query stringlengths 1 1.57k | pos stringlengths 1 22.5k | idx int64 0 161k | task_name stringclasses 1
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Post cardiac surgery delirium symptoms are worsened by: | - Anticholinergics blocks the actions of ACh on autonomic receptors and in the CNS exeed through muscarinic receptors. Atropine has an overall CNS stimulant action. At low doses these effects are not appreciable, it only produces peripheral effects because of restricted entry into the brain. High doses causes coical ex... | 17,100 | medmcqa_train |
Laparoscopy is contraindicated in | Contraindications of Laparoscopy Severe cardiopulmonary disease Patient hemodynamically unstable Generalised peritonitis Significant hemoperitoneum Extensive peritoneal adhesions Large pelvic tumor Pregnancy >16 weeks Advanced malignancy On anticoagulation therapy D.C.DUTTA&;S TEXTBOOK OF GYNECOLOGY,Pg no:615,6th editi... | 17,101 | medmcqa_train |
Diabetic retinopathy is treated by: | A i.e. Strict glycemic control; B i.e. Panphotocoagulation; C i.e. Antihypeensive Diabetic retinopathy is treated by - strict glycemic & hypeensive control, antioxidants, photocoagulation (pan retinal, focal argon laser or grid pattern laser burns), intravitreal steroids and anti-VGF (vascular endothelial growth factor... | 17,102 | medmcqa_train |
Bone which is Pneumatic -a) Maxillaryb) Parietalc) Temporald) Frontale) Ethmoidal | Pneumatic bones are one which contain large air spaces lined by epithelium e.g.: maxilla, sphenoid, ethmoid, Frontal etc. They make the skull light in weight, help in resonance of voice, and act as air conditioning chambers for the inspired air.
Remember
Mastoid is a spongy bone (cancellous or trabecular bone) and not ... | 17,103 | medmcqa_train |
Boold volume in preterm neonate is | At the moment of bih the newborn infant was estimated to have a blood volume of 78 ml/kg with a venous hematocrit of 48 %. The average blood volume at bih was found to be 109 ml. per kilogram, a value slightly higher than in fullterm infants. In the first 2 1/2 months of life there was a tendency for the plasma volume ... | 17,104 | medmcqa_train |
A 78-year-old man underwent surgical repair of an abdominal aoic aneurysm. Postoperatively he developed left lower quadrant pain along with urgency to defecate and had frequent episodes of passage of bright red blood per rectum. He has a history of prostate cancer for which he had received radiation therapy several yea... | 1st image shows ischemic colitis with patchy mucosal edema, subepithelial hemorrhage, and cyanosis. 2nd image shows the classical thumb printing sign. Most impoant precipitating factor - Surgery in an old individual Most common surgery leading to it - Repair of abdominal aoic aneurysm Colonoscopy findings show haemorrh... | 17,105 | medmcqa_train |
Thalassemia gives protection against: | c. Malaria(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2349', Ghai 8/e p 341)Thalassemia gives a reduced parasite invasion/growth and an increased susceptibility to phagocytosis of the infected RBC as a malaria-protective effect. | 17,106 | medmcqa_train |
Diet devoid of carbohydrates causes: | A i.e. KetosisThree conditions lead to deficient intracellular glucose supplies & hence to ketoacidosis: Starvation, DM (Diabetes Mellitus) and high fat low carbohydrate dietQ.Low carbohydrate diet Cause defective intracellular glucose supply, and most of the calories are supplied by fat.When there is high rate of fatt... | 17,107 | medmcqa_train |
Axonemes are associated with: | Within the cilium there is an axoneme that comprises a unique arrangement of nine outer microtubule doublets and two inner microtubules ("9+2" arrangement). Ref: Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology 23rd edition, Chapter 2. | 17,108 | medmcqa_train |
McKneown’s Theory states that reduced prevalence of Tuberculosis occurs due to | • Thomas McKeown attributed the modern rise in the world population, AND DECLINE OF TB from the 1700sto the present to broad economic and social changes (especially diet and nutrition – “Nutritional Determinism”) rather than to targeted public health or medical interventions. | 17,109 | medmcqa_train |
False about p53 is: | Non mutated wild p53 is asssociated with neoplasm in childhood | 17,110 | medmcqa_train |
Centrally located cavitating lung lesion is most likely to be – | A most common type of lung carcinoma which is associated with cavitation is squamous cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma is central in location. | 17,111 | medmcqa_train |
Neostigmine is used in the following except - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Glaucoma ITSF.S OF ANTICHOLINESTERASESNeostigmineMyasthenia graviso In myasthenia gravis there is marked depletion of nicotine receptors at neuromuscular junction due to formation of autoantibodies against these receptors.o Neostigmine (or Pyridostigmine) helps by increasing the concentration of AcH a... | 17,112 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is markedly decreased in restrictive lung disease | In restrictive lung diseases,lung volumes are markedly reduced,like TLC,FRC,RV,as well as FVC.FEV1 is also reduced compared with normal values,but is relatively a greater value compared with lung volumes.As a result,FEV1/FVC ratio will be normal or increased in restrictive lung diseases. Reference :Harrison's medicine-... | 17,113 | medmcqa_train |
Adenosine deaminase deficiency is seen in the following - | Severe combined immunodeficiencies include syndrome with severe deficiency of both humoral and cell mediated response. Adenosine deaminase deficiency is a distinct pattern of SCID. - ADA catalyses the conversion of adenosine to inosine in the purine metabolic pathway. This condition is associated with chondrocyte abnor... | 17,114 | medmcqa_train |
Autoantibodies Ani Ro and Anti La are completely absent
in | Decreasing order of frequency of finding Anti - Ra (or SSa) & Anti- La (or SSb) antibodies is Sjogren's syndrome, SLE, Systemic sclerosis. SSa antibodies may be occasionally found but SSb antibodies may be totally absent in rheumatoid arthritis. | 17,115 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following can cause pulmonary eosinophilia? | Inhaled or ingested extrinsic factors, including medications and infectious agents (eg, parasites, fungi, mycobacteria), may trigger an eosinophilic immune response. This may be mild and self-limited, as in Loeffler syndrome. Intrinsic pulmonary eosinophilic syndromes are generally idiopathic in nature. They include a ... | 17,116 | medmcqa_train |
The muscle which is required to open Eustachian tube. | Eustachian tube isclosed at rest&opens intermittentlyduring swallowing/yawning/sneezing. Opening of the tube The medial fibres of thetensor veli palatiniare attached to the lateral lamina of the tube and contract to open the tubal lumen. They are also calleddilator tubaemuscle. Accessory muscles for opening areLevator ... | 17,117 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following are suppos of uterus except | The ovarian ligament connects the ovary to the fallopian tube.The pelvic diaphragm is made up of muscles: levator ani and coccygeus muscles.The uterosacral ligament are a pair of fibrous bands extending from cervix to 2nd and 3rd sacral veebrae and pass on to each side of the rectum.The round ligaments lie between the ... | 17,118 | medmcqa_train |
All are true about basal cell carcinoma EXCEPT: | ANSWER: (A) Most common site is upper eye lidREF: Bailey & Love's 25th edition page 609, REF: Sabiston Textbook of Surgery, 18th ed, http:// emedicine.medscape.com/article/276624-overview'Although most common cancer of the upper lip is basal cell carcinoma, most common site of basal cell carcinoma is not upper lip but ... | 17,119 | medmcqa_train |
Anterior uveitis in hypeensive patient, Drug of choice is to decrease the 10P | D i.e. TimololIn inflammatory glaucomas (e.g. hypeensive uveitis as Fuchs uveitis syndrome & Posner-Schlossman syndrome also k/a glaucomatocyclitic crisis) the following drugs should be avoided.1. Prostaglandin analogues e.g. latanoprost Q breakdown the blood aqueous barrier and may exacerbate cystoid macular oedema2. ... | 17,120 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following statement is true about clomiphene citrate, EXCEPT: | Although clomiphene is effective in inducing ovulation in perhaps 75% of women, successful pregnancy ensues in only 40-50% of those who ovulate. This has been attributed to clomiphene's inhibition of estrogen action on the endometrium, resulting in an environment that is not optimal for feilization and/or implantation.... | 17,121 | medmcqa_train |
The role of Bradykinin in process of inflammation is - | . Increased vascular permeability | 17,122 | medmcqa_train |
A 28-week baby suffered from respiratory distress syndrome at bih. On day 14 of life, he developed sepsis. No other co-morbidity was seen. He should be evaluated for retinopathy of prematurity at what postnatal age? | Ans. b. 4 weeks | 17,123 | medmcqa_train |
A child with subluxation of lens and mental retardation died. Which of the following would have helped in his treatment? | Subluxation of lens and mental retardation in a child who died suggests underlying homocystinuria Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) is useful in its treatment | 17,124 | medmcqa_train |
Impulse is generated at fastest rate in | Some cardiac fibers have the capability of self-excitation, a process that can cause automatic rhythmical discharge and contraction. This capability is especially true of the fibers of the hea's specialized conducting system, including the fibers of the sinus node. For this reason, the sinus node ordinarily controls th... | 17,125 | medmcqa_train |
In family welfare programme, score of 1 is given to - | Net Reproduction Rate (NRR) Net Reproduction Rate (NRR) is defined as the number of daughters a newborn girl will bear during her lifetime assuming fixed age-specific feility and moality rates. NRR is a demographic indicator. NRR of 1 is equivalent to attaining approximately the 2-child norm. If the NRR is less than 1,... | 17,126 | medmcqa_train |
The hormone responsible for lactation is : | Prolactin | 17,127 | medmcqa_train |
Insecticide of choice for sandfly? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., DDT Resistance to DDT has not been demonstrated in sandflies A single application of DDT or lindane has been found effective in reducing sandflies. 7 DDT residue may remain effective for a period of 1 to 2 years and lindane only for a period of 3 months. | 17,128 | medmcqa_train |
Which among the following is not a feature of furious rabies? | Furious Rabies generally manifests as headache, fever, irritability, restlessness and anxiety. It is associated with dilated pupils, lacrimation, salivation and perspiration. Muscle pains, salivation and vomitting may follow. A few days following exposure the patient may experience a stage of excitement or muscle spasm... | 17,129 | medmcqa_train |
A patient is diagnosed with gas gangrene of the foot. Best management would be | All the above are pa of gasgangrene management, the main stay is debridment and antibiotics Treatment for gas gangrene includes, Inj. Benzyl penicillin 20 lacs 4th hourly. + Inj. metronidazole 500 mg 8th hourly + Inj. aminoglycosides (if blood urea is normal) or third generation cephalosporins. Polyvalent antiserum 25,... | 17,130 | medmcqa_train |
Antimalarial drug safe in pregnancy is: September 2006, March 2007 | Ans. D: Chloroquine Chloroquine and proguanil are safer antimalarial drugs in pregnancy. | 17,131 | medmcqa_train |
With regard to laryngeal trauma associated with the placement of an endotracheal tube (ETT) – a) It is most likely to occur at the thyroid cartilageb) Trauma to the vocal cords usually involves the rightc) Vocal cord paralysis is caused by injury to the anterior branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerved) Postoperative h... | In subglottic larynx, an anterior branch of recurrent laryngeal nerve enters between the cricoid and thyroid cartilage, innervating the intrinsic muscles of the larynx. An inflated cuff at this location can compress the nerve between the cuff and the overlying thyroid cartilage. Injury is usually bilateral. Endotrachea... | 17,132 | medmcqa_train |
Allosteric activator of PFK | Step 3 of Glycolysis, Fructose-6-phosphate is fuher phosphorylated to fructose1,6-bisphosphate. The enzyme is phosphofructokinase. PFK is an allosteric, inducible, regulatory enzyme. It is an impoant key enzyme of this pathway. This is again an activation process, the energy being derived by hydrolysis of yet another m... | 17,133 | medmcqa_train |
An 8-year-old boy presents to the emergency depament complaining of generalized abdominal pain for the past 24 hours. Laboratory tests reveal a leukocytosis of 13,000 and he is tender in the RLQ on physical examination. He is taken to the operating room for laparoscopic appendectomy. Removal of the appendix has been as... | The appendix is an immunologic organ involved in secretion of immunoglobulins. An inverse association between appendectomy and development of ulcerative colitis has been repoed. Routine resection of the normal appendix to improve the clinical course of ulcerative colitis is not generally indicated. | 17,134 | medmcqa_train |
In cases of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism in males- | Ans. is 'b' i.e., FSH is elevated * A very high FSH would indicate a testicular cause, (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism)* A very low FSH would indicate pretesticular (hypothalamic/pituitary) cause.* A normal FSH would indicate a posttesticular cause. | 17,135 | medmcqa_train |
Primary prevention in coronary heart diseases- | primary prevention- health promotion and specific protection. Regular physical activity should be a part of normal daily life. It particularly important to encourage the children to take up physical activity that they can continue through out their life. | 17,136 | medmcqa_train |
What is the anatomical relation of the upper lacrimal punctum with respect to the lower punctum? | The lacrimal puncta are located medially on the upper and lower eyelids, on the lacrimal papilla and the upper punctum is medial to the lower punctum. The puncta are apposed only during the closure phase of blinking, Normally.The PAS (punctual apposition syndrome) represents the situation in which at any stage during t... | 17,137 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not a complete sterilization | Pure alcohol has no power of disinfection but when diluted with water to 60-90 percent cent vol, it is a potent bactericidal, fungicidal, virucidal and tuberculocidal agent but does not destroy bacterial spores Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 141 | 17,138 | medmcqa_train |
Plasma volume is maximum in which week of pregnancy ? | 30-32 weeks REF: Dutta 6th ed p. 51 Plasma volume is maximum in 30-32 weeks | 17,139 | medmcqa_train |
Characteristic lesion in scabies - | Ans is 'a' i.e., Burrows o Burrow is serpentine (S.shaped), thread like grey brown line which represents the intraepidermal tunnel created by mov ing female mite in stratum comeum. Burrow is pathognomic sign of scabies. Burrows are very difficult to demonstrate in infants.Scabieso Scabies in is caused by mites of the f... | 17,140 | medmcqa_train |
T.U.R. (transurethral resection) syndrome is due to ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Hyponatremia TUR syndrome and water intoxication syndrome are same. They are caused due to dilutional hyponatremia. | 17,141 | medmcqa_train |
In tumor lysis syndrome all are seen except - | Tumour Lysis Syndrome More common with NHL, Myeloma and acute leukaemia management Rapid tumour cell death releases intracellular contents resulting in hyperkalaemia, hyperphosphataemia, hyperuricaemia and renal failure. Prevention is with adequate hydration and Allopurinol 300-600 mg QID PO Sodium bicarbonate 50 mEq/L... | 17,142 | medmcqa_train |
Pulmonary fibrosis is seen with: | Bleomycin: This is a mixture of closely related glycopeptide antibiotics having potent antitumour activity. It chelates copper or iron, produces superoxide ions and intercalates between DNA strands-causes chain scission and inhibits repair . It is highly effective in testicular tumour and squamous cell carcinoma of ski... | 17,143 | medmcqa_train |
The movement at the following joint permits a person to look towards the right or left - | Atlanto - occipital (between the skull and C1) joint permit nodding of the head (as when indicating approval or yes) and Atlanto-axial joint permits the head to be turned from side to side i.e. rotation (as indicating disapproval, the no movement). | 17,144 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is increased in lipoprotein lipase deficiency? | Lipoprotein lipase deficiency (Type I hyperlipoproteinemia): is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of lipoprotein lipase.Resulting in fasting chylomicronemia and hyperiglycerolemia.There is slow clearance of chylomicrons and VLDL. Low levels of LDL and HDL. There is no increased risk of coronar... | 17,145 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following hepatitis has a poor prognosis - | Hepatitis B is more severe&protracted&high chance of moality REF:<\p> MICROBIOLOGY ANANTHA NARAYANAN NINTH EDITION PAGE.542 | 17,146 | medmcqa_train |
Most common cause of anorectal abscess is ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Inflammation of anal gland | 17,147 | medmcqa_train |
The most common site of brain metastasis is | MC site of brain metastases (85%) CEREBRUM2nd MC site of brain metastases- CEREBELLUM LUNG, BREAST, MELANOMA (SKIN CANCER), COLON AND KIDNEY cancers commonly spread to the brain.(Refer: Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics, SAE, 1st edition, pg no. 2460) | 17,148 | medmcqa_train |
A 65-year-old smoker presents with hoarseness, hemoptysis and a hard painless lump in the left supraclavicular fossa. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate diagnostic step in this patient? | This patient presenting with a history of smoking along with symptoms and presence of hard painless mass in left supraclavicular fossa probably indicates the presence of an underlying lung malignancy which has metastasised to the lymph node. Open biopsy is especially indicated when the patients history and physical fin... | 17,149 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following statement is wrong about morphine use? | Head injury is an absolute contra-indicatio for the use of morphine as it can lead to Marked respiratory depression Increased ICT by retaining CO2 Miosis, vomiting and altered mentation. | 17,150 | medmcqa_train |
Erysipelas is a skin infection often caused by | STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS * Gram-positive bacteria arranged in chains or pairs . * Not pa of normal cutaneous flora (but resident of aerodigestive tract and vagina). * Classification two methods: a) Ability to induce hemolysis (a, b, g) and/or b) Lancefield groups (A-D, G) based on characteristic polysaccharide cell wal... | 17,151 | medmcqa_train |
Normal axis of hea is? | -30 to +90 REF: Harrison's Internal Medicine 17th edition chapter 221 The hea's electrical axis refers to the general direction of the hea's depolarization wavefront (or mean electrical vector) in the frontal plane. With a healthy conducting system the cardiac axis is related to where the major muscle bulk of the hea l... | 17,152 | medmcqa_train |
Metabolic abnormality seen in congenital hyperophic pyloric stenosis is | To control alkalosis, kidney secretes excess bicarbonate. Due to hyponatremia, body conserves sodium and so bicarbonate is secreted along with the hydrogen in. Urine becomes acidic and called as paradoxical aciduria Reference: SRB edition: 5th page no:830 | 17,153 | medmcqa_train |
The most common reentrant tachycardia associated with WPW syndrome is - | Ans. is 'a' i. e., Atrio ventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia Wolf - Parkinson - White Syndrome* The diagnosis of Wolf - Parkinson - White Syndrome is reserved for patients who have both preexcitation and tachydysrhythmia.* Ventricular pre excitation causes an earlier than normal deflection of the QRS complex called... | 17,154 | medmcqa_train |
Congenital cataract occurs due to abnormalities in protein formation in which of the following genes? | Congenital cataract is cause due to defects in CRY GS3 gene. During embryonic development, the PAX6 protein is thought to turn on (activate) genes involved in the formation of the eyes. Aniridia is caused by mutations in the PAX6gene. SIX 5-Mutations in this gene are a cause of branchiootorenal syndrome type 2. PITX 3-... | 17,155 | medmcqa_train |
In trauma patient safe airway maneuver is: | Chin lift and jaw thrust don't lead to neck movement hence safe in trauma patient.
Among both the process jaw thrust is safest. | 17,156 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following are causes of Urothelial Carcinomas Except - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Alcohol consumption Etiology of transitional cell Cao Smokingo Industrial dyes or solventso Excessive analgesic intakeo Balkan nephropathy, ando Those exposed to Thorotrast, (a contrast agent previously used for retrograde pyelography) | 17,157 | medmcqa_train |
What is the gestational age at which the maternal hCG levels are maximum in a normal pregnancy? | 8 to 10 weeks | 17,158 | medmcqa_train |
Steroids act via nuclear receptors which interact with DNA through | Binding of transcription regulatory proteins to DNA is regulated by several motifs :
Helix turn helix
Leucine zipper
Zinc finger
Binding motif for steroid receptor family & thyroid (nuclear) receptor family is a zinc finger.
In proteins with zinc - finger motif, the binding site is repeated 2-9 times.
Proteins wit... | 17,159 | medmcqa_train |
A 30-year-old hypertension patient presents with daily headaches. The CXR done shows the following? | Ans. (b) Postductal coarctation. POSTDUCTAL/ADULT type: 1. Lesion at the level distal to ductus arteriosus 2. It is more common 3. Short segment 4. Proximal (prestenotic) & distal (poststenotic) aortic dilatation 5. Collateral circulation 6. Left ventricular overloading: PROMINENT FEATURE PREDUCTAL/INFANTILE type: 1. L... | 17,160 | medmcqa_train |
Major surfactant is | Dipalmytol lecithin in is the major surfactant Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12 edition page number:311,312,313 | 17,161 | medmcqa_train |
Toxin of Epidemic dropsy is: | Ans. (b) SanguinarineRef: K. Park 23sted. /658* EPIDEMIC DROPSY is caused by contamination of mustard oil with Argemone oil (seeds of argemone Mexicana seeds closely resembles to that of mustard oil)* Toxin which is contained in argemone oil is Sanguinarine* This sanguinarine interferes with oxidation of Pyruvic acid, ... | 17,162 | medmcqa_train |
Ketone bodies are formed in the | Acetoacetate is the primary ketone body while beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetone are secondary ketone bodies. They are synthesised exclusively by the liver mitochondria.Ref : DM Vasudevan - Textbook of Biochemistry 6th Edition pg no: 143 | 17,163 | medmcqa_train |
A 26-year-old woman complains to her physician of discomfo during intercourse. Pelvic examination demonstrates a frothy, yellow-green vaginal discharge with a strong odor. Small, red, ulcerations of the vaginal wall are also seen. A wet mount preparation demonstrates motile, flagellated protozoa. If this woman had been... | Pregnant women with trichomoniasis can be safely treated with metronidazole, and this should be done to prevent the increased risk of premature rupture of membranes and preterm delivery. Other complications of trichomoniasis not limited to pregnant women are uncommon, but may include cuff cellulitis following hysterect... | 17,164 | medmcqa_train |
The embryonic vascular layer of the eye is derived from | (Mesoderm) (8-9-Khurana 4th) (5-Parson 20th)Structures derived from the Embryonic layers1. Surface ectoderm2. Neural ectoderm(a) The crystalline lens(b) Epithelium of the cornea(c) Epithelium of the conjunctiva(d) Lacrimal glands(e) Epithelium of eyelids and its derivatives, viz.: cilia, tarsal glands, and conjunctival... | 17,165 | medmcqa_train |
Period of onset in tetanus refers to the time between? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., First symptom to spasm | 17,166 | medmcqa_train |
A one year old boy presented withhepatosplenomegaly and delayed milestones. Theliver biopsy and bone marrow biopsy revealedpresence of histiocytes with PAS-positive Diastaseresistantmaterial in the cytoplasm. Electronmicroscopicexamination of these histiocytes is mostlikely to reveal the presence of; | Parallel rays of tubular structures in lysosomes | 17,167 | medmcqa_train |
Pleural effusion, in standing position gravitates n the region of | i.e. (Costodiaphragmatic recess: (1658-66 - H17th) (306-8-CMDT-l1)* Most dependent recess of the pleura is the posterior costophrenic angle**. So in pleural effusion this recess would be filled earliest. But at least 100-200 ml of fluid. Would be required to fill this recess before it can be defected on a PA view* The ... | 17,168 | medmcqa_train |
Cerebellar cortex contains: | Ans. B Purkinje cellsRef. Gray's, 4Vted.pg. 335-336* The cerebellar cortex contains five types of neurons: Purkinje, Granule, Basket, Stellate and Golgi Cells. | 17,169 | medmcqa_train |
Most common joint involved in Gout y ahritis is ? | Gout: Disturbed purine metabolism leading to ecxessive accumulation of uric acid in the blood -an inherited disorder ;or impaired excretion of uric acid by kidneys.result is accumulation of sodium bicarbonte crystals in soft tissues.Tisues of predliction are cailages,tendon ,bursa. Patient ,beyond 40 years of age, pres... | 17,170 | medmcqa_train |
A 10 month old child weighing 8 kg is brought to the clinic due to repeated vomiting and persistent diarrhoea. On ophthalmological examination, Bitot's spots are seen on the bulbar conjunctiva of both eyes. What is the recommended schedule of vitamin A therapy to be given to this child? | According to the WHO treatment schedule, Bitot's spots are treated with Vitamin A at a dosage of 2 lakh IU orally or 1 lakh IU intramuscularly, immediately on diagnosis and repeated the following day and 4 weeks later, for children above 1 year of age. This includes children of 8 kg or more, as children less than 8 kg ... | 17,171 | medmcqa_train |
Following are hepatotoxic anesthetic agents Except | Following are the groups of hepatotoxic anesthetic agents: Group I: Drugs with well known hepatotoxic potential and containing chlorine or bromine, Eg: chloroform Group II: Drugs which contain fluorine Eg: halothane, methoxyflurane Desflurane, enflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane, nitrous oxide and carbon tetrachloride a... | 17,172 | medmcqa_train |
Which Ethmoidal Air cells are related to optic nerve? | Onodi Air Cells: Bilateral aerated cavities lateral to the optic canal, extending into the anterior Glenoid processes. These are variants of the utmost posterior ethmoid cells, Onodi air cells or are otherwise known as Sphenoethmoidal air cells. Their impoance is the close relation to the optic nerve and internal carot... | 17,173 | medmcqa_train |
2,3 DPG binds to sites in hemoglobin and causes in its oxygen affinity: | Ans. D. One, decreasesThe Hemoglobin tetramer binds to one mol of 2,3 BPG in the central cavity formed by four subunits.2,3 BPG forms salt bridges with terminal amino group of both b globin chain via, Valine, Lysine and Histidine.Considering these two sentences, If central cavity is taken into account 2,3 BPG binds to ... | 17,174 | medmcqa_train |
Concentration of Potassium in children's CSF is: | Ans.: A (3 mEq/L) Potassium level in serum of Child 3.4-4.7 mEq/LPotassium in CSF of child : 70% of plasma 1evel i,e 2.38-3.29TestsConventional UnitsSI UnitsPorphyrins, urineCoproporphyrinUroporphyrin34-230 meg/24 h 27-52 mcg/24 h52-351 nmol/24h 32-63 nmol/24hPotassium, plasma (Hep)MalesFemales3.5-4.5 mEq/L3.4-6.0 mEq/... | 17,175 | medmcqa_train |
Drug of choice for ventricular arrhythmias due to mycardial infarction (MI) is: | Xylocaine or lidocaine administered intravenously is specifically indicated in the acute management of ventricular arrhythmias such as those occurring in relation to acute myocardial infarction, or during cardiac manipulation, such as cardiac surgery. it belongs to class 1b agents other best drugs to prevent arrhythmia... | 17,176 | medmcqa_train |
The increase in head circumference in 1st year of life is what percentage of head circumference at birth | Head circumference at birth = 35cm
↑ in HC in 1st 3 months = 2cm/month = 6cm
↑ in HC in 4-6 months = 1cm/month = 3cm
↑ in HC in 7-6 months = 0.5cm/month = 3cm
By 1st year, HC = 35+6+3+3 = 47cm
↑ in HC = 47 - 35cm = 12cm
% of ↑ in HC in 1st year of life = 12/35 × 100 = 33% | 17,177 | medmcqa_train |
IUD of choice in menorrhagia: (Repeat) | Ans: D (Levonorgestrel IUCD) Ref: Shaw's Textbook of Gynaecology 15th Edition Pg: 230Explanation:Levonorgestrel IUCD is progesterone impregnated IUCD and is recommended to control bleeding in menorrhagia.Other non contraceptive benefits of LNG IUCD:DUBEndometrial hyperplasiaIntrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCD)Biol... | 17,178 | medmcqa_train |
Terminal branches of facial nerve are all, EXCEPT? | The facial nerve crosses lateral to the styloid process and penetrates the parotid gland. In the parotid gland, the nerve divides at the pes anserinus into 2 major divisions; i.e, the superiorly directed temporal-facial and the inferiorly directed cervicofacial branches. After the main point of division, 5 major branch... | 17,179 | medmcqa_train |
Dorsiflexion of ankle joint is by | Muscles producing movements of ankle - A. Dorsiflexion : Tibialis anterior is the principal muscle,(Extensor digitorum anterior longus, Extensor hallucis longus,Peroneus teius are the accessory muscles) B. Plantar flexion : Gastrocnemius and Soleus are the principal muscles ( plantaris, Tibialis posterior, Flexor hallu... | 17,180 | medmcqa_train |
A 2 weeks baby with central cyanosis has grade II systolic murmur, normal S1, single S2, plethoric lung. What is the diagnosis? | a. TGA(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2211-2217, Ghai 8/e p 420-423)The given clinical picture suggests a diagnosis of TGA (Transposition of great arteries)In TOF and Pulmonary atresia, pulmonary vascularity is decreasedIn TAPVC, S2 is not single, rather there is a wide fixed split of the 2nd heart sound. | 17,181 | medmcqa_train |
Establishment of fetoplacental circulation seen at- | Impoant Events Following Feilization 0' hour Feilization (day-15 from LMP) 30 hours 2 cell stage (blastomeres) 40-50 hours 4 cell stage 72 hours 12 cell stage 96 hours 16 cell stage. Morula enters the uterine cavity 5th day Blastocyst 4-5th day Zona pellucida disappears 5-6th day Blastocyst attachment to endometrial su... | 17,182 | medmcqa_train |
A deficiency of substance B12 can result in an anemia. Choose the type of anemia that would occur if the substance were deficient. | Functions of vitamin B12 a. Vitamin B12 contains cobalt in a corrin ring that resembles a porphyrin.(1). Vitamin B12 is the cofactor for methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, which catalyzes the rearrangement of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA (see Fig below).(a). This reaction is involved in the production of succinyl-CoA from ... | 17,183 | medmcqa_train |
A 24 years old male, who has been having feverfor 15 days stas having acute pain and distension of abdomen. Abdominal examinationreveals generalised tenderness with guarding. The most likely diagnosis is | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Enteric perforation | 17,184 | medmcqa_train |
Drug contraindicated in iridocyclitis: March 2012, March 2013 (a, d, h) | Ans: B i.e. Pilocarpine Iridocyclitis is included under anterior uveitis Iritis is most frequently mistaken either for conjunctivitis or acute glaucoma. The error of mistaking iritis for acute glaucoma is very serious, paicularly because the treatment of the 2 conditions is diametrically opposite. Dilatation of the pup... | 17,185 | medmcqa_train |
Road - to health cha was given by? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., David morley Growth cha Also known as "road-to-health" cha. It was first designed by David morley. It is a visible display of the child's physical growth and development. It is designed primarily for the longitudinal follow-up (growth monitoring) of child. Mostly weight for age is taken into considera... | 17,186 | medmcqa_train |
The blood culture from a patient of febrile neutropenia has grown Pseudomonas aeruginosa, It was found to be a producer of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase enzyme. The best choice of antimicrobial therapy should be - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Imipenem + Amikacin Extended spectrum b lactamases are now responsible for majority of multidrug resistance in Gram negative bacteria.Outbreaks due to strains possessing ESBL have been associated with extensive institutional use of 3rd generation cephalosporins.Extended spectrum b lactamases are resis... | 17,187 | medmcqa_train |
Descending motor tract responsible for rapid skilled movements. | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Rubrospinal tract o Pyramidal (corticospinal) tract and extrapyramidal tracts concerned with the muscles of the trunk and proximal portion of limbs (Le., the muscle mainly concerned with the postural control) occupy anterior white column of spinal cord and terminate in the medial ventral horn on the m... | 17,188 | medmcqa_train |
Turner syndrome is associated with | Turner's syndrome is associated with coarctation of aoa. Reference: Ghai essential pediatrics, 9 th edition, page 638 | 17,189 | medmcqa_train |
HLA associated with rheumatoid ahritis - | The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system or complex is a gene complex encoding the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins in humans. These cell-surface proteins are responsible for the regulation of the immune system in humans. The HLA gene complex resides on a 3 Mbp stretch within chromosome 6p21. HLA genes a... | 17,190 | medmcqa_train |
Mediolateral episiotomy is preferred over midline episiotomy because : | Less chance of third degree extension | 17,191 | medmcqa_train |
A 55-year-old woman with cancer of the cervix undergoes hysterectomy and is found to have pelvic lymph nodes involved with cancer. She then receives a course of external beam radiation (4500 rads). When the physician counsels her prior to her radiation treatment, she should be told of all the possible complications of ... | The effects of radiation on the intestine depend on a variety of factors, which include the age of the patient, temperature, degree of oxygenation, and metabolic activity. Acute intestinal radiation injury is manifested in the bowel by the cessation of viable cell production and is seen clinically as diarrhea or gastro... | 17,192 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is the Post-Chemotherapy based staging system in Wilm's tumor | Tumor staging is one of the most impoant criteria in the therapeutic and prognostic consideration of WT. The International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) staging system is based on preoperative chemotherapy but is applied after resection. The presence of metastases is evaluated at presentation, relying on imaging... | 17,193 | medmcqa_train |
At what time of the day GH levels are highest:September 2007 | Ans. A: 2 hours after sleepGH is synthesized and secreted from the anterior pituitary gland in a pulsatile manner throughout the day; surges of secretion occur at 3- to 5-hour intervals. The largest and most predictable of these GH peaks occurs about 2 hours of deep sleep, otherwise there is wide variation between days... | 17,194 | medmcqa_train |
HPV triage strategy includes all except: | HPV triage strategy includes:
i. Pap smear test–by liquid based thin layer cytology
ii. Hybrid capture 2 for detecting HPV DNA | 17,195 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following statement about ascites is true? | The diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is made when the fluid sample has an absolute neutrophil count >250/mL.Treatment is with a second-generation cephalosporin, with cefotaxime being the most commonly used antibiotic.Large volume paracentesis is not indicated in SBP.Hemorrhagic ascites was defined a... | 17,196 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not a tumor marker | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Human leucocyte antigen A2 | 17,197 | medmcqa_train |
True statement regarding parathyroid glands is | i.e. (Inferior parathyroid glands lies ventral to recurrent laryngeal nerve and above the inferior thyroid artery): (176-BDC-3, 5th ed) (821- Snell 8th)INFERIOR PARATHYROID GLAND - may lies (More variable position)1. Within the thyroid capsule, below the inferior thyroid artery and near the lower pole of the thyroid lo... | 17,198 | medmcqa_train |
Calcification of Interveebral Disc is seen in | C i.e. Alkaptonuria Features Disease Fish Mouth Veebrae - Sickel Cell AnemiaQ HomocystinuriaQ Cod Fish Veebra (Biconcave veebra) - Osteomalacia, Osteoporosis, Hyperparathyroid Rugger jersey spine (sclerosis of upper & lower spine borders) - CRF induced osteomalaciaQ - Osteopterosis (marbel bone disease) Calcification o... | 17,199 | medmcqa_train |
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