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True about anatomy of right ventricle
Forms the major poion of the anterior surface of the hea Right ventricle is divided into 2 pas: an inflow poion named "the sinus" and an outflow poion named "the conus" separated by the crista supraventricularis. As opposed to the normal left ventricle, the right ventricle is highly trabeculated the right ventricle is ...
159,700
medmcqa_train
Ratio of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in cotrimoxazole tablet is:-
COTRIMOXAZOLE This is a fixed dose combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in a ratio of 5:1. Due to different bioavailability (more for sulfamethoxazole), plasma concentration of the two drugs attained is 20:1 (in vivo), which is the best bactericidal concentration required. The bactericidal activity is due t...
159,701
medmcqa_train
Which is an example of disability limitation
Disability: Any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for human being. Disability Limitation: It is mode of intervention when patient repos late in the pathogenesis phase. The objective of this intervention is to prevent or halt the transition at' the ...
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Type B gastritis is
Type B gastritis mainly involves the region of antral mucosa (hence antral predominant not body predominant.) and is more common. It is also called hypersecretory gastritis due to excessive secretion of acid, commonly due to infection with H. pylori. These patients may have associated peptic ulcer. Unlike Type A gastri...
159,703
medmcqa_train
An ABG analysis shows : pH 7.2, raised pCO2, decreased HCO3; diagnosis is :
Answer is C (Respiratory and metabolic acidosis) The acid base disorder is therefore both respiratory and metabolic acidosis. There is acidosis (pH < 7.35). Raised PCO2 (acidosis) indicates that change in CO2 is in keeping with change in pH. The respiratory component is therefore primary. Decreased HCO3 (acidosis) indi...
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Storage temperature for vaccine is: A
+2degC to 8degC
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Retinoblastoma gene is located on chromosome -
Harshmohan textbook of pathology 7th edition RB gene is located on long arm chromosome 13. This is the first ever tumor suppressor gene identified and this has been amply studied..
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All are associated with AIDS EXCEPT:
ANSWER: (B) HypogammaglobulinemiaREF: Harrisons 18th ed chapter 189Even though HIV causes immune suppression, it causes hypergammaglobulinemia rather than hypogammglobulinemiaIncreased p24 antibody: basis for detection in window period.T cell anergy is commonly seen in HIVAbnormal response of T cells to mitogens is a t...
159,707
medmcqa_train
Hand deformity presennting as hyper-extension at the metcarpo phalaogeal joint and flexion at inter-phalanngeal joint, occurs due to paralysed
Interossei and lumbricalsflexes MCP (metacarpophallangeal joint) and extend IP (interphallangeal joint). Injury to interossei and lumbricals leads toclaw hand (extended MCP and flexed IP)
159,708
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Essential pentosuria is due to defect in
It is an inborn error of metabolism.In the pathway, L-xylulose is conveed to D-xylulose by two enzymes, xylitol dehydrogenase, and xylulose reductase.Absence of any of these enzymes leads to pentosuria.Ref: DM Vasudevan, 7th edition, page no: 135
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medmcqa_train
Anti retro viral drug causing urinary stones:
Ans: c (Indinavir) Ref: Harrison, 16th ed, p. 1127; 17th ed, p. 1192Indinavir is the antiretroviral drug which causes urinary stones.Classification of antiretro viral drugNucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)* Zalcitabine* Didanosine* Lamivudine* Zidovudine* Stavudine* Abacavir* EmtricitabineProtease inhib...
159,710
medmcqa_train
Lutembacher syndrome includes all the following except
Lutembacher syndrome is defined as a combination of mitral stenosis and a left-to-right shunt at the atrial levelTypically, the left-to-right shunt is an atrial septal defect (ASD) of the ostium secundum varietyBoth these defects, ASD, and mitral stenosis can be either congenital or acquired.(Refer: OP Ghai's Textbook ...
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Which of the following is false with regards to bupivacaine
Bupivacaine is contraindicated in Bier’s block or IVRA.
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Bains' circuit is Mapelson type - circuit -
Type A - Magills circuit Type C - Water,'s (to and from) circuit Type D - Bain's circuit Type E - Sure's T piece Type F -Jackson-Rees circuit.
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Iris lesion is seen in
Erythema multiforme(EM) is an acute ,self limiting skin disease charecterised by the abrupt onset of symmetrical target lesions. Erythema multiforme is a skin reaction that can be triggered by an infection or some medicines. The classic lesions are iris or target lesions which are less than 3 cm in diameter, rounded an...
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All are true about thiopentone except –
Thiopentone causes hypotension → contraindicated in shock & hypotensive states.
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Deposition of calcium in dying tissue is called
Dystrophic calcification is encountered in areas of necrosis of any type. It is viually inevitable in the atheromas of advanced atherosclerosis, associated with intimal injury in the aoa and large aeries and characterized by the accumulation of lipids Metastatic calcification can occur in normal tissues whenever there ...
159,716
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Heat rupture can be differentiated from incised wound by -
HEAT RUPTURE: If heat applied is very great skin contracts and heat rupture occurs either before or after death. heat rupture is differentiated from incised wounds by 1. absence of bleeding in the wound and surrounding tissues, since heat coagulates 2. intact vessels and nerves are seen in the floor 3. irregular margin...
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Vitamin K is involved in the post translational modification of
Refer Katzung 11/e p 595 Vitamin K causes gamma carboxylation of glutamate reduces in many clotting factors that result in their activation
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Double stranded RNA is seen in -
In reoviruses the double stranded RNA is transcribed into mRNA by viral polymerase REF:ANANTHANARAYAN AND PANIKER'S TEXTBOIK OF MICROBIOLOGY 9TH EDITION PAGE NO:433
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Which of the following viruses produce disease or sequelae that is/are more severe if the infection occurs at a very young age?
Infection with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) at bih or a very young age is associated with chronic HBV infection and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma later in life. In fact, infants born to Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive mothers are commonly infected, and approximately 90% become chronic carriers of ...
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All of the following are inducers of the microsomal enzyme system except?
.
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Increased alanine during prolonged fasting represents-
During prolonged fasting there is increased gluconeogenesis. Alanine is provided by the muscle is one of the substrates for gluconeogenesis and is called Glucose Alanine cycle. So plasma level of alanine increases in prolonged starvation.
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X-ray were discovered by -
(A) (Roentgen) (16 Apley 9th)* X-ray discovered by Roentgen in 1895.X-ray are produced by firing electrons at high speed onto a rotating anode. The resulting beam of X-rays is attenuated by the patient's soft tissues and bones, casting what are effectively, shadows, which are displayed as images on an appropriately sen...
159,723
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Serum marker indicating active viral replication in hepatitis-B is: September 2006, March 2013
Ans. B: HBeAg, D: HBV DNA The first detectable viral marker for hepatitis-B is HBeAg, followed by hepatitis B, e-antigen (HBeAg) and HBV DNA. Titers may be high during the incubation period, but HBV DNA and HBeAg levels begin to fall at the onset of illness and may be undetectable at the time of peak clinical illness. ...
159,724
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What is true about volume control ventilation:
With volume control ventilation, the inflation volume is preselected, and the lung are inflated at a constant flow rate until desired volume is delivered.
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Most common cataract in a newborn is –
A most common type of congenital cataract → punctate (blue dot) cataract. A most common type of cataract which is clinically (visually) significant → zonular or lamellar cataract.
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Accessory organ which may be found in stomach ?
Ans. is 'b' i.e., PancreasEctopic (Accessory) pancreatic tissue may be found in submucosa of :?Stomach Meckel's diveiculumDuodenum Gall bladderSmall intestine (jejunum, ileum) Spleen
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True about trisomies is -
Trisomy 21 or Down syndrome is the most common of the chromosomal disorder. The most common cause of trisomy and therefore of Down syndrome is meiotic nondisjunction (type II Meiosis error). a Maternal age has a strong influence on the incidence of trisomy 21. It occurs once in 1550 live births in women under age 20 in...
159,728
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All of the following therapies may be required in a 1-hour-old infant with severe bih asphyxia except-
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Dexamethasone Coicosteroids should not be used' - Paediatrics for doctors - Frankshann & John Vince Management Protocol The management protocol of babies with asphyxia : Oxygen. In the absence of continuous oxygen saturation monitoring, it is reasonable to give nasopharyngeal oxygen (0.5 litre/min) un...
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Condyloma acuminatum is caused by ?
Ans. is 'b' i.e., HPV Was . Was are caused by human papilloma virus (HPV)
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The most common form of PSVT?
Pathologic supraventricular tachycardia A. Tachycardia originating from the atriumDefining feature: tachycardia may continue despite beats that fail to conduct to the ventricles, indicating that the AV node is not paicipating in the tachycardia circuitB. AV nodal reentry tachycardiaDefining feature: paroxysmal regular ...
159,731
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A female having carcinoma cervix stage IIIb. What is the treatment:-
Rx of Cervical cancer NOTE: THERE IS NO ROLE OF SURGERY IN TREATMENT OF STAGE IIB AND ABOVE - Stage I - IIA - Surgical management: Radical Hysterectomy (aka type 3 hysterectomy) - Structures removed in radical hysterectomy are : Uterus, cervix, upper 1/3 - 1/2 of vagina, entire parametrium, uterine aery ligated at its ...
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The bottle feeding should be discontinued by the age of:
Prolonged bottle feeding more than 1 year can lead to ECC.
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A 1-year-old girl is brought to the emergency room by her parents who report she has had a fever and diarrhea for 3 days. Her temperature is 38degC (101degF). The CBC shows a normal WBC count and increased hematocrit (48 g/dL). Which of the following is the most likely cause of increased hematocrit in this patient?
Increased hematocrit in this patient reflects hemoconcentration caused by dehydration, secondary to diarrhea. This hematologic condition, termed relative polycythemia, is characterized by decreased plasma volume with a normal red cell mass. When patients suffer from burns, vomiting, excessive sweating, or diarrhea, the...
159,734
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In XLR diseases, a modified inheritance pattern called 'pseudodominance' occurs when
Ans. b (One parent is unaffected heterozygote and another is affected homozygote). (Fig. Harrison 18th/61/l 1)In most instances of AR inheritance, an affected individual is the offspring of heterozygous parents. In this situation, there is a 25% chance that the offspring will have a normal genotype, a 50% probability o...
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A 2hyr old women who had home delivery 2wks back now presents with complete perineal tear whats the next line of the management
complete prineal tear <24HRS= Repair immediately >24HRS - schedule after 3months REF : SHAW GYNECOLOGY
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Osmolality of plasma in a normal adult: September 2005, March 2012, September 2012
Ans. C: 280-290 mOsm/L Plasma osmolality is a measure of the concentration of substances such as sodium, chloride, potassium, urea, glucose, and other ions in blood Osmolal concencentration of plasma is 290 mOsm/L Osmolality of blood increases with dehydration and decreases with overhydration. In normal people, increas...
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Post gonococcal stricture urethra is most commonly situated in the -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Bulbar Urethra
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Not a second messenger:
None
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Conduction in which type of nerve fibres is blocked maximally by pressure
The velocity of conduction through a nerve fiber is directly proportional to the thickness of the axon. Thickest and fastest is A fibers. Among A fibers, the thickest is Aα. Hence the maximum affected by pressure will be Aα.
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Clozapine is used in:
Ans: b (Resistant schizophrenia) Ref: Katzung, 10th ed, p. 457Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic. It has weak D2 blocking action and produces few extrapyramidal side effects.lt inhibits 5-HT, receptor.The main adverse effects are agranulocytosis and other blood dyscrasias. It reduces seizure threshold. It is reserv...
159,741
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Most sensitive and specific marker for MI is?
Ref: Harrison 20th edition, P 384Cardiac specific markers of myocardial damage include quantitative determination of CK-MB, Troponin I and Troponin T. Troponins can become elevated by 3 hours. The circulating values remain elevated up to a week.
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Human development index includes A/E :
Ans. is 'a' i.e. Crude Death Rate Human development index : includesLongevity (Life expectancy at birth)knowledge (adult literacy rate and mean years of schooling)Income (reveal GDP per capita in purchasing power parity in US Dollars).* HDI values ranges between 0 to 1. the HDI value for a country shows the distance th...
159,743
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T/t used for lower ureteric stone is:
Answer is A (Endoscopic removal): Stones in the lower pa of ureter within 5-6 cm of ureteric orifice (that are small in size) are best managed by Ureteroscopic (Endoscopic) removal.
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Spot the diagnosis
Ref: Harsh Mohan, Textbook of Pathology, 7th ed. pg. 236The image shows basophilic stippling of red blood cells. The causes are:Mnemonic: LUNATIC* Lead poisoning* Unstable hemoglobin* Nucleotidase deficiency* Anemia due to B12 deficiency* Thalassemia* Infections* CirrhosisThe closest answer Pappenheimer bodies are baso...
159,745
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Prophylactic cranial irradiation is indicated in the treatment of all of the following, except:
All malignancies except hodgkin's lymphoma given in the question show discrimination CSF pathway and therefore require prophylactic Craniospinal irradiation. Ref: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 15th Edition, Page 2449
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Thermophile bacteria grow at -
Ans. is 'd' i.e., 60-80deg C Temperature requirement of bacteriao Bacteria vary in their requirements of temprature for growth.Psvchrophilic bacteria grow best at temperature below 20degCThermophilic bacteria grow best between 55-80degCMesophilic bacteria grow best between 25-40degC
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Drug which inhibits GPIIb/IIIa and is platelet anti Aggregatory:
Ans. D. TirofibanGP IIb/IIIA are the fibrogen activator receptor. On stimulating they activates the aggregation of platelets. Abciximab and tirofiban are the drugs which block these receptors and inhibit the platelet aggregation.
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Feto maternal transfusion is detected by:
Kleihauer-Betke test may be performed on maternal blood to assess the amount of fetomaternal bleed.The maternal blood is subjected to an acid solution.Acid will elute the adult hemoglobin,but not the fetal hemoglobin from the red cells.Hence fetal red cells appear dark red,adult red cells appear pale(ghost cells). TEXT...
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Which of the following tubes is used in surgery for cleft palate
RAE tube is used for surgery of cleft palate.
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A 72-year-old woman has had difficulty with vision in her right eye for 3 months. She also has pain in the right upper chest. The findings on physical examination include unilateral enophthalmos, miosis, anhidrosis, and ptosis on the right side of her face. A chest radiograph shows right upper lobe opacification and bo...
Horner syndrome is a result of sympathetic autonomic nerve involvement by invasive pulmonary carcinoma. Such a neoplasm in this location with these associated findings is called a Pancoast tumor. Infectious processes such as pneumonia are unlikely to impinge on structures outside the lung. Bronchiectasis destroys bronc...
159,751
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Most common cause of bone malignancy -
OSTEOLYTIC SECONDARIES Tumor cells produce growtl factors that stimulate bone destruction i.e. RANK &;igen& Osteoclasts are activated and break down bone Osteoblasts cannot build bone back fast enough Decreased bone density and strength: high risk for fracture OSTEOBLASTIC SECONDARIES Osteoblasts are stimulated by tumo...
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CrPC sec. 61-69 deals with
Summons/Subpoena is a document compelling the attendance of a witness in a cou of law, under penalty, on a paicular day, time and place for the purpose of giving evidence. Code of Criminal Procedure, from section 61 to 69 deals with the topic of summons. Ref: Krishnan vij Textbook of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology; 5...
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Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) was taken to prevent morbidity and moality from all except:
INTERGRATED MANAGEMENT OF CHILDHOOD ILLNESS (IMCI): IMCI is a 'strategy for reducing morbidity and moality associated with major causes of childhood illness' Curative component includes management of: Diarrhoea Measles (&otitis media) Pneumonia Malaria Malnutrition
159,754
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Oroya fever is caused by:
Ans: a. B. bacilliformis Baonellosis, or Carrion's disease, is caused by B. bacilliformisBaonellosis, or Carrion's disease, is caused by B. bacilliformis. The disease is characterized by two distinct phases:an acute febrile hematic phase, known as Oroya fever; andan eruptive phase manifested by cutaneous lesions, known...
159,755
medmcqa_train
A 30 year old male presented with insidious onset of diarrhea, steatorrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, migratory large joint ahropathy, fever and dementia. The most probable diagnosis is:
Whipple's disease is a chronic multisystem disease caused by tropheryma whipplei bacteria. Dementia is a late symptom. Diagnosed by PAS positive macrophages in small intestinal biopsy. DOC is double strength trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole. Ref: Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition, Page 2479
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End tracheostomy is performed in patients undergoing surgery for
Answer: a) Laryngectomy (DHINGRA 6th ED, P-316)TRACHEOSTOMY* Emergency tracheostomy* Elective or tranquil tracheostomy* Permanent tracheostomy* Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy* Mini tracheostomy (cricothyroidotomy)Emergency tracheostomy* It is employed when airway obstruction is complete or almost complete and t...
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Maximum "Endocapillary Proliferation" is seen in:
Post streptococcal
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Regarding adhesive intestinal obstruction, TRUE is ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Avoid surgery for initial 48-72 hours There are three main measures in the tit of acute intestinal obstruction. These are 1) Gastro intestinal drainage (Nasogastric suction) 2) Fluid and electrolyte replacement 3) Surgery for relief of obstruction The first two steps are always necessary prior to the ...
159,759
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PGE2 cause all except -
Ans. is 'a' i.e.. Water retention o Prostaglandins and thromboxanes are synthesised from arachidonic acid cobtained from membrane phospholipids due to action of phospholipase A2, rate limiting enzyme. A summary of the actions of major prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane Organ Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2a) Prostagla...
159,760
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A middle aged woman presented to the OPD with dull abdominal pain for 6 months. CT scan of pelvis showed a 7cm mass involving left ovary with irregular calcifications. The right fallopian tube & ovary are excised. What is the likely diagnosis?
.
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Hypovitaminosis D causes –
Hypocalcaemia (Hypoparathyroidism, hypovitaminosis D) causes zonular (lamellar) cataract.
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A 30 years old man presents with cramping gluteal pain after walking 500 meters. Which is the vessel involved?
Aoo-iliac disease - Tissue distal to aery occlusion becomes ischemic - as this aery supplies muscles - causes Intermittent claudication like Buttock, thigh, calf claudication andLeriche syndrome - Erectile dysfunction - Impotence
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Slit shaped nipple seen in
Answer- A. Duct ectasiaDuct ectasia is dilatation of lactiferous ducts associated with periductal inflammation.Chronic inflammation and scarring will lead to indrawing and slit-shaped inversion of the nipple.If secondary infection supervenes, a mammary duct fistula can also develop.
159,764
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A 27-yrs-old librarian has been worried that the small lymph nodes she can palpate in her groin are a sign of lymphoma. She also worries about developing laryngeal cancer due to the second-hand smoke she is exposed to at home. For a diagnosis of hypochondriasis, her symptoms should have been present for at least what p...
Hypochondriasis is defined by DSM-IV as a persistent fear, despite medical reassurance, that one has a serious physical illness. The patient's beliefs are based on misinterpretation of benign bodily symptoms. The belief is not of delusional propoions, and the condition must persist for 6 months for this diagnosis to be...
159,765
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Post-exposure immunization is done for
*MMR vaccine if administrate within 72 hours of exposure or immunoglobulin if administrate within 6 days of exposure provide some protection or modify the clinical course of disease. Measles vaccine Prepared in chick embryo cell line Thermolabile Injected subcutaneously Indication: Under national immunisation schedule ...
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In which of the following conditions the lead pipe appearance of the colon on a barium enema is seen?
Ans. Ulcerative colitis
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Epoophoron is a remnant of
Human embryology Inderbir Singh's; Tenth edition; Pg 315 We have seen that most of the mesonephric tubules disappear. Some persist to form the vasa deferentia. Other mesonephric tubules persist to form some vestigial structures that are seen near the testes Epoophron: This consists of a longitudinal duct running parall...
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Triad following massive blood transfusion includes: March 2012
Ans: C i.e. Alkalosis, hypothermia, hyperkalemia The complications usually seen with massive blood transfusion are: i) hyperkalemia, ii) Hypocalcemia, iii) Hyperammonemia, iv) Hypothermia, v) Metabolic alkalosis, vi) Dilutional coagulopathies, DIC & vii) ARDS.
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Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia is seen in
Classification of jaundice A. Predominantly unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia 1. increased production of bilirubin Hemolytic anemias Resorption of blood from intestinal hemorrhages(eg: gi bleeding, hematomas) Ineffective erythropoiesis 2. Reduced hepatic intake Drug that interfere with the membrane carrier systems Diffus...
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Sappey's line denotes a line -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Encircling the trunk..... Sappey's line defines a horizontal line around the waist extending from the umbilicus, along the iliac crests over to Ll. Lymphatic drainage of the skin above this line is to the axillary lymph nodes and below this line to the inguinal.
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Which of the following is characteristically not associated with the development of interstitial lung disease ?
Ref: Textbook of pathology (Harsh Mohan) 6th edition, page No.483 BRONCHIAL ASTHMA Asthma is a disease of airways that is characterised by increased responsiveness of the tracheobronchial tree to a variety of stimuli resulting in widespread spasmodic narrowing of the air passages which may be relieved spontaneously or ...
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Which nephritogenic antigen is detected in subepithelial humps of PSGN?
RF: Type II HSR PSGN: Type III HSR
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The most common type of intussuception is
.It is telescoping or invagination of one poion (segment) of bowel into the adjacent segment. Types 1. Antegrade--Most common. 2. Retrograde--Rare (jejunogastric in gastrojejunostomy stoma). In elderly intussusception: * Colocolic is most common type * Apex is formed usually by growth * No role of hydrostatic reduction...
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A 34-year-old man presents to OPD with gynecomastia and erectile dysfunction. Physical examination reveals a palpable, non-tender testicular mass within the body of testis. His serum testosterone and estradiol levels were elevated. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Leydig Cell Tumor Sex-cord stromal type of testicular tumor Age- usually at 5-10 years of age or in middle adulthood (30-60 years). Tumors of Leydig cells may secrete androgens, estrogens and coicosteroids. In males , testicular swelling is the most common presenting feature. Children usually present with precocious pu...
159,775
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Which of the following organism is the most common cause of acute meningitis in an AIDS patient?
Oppounistic infections of the CNS generally occur in HIV infected patients with CD4 counts below 200. Most common organism that causes acute meningitis in an AIDS patients is Cyptococcus neoformans. Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated budding yeast that is found worldwide in soil and on dried pigeon dung. Infect...
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This patient presented with chest pain. What is the diagnosis?
Answer C. Ascending aortic aneurysmA widened mediastinum is visible on chest radiography. The patient was diagnosed with a 9.5-cm ascending aortic aneurysm.
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Fatty acids are the main source of energy for
Fed state Preferred fuel Starvation preferred fuel RBC Glucose Glucose Heart Fatty acids Ketone bodies Brain Glucose Ketone bodies Liver Glucose Fatty acids / protein Muscle Glucose Fatty acids Adipose tissue Glucose  Fatty acids.
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Steroid is contraindicated in -
Steroids overwhelm the fungal infection,it also causes immunosuppression. Ref khurana 6/e p243
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Concerning normal expiration during resting conditions:
The velocity of the gas in the large airways exceeds that in the terminal bronchioles because the latter have a very large combined cross-sectional area. The other choices are incorrect: Under resting conditions, expiration is passive it is associated with an alveolar pressure that exceeds atmospheric pressure intraple...
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Shoest acting non depolarising muscle relaxant
Refer Miller's anesthesia 5/e p 892 Among the given options Rapacuronium IA the shoest acting drug Rapacuronium has been withdrawn from the market because it produces intense bronchospasm in a significant number of patients Mivacurium is shoest acting NDMR
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Cretinism is -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Dispropoionate dwarfism Note - Patient has sho stature with sho limbs.
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Commonest cause of lung abscess:
Lung Abscess Lung abscess refers to a microbial infection of the lung that results in necrosis of the pulmonary parenchyma MC cause of primary lung abscess: Anaerobic bacteria Etiology of anaerobic lung abscess: Aspiration
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Amount of bile produced (ml/ day): September 2012
Ans. B i.e. 500 - 1000
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Spermatogenesis
i.e. (Occurs in seminiferous tubules): (11-12-IBS-Embryology 8th)Spermatozoa are formed in the walls of the seminiferous tubules of the testesSPERMATOGENESIS - formation of gametes (spermatozoa) takes only during the reproductive periods which begins at the age of puberty (12 to 16 years) and continue even though old a...
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All of the following statements about clonidine are true EXCEPT
Clonidine is a central sympatholytic. It is an agonist to alpha2 receptors. But prazosin is a selective alpha1 blocker selective alpha 2 blocker is yohimbine Clonidine can cause dryness of mouth, nose, and eyes due to central sympatholytic action. (REF. ESSENTIALS OF MEDICAL PHARMACOLOGY K.D TRIPATHI-6th edition. Page ...
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Virulence factor of the group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus is
The virulence factors of group A streptococcus or Streptococcus pyogenes: 1. Capsule 2. Carbohydrate antigen 3. Protein antigen M, T, R proteins 4. Pili M protein - acts as virulence factor by inhibiting phagocytosis. Heat and acid stable but susceptible to tryptic digestion. Antibody to M proteins promote phagocytosis...
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Ideal contraceptive for a couple living in different cities meeting only occasionally :
The advantages of condom are: 1 they are easily available 2 safe and inexpensive 3 easy to use 4 no side effects 5 light ,compact and disposable 6 provides protection not only against pregnancy but also against STD PARKS TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE 23 rd EDITION PAGE NO 494
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Obligate intracellular parasite among the following is
Obligate intracellular parasites cannot reproduce outside their host cell, meaning that the parasite's reproduction is entirely reliant on intracellular resources. Toxoplasma,Cryptosporidium Bacteria-chlamydia ,Rickettsia
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Fetal hea can be detected earliest with trans-vaginal sonography at (from the last menstrual period) :
46 days
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What is the clearance of a substance, if its concentration in plasma is 10 mg%, concentration in urine is 100 mg % and urine flow is 2 ml/min ?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., 20 ml/min.
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Which of the following is a minor criteria for diagnosis of Rheumatic fever (RP) according to modified Jones criteria –
Fever is a minor criteria
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In a normal ECG which lead does it represent?
The aVR is often neglected lead. It is an unipolar lead facing the right superior surface. As all the depolarization are going away from lead aVR, all waves are negative in aVR (P, QRS, T) in normal sinus rhythm.
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Which among the following is true statement regarding breast cancer metastasis?
Metastases occur after breast cancers acquire their own blood supply.(neovascularization). Thereafter, cancer cells may be shed directly into the systemic venous blood to seed the pulmonary circulation the axillary and intercostal veins or the veebral column Batson plexus of veins, which courses the length of the veebr...
159,794
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Maximum cell size in bacterial cell growth cycle?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Lag phase The various phases of growth curve are associated with morphological and physiological alterations of the cells.
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Irradiation can be used to sterilize A/E ?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Bronchoscope Endoscops are sterilized by chemical methods :? i) Rigid endoscope ---> Autoclave ii) Flexible endoscope --> Glutaraldehyde Bone & tissue graft, and cat gut suture are sterilized by ionizing radiation ('y - rays)
159,796
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On chronic use Linezolid leads to which of the following ?
Linezolid is Oxazolidinone. MOA: It inhibits protein synthesis by preventing formation of the ribosome complex that initiates protein synthesis by binding to 23S ribosomal RNA of the 50S subunit. It is active against Gram positive organisms including Staphylococci, Streptococci, Enterococci, Gram positive Anaerobic coc...
159,797
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The following acute respiratory response to ascent to high altitude, there is normalization of blood pH. The mechanism is
The lung response to acute altitude exposure is mainly hyperventilation which, together with elevated hea rate, aims at achieving an adequate supply of oxygen to the tissues. At rest, ventilation increases by firstly increasing the tidal volume, at least up to 3500 m. Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology...
159,798
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Poikilocytosis is due to difference in:
Ans: b (Shape) Ref: Harshmohan,ed, p. 336Increase variation in shape of red cell is termed as poikilocytosis. Poikilocytes are produced in various types of abnormal erythropoesis.Eg:Megaloblastic anaemiaIron deficiency anaemiaThalassaemia. MyelosclerosisMicroangiopathic haemolytic anaemiaVariation in size is anisocytos...
159,799
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