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Stage of contraction of family starts at -
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Leaving home of first child Basic model of nuclear family life cyclePhases of family life cycleEvents characterizingNo. DescriptionBeginning of phaseEnd of phaseI FormationII ExtensionIII Complete extensionIV ContractionV Competed contractionVI DissolutionMarriageBirth of 1st childBirth of last child1...
157,700
medmcqa_train
Most pathogenic species of candida is
C. albicans is most common and most pathogenic.
157,701
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The inheritance pattern of familial retinoblastomas is ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., AD
157,702
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All of the following are true about excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle except that
Ca2+ binds to troponin C (not Tropomyosin) to initiate muscle contraction. Ref: Ganong&;s Review of Medical Physiology 26th edition Pgno: 105
157,703
medmcqa_train
Aqueous humor is produced by the
Aqueous humor is produced by the ciliary processes of the ciliary body. It flows from the posterior chamber, through the pupil, into the anterior chamber, and finally to the canal of Schlemm, which empties into the extraocular/episcleral veins.
157,704
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Met-tRNA would recognize:
Ans. AUG(Ref: Harper 31/e page 395)The first AUG sequence after the marker sequence is defined as the start codon.AUG codon binds with met tRNAI
157,705
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Which of the following tests helps to differentiate between concomitant squint and paralytic squint
Cover tests 1) Direct cover test: It confirms the presence of manifest squint. To perform it, the patient is asked to fixate on a point light. Then, the normal looking eye is covered while observing the movement of the uncovered eye. In the presence of squint the uncovered eye will move in opposite direction to take fi...
157,706
medmcqa_train
Teaching children about the side effects of taking drugs comes under: March 2013 (e)
Ans. D i.e. Primordial prevention Primordial prevention It consists of actions and measures that inhibit the emergence of risk factors in the form of environmental, economic, social, and behavioral conditions and cultural patterns of living etc. For example, many adult health problems (e.g., obesity, hypeension) have t...
157,707
medmcqa_train
Which sinus is present over falx cerebelli?
Occipital sinus is the smallest sinus, situated along the attached margin of falx cerebelli.Straight sinus runs along the line of attachment of falx cerebelli with the tentorium cerebelliInferior petrosal sinus lies in the groove between the petrous temporal bone and clivus of sphenoid.Sigmoid sinus lies between the tw...
157,708
medmcqa_train
Duplex steel is made up of:
Duplex stainless steel is a combination of both ferritic and austenitic grains of stainless steel. The basic chemical composition of duplex stainless steel is an equal mix of ferrite and austenite. This combination creates some very beneficial properties for this family of stainless steels.
157,709
medmcqa_train
While dispatching blood and urine for chemical analysis, sodium fluoride is added as preservative in the following concentration -
10 mg/ml of Na-fluride (i.e. 100 mg/10 ml) is used with 3 mg of potassium oxalate for preserving blood.
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In an Rh negative mother who has delivered an Rh positive baby, prophylactic anti D is indicated:
If the Indirect Coomb's test (ICT) negative
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The limit of loudness expressed as decibels that people can tolerate without substanial damage to their hearing is -
Sound in dB Effect 20 Whispering 40 Quiet library 60 Normal conversation 70 heavy street traffic 80 printing press 85 Recommended maximum 110 Train passing through station 120 Motor car horn 140 Threshold of pain 150-160 Mechanical damage Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 25th edition, Page No. 802
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Highest amount iron is seen in -
Food rich in haem iron are liver, meat, poultry and fish. REF. PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICAL 21ST EDITION. PAGE NO - 622
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Drugs which cause both physical and psychological dependence are
All the above-mentioned drugs produce both physical and psychological dependence in varying degrees Ref: Essentials of postgraduate psychiatry By JN Vyas 1st ed Pg 326
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Which of the following is the shoest acting non-depolarizing muscle relaxant (NDMR) and causes bronchospasm?
Rapacuronium has a rapid onset of action, minimal cardiovascular side effects, and a sho duration of action. It was withdrawn by the manufacturer following several repos of serious bronchospasm, including a few unexplained fatalities. Histamine release may have been a factor. Ref: Morgan, Jr. G.E., Mikhail M.S., Murray...
157,715
medmcqa_train
If stage lb cervical cancer is diagnosed in a young woman, while performing radical hysterectomy which structure would you not remove
Ovaries are not removed in radical hysterectomy if not diseased Types of Hysterectomy Type I : Extrafascial Hysterectomy Simple total abdominal hysterectomy with or without bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy Type II: Modified Radical Hysterectomy Removes the medial half of cardinal and uterosacral ligaments Type II differ...
157,716
medmcqa_train
Maximum margin of excision is needed for:
Margins of excision: Malignant melanoma: Margins to be taken depends on the tumor thickness and depth of invasion* < 1mm thickness - 1 cm margin* 1-4 mm thickness - 2cm margin* > 4mm thickness - 2-3 cm margin BCC: If tumor is non-aggressive involving trunk or extremities -Wide Local Excision If tumor is aggressive invo...
157,717
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The best X Ray view for minimal pleural effusion
D i.e. Lateral decubitus
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A30-years-old primipara in labor with transverse lie. Treatment of choice is:
Ans. is b, i.e. Emergency cesarean sectionRef Dutta Obs. 9/e, p 372; Williams Obs. 22/e, p 510, 23/e, p 478Patients in labor with transverse lie can be managed by external cephalic version followed by surgical rupture of the membrane.But it is important to note that the patient is a primigravida with age 30 years, i.e....
157,719
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Palmer sign seen in pregnancy is?
ANSWER: (B) Rhythmic contaction of uterusREF: Dutta 6th ed p. 65SIGNFEATURESEEN INJacqemiers sign or chadwick's signDusk)!- blue hue of vagina due to congestion8th week of pregnancy and fibroidOslanders signIncreased pulsations felt through lateral fornix8th week and PIDGoodell's signSoftening of cervix when it feels l...
157,720
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18 months old child cellulitis of leg Sp02 88%, no prior history of hospitalization or illness most probable organism is?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Streptococcal pyogenes Cellulitis is characterized by infection and inflammation of loose connective tissue, with limited involvement of the dermis and relative sparing of the epidermis. Streptococcus pyogenes and S. aureus are the most common etiologic agents. Children with relapsed nephrotic syndrom...
157,721
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Provocative Test for detecting CDH?
Ans. b (Barlow test) (Ref Maheshwari orthopedics 4th/87).All newborn babies should be screened for hip instability by a skilled examiner using the Barlow and Ortolani tests. The baby should be relaxed and the hips flexed to 90 degree. It is possible to reduce a dislocated hip by abduction and gentle forward pressure (O...
157,722
medmcqa_train
A 25-year-old man has a negative Dick test and a positive Schick test. These results indicate that he has
The patient has a negative Dick test and a positive Schick test, which indicates that he has neutralizing antibodies against the group A streptococcus that causes scarlet fever. In both tests, the antigen that is injected is the toxin. If neutralizing antibodies are present, they neutralize the toxin and skin reactions...
157,723
medmcqa_train
Commonest intrabronchial cause of haemoptysis is
The two most common causes for haemoptysis are bronchitis and bronchiogenic carcinoma. Bronchitis is not provided amongst the options and hence bronchiogenic carcinoma is the single best answer of choice Ref Harrison 19th edition pg 227
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A female presented with swelling over angle of mouth. Investigation shows pleomorphic adenoma of the superficial lobe.Treatment of choice is:
Pleomorphic adenomas, or benign mixed tumors, are the most common neoplasms of the salivary glands. They represent approximately 60-70% of all parotid tumors and 90% of submandibular benign tumors. The mixture of epithelial, myoepithelial, and stromal elements is represented by the name, benign mixed tumor. Any of thes...
157,725
medmcqa_train
A young woman complains of recurrent rhinitis, nasal discharge and bilateral nasal blockage since one year. She also had history of allergy and asthma. On examination, multiple polyps with mucosal thickening and impacted secretions are seen in nasal, cavities. Biopsy was taken and the material on culture showed many hy...
Patient is suffering from allergic fungal sinusitis caused by aspergillus. Septate hyphae which show dichotonomous branching at 45 degree are characteristics of aspergillus. Allergic fungal sinusitis patients suffer from chronic sinusitis, nasal polyp, asthma and atopy. Ref: Textbook of Microbiology and Immunology By P...
157,726
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Anti - mullerian Hormone is
AMH is a Glycoprotein, declines progressively with menopause.
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Separation for the period of communicability of infected persons in such places or under such conditions as prevent transmission of infectious agent to the susceptible is known as:
Isolation: Separation for the period of communicability of infected persons in such places or under such conditions as prevent transmission of infectious agent to the susceptible. Quarantine: It is the limitation of movement of such well persons or animals exposed to communicable diseases for a period usually not longe...
157,728
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Cellulose is a:
Option b : Cellulose is a non-starch homopolysaccharide Cellulose unbranched, non-starch homopolysaccharide It is made up of glucose molecules linked by beta (1- 4) glucosidic linkages (see fig). This linkage can't be broken down by any human enzyme due to beta anomerism at C-1. Intestinal bacteria ferments cellulose t...
157,729
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Which of the following carries the least risk of Metabolic side effects
Ziprasidone, Aripiprazole & Asenapine carries negligible risk of metabolic side effects like weight gain, hyperlipidemia.
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True regarding Crohn's disease are all except
The skin involvement in Crohn's disease causes erythema nodosum, scleroderma does not occur in Crohn's disease. Other extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn's disease: 1. Migratory polyarthritis            2. Sacroiliitis  3. Ankylosing spondylitis     4. Uveitis 5.. Hepatic pericholangitis         6. Primary scleros...
157,731
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Prolonged treatment with INH leads to a deficiency of?
Isoniazid can cause peripheral neuropathy due to deficiency of pyridoxine.
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Local anesthetics are typically injected or applied very close to their intended site of action. From which of the following routes absorption of local anaesthetic is maximum?
The rate of systemic absorption is propoionate to the vascularity of the site of injection: intravenous > tracheal > intercostal > caudal > paracervical > epidural > brachial plexus > sciatic > subcutaneous. Ref: Morgan, Jr. G.E., Mikhail M.S., Murray M.J. (2006). Chapter 14. Local Anesthetics. In G.E. Morgan, Jr., M.S...
157,733
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True regarding Mitral valve prolapse syndrome is all,except-
MVP, also variously termed the systolic click-murmur syndrome, Barlow's syndrome, floppy-valve syndrome, and billowing mitral leaflet syndrome, MVP is more common in women and occurs most frequently between the ages of 15 and 30 years; Most patients are asymptomatic and remain so for their entire lives. Transient cereb...
157,734
medmcqa_train
Which of the following is a relatively cerebroselective anticholinesterase found to afford symptomatic improvement in Alzheimer&;s disease
Rivastigmine:- This lipophilic relatively cere-broselective ChE inhibitor has been introduced for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Donepezil:- Another centrally acting anti-AChE that has produced cognitive and behavioral improvement in AD. It is long-acting and suitable for once daily administration. Galantamine:- This natura...
157,735
medmcqa_train
Amsel's criteria is used for;
Amsel's criteria is used for diagnosis of Bacterial vaginosis MC Vaginitis Caused by Hemophilus vaginalis aka Gardnerella vaginalis Amsel's criteria - >= 3 out of 4 required for diagnosis of Bacterial vaginosis Creamy discharge Whiff test + Fishy odor Clue cells
157,736
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Steroids are indicated in all of the following forms of tuberculosis except.
Ans. (C) Ileo-caecal tuberculosis(Ref: Katzung 10/e p1263; KDT 8/e p319)*If used in intestinal tuberculosis, steroids can result in silent perforation, therefore are contra-indicated in ileo-caecal tuberculosis.
157,737
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Spontaneous CSF leak occurs in all except -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Increased intracranial tensionWe are not sure of the answer.We have gone for increased intracranial tension because spontaneous C.S.F. leak is associated with intracranial hypotension.Increased intracranial tension is not associated with spontaneous C.S.F. leak.All other options mentioned in the quest...
157,738
medmcqa_train
Following is associated with maximum risk of invasive cervical cancer:-
HSV & HIV predisposes more to pre invasive cervical cancer than invasive disease. Severity of dysplasia is directly propoional to malignancy. HPV 16 is the most common association, HPV 18 is this most malignant association with ca cervix LSIL (CIN I) , HSIL (CIN II and CIN III) and carcinoma in situ (CIS) are degrees o...
157,739
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A 40 years old man presents with a recurrent hemoptysis and purulent cough. X-ray was found to be normal. To next investigation done to aid in diagnosis is :
B i.e. Bronchoscopy As a rule, you can remember, for almost all cases of hemoptysis the investigation of choice is Bronchoscopy followed by HRCT; Except for hemoptysis associated with parenchymal (interstitial) lung disease where investigatim of choice is HRCT> Bronchoscopy, and in suspected bronchitis where you observ...
157,740
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Ionophores have following action except
Hydrophilic in character  Inophors are lipophilic (not hydrophilic). Inophors inhibit ATP formation by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation by abolishing proton gradient or pH gradient.
157,741
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Which of the following nerves transmits impulses originating from the vestibular apparatus?
The vestibular poion of cranial nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve) carries impulses from the vestibular apparatus to the vestibular ganglion, which then conveys the impulses to the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem.
157,742
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Antibodies most commonly seen in drug induced lupus are:
Answer is D (Antihistone Antibodies): The most commonly used marker for drug induced lupus is Antihistone Antibodies. Drug Induced Lupus is characterized serologically by the presence of Anti-Histone Antibodies and the absence of antibodies against double stranded DNA (dsDNA Antibody Negative; Anti-Histone Antibody Pos...
157,743
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About Ectopia vesicae, following is true except -
Ectopia vesicae is associated with epispadias in which dorsal or upwards curvature of penis is noted. Ventral curvature is noted in hypospadias.
157,744
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Frisch bacillus affects most commonly -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Noseo Frisch bacillus is Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis, which causes rhinoscleroma, a granulomatous disease of nose.Bacteria and their alternate nameso Bordetellao Clostridium tetanio Corynebacterium diphtheriaeo Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosiso Haemophilus aegypticuso Haemophilus influenzao Klebsiel...
157,745
medmcqa_train
Measles shows age distribution. It is found most commonly in which age group?
Impoant diseases & their age distribution: Measles - 6 months to 3 years Mumps - 5-9yrs Chicken pox - 5-9yrs Rheumatic fever - 5 to 15 years Cancers, Cataract - >50 years Rota virus - younger infants Diabetes , HTN, CHD - > 40yrs
157,746
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All of the following substances can cause seizures except
Lamotrigine is antiepilepticDrugs and Other Substances That Can Cause SeizuresAlkylating agents (e.g., busulfan, chlorambucil)Antimalarials (chloroquine, mefloquine)Antimicrobials/antiviralsb-lactam and related compoundsQuinolonesAcyclovirIsoniazidGanciclovirAnesthetics and analgesicsMeperidineFentanylTramadolLocal ane...
157,747
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Death caused by rash and negligent of doctor is punishable under
Refer the byte "Legal sections".
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Ductopenic cholestasis is seen in all, EXCEPT:
Disappearance of bile ducts, "ductopenic" cholestasis is seen with carbamazepine, chlorpromazine, tricyclic antidepressant agents. Reference: Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition, Page 2560
157,749
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False regarding cecal voluvus:
CECAL VOLVULUS -Misnomer -Involvement of ileum, cecum, transverse colon; Not only cecum. -Correct name should have been Cecocolic volvulus. -Volvulus is Mainly clockwise. -Caecum is relatively fixed. | If free or mobile | Increased chances of torsion *Predisposing factors:- -Multipara patients (due to release of relaxi...
157,750
medmcqa_train
Which of the following disease is more common in patients with alfa 1 antitrypsin deficiency?
Alfa 1 antitrypsin is an inhibitor of proteinase 3. Antiproteinase antibodies are seen in Wegeners granulamatosis. Ref: Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition, Page 2343
157,751
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Low dose progestational contraceptives primarily act on
Progesterone in bih control pills thickens cervical mucus (primary action): hinders the travel of sperm to the uterus and making it hard for sperm to enter the tubes and feilise the egg. thins the lining of the uterus: makes implantation unlikely. Progestogen only pills are generally less effective than other forms of ...
157,752
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Stye is an acute suppurative inflammation of
EXTERNAL HORDEOLUM (STYE) It is an acute suppurative inflammation of gland of the Zeis. Etiology: Causative organism commonly involved is Staphylococcus aureus. Signs : 1) Stage of cellulitis is characterised by localised, hard, red, tender swelling at the lid margin associated with marked oedema 2) Stage of abscess ...
157,753
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Features of vernal keratitis are:
A i.e. Papillary hyperophy
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Hydrocele is a type of ..... cyst -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Exudation
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Which is not true regarding the basisbof functional divisionsnof liver
All of the given option are true. If we have to choose one, most preferred option is 'liver is divided into 8 segments' because sometimes segment IX is described. Segment IX is a recent subdivision of segment I, and describes that pa of the segment that lies posterior to segment VIII Current understanding of the functi...
157,756
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Term used for death of full family suicide is
(D) Familicide# FAMILICIDE is a type of murder or murder-suicide in which at least one spouse and one or more children are killed, or in which a parent or parents and possibly other relatives such as siblings and grandparents are killed.> In some cases all of the family members' lives are taken. If only the parents are...
157,757
medmcqa_train
Marble bone disease is
(Osteopetrosis): (307- Malushwari 4th edition)OSTEOPETROSIS (Marble bones, Alber's - Schonberg disease)* Characterised by dense but brittle bones* Autosomal dominant disorderCP-* Pathological fractures* Cranial nerve compression]---Due to bone encroachment on foramena* Jaw osteomyelitis (After tooth extraction)* Anemia...
157,758
medmcqa_train
An entity of pneumothorax which leads to build up of positive pressure within the hemithorax, leading to collapse of lung, flattened diaphragm, mediastinal shift to contralateral side and eventually the venous return to the right side of hea is compromised is known as
During inspiration,air is pumped into the pleural cavity through a valvular opening in the visceral pleura and underlying injured lung,leading to build up of positive pressure within the hemithorax.Lung collapses first,and as air continuously collects in the pleural cavity,mediastinum shifts towards the oppposite side,...
157,759
medmcqa_train
Which of the following signs is not suggestive of a cervical spinal cord injury :
Answer is B (Increased Rectal Sphincter tone): Cervical spinal cord injury is associated with a decreased rectal sphincter tone (and not an increased rectal sphincter tone).
157,760
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Milk is deficient in?
a. Iron and Vit C(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 286-290, Ghai 8/e p 150-161)About the options:IronIron content (1mg/L) in cow & breast milk makes it difficult to maintain body iron & meet RDA of infant (8-10mg). Breastfed infants absorb iron 2-3 times more efficiently than infants fed cow's milkVit CInfants consuming pasteurize...
157,761
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Which of the following is not true regarding schirmer test:-
The Schirmer's I test Measures combined basal and reflex tear secretion Relatively specific, but poorly sensitive Eyes closed / blink normally for 5 minutes Not useful in non co-operative adults and children Amount of wetting >10mm -normal 5-10mm -borderline < 5 mm is abnormal 5-minute Schirmer test with and without an...
157,762
medmcqa_train
Hay's sulpher test is used to detect w hich of the following -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Bile salts in urineTestsUsed foro Rothera's test (nitroprusside test)o Gerhardt's test (ferric chloride test)Ketone bodies in urine acetone and acetoacetateKetone bodies in urine acetoacetate.o Benedict's testo Fchling's testReducing sugars in urine Reducing sugars in urineo Hay's sulpher testBile sal...
157,763
medmcqa_train
Serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase maximum increased in
A. i.e. (Alcoholism) (107- U. Satyanarayan 3rd) (600- Rana -Shinde 7th)Important enzymes in the diagnosis of disease* SGPT / ALT- Liver disease (Hepatitis)* SGOT/AST- MI & Liver disease* LDH- MI, Infective hepatitis* CPK- Myocardial infarction* Aldolase- Muscular dystrophy* 5 - Nucleotidase- Hepatitis* Y- Glutamyl- tra...
157,764
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The EEG rhythm having lowest frequency is-
Ans. C. DeltaThe various types of EEG waveforms are depicted below-
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A pregnant female presents with pain in abdomen on examination, tenderness is found in right lumbar region. TLC is 12000/cmm. and urine examination is normal.For diagnosis further test done is -->
Ans. is 'b' ultrasound abdomen [Ref Love & Bailey 24/e p. 1211 (23rd/e p. 1084)Ultrasound is a useful diagnostic method in a pregnant female presenting with right iliac fossa pain to exclude tubal or ovarian disease
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Best site for collection of specimen for N. meningitides ?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Nasopharyngeal swab Best site for specimen collection for meningococci :? For cases - CSF (by lumbar puncture) For carriers - Nasopharyngeal swab As CSF is not there in options, examiner is, most probably, asking about specimen in carrier. Laboratory diagnosis of meningococcal infection Specimens CSF ...
157,767
medmcqa_train
The effective medical therapies for variceal bleeding in the setting of cirrhosis of liver are all, EXCEPT:
MEDICAL THERAPIES FOR VARICEAL BLEEDING: Somatostatin and octreotide cause selective splanchnic vasoconstriction and lower poal pressure. Vasoactive drugs (e.g., octreotide, somatostatin, terlipressin are as effective as sclerotherapy for controlling variceal bleeding. Octreotide is the drug of choice as an adjunct to ...
157,768
medmcqa_train
What is meant by Superfecundation?
* Superfecundation is the feilization of two or more ova from the same cycle by sperm from separate acts of sexual intercourse, which can lead to twin babies from two separate biological fathers. * The term superfecundation is derived from fecund, meaning the ability to produce offspring REF : DUTTA BOOK OF OBESTETRICS
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The effect of thiopentone on the CNS is quickly terminated because of:
Thiopentone is a ultra sho acting barbiturates ,its action is terminated because of redistribution . thiopentone is highly lipid soluble ,after i.v injection consciousness is regained in 6-10 minutes due to redistribution ,while the ultimate disposal occurs by metabolism. Greater the lipid solubility of the drug ,faste...
157,770
medmcqa_train
In HCC
Clinical features of HCC Vascular bruit (25%) GI bleed (10%) Tumor rupture (2-5%) Jaundice due to biliary obstruction (10%) Paraneoplastic syndrome (<5%) Ref:Sabiston 20th edition Pgno : 1456-1463
157,771
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True about competitive inhibition with first order kinetics
Ans. (a) Km increased, Vmax sameType of InhibitionKmVmaxCompetitive inhibitionINCREASEDSAMENon-competitive inhibitionSameDECREASEDCompetitive Inhibtion: Substrate and inhibitor, both compete for same site on enzyme.Non-competitive Inhibition: Substrate and inhibitor both bind at different sites in the enzyme.
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Most common type of astigmatism in keratoconus is
Keratoconus usually have irregular astigmatism * B/L Non inflammatory ectatic condition of cornea Clinical Presentation * Young females with constantly changing power of glasses with myopia & high cylinder and irregular astigmatism SIGNS IN KERATOCONUS Munson sign Enlarged corneal nerves Oil droplet reflex( on DDO) Riz...
157,773
medmcqa_train
Kussmaul's sign is NOT seen in: March 2011
Ans. D: Cardiac tamponade A positive Kussmaul sign is rare in cardiac tamponade Davidson's (21st ed., p-542) includes Kussmaul's sign as a clinical feature of pericardial/ cardiac tamponade Normal physiology: Ordinarily the JVP falls with inspiration due to reduced pressure in the expanding thoracic cavity. Kussmaul's ...
157,774
medmcqa_train
A 50 year old breast cancer patient presents with breathlessness. What does the ECG show?
HR is about 150/min with variation in electrical axis due to fluctuation in amplitude of QRS complex on beat to beat variation. Malignancies like breast cancer and lung cancer can metastasize to the hea leading to cardiac tamponade.
157,775
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Average gain of Height in the first year is?
Square root of the month of the baby. Till he reaches 7 months Ref- OP. Ghai ,9th edition, Page 14
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This type of psoriasis is commonly seen in children and may follow a streptococcal sore throat –
Guttate psoriasis occurs in children and adults. It is precipitated by URTI (e.g. streptococcal tonsilitis)
157,777
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Which is the true statement regarding megaloblasitc anemia-
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Megaloblastic precursors are present in bone marrow; 'b' i.e., Mean corpuscular volume is increased; 'c' i.e., Serum LDH is increased Option a & b have been explained already. o Serum LDH is increased in megaloblastic anemia because of the following two processes that occur in megaloblastic anemia. 1....
157,778
medmcqa_train
Acute angle closure glaucoma first line treatment?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., I.V. Mannitol Treatment of angle closure glaucoma Definitive treatment (treatment of choice) is surgery. However, intially drugs are used to decrease KW during an acute attack. Approach of treatment is as follows:- Sta i.v. mannitol or i.v. acetazolamide When IOT stas falling, sta topical pilocarpine ...
157,779
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Duhamel operation is done in -
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Hirschsprung's disease
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Which of the following structure is not affected in protein denaturation?
Ans. (a) Primary structureRef: Harper's Biochemistry, 30lh ed. pg. 26-29, 618-19 |PROTEIN DENATURATION* In quaternary structure denaturation, protein sub-units are dissociated and/or the spatial arrangement of protein subunits is disrupted.* Primary structure, such as the sequence of amino acids held together by covale...
157,781
medmcqa_train
Most common cause of aortic aneurysm is -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Atherosclerosis Aneurysmo Aneurysm is a localized abnormal dilatation of blood vessel or the wall of hearto When an aneurysm is bounded by true arterial wall, it is called a true aneurysm.o When wall, is ruptured and there is collection of blood outside the vessel wall {extravaseular hematoma) that is...
157,782
medmcqa_train
A patient of Crohn's disease underwent resection anastomosis. Now present on 7th postoperative day with anastomotic leak from a fistula. Every day leakage volume adds up to 150-200 mL. There is no intra-abdominal collection and the patient is stable without any complaints. What will be next line of management?
Ans. (a) Conservative treatment and leave him and hope for the spontaneous resolutionRef: Sabiston 19th edition, Pages 1270-1272* As long as the patient has no signs of sepsis we can wait -- the waiting can be maximum for 4-6 weeks.* Only after 6 weeks we will plan for surgery: Excision of fistula and segmental resecti...
157,783
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A 7 year old boy presented with generalized edema. Urine examination revealed marked albuminuria. Serum biochemical examinations showed hypoalbuminemia with hyperlipidemia. Kidney biopsy was undeaken. On light microscopic examination, the kidney appeared normal. Electron microscopic examination is most likely to reveal
Minimal change disease(MCD)Also known as nil lesion or lipoid nephrosis Causes 70-90% of the Nephrotic syndrome in childhood but only 10-15% of the Nephrotic syndrome in adultsCan be associated with Hodgkin&;s disease, allergies, NSAIDs, HIVClinical and laboratory findings: Abrupt onset of edema and nephrotic syndrome ...
157,784
medmcqa_train
Following muscles are the abductors of eye except (NOT RELATED)
Superior rectus The superior rectus muscle is one of the extraocular muscles. It is innervated by the superior division of the oculomotor nerve. In the primary posi on (looking straight ahead), the superior rectus muscle's primary func on is eleva on, although it also contributes to intorsion and adduc on. Superior obl...
157,785
medmcqa_train
The following smooth muscle relaxants act by affecting calcium release except
Prazosin is alpha-1 blocker .
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Ig seen in breast milk & secretions:
Ans: a (IgA) Ref: Ananthanarayan, 7th ed, p. 88, 89Serum IgA is the major Ig in colostrums, saliva & tears.It is concentrated in secretions and on mucus surfaces forming an antibody paste.It is important in immunity against respiratory & intestinal pathogens.Properties of Immunoglobulins:IgMIgG* Maximum intravascular c...
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All are true about mammary gland, except
BREAST/MAMMARY GLAND: It is found in both sexes, but rudimentary in the male. It is a modified sweat gland. It forms an impoant accessory organ of the female reproductive system and provides nutrition to the newborn in the form of milk. SITUATION: The breast lies in the superficial fascia of the pectoralis region. It i...
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The interstitial lung disease (ILD) showing granulomas on lung biopsy is
Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease characterised by the presence of noncaseating granulomas.The granuloma is the pathologic hallmark of sarcoidosis. Desquamative interstitial pneumonia Is characterised by extensive accumulation of macrophages in intraalveolar spaces with minimal interstitial fibrosis.Granulomas are...
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Most common malignancy of liver in children is:
Hepatoblastoma is the most common malignancy of the liver in children, with most of these tumors diagnosed before 4 years of age. Hepatocellular carcinoma is the next most common, with a peak incidence between 10 and 15 years of age. Ref: Schwaz's principle of surgery 9th edition, chapter 39.
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New born male baby presented with congestive heart failure. On examination enlarged fontanelles, a loud cranial bruit and following radiological finding was noted-the most likely diagnosis:
Ref. Grainger and Allison's Diagnostic Radiology. Page. 189
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Spironolactone should not be given with ?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., ACE inhibitors o Spironolactone is a potassium sparing diuretic, therefore, it can cause hyperkalemia decreasing the potassium diuresis. o ACE inhibitors can also cause hyperkalemia by inhibiting the production of angiotensin I, an inmmediate precursor of angiotensin II. Angiotensin causes excretion o...
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Late complication of elbow dislocation
Myositis ossificans: MYOSITIS OSSIFICANS * Acquired development of non neoplastic heterotopic ossification within soft tissues * Most often in response to localized trauma * Although the process most commonly develops within skeletal muscle, the term itself is a misnomer, because nonmuscular tissue may be involved, and...
157,793
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A neonate presented with fever, lethargy, abdominal distension, vomiting and constipation. Clinically he was diagnosed as volvulus neonatarum with suspected perforation. The best investigation would be –
Volvulus neonatorum The fetal alimentary canal returns from the extraembryonic coelom into the abdomen at 8-10 weeks and the bowel undergoes rotation and fixation at certain points by the attachment of its mesentery to the posterior abdominal wall. When the process is incomplete or deviates from the normal plan, the ...
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Which of the following statement is true -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Cohort study involves large number of subjects* Prevalence of blindness in India: 700 per 1 lakh population (0.7%) if cut of criteria is < 3/60 (WHO criteria); or 1100 per lakh population (1.1%) if cut of criteria is < 6/60 (NPCB criteria).
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Cottel's test is used to test the patency of the nares in:
Ans: C (Deviated nasal symptom) Ref: Diseases of the Ear Nose and Throat by PL Dhingra 5th edn 2010.Page 164-165Explanation:In this test (he cheek is pulled laterally and subjective improvement in the airway is assessedIf there is relief in nasal obstruction then the test is positive and indicates an abnormality in the...
157,796
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A 38 year old woman being treated for hypeension and diabetes has the sudden onset of swelling and tenderness of the wrists and knees. On examination she is febrile and flushed. A friction rub can be heard at the left lower sterna border. Which of the following drug is most likely the cause of these findings?
Hydralazine Drug induced lupus refers to a form of lupus caused by medication, it causes some symptoms similar to those of SLE (ahritis, rash, fever, and chest pain, but no kidney involvement ) that go away when the drug is Stopped common medications that may cause drug-induced lupus include hydralazine (Apresoline), p...
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An elderly female presents to the emergency depament and was found to have a transmural myocardial infarction. Based on her ECG, she was staed on thrombolytie therapy with streptokinase. On fuher examination, which of the following findings would indicate that the thrombolytic therapy is risky and should be stopped
Ans. c. Significant pericardial effusion on echocardiography Fibrinolytics and anticoagulants can be continued in case of pericarditis, however, once significant pericardial effusion develops after MI, fibrinolytics should be discontinued "The risk of post MI pericardial effusion is not increased with the use of fibrin...
157,798
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Non-appearance of social smile even after ..... weeks, is considered as abnormal: September 2011
Ans. D: 8 weeks Child stas smiling back (social smile) when anyone talks to him or smiles at him by 6-8 weeks of age Impoant milestones: Head control: 1 month Sits with suppo: 5 months Transfer object from one hand to other: 6 months Crawls at: 8 months Says mama dada: 10 months Babies know his/ her gender: 3 years Can...
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