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A drug not effective in Multiple Myeloma is?
Hydroxyurea REF: Harrison 17th ed chapter 106 Drugs used in chemotherapy of multiple myeloma are: Melphan Thalidomide Lenalidomide Cyclophosphamide Vincristine Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) and liposomal doxorubici
158,500
medmcqa_train
Which of following is true about allodynia?
*Allodynia describes the situation in which a non painful stimulus ,once perceived ,is experienced as painful ,even excruciating . Allodynia refers to central pain sensitization (increased response of neurons) following normally non-painful, often repetitive, stimulation. Allodynia can lead to the triggering of a pain ...
158,501
medmcqa_train
In pseudomyxoma peritonei, mucinous cyst-adenocarcinoma of which following organ is involved:
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Mucinous ascites Caused by ruptured Appendiceal or Ovarian Adenocarcinoma MC primary cause - Appendix > ovary Incidence- male = female Usually seen in 4th - 5th decade Peritoneal cavity is filled with mucinous substances (JELLY like) creates pressure in abdomen compressing the bowel & simultaneou...
158,502
medmcqa_train
Low serum haptoglobin in hemolysis is masked by ?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Bile duct obstruction Haptoglobin o Haptoglobin is a transpo glycoprotein which binds free hemoglobin in plasma and carries it to the reticuloendothelial system. It is synthesized in the liver. o A decrease in haptoglobin levels (with normal liver function) occurs when there is excess of hemoglobin in...
158,503
medmcqa_train
Right axis detion is seen In all except-
Right axis detion also may occur as a normal variant (paicularly in children and young adults), as a spurious finding due to reversal of the left and right arm electrodes, or in conditions such as right ventricular overload (acute or chronic), infarction of the lateral wall of the left ventricle, dextrocardia, left pne...
158,504
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Antral puncture is done through
Antral puncture and irrigation: Sinus cavity is irrigated with a cannula passed through the inferior meatus. Removal of pus and exudates helps the sinus mucosa to reve to normal. Ref: Dhingra 7e pg 219.
158,505
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Investigation of choice in whole body imaging in metastasis is -
Best investigation for bony metastasis is MRI. MRI has almost 100% sensitivity in detecting bony metastasis Investigation of choice for whole body screening for bony metastasis is Bone scan Intial investigation in symptomatic bone pain is Radiography CT is used in evaluation of focal abnormalities of bone scan and also...
158,506
medmcqa_train
Treatment for achlasia associated with high rate of recurrence :
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Botulinum toxin Treatment of Achalasia The aim of treatment is to be relieve the functional obstruction at the cardia The two main methods to achieve this are I) Forceful dilatation or 2) Esophageal myotomy (Heller's myotomy) with or without an antireflux procedure 1) Forceful dilatation (pneumatic di...
158,507
medmcqa_train
Most potent stimulus for secretin secretion is
Protein / acid in duodenum is the most potent stimulus for secretion of secretin.
158,508
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Standard treatment of whole-brain radiotherapy (WB) for brain Metastasis :
Ans. B, 30 grays (Gy) in 10 fractionsWhole-brain radiotherapy (WB) to 30 grays (Gy) in 10 fractions - Standard treatment in patients with multiple brain metastases.Current study investigated the potential benefit of dose escalation beyond 30 Gy.
158,509
medmcqa_train
Which of the following statement regarding Rota virus is false?
Rota virus is a double stranded RNA virus belonging to the family Reoviridae. The RNA is enclosed in a triple layered, non enveloped icosahedral capsid. It is one of the commonest cause for watery diarrhoea in children. Oral rehydration therapy is the most appropriate treatment of choice.
158,510
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Which of the following phospholipid is associated with apoptosis?
Lipid bilayer is asymmetric. Phosphatidylserine and phosphatidyl ethanolamine are located in the inner leaflet Lecithin and sphingomyelin are located in the outer leaflet. Flipping of phosphatidylserine to outer membrane is seen in apoptosis. This is the basis of annexin V assay
158,511
medmcqa_train
Which of the following malignancy is associated with invasion of Voex Vein?
Malignant melanoma of the choroid is the most common primary intraocular tumor of adults usually between the age group 40-70 years. It is rare in blacks and is more common in whites. It arise from the neural crest derived pigment cells of the uvea as a solitary tumor and is usually unilateral. This tumor during the sta...
158,512
medmcqa_train
A Female health worker has to teach women in Urban slum about ORS preparation. Best method will be
Demonstration -Is a carefully planned presentation where idea is to show ' how to perform' a skill/procedure Two principles : 1. Seeing is believing 2. learning by doing
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Which of the following Inhalation anaesthesia agent is Hepatotoxic:
Side effects of inhalation anesthetics Halothane: Auto immune hepatitis Disrupts dual blood supply Respiratory depression Sevoflurane Produce Comp A (nephrotoxic) Day care surgery Inhalational induction agent of choice Pediatric population Isoflurane Coronary steel phenomenon Procaine Local anesthetic Used in cataract ...
158,514
medmcqa_train
Degenerated neurofilaments seen in patients with Alzheimer's disease are:
Neurofibrillary tanglesThe build-up manifests in two ways:Plaques- deposits of the protein beta-amyloid that accumulate in the spaces between nerve cells Tangles - deposits of the protein tau that accumulate inside of nerve cellsBoth amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are clearly visible by microscopy in brain...
158,515
medmcqa_train
Pepsinogen is secreted by
Chief or zymogen or peptic cells secrete pepsiongens.Parietal or oxyntic cells secrete HCl and intrinsic factor.These cells are located in the body of stomach, including the fundus.(Ref: Ganong&;s Review of medical physiology, 23 rd edition, page 431)
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medmcqa_train
In the work of breathing, tissue resistance contributes ___% fraction:
Work done = load x displacement. In the context of lungs, load is analogous to pressure and displacement is volume expansion of lungs. Hence, work of breathing = DP X DV. Thus, work done can be calculated as area covered under the inspiratory curve in compliance diagram. Of the total inspiratory work, 65% work is elast...
158,517
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Snow banking is typically seen in:
A i.e. Pars planitis Pars planitis (intermediate uveitis) presents with snow ball opacities Q which coalesce to form a grey white plaque called snow banking Q
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Non visualization of gastric fundic bubble with air-fluid level in retrocardiac region suggests:September 20003
Ans. C i.e. Achalasia cardia
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Which of the ITIowing mosquitoes is invohed in the spread of-Japanese encephalitis ?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Culex
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Which of the following is a content of dentinal tubules
Contents of Dentinal tubule Odontoblastic process Afferent Nerve terminal Dendrites of antigen presenting cell Dentinal fluid intratubular dentin
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Reducing sugar in urine can be detected by ?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the aboveDetection of reducing sugars Reducing propey of sugars in alkaline solution is utilized for both qualitative and quantitative determination of sugars. Reagent containing Cu' ions are most commonly used. These are generally alkaline solution of cupric sulfate :-Benedict's quantitative r...
158,522
medmcqa_train
Ulcerative colitis what is seen?
Cryptitis The pathology in ulcerative colitis typically involves distoion of crypt architecture, inflammation of crypts (cryptitis), frank crypt abscess, and hemorrhage or inflammatory cells in the lamina propria. Pathology of ulcerative colitis. Macroscopic features Ulcerative colitis is a mucosal disease that usually...
158,523
medmcqa_train
Parachute reflex disappears by: March 2013 (c, f)
Ans. D i.e. Persists Parachute (forward) reflex When:This occurs from about 9 months of age and persists. What:If the baby is held in a position where he is dropped forward, he will outstretch his hands. This is one of the baby milestones that is protective for falling.
158,524
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All are true regarding vitamin D, except ?
Ans. is 'b' i.e., 1-hydroxylation in liver
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Marjolin ulcer
.marjolin&;s ulcer is the name given to a malignancy ( usually a squamous cell carcinoma ) which arise in any long standing wound or a scar mostly scar of an old burn it grows slowly as it is avascular it is painless
158,526
medmcqa_train
Proprioception is carried by which fibers?
Ans. is'a'i.e., Fasciculus cuneatus and fasciculus gracilis(Ref: Guyton 12th/e p. 573)Posterior column (Dorsal column) (Fasciculus Gracilis and Fasciculus Cuneatus) carriesProprioception (Position of body or limb, position of joint)VibrationFine touch (two point discrimination, topognosis, stereognosis).Kinesthesia
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Persistent bucconasal membrane result in
Ans. b (Choanal atresia). (Ref. Diseases of ENT, PL Dhingra, 3rd ed., 78, 210, 510)# Persistant bucconasal membrane leads to choanal atresia.Choanal atresia# Is a autosomal recessive trait in which the posterior choanae unilaterally or bilaterally fail to develop properly.# Persistent bucconasal membrane is the basic e...
158,528
medmcqa_train
Empirical treatment for meningococcal meningitis is:
Ans. (A) Ceftriaxone(Ref: Harrison 19/e p767)Drug of choice for treatment of meningococcal meningitis is Penicillin G. But for empirical treatment we need to cover other likely organisms too. So, ceftriaxone is preferred that will also cover H. influenzae. Vancomycin is usually added to cover other organisms also.
158,529
medmcqa_train
Pheochromocytoma are tumours of:
Ans. B. Adrenal medullaPheochromocytoma are a type of tumor of the adrenal glands that can release high levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine. As the name implies, the "ad-renal" glands are located near the "renal" area. Someone with a pheochromocytoma usually has three classic symptoms, headache, sweating, and hear...
158,530
medmcqa_train
Primary peritonitis is more common in females because :
Ans. is a i.e. Ostia of fallopian tubes communicate with abdominal cavity Primary peritonitis refers to inflammation of peritoneal cavity without a documented source of contamination. "It occurs more commonly in children than adults and in women than in men. The later distribution is explained by entry of organisms int...
158,531
medmcqa_train
Rhomboid major is supplied by which type of neuron-
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Multipolar * All skeletal muscles are supplied by motor neurons which are multipolar neurons.* There are following types of neurons1) Unipolor neurons These neurons have one process, with different segments (of that one process) serving as dendrite (receptive surfaces) as well as axons (releasing term...
158,532
medmcqa_train
SIADH secretion is seen in all except -
Ref - geekymedics.com
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All of the following provisions are included in the primary health care according to the Alma Ata declaration except
Ans. c. Provision of free medicines Primary Health Care The Alma Ata Conference has defined primary health care as -- an essential health care made universally accessible to individuals and acceptable to them, through their full paicipation and at a cost the community and country can The Alma -- Ata Declaration has out...
158,534
medmcqa_train
True about first order kinetics is:
Ans. d. The rate of elimination is proportional to the plasma concentration (Ref: Katzung 12/e p43-44: KDT 7/e p30-31, 6/e p31-32)Rate of elimination is proportional to plasma concentrationQ first order kinetics (Linear kinetics).First Order Kinetics (Linear kinetics)Zero Order Kinetics (Non linear Kinetics)* Constant ...
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medmcqa_train
A 35-year-old female presents with recurrent renal stone. What is not advised?
Low-calcium diets increase the risk of the incident stone formation. Low-calcium diets lead to the stone formation by reducing the amount of calcium to bind oxalate in the intestine- | urine oxalate levels.
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The tensile strength of wound after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a 30 years old woman depends upon:
The recovery of tensile strength results from the excess of collagen synthesis over collagen degradation during the first 2 months of healing, and, at later times, from structural modifications of collagen fibers (cross-linking, increased fiber size) after collagen synthesis ceases. 'Recovery of Tensile Strength: Fibri...
158,537
medmcqa_train
A 53-year-old woman with known kidney disease presents to a hospital because her pain has become increasingly more severe. A physician performing kidney surgery must remember that:
The left renal vein runs anterior to both the aoa and the left renal aery.. The right renal aery runs behind the IVC and is longer than the left renal aery. Because of the large size of the right lobe of the liver, the right kidney lies a little lower than the left kidney. 4 coverings around the kidney from inside to o...
158,538
medmcqa_train
The major role of 2,3 DPG in RBC includes
The normal BPG in the blood keeps the O2-hemoglobin dissociation curve shifted slightly to the right all the time. In hypoxic conditions that last longer than a few hours, the quantity of BPG in the blood increases considerably, thus shifting the O2-hemoglobin dissociation curve even faher to the right. This shift caus...
158,539
medmcqa_train
A lady on long term hemodialysis developed carpel tunnel syndrome. The cause was diagnosed to be amyloidosis by using a biopsy. What is the type of amyloid that is seen?
Ans. is 'a' i.e. Beta 2 microglobulin Dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA) is a disorder caused by tissue deposition of beta2 microglobulin as amyloid fibrils.The clearance of beta2 microglobulin, a component of the major histocompatibility complex that is present on cell surfaces, normally occurs by glomerular filtratio...
158,540
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Contrast used for MRI –
Gadolinium is the most commonly used MR contrast agent.
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True about diabetic mother is :
Ans. is b i.e. High incidence of congenital hea anomalies is common
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Earliest presentation of Friedrich's ataxia is?
Answer is A (Ataxia): In most patients ataxia of gait and stance is the first manifestation of the disease.- Clinical Neurology by Goetz 2"d/742 Friedreich's ataxia presents with progressive staggering gait, frequent falling and titubation- Harrison Note: The first pathological changes in Friendreich's Ataxia are thoug...
158,543
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Laproscopic tubal ligation contraindication -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Postpartum state "The operation is done in the interval period, concurrent with the vaginal termination of pregnancy or 6 weeks following delivery. Should not be done within 6 weeks following delivery."
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All are the Complication of CVP line except -
IMMEDIATE: Failure of procedure Pneumothorax Haemothorax Retroperitoneal haematoma Aerial puncture Local haematoma Guidewire-induced arrhythmia Thoracic duct injury Guide wire embolism Air embolism EARLY: catheter blockage chylothorax catheter knots LATE: Infection : 2.5 infections/ 1000 catheter days catheter fracture...
158,545
medmcqa_train
which of the following is derived from surface ectoderm-
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Lens PrecursorDerivativesNeural ectodermSmooth muscle of the iris, opticle vesicle and cup, iris epithelium, ciliary epithelium, Part of the vitreous, Retina, Retinal pigment epithelium, fibres of the opric nerve.Surface ectodermConjunctiva] epithelium , Corneal epithelium. Lacrimal glands, Tarsal gla...
158,546
medmcqa_train
Golden S is seen in
Golden "S" sign is a Reverse "S" sign seen on Frontal Chest Radiograph In patients with Bronchogenic Ca with Right Upper lobe collapse Lower convexity of the Reverse S is due to the mass Upper concavity of the "S" is due to Right UPPER LOBE atelectasis with the upward shifting of the horizontal fissure.
158,547
medmcqa_train
The structure marked A begins to close by what time frame and due to what cause?
The structure marked is ductus aeriosus which begins to close 10-15 hours after bih due to withdrawal of prostaglandins and exhibits functional closure by 7 days and anatomical closure by 4 weeks after bih.
158,548
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All are indicated in a 30-year-old patient with increased serum cystine and multiple renal stones except:
The clinical diagnosis of profile given in the question is CYSTINURIA . Cystinuria- AR,defect in re-absorptive transpo of cystine and the dibasic amino acids ornithine, arginine, and lysine from the luminal fluid of the renal proximal tubule and small intestine. Urinalysis- hexagonal shaped crystals: pathognomonic of c...
158,549
medmcqa_train
A Ten year old boy presents to the pediatric emergency unit with seizures. Blood pressure in the upper extremity measured as 200/140 mm Hg. Femoral pulses were not palpable. The most likely diagnosis amongst the following is:
Answer is D (Coarctation of Aoa) Isolated upper extremity hypeension (200 / 140 mm Hg), together with absent/ diminished femoral pulses is a characteristic feature of coarctation of aoa. Although coarctation of aoa does not commonly present with seizures, these may be seen as a consequence of severe hypeension (BP = 20...
158,550
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A 30 year-old male has jaundice. Blood examination shows total serum bilirubin 28 mg%, direct bilirubin 16 mg % and alkaline phosphatase 184 KA units. The Diagnosis is :
Answer is D (Obstructive jaundice): The patient in question has high conjugated bilirubin levels (direct bilirubin > 50% of total bilirubin), along with alkaline phosphatase levels more than 6 times normal. The answer of choice therefore is obstructive jaundice. Approach: If direct conjugated bilirubin is greater than ...
158,551
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In differential diagnosis of lump in right fornix which is not true :
Submucosal fibroid
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A patient presents with symptoms of Hypoglycemia. Investigations reveal decreased blood glucose and increased Insulin levels. C-peptide assay is done which shows normal levels of C- peptide. The most likely diagnosis is:
Answer is C (Accidental exogenous Insulin administration): Normal / Reduced levels of C- peptide in the presence of increased insulin suggest a diagnosis of exogenous insulin administration as the cause of hypoglycemia. Approach to a patient with Hypoglycemia and Increased Insulin levels: Role of C- peptide Assay Norma...
158,553
medmcqa_train
Methemoglobinemia may be caused by all of the following drugs, EXCEPT:
Drugs causing methemoglobinemia are: Nitrous gases, chloroquine and primaquine, phenazopyridine, sulfonamides, sulfones, aniline dye derivatives, phenacetin, dapsone, local anesthetics, and nitrobenzenes. Hemoglobin becomes methaemoglobin when iron is oxidized from the ferrous to the ferric form. This conversion of hem...
158,554
medmcqa_train
A patient came with abduction limitation of right eye and horizontal diplopia. Which nerve can possibly be paralyzed
Lateral rectus Palsy 1. Lesion of Abducens nerve 2. Abduction limitation due to paralysis of lateral rectus 3. Convergent squint and diplopia (horizontal) on long standing palsy. 4. Patient present with turn towards the side of affected muscle Associations Millard Gubler syndrome: Ipsilateral 6th nerve palsy with contr...
158,555
medmcqa_train
Most common cause of acute parotitis -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Staph Aureus o MC organism is staph aureus >> str. viridans >> pneumococcus.
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The most commonly affected tissues in neurocysticercosis is -
Larvae penetrate the intestine -MC sites of deposition in- CNS (60-90%)> Eye > muscle. in CNS - subarchanoid >parenchymal Option 1, 2, 3, 4 Cysticercosis: Caused by T. solium (Pork tapeworm) Potentially dangerous systemic disease. Neurocysticercosis (NCC) NCC: MC parasitic CNS infection of man and MC cause of adult ons...
158,557
medmcqa_train
Which scientific principle is the basis for thermodilution method used in measurement of cardiac output by pulmonary catheter?
Ans. b. Stewart-Hamilton equation (Ref: Ganong 23/e p513; Guyton 11/e p244)Stewrt-Hamilton equation is the basis for thermodilution method used in measurement of cardiac output by pulmonary catheter.Stewart Hamilton equationThe thermodilution technique has become the de-facto clinical standard for measuring cardiac out...
158,558
medmcqa_train
Which of the following muscle lies between superficial and deep pas of submandibular salivary gland?
Submandibular gland is a large salivary gland situated in the anterior pa of the digastric triangle. It is roughly J-shaped,being indented by the posterior border of the mylohyoid which divides into a larger pa superficial to the muscle,and a small pa lying deep to the muscle. Reference: B D Chaurasia's human anatomy; ...
158,559
medmcqa_train
Most common cause of chronic pancreatitis:
Ref. API Textbook of Medicine. Pg. 815   Chronic pancreatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease in which there is irreversible progressive destruction of pancreatic tissue Its clinical course is characterized by severe pain and in the later stages, exocrine and endocrine pancreatic insufficiency . High alcohol consump...
158,560
medmcqa_train
Compliance curve of the lung given below. Curve A signifies which of the followings:
Compliance is defined as the change in volume for a unit change in pressure. It measures the distensibility or, stretchability of lung The total compliance of both lungs together in the normal adult human averages about 200 milliliters of air per centimeter of water transpulmonary pressure. The compliance of the combin...
158,561
medmcqa_train
Which of the following nerves carries taste sensation from posterior one-third of the tongue:
The Glossopharyngeal nerve is the nerve for both general sensation and taste sensation for the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue including the circumvallate papillaeNerve supply of tongueMotor supply: All the intrinsic muscles, except the palatoglossus are supplied by the hypoglossal nerve (The palatoglossus is supplied by...
158,562
medmcqa_train
All of the following are true about the Right Coronary Aery (RCA) except___
The right coronary aery arises from the anterior aoic sinus (Right coronary sinus) of the ascending aoa. (Option B) It passes anteriorly and descends veically in the coronary sulcus between the right atrium and the right ventricle. On reaching the inferior margin, it turns posteriorly and continues in the sulcus on to ...
158,563
medmcqa_train
Most common malignant lesion of the eyelid is
Basal cell carcinoma This is usually a slow-growing, locally-invasive, malignant tumour of pluripotential epithelial cells arising from basal epidermis and hair follicles; hence, it affects the pilo-sebaceous skin. EPIDEMIOLOGY The strongest predisposing factor to BCC is UVR. It occurs in the elderly or the middle-aged...
158,564
medmcqa_train
ANA seen in SLE is directed against?
“Antibodies to double-stranded DNA and the Smith (Sm) antigen are virtually diagnostic of SLE" ---------- Robbins Antinuclear antibodies in SLE 1) Generic antinuclear antibodies (ANA) □ These are most common (93-100% of patients), thus are most sensitive antibodies for SLE (best screening test). 2) Anti-dsDNA and Anti-...
158,565
medmcqa_train
In cellular event of acute inflammation all are seen except -
. PECAM &; Activation of leukocytesExplanation :- PECAM 1 (platelet endothelial adhesion molecule) or CD31 &; involved in migration of leukocytes
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A 76 year old male with a history of dyspnoea on exeion was subjected to x-ray chest by the treating physician. The findings on the chest X-ray are given below. There is a history of fever with significant loss of weight and occasional bloody diarrhoea for the past 3 months. What is the most likely diagnosis?
This is an X-ray film showing multiple cannonball metastasis in the lung. The following neoplasms are most likely to spread to the lungs. Given the history it is likely to be a colorectal carcinoma. Melanoma Thyroid cancer Breast cancer Colorectal cancer Head and neck cancer Renal cell cancer Choriocarcinoma Testicular...
158,567
medmcqa_train
A 21 years female of 143 cm height present primary amenorrhea, absent breast, Cubitus valgus. Most probable diagnosis is?
Individuals with Turner's syndrome are phenotypic females with primary amenorrhea, absent secondary sexual characteristics, sho stature, multiple congenital anomalies, and bilateral streak gonads. Characteristic Findings in Women with Turner Syndrome: Height 142-147cm Micrognathia Epicanthal folds Low-set ears Sensorin...
158,568
medmcqa_train
WHO ORS contains -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Potassium chloride-1.5 gm Because of the improved effectiveness of reduced osmolarity ORS solution, WHO and UNICEF are recommending that countries manufacture and use the following formulation in place of the previously recommended ORS solution.
158,569
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DNA replication and transcription occurs in which direction -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., 51 - 31 Elongation in DNA synthesiso Once the RNA primer has been synthesized at each of the replicating forks, a DNA polymerase III initiates the synthesis of new DNA strand by adding deoxyribonucleotides to the 31 end of RNA primer. Thus, both new strands are synthesized always in 51- 31 direction. ...
158,570
medmcqa_train
Sympathetic ophthalmitis is due to
Sympathetic Ophthalmitis* Bilateral granulomatous panuveitis after penetrating trauma with prolapsed of uvea* Injured eye - exciting eye; normal fellow- sympathizing eye* Causes: penetrating injury, intraocular surgeries, cyclophotocoagulation, cyclocryotherapy* Site of injury: involving CB, iris and lens capsule* Path...
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Best test to quantify' feto-maternal haemorrhage in Rh isoimmunisation is -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Kleinhauser test Kleiheaur betke testo It is quantitative test which is used to calculate the approx volume of the fetal blood entering into the maternal circulation. Based on the principle of acid elution technique and is done by using citric acid phosphate buffer. Fetal red cells (dark refractile bo...
158,572
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Collagen found in hyaline cailage is
Collagen present in cailage are chemically distinct from those in most other tissues.They are described as type 2 collagen Inderbir Singh&;s textbook of human Histology Seventh edition Pg no 82
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A 60 year old male patient complains of food lodgment in upper right back teeth region. Patient gives h/o RCT with 16 and extraction with 15. Ceramic crown and bridge was planned. Which of the following is not a method for strengthening this restoration?
-DEVELOPMENT OF RESIDUAL COMPRESSIVE STRESSES The fabrication of metal-ceramic and all-ceramic prostheses usually involves sintering the ceramic at high temperature or hot-pressing a veneering ceramic onto the metal or core ceramic. The process of cooling to room temperature offers the opportunity to take advantage of ...
158,574
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A 23-year-old female presents with an itchy, linear rash on her foot. She returned from a camping trip 4 days ago and denies using any new makeup, clothing, or jewelry. True about this skin pathology:
Diagnosis - Contact dermatitis. Foot lesions are erythematous papules and vesicles with serous weeping. Lesions localized to areas of contact with the offending agent (the foot ware in this case). Treatment: Topical or systemic coicosteroids & cool, wet compresses
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Treatment of choice of Kawasaki disease ?
Kawasaki disease is a vasculitis that mostly involves the coronary vessels. It presents as an acute systemic disorder, usually affecting children under 5 years.Kawasaki's disease is an acute, febrile, multisystem disease of children. Some 80% of cases occur prior to the age of 5, with the peak incidence occurring at <=...
158,576
medmcqa_train
A 35 year old female, hospitalized after a motor vehicle accident, develops acute gastric stress ulcers. Increases in which of the following normal physiological parameters may have contributed to this condition?
Pepsin production is a normal physiologic activity of the stomach that, in conditions of stress, may overwhelm the stomach's weakened defenses and result in gastric ulceration. Gastric acid production is another condition that may increase and cause acute ulceration. Fuhermore, these two factors may remain unchanged an...
158,577
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Which of these is characteristic of amyloidosis-
Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease South Asia edition. *by electron microscopy all types amyloid consist of continuous non branching fibrills.X Ray crystallography and infrared spectroscopy demonstrate a characteristic cross-beta-pleated shear conformation .this conformation is responsible for distinctive C...
158,578
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What is the intermediate host of the organism shown here?
organism-Guinea worm/medina worm/serpent worm habitat- subcutaneous nodules DH-humans IH- cyclops(lobsters, crabs shrimps) MOI-ingestion of drinking water containing cyclops infested with L3Larvae
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Following is true about longitudinal studies
Longitudinal studies are useful in: To study the natural history of disease and it's future outcome For identifying risk factors of disease For finding out incidence rate or rate of occurrence of new cases of disease in the community Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 78
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What is the indication for therapeutic thoracocentesis?
Therapeutic thoracocentesis- Indication - Free fluid separates the lung from chest wall by 10 mm Measured radiographically Preferred site of thoracocentesis -7th ICS Scapular line. For Recurrent pleural effusion - pleurodesis. In pleurodesis we inject a sclerosing agent in pleural space which causes obliteration of ple...
158,581
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The major difference between X-Rays and Light is:
The main difference between an X-ray photon and a visible light photon lies in the energy of each photon. Xray photon has approximately 5000 times the energy of an ordinary light photon, allowing the Xray photon to pass through materials more readily than a regular light photon. Ref: Techniques in Microscopy for Biomed...
158,582
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Structure NOT passing through esophageal opening
At T8 - IVC hiatus in central tendon through which IVC and few branches of Rt. phrenic nerve passes At T10 - Oesophageal opening is present through which passes: Esophagus Esophageal branch of left gastric aery Anterior and posterior vagal trunk At T12 - Aoic hiatus posterior to diaphragm formed by median arcuate ligam...
158,583
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Notching of the ribs is seen in man
Coarctation of aoa
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Baezomib is -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Proteosome inhibitor Proteosome inhibitors o Transcription factor NFKB is associated by an inhibitor IKB. o IKB is degraded by proteosomes. o Inhibition of proteosome prevents degradation of IKB which inhibits the overactivity of NFKB. o Proteosome inhibitor (Baezomib) is used in multiple myeloma.
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Superior rib notching is/are caused by:
A, B, C, i.e. Hyperparathyroidism, Poliomyelitis, Marfan syndome
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medmcqa_train
Destruction of fat in acute pancreatitis is due to -
An enzyme activated by trypsin is phospholipase A2. This enzyme splits a fatty acid off lecithin, forming lysolecithin. Lysolecithin damages cell membrane. It has been hypothesized that in acute pancreatitis phospholipase A2 is activated in the pancreatic ducts, with the formation of lysolecithin from lecithin that is ...
158,587
medmcqa_train
The very first step in investigation of Epidemic
INVESTIGATION OF AN EPIDEMIC The occurrence of an epidemic always signals some significant shift in the existing balance between the agent, host and environment. It calls for a prompt and thorough investigation of the cases to uncover the factor(s) responsible and to guide in advocating control measures to prevent fuhe...
158,588
medmcqa_train
Orally administered anti kala-azar drug is
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Miltefosine o Drugs used for kala-azar :- o Parentral : Amphotericin-B (iv), Paromomycin (im), sodium stibogluconate (iv or im). Oral : Miltefosine
158,589
medmcqa_train
Which DNA segments in the lactose operon of E. coli is a trans-acting regulatory element?
Regulatory sequences in DNA are classified as cis- or trans-acting elements, depending on the mechanism of action. Cis-acting elements function only when located on the strand of DNA being regulated, relatively close to the regulated gene. The operator (0), the promoter (P), and the CAP binding site all are located jus...
158,590
medmcqa_train
Comment on the diagnosis for an individual serum alkaline phosphatase normal, PTH normal, Vitamin D3 normal with elevated serum Calcium values?
Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell neoplasm commonly associated with lytic bone lesions, hypercalcemia, renal failure, and acquired immune abnormalities. Clinical Features. The clinical features of multiple myeloma stem from (1) the effects of plasma cell growth in tissues, paicularly the bones (2) the production of exc...
158,591
medmcqa_train
"Gold standard" study for diagnosis of pulmonary embolic episode is:
Ans. B. Pulmonary angiographyAlthough pulmonary angiography is supposed to be the definitive and gold standard means of diagnosing PULMONARY EMBOLISM with the decreasing availability of pulmonary arteriography and increasing use of other non-invasive tests like spiral CT, the exact role of pulmonary arteriography is no...
158,592
medmcqa_train
Tryptophan is
During metabolism Tryptophan, pa of carbon skeleton enters ketogenic pathway and rest glucogenic pathway. Alanine is glucogenic and Acetoacetyl CoA is ketogenic.
158,593
medmcqa_train
A 3–month old male child with normal genitalia presents to the emergency department with severe dehydration, hyperkalemia and hyponatremia. The measurement blood levels of which of the following will be helpful?
This is a case of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to deficiency of 21 - hydroxylase deficiency. Because of the enzyme block ,there is increased formation of 17- hydroxyprogesterone, which is then shunted into the production of testosterone. Levels of cortisol and aldosterone are reduced.
158,594
medmcqa_train
Refeeding Syndrome - Lab values to be monitored are all except
Ans. (d) AmmoniumRef: Bailey and Love 27th edition Page 288, Surgery Sixer 3rd Edition Page 6Refeeding Syndrome* Characterized by severe fluid and electrolyte shifts in malnourished patients undergoing refeeding.* It can occur with Enteral and Parenteral nutrition (MC with TPN)* Lab values: Hypophosphatemia, Hypocalcem...
158,595
medmcqa_train
Mucormycosis of paranasal sinus is most common in
MUCORMYCOSIS: Caused by - rhizopus , rhizomucor , cunninghamella Moulds with non septate hyphae The higher prevalence of mucormycosis in India turned out to be statistically significant (p < 0.0001) in comparison with all other countries Predisposing factors - Organ transplant recipients - Long term desferroxamine ther...
158,596
medmcqa_train
Which of the following supplies the pineal gland?
Pineal gland is present posterior to midbrain so if tumor is in pineal gland ,it may l/t dorsal mid brain syndrome as it would press on the midbrain from behind. * MCA(Middle Cerebral Aery) not a pa of Circle of Willis * PCA (Posterior Cerebral Aery) P1,P2 and 10-11 Post choroidal aeries P1 supplies- Midbrain P2 suppli...
158,597
medmcqa_train
A 54-year-old man is admitted to the hospital due to severe headaches. A CT examination reveals an internal carotid artery aneurysm inside the cavernous sinus. Which of the following nerves would be typically affected first?
The abducens nerve would be affected first due to aneurysmal dilation of the internal carotid artery (ICA) because the nerve runs in closest proximity to the artery within the cavernous sinus. The other nerves running in the wall of the cavernous sinus are the oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, and both the maxillary a...
158,598
medmcqa_train
Coenzyme required for tissue respiration is
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a quinone derivative with a long, hydrophobic isoprenoid tail. It is also called ubiquinone because it is ubiquitous in biologic systems. CoQ is a mobile carrier and can accept hydrogen atoms both from FMNH2, produced on NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) and from FADH2, produced on succinate dehydrogen...
158,599
medmcqa_train