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True about Insulinoma is:
Insulinoma b-cell tumor Benign C peptide level is elevated Most common of pancreatic Neuro-endocrine neoplasms Produce sufficient insulin to induce clinically significant hypoglycaemia MEN 1 syndrome- Associated with 3-Ps Pancreas:- Gastrinoma, Insulinoma Pituitary tumor Parathyroid
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medmcqa_train
A 5-year-old boy presents with Severe ptosis associated with poor levator function. Which of the following will be the treatment?
Ans. (a) Frontalis Suspension surgery(Ref: Kanski 8/e, p. 45; Parsons 22/e, p. 464; Yanoff 4/e, p. 1273)Brow (frontalis) suspension is used for severe ptosis (> 4 mm) with very poor levator function (< 4 mm) in simple congenital ptosis or occurring due to 3rd nerve palsy, blepharophimosis syndrome and following unsatis...
158,801
medmcqa_train
A complicated case of diveicular disease is defined as diveicula with?
.DIVEICULAR DISEASE OF THE COLON * They are acquired herniations of colonic mucosa through circular muscles at the points where blood vessels penetrate (points of least resistance). * It is more commonly localised to sigmoid colon (90%) but occasionally seen in full length of the colon. Rectum is not affected. saint's ...
158,802
medmcqa_train
Which of the following is a voluntary organization -
Voluntary health organisations of India: 1.Indian red cross 2.Hind kusht nivaran sangh 3.Indian council for child welfare 4.Tubercukosis association of India 5.Bharath sevak samaj 6.Central social welfare board 7.The Kasthurba memorial fund 8.Famaily planning association of India 9.All India womens conference 10.All In...
158,803
medmcqa_train
SA Node is located at
SA node is situated at the atriocaval junction in the upper pa of the sulcus terminalis B D CHAURASIA'S HUMAN ANATOMY UPPER LIMB THORAX-VOLUME 1 SIXTH EDITION Page no-262
158,804
medmcqa_train
Process by which an individual gradually aquires cultureand becomes a member of a social group is called ?
Socialization It is the process by which an individual gradually acquires culture ad becomes a member of a social group. Example → Internship training programme of doctors gives them an opportunity to learn how to become acceptable to the public at large as doctors. Socialism It is a system of production and distr...
158,805
medmcqa_train
Amphotericin B treatment mandates the monitoring of which of the following electrolytes:-
Hypokalemia is a serious adverse effect of Amphotericin B hence treatment mandates the monitoring of serum K+levels. ADVERSE EFFECTS OF AMPHOTERICIN B: Infusion related reactions are most common adverse effects and require premedication with antihistaminics or glucocoicoids. Dose limiting toxicity is nephrotoxicity man...
158,806
medmcqa_train
A 35 year old woman comes to you for routine gynecological examination. You examined her and takes a pap smear which turns out to be normal. She was determined to be a low risk case. At what intervals will you recommend a pap smear examination for her? Note :- She had normal smear in the last 3 consecutive years.
For a woman over the age of 30 years a pap smear is recommended once every 3 years if : HPV DNA is negative, is at low risk for Ca cervix and 3 consecutive annual screening are negative. Also know An annual screening is recommended in women over 30 years if she is : HPV DNA +ve or is at high risk for Ca cervix. Note:- ...
158,807
medmcqa_train
Enzyme deficient in alkaptonuria -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Homogentisate oxidaseo Has been explained in previous sessions
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Feature of fat embolism includes all except: (PGI Dec 2010)
Ans: D Commonly Manifests after several days of trauma Commonly Manifests after several days of trauma- this is rarely seen . Hence, this statement is wrong. Correct statement is- Usually manifests itself within 24-48 hours of trauma "Sputum & urine mav reveal the presence of fat a lobulesQ"- Maheswari 3rd/34 Fat Embol...
158,809
medmcqa_train
All of the following hereditary conditions predispose to CNS tumors, except
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a genetic disorder in which there is a decreased ability to repair DNA damage such as that caused by ultraviolet (UV) light. Symptoms may include a severe sunburn after only a few minutes in the sun, freckling in sun exposed areas, dry skin and changes in skin pigmentation.it doesn't cause...
158,810
medmcqa_train
ACL prevents
Anterior cruciate ligament prevents Posterior dislocation of femur on tibia Anterior displacement of tibia on femur Ref: Gray's Anatomy The Anatomical Basics of Clinical Practice 41 e pg 1394.
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Which of the following is not true about bulimia nervosa?
Bulimia nervosa: Characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate ways of stopping weight gain - Purging (self-induced vomiting Weight is normal but there is fear of gaining weight Hypokalemia and Hypochloremia alkalosis Endocrine disorders are seen in anorexia nervosa and not bulimia nervosa.
158,812
medmcqa_train
Excessive sexual desire in males is known as
Disorders of Appetitive Phase (Sexual Desire Disorders)1. Hypoactive sexual desire disorder:This disorder is characterised by an absence of fantasies and desire for sexual activity which is not secondary to other sexual dysfunctions, such as premature ejaculation or dyspareunia.This disorder is many times more common i...
158,813
medmcqa_train
All are true regarding chloroquine, except ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Acts only on exoerythrocytic cycle o It is a rabidly acting erythrocytic Schizontacide against all species of plasmodium. o It has no effect on pre and exoerythric stage.
158,814
medmcqa_train
In the cell membrane, the following is true -
There is lateral diffusion of protein and lipids in membrane.
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Which of the following benign condition can mimic cancer in the breast?
The presentations of fat necrosis are protean and can closely mimic cancer as a painless palpable mass, skin thickening or retraction, or mammographic densities or calcifications. About half of affected women have a history of breast trauma or prior surgery.Duct ectasia too can mimic cancerDuct ectasia presents as a pa...
158,816
medmcqa_train
A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus very much wants to become pregnant. What should her physician tell her regarding pregnancy in lupus patients?
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) predominantly affects younger women, and so the question of lupus and pregnancy may arise frequently in clinical practice. Patients with SLE have an increased incidence of spontaneous aboion, fetal death in utero, and prematurity. The mother may experience an exacerbation in the activ...
158,817
medmcqa_train
Not true regarding meibomian glands
* Meibomian glands open in eyelid margins Meibomian glands Arranged veically More in upper lid than in lower lid Modified sebaceous glands Open in eyelid margins Constitute the oily layer of tear film Internal Hordeolum is the infection of meibomian gland
158,818
medmcqa_train
The laser procedure, most often used for treating iris neovascularization is -
Panretinal photocoagulation is used to prevent fuher neovascularization Ref:Comprehensive ophthalmology-AK Khurana 6th edition chapter-10 page no:250 Ref:Comprehensive ophthalmology-AK Khurana 6th edition chapter-10 page no:250
158,819
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All of the following drugs are used in the treatment of Pneumocystis carni pneumonia, except?
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Cotrimoxazole) is the drug of choice of Pneumocystis carini pneumonia. Other drugs effective in its treatment are dapsone, pentamidine, atovaquone, primaquine and clindamycin. Methylprednisolone is also indicated in HIV positive patients with moderate to severe PCP. Fluoroquinolones are n...
158,820
medmcqa_train
Best marker for chronic PEM is -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Height for age Assessment of PEM* Weight for age = Acute* Height for age = Chronic* Weight for Height = Acute on chronicAge dependent factors* Weight# Height* Head circumference# Chest circumferenceAge independent factor* Mid arm circumference# Kanawati index* Me Laren's index# Quae stick* Shakir tape...
158,821
medmcqa_train
All are seen in reiter's syndrome except?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Subcutaneous nodules Arthropathy following a recent leisure trip suggests reactive arthritis.Eye involvement points towards Reiter's syndrome.Reactive arthritis refers to acute nonpurulent arthritis, complicating an infection elsewhere in the body.Reiter's syndrome is one of the classic forms of react...
158,822
medmcqa_train
L1 L2 L3 serovar of chlamydia trachomatis cause ?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., LGV
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All of the following are features of tonic pupil, EXCEPT:
Tonic pupil results from damage to ciliary ganglion or sho ciliary nerves. Features of tonic pupil: Reaction to light is absent and to near reflex is very slow and tonic Accommodative paresis is present Affected pupil is larger It is generally unilateral Cholinergic supersensitivity of the denervated muscle occurs. Ass...
158,824
medmcqa_train
Spinal cord ends at lower border of which vertebra in adults -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Li o Spinal cord begins at foramen magnum and, in adults, ends at the lower border of LI. Structure Extends up to # Adult spinal cord # Infant spinal cord Lower border of L1 or upper border of L2 Upper border of L3 vertebrae # Filum terminate # Pia mater Tip of the coccyx # Dural sheath # Subdural spa...
158,825
medmcqa_train
Carboxypenicillins true is all except -
Ans. is 'a' l.e., Nephrotoxic Carboxvpeniciilins - Carbenicillin:o It is active against pseudomonas and indole positive proteus.o Klebsiella and gram positive cocci are unaffected by ito It is neither penicillinase resistant nor acid resistant,o It is inactive orally and is rapily excreted in urine in 1 hr.o At high do...
158,826
medmcqa_train
Which among the following parotid tumor spreads through neural sheath
Adenoid cystic carcinoma, which has a propensity for neural invasion, is the second most common malignancy in adults. Skip lesions along nerves are common and can lead to treatment failures because of the difficulty in treating the full extent of invasion. Adenoid cystic carcinomas have a high incidence of distant meta...
158,827
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All of the following are branches of maxillary artery except
Ascending pharyngeal artery is branch of external cartotid artery.
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Unilateral proptosis and bilateral 6th nerve palsy are seen in?
Cavernous sinus thrombosis is usually a unilateral condition which caused rapid unilateral proptosis. The 6th nerve passes through the cavernous sinus, So bilateral 6th nerve palsy is seen. Later 3rd and 4th nerves are also involved. Clinical features of cavernous sinus thrombosis: Onset of cavernous sinus thrombosis i...
158,829
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The best approach to prevent congenital anomalies in infants of diabetic mothers is to?
.
158,830
medmcqa_train
Eight year girl presented by her mother with sexual precocity. She may have the following disorder:
McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is classically manifested as a triad of irregular cafe au lait spots, fibrous dysplasia of long bones with cysts, and precocious pubey (sexual precocity). This is a sporadic disorder caused by somatic (postzygotic) activating mutations in the GSalpha subunit that links G protein-coupled r...
158,831
medmcqa_train
Hinchey classification is used for perforations of colon secondary to -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Diverticulitis * Hinchey Classification is used to describe perforations of the colon due to diverticulitis.* The Hinchey classification - proposed by Hinchey et al. in 1979 classifies a colonic perforation due to diverticular disease.* The classification is I-IV:i) Hinchey I - localised abscess (para...
158,832
medmcqa_train
The first laboratory test that becomes abnormal in acute hepatocellular failure is:
Answer is A (Prothrombin time (PT)): An increased prothrombin time is the most frequently observed first laboratory test suggesting the possibility of hepatocellular failure. Early liver failure may be suspected based on isolated prolongation of the Prothrombin Time (PT). Patients with early hepatocellular failure may ...
158,833
medmcqa_train
A 42-year-old woman with benign ovarian tumor presents with ascites and breathlessness. CXR is performed. The clinical diagnosis is?
Ans. A Meigs syndromeRef: CMDT 2019 page 323* The CXR shows presence of right sided pleural effusion along with history of ascites and a benign ovarian tumor. This a triad seen in Meigs syndrome.* Choice B is seen in post MI patients* Choice C leads to acute onset ascites and right upper quadrant pain* Choice D leads t...
158,834
medmcqa_train
The sensitivity of uterine musculature is
Progesterone reduces muscle excitability by increasing calcium binding, thereby reducing free intracellular calcium. Oestrogen has the opposite effect and increases myometrial excitability.Refer page no 106 of Textbook of obstetrics, Sheila Balakrishnan, 2 nd edition.
158,835
medmcqa_train
A patient with hypersplenism underwent splenectomy. The most probable oppounistic infection in this patient after the procedure is:
The most serious consequence of splenectomy is increased susceptibility to bacterial infections, paicularly those with capsules such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and some gram-negative enteric organisms. Patients under age 20 years are paicularly susceptible to overwhelming sepsis with S. pneumo...
158,836
medmcqa_train
A female is admitted in the ICU with the symptoms of GBS. She is getting these symptoms for the third time during few weeks. Nerve biopsy reveals onion-bulb appearance. What can be the MOST probable diagnosis?
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP):An acute-onset form of CIDP should be considered when GBS deteriorates >9 weeks after onset or relapses at least three times.This neuropathy shares many features with the common demyelinating form of GBS, including elevated CSF protein levels and the Edx findings...
158,837
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Paranasal polyp CT view?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Coronal Both coronal and axial view are used, but coronal views are best to study paranasal sinus polyps.
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Biochemical oxygen demand is calculated to know ----- wastes -
Biochemical oxygen demand is an impoant test done on sewage. It is defined as the amount of oxygen adsorbed by a sample of sewage during a specified period, generally 5 days, at a specified temperature for the aerobic destruction or use of organic matter by living organisms. If BOD more than 300mg/L - strong sewage Les...
158,839
medmcqa_train
Corneal endothelial counting is done by?
Ans. (c) Specular microscopeRef : Yanoff 3/d, p 83
158,840
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Macrophage, granuloma, erythrophagocytosis are found in
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Regional ileitisThere is confusion between option c & d because macrophage and granuloma are seen in crohn's disease (Regional ileitis), while erythrophagocytosis is seen in typhoid fever.o Regional Ileitis or crohn's disease has the histological features of transmural inflammatory cell infiltrate con...
158,841
medmcqa_train
Which of the following is an optically inactive amino acid?
Optical properties: All the amino acids except glycine possess optical isomers due to the presence of asymmetric carbon atom. Ref: Satyanarayan 3rd edition page no: 49
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Percentiles divides the data into _____ equal pas
A percentile (or a centile) is a measure used in statistics indicating the value below which a given percentage of observations in a group of observations falls. There is no standard definition of percentile,. however all definitions yield similar results when the number of observations is very large and the probabilit...
158,843
medmcqa_train
Most common site involved in genital TB -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Fallopian tubes Genital tuberculosiso Almost always a secondary infectiono Most common route of spread is hematogenous.o Most common site is bilateral fallopian tubes, (in fallopian tubes most common part affected is ampulla and most common pathology encountered is endosalpingitis).o Most common in 20...
158,844
medmcqa_train
Lateral dislocation of patella is prevented by
The lateral border provides inseion to vastus lateralis in its upper one-third or half. The medial border provides inseion to the vastus medialis in its upper two-thirds or more. Ref : B D Chaurasia's Humsn Anatomy , seventh edition , volume 2 , pg, no. 22
158,845
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Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh supplies skin overlying:
A i.e. Medial aspect of thigh; B i.e. Posteroinferior aspect of buttock; C i.e. Scrotum
158,846
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Post operative radiotherapy in breast is given for?
Ans. is 'c' i.e. To prevent recurrence
158,847
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Wilson’s disease is?
Wilson’s disease is an autosomal recessive disorder. Autosomal recessive disorders 1) Metabolic - Cystic fibrosis, Phenyl ketonuria, Galactosemia, Homocystinuria, Lysosomal storage dis, al- antitrypsin deficiency, Wilson disease, Hemochromatosis, Glycogen storage disorders 2) Hematological - Sickle cell anemia, Thalass...
158,848
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Most common type of hyppospadias is?
Ans. (a) GlandularRef. Bailey & Love 24th edp 1389
158,849
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Which of the following therapy is known to stimulate progenitor megakaryocytes and used in Rx of Cancer Chemotherapy-Induced Thrombocytopenia?
IL-11 (oprelvekin) is approved for use in the setting of expected thrombocytopenia, but its effects on platelet counts are small, and it is associated with side effects such as headache, fever, malaise, syncope, cardiac arrhythmias, and fluid retention.
158,850
medmcqa_train
Sumoylation of histones proteins is associated with
Sumoylation of histones is associated with Transcription repression Histone post-translational modifications & their role: Post-translational modifications Role Acetylation of histones H3 and H4 Activation or inactivation of gene transcription Acetylation of core histones Chromosomal assembly during DNA replication Pho...
158,851
medmcqa_train
Treatment of choice for scabies in an infant < 6 months is?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Permathrin Treatment of scabies in children* Topical permethrin (5% cream) is a safe and effective scabicide in children. It is recommended as a first-line therapy for patients older than 2 months of age. Because there are theoretical concerns regarding percutaneous absorption of permethrin in inf ant...
158,852
medmcqa_train
Beaded margin of eyelid is seen in
Lipoid proteinosis is a rare, recessively inherited disorder, characterized by infiltration of the skin, oral cavity and larynx. Patients with this genodermatosis can usually be recognized instantly because of husky voice, inability to protrude tongue and thickened eyelids.
158,853
medmcqa_train
Best way to diagnose gall bladder stones: March 2007
Ans. A: USG In Europe and USA 80% of the stones are cholesterol or mixed type. In Asia, 80% of the stones are pigment stones On the basis of their contents, gallstones can be subdivided into the two following types: Cholesterol stones are usually green, but are sometimes white or yellow in color. They are made primaril...
158,854
medmcqa_train
Vascular repair to be done in which Gustilo Anderson type?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Mc Treatment of Open Fractures Gustilo's classification of open fractures : Type I Small clean puncture wound with/ without protruded bone spike. Low energy non-comminuted fracture(low energy trauma). Little soft tissue injury with no crushing. Type II More than 1 cm long wound. Moderate soft tissue d...
158,855
medmcqa_train
You have been directed by a class - I judicial magistrate to provide "Compos mentis". "Compos mentis" is associated with which of the following?
A judicial magistrate is the optimal person to record a dying declaration, but before recording the statement the doctor should ceify that the person is conscious and his mental faculties are normal. This is called "compos mentis". Also know S.32 IEA deals with dying declaration Ref: Textbook of Forensic Medicine and T...
158,856
medmcqa_train
The difference in molecular weight between Phenylalanine & Tyrosine is by :
Usually students tend to mark 17 as the answer. Phenylalanine gets conveed to Tyrosine by enzyme Phenylalanine Hydroxylase. Most Hydroxylases are Mono-oxygenases i.e. EC No. 1. In hydroxylation reactions, only one oxygen atom from the molecular oxygen is added because H was already present in the phenylalanine. So, cha...
158,857
medmcqa_train
Amphotericin-B is obtained from:
POLYENE ANTI BIOTICS The name polyene is derived from their highly double-bonded structure. Amphotericin B is described as the prototype. Amphotericin B (AMB): It is obtained from Streptomyces nodosus ESSENTIALS OF MEDICAL PHARMACOLOGY K.D.TRIPATHI SIXTH EDITION PAGE NO:757
158,858
medmcqa_train
Cavitary lesions are chacteristically seen in
Ans bLung involvement typically appears as multiple, b/L nodular cavitary infil-trate. Biopsy almost invariably shows typical necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis of small arteries and veins together with granuloma formation. WG is a distinct clinicopathological entity characterised by a granuloma-tous vasculitis of up...
158,859
medmcqa_train
28-year-old pregnant lady comes to the ER with headache, blurring of vision and vomiting. On examination, her BP is 195/150 mm Hg, ankle edema present, urinary proteinuria present. On inquiry, she is primi and it is 23 weeks of gestation. All on a sudden, she develops convulsion. Intravenous magnesium sulphate is intro...
Answer: b) MetoprololMethyldopa is still the drug of choice for many obstetricians in pregnancy, because extensive experience has shown that it does not harm the fetus.Nifedipine is also used in pregnancy, but it is kept in second class. Nifedipine can reduce BP immediately and it is unpredictable even sometimes large ...
158,860
medmcqa_train
Which of the following is the most common postoperative complication related to intubation: March 2011
Ans. C: Sore throat Sore throat (pharyngitis, laryngitis) is the most common post-operative complication of intubation It usually subsides within 2-3 days without any treatment
158,861
medmcqa_train
Which one of the follwing is the ECG hallmark of hypothermia-
ECG Changes in Hypothermia Hypothermia may produce the following ECG abnormalities: Bradyarrhythmias (see below) Osborne Waves (= J waves) Prolonged PR, QRS and QT intervals Shivering aefact Ventricular ectopic Cardiac arrest due to VT, VF or asystole Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1445
158,862
medmcqa_train
In Guinea worm prophylaxis, all are true, except ?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Mass t/t with mebendazole o No drug is suitable for effective mass treatment of Dracunculiasis. o The drugs effective for t/t of cases of Dracunculiasis Niridazole Mebendazoel Metronidazole
158,863
medmcqa_train
Apocrine mode of secretion is classically seen in _______ glands?
Apocrine mode of secretion is seen in Mammary gland Modes of Secretion of exocrine glands can be classified as - Merocrine Apocrine Holocrine
158,864
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Areas of carcinoma of oral mucosa can be identified by staining with:
Toluidine Blue Toluidine blue is a basic metachromatic dye with high affinity for acidic tissue components, thereby staining tissues rich in DNA and RNAQ. Wide applications both as vital staining in living tissues and as a special stain used in vivo to identify dysplasia and carcinoma of the oral cavityQ.
158,865
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Syndrome x not found in
(D) (Weight loss) (1992-95-H 18th)* Syndrome X is much more common in patients who are obese.Metabolic' syndrome (syndrome X) or Insulin resistance syndrome (805- Davidson 22nd)* DM type II* Hypertension* Dyslipidaemia * Over weight/obesity* Central adiposity is a key feature of the syndrome* Sedentary life style* Agin...
158,866
medmcqa_train
Trisomy of which chromosome is associated with uterine fibroids?
Fibroids are monoclonal and about 40% have chromosomal abnormalities that include translocations between chromosomes 12 and 14, deletions of chromosome 7, and trisomy of chromosome 12.Cellular, atypical, and large fibroids are most likely to show chromosomal abnormalities.Ref: Berek and Novak&;s Gynecology; 15th editio...
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What percentage of the blood flow to the liver is supplied by the hepatic aery -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., 20 %
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Arsenic is useful in treatment of
Refer Harrison 17th/389 AS2O3 promote the differentition of APL cells and promote apoptosis by upregulating the genes involved in apoptosis. It is used for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia
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Defective hepatic conjugation is seen in all the following except -
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Novobiocin therapy
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Lumbar plexus is situated in
Ans. b (Posterior portion of psoas) (Ref. BDC anatomy Vol. II 3rd ed., 278)LUMBAR PLEXUS# The lumbar plexus lies in the posterior part of the substance of the PSOAS MAJOR muscle.# It is formed by the ventral rami of the upper 4 lumbar nerves.Its branches include:- Ilioinguinal nerve (L1)- Lateral cutaneous nerve of the...
158,871
medmcqa_train
A patient has a goiter associated with high plasma levels of both TRH and TSH. Her hea rate is elevated. This patient most likely has which condition?
A hypothalamic tumor secreting large amounts of TRH would stimulate the pituitary gland to secrete increased amounts of TSH. As a result, the secretion of thyroid hormones would increase, which would result in an elevated hea rate. In comparison, a patient with either a pituitary tumor secreting large amounts of TSH or...
158,872
medmcqa_train
Which of the following statement about the primary lymphedema is NOT TRUE?
Primary Lymphedema: It has been generally been classified on the basis of the age of onset and presence of familial clustering. Primary lymphedema with onset before the age first year (with in two year according to L & B) of life is called is called congenital. The familial version of congenital lymphedema is known as ...
158,873
medmcqa_train
WHO recommended tetanus toxoid dose/s to prevent maternal and neonatal tetanus for a pregnant woman whose previous immunization status is not known is/are -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., 2 * Guidelines recommeded for prevention of neonatal tetanus are:-1) Training of birth attendants to provide clean delivery. Clean delivery mainly concentrates on three things:i) Hand (of attendant)ii) Delivery surfaceiii) Cord3 cleans5 cleans7 cleans (proposed under RCH+III)Clean HandClean HandsClean...
158,874
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EGFR antagonist, Cetuximab is used in cases of
Cetuximab and pemtumomab are directed against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a transmembrane glycoprotein involved in signaling pathways affecting growth and proliferation of tumor cells. Both cetuximab and pemtumomab, when given alone, have been shown to benefit a small propoion of previously treated pat...
158,875
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The sodium gradient across the nerve cell membrane IS:
The sodium- potassium pump uses the energy contained in ATP to maintain the sodium gradient across the membrane. The sodium gradient, in turn, is used to transport other substances across the membrane. For example, the NaCa exchanger uses the energy in the sodium gradient to help maintain the low intracellular calcium ...
158,876
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Late hyperglycemia in pregnancy is associated with:
“Hyperglycemia at the time of conception results in enhanced rates of spontaneous abortion and major congenital malformations. Hyperglycemia in later pregnancy increases the risk for macrosomia, hypocalcemia, polycythemia, respiratory difficulties, cardiomyopathy, and congestive heart failure.” COGDT 10/e, p 316 Macros...
158,877
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A male 45 year old presents to the clinic for general routine checkup. The patient is hypertensive and diabetic and is on medication. General examination reveals RBS levels 180 mg/dl and elevated levels of HDL. Which of the following is not true regarding the lipoprotein levels of the patient?
HDL concentrations vary reciprocally with plasma triacylglycerol concentrations and directly with the activity of lipoprotein lipase. This may be due to surplus surface constituents, eg, phospholipid and apo A-I, being released during hydrolysis of chylomicrons and VLDL and contributing toward the formation of preβ-HDL...
158,878
medmcqa_train
Which of the following organelle plays a pivotal role in apoptotic pathways?
Mitochondria are essential in controlling specific apoptosis pathways. The redistribution of cytochrome c, as well as apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), from mitochondria during apoptosis leads to the activation of a cascade of intracellular proteases known as caspases. Ref: Beal M.F., Hauser S.L. (2012). Chapter 366. Bi...
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Raised serum level of lipoprotein-a is a predictor of -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Atherosclerosis Lipoprotein - (a) o Lp (a) is a lipoprotein similar to LDL in lipid and protein composition, but it contains an additional protein called apolipoprotein (a). o Elevated level of Lp (a) is associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis. o How does Lp (a) increase the risk of atherosc...
158,880
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Best time for surgery of Undescended testis is:
Management: Orchidopexy, Ideal time: 6-12 months of age. (Best time is 6 months) Types of Orchiopexy 1. Fowler-Stephens orchidopexy 2. Microvascular testicular autotransplanatation (Best results) 3. Ladd and Gross orchidopexy 4. Ombridanne's orchidopexy 5. Placing testis in Daos pouch 6. Keetley-Torek orchidopexy Diagn...
158,881
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IFN-a and IFN-b are produced by the virus-infected cell due to the interaction of virus nucleic acid with which of the following?
Following virus entry into a cell, the virus initiates replication and the viral nucleic acid interacts with specific microbial sensors (TLR3, TLR7, TLR 9, RIG-1, and MDA-5). This interaction triggers cellular production of IFN that is secreted from the infected cell.Jawetz 27e pg: 130
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Incubation period of staphylococcal food poisoning is:
Ans.is 'a' i.e., 4-6 hours (Ref: Ananthanarayan, 9th/e, p. 202 and 8th/e, p. 198)* Incubation period of staphylococcal food poisoning is 1-6 hours.* Toxin can be detected by ELISA, Latex agglutination test and toxin gene detection by PCR.
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All of the statements regarding progesterone only pill are true, except
Failure rate of combined OCP is 0.2/100 women years, whereas failure rate of progesterone only pill is about 0.5 - 2 per 100 women years of use. Progesterone only pill acts by thickening cervical mucous, causing atrophy of endometrium or by inhibiting ovulation.
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False about TGA
Patient with comlete TGA with intact ventricular septum will be cyanotic at bih. TGA may be associated with VSD. Patient may develop CHF within Weeks. Arotic stenosis is not a feature of TGA. Ref: Ghai essential of pediatrics, eighth edition, p.no:425
158,885
medmcqa_train
Roopa Devi, a 65-year-old female with ovarian cancer is being treated with cisplatin-bassed chemotherapy. All of the following are used to limit the toxicity of cisplatin except:
(Ref: Harrison 18th/697) The patient de3scribed in the question has hemorrhagic cystitis caused by drugs like cyclophospamide or ifosfamide is caused by the urinary excretion of the toxic metabolite acrolein. This can be prevented by aggressive hydration, bladder irrigation, and administration of mesna, a sulfhydryl co...
158,886
medmcqa_train
Wermer's syndrome (multiple endocrine neoplasia type I) is characterised by all of the following except-
MEN type 1 (MEN 1), which is also referred to as Wermer's syndrome, is characterized by the triad of tumors involving the parathyroids, pancreatic islets (gastrinomas, insulinomas, nonfunctioning and PPoma, glucagonoma, VIPoma) and anterior pituitary (prolactinoma, somatotrophinoma, coicotropinoma, nonfunctioning). Ref...
158,887
medmcqa_train
Which of the following is the meaning of 'Corpus delicti' in forensic medicine?
The Corpus delicti (the body of offence or the essence of crime) means, the facts of any criminal offence, i.e., murder. The main pa of corpus delicti is the establishment of identity of the dead body, and identification of violence in a paicular way, at a paicular time and place, by the person or persons charged with ...
158,888
medmcqa_train
Unit of absorbed dose of radiation -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Grayo 100 Rad is equal to 1 gray or 1 rad is equal to 0[?]01 gray.Quantity measuredOld unitNew (SI) unit RadioactivityCurieBecquerel1 curie = 3[?]7 x 1010 Becquerel1 Becquerel = 2[?]7 x 10-11 curieRadiation exposureRoentgenColumb/cm Absorbed doseRadGray (Gy)100 rad = 1 Gray1 rad = 0[?]01 GrayDose equi...
158,889
medmcqa_train
Which of the following is Climber's muscle -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Lattissimus Dorsi o Lattissimus Dorsi is sometimes referred as the 'Climber's muscles' as it comes in visible action in climbing up the trees, so also in swimming and rowing.Special nameMuscleBoxers muscleSerratus anteriorTailer's muscleSartoriusRider's muscleAdductors of thighClimber's muscleLattissi...
158,890
medmcqa_train
Which one of the following neurological conditions is not inherited in autosomal dominant pattern
Friedreich ataxia Gene :FXN,locus:9q21.1 ; protein :frataxin; repeat GAA; normal: 7-34 ; Disease :34-80 (pre); >100 (full) Friedreich ataxia is an inherited condition that affects the nervous system and causes movement problems.This condition is caused by mutations in the FXN gene and is inherited in an autosomal reces...
158,891
medmcqa_train
Subtype of leprosy with maximum number of TH -1 cells -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., TT TT --4. Max. no. of CD4 - T cells (TH -1) 11, --II. Max. no. of CD8 - T cells
158,892
medmcqa_train
Which among the following is bile esculin positive and shows growth in 6.5% sodium chloride?
- Enterococcus faecalis can- - Resist 6.5% NaCL - Resist 40% bile - Temperature of >55o C They are bile esculin positive. Bile esculin agar is used to culture. Black coloured colonies are seen. In gram staining, Spectacle like appearance is present
158,893
medmcqa_train
A 40-year-old man has been bothered by oral candidiasis, fever, and diarrhea for the past year. On physical examination, he has muscle wasting. His weight is 70% of normal for his height and age. He has generalized nontender lymphadenopathy, but no hepatosplenomegaly. He developed three irregular, 1- to 2-cm, reddish-p...
The reddish-purple lesions are typical of Kaposi sarcoma in a patient with wasting syndrome, oral thrush, and lymphopenia characteristic of HIV infection with AIDS. Hepatitis C virus is unlikely to produce skin lesions or lymphopenia of this degree. Herpes simplex virus infections may be seen more frequently in HIV inf...
158,894
medmcqa_train
In a right-handed person, which of the following signs is not a characteristic feature of occlusion in the right middle cerebral aery?
Middle cerebral aery syndrome is a condition whereby the blood supply from the middle cerebral aery (MCA) is restricted, leading to a reduction of the function of the poions of the brain supplied by that vessel: the lateral aspects of frontal, temporal and parietal lobes, the corona radiata, globus pallidus, caudate an...
158,895
medmcqa_train
A 56 year old female is brought to casualty with acute narrow angle glaucoma. She has severe pain in her eye and it spreads. The radiation of pain in acute narrow angle glaucoma is in the distribution of:
Acute primary angle glaucoma: It occurs due to a sudden total angle closure leading to severe rise in intraocular pressure (IOP). Typically acute attack is characterized by sudden onset of very severe pain in the eye which radiates along the branches of 5th nerve. Nausea, vomiting and prostrations are frequently associ...
158,896
medmcqa_train
Which among the following is not true about otosclerosis?
Otosclerosis- Enchondral bone conve to spongy bone (Fissula ante fenestrum is mc site )- Conductive Hearing loss- Paracusis willsi - patient hear better in noisy - Eustachian tube is normal- Carha's notch - dip at 2000hz
158,897
medmcqa_train
Organic cause for erectile dysfunction is most commonly: March 2009
Ans. B: Vascular ED is essentially a vascular disease. It is often associated with other vascular diseases and conditions such as diabetes, hypeension, and coronary aery disease. Other conditions associated with ED include neurologic disorders, endocrinopathies, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and depression. Conditions ...
158,898
medmcqa_train
A 44 yr old female presented with bony pain.On general examination hepatospleenomegaly was observed.Biopsy from spleen shows crumpled tissue paper appearance.Which of the following product is likely to have accumulated?
GAUCHER DISEASE: It is one of the most common lysosomal storage diseases There are 3 clinical subtypes delineated by the absence or presence and progression of neurologic manifestations: type 1 or the adult, nonneuronopathic form; type 2, the infantile or acute neuronopathic form; and type 3, the juvenile or subacute n...
158,899
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