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Essential pentosuria is seen in defect of which pathway -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Uronic acid pathway o Essential pentosuria is an inherited disorder of uronic acid pathway due to deficiency of enzyme L-xylulose dehydrogenase.
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Subterminal spores are seen in ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Cl perfringens
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All are causes of pulmonary hypeension except,
Hyperventilation [Ref Harrison 17th/e p. 1579; 161h/e p. 14041 There are three main causes of pulmonary hypeension:- i) Cardiac diseases ii) Respiratory disease iii) Pulmonary thromboembolic disease Cardiac diseases -Lead to pulmonary hypeension by increasing pulmonary blood flow (e.g., large left to right shunt) or by...
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All of the following are impoant mechanisms of gene transfer in bacteria, except ?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Veical gene transfer Gene transfer Gene transfer refers to the process of genetic material (e.g. DNA) being sent and received among two organisms-* Donor sends and recipient receives the genetic material. There are two processes of gene transfer :? 1. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) or lateral gene tra...
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Atropine causes all except: March 2012
Ans: A i.e. Bronchoconstriction Effects of atropine Atropine causes bronchodilatation and reduced airway resistance, especially in COPD and asthma patients The most prominent effect of atropine is to cause tachycardia Atropine markedly decreases sweat, salivary (dry mouth), tracheobronchial and lacrimal secretion (M3 b...
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Menkes Kinky hair syndrome is characterized by a congenital deficiency of
Menkes disease ("Kinky" or "steely" hair disease) is a disorder of copper metabolism due to mutations in the gene for a copper-binding P-type ATPase, i.e. ATP7A gene.
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Pig in H1N1 influenza acts as?
Pig / swine is reservoir of H1N1 influenza. Reference; Park&;s Textbook of preventive and social medicine, 24th edition.Pg no. 164
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Negri bodies are hallmark of Rabies, these Negri bodies are seen in?
Negri bodies are intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion seen inside the neurons, especially hippocampal pyramidal cells and parking cells.
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Trichomoniasis is
Trichomoniasis is non viral sexually transmitted disease. Vertical transmission during birth is possible. It's incidence increases with patient age.
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What is the use of bezlotoxumab?
bezlotocumab is a human Monoclonal antibody used in the treatment to prevemt tht recurrence of clostridium difficale infections. It acts by binding to Fab regions of the antibody and neutralises the toxin B.
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A 65-year-old P3+0 female complains of procidentia. She has past history of MI and is diabetic and hypeensive. Ideal management of prolapse in the patient is
Le fo&;s repairReserved for elderly patients with an advanced prolapse or for those women who are medically unfit The procedure can be performed under sedation and local anesthesia or epidural anesthesiaProcedureThe flaps of the vagina from the anterior and posterior vaginal walls are excised and raw areas are opposed ...
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A population of 1000 people in whom the prevalence of disease XYZ is 50%. ABC screening test was used to screen disease which has specificity and sensitivity of 50 %. What is positive predictive value of screening test ABC.
Total Population = 1000 Prevalence = 50% People have Disease = 500 Not have Disease = 500 Method 1 Test Disease [?] Th [?] A TP ? B FP ? Th C FN ? D TN ? 500 (given) 500 (given) 1000 (given) Test Disease [?] Th [?] A 250 B 250 Th C 250 D 250 Method 2 ( Baye's Theorum)
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Increased Gamma efferent discharge is seen in all except
(D) Rapid shallow breaking # Increased Gamma efferent discharge> Anxiety (hyperactive tendon reflexes)> Stimulation of skin, especially by noxious agent> Jendrassik's maneuver (trying to pull the hands apart when the flexed fingers are hooked together facilitates the knee-jerk reflex).
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Plant penicillin is -
Organochlorine insecticides are chlorinated hydrocarbons and are divided into four types as: * DDT (dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane) and analogues * Benzene hexachloride group -- e.g. BHC, lindane * Cyclodines and related compounds -- e.g. endrin, aldrin,dieldrin, endosulfan, sobenzan * Toxaphene and related compounds...
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Which of the following is not a congenital anomaly?
Mastitis is an inflammation of breast tissue that sometimes involves an infection. The inflammation results in breast pain, swelling, warmth and redness. You might also have fever and chills. Mastitis most commonly affects women who are breast-feeding (lactation mastitis) . Ref - medscape.com
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FROMENT'S SIGN is due to which nerve injury?
FROMENT'S SIGN/BOOK TEST: - Tests Adductor pollicis muscle - It is innervated by ULNAR NERVE - In ulnar nerve injury, when the patient is asked to grasp a book firmly b/w thumb & other fingers of both the hands, Terminal phalanx of thumb on paralysed side becomes flexed at interphalangeal joint
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Cholesterol is not a precursor for synthesis of:
Cholesterol is a precursor for synthesis of : Vitamin D, Steroid hormones Bile acids Lipocoin/ Annexin, inhibitor of phospholipase A2 enzyme. Increased expression of the gene coding for annexin-1 is one of the mechanisms by which glucocoicoids (such as coisol) inhibit inflammation.
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True regarding the development of ear: (PGI Dec 2007)
Ans: A (Eustachian tube..); B (Eustachian tube.,); C (Pinna develops..) & D (Growth of the inner,.) Eustachian Tubeit connects nasopharynx with the tympanic cavity. In adults it is about 36 cm long & runs downwards, forwards media] ly from its tympanic end, forming an angle of 45 with the horizontal.The tympanic end of...
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Which of the following statements is true of cholera enterotoxin?
.
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The antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer is used in the diagnosis of:
The antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer is the most commonly used streptococcal antibody test to establish a recent streptococcal infection and acute rheumatic fever (ARF). An ASO titer of 240 Todd units or higher in adults or 320 Todd units or higher in children is considered modestly elevated. ASO titers above 500 Todd un...
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A 57-year-old male patient with a history of alcoholism has decided to stop drinking. Of the following, the agent most commonly used to treat anxiety and agitation associated with the initial stages of alcohol withdrawal is
Chlordiazepoxide Because it is long-acting and has relatively low abuse potential, chlordiazepoxide is the antianxiety agent most commonly used to treat the anxiety and agitation associated with the initial stages of alcohol withdrawal.
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M.0 cause of liver abscess:
Ans. (c) E. coli Remember: E.coli is MC cause of: - intraabdominal abscess - Neonatal meningitis - UTI. Note: Most common manifestation of E. coli : Diarrhea > UTI > Abdominal and pelvic infection
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Lovastatin causes
Ans. is 'a' and 'c' i.e., Increased LDL receptor and Decreased LDL cholesterol Statins -Mechanism of action -Decrease the synthesis of cholesterol by inhibition of rate limiting enzyme HMG CoA. reductase.Effect on lipids Decrease in lipids Decrease Triglycerides Increase HDLStatins decrease synthesis of cholesterol by ...
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Metrinidazole is least likely to be effective in the treatment of
Ref-KDT 6/e p686 Metranidazole is not effective against pneumocyst infection. The DOC for this condition is cotrimoxazole
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All are true regarding the enamel spindles except:
Enamel spindles are formed by extensions of odontoblast processes into enamel before calcification. They are odontoblastic processes that cross the dentinoenamel junction and get entrapped in the enamel.
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Uretheritis is seen in:
Answer is A (Reiter's Syndrome): Syndrome is characterized by the triad of urethritis, conjunctivitis and ahritis.
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The syndromic management of urethral discharge includes
Ans. c. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatisSyndromic ManagementUrethral discharge: Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatisGenital ulcer disease: Syphilis and Chancroid
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Splenectomy can lead to: September 2005
Ans. B: Thrombocytosis Thrombocytosis sometimes occurs after spleen-removal surgery. Spleen holds approximately one-third of the blood platelets that are in the human body. So, it stands to reason that the removal of the spleen would prompt an increase in blood-platelet circulation throughout the body. The thrombocytos...
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Which antimalarial drug can be safely administered baby with gluc ose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase' deficiency:
Chloroquine
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International disease surveillance is for
Diseases under WHO surveillance  Polio Rabies Relapsing fever Influenza Salmonella Malaria Louse born typhus
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Sperm motility is increased in
Sperm motility describes the ability of sperm to move properly through the female reproductive tract (internal feilization)Ref: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology;24th edition; page no:-421
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A 24-year-old man on chronic corticosteroid therapy for severe asthma presents with a 6-month history of increasing hip pain. This patient most likely exhibits symptoms of which of the following metabolic bone diseases?
Risk factors for osteoporosis include smoking, vitamin D deficiency, low body mass index, hypogonadism, a sedentary lifestyle, and glucocorticoid therapy (seen in this patient). Bone loss and fractures are the hallmarks of osteoporosis, regardless of the underlying cause. Choices A and C are congenital disorders that a...
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A 54-year old woman complains of hot flashes and night sweats. Her last menstrual period was 2 years ago. She also has migraine headaches and a family history of breast cancer her maternal aunt. What is the appropriate treatment for her?
This 54-year old woman has vasomotor instability and needs hormonal replacement. Because she has two contraindications to estrogen therapy (migraine headaches and a family history of breast cancer), medroxyprogesterone acetate is the best treatment of choice. Even though it is less effective than estrogen, it still can...
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The quadrangular space is bounded by the following structures, except the-
Ans. C. DeltoidTHE QUADRANGULAR AND TRIANGULAR SPACESa. Anteriorly, the quadrangular space is bounded by subscapularis, the capsule of the shoulder joint and teres minor above, teres major below, the long head of triceps medially, and the surgical neck of the humerus laterally.b. Posteriorly, the quadrangular space is ...
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True about Salmonella typhi infection in intestine are:
Ans. (a) Affects Peyer's patches Enteric manifestations of S.typhi: S. typhi invades peyer's patches and form oval ulcer with their long axis along the length of bowel (Tuberculosis result in transverse ulcer). Peyer's patches lie along antimesentric border, so ulcer are common in antimesentric border. Stricture is rar...
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Following cailage are derivative fo Second arch except
Human embryology Tenth edition Inderbir Singh's Pg 132 The cailage of the second arch forms the following: Stapes Styloid process Stylohyoid ligament Smaller cornu of hyoid bone Superior pa of body of hyoid bone The following structures are derived from cailage of third arch Greater cornu of hyoid bone Lower pa of body...
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Antidepressant drug that can he used in nocturnal enuresis is?
In children above 5 years, imipramine 25 mg at bedtime is effective, but bed wetting may again sta when the drug is stopped. Eldery subjects with bed wetting have also benefited. REF: KD Tripati 8th ed.
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Which of the following treatments for menorrhagia is not supported by evidence?
Ans. is 'b' i.e. Ethamsylate Ethamsylate has a dubious role in treatment of menorrhagia. Tranexamic acid, progesterone and combined OCP, all have proven role in treatment of menorrhagia."Ethamsylate is thought to act by reducing capillary fragility, though the precise mechanisms are uncertain. Studies with objective MB...
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During the process of chlorination of water, the disinfecting action of chlorine is due to the formation of-
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ions
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The net protein utilization of rice is -
1gm of protein is assumed to be equivalent to 6.25g of N. Rice contain 7g of protein. REF. PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICAL 21ST EDITION. PAGE NO - 584
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All are serotonin recuptake inhibitor except:
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRis) Fluoxetine, Fluvoxamine, Paroxetine, Seraline, Citalopram, Escitalopram Ref: K D Tripathi 8th edition
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Cutaneous innervations of dorsum of foot are marked in the given diagram. The area D supplied by
Common peroneal nerve wind around the neck of fibula and divide into superficial and deep peroneal nerve Superficial peroneal nerve (musculo cutaneous nerve of lower limb) - supplies peroneus longus and brevis Deep peroneal nerve - supplies extensor compament of leg CHOICE EXPLANATION & ELIMINATION REASON 1 B - area su...
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Prostaglandin analogs have therapeutic utility in the following EXCEPT :
Prostaglandin analogs are useful for Pulmonary hypertension Impotence Peptic ulcer Bronchial asthma Inflammatory bowel disease Remember, For PDA, indomethacin (drug decreasing PGs) is used.
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A 25-year-old woman complains of headache for 4 months duration. She is obese and has bilateral papilledema, and her vision is deteriorating. Her opening CSF pressure is elevated; other CSF findings are normal. CT and MRI scans are normal. These signs are due to the result of impairment of CSF egress. At which of the f...
Condition - Pseudotumor cerebri (benign intracranial hypeension), seen primarily in young obese women between the age of 20 and 50. -likely due to high pressure within the skull caused by the buildup or poor absorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by Arachnoid villi activity. -Symptoms of pseudotumor cerebri include he...
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During endoscopic biopsy of a distal esophageal cancer, perforation of the esophagus is suspected when the patient complains of significant new substernal pain. An immediate chest film reveals air in the mediastinum. You would recommend
Esophagogastrectomy celiotomy ......... Perforation of the esophagus in the chest is a surgical catastrophe that requires aggressive intervention in viually all circumstances. While that intervention can usually consist of effos to patch the perforation and drain the mediastinum concomitant obstructive esophageal disea...
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Composites usually do not need pulp thermal protection below it because they have:
Composites usually donot need liners and bases for thermal protection as they are poor conductors of heat and have low thermal conductivity. They may need liners for pulp capping and also to reduce effects of polymerization shrinkage but not for thermal protection. Reference- Sturdevant 6th ed
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Indication for surgery in benign prostatic hyperophy are all except: 1. Urinary retention 2. Frequency 3. Enlarged prostate
| freuency & enlarged prostate are not an indication for surgery in BPH. Absolute indications for surgery in BPH Refractory urinary retention (falling at least one attempt catheter removal) Recurrent UTI. Recurrent gross hematuria Bladder stones (BS) Renal insufficiency Minimal improvement or medical treatment.
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Which of the following is not asked in personal history in a psychiatric disorder?
Food preferences is not a standard component of psychiatric history. The impoant components of personal history in psychiatry include the following: 1. Perinatal history 2. Childhood history 3. Educational history (Academic history) 4. Occupational history 5. Sexual and marital history 6. Menstural history
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Which of the following chemotherapy agent can cause SIADH?
Neoplasms: Carcinoma - lung, duodenum, pancreas, ovary, Mesothelioma, Branchial adenoma, Carcinoid, Ewing sarcoma Head trauma Infections- Pneumonia, Abscess (lung or brain), Cavitation (aspergillosis), TB (lung or brain), Meningitis (Bacterial or viral) Encephalitis, AIDS Vascular: Cerebrovascular occlusions, hemorrhag...
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KISA% is associated with-
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Keratoconus * The KISA index is used in cases of keratoconus and is derived using 4 indices:i) Central keratometry Kii) Inferior- Superior keratometry (I-S)iii) Astigmatism Index (AST)* It is calculated using videokeratograph device and it quantifies th degree of corneal astigmatism and the SRAX index...
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Recurrent chalazion in old age may indicate: March 2004
Ans. C i.e. Adenocarcinoma of the meibomian giana
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Hyperangina is caused by ?(
Hepangina is caused by Coxsackie viruses Ref Harrison20th edition pg 980
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Omalizumab is used in treatment of:
Omalizumab is a blocking antibody that neutralizes circulating IgE without binding to cell-bound IgE; it thus inhibits IgE-mediated reactions. This treatment has been shown to reduce the number of exacerbations in patients with severe asthma and may improve asthma control. However, the treatment is very expensive and o...
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Pautrier's micro-abscess is a histological feature of-
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Mycosis fungoides Pautrier's microabscesses is a histopathological characteristics of mycosis fungoides.Pautrier's micro abscesses * It is an intraepidermal collection of atypical lymphocytes and band of lymphoid cells in the upper dermis. More on mycosis fungoidesIt is a malignant tumour of dermis.It...
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Possibility of veical transfer of HIV infection if prophylaxis is given: March 2007
Ans. A: 1% Possibility of veical transfer of HIV infection in pregnant woman who are receiving combination antiretroviral therapy is approaching 1%.
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a new agent was developed to increase the recognition of foreign antigens by antigen presenting cells .true regarding the physiological aspects of APCs
EXOGENOUS ANTIGENS ARE FIRST PHAGOCYTOSED BY APCs THEN THEY ARE PROCESSED BY APC s and presented on the surface of apc along with mhc 2 to be recognised by cd4+ t cells antigen Presenting Cells Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are specialized cells, which include macrophages, B lymphocytes, and dendritic cells, are dist...
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In addition to ETEC another strain of E.coli that causes Travellers diarrhea is
.Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a non-Shiga toxin-producing strain of E. coli that causes diarrhea an "attaching and effacing" mechanism on the surface of enterocytes . In adults, EPEC diarrhea presents as watery diarrhea (sometimes associated with vomiting) in association with a low-grade fever
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Combination of Sparfloxacin and Terfenadine can cause:
Drugs that prolong Q-T interval : CLASSIFICATION DRUGS 1. Antiarrhythmics Quinidine, Procainamide, Disopyramide, Propafenone, Amiodarone 2. Antimalarials Quinine, Mefloquine, Aemisinin, Halofantrine 3. Antibacterials Sparfloxacin, Moxifloxacin 4. Antihistaminics Terfenadine, Astemizole, Ebastine 5. Antidepressants Amit...
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All of the following are absoulate indications for intubation except -
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Maxillofacial fractures o Basic indications for emergency endotracheal intubation1. Airway blockage# Life-threatening airway obstruction may occur when a foreign bodybecomes lodged in the airway; this is especially common in infants and toddlers.# Severe blunt or penetrating injury to the face or neck...
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Swimming pool granuloma is caused by: March 2010
Ans. C: Mycobacterium marinum Aquarium granuloma/ Fishtank granuloma/swimming pool granuloma results when water containing an infectious organism, Mycobacterium marinum, enters a break in the skin. A localized infection called a granuloma results after about 3 weeks. The person usually has a history of exposure to swim...
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True about Epidural anesthesia:
B i.e. C/I in coagulopathies Epidural anaesthesia is given in epidural spaceQ (extending from foramen magnum to sacral hiatus) not in subarachnoid spaceQ (which is used for intrathecal - spinal anesthesia). In comparison to spinal anesthesia, the volume of drug given is larger, onset on effect is delayed (5-20 min) and...
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Which drug is not used for acute bronchial asthma ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Salmeterol Bambuterol is a prodrug of terbutaline. It is slowly hydrolysed by pseudocholineterase. Sho acting 132-agonists produce bronchodilatation within 5 min and action lasts for 2-6 hrs --> are used to abo and terminate acute asthma, but are not suitable for prophylaxis. Salmeterol is delayed act...
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Regulation of coronary circulation is?
The caliber of the coronary vessels, and consequently the rate of coronary blood flow, is influenced not only by pressure changes in the aoa but also by chemical and neural factors. The coronary circulation shows considerable autoregulation.Ref: Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology Twenty-Third Edition Page No: 579
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In testicular tumours
(Maldescent of testis leads to malignancy) (1411-LB) (1385-B & L 25th)Tumours of the Testes* About 99% of testicular neoplasm are malignant and although they make up only about 1 -2% of malignant tumours (MC tumours in young males)* **Maldescent undoubtedly predisposes to malignancy.* Tumours of testis = Seminoma (40%)...
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Which of the following changes in pregnancy needs fuher evaluation ?
Atrial and ventricular premature contractions ,15deg Left Axis Detion and mild ST changes in inferior leads are considered normal during pregnancy. Criteria for diagnosing Hea Disease in Pregnancy (Finding Suggestive of Hea Disease in Pregnancy). Symptoms: Progressive dyspnea or ohopnea. Nocturnal cough Hemoptysis Sync...
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The following is not true of candida albicans -
Candida (GPOBYC) is yeast like fungi. Chlamydospores are typically produced by C. albicans on cornmeal agar at 25degC, but not by other Candida species. C. albicans can cause meningitis in immunocompromised patients. Blastomere - seen in Hookworm egg
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The most serious alkali burns of the eye are produced by
CHEMICAL INJURIES Alkali burns: Alkali burns are among the most severe chemical injuries known to the ophthalmologists. Common alkalies responsible for burns are: lime, caustic potash or caustic soda and liquid ammonia (most harmful). Clinical picture: It can be divided into three stages: 1. Stage of acute ischaemic ne...
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What is the Iron and Folic acid requirement of 6 months to 10 year old children?
As per Rajiv Gandhi scheme for empowerment of adolescent girls (SABLA) Children between 6 months to 60 months should be given 20 mg elemental iron and 100 microgram folic acid per day per child. The tablets for mothers contain 60 mg elemental iron and 500 microgram folic acid and those for children contain 20 mg iron a...
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Best prognosis in CA GB is seen in
Histological types in gallbladder Carcinoma Diffuse infiltrative :MC type Nodular or mass forming Papillary : Exhibits polypoid or cauliflower appearance and have best prognosis Adenocarcinoma : MC histological subtype of CA GB Ref: Sabiston 20th edition Pgno :1512-1514
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Hereditary angioneurotic edema is due to ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Deficiency of C1 inhibitor Hereditary angioneurotic edema is due to C1inhibitor (Ci esterase inhibitor) deficiency.
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Traveller's diarrhea is caused by:
Ans. (c) ETECRef: Microbiology by Atianthanarayan and Paniker 8th Ed. / 276 & 277* Hemoltic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a type 3 hypersensitivity reaction associated with small vessel vasculitis.* Organisms causing HUS is E.Coli (particularly EHEC) and shigella dysentriae.
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Investigation of choice for myasthenia gravis?
Ans. (a) Single Fiber E.M.GRef: Harrison 19th ed. / 442e-6* Single fiber E.M.G is the investigation of choice for myasthenia gravis and shows a decremental response* Anti-acetylcholine receptor blocking antibody TITER is the most specific test for diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. Also remember that Tensilon test is a sc...
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Treatment of choice for 3rd degree hemorrhoids is: September 2007
Ans. C: Hemorrhoidectomy External hemorrhoids develop around the rim of the anus. External hemorrhoids cause most of the symptoms associated with hemorrhoids (pain, burning, and itching) because the skin around them is very sensitive. If an external hemorrhoid becomes strangulated, a clot can form in it and become an e...
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Which of the following can replace N2O as O2 carrier
Xenon has a very low blood-gas solubility coefficient (0.115) and produces rapid induction of and emergence from anesthesia. Xe is not teratogenic, does not undergo biotransformation, and exes anesthetic and analgesic effects under normal atmospheric pressure conditions (1.0 MAC = 71%). Xe is derived from a paicle deca...
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A male 45 years old wants his missing teeth to be replaced. Intraoral examination reveals Kennedy class 4 edentulous maxillary arch. Impression is made with fast setting alginate. The setting time of the material is :
A slight modification in the W/P ratio or the mixing time can have marked effects on two important properties of the gel, tear  strength,  and  elasticity;  thus, the setting time is best regulated by the  amount of retarder added during  the  manufacturing  process.  Usually,  the  manufacturers  make both fast-settin...
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Golden color amniotic fluid is seen in :
Abnormal colors of amniotic fluid : Green : Meconium stained Golden yellow : Rh incompatibility Saffron(greenish yellow) : Postmaturity Dark brown(tobacco juic : IUD Dark colored : concealed accidental hemorrhage Reference: Dutta Textbook of Obstetrics 7th edition page 38
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All are oncogenic viruses except:
Ans: C (Human Metapneumovirus) Ref: Robbins and Cotran 'Pathologic Basis of Disease 8th Edition. Elsevier. 201. Pg 313.Explanation:Oncogenic RNA VirusesHuman T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 - T-cell leukemia/lymphomaHepatitis C Virus - Hepatocellular Carcinoma Oncogenic DNA VirusesHuman Papillomavirus.Types 1. 2. 4 & 7 - ...
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All of the following are Bipolar disorders except
Even a single episode of Mania alone is considered as bipolar disorder. Hence option 4 is false.
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Which of the following is not a primary failure of malnutrition treatment?
Failure to gain 5 gm/Kg/day for 3 consecutive days during rehabilitation is secondary failure of malnutrition treatment. Inpatient cases: Primary failure Secondary failure Failure to regain appetite by day 4 Failure to sta losing edema by day 4 Presence of edema on day 10 Failure to gain atleast 5g/Kg/day by day 10 Fai...
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The inability to perceive the texture & shape an object occurs in lesion of:
D i.e. Nucleus cuneatus The middle pa of cuneate nucleus, the pars rotunds which receives impulses from digits, palm, dorsum of hand & forearm is specific for stereognosisQ.
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True about "Michaelis-Guttman" bodies?
Ans. d (All of the above) (Ref. Robbin's pathology 7th/ 1027).MALAKOPLAKIA#It is a rare chronic inflammatory process that most often affects the bladder but can involve the GIT.#It is diagnosed endoscopically, often as an incidental finding, and may appear as a mucosal plaque, a polypoid lesion, or even a stricture. Th...
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Which is/are not transpo protein (s):
B i.e. CollagenAlbumin, ceruloplasmin, transferrinn and hemoglobin are transpo proteins whereas collagen is a structural protein.
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man with pain in defecation, no gastrointestinal symptoms, clustered ulcers extending into anal canal. Diagnosis-
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Herpes genitalis Herpes genitalis is a sexually transmitted disease, characterized by appearance of multiple painful vesicles in clusteres in genital area which later on may ulcerate. These small ulcers may combine to form a large ulcer. First attack of this in infection may be associated with flu lik...
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Insipisation is used to sterilise?
Media such as Lowenstein-Jensen and Loeffler serum are rendered sterile by heating at 80-85degC for half an hour on three successive days in an inspissator REF:Ananthanarayan & paniker's textbook of Microbiology 9th edition page no 30
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A 50-year-old female is admitted to the hospital after a traumatic injury of the abdomen. NCCT examination reveals the lesion. An emergency procedure is performed. Which of the following peritoneal structures must be carefully manipulated to prevent intraperitoneal bleeding?
CT shows a subcapsular hematoma with a splenic laceration extending from the capsule to the hilum with an intraparenchymal hematoma Leinorenal ligament, also known as the Splenorenal ligament contains: tail of the pancreas splenic aery splenic vein Hence it is needed to be manipulated carefully to prevent bleeding. Gas...
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Specific test for gout is:
B i.e. Raised uric acid in synol fluid of joint - Gout is a metabolic disorder of purine catabolismQ, and characterized by high level of uric acid in the blood . Uric acid is end product of purine catabolismQ - Pyrimidine nucleotide unlike purine rings can be opened & degraded to highly water soluble structure like, p-...
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Colonoscopy was done for a patient who was suffering from recurrent episodes of abdominal pain and low volume diarrhea since six months. Colonoscopy showed many areas of mucosal edema and ulceration and some areas appeared normal. Microscopy of biopsy specimen from an ulcerated ared showed patchy acute and chronic inf...
Skip lesions are very characteristic of crohns disease. Generally, Crypt abscesses are more typical of ulcerative colitis, and granulomas are typical of crohn disease, but these  are not very common.
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First product of tryptophan catabolism is:
Ans. (a) KynerunineRef: Harper's Biochemistry, 30th ed. pg. 306-307* Tryptophan is degraded to amphibolic intermediates via the kynurenine-anthranilate pathway. Tryptophan oxygenase (tryptophan pyrrolase) opens the indole ring, incorporates molecular oxygen, and forms N-formyl kynurenine.* Hydrolytic removal of the for...
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Delta waves in EEG are 'seen in :
A i.e. Deep sleep
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The highest percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids is present in:
Fatty acid content of different fats (%): Fats SFA* MUFA* PUFA* Coconut oil 92 6 2 Safflower oil 9 13 75 - highest amount Sunflower seed oil 12 22 62 Soya bean oil 14 24 53 Groundnut oil 19 41 32 Palm oil 39 46 11 Butter 68 29 2 (*SFA: Saturated Fatty Acids; MUFA: Mono-unsaturated Fatty Acids; PUFA: Poly-unsaturated Fa...
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A cohort study is performed involving healthy adult men and women born 20 years ago. They are followed to assess the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Multiple laboratory tests are performed yearly during this study. An increase in which of the following is most likely to indicate the greatest rel...
CRP is an acute-phase reactant that increases in response to inflammation. It causes endothelial cell activation, promotes thrombosis, and increases leukocyte adhesiveness in developing atheroma. Because atherogenesis is partly an inflammatory process, CRP is an independent predictor of cardiovascular risk. PR3 is one ...
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Occurrence of ovulation is indicated by :
All of the above
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Cytochrome oxidase contains the following metal ion for transfer of four electrons from cytochrome c to O2:
Reduced cytochrome c is oxidized by Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase), with the concomitant reduction of O2 to two molecules of water. This transfer of four electrons from cytochrome c to O2 involves two heme groups, a and a3, and Cu. Electrons are passed initially to a Cu center (CuA), which contains 2Cu atoms linked ...
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Increased nuchal fold thickness is a feature of :
Answer is C (Down's Syndrome) : Ultrasonography in a case of Down's syndrome Q may reveal increased nuchal fold thicknessY (Note that this is also a .feature of Turner's Syndrome.Q
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Blue Sclera is associated with: March 2009
Ans. D: All of the above Causes of blue Sclera: Pseudoxanthoma elasticum Osteogenesis imperfecta Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Marf an's syndrome Alkaptonuria Hypophosphatasia Juvenile paget's disease Normal in newborns Van der Hoeve's syndrome
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The most common lesion of a mature placenta with no much clinical significance is:
Chorionic villi receive oxygen solely from maternal circulation through the uteroplacental vessels, which jet blood into the intervillous space. Uteroplacental diseases that diminish or obstruct this connection can lead to villous infarction. Although these are common lesions in mature placentas, if they are numerous, ...
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Killian's dehisense is seen in:
It is the area of weakness between the two pas of inferior constrictor muscle-subthyropharyngeus and cricopharyngeus. Since it is an area of weakness it is one of the sites of esophageal perforation duting instrumentation and scopy-hence also called gateway of tears. It is lined by stratified squamous epithelium. Ref D...
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Side effects of Oxygen therapy are all except
Absorption atelactasis, decreased vital capacity and endothelial damage are the side effects of the oxygen therapy
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PKU is due to deficiency of which enzyme:
Ans. (b) Phenylalanine hydroxylaseRef: Harrisons, 19th ed. pg. 434e1* PKU is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by an increased concentration of phenylalanine and its byproducts in body fluids and by severe mental retardation if untreated in infancy.* It results from reduced activity of phenylalanine hydroxy...
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Halban's disease is due to:
Halban's disease: • Rare, self-limiting process. • Also called irregular shedding. • It is due to persistent corpus luteum due to incomplete withdrawl of LH even on 26 day of cycle. The CL continues to secret progesterone • Menstruation comes on time, is prolonged but not heavy. Slight bleeding continues intermittentl...
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