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A 70yr old male has a pathological fracture of femur. The lesion appears a lytic on X- rays film with a circumscribed punched out appearance .The curetting from fracture site is most likely to show which of the following? | Olf patients along with lytic circumscribed punched our X- rays appearance suggests multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma most often presents as multifocal destructive bone tumours composed of plasma cells throughout the skeletal system.(ref Robbins 9/e p599,7/679) | 9,000 | medmcqa_train |
The positioning of the needle is TRUE regarding thoracocentesis in which of the following statements? | The needle should be kept close to the upper border of the rib to avoid injuring the intercostal vessels and nerve in the subcostal groove. Ref: Snell's Clinical Anatomy, 7th Edition, Page 61 | 9,001 | medmcqa_train |
Which is not true about Fragile X syndrome | Fragile X syndrome is associated with the loci Xq27.3 on the distal long arm of the X chromosome. In affected males, it is mainly characterized by mental retardation, macroorchidism, autistic behaviour, facial features like long face, large ears, prominent square jaw Pigmented naevi are not seen associated with fragile... | 9,002 | medmcqa_train |
A cervical Pap smear repo stating that "koilocytic atypia is present" indicates the:- | HPV infection of squamous cells Produces wrinkled nuclei surrounded by a clear halo. This is called koilocytosis. Whether it is indicative of a low or a high grade lesion in the cervix requires tissue documentation. This is usually obtained with a colposcopic biopsy. | 9,003 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following statements are true except? | Kupffer cells are modified macrophages in Liver. | 9,004 | medmcqa_train |
The term &;disease control&; employs all of the following except | Disease control - reducing the disease incidence to a level at which it is no longer a public health problem. Disease elimination - interruption of transmission of disease, reduction to zero of incidence and continued measures to prevent re-establishment. Disease eradication - permanent reduction to zero of the worldwi... | 9,005 | medmcqa_train |
Erythema nodosum is seen in A/E | A i.e. Salicylate poisioning | 9,006 | medmcqa_train |
Oxytocin causes all except - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Lactogenesis Impoant actions of oxvtocin are : Contraction of uterine smooth muscle (directly by acting on GPCR and indirectly by release of PG and LTs). Milk ejection by contraction of myepithelial cells surrounding mammary alveoli. At high concentration; anti-diuretic and vasopressor action can be s... | 9,007 | medmcqa_train |
One of the following is a definite sign of death due tob drowning : | D i.e. Diatoms in bone marrow | 9,008 | medmcqa_train |
Sweating is not present in: | Ans. c. Heat stroke (Ref: Reddy 33/e p319; Parikh 6/e p381)Sweating is not present in Heat stroke."Heat stroke (hyperpyrexia, sunstroke, systemic hyperthermia): This is attributed to an impaired functioning of the heat regulating mechanism caused by failure of cutaneous circulation and sweating. It is due to prolong ex... | 9,009 | medmcqa_train |
In Indoor air pollution, carbon monoxide is produced by | (All of the above) (593 - Park 19th) (642-Park 20th)Sources of Indoor air pollutantsPollutantSources* Respirable particle* Carbon monoxide* Nitrogen - dioxide* Sulphur dioxide* Formaldehyde* Ozone* Radon and daughters* Asbestos* Mineral fibresTobacco smoke, stove, Aerosol spraysCombustion equipment, stove, Gas heatersG... | 9,010 | medmcqa_train |
In the first step of Heme synthesis, what is required - | Two starting materials of heme synthesis are succinyl-CoA and glycine. Pyridoxal phosphate is also required. | 9,011 | medmcqa_train |
Nephrotic syndrome in children is caused by | NEPHROTIC SYNDROME:- Characterised by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemua and edema, hyperlipidemia is often associated. Some patients show hematuria and hypeension. Heavy proteinuria( more than 1g/metre square/day) is the underlying abnormality leading to hypoalbuminemia ( serum albumin below 2.5g/dl). The resultant ... | 9,012 | medmcqa_train |
Given three genera of mosquitoes (('ulex, Anopheles and Aedes) act as vectors for which of the following diseases world w ide - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Filariasis o Filariasis is transmitted by all four genera of mosquitoes including Anopheles, Aedes, Culex and Mansonoides. | 9,013 | medmcqa_train |
Chromosomal translocation characteristic in acute promyelocytic leukemia is: | In AML with the t(15;17),acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3 stage) ,auer rods present (most common stage associated with DIC) t(8,21) AML With maturation stage (M2 stage) t(16,16) associated with best prognosis. Presence of "FAGGOT CELLS" is a characterstic feature of AML M3 (acute promyelocytic leukemia) Faggot cells ar... | 9,014 | medmcqa_train |
All the following drugs are effective in t/t of ptyriasis versicolor except – | Griseofulvin is effective only against dermatophytes. It is ineffective against T. versicolor and candida. | 9,015 | medmcqa_train |
Euvolemic hyponatremia is seen in: | Ans. C. SIADHHypervolemic hyponatremia -- Both sodium & water content increase: Increase in sodium content leads to hypervolemia and water content to hyponatremia. Total body water and sodium are regulated independently* Cirrhosis of the liver* Congestive heart failure* Nephrotic syndrome in the kidneys* Massive edema ... | 9,016 | medmcqa_train |
A patient came to casualty for acute bronchial asthma after treatment for glaucoma. The probable drug may be | Timolol is a non selective Beta blocker and can precipitate acute attacks of asthma in a susceptible individual blockade of Beta 2 receptors. Betaxolol is a cardioselective Beta blocker and is less likely to cause this adverse side effect Refer kDT 6/e p 139 | 9,017 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following drug is not used in influenza? | Ans. D. AcyclovirOseltamivir is neuraminidase inhibitor which can be given for both influenzas A and B. Amantadine is drug which inhibit the uncoating of influenza A virus RNA. Ribavirin has a broad spectrum antiviral activity which inhibit the synthesis of viral RNA. Acyclovir mainly inhibit the viral DNA and its drug... | 9,018 | medmcqa_train |
Periphery of retina is best visualized with : | Indirect ophthalmoscopy can be used to examine the entire retina, even out to its extreme periphery, the ora serrata. This is possible for two reasons. Optical distoions caused by looking through the peripheral lens and cornea interfere very little with the indirect ophthalmoscopic examination compared with the direct ... | 9,019 | medmcqa_train |
Acute Primary Amoebic meningoencephalitis true is- | Diagnosis of acute primary amoebic meningoencephalitis is established by microscopic examination of the cerebrospinal fluid which contains trophozoite and red cells but no bacteria.
About other options
Acanthamoeba causes chronic meningoencephalitis, while Naegleria fowleri is responsible for acute cases of meningoen... | 9,020 | medmcqa_train |
In a patient with Foville's syndrome all of the following cranial nerves are involved, EXCEPT: | In a patient with foville's syndrome there is involvement of the V, VI, VII and VIII cranial nerves. The lesion in this syndrome affects the dorsal pa of the brain stem thereby involving structures such as medial longitudinal fasciculus, pontine paramedian reticular formation, fifth nerve and sympathetic neruons. These... | 9,021 | medmcqa_train |
Cervical rib arises from: | It is a Fibrous band arising from C7, which inserts on 1st thoracic rib. | 9,022 | medmcqa_train |
Left-Right movement of skull occurs at | Left-Right movement of skull occurs at Atlanto - axial joint.
Up - down movement of skull occurs at Atlanto - occipital joint. | 9,023 | medmcqa_train |
Ophthalmoplegic migraine means | B i.e. When the headache is followed by paial paralysis of 3rd nerve without any scotoma Ophthalmoplegic migrane is characterized by recurrent episodes of migraine like headache accompanied mostly by recurrent, ipsilateral and transient paresis of 3rd (most common), 6th (rare) and/ or 4th (rarest) cranial nervesQ. It i... | 9,024 | medmcqa_train |
What causes mallet finger? | Mallet finger: A finger flexed at the DIP joint due to avulsion or rupture of extensor tendon at the base of the distal phalanx. Mallet finger occur due to forced flextion of the finger tip. Hyper- extension splint is the treatment for atleast 6-8 weeks. | 9,025 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following diseases show abnormal folding of proteins except : | Multiple sclerosis[Ref: Harrison 171h/e p. 2647; Harper 27th/e p. 38; Lippincott p. 20j The process of protein folding is remarkably efficient, but sometimes it can go wrong. Incorrectly folded proteins are considered to be the cause of many diseases. Amvloidoses The common characteristic of all amyloidoses is the coll... | 9,026 | medmcqa_train |
Enteric fever is caused by - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., AH of the above Enteric fevero The term enteric fever includes typhoid fever caused by S.typhi and paratyphoid fever caused by S. paratyphi A, B and C.o The ability to resist intracellular killing and to multiply with in these cells is a measure of virulence of salmonella.o The incubation period for S... | 9,027 | medmcqa_train |
FNAC cannot detect which of the following? | Ans. a. Follicular carcinoma (Ref: Robbins 9/e p1097, 8/e p1123; Schwartz 9/e p1364, 1357; Sabiston 19/e p901-902; Bailey 26/e 765, 25/e p775)FBI AC cannot detect follicular carcinoma.'The hallmark of all follicular adenomas is the presence of an intact, well-formed capsule encircling the tumor. Careful evaluation of t... | 9,028 | medmcqa_train |
Radio-frequency ablation is done for | Ablation bypass tract offers a permanent cure of supraventricular tachycardias. The advantage of radio-frequency catheter ablation has viually eliminated the need for surgery Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1567 | 9,029 | medmcqa_train |
A person brings gifts for her wife next day after having fight with her. This is an example of | Undoing is a neurotic defense mechanism where an act is done to nullify a previous act. | 9,030 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following are true about excitation-contraction coupling except | Calcium binds to troponin to initiate exitation contraction coupling Troponin is present attached to tropomyosine Ref:Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology 12th edition,page number:82,83,84 | 9,031 | medmcqa_train |
Lisch nodule seen in- | *Lisch nodules are the most common type of ocular involvement in NF-1. These nodules are melanocytic hamaomas, usually clear yellow to brown that appear as well- defined, dome-shaped elevations projecting from the surface of the iris. Ref: Harrison 18th/e p.2964 | 9,032 | medmcqa_train |
Needle biopsy of solitary thyroid nodule in a young woman with palpable cervical lymph nodes on the same sides demonstrates amyloid in the stroma of lesion. Likely diagnosis is | Presence of thyroid nodule along with palpable cervical lymph nodes and amyloid histologically is clearly indicative of Medullary Carcinoma Thyroid, as explained before. Ref : Bailey 25/e p797 | 9,033 | medmcqa_train |
All the following are the features of the Kuntscher (K) nail devised by a German surgeon for internal fixation of femoral fractures except | The K nail is a hollow tube with a slot on one side. It is clover shaped cross section. The fixation by K nailing based on the three point fixation i.e when a straight rod passes through a curved medullary cavity It fixes the bones at three points at either ends and at the isthmus. The clover leaf shape is designed to ... | 9,034 | medmcqa_train |
Slice of tissue X-rays is: | A i.e. Tomography Hounsfield units (CT number) represent average linear attenuation coefficientQ. The Hounsfield scale is an arbitray one with air at-1000 and water at 0 units as fixed pointsQ. Fat which is less dense than water also has a negative value (- 20 to - 100 range). CT has been designated a high dose procedu... | 9,035 | medmcqa_train |
Child knows his/her sex by age of- | Ans, is 'b' i.e., 3 year AgeMilestone2 MonthSocial smile3 MonthRecognise mother6 MonthStmger anxiety9 Monthwave bye - bye12 MonthComes when called15 MonthJargon18 MonthsCopies parents task2 yearAsk for food, drink, shows toys3 yearKnow full name & gender4 yearPlays in group.5 yearHelps in household task, decrease & und... | 9,036 | medmcqa_train |
Treatment of choice for Intrahepatic Cholestasis in Pregnancy is: | Ursodeoxycholic acid (10-15 mg/kg/day) is the drug of choice in the treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnancy. It relieves pruritus, reduces bile salt levels in maternal serum and may reduce the frequency of fetal complications. It improves serum liver test and liver histology in cholestatic disease. Ref: Oxfo... | 9,037 | medmcqa_train |
Ruptured tendon is most commonly seen in | C i.e. Overuse Most frequent cause of paial or complete rupture of a muscle or tendon is eccentric overloadQ of the muscle tendon unit. One factor contributing to muscle overload is fatigue (due to over use)Q, which makes the muscle unable to absorb as much as eccentric force before overload. Strains most commonly occu... | 9,038 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following doesn't elevate the larynx? | Elevators: Primary elevators act directly as they are attached to the thyroid cartilage and include stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus and thyrohyoid. Secondary elevators act indirectly as they are attached to the hyoid bone and include mylohyoid (main), digastric, stylohyoid, geniohyoid.
Depressors:... | 9,039 | medmcqa_train |
Acromegaly is due to excess of: | Ans. (b) Growth hormone(Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p325.)Excess levels of growth hormone causes Gigantism (before the closure of epiphysis) and Acromegaly (After the closure of epiphysis) | 9,040 | medmcqa_train |
Condition (s) associated with hypokalemia except - | Type IV A is the only type characterized by a hyperkalemic, hyperchloremic acidosis. CAUSES OF HYPOKALEMIA Inadequate potassium intake Eating disorders : Anorexia, bulimia, starvation, pica, and alcoholism Dental problems: Impaired ability to chew or swallow Povey: Inadequate quantity or quality of food (eg, "tea-and-t... | 9,041 | medmcqa_train |
If pneumocephalus created either by surgery or by performance of a pneumoencephalogram, it is suggested that nitrous oxide be avoided for how many days – | Once the pneumoencephalum has developed nitrous oxide should not be used for 1 week. | 9,042 | medmcqa_train |
False regarding Primary hyperparathyroidism is | PHPT results from the enlargement of a single gland or parathyroid adenoma in approximately 80% of cases, multiple adenomas or hyperplasia in 15% to 20% of patients, and parathyroid carcinoma in 1% of patients. Most cases of PHPT are sporadic. It also occurs within the spectrum of a number of inherited disorders such a... | 9,043 | medmcqa_train |
Lichenisation occurs in which layer of skin? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Stratum malpighi | 9,044 | medmcqa_train |
TRUE/FALSE statements about carpal tunnel syndrome are: 1. Occurs in pregnancy 2. Affects medial three and half fingers 3. Associated with hypothyroidism 4. Froment sign positive 5. Median nerve involvement is present | Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by the compression of the median nerve at wrist and is most common type of nerve entrapment syndrome. This is usually due to excessive use of the hands and occupational exposure to repeated trauma. Infiltration of the transverse carpal ligament with amyloid (as occur in multiple myeloma... | 9,045 | medmcqa_train |
HLA testing aids in the diagnosis of which ocular affection: March 2010 | Ans. B: Uveitis Conditions associated with uveitis in which HLA testing is employed: Ankylosing spondylitis is a type of ahritis that mainly affects the spine. This can cause recurrent ahritis. It is mostly associated with HLA B27 Reiter's syndrome is an inflammatory ahritis common in young men - often caused by chlamy... | 9,046 | medmcqa_train |
A newborn baby presented with profuse bleeding from the umbilical stump after birth. Rest of the examination and PT, APTT are within normal limits. Most probable diagnosis is - | Normal PT and APTT exclude option a and c because PT is raised in factor X deficiency and APTT is raised in Von Willebrand disease.
So we are left with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia and Bernard Soulier syndrome.
Both these disorder are platelet function disorders and can result in neonatal bleeding.
Disorders of platelet ... | 9,047 | medmcqa_train |
A 27-year-old male presents with a testicular mass, which is resected and diagnosed as being a yolk sac tumor. Which one of the listed substances is most likely to be increased in this patient's serum as a result of being secreted from the cells of this tumor? | Germ cell tumors of the testis often secrete enzymes or polypeptide hormones, examples of which include a fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). AFP is synthesized by the fetal gut, liver, and yolk sac. It may be secreted by either yolk sac tumors (endodermal sinus tumors) or embryonal carcinomas. AF... | 9,048 | medmcqa_train |
In a 2-year-old child refractive error test is done with: | (Ref: K.D. Tripathi 8th ed. P 131)Atropine 1% ointment is preferred for refractive error test in children below 5 years. It is applied 24 hours and 2 hours before the procedure.The shorter acting agents like homatropine, tropicamide and cyclopentolate does not produce effective cycloplegia in children (ciliary muscle t... | 9,049 | medmcqa_train |
Inhaling the cloth soaked in drug is | Sniffing: Inhaling fumes from the liquid in anopen container.Bagging: Placing the chemical in a bag and thenputting it over the face.Huffing: Applying the chemical to a cloth/rag andthen inhaling it by covering nose and mouth withthe cloth/rag. | 9,050 | medmcqa_train |
Local anaesthetic injected directly into the tissue ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Infiltration anaesthesia o Infiltration anaesthesia is the injection of local anaesthetic directly into tissue without taking into consideration the course of cutaneous nerve. | 9,051 | medmcqa_train |
Which doesnot form a part of thoracic outlet? | (D) Second rib# Thoracic outlet syndrome: Scalenus anticus syndrome> "This is a symptom complex resulting from compression of the neurovascular bundle (artery, vein, or nerves) at the superior thoracic outlet as it courses through the neck and shoulder.> Cervical ribs, abnormalities of the scalenus anticus muscle, prox... | 9,052 | medmcqa_train |
CECT with nodular enhancement is suggestive of | Most common benign tumor of the liver Mainly seen in women of 45 years Small capillary hemangiomas(no clinical significance), larger cavernous hemangioma Usually single and <5 cm in diameter, occur equally in right and left liver Giant hemangioma: lesion>5cm Pathology Microscopically: Endothelium-lines, blood filled sp... | 9,053 | medmcqa_train |
Phospho-dephosphorylation of phosphofructokinase and fructose 1, 6, biphosphatase by fructose 2, 6,biphosphate regulation is seen in | Fructose 2, 6-biphosphate has unique role in regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in liver. | 9,054 | medmcqa_train |
True about OCG is – a) First done by Graham Cole in 1942b) Dye ingested at rate of 1 ml/kgc) USG has replaced itd) Dye used is telepaque | OCG was introduced by Graham and Cole in 1924 (not in 1942).
Two doses of 3 gm of dye is given --> first dose 14 hours, and second dose 3-4 hours prior to post-contrast examination.
OCG has largely been replaced by USG
Dye most commonly used is Na/Ca Ipanoic acid (Telepaque). | 9,055 | medmcqa_train |
Tom Smith arthritis involves | Ans. b (Hip) (Ref Maheshwari orthopedics 4th/165)TOM SMITH ARTHRITIS# Septic arthritis of hip joint in infant# Acute onset with rapid abscess formation# Head of femur is cartilaginous at this age and hence rapidly and completely destroyed by the pyogenic process.# Affected limb shorter and hip movements are increasd in... | 9,056 | medmcqa_train |
Hypoglycemia caused by anti-hyperglycemic drugs like sulfonylureas can be classified as (adverse drug reaction): | Type A: Augmented pharmacologic effects - Dose dependent and predictable e.g. hypoglycemia caused by anti-hyperglycemic drugs like sulfonylureas.
Type B: Bizarre effects (or idiosyncratic) - Dose independent and unpredictable e.g. allergic reactions caused by penicllins.
Type C: Chronic effects e.g. peptic ulcer caused by... | 9,057 | medmcqa_train |
The drug which inhibits the rate-limiting step of acetylcholine synthesis is | Rate limiting step is mediated by choline acetyltransferase which is blocked by hemicholinium. Ref: KD T ripathi 8th ed. | 9,058 | medmcqa_train |
The toxic substance responsible for floppy baby syndrome is | It is seen in newborn babies breastfed by lithium-ingesting mothers due to disruption of afferent inputs from stretch receptors. Manifesting as hypotonicity, lethargy, and cyanosis (floppy baby syndrome). | 9,059 | medmcqa_train |
WHO surveillance is done in all EXCEPT | (Relapsing fever) (115,204, Park 20th)SURVEILLANCE - defined as "the continuous scrutiny of all aspects of occurance and spread of disease that are pertinent to effective control"* The ultimate objective of surveillance is prevention* International surveillance: At the international level, the WHO maintains surveillanc... | 9,060 | medmcqa_train |
Convergent muscle among the following is | Convergent muscle is one where all the fibres converge at the insertion (Fan shaped)
Eg - Temporalis | 9,061 | medmcqa_train |
Choose the drug which blocks basal as well as stimulated gastric acid secretion without affecting cholinergic, histaminergic or gastrin receptors | Omeprazole:- It is the prototype member of substituted benzimidazoles which inhibit the final common step in gastric acid secretion. The only significant pharmacological action of omeprazole is dose dependent suppression of gastric acid secretion; without anticholinergic or H2 blocking action. It is a powerful inhibito... | 9,062 | medmcqa_train |
Tinea pedis is caused by which of the following - | Tinea pedis ( Athlete foot ) - Infection of web space between the toes Caused by Epidermophyton floccosum | 9,063 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not seen in imaging of acute pyelonephritis? | Ref: Cavorsi A'. Prabhakar P, Kirby C. Acute pyelonephritis. Ultrasound Q 2010;26(2): 103-5 ami Ultrasound: A Practical Approach to Clinical Problems, Edited by Edward I. Bluth, Page 465 and Genitourinary Imaging by Shailendra Chopra, Thieme PublishersExplanation:"The affected kidney is enlarged, areas of relative isch... | 9,064 | medmcqa_train |
The interval of time between receipt of infection by a host and maximum infectivity is known as | Ans. c (Generation time) (Ref. Text book of PSM by Park 22nd/96)Generation time: is the time interval between receipt of infection by host and max. infectivity1Median incubation periodTime required for 50% of cases to occur following exposure.2Incubation periodPeriod of entry of organism to appearance of first sign or ... | 9,065 | medmcqa_train |
Most common cause of proptosis in adults is - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Thyroid Ophthalmopathy o The most common cause of unilateral proptosis in children is orbital cellulitis.o The most common cause of unilateral proptosis in adults is thyroid ophthalmopathy. | 9,066 | medmcqa_train |
Glucogenic amino acid transported to the liver most commonly - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Alanine o Transport of alanine from muscle to liver (glucose-alanine cycle) has two functions :-Providing substrate for giuconeogenesisTransport of ammonia (NH4+) to liver for urea synthesis.o During the first few days of starvation, there is a rapid breakdown of muscle protein, providing aminoacids f... | 9,067 | medmcqa_train |
True regarding autonomic system is : | Ans. is 'c' is Preganglionic parasympathetic fibres are more lengthy The cell bodies of the post ganglionic parasympathetic neurons are located on or near the body of the viscera and therefore postganglionic neurons are very short.Whereas the cell bodies of the preganglionic parasympathetic neurons are located in the i... | 9,068 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following statements are true regarding the submandibular gland except? | Submandibular gland Consist of large superficial pa and small deep pa Wrapped around the posterior border of Mylohyoid muscle. Lingual nerve loops around the submandibular duct Facial aery is related to superficial pa of the gland | 9,069 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not evaluated using 99mm Tc- DMSA scintigraphy? | Ans DDMSA scan is used to study renal morphology thus out of given options only renal artery stenosis is not a renal morphological defect. Renal artery stenosis is studied by Captopril-DTPA scan | 9,070 | medmcqa_train |
DNA fingerprinting was first developed by? | DNA fingerprinting was developed by Alec JeffreyQ. Brain finger printing invented by Dr.Lawrence FarrelQ Brain Fingerprinting (Brain Mapping): Brain mapping is a group of neuroscience techniques based on the mapping the activities of the different areas of the brain. The electrical activities of the brain is measured &... | 9,071 | medmcqa_train |
Valve of Rosenmuller is present in which pa of lacrimal system? | Answer- B. CanaliculiValve of Rosenmuller is a small flap of mucosa in lacrimal canaliculus at its junction with lacrimal sac. | 9,072 | medmcqa_train |
A 22 year old man presents to ENT OPD complaining of itching, earache and discharge from the ear. Discharge is watery in consistency and have musty odour. On examination, doctor found black headed filamentous growth which resembled wet blotting paper. Which of the following is likely diagnosis in this case? | -Patient is suffering from otomycosis due to Aspergillus niger. Otomycosis Fungal infection of the external auditary canal C/F: Intense itching Pain in the ear (More with Aspergillus flavus) Watery discharge with a musty odour The fungal mass have wet blotting paper/newspaper appearance Causes - Aspergillus niger Asper... | 9,073 | medmcqa_train |
Length of LES is ? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 3-4 cm The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is a bundle of muscles at the low end of the esophagus, where it meets the stomach.When the LES is closed, it prevents acid and stomach contents from traveling backwards from the stomach.The LES muscles are not under voluntary control.Lower esophageal splinc... | 9,074 | medmcqa_train |
Who said these words : To study the phenomenon of disease without books is to sail an unchaed sea, while to study books without patients is not to go to sea at all - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Sir William Osler | 9,075 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following contains highest protein content? | Ans. b (HDL). (Ref. Harper, Biochemistry, 25th ed., 268)PROPERTIES OF PLASMA LIPOPROTEINS LipoproteinMajor lipidElectrophoretic mobilityMajor apoproteinsProtein content1ChylomicronTriglycerideNoneB-48, A-I, IV-2Very low density (VLDL)TriglyceridePre-betaB-100, E, C-I, II, III-3intermediateTriglyceride & density (IDL)ch... | 9,076 | medmcqa_train |
During a football game a 21-year-old wide receiver was illegally blocked by a linebacker, who threw himself against the posterolateral aspect of the runner's left knee. As he lay on the ground, the wide receiver grasped his knee in obvious pain. Which of the following structures is frequently subject to injury from thi... | This type of injury can result in the "unhappy triad" (of O'Donahue) injury, with damage to the medial collateral ligament (MCL), anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), and medial meniscus. A blow to the lateral side of the knee stretches and tears the MCL, which is attached to the medial meniscus. The ACL is tensed during ... | 9,077 | medmcqa_train |
23-year-old medical student complaint of feeling "worried." He fears failing his clinical exam because he feels nervous about presenting a case and performing physical examination in front of examiners. He would skip bedside teaching when it would be his turn to present a case in front of his classmates and tutors. He ... | Clinical picture of fearing presentation in public, avoidance, fear of criticism is suggestive of social phobia. It is also known as social anxiety disorder. In Generalised anxiety disorder there is free flowing anxiety at all time. In panic disorder there are recurrent panic attacks with feeling of impending doom. | 9,078 | medmcqa_train |
A 1-year-old female infant is hospitalized for pneumonia. Bacterial cultures of the sputum have grown Pseudomonas aeruginosa. She has had two prior hospitalizations for severe respiratory infections. Her mother has noted that when she kisses her child, the child tastes "salty." The child has had weight loss that the mo... | Cystic fibrosis, Most common lethal genetic disease in Caucasian populations. Defect in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein Deletion of phenylalanine in position 508 (DF508 mutation). Affected patients often have multiple pulmonary infections and pancreatic insufficiency with steatorr... | 9,079 | medmcqa_train |
Retinal output is mainly from | (A) Ganglion cell layer # Retina:> Layer of rods & cones: These are the end organs of vision & are also known as photoreceptors> Outer nuclear layer: It consists of nuclei of the rods and cones.> Outer plexiform layer: It consists of connections of rod spherules and cone pedicles with the dendrites of bipolar cells and... | 9,080 | medmcqa_train |
Global warming, which is true: | CO2 is the major green house gas | 9,081 | medmcqa_train |
Lathryism is due to - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Khesari Dal Lathvrismo Lathyrism is caused bv lathyrus sativus, commonly known as "Khesari dhal"o The toxin present in lathyrus seeds has been identified as Beta oxalyl aminoalanine (BOAA).o Toxin is water soluble,, this property has been made use of in removing the toxin from the pulse by soaking it ... | 9,082 | medmcqa_train |
Bone tumors arising from diaphysis -a) Chondrosarcomab) Ewing's tumorc) Osteoclastomad) Chondroblastoma e) Osteid osteoma | Diaphyseal lesions : - Ewing sarcoma, Lymphomas, Fibrous dysplasia, Adamantinoma, Histiocytosis, Osteoid osteoma, Chondromyxoid fibroma, Fibrosarcoma, Fibrous cortical defect. Non ossifying fibroma | 9,083 | medmcqa_train |
Vitamin K dependent clotting factor is | Vitamin K dependent clotting factors (VKCF) are clotting factors II (prothrombin), VII (Proconvertin), IX (Christmas factor), X (Stuart Prover Factor), protein C, protein S and protein Z. | 9,084 | medmcqa_train |
IPC code related to age for valid consent is? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., 87o Section 87 of the IPC says that a person above 18 years of age can give valid consent and Section 89 of the IPC says that a child under 12 years of age cannot give a valid consent.Other optionso 85 and 86 I PCs are related to drunkenness and criminal responsibility.o 88 IPC: Act not intended to ca... | 9,085 | medmcqa_train |
The dose of Dopamine used for renal vasodilatation is? | Dopamine is used in the treatment of shock - cardiogenic, hypovolemic, and septic shock. It is especially useful when there is renal dysfunction and low cardiac output because dopamine increases renal blood flow and thereby GFR. Dopamine stimulates the hea - increases FOC, CO, BP. It is also sho acting. Its dose is 2-5... | 9,086 | medmcqa_train |
Smokeless Gun powder contains | SMOKELESS gun powder: Single base: Nitrocellulose Double base: Nitrocellulose + Nitro-glycerine Triple base: Nitrocellulose + Nitroglycerine + Nitroguanidine | 9,087 | medmcqa_train |
What is the content of ethinyl estradiol in very low dose oral contraceptives ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., 20 jutg o Very low dose OCPs ---> 20 mg ethinyl estradiol. o Conventional OCPs --> 30-50 mg ethinyl estradiol (mostly 30 g) | 9,088 | medmcqa_train |
True statement about widal test in typhoid is-( | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Previous infection alters widal test . Person who have had prior infection or immunization may develop an anamnestic response during unrelated fever and may show false positive reaction. This may be differentiated by repetition of test after a week. The anamnestic response shows only a transient rise,... | 9,089 | medmcqa_train |
Schizophrenia mostly occurs in - | Schizophrenia starts in late adolescence and early adulthood (15-20 years). | 9,090 | medmcqa_train |
ECG of a patient with snake bite is shown below. What is the abnormality seen? | ECG changes typically occur when serum potassium is < 3 mEq/L, and include ST segment sagging, T wave depression, and U wave elevation. With marked hypokalemia, the T wave becomes progressively smaller and the U wave becomes increasingly larger . Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg 370 | 9,091 | medmcqa_train |
The following condition is treated with | The picture and the description are characteristic features of Pyostomatitis vegetans . It is usually treated by corticosteroids | 9,092 | medmcqa_train |
A 72-year-old woman presents with bone pain and tenderness in her lower extremities and left clavicle. Physical examination reveals tenderness to palpation on her lower legs and left midclavicle. Laboratory studies reveal elevated calcium, decreased phosphate, and elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH). X-ray reveals the f... | Ans. (d) Osteitis fibrosa cystica.The patient in this question has hyperparathyroidism (elevated PTH) and is showing clinical symptoms for osteitis fibrosa cystica, a disease in which cystic bone spaces are filled with brown fibrous tissue. This disease is associated with hyperparathyroidism because PTH first acts on o... | 9,093 | medmcqa_train |
For the immediately life-threatening injuries of the chest "Laryngeal obstruction", select the proper intervention. (SELECT 1 INTERVENTION) | Airway obstruction denotes partial or complete occlusion of the tracheobronchial tree by foreign bodies, secretions, or crush injuries of the upper respiratory tract. Patients may present with symptoms ranging from cough and mild dyspnea to stridor and hypoxic cardiac arrest. An initial effort should be made to digital... | 9,094 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following conditions are associated with systolic thrill in left 2nd and 3rd intercostal space, EXCEPT: | Pink TOF is not commonly associated with a left upper parasternal systolic thrill. It is associated with a systolic thrill in second and third intercostal space. The physiology of TOF depends primarily on the severity of pulmonary stenosis and on the size of the VSD. Pink TOF is said to occur in patients with a large V... | 9,095 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not example of Pseudopubey? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of above | 9,096 | medmcqa_train |
Angiogenesis is | (Formation of the new blood vessels) (71-72-R) (70-72- Basic pathology 8th)ANGIOGENESIS or neovascularization by which preexisting vessels send out capillary sprouts to produce new vessels.Angiotensis is a critical process in the healing at sites of injury in the development of collateral circulations at sites of ische... | 9,097 | medmcqa_train |
In Cushing syndrome, which of the following are seen - | Cushing syndrome is a disorder resulting from increased adrenocoical secretion of coisol, due to any one of several sources: ACTH-dependent adrenocoical hyperplasia or tumor, ectopic ACTH-secreting tumor, or excessive administrations of steroids; characterized by truncal obesity, moon face, acne, abdominal striae, hype... | 9,098 | medmcqa_train |
True about chancroid is | Chancroid:
Incubation period = 3 to 10 days
It lacks systemic reaction and prodrome.
Ulcer base is soft. | 9,099 | medmcqa_train |
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