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Septic arthritis in a 2-year-old child is often caused by –
Bacteria are the most common pathogens in acute skeletal infections. The microbial spectrum is diverse in suppurative arthritis, but Staphylococcus aureus infection is most common. Salmonella is the most common cause of osteomyelitis in children with sickle cell anemia.
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Cell lining of small intestine -
Explainatin 2: The intestinal epithelium is the layer of cells that forms the luminal surface or lining of both the small and large intestine (colon) of the gastrointestinal tract. It is composed of simple columnar epithelium. It has two important functions: absorbing helpful substances and providing a barrier against ...
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Patient with 37 week AOG, centrally located placenta previa presented with bleeding per vaginum. Management:
Ans. (a) Caesarean sectionRef : D.C. Dutta 8th ed. / 290-92; William's 23rd ed. Chapter 35.* Placenta previa-placenta located at LUS.* One of the most commoncause of APH.* In case of centrally located placenta previa -mode of delivery is always CS.Management of placenta previa depends on its type- 4 typesIndication for...
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Which of the following techniques in the best for differentiating recurrence of brain tumour from radiation therapy induced necrosis?
Ans. is 'c' ie PET scan (Ref: Harrison, 16/e, p2460)."MRI or CT scans are often unable to distinguish radiation necrosis from recurrent tumor, but PET or SPECT scans may demonstrate that glucose metabolism is increased in tumor tissue but decreased in radiation necrosis." - Harrison.
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A 27 yr old boy has itchy, excoriated papules on the forehead and exposed pas of the arms and legs for 3 years. The disease was most severe in the rainy season and improved completely in winter. What is the most likely diagnosis?
In this case, diagnosis can be made by excluding each option. This patient is least likely to have scabies, as it does not produce lesions on the face in adults. Atopic dermatitis is unlikely since he is giving a history of similar lesions only since 3 years. In atopic dermatitis lesions first appears in infancy and th...
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Most important layer of a slow sand filter is -
This is confusing one because of the following statements of Park. "The most important part of the filter is the sand bed" - Park "The vital layer is the heart of the slow sand filter" - Park Following statement may help in choosing the answer : - "Vital layer is the layer that provides the effective purification in...
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A rickshaw is run over legs of a child making markings of tyre on the legs. Which type of injury is this?
Patterned abrasion. Patterning of abrasions The patterning of abrasions is clearer than that of bruises because abrasions frequently take a fairly detailed impression of the shape of the object causing them and, once inflicted, do not extend or gravitate; therefore, they indicate precisely the area of application of fo...
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Asher man n syndrome is secondary to -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Tuberculosis Asherman's syndrome (AS) or Fritsch syndromeo It is a condition characterized by adhesions and/or fibrosis of the endometrium most often associated with dilation and curettage of the intrauterine cavity:o Intrauterine adhesions can also form after infection with tuberculosis or schistosom...
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What is the age of tendon transfer in post polio residual paralysis -
Ans. is 'd' i.e., > 5 years * The available musclepower is redistributed either to equalize an unbalanced paralysis, or to use the motorpower for a more useful function.* It is not done before 5 years of age, asthe child has to be manageable enough tobe taught proper exercises.* More commonlyperformed tendon transfers ...
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Alosetron is
.
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Vitamin A prophylaxis is given to children every:September 2007
Ans. B: 6 monthsNational programme for prevention of nutritional blindness focuses onPromoting consumption of vitamin A rich foods by pregnant and lactating women and by children under 5 years of age.Administration of massive doses of vitamin A up to 5 years. First dose of 100,000 IU with measles vaccination at 9 month...
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In comparison to hyperplasia, hyperophy involves?
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Increase in cell size without increase in number Hyperplasia Increase in cell number without increasing in size o Occurs due to proliferation of cells Occurs only in cell capable of division DNA content in nuclei is same as normal cells o Example of tissues --> Breast, endometrium, liver, kidney Hyper...
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This milestone is achieved by _________
At 10 months Sits up alone and indefinitely without suppo Pulls to a standing position Walks holding furniture Grabs objects with thumb and forefinger Pokes at things with forefingers Uncovers hidden toy Mama, dada sounds (repetitive consonant sounds) Responds to the sound of a name Plays Peek-a-boo Waves bye-bye Ref :...
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Which of the following is used for initial screening of auditory function in a neonate?
Most screening programmes for newborn hearing ability uses otoacoustic emission as the initial test. It this test fails then auditory brainstem response is used for screening. Otoacoustic emissions are low level sound emitted spontaneously by the cochlea on presentation of an auditory stimulus. Persons with normal hear...
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The recommended oral dose of vitamin A in pregnant females is:
Ans. c. 2,00,000 U style="font-size: 1.04761904761905em; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif; margin: 0 0 0 8px; text-indent: 0">'There was a previous recommendation by WHO on giving 2 lacs IU of Vitamin A to pregnant women immediately after delivery, which was withdrawn in 2011.'
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Not true regarding Sudden infant death syndrome
SIDS / COT DEATH / CRIB DEATH :- It is sudden & unexpected death of seemingly healthy infant whose death remains unexplained even after comp. autopsy. Factors associated with SIDS :- Age = 2 month to 2 years Sex = Male Time = early morning Twins Mother = smoking during pregnancy
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Which vitamin is given in type 2B familial hyperlipidemia?
Niacin or nicotinic acid is vitamin. Niacin is conveed to its coenzyme forms NAD and NADPTreatment of hyperlipidemia:Niacin (at doses of 1.5 g/day or 100 times the Recommended Dietary Allowance or RDA) strongly inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue--the primary producer of circulating free fatty acids. The liver normall...
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Doxylamine used in management of nausea and vomiting is marketed with which vitamin ?
Ans. is'd'i.e., PyridoxineDoxylamineSedative H1 antihistamine with prominent anticholinergic activity. Marketed in combination with pyridoxine, it is specifically promoted in India for 'morning sickness' (vomiting of early pregnancy), although such use is not made in the UK and many other countries.
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Maximum tensile strength is recovered in wound area during what period after an injury?
Net collagen accumulation, however, depends not only on increased collagen synthesis but also on decreased degradation. When sutures are removed from an incisional surgical wound, usually at the end of the first week, wound strength is approximately 10% that of unwounded skin. Wound strength increases rapidly over the ...
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Characteristic of acute inflammation is
Ref Robbins 8/e p 45 ,9/e p74 The acute inflammatory response rapidly delivers leuko- cytes and plasma proteins to sites of injury. Once there, leukocytes clear the invaders and begin the process of digesting and getting rid of necrotic tissues. Acute inflammation has two major components (Fig. 2-2): * Vascular changes...
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All are components of GCS EXCEPT:
ANSWER: (B) RespirationREF: Harrison 18t ed table 267-1GLASGOW COMA SCALE 123456EyesDoes not open eyesOpens eyes in response to painful stimuliOpens eyes in response to voiceOpens eyes spontaneouslyN/AN/AVerbalMakes no soundsIncomprehensiblesoundsUttersinappropriatewordsConfused,disorientedOriented,conversesnormallyN/A...
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Deficiency of the 'intrinsic factor of Castle' causes:
Answer is B (Pernicious Anemia) Deficiency of Intrinsic factor leads to a specific form of vitamin B12 deficiency megaloblastic anemia called `Pernicious Anemia'. Pernicious Anemia also known as Addison's Anemia is a megaloblastic anemia due to deficiency of intrinsic factor (secreted by parietal cells of gastric mucos...
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Urinary incontinence results from all except -
Rectovesical fistula doesn’t cause urinary incontinence, as the level of fistula is above the sphincter mechanism.
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Morbid jealousy is most often seen in patients taking
Some Complications of Alcohol Dependence Medical Complications Central Nervous System: i. Peripheral neuropathy ii. Delirium tremens iii. Rum fits (Alcohol withdrawal seizures) iv. Alcoholic hallucinosis v. Alcoholic jealousy vi. Wernicke-Korsakoff psychosis vii. Marchiaa-Bignami disease viii. Alcoholic dementia ix. Su...
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Most common subtype of thyroid cancer is?
ANSWER: (B) Papillary carcinomaREF: Sabiston 18th ed chapter 36, Schwartz 9th ed chapter 38Papillary carcinoma is the most common of the thyroid neoplasms and is usually associated with an excellent prognosis, particularly in female patients younger than 40 years. About 70% to 80% of patients in the United States in wh...
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A 35 yr old P 3+0 is observed to have CIN grade III on colposcopic biopsy. Best treatment will be
LEEP Repeat All India 2009 "Although CIN can be treated with a variety of techniques, the preferred treatment for CIN 2 and 3 has become LEE?" - Novak's Gynecology p582 Though the patient is 35 yrs old and has completed her family, still hysterectomy won't be treatment of choice as-"Hysterectomy is currently considered...
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Lipschutz inclusion bodies are seen in infects caused by-
Herpes Simplex Viruses Infection Laboratory Diagnosis 1. Light Microscopy - cells from the base of the lesion, or wiped from a mucous surface, or biopsy material, may reveal intranuclear inclusions (Lipschutz inclusion bodies). Infected cells may show ballooning and fusion. 2. Electron Microscopy - Electron microscopy ...
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Which of the following antibodies is the most specific for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis?
Ans. d. Anti-CCP (Ref: Harrison 19/e p2136, 18/e p2745; CMDT 09/727)Anti-CCP antibodies are the most specific blood test for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis."Anti CCP antibodies are the most specific blood test for rheumatoid arthritis (specificity ~95%)."- CMDT 09/727"Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP)...
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Glomus tumour invading the veical pa of the carotid canal. It is
FISCH classification is used for glomus tumours based on the extension into surrounding anatomic structures. Type A tumour - Tumour limited to the middle ear cleft (glomus tympanicum) Type B tumour - Tumour limited to the tympanomastoid area with no infralabyrinthine compament involvement Type C tumour - Tumour involvi...
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An elective surgery is to be done in a patient taking heavy doses of Aspirin. Management consists of :
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Stop aspirin for 7 days and then do surgery "Aspirin should be stopped 1 week before elective surgery." - KDT Aspirin, even in small doses, irreversibly inhibits Thrombooxane A2 (TXA2) synthesis by platelets. Thus it interferes with platelet aggregation and increase the bleeding time. This effect last...
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A point that falls on horopter excites:
Ans. Corresponding retinal points
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Xerophthalmia is considered a problem in a community if:-
Prevalence criteria for determining the Xerophthalmia problem in a community: Criteria Prevalence Night blindness >1.0% Bitot's spots >0.5% Corneal xerosis / corneal ulceration / keratomalacia >0.01% Corneal ulcer >0.05% Serum retinol >5.0%
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Nerve supplying Gemellus inferior
Nerve to Obturator internus supplies obturator internus and Gemellus superior. Nerve to Quadratus femoris supplies Quadratus femoris and Gemellus inferior
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Ca-wheel appearance of tympanic membrane in ASOM is due to
In the stage of presuppuration of ASOM, there is congestion of pars tensa. A leash of blood vessels appears along the handle of malleus and at the periphery of tympanic membrane impaing it a ca-wheel appearance. (Ref: Textbook of diseases of ENT, Dhingra 7th edition; pg no 67)
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Regarding Case Control Study true is
(A) Useful for rare diseases # CASE-CONTROL STUDY: Both exposure & outcome have occurred before the start of the study the study proceeds backwards from effect to cause; & it uses a control or comparison group to support or refute an inference.ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CASE CONTROL STUDIESADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES1...
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Laboratory evaluation for the differential diagnosis of chronic myeloproliferative disorders includes all the following evcepr :
Answer is C (Flow cytometry) respective myeloproliferative disorde Myeloproliferative disorder Useful tests Polycythemia vera Elevated Red cell mass / with normal erythropoetin levels Chronic myeloid leukemia Chromosomal demonstration of Philadelphia chromosome or bcr /abl translocation Chronic idiopathic Myelofibrosis...
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Scabies, an infection of the skin caused by Sarcoptes scabiet, is an example of:
D i.e. Water related disease Scabies is water washed (category II) water related disease.
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A VDRL reactive mother gave bih to an infant. All of the following would help in determining the risk of transmission to the infant, Except
Positive TPHA mother is responsible for transmission of infection to the infant In infants, no test (even TPHA) can show the difference between asymptomatic infected and noninfected. VDRL -- detect antibody titer raised in both infants and mother suggests the transmission 4 weeks before delivery treatment should be com...
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The components of the respiratory control pattern generator is responsible for automatic respiration. Pacemaker regulating the rate of respiration is:
Rhythmic respiration is initiated by a small group of synaptically coupled pacemaker cells in the pre-Botzinger complex (pre-BOTC) on either side of the medulla between the nucleus ambiguus and the lateral reticular nucleus. These neurons discharge rhythmically, and they produce rhythmic discharges in phrenic motor neu...
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Mizuo phenomenon is seen in:
Ans. b. Oguchi's disease Mizuo phenomenon is seen in Oguchi \ disease."In Oguchis disease the characteristic golden yellowish metallic sheen (color) of posterior pole (fundus) in light adapted state reverts to normal after prolonged dark adaptation, a phenomenon described by and named after Japanese ophthalmologist Miz...
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Hypophosphatemia is seen in all except:
Answer is A (Acute renal failure): Renal insufficiency is associated with hyperphosphatemia due to impaired renal phosphate excretion. Acute renal failure: 'Mild Hyperphosphatemia is an almost invariable complication of Acute Renal Failure. Severe hyperphosphatemia may develop in highly catabolic patients or following ...
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Crepitus over skin of the swollen limb should ale on possibility of: KCET 13
Ans. Gas gangrene
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Mutation seen in malignant melanoma is
CDKN2A is a complex locus that encodes three different tumor sup- pressors, p15/INK4b, p16/INK4a, and p14/ARF. Of these, loss of p16/INK4a is clearly implicated in human melanoma, and experimental evidence also suppos a role for loss of p14/ARF. As already mentioned, p16/ INK4a inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4)...
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Sample registration is done
Sample registration system (SRS) SRS is taken once every 6 months It is a dual record data collection system of India Therefore, it is the most accurate data collection system of India
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Renal osteodystrophy differs from nutritional osteomalacia by having______.
Ans. a (Increased phosphates) (Ref. H-17th/2694)In addition to measuring serum calcium, it is useful to determine albumin, phosphorus, and magnesium levels. As for the evaluation of hypercalcemia, determining the PTH level is central to the evaluation of hypocalcemia. A suppressed (or "inappropriately low") PTH level i...
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True or false 1. Bronchoscopy with BAL is mainstay of diagnosis for pneumocystic pneumonia 2. Pneumatoceles are seen in all cases of pneumocystic pneumonia 3. CD4 count < 350 /µL is indication for prophylaxis against pneumocyctis carini pneumonia 4. Trimethoprim - sulfamethoxazole is drug of choice for prophylaxis.
CD4 count <200 /µL is indication for prophylaxis. Pneumatoceles may be seen, but not in all cases.
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All are ture about innate immunity except ?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Not affected by genetic affected
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68-year-old male with hypeension presents for annual examination. On review of systems he repos urinary hesitancy and nocturia. Your examination reveals a nontender but enlarged prostate without nodules. On review of his blood pressure logs and clinic readings he is averaging values of 150/80 mm Hg. Wof medication offe...
a-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS Terazosin, Doxazosin These are long-acting congeners of prazosin with similar propeies but suitable for once daily dosing. advantages include * Does not impair carbohydrate metabolism; suitable for diabetics, but not if neuropathy is present, because postural hypotension is accentuated. * Has a sm...
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Which of the following is not capsulated -
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Proteus Capsuleo Many bacteria secrete a viscid material around the cel! surface,o When this is organized into a sharply defined structure, it is known as capsule,o Capsules are protective and protect the bacteria from phagocytosis and from lytic enzymes.o Some bacteria loose their capsules on repeate...
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In osteogenic sarcoma predominant histological finding is -
Ans. is 'b' i.e.. Osteoid forming tumor ceils [Ref: Apley's 9th/e p. 208}Histologic appearance of osteosarcomao It appears pale and extending through the cortex on gross cut section examination,o On histological sections it consists of malignant stromal tissue showing osteoid formation.o Osteoid bone formation by tumor...
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Word substitute used for alginate is:
Euphemisms
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A 55-year-old female presents to the surgeon with breast symptoms. Her right breast is swollen, red and tender. The physician palpates a firm area in the breast and suspects inflammatory breast cancer. Which of the following best describes the histological changes observed in this disorder?
Inflammatory breast cancer is a pattern of invasive breast cancer in which the neoplastic cells infiltrate widely through the breast tissue. The cancer involves dermal lymphatics and therefore has a high incidence of systemic metastasis and a poor prognosis. If the lymphatics become blocked, then the area of skin may d...
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The poor prognostic factor associated with ALL in children is
The standard features are age and WBC at diagnosis, with infants (less than one year), adolescents (greater than nine years), and children with WBC above 50,000/ml being at higher risk. Ceain chromosomal abnormalities are also strong predictors; in paicular, the Philadelphia chromosome and MLL gene rearrangements (espe...
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Multiple intrahepatic bile duct dilation with bile lakes and concurrent sepsis is suggestive of
Caroli's disease Clinical features : Symptoms include cholangitis (64%), poal hypeension (22%) and abdominal pain(18%) More common in males Septa containing poal veins protrude into the lumen of the ecstatic bile ducts (central dot sign) The main and often the only symptom of bacterial cholangitis secondary to caroli's...
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Vitamin that acts like a hormone
(D) Vitamin D # Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that acts as a steroid hormone.> Several hormones, including adrenal and gonadal steroid hormones, thyroid hormones, retinoid hormones, and vitamin D, bind with protein receptors inside the cell rather than in the cell membrane. Because these hormones are lipid soluble...
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Rivastigmine & donepezil are drugs used predominantly in the management of -
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Dementia o Rivastigmine, Donepezil, Galantamine and tacrine all are central cholinesterase inhibitors and are used in senile dementia of Alzheimer's desease.
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Zellweger syndrome is due to
Zellweger syndrome is due to absence of peroxisomes in all most all tissues, as a result of which long chain fatty acids are not oxidized and accumulated in live and brain. So this syndrome is also called as cerebrohepatorenal syndrome.
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Which of the following is a VEGF inhibitor?
Cetuximab, Bevacizumab, Sunitinib, Sorafenib acts as VEGF inhibitors inhibiting angiogenesis.Ref: Sharma and Sharma 3rd ed/pg 875
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One virus particles prevents multiplication of 2nd virus. This phenomena is:
Viral interference Interference in which infectionof a cell by one virus inhibits simultaneous or subsequent infection by another virus. Most important mediator of interference is interferon. Interference produced by destruction of cell receptors is seen with myxoviruses and enterovirus. It is applied in the field in c...
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'Presacral fascia' is derivative of
.
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Which are first order neuron in optic pathway-
in visual sensation first order neurons lies in the bipolar cell layer of retina. Reference: textbook of comprehensive Opthalmology by AK Khurana.
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Which is more common in primigravida than multigravida :
Hyperemesis
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Local anaesthesia causing metheaEUR' moglobinemia
Prilocaine
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What is the name of this retractor?
Ans. (a) Deavers retractorDeavers retractor* Used to retract liver without any damage to liver parenchyma.* Used during Cholecystectomy to retract liver.* Used during Pancreatico jejunostomy to retract Stomach* Used in places where a careful retraction without organ damage is needed.Other RetractorsThompson Self Retain...
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FK 506 is a type of:
Tacrolimus (FK506)- structurally a macrolide antibiotic which is a newer immunosuppressant chemically different from cyclosporine, but having the same mechanism of action, and is -100 times more potent. It binds to a different cytoplasmic immunophilin protein labeled 'FKBP', but the subsequent steps are the same, i.e. ...
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A potent inhibitor of protein synthesis that acts as an analogue of aminoacyl t-RNA is
Puromycin is an aminonucleoside antibiotic, derived from the Streptomyces alboniger bacterium, that causes premature chain termination during translation taking place in the ribosome. Pa of the molecule resembles the 3&; end of the aminoacylated tRNA. It enters the A site and transfers to the growing chain, causing the...
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All of the following are true of Reye's syndrome, except -
Reye's syndrome , a serious complication in children that is associated with influenza B and to a lesser extent with influenza A virus infection as well as with varicella-zoster virus infection. An epidemiologic association between Reye's syndrome and aspirin therapy for the antecedent viral infection has been noted, a...
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Along a pleasant stimulus, noxious stimuli are given in treatment of alcohol dependence or sexual disorder is which of the following type of behaviour therapy
Aversion TherapyAversion therapy is used for the treatment of conditions which are pleasant but felt undesirable by the patient, e.g. alcohol dependence, transvestism, ego-dystonic homosexuality, other sexual detions. The underlying principle is the pairing of the pleasant stimulus (such as alcohol) with an unpleasant ...
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Which of the following is the etiological agent for the given case below:
Ans. (A) Congenital(Ref: Apley's System of orthopedics and Fracture 9th Ed; Page No- 465-66)Presence of a hemivertebra- Congenital Scoliosis.Neurofibromatosis: It is associated with scoliosis. The scoliotic curve is typically 'short and sharp and is associated with skin lesions.Idiopathic: It usually resolves spontaneo...
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Avascular necrosis of which of the following bone result in Kohler's Disease?
Osteochondritis of Navicular bone is known as Kohler's Disease. It results in avascular necrosis of Navicular bone.
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All of the following drains into coronary sinus, EXCEPT?
The coronary sinus receives blood mainly from the small, middle, great and oblique cardiac veins. It also receives blood from the left marginal vein and the left posterior ventricular vein. It drains into the right atrium. The anterior cardiac veins do not drain into the coronary sinus but drain directly into the right...
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Gates Glidden drill is used to:
The Gates-Glidden drill is used to: Remove the lingual shoulder during access preparation of the anterior teeth Enlarge root canal orifices. Textbook of Endodontics Nisha GARG 3rd ED
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MCARDLE's maximum allowable sweat rate for 4 hours is
Mc Ardle's maximum allowable sweat rate:4.5 litre/ 4 hours. Predicted 4 hr sweat rate (P4SR) in comfo zone is 1-3 L Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 25th edition, Page No. 792
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A 50-year-old lady presented with a 3-month history of pain in the lower third of the right thigh. There was no local swelling; tenderness was present on deep pressure. Plain X-rays showed an ill-defined intra medullary lesion with blotchy calcification at the lower end of the right femoral diaphysis, possibly enchondr...
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Tumour permeation between bony trabeculae at periphery Chondroma (enchondroma) Vs Chondrosarcoma o The term chondroma is used for benign neoplasm composed of cailage. It is of two types : - i) Enchondroma : - Cailage tumors occuring within the bone. ii) Periosteal chondroma : - Cailage tumors occuring...
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Diagnostic criteria for ARDS include all except
Diagnostic Criteria for ARDSSeverity: OxygenationMild: Pao2/Fio2 300-2 00 mmHgModerate: Pao2/Fio2 200-100 mmHgSevere: Pao2/Fio2 <= 100 mmHgOnsetAcuteChest RadiographBilateral alveolar or interstitial infiltratesAbsence of Left Atrial HypeensionPCWP <=18 mmHg or no clinical evidence of increased left atrial pressureRef:...
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Which of the following is true about Rotavirus -
rota virus are the commonest cause of diarrhea in infants and children the world over and account for half of the cases of children hospitalised for diarrhea REF:ANANTHANARYANAN TEXT BOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY 9EDITION PGNO.561
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Severe chronic MR is associated with -
Even in people with severe MR, there may be no signs or symptoms until the left ventricle fails, an abnormal hea rhythm develops (atrial fibrillation), or pulmonary hypeension occurs. Pulmonary hypeension occurs when the blood pressure in the pulmonary aery is increased Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg 455
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Oligohydramnios causes include -
Ans-Di.e., Renal agenesis Oligohydramnioso In this condition, liquor amnii is deficient in an amount to the extent of fewer than 200 ml at term,o Sonographically it is defined as when the max vertical pocket of liquor amnii is less than 2 cm or when the amniotic fluid index is less than 5 cm (< 10 centiles). With AFI <...
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Which of the following disorder is characterised by intense nihilisim, somatization and agitation in old age?
Involutional melancholia refers to manic depressive disorder occuring during old age. Age of first presentation is 50 for women and 55 for men. Early symptoms include weight loss, insomnia, lack of interest in activities, poor concentration and low spirits. They also experience dejection, agitation, nihilistic delusion...
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A 35 year old female, with post coital bleeding, next step :
Ans. is a i.e. Clinical examination and pap smear Well friends first I want you to read what Williams has to say on Postcoital bleeding. "Bleeding following intercourse most commonly develops in women aged 20 to 40 years and in those who are multiparous. No underlying pathology is identified in up to two thirds. If an ...
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Which of the following is NOT an alpha-adrenoceptor agonist?
Clonidine, apraclonidine, brimonidine are selective alpha 2 agonists. Guanfacine and guanabenz are central alpha 2 agonists. Isoxsuprine is a selective beta-2- receptor agonist used to relax uterus. From medical pharmacology Padmaja 4th edition page no 101
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Female patient with injury on her scalp, hair was shaved and sutures were put. On which day sutures should be removed?
Ans. (a) 8-10 daysRef Sabiston 18th ed. 12134Scalp suture should be removed on 6th to 8th day. Given these options, 8-10 days is the best choice.Day of suture removal from different body areasBody areaSuture removal on* Scalp6-8 days* Face3-5 days* Chest, Abdomen8-10 days* Ear10-14 days* Extremities, back12 -14 days
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A lady with 8 wks pregnancy presented with random blood glucose of 177mg/dl. The treatment is :
Ans. is 'c' is insulin (Ref Dutta 6/e, p 288 (5/e, p. 304); Holland and Brews, 16/e, p. 107).Insulin is the only antidiabetic drug given in pregnancy to control increased blood sugar.Oral hypoglycemics are contraindicated in pregnancy because they cross placenta and have teratogenic effect on fetus.They cause fetal hyp...
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Preferred drug for alcohol withdrawal seizures is:
Benzodiazepines (Chlordiazepoxide,diazepam) are the preferred drugs due to long duration of action and can be gradually withdrawn later. Ref KD Tripati 8th ed.
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Estimated mean Hemoglobin (Hb) of 100 women is 10g%. Standard detion is 1 gm%. Standard error of estimated will be -
<p>standrad error of mean= standard detion/[?]n =1/[?]100 =1/10 =0.1 Parks textbook of preventive and social medicine.K Park. Edition 23.Pg no: 850 </p>
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HLA associated with psoriasis
Psoriasis is a long-lasting autoimmune disease which is characterized by patches of abnormal skin.] These skin patches are typically red, itchy, and scaly. They may vary in severity from small and localized to complete body coverage. Injury to the skin can trigger psoriatic skin changes at that spot, which is known as ...
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medmcqa_train
Which of the following is a cause of unilateral hyperlucent lung on chest radiography?
Poland's syndrome (unilateral congenital absence of pectoral muscles) causes unilateral hypertranslucency. Asthma & acute bronchiolitis cause bilateral hypertranslucency.
159,586
medmcqa_train
PGs in semen is secreted by
The seminal vesicles secrete a significant propoion of the fluid that ultimately becomes semen. Lipofuscin granules from dead epithelial cells give the secretion its yellowish color. About 50-70% of the seminal fluid in humans originates from the seminal vesicles, but is not expelled in the first ejaculate fractions wh...
159,587
medmcqa_train
During examination of parotid gland, parotid duct can be palpated at the following except:
Parotid Duct (Stenson’s Duct) Parotid duct, about 5 cm long, emerges from the middle of the anterior border of the gland and opens into the vestibule of the mouth opposite the crown of upper second molar tooth.
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medmcqa_train
Which is a glycoprotein, produced by many mammalian cells, and used in the treatment of hepatitis, papillomaviruses, hairy-cell leukemia and AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma?
All the above agents are synthetic analogues, except Interferon which is a glycoprotein produced by many types of mammalian cells. It has been shown to be useful in treatment of hepatitis, papillomaviruses, hairy-cell leukemia and AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Idoxuridine, as its name implies, is a synthetic pyrimidin...
159,589
medmcqa_train
The most likely cause of bihilar lymphadenopathy is
Sarcoidosis Chronic multisystem disorder of unknown cause characterized by accumulation of TH 1 lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocyte in various tissuesof body.Non-caseating sarcoid Granuloma in affected organsLungs (90%)Lymph nodesSkinOthersInterstitial lung disease (fibrosis of lung parenchyma)Pleura is involved, in ...
159,590
medmcqa_train
In a surgical post-op ward, a pt. developed wound infection. Subsequently 3 other pts. developed smilar infections in the ward. What is the most effective way of preventing the spread of infection -
Ans. is 'b' ie. Proper hand washing of all ward personnels "Given the prominence of cross infection, hand washing is the single most impoant preventive measure in the hospital" - Harrison 15/e Harrison 17/e writes- "Given the prominence of cross-infection, hand hygiene is the single most impoant preventive measure in h...
159,591
medmcqa_train
Cold spot is seen in all the following except:
Eosinophilic granuloma - shows osteoblastic activity - hotspot.
159,592
medmcqa_train
False about short bowel svndrome-
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Hirsutism Short bowel syndrome -o Presence of less than 200 cm of residual small bowrel in adult patients.o Insufficient absorptive capacity of small intestine results in diarrhea, dehydration and malnutition.Causes - Small intestine resection (massive) due toMassive resection in singleCumutative effe...
159,593
medmcqa_train
antipsychotic which has anti suicidal propey is
CLOZAPINE * Impoance * First SGA * TREATMENT FOR TREATMENT RESISTANT SCHIZOPHRENIA * TOC for TD * Anti suicidal * Psychosis in parkinsonian patients Ref. kaplon and sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, 935
159,594
medmcqa_train
Which is not a minor diagnostic criteria for multiple myeloma?
. Plasmacytoma on biopsy
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medmcqa_train
A 17 year old boy presented with total count of 138 x 109 /L with 80% blasts on the peripheral smear. Chest X-ray demonstrated a large mediastinal mass. Immunophenotyping of this patient's blasts would most likely demonstrate:
. An immature I$? cell phenotype (Tdt/D34/CD7 positive)
159,596
medmcqa_train
Drug of choice of typhoid -
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Ciprofloxacin o The older agents used for the treatment of typhoid were;ChloramphenicolAmpicilinTrimethoprim Sulfamethoxazoleo These drugs are not used nowdays because o f widespread resistance.o Nowdays the drug of choice for Typhoid all over the world is a "Fluroquinolone" (Ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin)...
159,597
medmcqa_train
Retrobulbar injection is given in -
It is given in the central space Central space : also called, muscular cone or retrobulbar space. It is bounded anteriorly by the Tenon's capsule lining back of the eyeball and peripherally by the four recti muscles and their intermuscular septa in the anterior pa. In the posterior pa, it becomes continuous with the pe...
159,598
medmcqa_train
Which of the following is not a tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinoma
CEA is raised in colon ca.
159,599
medmcqa_train