query stringlengths 1 1.57k | pos stringlengths 1 22.5k | idx int64 0 161k | task_name stringclasses 1
value |
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Given type of skull is seen in | Cephalic Index ( CI ) of various race groups:Type of skullCIRace groupsDolico-cephalic (long-headed)70 - 75Pure Aryans, Aborigines, NegroesMesaticephalic (medium headed)75- 80Europeans and ChineseBrachycephalic (sho-headed)80-85Mongolian | 16,800 | medmcqa_train |
Which among the following is the commonest site of feilisation in uterine tubes? | The uterine tubes, or oviducts, or Fallopian tubes are two muscular tubes with considerable mobility, each measuring about 12 cm in length. Each has a funnel-shaped end, the infundibulum, opening into the peritoneal cavity next to the ovary and with a fringe of finger like extensions called fimbriae. The sequence of re... | 16,801 | medmcqa_train |
DOC for anaphylaxis is - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Adrenaline Treatment of anaphylactic shock* First adrenaline should be given im to raise the blood pressure and to dilate the bronchi.* If the treatment is delayed and shock has developed, adrenaline should be given i.v. by slow injection.* The adrenaline should be accompanied by H1 antihistaminic (Ch... | 16,802 | medmcqa_train |
Investigation of choice for Zenker&;s diveiculum is - | Barium swallow is the contrast study from oral cavity upto the fundus of stomach. Indications : Dysphagia and obstruction Motility disorders of esophagus. Assessment of site of esophageal perforation Zenker's diveiculum and cricoid webs. Contraindications : Tracheo esophageal fistula Esophageal perforation | 16,803 | medmcqa_train |
Norepinephrine to epinephrine conversion requires which enzyme: | Ans:A.)Phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferaseMethylation of norepinephrine by S-adenosyl-methionine gives epinephrine, reaction being catalysed by phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT)It is an enzyme found in the adrenal medulla that conves Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline) t... | 16,804 | medmcqa_train |
The 'beading' appearance is seen in the condition: | In chronic pancreatitis, the pancreatic duct may show beading or a chain-of-lakes or string-of-pearls appearance because of alternating stenosis and dilatation of the pancreatic duct. Other features of chronic pancreatitis include strictures, cysts and ductal calculi. | 16,805 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not responsible for the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species? | ROS are produced normally in small amounts in all cells during the reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions that occur during mitochondrial respiration and energy generation.
Free radical-mediated cell injury is seen in many circumstances, including chemical and radiation injury, hypoxia, cellular aging, tissue injury cau... | 16,806 | medmcqa_train |
Protozoa associated with megaesophagus | Megaesophagus and megacolon occur as complications of chronic Chagas disease.
T. cruzi causes Chagas' disease
Chaga's disease
1. Acute form
Occurs in infants and children.
Presents with fever, unilateral face swelling, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly and chagoma (Localized swelling of the skin).
2. Chronic form
Oc... | 16,807 | medmcqa_train |
Teardrop sign is seen in: Kerala 08; JIPMER 08; Maharashtra 09 | Ans. Fracture floor of orbit | 16,808 | medmcqa_train |
The lymphatics of vulva: | Lymphatic Drainage of Reproductive Tract:
Uterine Corpus –
1. Fundus-Para-aortic lymph nodes
2. Cornu-Superficial inguinal
3. Body-External Iliac L N
Cervix 1. Paramatrial
2. Internal iliac group
3. Obtruator group
4. External iliac group
5. Sacral
All these drain into common iliac and superior lumbar group
Fallop... | 16,809 | medmcqa_train |
Most common cause of female pseudohermaphroditism is: | Ans. is d, i.e. Congenital adrenal hyperplasiaRef: Dutta Gynae 4th/ed, p404; Williams Gynae 1st/ed, p409; Novak 14th/ed, p102Most common cause of female Pseudohermaphroditism is Congenital adrenal hyperplasia | 16,810 | medmcqa_train |
Michaelis Gutmann bodies are seen in - | Robbins basic pathology 6th edition. chapter The lower urinary tract. page no. 1002. answer is Malacoplakia. laminated mineralized concretions known as michaelis gutmann bodies are typically present both within macrophages and between cells. It is a vesical inflammatory reaction characterised macroscopically by soft,ye... | 16,811 | medmcqa_train |
Not seen in distal radial nerve injury is? | In front of the arm, the radial nerve supplies brachioradialis, brachialis and extensor carpi radial is longus. Dorsum of the forehand is supplied by the superficial branch of the radial nerve. In cubital fossa, the radial nerve divides into superficial and deep branches. Deep branch supplies extensor carpi radialis br... | 16,812 | medmcqa_train |
The amino acid which is associated with atherosclerosis is : | Answer is B (Homocysteine) There is a strong positive correlation between atherosclerosis and circulating levels of Homocysteine'' Hyperhomocysteinemia has been most consistently linked with atherosclerosis and coronary thrombotic events "Patient with clinical and angiographic evidence of coronary aery disease tend to ... | 16,813 | medmcqa_train |
All enveloped RNA viruses belong to one large group except- | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Herpes . Influenza, paraintluenza and mumps belong to myxovirus. | 16,814 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following structures are homologous except | The epoophoron also known as organ of Rosenmuller, represents the cranial end of Wolffian duct. It consists of series of veical tubules in the mesovarium and mesosalpinx between the fallopian tube above and ovary below SHAW&;S TEXTBOOK OF GYNAECOLOGY,Pg no:12,15th edition | 16,815 | medmcqa_train |
Blood transfusion is indicated in following conditions associated with sickle cell anemia: | Ans. is d, i.e. All of the aboveRef. Fernando Arias 4/e, p 238Prophylactic blood transfusions are not routinely advocated in all pregnant females with sickle cell anemia.Indications:1. Frequent severe sickling episodes.2. Low hematocrit levels.3. Twin pregnancy.4. Poor past obstetrical history.Target: HbS levels become... | 16,816 | medmcqa_train |
Glucuronidation takes place in - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Liver GLUCLROMDATIONo This is the most important synthetic reaction carried out by a group of UDP-glucuronosyl transferases (UGTs).o Glucuronidation occurs mainly in the liver, although the enzyme responsible for its catalysis, UDP-glucuronvltransferase, has been found in all major body organs (e.g., ... | 16,817 | medmcqa_train |
Drug not used for multiple myeloma is - | Drugs used in multiple myeloma include boezomib(proteasome inhibitor) & lenalidomide( a derivative of thalidomide ) as first line treatment .In older patients ,thalidomide combined with melphalan & prednisolone is used. Thalidomide has both anti-angiogenic effects against tumour blood vessels & immunomodulatory effects... | 16,818 | medmcqa_train |
A 42-year-old woman undergoes a face lift. Two days later, she presents for follow-up care with confluent bluish hemorrhages in the skin around her eyes ("black eyes"). Which of the following best describes this pattern of superficial skin hemorrhage? | Ecchymosis is a larger superficial hemorrhage in the skin. Following hemorrhage, the initially purple discoloration of the skin turns green and then yellow before resolving. This sequence of events reflects the progressive oxidation of bilirubin released from the hemoglobin of degraded erythrocytes. A "black eye" is a ... | 16,819 | medmcqa_train |
Veroca.) bodies are seen in: | Ans. d. Schwannoma | 16,820 | medmcqa_train |
Most common site of spontaneous rupture of esophagus is? | Cardio esophageal junction REF: With text "Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus is probably related to the violent pressure excursions which occur at the cardioesophageal junction during emesis" REF: Cole and Zollinger textbook of surgery 9th edition page 719 "Spontaneous rupture almost always occurs on the left side o... | 16,821 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following conditions are associated with raised ANCA except | Classification of vasculitis Large vessel vasculitis *Giant cell (temporal) aeritis - seen in >50yrs of age*Takayasu aeritis - seen in <50yrs of age Medium vessel vasculitis *Polyaeritis nodosa - necrotizing inflammation of renal vessels. Spares pulmonary vessels. *Kawasaki disease - seen in <5yrs of age Small vessel v... | 16,822 | medmcqa_train |
A child with diarrhea has deep & rapid respiration. Most likely diagnosis is: | Diarrhoea- lose of bicarbonate in stool- causes normal anion gap metabolic acidosis. Deep & rapid respiration- compensatory mechanism | 16,823 | medmcqa_train |
Butchers' was are caused by: | Occupational handlers of meat, poultry or fish have a high incidence of hand was where the skin is in prolonged contact with moist animal flesh. HPV-2 is frequently found in butchers' was, but HPV-7 is present in a third to a half of lesions. Ref: Rook's textbook of dermatology, 8th edition, Pg 33.47 | 16,824 | medmcqa_train |
The following ECG with ST elevation on VI V2 is associated with the diagnosis of | (A) Hyperkalemia # ST Elevation:> Most important cause of ST segment elevation is acute Ischemia.> Other causes are: Early repolarization Acute pericarditis: ST elevation in all leads except aVR Pulmonary embolism: ST elevation in V1 and aVR Hypothermia: ST elevation in V3-V6, II, III and aVF Hypertrophic cardiomyopath... | 16,825 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following metabolic abnormality is seen with long term use of loop diuretics? | By inhibiting salt reabsorption in the TAL, loop diuretics increase delivery to the collecting duct. Increased delivery leads to increased secretion of K+ and H+ by the duct, causing hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis. This toxicity is a function of the magnitude of the diuresis and can be reversed by K+ replacement and c... | 16,826 | medmcqa_train |
The CAGE questionnaire is to check toxicity after - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Alcohol o The CAGE questionnaire is a tool used to assess individuals for potential alcohol problems, including dependence. It is useful because it involves 4 simple questions, of which only 2 need to be answered positively for the individual to be indicated as possibly alcohol dependent. Do you ever ... | 16,827 | medmcqa_train |
A 10-year-old child becomes ill while visiting relatives farm and complained of severe abdominal cramps with vomiting and diarrhea and profuse lacrimation and salivation.Pupillary constriction is marked. The most likely cause is exposure to | ANTICHOLINESTERASES Anticholinesterases (anti-ChEs) are agents which inhibit ChE, protect ACh from hydrolysis--produce cholinergic effects. ANTICHOLINESTERASE POISONING Anticholinesterases are used as agricultural and household insecticides; accidental as well as suicidal and homicidal poisoning is common. muscarinic m... | 16,828 | medmcqa_train |
Secretory phase of endometrium is due to which hormone? | Ref: Guyton, 12th edition, Page 995 and Essentials of Medical Physiology By Khurana, Page 509Explanation:PHASES OF ENDOMETRIAL CYCLEThe endometrial cycle of 28 days can be divided into three phases:o Menstrual Phase (1-5 days)o Proliferative Phase (6-14 days)o Secretory Phase (15-28 days).(See table on the next page) | 16,829 | medmcqa_train |
A village affected with epidemic of cholera, what is the lsl step which should to be taken in the village to decrease the chances of death from cholera: | Ans. (a) Safe water supply & sanitationRef K. Park 23rded. /232-33* Cholera is an acute diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae.* I.P.-1-2 days* First step in epidemic of cholera: Verification of diagnosis* First line treatment of choice: water and electrolyte replacement.* In the given question, safe water supply ... | 16,830 | medmcqa_train |
A 60-year diabetic & hypeensive male with second-grade prostatism admitted for prostatectomy developed myocardial infarction. Treatment now would be - | This patient needs medical treatment to relieve him of symptoms of prostatism (now better k/a LUTS i.e. lower urinary tract symptoms) Two classes of drugs are commonly used for BPH a Adrenergic blockers - eg. Prazosin, Terazosin (a1 blockers) & Tamsulosin, Alfuzosin (a1a blockers) 5a reductase inhibitors - eg. Finaster... | 16,831 | medmcqa_train |
Choose the appropriate lettered site or structure in this CT scan of the thorax. Takes its origin from the left ventricle and ends at the sternal angle? | (d) The ascending aorta takes its origin from the left ventricle and ends at the level of the sternal angle by becoming the arch of the aorta. | 16,832 | medmcqa_train |
Following statements regarding bromergocriptine are true, except: | Bromocriptine is a potent dopamine agonist that has levodopa like actions in the CNS. It can produce central inhibition of postural reflexes and has weak alpha adrenergic blocking activity thus can cause postural hypotension. In normal individuals it increases release of growth hormone, however decreases it in acromega... | 16,833 | medmcqa_train |
Osteomyelitis can mimic which tumor? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Ewing Sarcoma Distinguishing between hematogenous osteomyelitis and a bone sarcoma is difficult when there is notrauma, no systemicdisease, and no sign of infection locally . Radiographic changes of soft tissue swelling, coical tunneling, focal cancellouslysis, focal coical resorption, and a periostea... | 16,834 | medmcqa_train |
You and your friend goes for a picnic to a hilly area. He has 5 to 6 episodes of loose stools. There is no fever, tachycardia or no other signs of dehydration. What should you do next? | ANS. BClassification of diarrhea based on severity in children and management.SignsClassify asIdentify treatment(Urgent pre-referral treatment are in bold print)Two of the following signs:* Lethargic or unconscious* Sunken eyes* Not able to drink or drinking poorly* Skin pinch goes back very slowlySevere dehydration* I... | 16,835 | medmcqa_train |
Deficiency of zinc causes all except ? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Neuropathy*Zinc is found in skeletal muscle and in bones, Sources of Zinc are grains, beans, cheese, Shell fish*Zinc is absorbed from duodenum, stored in liver in conjugation with metallothionein**Zinc is necessary for synthesis of Retinol Binding Protein.Hence Zinc deficiency is found to present with... | 16,836 | medmcqa_train |
Toxic amblyopia can be caused by ? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All Toxic amblyopia is chronic retrobulbar neuritis which results from the damage to optic nerve by the exogenous poisons. It is frequently bilateral and has a chronic course with permanent visual deterioration. The toxic agents involve may be : Tobacco, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, ethylene glycol,... | 16,837 | medmcqa_train |
Hemophilia A due to deficiency of | Hemophila A:-
Hemophilia A is due to deficiency of factor VIII
Hemophilia A is inherited as an X-linked recessive trait.
Factor VIII is an intrinsic pathway component required for activation of factor X.
Clinical manifestations are due to defect in coagulation system : -
Large post traumatic ecchymoses or hematoma... | 16,838 | medmcqa_train |
Occipital lobe tumours may produce | Ans. Both of the above | 16,839 | medmcqa_train |
Marcus Gunn pupil is a feature of | OPTIC NEURITIS Signs: 1. Visual acuity is usually reduced markedly. 2. Colour vision is often severely impaired. 3. Pupil shows ill-sustained constriction to light. Marcus Gunn pupil which indicates relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) is a diagnostic sign. It is detected by the swinging flash light test. Swinging... | 16,840 | medmcqa_train |
Desmosomes are helpful in connecting - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Keratinocytes Desmosomeso Desmosomes are the major adhesion complex in epidermis, anchoring keratin intermediate filaments (IFs) to the cell membrane and bridging adjacent keratinocytes, and allowing cells to withstand trauma.o The main components of desmosomes consist of the products of three gene su... | 16,841 | medmcqa_train |
When does a child attain this impoant fine motor milestone? | The given picture shows 'mature pincer grasp' which develops at 12 month. 6 months Unidextrous or palmar grasp 7 months Transfer objects from 1 hand to another 9 months immature/ assisted pincer grasp 12 months mature/unassisted pincer grasp- 'CASTING' | 16,842 | medmcqa_train |
Colonic Divericulosis and diveiculitis is maximally seen in | Answer- A. Sigmoid colonThe sigmoid colon is the segment of large bowel with the highest incidence of diveicula, and it is by far the most frequent site for involvement with Diveiculitis. | 16,843 | medmcqa_train |
All are true regarding tetanus except: | Ans. is 'b' i.e., More common in winters and dry weather(Ref: Ananthanarayan, 9th/e, p. 261; Harrison, 19th/e, p. 1197 and 17th/e, p. 898; Park, 20th/e, p. 272, 273)* Tetanus is common in areas where soil is cultivated, in rural areas, in warm climates, during summer months, and among males.* Infection is acquired by c... | 16,844 | medmcqa_train |
All are seen in Tuberous sclerosis except | A i.e. Iris nodule | 16,845 | medmcqa_train |
A patient with homonymous hemianopia is found to have asymmetric optokinetic nystagmus. The location of the lesion is | Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), elicited with a rotating striped optokinetic drum, useful in localizing cause of an isolated homonymous hemianopia. Physiological OKN involves smooth pursuit of a target, followed momentarily by a saccade in the opposite direction to fixate on the next target. If a homonymous hemianopia is ... | 16,846 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is an autosomal dominant metabolic disorder | Most of the metabolic disorder have autosomal recessive inheritance expect Her-Her's disease Left-Lesch My hand syndrome Eye-ouclar albinism Has-hunter syndrome Five -fabrys disease Pimples -porphyria Refer robins 7th/152,9/e p141 | 16,847 | medmcqa_train |
Ideal time for doing Quadruple test? | Ref. The Short Textbook of Pediatrics. Pg 600
Triple and Quadruple test
The triple screening measures the amounts of three substances in a pregnant woman's blood: alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and estriol (uE3)
The quad screen test is a maternal blood screening test that looks for four... | 16,848 | medmcqa_train |
Weight of an infant doubles by what age? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 6 months *Weight of an infant doubles by 5 months and quadruples by 2 years of age.AgeWeightBirth3kg5 months6kg (2 x birth weight)1 years9kg (3 x birth weight)2 years12kg (4 x birth weight)3 years15kg (5 x birth weight)5 years18kg (6 x birth weight)7 years21kg (7 x birth weight)10 years30kg (10 x birt... | 16,849 | medmcqa_train |
LCAT activates? | Ans. (a) Apo A1Ref Harper's Biochemistry 28/e, chapter 25 | 16,850 | medmcqa_train |
Urine is stored in: | D i.e. Thymol Toluene is the best preservative of urine for chemical analysis & Thymol for general purposeQ. | 16,851 | medmcqa_train |
All are causes of acute hyponatremia except | Causes of Acute Hyponatremia Iatrogenic Postoperative: premenopausal women Hypotonic fluids with cause of | vasopressin Glycine irrigation: TURP, uterine surgery Colonoscopy preparation Recent institution of thiazides Polydipsia MDMA ("ecstasy," "Molly") ingestion Exercise-induced Multifactorial, e.g., thiazide and pol... | 16,852 | medmcqa_train |
Postural reflex with integrating center in spine | The crossed extensor reflex or crossed extensor response or crossed extension reflex is a reflex in which the contralateral limb compensates for loss of suppo when the ipsilateral limb withdraws from painful stimulus in a withdrawal reflex Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12 edition page number: 775,... | 16,853 | medmcqa_train |
Enzyme deficiency in Cori disease is | Type Name Enzyme Deficiency Clinical Features IIIa Limit dextrinosis, Forbe or Cori disease Liver and muscle debranching enzyme Fasting hypoglycemia Hepatomegaly in infancy Accumulation of characteristic branched polysaccharide (limit dextrin) Muscle weakness Reference: Harper; 30th edition; Table: 18-2; Page no: 179 | 16,854 | medmcqa_train |
The dreaded complication of Rituximab is: | The dreaded complication of Rituximab is progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Ref: Harrison's principles of internal medicine, 18th edition ; Page 882. | 16,855 | medmcqa_train |
Stimulation of ovary in the early follicular phase is by: | Stimulation of ovary in early follicular phase is by FSH, as the growth and differentiation of primordial follicles are under the control of FSH. Presence of FSH prevents follicles from undergoing Atresia. Stimuation of ovary in later follicular phase is predominantly by FSH but also LH is required in later follicular ... | 16,856 | medmcqa_train |
A 55-year-old man is admitted to the emergency department after slipping on wet pavement and falling. Physical examination reveals that the patient has a hematoma that formed in the danger zone of the scalp, spreading to the area of the eyelids. Which of the following layers is regarded as the "danger zone"? | The loose areolar connective tissue layer is known as the "danger zone" because hematoma can spread easily from this layer into the skull by means of emissary veins that pass into and through the bones of the skull. None of the other scalp layers listed is referred to as the "danger zone." | 16,857 | medmcqa_train |
A lady presented with carcinoma endometrium involving >50% of myometrium extending to vagina and positive peritoneal cytology but no involvement of para aoic and preaoic nodes. What is the stage of disease ? | Endometrial cancer stage III: Stage IIIA: Involvement of uterine serosa and/ or adnexa Stage IIIB: Involvement of vagina and/or parametrium Stage IIIC: IIIC1: Positive Pelvic nodes IIIC2: Positive Paraaoic nodes with or without positive pelvic nodes Positive peritoneal cytology doesn&;t alter the stage Ref: FIGO SURGIC... | 16,858 | medmcqa_train |
Sunray/ spoke wheel vasculature is a feature of | On DSA- The classic angiographic appearance of a meningioma is a radial "sunburst" of vessels extending from the base of the tumor toward its periphery. Dural vessels supply the core or center of the lesion, radiating outward from the vascular pedicle of the tumor. DSA image showing characteristic SUNBURST PATTERN of m... | 16,859 | medmcqa_train |
BRAF mutation is seen in 60% of cancers of | Point mutation of BRAF seen in 60% of malignant melanoma and 80% of benign nevi.Category of oncogenes:1)Growth factors *Overexpression of HGF - Thyroid cancer2)Growth factor receptors *EGFR -Squamous cell carcinoma of lung and glioblastoma*Her2/neu- Breast cancer *FLT3 - Breast cancer, ovarian cancers, and myeloid leuk... | 16,860 | medmcqa_train |
Anaplastic cells often display the following morphologic features except --------. | Anaplastic cells often display the following morphologic features:
Pleomorphism (i.e., variation in size and shape).
Nuclear abnormalities, consisting of extreme hyperchromatism (dark-staining), variation in nuclear size and shape, or unusually prominent single or multiple nucleoli. Enlargement of nuclei may result ... | 16,861 | medmcqa_train |
Cause of central cyanosis include all the following except | CHF is a cause for peripheral cyanosis and not central cyanosis. Cyanosis when present in asthma,pulmonic stenosis and alveolar hypoventilation is of central type. Ref Harrison 19th edition pg 249 | 16,862 | medmcqa_train |
Posterior cord supplies | The axillary nerve from the posterior cord supplies teres minor and deltoid muscle. Coracobrachialis is supplied by a musculocutaneous nerve from the lateral cord. Pectoralis minor is supplied by medial pectoral nerve arising from the medial cord and lateral pectoral nerves arising from lateral cord. The long head of b... | 16,863 | medmcqa_train |
In patient of head injuries with rapidly increasing intracranial tension without hematoma, the drug of choice for initial management would be | Mannitol Mannitol is widely used to reduce ICP Commonly used preparation : 20% solution, 0.25-1 gm/kg is given IV as bolus Serum osmolality should not be allowed to go >320 mOsm/L, to avoid systemic acidosis and renal failure. Uses of mannitol To reduce increased ICT or intra ocular tension To maintain GFR and urine fl... | 16,864 | medmcqa_train |
True about Hemochromatosis is? | ANSWER: (A) Iron deposits in the viscera and its destructionREF: Robbins 8th edn Page 1642-43, Wintrobes 12th ed page 860, 862Option (A); Gray or bronze pigmentation is the most common physical examination abnormality in hemochromatosis homozygotes, occurring in approximately 35 to 84%. Other common physical examinatio... | 16,865 | medmcqa_train |
A patient presented with right lower quadrant pain. He was already treated for right renal stone disease. Which of the following opioid is partial agonist at MU and full agonist at Kappa? | ANS. APentazocine: Partial agonist and antagonist at mu receptor, and agonist at kappaBuprenorphine: Partial agonist at mu and antagonist at kappaTramadol: Affinity for mu is low, while that for kappa and delta is very low. (Tramadol also has an additional mechanism of inhibiting reuptake of NA and 5-HT, and thus activ... | 16,866 | medmcqa_train |
Hypokalemia is defined as a plasma potassium concentration of | Hypokalemia, defined as a plasma K+ concentration of <3.5 mM, Hyperkalemia is defined as a plasma potassium level of 5.5 mM Ref: Harrison 19e pg: 305 | 16,867 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following drugs can cause hypotension by the release of histamine from mast cells? | Basic drugs like morphine, d-TC and amphotericin B etc act as histamine liberators and can cause acute reaction leading to itching and hypotension. | 16,868 | medmcqa_train |
A 5year-old child complains of pain and swelling of the right tibia. On laboratory evaluation he has elevated ESR and leucocytosis X-ray shows a tibial lesion. Which of the following is the best investigation which can help us clinch the diagnosis: | Diagnostic is always Tissue Diagnosis -Tumors and infection can mimic each other (clinically and radiologically), e.g. Osteosarcoma and Ewings sarcoma are two tumors that mimic osteomyelitis. (Both have accompanying fever and increased local temperature). -Tumors and bone infections are usually metaphyseal and both nee... | 16,869 | medmcqa_train |
A hymenal tag in a newborn is best treated by – | Hymenal tags around margins of hymen is normal finding. | 16,870 | medmcqa_train |
Crohn&;s disease is associated with | .10% of first degree relatives; 50% of monozygotic twins develop Crohn's disease. Genes NOD2 / CARD15 in chromosome 16q12 has got strong association with Crohn's disease. CARD15 is expressed in Paneth cells of the ileum. * Smoking is related to Crohn's disease as aetiology, as for relapse and for exacerbations. There i... | 16,871 | medmcqa_train |
Dorsal root ganglia have | Pseudounipolar neuron a unipolar neuron, almost always a primary sensory neuron, that was originally bipolar but whose two processes fused during development to form a single process that bifurcates at a distance from the cell body. One branch is structurally an axon with a myelin sheath but functions as a dendrite, wi... | 16,872 | medmcqa_train |
Dopamine is preferred in treatment of shock because of: | Ans. (A) Renal vasodilatory effect(Ref: Katzung 11/e p137)Dopamine acts on D1 , b1 and a1 receptors. Stimulation of D1 receptors cause renal vasodilation, which is useful clinically to improve renal perfusion in shock with oligouria. | 16,873 | medmcqa_train |
Jaegers cha is used to measure | Jaeger's cha is used for measuring Near Vision The Jaeger cha is an eye cha used in testing near vision acuity. It is a card on which paragraphs of text are printed, with the text sizes increasing from 0.37mm to 2.5mm. This card is to be held by a patient at a fixed distance from the eye dependent on the J size being r... | 16,874 | medmcqa_train |
A 19-year-old male has a history of athlete's foot but is otherwise healthy when he develops the sudden onset of fever and pain in the right foot and leg. On physical exam, the foot and leg are fiery red with a well-defined indurated margin that appears to be rapidly advancing. There is tender inguinal lymphadenopathy.... | (Braunwald, 15/e, pp 823, 893.) Erysipelas, the cellulitis described, is typical of infection caused by S.Pyogenes - Group A b- hemolytic Streptococci (GAS). There is often a preceding event such as a cut in the skin, dermatitis, or superficial fungal infection that precedes this rapidly spreading cellulitis. Anaerobic... | 16,875 | medmcqa_train |
35 years old woman with H/O recurrent PID presents in emergency with sudden onset of abdominal pain with fever. She had her regular period 5 days back. Physical examination reveals abdominal tenderness with guarding and rigidity. Per speculum finding shows diy vaginal discharge. Per vaginal examination shows adnexal te... | The history of a recurrent PID and a sudden deterioration points towards a ruptured T/O mass . Alone PID, will have pain and fever with Increased TLC, but not present with the above mentioned acute onset. Acute onset goes in the our of a ruptured abscess. Appendicitis and diveiculitis may have similar onset but the sys... | 16,876 | medmcqa_train |
Treatment of malignant ovarian tumours is : | Total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo -oophorectomy | 16,877 | medmcqa_train |
Insensible daily water loss is - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 800-1000 ml | 16,878 | medmcqa_train |
The ratio of anaerobe to aerobes in stool is ? 9. The ratio of anaerobe to aerobes in stool is ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., 1000:1 | 16,879 | medmcqa_train |
Philthrum is derived from- | Ans. C. Medial nasal processFrontonasal process is divided into:-i) Lateral nasal processes:From alae of nose.ii) Medial nasal processes:These merge with each other to form intermaxillary segment which gives rise to : philtrum (middle pa of upper lip),premaxillary plate. | 16,880 | medmcqa_train |
The venous plexus of uterus is related to which of the following border/ surface of uterus ? | Venous Drainage - The veins form a plexus along the lateral border of the uterus. The plexus drains through the uterine, ovarian and vaginal veins into the internal iliac veins. Ref : B D Chaurasia's Human Anatomy , seventh edition ,volume 2 , pg. no., 422. | 16,881 | medmcqa_train |
Nerve supply of the tympanic membrane is by the | A i.e. Aurico-temporal nerve | 16,882 | medmcqa_train |
Prostaglandin used in the treatment of peptic ulcer is | Ans) b (Misoprosotol) Kef: KDT 6th ed p. 629Misoprostol is the prostaglandin analogue used in the treatment of peptic ulcer.DRUGS USED IN PEPTIC ULCER1) H2 antagonists-ranitidine, cimetidine, famotidine roxatidine and nizatidine.Nizatidine has little first-pass metabolism and a bioavailability of al-most 100%. Famotidi... | 16,883 | medmcqa_train |
Oxytocin is preferred over ergometrine in: | Comparison of ergot derivatives and Oxytocin | 16,884 | medmcqa_train |
Moro's reflex stas during intrauterine life. Persistence of Moro's reflex is abnormal beyond the age of: | The Moro reflex is present in normal infants. A sudden stimulus (eg, a loud noise) causes abduction and extension of all extremities, with extension and fanning of digits except for flexion of the index finger and thumb. This is followed by flexion and adduction of the extremities. Moro's reflex disappear at three mont... | 16,885 | medmcqa_train |
Undeaker's fracture is - | Undeaker's fracture is basically a postmoem fracture, and occurs due to careless handling of the dead body by undeakers; in fact this fracture can be produced by anyone who has to do anything with the dead body. * Pathologists are known to extend the head to make the removal of the neck structures easier. To do this, t... | 16,886 | medmcqa_train |
A former from the sub-Himalayan region presents with multiple leg ulcers. The most likely causative agent is | Sporotrichosis is a chronic infection involving cutaneous, subcutaneous and lymphatic tissue. It is caused by Sporothrix schenckii. Pathogenesis: 1. Lesions on the exposed pas of the skin follow minor trauma. Nodules are first formed, followed by ulceration and necrosis of nodules. 2. From the lesions in skin and subcu... | 16,887 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following stapler is used for MIPH? | Ans. (b) Circular stapler cuttingRef: Sabiston's Textbook of surgery, 20th edition, Pages 1402-03* Longo procedure is the stapled hemorrhoidopexy procedure.* The other name is minimally invasive procedure for hemorrhoids (MIPH).* Circular stapler is used in this procedure | 16,888 | medmcqa_train |
Parasites transmitted by ingestion are the following EXCEPT | Ans. b (Ankylostoma duodenale) (Ref. Parasitology by Chatteijee 12th ed., 164)HOOKWORM# Ankylostoma duodenale# Portal of entry is skin# Adult worm lives in small intestine of man (the only definitive host)# Eggs float in saturated solution of common salt# Habitual Blood sucker# It causes -- Bronchitis and bronchopneumo... | 16,889 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following statements is true regarding Arbo-viruses? | Discussing options one by one: Option-1 - False - Yellow fever is not present in India. Option-2 - True - Kyasanur forest disease is transmitted by ticks. In india: hard tick. Outside India: soft ticks. Option-3 - Flase - Aedes aegypti mosquito is the vector of dengue fever; Culex is vector of JE. Option- 4 - False - D... | 16,890 | medmcqa_train |
Macrophages are conveed to epitheloid cells by which cytokine ? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., IFN-y A granuloma is a focus of chronic inflammation consisting of a microscopic aggregation of macrophages that are transformed into epithelium like cells (epithelioid cells) surrounded by a Collor of mononuclear leukocytes, principally lymphocytes and occasionally plasma cells. Frequently, these epi... | 16,891 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is vitamin B-complex disease | (Pellegra): (535 - Harper 29th edition & Tryptophan)* Pellegra - caused by Niacin deficiency* Com is low in both niacin and tryptophan, com based diets can cause pellegra(i) Symptoms 3Ds - dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia(ii) Pellegra is frequently observed in Hartnup's disease(iii) Megadoses of niacin are useful in the ... | 16,892 | medmcqa_train |
Women with vitamin B12 deficiency presents with dysphagia and anemia. What is the syndrome mentioned in the presentation? | (a) Plummer-Vinson syndrome(Ref. Sleisenger Gastrointestinal & Liver Disease, 8th ed.,; 851)Triad of postcricoid dysphagia, oesophageal webs, and iron deficiency anemia constitutes Plummer Vinson syndrome. Due to iron deficiency there occurs atrophy of the gastric mucosa leading to achlorhydria.Intrinsic factor (IF) is... | 16,893 | medmcqa_train |
CAGE test is used for diagnosis of | CAGE Questionnaire The CAGE questionnaire basically consists of four questions: i. Have you ever had to Cut down on alcohol (amount)? ii. Have you ever been Annoyed by people's criticism of alcoholism? iii. Have you ever felt Guilty about drinking? iv. Have you ever needed an Eye-opener drink (early morning drink)? A s... | 16,894 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following statement regarding cochlear implant is true: | Ans. A Cochlear malformation is not a CI to its useRef. Current Otolaryngology 3rd/ed p 8S6; Dhingra 5th/ed p 739-740ExplanationAs discussed earlier Cochlear implants are useful in B/l severe to profound hearing loss and not in mild-moderate hearing loss :. Option C is incorrect (Dhingra Sth/ed p 139), 6th/ed p 125)Coc... | 16,895 | medmcqa_train |
After intracoronal bleaching immediate facial composite veneer is required, what should be done | Catalse neutralizes residual H2O2 that interfers with composite bonding and polymerization. | 16,896 | medmcqa_train |
Severe infection will increase if absolute neutrophil count will become? | Ans. (a) <500(Ref: Robbins 9th/pg 582)Neutropenia is denoted as ANC (absolute neutrophil count)ANC=100(%neutrophils+%bands)x(WBC) Mild neutropenia (1000>=ANC<1500): minimal risk of infectionModerate neutropenia (500>=ANC<1000): moderate risk of infectionSevere neutropenia (ANC<500): severe risk of infection.Agranulocyt... | 16,897 | medmcqa_train |
Raised iron content is NOT found in which organ in Hemochromatosis - | In hemochromatosis, hypogonadism is caused by impairment of hypothalamic pituitary function and not due to deposition of Iron in the Testis.
Hemochromatosis
Hemochromatosis is characterized by the excessive accumulation of body iron, most of which is deposited in parenchymal organs such as liver and pancreas.
The tota... | 16,898 | medmcqa_train |
Sitting without suppo is appear at which month | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 6 month | 16,899 | medmcqa_train |
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