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Hypeonic urine is excreted due to absorption of water in:
A i.e. Collecting DuctOsmolality of urine depends on the action of vasopressin on the collecting ductsQ. Alteration in water metabolism by vasopressinUrine isotonic to plasmaGFR (ml/min)% of filteredwaterreabsorbedUrine volume(L/d)Urine concentration(mosm /kg H20)Gain /Loss of water inexcess of solute (L/d)12598.72.429...
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Impotent female is having -
Ref: Synopsis of Forensic medicine and Toxicology (Dr.K.S.Narayana Reddy) Pg 200 In females impotence is of an active nature , leading to vaganismus . vaginisumus is a spasmodic contraction of vagina due to hyperesthesia .it's a classical example of psychosomatic illness .anatomically, it may affect the perineal muscle...
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Which among the following causes Malta fever?
Brucellosis, also called Bang's disease, Crimean fever, Gibraltar fever, Malta fever, Maltese fever, Mediterranean fever, rock fever, or undulant fever. The infection is transmitted from animals to humans. Brucella abous (cattle), B suis (hogs), and B melitensis (goats) are the main agents. Transmission to humans occur...
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Rupture of the carotid artery in the neck region. Which of the following site pressure is applied
D. i.e. (C6 - vertebra ) (444 - Grey 14th)The bifurcation of the common carotid artery in to the internal and external carotid arteries can be palpated just beneath the anterior border of sterno cleidomastoid muscle at the level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage. This is a convenient site to take the caro...
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Daily maintanence fluid for a child weighing 10 kg is:
Ref: Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th Edition.Explanation:The Holliday-Segar MethodIn the Holliday-Segar Method, fluid and electrolyte requirements are empirically based on the caloric needs of the average hospital patient.The same formula is used for calculating calorie requirement as well as fluid requirementRel...
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Soft markers on ultrasonography are helpful in diagnosing?
Ans. is'b'i.e., Chromosomal anomaliesAntenatal soft ultrasound markers are fetal sonographic findings that are generally not abnormalities as such but are indicative of an increased age adjusted risk of an underlying fetal aneuploidic or some non chromosomal abnormalities.
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Baby born to DM have following except :
Ans. is a i.e. Hypercalcemia Neonatal complications of Maternal diabetes : Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) Hypoglycaemiadeg Hypocalcemiadeg Hypomagnesemia Polycythemia Hyperbilirubinaemia Hyperviscosity syndrome Hyperophic cardiomyopathy Bih trauma - Erb's and Klumpke's paralysis and fractures of the clavicle and h...
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Oblitration of left cardiac shadow on PA view is due to:
A i.e. Lingular lesion
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There is spontaneous rupture of the Achilles tendon in an 18 year old male. It is most likely to be due to excess stress beyond -
ACHILLES TENDON RUPTURE: A ripping or popping sensation is felt, and often heard, at the back of the heel. This most commonly occurs in spos requiring an explosive push-off: squash, badminton, football, tennis, netball. The patient will often repo having looked round to see who had hit them over the back of the heel, t...
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A 10 month of child weighing 8kg has bitot spots in both eyes. Which of the following is the most appropriate schedule to prescribed vitamin A to this child -
Vitamin A deficiency treatment: Vitamin A on days 1,2 and 14 each Age >12 months - 200,000 IU Age 6-12 months - 100,000 IU for age 0-5 months - 50,000 IU Ref: Guidelines for the inpatient treatment of severely malnourished children, WHO Pgno : 23
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All of the following drugs alter calcium hemostasis except-
drugs or Non hormonal substances altering calcium hemostasis are Calcium preparations Flouride Thiazides Bisphosphonates Vit D or Calcitriol Some antibiotics like mithramycin Ref - Harrisons internal medicine 20e p2945-2946 2911-12
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Which of the following is NOT an adverse effect of cyclosporine?
(Ref: KDT 6/e p840) Cyclosporine causes hyper and not hypoglycemia
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Epithelium of cornea is
A. i.e. Stratified Squamous non Keratinizing
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Ligamentum teres is:
After bih, the left umbilical vein are obliterated and forms the ligamentum teres hepatisLigamentum teresIt is the obliterated fibrous remnant of the left umbilical vein of the fetus.It originates at the umbilicus.It passes superiorly in the free margin of the falciform ligament.From the inferior margin of the liver, i...
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Structures passing through obturator foramen are all except -
Through the canal the obturator aery, obturator vein and obturator nerve pass out of the pelvis.
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The Earliest sign of male pubey is
In boys, the first visible sign of pubey and hallmark of SMR2 is testicular enlargement, beginning as early as 9 1/2 years. This is followed by penile growth during SMR3. Peak growth occurs when testis volumes reach approximately 9-10 cm3 during SMR4. Under the influence of LH and testosterone, and prostate enlarges. T...
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Mechanism of action of Tetanospasmin:-
Mechanism of action of Tetanospasmin is Inhibition of GABA release. C. tetani produces:- Tetanolysin:heat labile, oxygen labile hemolysin. It plays no role in the pathogenesis. Tetanospasmin or tetanus toxin (TT) : neurotoxin responsible for the pathogenesis of tetanus: - It is oxygen stable but heat labile; coded by p...
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Characteristic radiological feature of fibrous dysplasia-
Fibrous Dysplasia (FD) Asymptomatic, self-limiting developmental regional alteration of bone in which the normal architecture is replaced by fibrous tissue and nonfunctional trabeculae-like osseous tissue. It is self-limiting (thus it is not a true neoplasm) * Represents a group of disorders with variety of clinical pa...
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A 9-year-old girl presents for evaluation of regular vaginal bleeding. History reveals the thelarche at the age of 7 years and adrenarche at the age of 8 years. The most common cause of this condition in girls is:
Pubeal changes before the age of 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys are considered as Precocious pubey Most common cause of precocious pubey in girls - Idiopathic Others causes: Congenital lesions of the hypothalamus-pituitary Acquired lesions--trauma, infection, neoplasm-- tuberculosis (TB) meningitis in childhood P...
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Frameshift mutation occurs due to:
A frameshift mutation is caused by a deletion or inseion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read.
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Not controlled directly by ACTH-
Ans. is 'D' i.e., Epinephrine o The question is very simple. o Adrenocorticotropin hormone ( ACTH), as the name indicates, stimulate adrenal cortex. o Epinephrine is secreted by adrenal medulla other three hormones (given in question) are secreted by adrenl cortex, o ACTH has its main and most important effect on secre...
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True about berry-aneurysm is following except ?
Answer is 'c' i.e. Wall contains smooth muscle fibroblasts The wall of Berry aneurysm is made up of thickened hyalinized intima. The adventitia covering the sac is continuous with that of the parent aery. Berry aneurysm (or Saccular or congenital aneurysm) Are the most common type of intracranial aneurysm (other rarer ...
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Earliest clinical indicator of sodium loss is
Ans. a (Altered sensorium) (Ref. Harrison's - 18th/pg. Ch. 45).Hyponatremia may be due to water excess, diabetes, lipidemia etc. Drugs known to release ADH will cause dilutional hyponatremia include morphine, tricyclics, nicotine, NSAIDs, etc. The individual present with confusion, anorexia, lethargy and cramps. When s...
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Feature(s) of Allergic conjunctivitis is/are all except:
Ans: D (UsuaIly..) SIMPLE ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITISIt is a mild, non-specific allergic conjunctivitis characterized by itching, hyperaemia and mild papillary response. Basically, it is an acute or subacute urticarial reaction.EtiologyIt is seen in following forms:Hay fever conjunctivitis. It is commonly associated with h...
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The combination of alcohol and disulfiram results in nausea and hypotension as a result of accumulation of:
Disulfiram is an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor that can be used for de-addiction of chronic alcoholics. Due to inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase, there is accumulation of acetaldehyde that leads to several distressing symptoms (which strengthens the resolution of a person to quit alcohol).
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Lymph node biopsy of an AIDS patient shows: March 2009
Ans. D: All of the above Histopathology of HIV Florid reactive hyperplasia-may be: - Collections of monocytoid B cells in sinuses - Neutrophils - Features of dermatopathic lymphadenopathy Often reactive germinal centers show 'follicle lysis':i.e. invagination of mantle lymphocytes into germinal centers associated with:...
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In oesophageal ca which Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is used -
Sabiston writes-"Since its introduction in 1980, cisplatin has emerged as the cornerstone of combination therapy in esophageal cancer. As a single agent, it has a response rate of 25% to 30%. Given in combination with 5-fluorouracil, a response rate of 50% may be achieved, and this is an established chemotherapeutic re...
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Choriocarcinoma commonly metastasize to: a.Brain b. Lung c. Vagina d. Ovary e. Cervix
Most common sites of metastases in choriocarcinoma are: Lung (80%) > Vagina (30%) > Pelvis (20%) > Liver (10%) and Brain (10%)
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In burns least useful is
We know that Ringer's lactate is the preferred agent during initial 24 hrs. Nasogastric intubation is done to decrease the risk of emesis and possible aspiration (as parlytic ileus develops in a pt. with significant burn) Dextran is a colloid and can be used in 2nd 24 hrs., however albumin is the preferred and most wid...
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Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency is associated with-
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Panacinar-emphysema Pathogenesis of Emphysemao The most accepted theory in the pathogenesis of emphysema is protease - antiprotease mechanism which is responsible in the pathogenesis of two common forms of emphysema, i.e. centriacinar and panacinar.o The alveolar wall destruction results from an imbal...
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Sternocleidomastoid is supplied by all of the following aeries, EXCEPT?
The Sternocleidomastoid muscle flap is used in reconstructive surgery of the neck. The exact knowledge of its blood supply helps to minimize the risk of flap necrosis after transposition.Blood supply of Sternocleidomastoid: Upper third - supplied by branches of the occipital aery. Middle third - supplied by a branch of...
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Stereognosis will be lost in the lesion of:
Stereognosis is the ability to identify an object by its touch, texture. The object is placed in hands and is identified without seeing it. Fine touch sensation from the upper limb is carried toward coex in fasciculus cuneatus. The tract also carries the finer aspects of touch. Perception of touch occurs in the somatos...
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Lateral boundary of cubital fossa is formed by:
Brachioradialis Boundaries of cubital fossa- Laterally - Medial border of brachioradialis. Medially - Lateral border of pronator teres. Base - It is directed upwards, and is represented by an imaginary line joining the front of two epicondyles of the humerus. Apex - It is directed downwards, and is formed by the area w...
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Second gas effect is seen with -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Nitrous oxide Second gas effecto If another inhalation agent is (eg Halothane) is being given at the same time with N2O2 it also will be delivered to lung from the cylinder (due to negative intraalveolar pressure).Also Remembero Concentration effect and secondary gas effect - during inductiono Diffusi...
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Example of electrical synapse:
(Refer: Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 24th edition, pg no: 43-44) Intercellular junctions Connects the cell membranes of the neighboring cells also known as junctional complexes
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All are medically important streptococci except -
STREPTOCOCCI Streptococci are gram-positive, nonmotile, non-spore-forming, catalase & oxidase negative medically important bacteria. Many organisms of streptococcus genus cause human diseases.
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True about meningiomas-
Meningiomas are predominantly benign tumors that arise from arachnoid meningothelial cells. They usually occur in adults and are often attached to the dura. Meningiomas may be found along any of the external surfaces of the brain as well as within the ventricular system, where they arise from the stromal arachnoid cell...
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A 52-year-old alcoholic notices a skin rash on his chest, and also has symptoms of diarrhea and abdominal pain. On examination, he has a scaly and pigmented rash on the sun-exposed areas of his skin, the abdomen is soft, and his short-term memory is impaired. He has dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia syndrome.For the p...
Diarrhea, dementia, and dermatitis are the classic triad for pellagra (niacin deficiency). The diagnosis is based on clinical suspicion and response to therapy, and can be confirmed by demonstrating low levels of the urinary metabolites 2-methylnicotinamide and 2-pyridone. Small doses of niacin (10 mg/day) with adequat...
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A 19-year-old man presents to the clinic complaining of early fatigue and muscle cramps while playing sports. He is fine when walking or doing less intense levels of work. On physical examination, he appears well and the vital signs are normal. Muscle bulk, tone and strength in the proximal muscles are normal. There is...
There are many types of glycogen storage diseases, each caused by a different enzymatic abnormality. The best-known types of glycogen storage disease are those that have hepatic hypoglycemic pathophysiology (eg, von Gierke disease) or those that have muscle energy pathophysiology (McArdle disease). InMcArdle' symptoms ...
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A 36-year-old lady presents with a 20 yrs duration fluctuant and translucent swelling on right side of her neck. No other history available. No other findings on examination of neck. What is the most probable diagnosis?
The only swelling among the 4 options which will show translucency is Lymph cyst.
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Tumorogenesis in aging is due to -
After a fixed number of divisions, normal cells becomes arrested in a terminally nondividing state. How does the normal cells count their divisions i.e. How, do the cells find out that now they do'nt need to divide further. Cells achieve this through telomer shortening Telomers are short repeated sequences of DNA pr...
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All are true regarding typhoid ulcer EXCEPT: September 2012
C i.e. Stricture is common and causes obstruction Typhoid ulcers Longitudinal, Ulceration of Peyer's patches, Stricture is rare
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The lesion listed below that would most likely pursue a benign course is :-
Adenomyosis is a benign condition characterised by the presence of benign endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium, Common cause of diffuse uterine enlargement and menstrual irregularities. Vaginal adenosis is a DES-related precursor lesion for clear cell adenocarcinoma. Extrammary paget's disease is an intr...
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Canakinumab is a monoclonal antibody against:
Canakinumab and Anakinra are IL-1 inhibitors used in the treatment of gout.
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Minimum amount of GI bleed to cause malena is
Melaena refers to the passage of typical black, tarry coloured foul smelling stool. It signifies upper GI bleed. At least 50-60 ml bleeding should be there to cause melaena. Reference : page 834 SRB's manual of surgery 5th edition
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Sympathetic innervation of heart is by -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., T1- T5 * Parasympathetic supply to heart - Vagus.* ympathetic supply to heart - T1- T5Innervation of Heart* Innervations of heart are :-A) Sympathetic innervation of heart:# All parts of the heart (SA node, atria, AV node and ventricles) recieve sympathetic innervations.# The sympathetic innervation o...
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All of the following can induce methemoglobinemia EXCEPT:
Drugs that may cause Methemoglobinemia includes- nitrates derivatives (nitrates salt, nitroglycerin), nitrites derivatives (nitroprusside, amyl nitrite, nitric oxide), sulfonamides, dapsone, phenacetin, phenazopyridine, local anesthetics such as prilocaine, topical anesthetics such as Emla cream, benzocaine etc Essenti...
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Kamli Rani, 75-years -old woman present with post myocardial infarction after 6 weeks mild CHF. There was past H/O neck surgery for parathyroid adenoma 5 years ago, ECG shows slow atrial fibrillation. Serum Ca2+ 13.0 mg/L and urinary Ca2+ is 300 mg/24 hr. On examination there is small mass in the Para tracheal position...
Patient is a case of recurrent hyperparathyroidism, as she was operated previously for parathyroid adenoma. In the setting of recent myocardial infarction, CHF and atrial fibrillation, any operation carries a high risk. Ultrasound-guided alcohol injection in the mass is preferred in this setting.
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All are true for transplanted kidney except
Answer- D. HLA identity similarity seen in 1:100 peopleWithin any paicular family, sibling's have a 7:4 chance of being HLA identical. In contrast among unrelatedpeople, the probabilities of HLA identity in several thousand depending upon phenotype involved' It is due to the fact thatHLA complex is inherited intact as ...
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Non-coding RNAs are
A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a functional RNA molecule that is transcribed from DNA but not translated into proteins. Epigenetic related ncRNAs include miRNA, siRNA, piRNA, and lncRNA. In general, ncRNAs function to regulate gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level.
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'Brush burns' are synonymous with
Ans. a (Graze abrasion) (Ref. Reddy FMT 23rd ed. 145)ABRASIONS (GRAZES, SCRATCHES, BRUSH BURNS)# Loss/crushing of outer skin layer due to impact with a rough surface- Tangential impact produces a moving abrasion:* Indicates direction.* Trace material (e.g., grit).- Direct impact produces an imprint abrasion:* Pattern o...
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Cervical cone biopsy in a case of carcinoma cervix causes all, except :
Ans. is d i.e. Spread of malignancy Complications of Cone biopsy are : Hemorrhagedeg Sepsis (infection)deg Cervical stenosisdeg Pregnancy complications which include : Mid trimester aboionsdeg Preterm labourdeg -- Cervical dystociadeg Also Know : Cone biopsy should be done under general anaesthesia. The cone should inc...
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A 57-year-old man arrives at the emergency room complaining of weakness, fatigue, and intermittent fever that has recurred for several weeks. The patient had a cardiac valvular prosthesis implanted 5 years ago. Blood cultures grew ceain gram-positive cocci on which catalase and coagulase test were done. The gram-positi...
Physical examination reveals petechiae (pinpoint, nonraised, purplish red spots caused by intradermal hemorrhage) on the chest and stomach. Catalase-positive and coagulase negative The patient is probably suffering from bacterial endocarditis caused by S. epidermidis infection of the prosthetic hea valve. S. epidermidi...
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A patient aged 63 years, is diagnosed to have severe aplastic anemia. HLA compatible sibling is available. The best option of treatment is :
Answer is A (Antithymocyte globulin followed by cyclosporine) Tor adults over age 50 years or those without HLA matched siblings, the treatment of choice for severe Aplastic anemia is immunosupression with antithymocyte globulin (A TG) plus Cvclosporine'
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Cobblestone appearance is seen in
Cobblestone appearance is severe papillary hyperplasia in upper palpebral conjunctiva Refer: Khurana 6th edition page number 73
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Not a molecular motor:
Motor proteins: Molecular motors include the proteins: myosin kinesin dynein They move along a track- microtubules or microfilaments - and pull larger structures such as vesicles, fibers, or paicles. Such movement can be used for intracellular transpo or movement of the cell's entire framework.
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True about anaplastic thyroid carcinoma:a) Common in elderlyb) Well encapsulatedc) Will not invade surrounding structuresd) Distant metastasis commone) Some degree of differentiation to Papillary and Follicular types seen
About option 'e' Schwartz writes: "On gross inspection, anaplastic tumors are firm and whitish in appearance. Microscopically, sheets of cells with marked heterogeneity are seen. Cells may be spindle-shaped, polygonal, or large, multinucleated cells. Foci of more differentiated thyroid tumors, either follicular or papi...
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Recommended Dietary allowance in pregnancy are -
Requirements in pregnancy Pregnancy Proteins +23 g/day Calcium 1200 mg/day Iron 35 mg/day Vitamin A 800mcg/day Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 674
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Which of the following is not a feature of chronic tonsillitis?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Fever(ref Dhingra 6h/e p. 258]Fever is a symptom in case of acute tonsillitis, not chronic tonsillitis.Chronic tonsillitis is characterized by:- Recurrent attacks of sore throat or acute tonsillitis.
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Which of the following muscle relaxants causes maximal pain on injection –
Pain during injection is an important and common feature of Rocuronium Injection.
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Steroids are indicated in all of the following forms of tuberculosis except:
Steroids are contraindicated in intestinal tuberculosis because silent perforation can occur. (REF.Essential of medical pharmacology K D TRIPATHI 6 Edition, Page No - 778)
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Which of the following is false about viral thyroditis?
Viral thyroditis has initial hyperthroid state due to release of harmones due to gland destruction.
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Expansible pulsating secondary metastasis is a feature of
B i.e. Renal Cell carcinoma
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Most common cause of bleeding for massive hemothorax in blunt trauma to chest is from
Answer- A. Intercostal vesselsThe most common cause of massive haemothorax in blunt injury to chest is continuing bleeding from torn intercostal vexels or occasionallyfrom the internal mammary aety.
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The main clinical significance of sliding type hiatus hernia is:
Four types of hiatus hernia are present. Type I, or sliding hiatal hernia comprising at least 95% of total. Pathology is the weakening of the phrenoesophageal ligament attaching the gastroesophageal junction to the diaphragm at the hiatus. Incidence of sliding hernias increases with Age and conceptually, results from w...
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The fascia of Denonvilliers -
The posterior surface of prostate is separated from the rectum by the fascia of Denonvilliers which is the obliterated rectovesical pouch of the peritoneum.
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How many items are there in Mini mental state examination (MMSE)?
Ans.D.30ExplanationMMSE or Folstein test is a simplified form of routine cognitive status examination. It is routinely used to track improvement and deterioration. It includes following points:Orientation to time-5Orientation to place-5Registration-3Attention and calculation-5Recall-3Language-2Repetition-1Complex comma...
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According to Lecompte (1987), the following are the recommendations for topical application of high potency fluoride products EXCEPT-
According to Lecompte (1987), the following are  the  recommendations  for topical application  of  high  potency  fluoride products:  1. No  more than 2 g of gel per tray or approximately  40  %  of tray capacity should  be  dispensed.  Even  more conservative  amounts  should  be considered for small children.  2. Be...
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Ion required for exocytosis is -
(C) (Calcium) (4.8 Ganong 24th edition, 18 A.K. Jain 5th)Exocytosis is the Ca^ dependant process.Exocytosis: here-substances secreted by the cell are trapped within vesicles or granules which fuse with the cell membrane and release their contents to the ECF. This leaves the contents of the vesicles or granules outside ...
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Essential radiological feature of acute mastoiditis is:
(b) Clouding of air cells of mastoid(Ref. Cummings, 6th ed., 2161)X-ray mastoid and CT scan shows clouding of air cells because of the collection of exudates in them. Later on mastoid pneumatisation is lost and a single mastoid cavity may be seen.
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All the following are features of Wilson's disease except:
Answer is B (Increased Ceruloplasmin) In Wilson's disease, Ceruloplasmin levels are decreased (not increased). In Wilson's disease excess Cu saturates liver and spills in the plasma thereby decreasing ceruloplasinin levels.
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Pelvic exentration is known as ?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Brunschwig's operation
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What is the latest reference to body length in ICD-10 to call it perinatal moality rate?
parks textbook of preventive and social medicine 23rd edition * ninth revision of international classification of diseases (ICD) added that :(1) babies choosen for inclusion in perinatal statistics should be tjose above a minimum bih weight ie1000g at bih. (2)if bihweight is not available ,a gestational period of atlea...
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Palpatory thud audible slap is seen in:
A foreign body in trachea may move up and down the trachea between the carnia and the undersurface of vocal cords causing "audible slap" and "palpatory thud."
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Pseudogestational sac is seen in
The gestational sac --an anechoic fluid collection that represents the exocoelomic cavity--may be seen by 4.5 weeks.A caveat is that a gestational sac may appear similar to other intrauterine fluid accumulations--the so-called pseudogestational sac. This pseudosac may be seen with ectopic pregnancy and is easier to exc...
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A 50 years old patient presented to the skin OPD with erythematous scaly plaques over trunk and extremities for last l0 years. Lesions are occasionally itchy. There is history of remission and relapse with exacerbation during winters. Most likely diagnosis is?
Ans: B. Psoriasis vulgaris(Ref: Neena Khanna 4'h/e p. 40-48; Roxburg lVh/e p. 128-42; Venkataram 1"'/e p. 491)Psoriasis (psoriasis vulgaris):Psoriasis is chronic dermatosis characterized by unpredictable course of remission and relapse and presence of well defined silvery white scaly papules and plaques on erythematous...
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Child with primary amenorrhoea with negative progesterone challenge test but positive combined progesterone and estrogen test. Diagnosis may be :
Ans. is d i.e. Prolactinoma This child is presenting with - Primary amenorrhea with : Negative progesterone challenge test - which rules out PCOD - (otherwise too, PCOD is a cause of secondary amenorrhea). When next step was done i.e., estrogen, progesterone combined test - It comes out to be positive i.e., compament I...
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The average whey/casein ratio in breast milk is:
a. 60:40(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 286-290, Ghai 8/e p 150-161)Human milk contains two types of proteins 60% is: whey and 40% is casein; helps in quick & easy digestion.
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All of the following agents act by intracellular receptors EXCEPT:
The insulin receptor is located at outer membrane Pg.no.261KD TRIPATHI SEVENTH EDITION
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Initial amino acid in prokaryotic protein synthesis ?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Formyl-methionine
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"Tear drop" sign on X-ray PNS is seen in
Ans. a (Blow out fracture of the floor of the orbit) (Ref. Grainger Diagnostic Rad 4th/2527; Ref . Q. 159. Of MH-2207)BLOW-OUT FRACTURE is caused by fracturing of the orbital walls with herniation of orbital contents and subsequent tethering of the globe, resulting in pain and diplopia. It usually involves the orbital ...
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Which classification is used to divide the liver into segments?
Ans. (a) Couinaud'sRef: Bailey and Love 26th edition page 1066* Couinaud divided the liver into multiple segments- 8 segments* He is a French Anatomist
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In a patient with compensated liver cirrhosis presented with history of variceal bleed. The treatment of choice in this patient is -
When a cirrhotic patient presents with upper GI bleed, the single most impoant diagnostic as well as therapeutic procedure to be performed is endoscopy (although after intravenous fluid resuscitation and correction of coagulation abnormalities) If varices are found they are treated by either Endoscopic variceal ligatio...
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During an emergency thoracotomy, the incision is made > 1cm lateral to the sternal margin. This will preserve which of the following structures?
In case of anterolateral thoracotomy, which is usually a transverse or a veical incision staing from fouh intercostal space, incision is made lateral to sternal in order to avoid injury to the adjacent vessels which include internal mammary aery. Superficial epigastric aery is the terminal branch of internal mammary ae...
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Causative organism of rheumatic fever -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Group A Streptococci Rheumatic fevero Rheumatic fever (RF) is an acute, inununologically mediated, multisystem inflammatory disease classically occurring a few weeks after an episode of group A streptococcal pharyngitis; occasionally, RF can follow streptococcal infections at other sites, such as the ...
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Kliiver-Bucy syndrome is associated with lesion in the following area of brain
(A) Amygdala # Kliiver-Bucy syndrome is a behavioral disorder that occurs when both the right and left medial temporal lobes of the brain malfunction. People with lesions in their temporal lobes show similar behaviors.> They may display oral or tactile exploratory behavior (socially inappropriate licking or touching); ...
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Surest sign of brain stem death
B i.e. Fixed dilated pupil not responding to light Cooling of body & rigor mois is a sign of molecular or cellular death. - Somatic (systemic, clinical or brain) death is cessation of spontaneous breathing, circulation and brain activity (as indicated by flat isoelectric EEG, deep unconsciousness with no response to ex...
3,186
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Stereoanesthesia is due to lesion ofa) Nucleus Gracilisb) Nucleus cuneatusc) Cerebral cortexd) Spinothalamic tract
Astereognosis/Stereoanaesthesia- Loss of ability to recognize size and shape of an object. Seen in- lesion of somatosensory cortex, lesion of tractus cuneatus, lesion of tractus gracilis. Somatosensory cortex lesion- proprioception and tactile sensations are lost while pain and temperature sensations are preserved. Tr...
3,187
medmcqa_train
A 70-years old male presented with asymptomatic white patch on oral cavity following application of the denture. Treatment of choice is
Leukoplakia regress spontaneously after stopping alcohol or tobacco consumption or correction of underlying cause
3,188
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Radiological hallmark of primary tuberculosis in childhood is-
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Lymph adenopathy Primary tuberculosis in childhoodo Primary' tuberculosis in childhood can present in 4 major ways in addition to the normal chest radiography. These are:LymphadenopathyLobar or segmental parenchymal diseasePleural effusionMilitary involvemento Lymphadenopathy with or without parenchym...
3,189
medmcqa_train
Positive shick's test indicates that person is ?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Susceptible to diphtheria Shick test . Shick test is no longer in use. It was used for the susceptibility of for diphtheria. . It was an intradermal test, in which after intradermal injections of diphtheria toxin in one forearm (usually left) and toxoid in other forearm two readings were taken one at ...
3,190
medmcqa_train
Dependency' ratio includes -
Ans. is 'a' i.e.. Less than 15 years Dependency ratiooThe proportion of persons above 65 years of age and children below 15 years of age are considered to be dependent on the economically productive age group {15-64 years).o The ratio of combined age group 0-14 years plus 65 years and above to the 15-65 years age group...
3,191
medmcqa_train
All the following are indications for termination of pregnancy in APH patient except:
Ans. is c, i.e. Transverse lieRef. Dutta Obs. 7/e, p 249In these questions, there is no confusion about any option except for 'lie of the fetus'.As far as lie is concerned:Friends, why would you terminate pregnancy just because of unstable lie or transverse lie, unless and until there is some other complication associa...
3,192
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An eight-month-old female infant presented with recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia, especially if time interval of feeding is increased. Dicarboxylic acid is present in the urine. Urine ketone bodies is negative. The child responded well to IV Glucose, less fat and more carbohydrate diet, frequent feeding. The child wa...
Ans. B. Lack of ATP to support gluconeogenesis* This is a case of MCAD deficiency.* Identifying features are:* Recurrent episodes of hypoglycaemia is time interval of feeding increased* Dicarboxylic acids in urine* Absence of ketone bodies in urine* Reasons for hypoglycemia are:* Due to MCAD deficiency, beta oxidation ...
3,193
medmcqa_train
Hypersensitivity vasculitis usually involve
Refer robbins 9/e p510, 8/e 515 Harrison 7/2128 Direct quote from Harrison 18th /2798; Postcapillary venules are most commonly involved vessels. Capillaries and aerioles are less frequent involved
3,194
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Amino acid absorption is by:
Ans. C. Active TransportFree amino acids are absorbed across the intestinal mucosa by sodium-dependent active transport. There are several different amino acid transporters, with specificity for the nature of the amino acid side-chain.Transporters of Amino AcidsFor Neutral Amino acidsFor Basic Amino acids and Cysteine....
3,195
medmcqa_train
Hyponatremia in multiple myeloma is -
• Patients with multiple myeloma also have a decreased anion gap because the M component is cationic, resulting in retention of chloride. • This is often accompanied by hyponatremia that is felt to be artificial (Pseudohyponatremia) because each volume of serum has less water as a result of the increased protein.
3,196
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Index case is the -
Ans. is 'd' i.e., First case defected by investigator [Ref: Park 22nd/e d. 92 & 21st/e p. 9/1o Primary caseo Index case--First case of communicable disease introduced into the population.First case to come to attention of the investigator.o It is not always necessary that primary case will be index case : -When the fir...
3,197
medmcqa_train
Gastrojejernostomy surgery belongs to
Clean contaminated surgery : Wound is exposed to not only skin but also GI tract / Respiratory tract / Urinary tract organism in controlled enviroment. Hence Gastrojejunostomy surjery belongs to this category.
3,198
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Hand and foot syndrome is due to ?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., 5 FU
3,199
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