query stringlengths 1 1.57k | pos stringlengths 1 22.5k | idx int64 0 161k | task_name stringclasses 1
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An anesthesia resident was givnig spinal anesthesia when the patient had sudden aphonia and loss of consciousness. What could have happened? | C i.e. Vaso vagal attack Total spinal anesthesia - Ocurs if the large volume of LA used for epidural -anesthesia is injected into subarachnoid space i.e. it occurs following epidural/caudal anesthesia, if there is inadveent intrathecal injection of large volume of drugs. - It occurs after (not during injection) Vasovag... | 17,300 | medmcqa_train |
Poly cystic ovarian disease is associated with : | Endometrial carcinoma | 17,301 | medmcqa_train |
Superficial perineal muscles include: | C i.e., Bulbospongiosus | 17,302 | medmcqa_train |
The toxic principle of this plant is:- | Mayapple (May Apple) Toxic Principle : Podophyllin (purified form: podophyllotoxin) Clinical Features : Exposure of eyes causes irritation with conjunctivitis, keratitis, corneal ulceration, and iritis. Ingestion results in nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting,and diarrhoea. fever, tachypnoea, tachycardia, hypotension, ata... | 17,303 | medmcqa_train |
Abandoning a child will be punished for | Abandoning of a child Father or mother of a child who is under 12 years or anyone who is having care of such child, leaves such a child in any place with the intention of abandoning the child shall be punished with imprisonment upto 7 years. Ref: FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY Dr PC IGNATIUS THIRD EDITION PAGE 354 | 17,304 | medmcqa_train |
Left Axis Detion is seen are | Ans. is 'b' i.e., B Positive in Lead I and Negative in Lead II The normal QRS axis lies between -30deg and + 90". Left axis detion is conventionally diagnosed when QRS axis lies more leftward negative than -30". A quick way to assess QRS axis is to look at leads I and II. If the QRS axis is positive in leads 1 and II t... | 17,305 | medmcqa_train |
Most prominent action of angiotensin II- | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Vasoconstriction o All the given options are caused by angiotensin II. But vasoconstriction is the most prominent action.Actions of angiotensin 11 (A-II)o The most prominent action of A-II is vasoconstriction.o Angiotensin II is one of the most potent vasoconstrictors known, being four to eight times ... | 17,306 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not related to Epstein- Barr virus infection? | Following disease are caused by EBV (Epstein Barr virus): * Infectious mononucleosis * Nasopharyngeal carcinoma * Burkitt's lymphoma * Hodgkin's disease * B-cell lymphoma * Hairy (oral) leukoplakia Ref: Ananthanarayana textbook of Microbiology 9th edition Pgno : 474 | 17,307 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following chemical reaction is involved in the conversion of noradrenaline to adrenaline? | Catecholamines are derivatives of phenylalanine/tyrosine. "Nor" in noradrenaline (norepinephrine) indicates the absence of methyl group. The methyl group of adrenaline (epinephrine) is derived from S-Adenosyl methionine (AdoMet) | 17,308 | medmcqa_train |
Prophage is defined as: | Ans. is. 'a' i. e., Inseion of viral nucleic acid into bacteria by bacteriophage | 17,309 | medmcqa_train |
Migration studies explains - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Genetic factors affecting disease o Migration study (migrant study) is a method to evaluate role of possible genetic and environmental factors in the occurrence of disease in a population whose incidence varies in different Geographic areas. | 17,310 | medmcqa_train |
Risk of amniotic fluid embolism is greatest in : | During labour | 17,311 | medmcqa_train |
Limiting amino acid in legumes ? | Ans. is b, i.e., MethionineFood itemlimiting amino acidLegumesMethionine (also leucine & threonine)CerealsThreonine (also lysine)PulsesMethionine (also cysteine)MaizeTryptophan (also lysine) | 17,312 | medmcqa_train |
A 20 years old girl was raped around 13th day of her cycle. The best possible emergency contraception to be offered would be : | Ans. is c i.e. Levonorgestrel tablets Centchroman tablets are not used as emergency contraception. Cu-T cannot be used in nulliparous patients. LNG tablet is the answer of choice as it has : - Less failure rate No side effects Single dose therapy 0.75mg LNG is to be taken within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse and ... | 17,313 | medmcqa_train |
Non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) is paicularly useful in the modern era of diagnosis in clinical genetics. Which of the following statements is not true regarding this test? | Non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) has a high negative predictive value. NIPS: Useful in screening high-risk pregnancies for aneuploidies Done after 10 weeks of gestation Evaluates maternal blood for screening Positive tests need confirmation by invasive testing (like amniocentesis, Chorionic villous sampling) Ref:... | 17,314 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following describe pyogenic abscess except | Pyogenic abscess is fluctuant. | 17,315 | medmcqa_train |
VDRL test is used for - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Syphilis Laboratory diagnosis of syphiliso Lab. diagnosis of syphilis consists of: -A) Demonstration of spirochetes under microscopy# Microscopy is applicable only in primary & secondary stage as spirochetes are abundant during primary, and secondary stage (maximum number of spirochetes and infectivit... | 17,316 | medmcqa_train |
Hemagglutinin (Anti A and Anti B) are which type of antibodies - | IgM is a heavy molecule. - IgM molecules are polymers of five four-peptide subunits. the earliest immunoglobulin synthesized by the fetus. - the isohemagglutinins ( anti- A, anti - B ) and many other natural antibodies to microorganisms are usually IgM. ReReference:nathanarayan & paniker's 9th edition, pg no: 98 <\p> | 17,317 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following drugs promotes the release of endogenous insulin? | (Ref: KDT 6/e p270) It is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. It inhibits the breakdown of complex carbohydrates to simple carbohyrates and thus decreases their absorption. | 17,318 | medmcqa_train |
A 37-year-old woman presents to the emergency room after falling down some stairs at work. She reports no pre-monitory symptoms prior to the fall or any loss of consciousness. Recently she has noticed persistent symptoms of fatigue, muscle weakness, and unexpected weight gain. She has no past medical history and is not... | This patient has Cushing syndrome. The diagnosis is established by demonstrating increased cortisol secretion (24-hour urine cortisol collection) or by failure to suppress AM cortisol levels after overnight dexamethasone administration. Investigations for either adrenal tumor or pituitary adenoma (with CT or MR) are on... | 17,319 | medmcqa_train |
The epiblast is capable of forming which of the following germ layers? | The epiblast is capable of forming all three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) during gastrulation week 3 of development . | 17,320 | medmcqa_train |
A 16-year-old boy is rushed to the emergency room after sustaining a stab wound to the chest during a fight. Physical examination reveals a 1-cm entry wound at the right 5th intercostal space in the midclavicular line. His temperature is 37degC (98.6degF), respirations are 35 per minute and blood pressure is 90/50 mm H... | Pneumothorax is defined as the presence of air in the pleural cavity, may be due to traumatic perforation of the pleura or may be spontaneous. Traumatic causes include penetrating wounds of the chest wall (e.g., stab wound or a rib fracture). Pneumothorax causes collapse of a previously expanded lung, a condition that ... | 17,321 | medmcqa_train |
Not a vessel wall condition leading to bleeding ? | Ans. is `b' i.e., Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpuraBleeding disorders caused by vessel wall abnormalities are as follows :Infections: meningococcemia, rickettsiosesDrug induced leukocytoclasticvasculitisScurvy, EhlerDanlos syndrome, Cushing's syndromeHenoch-SchonleinpurpuraHereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Weber... | 17,322 | medmcqa_train |
A 70 year old man develops pneumonia and septicemia. Patient goes into renal failure and has a BP of 70/50 mm of Hg. Which of the following drugs could stabilise his blood pressure? | Treatment of septic shock include aggressive fluid resuscitation and oxygen supplementation. If hypotension persists, dopamine is the drug of choice to raise aerial pressure and to maintain BP. When dopamine fails to raise BP, a potent vasopressor like nor-epinephrine is used. Ref: Harrison's Principles of Internal Med... | 17,323 | medmcqa_train |
Acute Otitis media in Children is most commonly due to | (C) Streptococcus pneumoniae # Causative Organisms of ASOM:> Most common organisms in infants and young children are Streptococcus pneumoniae (30%), Haemophilus influenzae (20%) and Moraxella catarrhalis (12%).> Other organisms include Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus & sometimes Pseudomonas aeruginosa.> I... | 17,324 | medmcqa_train |
dihydroerigotamine differs from ergotamine in the following respect | hydrogenation of ergot alkaloids decrease their vasoconstrictor action and increase the Alpha blocking activity Ref-KDT 6/e p168 | 17,325 | medmcqa_train |
Mark the FALSE statement regarding Vincent's angina | Vincent Angina(Trench Mouth) - Progressive painful infection with ulceration, swelling and sloughing off of dead tissue from the mouth and throat due to the spread of infection from the gums -Causative organism:Bacillus fusiformis and Borrelia vincentii - The chief symptoms are painful, swollen, bleeding gums; small, p... | 17,326 | medmcqa_train |
A girl of 8 years suffering from vomiting and diarrhoea for last 2 days when pinched on the abdomen, skin goes within seconds. she is most likely to be suffering from –a) No dehydrationb) Some dehydrationc) Severe dehydrationd) Skin turgor cannot be commented | No dehydration → Skin goes back immediately.
Some dehydration → There is a slight delay, but the skin has to go back within 2 seconds.
Severe dehydration → The skin goes back after 2 seconds.
From this, we can rule out No dehydration but we cannot differentiate between some dehydration and severe dehydration as the spe... | 17,327 | medmcqa_train |
Thromboxane A2 causes | Thromboxane A2 secreted by platelets promotes platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction Ref: Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology Twenty-Third Edition Page No:563 | 17,328 | medmcqa_train |
Stellate granuloma is characteristic pathological feature of? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Cat scratch disease Stellate granulomaso Granuloma with characteristic central neutrophilic abscess surrounded by macrophages and other mononuclear cells are characteristic findings in lymph nodes in cat scratch disease, lymphogranuloma venereum, and tularemia. In these conditions the granulomas are o... | 17,329 | medmcqa_train |
"Asteroid" bodies are found in: | Sporotrichosis | 17,330 | medmcqa_train |
The treatment of choice for an 8 mm retained common bile duct (CBD) stone is | For CBD stones, endoscopic papillotomy is the preferred first technique with a sphincterotomy, removal of stones using Dormia basket or balloon catheter.ERCP can be used to remove retained CBD stones in 3 weeks of surgery. Reference: SRB&;s manual of surgery,5th edition, page no:652. | 17,331 | medmcqa_train |
NEERI headquaer is situated at ? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Nagpur National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) Headquaer is at Nagpur. | 17,332 | medmcqa_train |
Adipocere occurs in: | Ans. (B). Body lying in waterWarm, moist climate essential.Clostridium - lecithinaseIntrinsic lipase | 17,333 | medmcqa_train |
Which finding on electron microscopy indicates irreversible cell injury: | Ans. (c) Flocculent amorphous densities in the mitochondria(Ref: Robbins 9th/pg 42; 8th/pg 19; Refer to Ans 27)Please note: myelin figures first appear in reversible cellular injury and become more pronounced in irreversible cell injury. Hence if this q was asked in PGI, answer should be both c and d. but if we have to... | 17,334 | medmcqa_train |
Hypergastrinemia is seen in all, EXCEPT: | G cells - specialised endocrine cells secrete gastrin. Food especially protein, peptides and amino acids stimulate gastrin secretion. Fasting and increased gastric acidity inhibit gastrin release. High gastric pH is a strong stimulus for gastrin release. MUST KNOW: Hypergastrinemia is seen in: 1. Atrophic gastritis 2. ... | 17,335 | medmcqa_train |
All are true about carpal tunnel syndrome except, | Most common cause of carpal tunnel syndrome is idiopathic.
Malunited colle's fracture is one of the cause but Smith's fracture is not the cause. | 17,336 | medmcqa_train |
Action of popliteus muscle - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Lateral rotation of femur Popliteuso Popliteus is a deep muscle of posterior compartment of leg.o Features of popletius are -OriginLateral surface of lateral condyle of femur, origin is intracapsular.Outer margin of lateral meniscus of knee,insertionPosterior surface of shaft of tibia above soleal lin... | 17,337 | medmcqa_train |
Insulin secretion is induced by following EXCEPT: | Ans. c (Somatostatin). (Ref. Guyton 11th/pg. 968; Table 78-1)FACTORS AFFECTING INSULIN SECRETIONFactors that Increase Insulin SecretionFactors that decrease Insulin Secretion# Increased blood glucose# Increased blood free fatty acids# Increased blood amino acids# Gastrointestinal hormones (gastrin, cholecystokinin, sec... | 17,338 | medmcqa_train |
Mousy odour urine is seen in: | Phenylketonuria is caused by deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase & /or dihydrobiopterin (BH2) reductase, which regenerates BH4 from BH2. It presents with mousy (musty) odour in urine and emerald green colour in FeC13 test. The aim of first line therapy is to limit the substrate (i.e. phenylalanine) for deficient en... | 17,339 | medmcqa_train |
Preferred method for obtaining dense nephrograms | Rapid (bolus) injection of contrast is preferred method. | 17,340 | medmcqa_train |
Monitoring of β-HCG Useful in Management ofa) H.moleb) Choriocarcinomac) Ectopic Pregnancyd) Endodermal Sinus Tumor | β-hCG levels are helpful in monitoring:
a. H. mole:
“ A method of detecting the persistent mole and development of choriocarcinoma is by estimating hCG is the serumurine”.
Shaw 14/e, p 231
b. Chorio carcinoma:
β-hCG is a specific marker for choriocarcinoma.
The levels of b-hCG are monitored following chemotherapy and c... | 17,341 | medmcqa_train |
Atavism means child resembles with his – | Atavism means
The appearance of a characterstics presumed to have been present in some remote ancestor due to chance recombination of genes or environmental conditions favourable to their expression in the embryo. | 17,342 | medmcqa_train |
A 15-year-old boy is rushed to the emergency room after suffering a tonic-clonic seizure 4 weeks after a spelunking expedition. The boy appears irritable and agitated, and his parents state that he has difficulty swallowing fluids. Lumbar puncture shows numerous lymphocytes. The patient becomes delirious, slips into a ... | Rabies is an encephalitis caused by the rabies virus, which is transmitted to humans through contaminated saliva introduced by a bite. Dogs, wolves, foxes, and skunks are the principal reservoirs, but the infection is also acquired from the bite of rabid bats, which often inhabit caves. Viral replication initiates at t... | 17,343 | medmcqa_train |
A 25-year-old woman presents with intermittent symptoms of sweating, palpitations, and hunger. During each episode, her glucose level is less than 40 mg/dL. Her insulin level is low and glucagon level is high. Which of the following best describes the hormone function of glucagon? | This person has either fasting or reactive hypoglycemia. Glucagon exerts a marked effect on carbohydrate, fat, and lipid metabolism, and increases cAMP in many tissues. It is the first counterregulatory hormone to respond to hypoglycemia, and it does this by increasing glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Glucagonomas o... | 17,344 | medmcqa_train |
Constrictions of esophagus when measured from upper incisors are present at | At- 15 cm (6 inch) from incisor at cricophyrangeal junction behind the cricoid cailage () At 25 cm Broncho-aoic constriction(23+28[?]50/2[?]25cm) At 40 cm(15 inch) from incisor -esophageal hiatus where it passes through the diaphragm in the posterior mediastinum(T10) At 23 cm(9 inch) from incisor -due to crossing of ar... | 17,345 | medmcqa_train |
Antiviral drug having dual antiviral activity against HIV and HBV is: | Emtricitabine (FTC), with trade name Emtriva (formerly Coviracil), is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NI) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children.Emtricitabine is always used in combination with other HIV medicines. Because emtricitabine is also effective against HBV, it may be included ... | 17,346 | medmcqa_train |
Intervertebral disc is which type of joint - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Secondary cartilaginous Cartilaginous joints1) Primary cartilaginous joints (synchondrosis, or hyaline cartilage joint) : These are :-i) Joint between epiphysis and diaphysis of a growing long bone, i.e. physis.ii) Spheno-occipital jointiii) 1st costostemal joint (1st chondrosternal joint)iv) Costocho... | 17,347 | medmcqa_train |
Bradycardia is common after injection of – | Succinylcholine is the only muscle relaxant, which stimulates vagus → Bradycardia. | 17,348 | medmcqa_train |
The most common lysosomal storage disorder is | Ans. (a) Gaucher's diseaseRef: Harper's Biochemistry, 30th ed. pg. 251LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISEASE* Lyzosomal storage disorders are a group of approximately 50 rare inherited metabolic disorders that result from defects in lysosomal function.* Lysosomal storage disorders are caused by lysosomal dysfunction usually as a co... | 17,349 | medmcqa_train |
Physical examination of a premenopausal woman demonstrates bony swellings in the distal interphalangeal joints; no inflammation is apparent. The proximal interphalangeal joints, hands, and wrists are not involved, and the patient is asymptomatic. Which of the following processes is etiologically related to these findin... | The disease is osteoahritis, and the bony swellings are called "Heberden's nodes", which may or may not be symptomatic. Osteoahritis is thought to be related to repetitive joint trauma.Autoantibodies are impoant in rheumatoid ahritis. Bacterial infections cause septic ahritis.Crystal deposition is impoant in gout and p... | 17,350 | medmcqa_train |
Sampling method used in assessing immunization status of children under immunization programme is- | <p> Cluster sampling . Reference: Simple Biostatistics by Indeayan & Indrayan,1st edition,pg no:35-36 and Methods in Biostatistics by Mahajan,7 th edition,pg no:91. | 17,351 | medmcqa_train |
Acute phase reactants of inflammation are- | Acute-phase proteins are plasma proteins, mostly synthesized in the liver, whose plasma concentrations may increase several hundred-fold as pa of the response to inflammatory stimuli C-reactive protein (CRP) fibrinogen, serum amyloid A (SAA) protein ref robbins 9th ed page 99 | 17,352 | medmcqa_train |
Bernoulli's principle states | Ans. (a) Sum of kinetic energy of flow and pressure energy is constantRef: Ganong, 25th ed/p.571Velocity of blood flow (kinetic energy) and the pressure (potential energy) are interrelated by the Bernoulli's principleBernoulli's principle#States that "The sum of the kinetic energy of flow and the potential energy--is c... | 17,353 | medmcqa_train |
True about use of anticonvulsants and OCPs in epileptic patient is all except | Metabolic interactions between anticonvulsants and combined hormonal contraceptives usually do not result in increased seizure activity except for Lamotrigine. | 17,354 | medmcqa_train |
Hunt Hess scale is used to grade manifestations of - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Subarachnoid hemorrhage Subarachnoid hemorrhage:* The clinical state of a patient suffering from subarachnoid hemorrhage is highly predictive of the therapeutic outcome.* A grading system has therefore been developed to document the severity of patient's disease in order to guide therapy and prognosti... | 17,355 | medmcqa_train |
Effective leprosy control programme may be indicated by all of the following except – | Evaluation off programme:
There are two main types of indicators in leprosy control
a) Operational indicators
These are related to case-finding, treatment, relapses & disabilities for e.g.
Relapse rate - One of the best indicators of the efficacy of drug regimen
Case detection ratio - No. of cases registered / no. ... | 17,356 | medmcqa_train |
All are actions of cholecystokinin except: | Ans. A. Increase gastrin secretionActions of CCK CONTRACTION OF GALLBLADDERSECRETION OF PANCREATIC JUICEInhibits gastric emptyingExerts atrophic effect on the pancreasIncreases the secretion of enterokinaseAugments the action of secretin in producing secretion of an alkaline pancreatic juiceEnhances the motility of sma... | 17,357 | medmcqa_train |
Which drug inhibits absorption of cholesterol from intestine?(DNB 2012-section-1) | Ans. (b) EzetimibeRef'.Harrison's 18/e, ch 356 | 17,358 | medmcqa_train |
Hypochloremia, hypokalemia and alkalosis are seen in | Biochemical abnormality in congenital hyperophic pyloric stenosis is a regular feature of AIIMS and AI examinations it has been repeated several times. The biochemical abnormalities seen are: Hypokalemia Hypochloremia Alkalosis and Paradoxical aciduria Ref : Schwaz 9/e p59 | 17,359 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following lymphomas is associated with HTLV virus infection? | HTLV 1 causes adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma | 17,360 | medmcqa_train |
In a blast injury , which of the following organ is least involved | Primary blast injuries result from the rapid overpressure or shock waves produced by an explosion* These injuries result from the dramatic changes in barometric pressure projected from the point of detonation* Primary blast injuries predominantly cause damage to air filled hollow organs of the body from rapid pressure ... | 17,361 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following toure techniques are known by the term 'Telefono'? | Bell (campana): a method of toure leaving no external marks in which a person's head is placed within a pail or other metal container which is then struck repeatedly, causing sudden loud sounds and reverberations Buzzer (chicharra): a method of toure in which the person is repeatedly shocked through wires or other cond... | 17,362 | medmcqa_train |
Runt's disease is associated with | GVHD Robbins, 7 edition, Page 222 * Runt's disease: is a pathological condition in which cells from the transplanted tissue of a donor initiate an immunologic attack on the cells and tissue of the recipient Complications of small bowel transplantation: * Most of the moality after bowel transplantation is due to sepsis ... | 17,363 | medmcqa_train |
Diagnosis of traumatic rupture of diaphragm is done by? | The most accurate evaluation of diaphragmatic rupture is by video assisted thoracoscopy or laparoscopy, the latter offering the advantage of allowing the surgeon to proceed to a repair and additional evaluation of the abdominal organs . Chest X ray with nasogastric tube maybe helpful CT scan and diagnostic peritoneal l... | 17,364 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is used as an indicator for recent fecal contamination of water ? | Faecal streptococci regularly occur in faeces but in much smaller numbers than E.coli. Finding faecal streptococci in water is regarded as impoant confirmatory evidence of recent faecal pollution of water. Finding faecal Cl. perfringens in water in the absence of other organisms is regarded as impoant confirmatory evid... | 17,365 | medmcqa_train |
Persistence of Moro&;s reflex is abnormal beyond the age of ________ | Moro&;s reflex disappears by 3 - 6 months in normal infants. Persistence of the reflex after 6 months is abnormal and is common in children with MR without motor disturbance including Down's syndrome and in children with CP of the athetoid type. It is also sometimes observed in children with a severe brain malformation... | 17,366 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is recommended for culture sampling in Infective Endocarditis: | Answer is C (3 culture sets separated by at-least 1 hour over 24 hours) Three culture sets separated from one another by at-least I hour should he obtained over 24 hours. in the absence of prior antibiotic therapy three (2-bottled) culture sets separated from one another by at-least 1 hour should be obtained from diffe... | 17,367 | medmcqa_train |
Fever in burnt patient is caused by:a) Due to hypermetabolismb) Toxin released by dead tissuec) Infectiond) Dead tissue products | Long: Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, (3rd ed chapter 91) writes-
"Diagnosis of infectious complications in a burn victim is challenging. Although fever and elevated peripheral white blood cell count with a left shift are usual indicators of infection, their positive predictive value for diagn... | 17,368 | medmcqa_train |
Alpha - wave in EEG is seen in - | C i.e. Awake | 17,369 | medmcqa_train |
Long term complication (>10yr) renal transplantation is/are - | Chronic complications of renal transplant - Malignancy -most common lesions are cancers of skin, lips and carcinoma of cervix as well as lyhomas such as non Hodgkin lymphoma. Hypeension Hypercalcemia Anemia Chronic hepatitis -due to hepatitis B and C virus infection Ref:Harrison 20 th edition pg no 2131 | 17,370 | medmcqa_train |
Which among the following simple tests is used to measure/assess urethral hypermobility? | In Q tip test - A cotton swab is introduced into the urethra following which the patient is asked to perform valsalva manoeuver and the angle of urethra is assessed. An angle of excussion of > 300 from the horizontal indicates urethral hypermobility. Note:- Stress test can also be used to assess urethral hypermobility.... | 17,371 | medmcqa_train |
Drug of choice for classical angina attack - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., GTN PHARMACOLQG1CALTREATMENT OF STABLE (CLASSICAL ANGINA)o For immediate pre-cxcrtional prophylaxis and acute attack1. Sublingual glyceral trinitrate (Drug of choice)o Acts by decreasing preload (LV filling pressure - i myocardial oxygen demand),o Also cause redistribution of blood flow to the ischemi... | 17,372 | medmcqa_train |
In which of the following disease, Screening procedure increases the overall survival maximum? | Colonic cancer has highest 5-year survival rate post-screening. - This can be known by Kaplan meiyer survival analysis. - Screening of colonic cancer is done by colonoscopy. SCREENING TESTS OF OTHER OPTIONS: - Prostate cancer : Prostate specific antigen + DRE - Lung cancer : Chest x-ray - Ovarian cancer: transvaginal u... | 17,373 | medmcqa_train |
All are true about "lead time" except | Concept of Lead Time Lead time - Lead time is the period between early detection by Screening and diagnosis by other means later in life Lead time is the "Advantage gained by screening" Detection programs should be restricted to those conditions in which there is considerable time lag The benefits of the programme must... | 17,374 | medmcqa_train |
First line management of Menetrier's disease? | Menetrier's disease is example of protein losing enteropathy Premalignant condition Rugosities of stomach Foveolar cell hyperplasia (produce excess of mucin) Cerebriform appearance of stomach mucosa. Gastric fold are prominent in body and fundus & spares Antrum. In children's it is caused by CMV and in adult it is unkn... | 17,375 | medmcqa_train |
Which type of eclampsia has the worst prognosis: | Prognosis in eclampsia long interval between onset of fit and commencement of treatment antepaum eclampsia with long delivery interval number of fits more than 10 coma in between fits temperature over 102 degree F with pulse rate above 120/min BP >200mmHg systolic oliguria with proteinuria non response to treatment jau... | 17,376 | medmcqa_train |
Eales' disease is best treated with: | Ans. Steroids | 17,377 | medmcqa_train |
Wernicke's encephalopathy is due to deficiency of - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Thiamine Wernike's encephalopathyo This is caused by thiamine deficiency.o There are acute degenerative changes in thalamus, hypothalamus and mammillary bodies,o Signs are: confusion, ocular paresis and nystagmus, staggering gait and peripheral neuropathy. | 17,378 | medmcqa_train |
Which amino acid has maximum tendency to bind phosphate ? | OH containing amino acid has maximum tendency to bind phosphate Eg.Tyrosine, Threonine and Serine. | 17,379 | medmcqa_train |
Maximum visual impairment occurs in: | Nebular corneal opacity has maximal visual disability. Type of corneal opacities Nebular: Superficial layers involving upto superficiial stroma. It do more disability of vision owing to the irregular astigmatism. Macular: Upto mid stroma is involved as opacity Leucomatous: Full thickness stromal opacity. Adherent leuco... | 17,380 | medmcqa_train |
Basic defect in HbS is? | Basic defect in HbS is altered solubility. A molecule of hemoglobin S (HbS) contains two normal a globin chains and two mutant b globin chains- glutamate at position 6 is substituted with valine. This replaces the polar glutamine residue with a nonpolar valine. The replacement of glutamate by valine generates a sticky ... | 17,381 | medmcqa_train |
Capsaicin acts on ______ | Vanilloid receptor is a nociceptor. Capsaicin binds to Vanilloid receptor. | 17,382 | medmcqa_train |
Frequent blushing (“erethism”) is associated with : - | Mercury
Mechanism of toxicity.
Mercury reacts with sulfhydryl (SH) groups, resulting in enzyme inhibition and pathologic alteration of cellular membranes.
Clinical presentation. Acute inhalation
Severe chemical pneumonitis and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema.
Acute gingivostomatitis may also occur.
Chronic intoxication
... | 17,383 | medmcqa_train |
Acetyl CoA cannot be conveed to: | Acetyl CoA is a staing material for Fatty Acid Synthesis, Cholesterol Synthesis & Ketone Body Synthesis (option a, c & d). But Acetyl CoA is never a substrate for Gluconeogenesis i.e. it can never form glucose (option b). Because Acetyl CoA can never be conveed back to Pyruvate as Link reaction or Pyruvate Dehydrogenas... | 17,384 | medmcqa_train |
Bifurcation of Trachea is at the level of | Bifurcation of Trachea is at the level of Body of T6 | 17,385 | medmcqa_train |
True about barbiturates ? | Ans. is ,a, i.e., Have steep dose response curve(Ref: Goodmen & Gillmen |2',h/e p. 471)Barbiturates depress all areas of CNS, but the reticular activating system is most sensitive.Barbiturates have steep dose response curve.Except For phenobarbitone in epiteliu andthiopentonein anaesthesia,barbituratesare used now'The ... | 17,386 | medmcqa_train |
Tennis racket cells is seen in - | o Tumor cells of sarcoma botryoids are small and have oval nuclei, with small protrusions of cytoplasm from one end, so they resemble a tennis racket. REF: ROBBINS pathology 10th edition | 17,387 | medmcqa_train |
Yellow color on the new WHO standard mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) tape correlates to a MUAC of ________ | Yellow color on the new WHO standard mid-upper arm circumference of (MUAC) tape correlates to a MUAC of 11.5 to 12.5 cm. Mid-Upper arm Circumference: Used in children between 6 to 60 months Measured between the acromion and olencranon process It is an age-dependent parameter (between 6-60 months) MUAC tape cut-offs Col... | 17,388 | medmcqa_train |
Mites are the vectors of the following disease except: | - Vector is an ahropod or inveebrate which can transmits an infection. - Mites are the vectors of: Scabies Scrub typhus Rickettsial pox Rickettsial Diseases Disease Cause Vector Reservoir Epidemic typhus R. Prowazeki Louse Man Endemic typhus R. Typhi flea Rodents Indian tick typhus R. conori Tick Rodents RMSF R. ricket... | 17,389 | medmcqa_train |
Protractor of scapula is? | Serratus anteriorREF: Gray's anatomy 39th ed p. 829, 830Movements of scapula:MovementMusclesElevationTrapezius and Levator scapularProtractionSerratous anterior and Pectoralis minorRetractionRhomboids and TrapeziusLateral rotationupper trapezius and lower serratousMedial rotationLevator scapulae , Rhomboids and Pectora... | 17,390 | medmcqa_train |
Shagreen patch is a cha racteristic feature of - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Tuberous Sclerosiso Shagreen Patch (connective tissue naevi) are roughened raised leathery lesions with an orange peel consistency that are typically seen in patients with Tuberous Sclerosis. | 17,391 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is the established biological therapy for Crohn's disease? | Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) is a key inflammatory cytokine and mediator of intestinal inflammation. The expression of TNF is increased in IBD. Infliximab is a chimeric human monoclonal antibody against TNF that is extremely effective in Crohn's disease. Recently adalimumab has also been approved for treatment of modera... | 17,392 | medmcqa_train |
Chronic granulomatous disease is | ref Harrison 18/e p 387 It is a congenital and not acquired leucocyte function defect CGD Overview. Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) is an inherited primary immunodeficiency disease (PIDD) which increases the body's susceptibility to infections caused by ceain bacteria and fungi. Granulomas are masses of immune cell... | 17,393 | medmcqa_train |
False about ulcerative colitis | String sign is seen in chron's disease. | 17,394 | medmcqa_train |
Which poion of MHC1 complex forms the component of antigen presenting pa? | Antigen Presenting pa of MHCMHC 1/HLA I:Class 1 molecule consists of three domains of heavy alpha peptide chain (a1; a2; a3) which are non-covalently linked to smaller b2 microglobulin peptide.The distal domain (alpha 1 and alpha 2) of MHC 1 have highly variable amino acid sequences and are folded to form a cavity or g... | 17,395 | medmcqa_train |
A 50-year-old chronic alcoholic presents to the emergency room with 12 hours of severe abdominal pain. The pain radiates to the back and is associated with an urge to vomit. Physical examination discloses exquisite abdominal tenderness. Laboratory studies show elevated serum amylase. Which of following morphologic chan... | Fat necrosis. Saponification of fat derived from peripancreatic fat cells exposed to pancreatic enzymes is a typical feature of fat necrosis. Lipase, released from pancreatic acinar cells during an attack of acute pancreatitis, hydrolyzes fat into fatty acids and glycerol. Free fatty acids bind with calcium to form soa... | 17,396 | medmcqa_train |
A patient develops hypoglycemia. He was on insulin and acarbose. For treatment of above what is to be given aEUR' | Glucose Hypoglycemic reactions are the most common complication of insulin therapy. It commonly result from: ? - Inadequate carbohydrate consumption - Unusual physical exeion - Too large dose of insulin Management of hypoglycemia All the manifestations of hypoglycemia are relieved by glucose administration. To increase... | 17,397 | medmcqa_train |
A neonate presenting with heart failure on day 7 of life has this chest X-ray. What is the most probable diagnosis? | d. TGAChest X-ray showing 'egg on side' appearance in a neonate presenting with heart failure on day 7 of life has TGA (Transposition of great arteries) | 17,398 | medmcqa_train |
Glucose may be synthesised from | Glycerol is release during the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols in adipose tissue and is delivered by the blood to the liver, where it is used in the synthesis of glucose by gluconeogenesis. | 17,399 | medmcqa_train |
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