomogeneous opacity. He is treated with IV antibiotics and improves. On the fouh hospital day... | This chest x-ray shows an ill-defined, patchy opacity in the left middle and left lower zones. Incomplete consolidation with air bronchogram is seen. The left hea border is clear, but the silhouette of the left diaphragm is lost. This is consistent with the left lower pneumonia. This patient with chronic obstructive pu... | 157,363 | medmcqa_train |
The average length of a full term child will be about - | The average length in full term mature child is between 48-52 cms. | 157,364 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following are used for calculation of fluid replacement in burns | Parkland regime : It is commonly used . 4ml/%burn/kg body weight / 24 hours . Maximum percentage considered is 50%. volume is given in first year hours, rest given in 16 hours. Muir and Burclay regime : For colloid after 12-24 hours %burns x kg body weight /2 = 1 ration Three rations given in 12 hours . Two rations in ... | 157,365 | medmcqa_train |
Simple random sampling- | . | 157,366 | medmcqa_train |
A 70-year-old diabetic and hypeensive patient was being investigated for angina and a coronary angiogram was performed. Two days later, he developed fever and abdominal discomfo and dyspnea and a mottled skin rash. His great toe appeared black. His BP increased to 180/100. His creatinine was found to have risen from a ... | Diabetes and angina both point to atherosclerosis. In patients undergoing angiography, catheterization can lead to embolism of a vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque in descending aoa downstream to renal aeries leading to an atheroembolic kidney disease. The symptoms of diabetic patient developed after angiography and sin... | 157,367 | medmcqa_train |
Periplasmic space is seen in ? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Gram negative bacteria Periplasmic space is a narrow space between cytoplasmic membrane (plasma membrane) and cell wall. Periplasmic space has been more frequently and better recorded in gram-negative bacteria as compared to gram-negative. "At present most gram positive bacteria are thought to have on... | 157,368 | medmcqa_train |
Intrinsic factor is secreted by- | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Parietal cells In stomach* Parietal cells (oxyntic cells) secrete - HC1 and intrinsic factor of castle.* Chief cells (zymogen or peptic cells) secrete - Pepsinogen.* G cells secrete - Gastrin* D cells secrete - Somatostatin* ECL cells secrete - Histamine | 157,369 | medmcqa_train |
Regarding the lipid or liposomal formulations of amphotericin B, which of the following statments is accurate? | (Ref: KDT 6/e p758) Newer liposomal preparations of amphotericin B have the following features: Less chances of nephrotoxicity and infusin related reactions Lesser uptake in the tissues like kidney More expensive Similar in efficacy and antifungal spectrum as conventional preparations | 157,370 | medmcqa_train |
A 75 year old female with a long history of cigarette smoking is found to have a small tumor at the periphery of her right upper lobe. Initially, the tumor was believed to be a Stage I carcinoma (T1 NO MO), but after surgery it is found to be Stage II (T1 N1 MO). What is found at surgery that changed the staging? | Although it is nearly impossible to memorize the staging rules for all the different kinds of tumors, there are several basic principles common to all. The TNM stage of a tumor is determined by the tumor size and extent (T for tumor), lymph node involvement (N for nodes), and metastasis (M for metastasis). N0 always me... | 157,371 | medmcqa_train |
Arch of aorta is derived from: | Ans. D 4th pharyngeal archRef: Gray's Anatomy, 4V ed. pg. 607DERIVATIVES OF THE PHARYNGEAL ARCHESArch numberArch nameEmbryonic cartilageCartilage derivativeMuscleNerveArtery1MandibularQuadrate Meckel'sIncusMalleusAnterior ligament of malleus Spine of sphenoidSphenomandibular ligamentGenial tubercle of mandibleTensor ty... | 157,372 | medmcqa_train |
Difference between reversible and irreversible reaction is | C i.e. Work done | 157,373 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not a component of SIRS? | Ans. b. Urine output < lml/kg/hour | 157,374 | medmcqa_train |
Provision of total beds at PHC & CHC is:- | - There are no beds at Sub-center level. | 157,375 | medmcqa_train |
The MOST frequently implicated antibiotic among the causes of DILI is: | Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid causes inflammatory cholestasis. It is the most common cause of antibiotic induced DILI. Other examples of drugs causing Inflammatory cholestasis are Phenothiazine Oxacillin Erythromycin oleate Ref: Harrison, Edition-18, Page 2561 | 157,376 | medmcqa_train |
Decrease in weight for height indicates? | Decrease in weight for height indicates Acute malnutrition Decrease in height for age indicates chronic malnutrition. | 157,377 | medmcqa_train |
SMILE is | SMILE is bladeless Flapless LASIK Types of LASIK *Conventional LASIK: The LASIK flap is made by microkeratome blade and then EXCIMER laser is used for stromal ablation *Epi LASIK or Photorefractive Keratectomy: Laser ablation is done after removal of epithelium without the creation of flap *SMILE- is small incision len... | 157,378 | medmcqa_train |
True about pediatric tracheostomy – a) Most common early complication is subcutaneous emphysemab) 3rd & 4th tracheal rings are incisedc) Easy to remove the tracheostomy tubed) Complete tracheal ring is removede) Moisturing of orifice should be done | Pediatric treacheostomy
In most of the cases tracheostomy is performed with general anesthesia and the patient intubated and paralyzed.
Neck is extended.
A horizontal incision is made halfway between the cricoid cartilage and the sternal notch.
Subcutaneous fat and tissues are reflected, and deep cervical facia, is cu... | 157,379 | medmcqa_train |
Indications for exchange transfusion are all except – | Cord bilirubin 5 or more is an indication. | 157,380 | medmcqa_train |
Xavier and yogender stay in the same hostel of same university. Xavier develops infection due to group B meningococcus. After few days yogender develops infection due to Group C meningococcus. All of the following are true statements except - | Park&;s texbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 23rd edition Page no: 166 Currently available meningococcal vaccines include polysaccharide vaccines and polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines. Both vaccines are available against meaningococci of serogroup A, C, W135 and Y | 157,381 | medmcqa_train |
Phage typing is widely usde for the intraspecies classification of one of the following bateria - | Phages that lyse all the members of genus salmonella species, Bacillus anthracis, and subspecies classical Vibrio cholera. The most impoant application of phage typing is for intraspecies typing of bacteria as in the phage typing of S.typhi and staphylococci. REF:ANANTHANARAYAN AND PANIKER'S TEXTBOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY 9T... | 157,382 | medmcqa_train |
A Patient presents with pain in Meta-Tarso-Phalangeal joints and is a known case of chronic renal failure. This is due to accumulation of: | Ans. b. Uric acid (Ref: Harrison 19/e p2233, 18/e p2837)The underlying basis of gouty arthritis is increased serum uric acid level.Most common joint involved in gout: Meta-Tarso-Phalangeal jointsQPrecipitation of monosodium urate crystalsQ into the joints is the underlying basis for these urate crystals is increased to... | 157,383 | medmcqa_train |
In breast, Copper's ligament extends from subcutaneous tissue to | B. i.e. Pectoral fascia Strands of fibrous tissue (forming the suspensory ligament of Cooper) connect the dermis of overlying skin to the ducts of breast (mammary gland) and pectoral fasciaQ. These suppo mammary gland lobule and help to maintain the protuberence of young breast. They also cause pitting of oedematons sk... | 157,384 | medmcqa_train |
Coarctation of Aoa is most commonly associated wtth- | Coarctation occurs in ~7% of patients with congenital hea disease, is more common in males than females, and is paicularly frequent in patients with gonadal dysgenesis (e.g., Turner syndrome). Clinical manifestations depend on the site and extent of obstruction and the presence of associated cardiac anomalies; most com... | 157,385 | medmcqa_train |
Which prevents plasminogen activators? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Aminocaproic acid o Epsilon amino caproic acid (EACA) competitively inhibits plasminogen activation. | 157,386 | medmcqa_train |
Commonest cardiac lesion in tuberous sclerosis is | Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome with a high incidence of sporadic cases and variable clinical expression. It has an estimated frequency of 1/6000. Major manifestations of TSC include skin lesions in more than 95%, autism and seizures in 85%, kidney disease in 60%, menta... | 157,387 | medmcqa_train |
DNA fingerprinting is based on possessing in DNA of: | Ans. B. Variable number tandem repeatDNA Finger printingThe use of normal genetic variation in the DNA (SNP or VNTR or RFLP) to establish a unique pattern of DNA fragments for an individual.This is also called DNA Profiling.Most commonly used is VNTR or repeat length polymorphism.The process of DNA finger printing was ... | 157,388 | medmcqa_train |
Ekbom's syndrome is seen in | Ekbom's syndrome or Delusional parasitosis is seen in cocaine intoxication where patient feels a sensation of insects crawling over the body. | 157,389 | medmcqa_train |
Stain with parasite having charcot-laden crystals but no pus cells | Ans. is 'c' i.e., E. histolytica Fecal finding in amoebiasis are :- i) Positive test for heme. ii) Paucity (lack) of neutrophils (pus cells). iii) Presence of amebic cysts or trophozoites iv) Charcot-leyden crystals. Remember Charcot leyden crystals are seen in E. histolytica 3. Ascaris pneumonia Whip worm (Trichuris) ... | 157,390 | medmcqa_train |
A 57-year-old boy has been diagnosed to have posterior superior retraction pocket cholesteatoma. All would constitute part of the management, except - | Ans-DMyringoplasty consists of closing a 'central perforation' in the tympanic membrane in the 'tubotympanic type' or 'safe type' of chronic suppurative otitis media. It is not indicated in the unsafe or dangerous type of otitis media with posterosuperior attic perforation.The patient in question is a case of the dange... | 157,391 | medmcqa_train |
Procedure of choice for ptosis in Horner's syndrome? | Procedure of choice of ptosis in Horner syndrome: Fasanella Servat or Mullerectomy in case of good levator action Superior Tarsal muscle or Muller's muscle is the that is responsible for keeping the upper lid in a raised position after the LPS raises it. It is supplied by the sympathetic system. Hence it is involved in... | 157,392 | medmcqa_train |
Dose of i.v. adrenaline in term infant is during neonatal resuscitation - | Ans. is c i.e., 0.1-0.3 mUkg in 1:10,000 Dose or adrenlaine ? 0.1 ml/kg to 0.3 inlikg diluted (1: I0,000) Routs : (1) Intravenous (umbilical vein) or (2) Endotracheal Indication ? HR < 60/min after 30 sec. of positive pressure ventilation & chest compression | 157,393 | medmcqa_train |
Crash in cocaine means | Cocaine Cocaine is a stimulant which increases dopamine. It is available as a powder which is inhaled by nasal route called as SNOING. It can also be used as IV route * Cardiovascular adverse effects * MI * Arrhythmia * SIDS if mother exposed during pregnancy POST COCAINE DEPRESSION is alled CRASH * TREATMENT * dopamin... | 157,394 | medmcqa_train |
Double bubble appearance is seen in: | Ans. B. Duodenal atresiaThe double bubble sign is seen in infants and represents dilatation of the proximal duodenum and stomach. It is seen in both radiographs and ultrasound, and can be identified antenatally The finding is typically pathologic, and implies either duodenal atresia, duodenal web, annular pancreas, and... | 157,395 | medmcqa_train |
A 65-year-old man, with a 45-pack-per-year history of smoking, presents with hematuria and flank pain. He reports no fever, chills, or dysuria, but he has lost 15 lb. On examination the abdomen is soft, no mass is felt, and there is no flank tenderness on percussion. His hemoglobin (Hb) is 18.5 g/dL, and his liver enzy... | Age, history of smoking, and polycythemia in a patient with hematuria strongly suggests a renal cell carcinoma. The elevated hemoglobin represents increased erythropoietin production and is not related to prognosis. Involvement along the renal vein and metastases to the lung is also characteristic of renal cell carcino... | 157,396 | medmcqa_train |
CREST syndrome is an autoimmune condition which is associated with atrophy and fibrosis of the oesophageal musculature resulting in dysphagia and reflux-type symptoms. Which of the following is not a feature of CREST syndrome? | The scleroderma spectrum of disorders are a group of connective tissue diseases inclusive of localized scleroderma (affects skin only), Raynaud's (vasospastic involvement of the fingers) and systemic sclerosis which is itself divided into diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (DCSS) and limited cutaneous systemic sclero... | 157,397 | medmcqa_train |
Assay for lipid peroxidation is: | Free radical measurement can be done by : FOX assay - (Ferrous oxidation in Xylenol) Estimation of Dialdehydes (e.g. MDA- Malon dialdehyde) Pentane and methane measurement in exhaled air | 157,398 | medmcqa_train |
In Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, which muscle is not involved : | Ans. is 'b' & 'd' Vastus medialis and infraspinatus (Ref. O.P. Ghai, 5/e, p 425; Harrison, 17/e p 2682, 2683 & 16/e, p 2528 (15/e, p 2530)). | 157,399 | medmcqa_train |
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