id stringlengths 13 34 | paragraphs listlengths 18 20 | question stringlengths 29 242 | question_decomposition listlengths 2 4 | answer stringlengths 1 100 | answer_aliases sequencelengths 0 10 | answerable bool 1 class | is_correct int64 0 0 | coherence float64 3 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2hop__482757_12019 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Pakistan Super League",
"paragraph_text": "Pakistan Super League (Urdu: پاکستان سپر لیگ ; PSL) is a Twenty20 cricket league, founded in Lahore on 9 September 2015 with five teams and now comprises six teams. Instead of operating as an association of independently owned teams, the league is a single entity in which each franchise is owned and controlled by investors.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Serena Wilson",
"paragraph_text": "Serena Wilson (August 8, 1933 – June 17, 2007), often known just as \"Serena\", was a well-known dancer, choreographer, and teacher who helped popularize belly dance in the United States. Serena's work also helped legitimize the dance form and helped it to be perceived as more than burlesque or stripping. Serena danced in clubs in her younger years, opened her own studio, hosted her own television show, founded her own dance troupe, and was the author of several books about belly dance.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Longman",
"paragraph_text": "Longman, also known as Pearson Longman, is a publishing company founded in London, England, in 1724 and is owned by Pearson PLC.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Bankhaus Lampe",
"paragraph_text": "Bankhaus Lampe is a private bank in Germany, founded in 1852 and headquartered in Bielefeld. It is wholly owned by the Oetker Group. The bank owns 50% of Universal Investment.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Publix",
"paragraph_text": "Publix Super Markets, Inc., commonly known as Publix, is an employee - owned, American supermarket chain headquartered in Lakeland, Florida. Founded in 1930 by George W. Jenkins, Publix is a private corporation that is wholly owned by present and past employees. It is considered the largest employee - owned company in the world. Publix operates throughout the Southeastern United States, with locations in Florida (785), Georgia (186), Alabama (68), South Carolina (58), Tennessee (42), North Carolina (35), and Virginia (8).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "The Collegian (Houston Baptist University)",
"paragraph_text": "The Collegian is the bi-weekly official student publication of Houston Baptist University in Houston, Texas. It was founded in 1963 as a newsletter, and adopted the newspaper format in 1990.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "The Collegian (Hillsdale College)",
"paragraph_text": "The Collegian is the oldest college newspaper in Michigan. The paper's history traces back to 1878, when the Hillsdale Herald was first published. The administration started The Collegian in 1893 as a rival paper to the Herald.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "List of Old Scotch Collegians",
"paragraph_text": "This is a list of Old Scotch Collegians, who are notable former students of Scotch College in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Renaissance Broadcasting",
"paragraph_text": "Renaissance Broadcasting, founded in 1982 by Michael Finkelstein, was a company that owned several UHF television stations, it was sold to Tribune Broadcasting in 1997. The company was headquartered in Greenwich, Connecticut.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Houston",
"paragraph_text": "Several private institutions of higher learning—ranging from liberal arts colleges, such as The University of St. Thomas, Houston's only Catholic university, to Rice University, the nationally recognized research university—are located within the city. Rice, with a total enrollment of slightly more than 6,000 students, has a number of distinguished graduate programs and research institutes, such as the James A. Baker Institute for Public Policy. Houston Baptist University, affiliated with the Baptist General Convention of Texas, offers bachelor's and graduate degrees. It was founded in 1960 and is located in the Sharpstown area in Southwest Houston.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "France-Guyane",
"paragraph_text": "France-Guyane is a daily, French-language newspaper headquartered in Cayenne, French Guiana. Founded in 1973, the newspaper is owned by \"French-Antilles\", which is controlled by the Groupe Hersant Média group.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Bayou City Broadcasting",
"paragraph_text": "Bayou City Broadcasting, LLC is a broadcasting company founded in December 2007 and owned by DuJuan McCoy. The company is based in The Woodlands, Texas.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "GKS Górnik 1979 Łęczna",
"paragraph_text": "GKS Górnik 1979 Łęczna was a short-lived fan-owned phoenix club founded in 2011 by Górnik Łęczna fans who were unhappy with the name change to GKS Bogdanka. The club eventually changed its name back in 2013 but the fan owned counterpart has continued to operate in amateur football leagues until 2014.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Broadway Federal Bank",
"paragraph_text": "The Broadway Federal Bank is a community bank founded in 1946 and based in Los Angeles. As of 2011, it owned and operated three traditional branches and one loan production office.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Gubernija",
"paragraph_text": "Gubernija is a brewery in Lithuania. It is one of the oldest businesses in the world, having been founded in 1665. Gubernija is listed on the NASDAQ OMX Vilnius stock exchange. Unlike other Lithuanian breweries, Gubernija has its own pubs.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Nordic Paper",
"paragraph_text": "Nordic Paper AS is a Norwegian industrial company, operating in Norway and Sweden. It was founded in 2001 when \"Peterson Scanproof\", a branch of M. Peterson & Søn which consisted of production units in Greåker (formerly owned by Greaker Industrier) and Säffle, was merged with a paper factory in Geithus, owned by Norske Skog Union.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Logica",
"paragraph_text": "Logica was a multinational IT and management consultancy company headquartered in Reading, United Kingdom. Founded in 1969, the company became a wholly owned subsidiary of CGI Group in 2012.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Skipton Business Finance",
"paragraph_text": "Skipton Business Finance is a UK factoring and Invoice discounting company, founded and based in Skipton, North Yorkshire. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Skipton Building Society.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Brett Kearney",
"paragraph_text": "Brett Kearney (born 29 September 1983 in Sydney, New South Wales), also known by the nickname of \"BK\", is an Australian professional rugby league footballer formerly with the Bradford Bulls in the Super League, now currently playing for the Collegians in the Illawarra Rugby League competition. A utility back, he has represented Country Origin and previously played for the South Sydney Rabbitohs and Cronulla.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Grand Duchy of Baden State Railway",
"paragraph_text": "The Grand Duchy of Baden was an independent state in what is now southwestern Germany until the creation of the German Empire in 1871. It had its own state-owned railway company, the Grand Duchy of Baden State Railways (\"Großherzoglich Badische Staatseisenbahnen or G.Bad.St.E.\"), which was founded in 1840. At the time when it was integrated into the Deutsche Reichsbahn in 1920, its network had an overall length of about .",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | When was the institute that owned The Collegian founded? | [
{
"id": 482757,
"question": "The Collegian >> owned by",
"answer": "Houston Baptist University",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 12019,
"question": "When was #1 founded?",
"answer": "1960",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | 1960 | [] | true | 0 | 5 |
2hop__813857_127131 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "PopSister",
"paragraph_text": "PopSister was a Japanese monthly gal-shibuya-kei-oriented fashion magazine published by Kadokawa Publishing & Co.. Launched in 2010 as the \"older sister\" magazine of \"Popteen\", \"PopSister\" was targeted at females in their teens and early 20s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Lethe Press",
"paragraph_text": "Lethe Press is an American book publishing company based in Maple Shade, New Jersey. Launched in 2001 by Steve Berman, a writer and a former employee of Giovanni's Room Bookstore in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the company was originally launched to publish speculative fiction, primarily LGBT-themed, as well as rereleasing out of print titles from other LGBT publishers. In recent years, with numerous LGBT-oriented publishing companies folding, the company has also expanded its line to include new LGBT-themed non-fiction, poetry and anthology titles.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "World Press Review",
"paragraph_text": "World Press Review (Worldpress.org) is an independent, nonpartisan New York based magazine founded in 1974 and initially published by Stanley Foundation and Teri Schure, with an online edition which was launched in 1997.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Calcified Tissue International",
"paragraph_text": "Calcified Tissue International is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by Springer Science+Business Media and first launched in 1967. From 1967 to 1978, the journal was published under the name \"Calcified Tissue Research\". It is an official journal of the International Osteoporosis Foundation. The journal is published monthly and includes original research on the structure and function of bone and other mineralized systems in living organisms, as well as reviews and special reports.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Open Biology",
"paragraph_text": "Open Biology is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal published by the Royal Society covering biology at the molecular and cellular levels. The first issue was published in September 2011 with an editorial about the launch of the journal. All papers are made freely available under an open access model immediately on publication. The editor-in-chief is David Glover (University of Cambridge).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Nature Protocols",
"paragraph_text": "Nature Protocols, published by the Nature Publishing Group, is an on-line scientific journal publishing methods in a recipe-style format. The journal was launched in June 2006 and the content includes both classical methods and cutting-edge techniques relevant to the study of biological problems. The content on this site is divided into \"Nature Protocols\" and the \"Protocol Exchange\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Nature India",
"paragraph_text": "Nature India is an online publication by Nature Publishing Group (NPG) that highlights research being produced in India in science and medicine. The international website was launched in February 2008.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "The EMBO Journal",
"paragraph_text": "The EMBO Journal is a peer-reviewed scientific journal focusing on full-length papers describing original research of general interest in molecular biology and related areas. The journal was established in 1982 and was published by Nature Publishing Group on behalf of the European Molecular Biology Organization until the launch of EMBO press in 2013.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Les Nouvelles de Tahiti",
"paragraph_text": "Les Nouvelles de Tahiti was a daily, French Polynesian newspaper headquartered in Tahiti. The newspaper, which published in French, was owned by Groupe Hersant Média. \"Les Nouvelles de Tahiti\" launched its website on December 3, 2008.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Nature China",
"paragraph_text": "Nature China () is an online publication by Nature Publishing Group (NPG) that highlights the best research being produced in Hong Kong and Mainland China in science and medicine. The international website was launched in January 2007. The Chinese website was launched on 25 April 2007. The site and its content is free-to-view for registered users.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Nature Materials",
"paragraph_text": "Nature Materials, is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Nature Publishing Group. It was launched in September 2002. Vincent Dusastre is the launching and current chief editor.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Untouchable (novel)",
"paragraph_text": "The book was first published in 1935. Later editions carried a foreword written by E.M. Forster. In 2004, a commemorative edition including this book was launched by Indian then Prime Minister Manmohan Singh.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "CrossGen",
"paragraph_text": "Cross Generation Entertainment, or CrossGen, was an American comic book publisher and entertainment company that operated from 1998 to 2004. The company's assets were acquired by The Walt Disney Company in 2004, and designated to Disney Publishing Worldwide. In July 2010, Disney re-established the brand through Marvel Comics, who announced plans to revive CrossGen titles.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Crux Ansata",
"paragraph_text": "Crux Ansata, subtitled 'An Indictment of the Roman Catholic Church' by H. G. Wells is a (96 page) wartime book first published in 1943 by Penguin Books, Hammonsworth (Great Britain): Penguin Special No. 129. The U. S. edition was copyrighted and published in 1944 by Agora Publishing Company, New York, with a portrait frontispiece and an appendix of an interview with Wells recorded by John Rowland. The U.S. edition of 144 pages went into a third printing in August 1946.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "European Polymer Journal",
"paragraph_text": "European Polymer Journal is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal, established in 1965 and published by Elsevier. The journal is publishing both original research and review papers on topic of the physics and chemistry of polymers. In 2006, it launched the polymer nanotechnology section.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Agon (newspaper)",
"paragraph_text": "Agon is a newspaper published in Albania and based in Tirana. The paper was launched in 2007 as a free daily, being the first in its category.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Amazing Stories",
"paragraph_text": "Amazing Stories is an American science fiction magazine launched in April 1926 by Hugo Gernsback's Experimenter Publishing. It was the first magazine devoted solely to science fiction. Science fiction stories had made regular appearances in other magazines, including some published by Gernsback, but \"Amazing\" helped define and launch a new genre of pulp fiction.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Crux (comics)",
"paragraph_text": "Crux is an American comic book published by CrossGen Entertainment from May 2001 to February 2004. It was cancelled due to bankruptcy in 2004. Crux was one of the later titles that came first in a sort of second wave of Crossgen titles which included Sojourn and Brath. It detailed the exploits of six Atlanteans who were put into stasis and are awoken 100.000 years later.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Nicholas Richardson",
"paragraph_text": "Nicholas Richardson was educated at Magdalen College, Oxford (Honour Moderations in \"Literae Humaniores\" first class, Final Honour School of \"Literae Humaniores\" first class, BPhil, DPhil). From 1960 until 1961 he was a student of ancient historian G.E.M. de Ste Croix, and contributed to his festschrift entitled \"Crux\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Adelina Tattilo",
"paragraph_text": "Adelina Tattilo (Foggia, 1929 – Rome, 1 February 2007) was an Italian publisher. She is acknowledged to be a pioneer in the Italian erotic magazine publishing sector, who contributed to change the social customs Italy from the second half the 1960s. By launching \"Playmen\", Tattilo engaged publishers like Hugh Hefner and Larry Flynt in an ideological battle to liberate sexual attitudes and free them from bigotry and false moralisms.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | When was the publisher of Crux launched? | [
{
"id": 813857,
"question": "Crux >> publisher",
"answer": "CrossGen",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 127131,
"question": "When was #1 launched?",
"answer": "1998",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | 1998 | [] | true | 0 | 5 |
2hop__125960_675104 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Baldevins bryllup",
"paragraph_text": "Baldevins bryllup () is a 1926 Norwegian comedy film directed by George Schnéevoigt, starring Einar Sissener and Victor Bernau. The film is based on a play by Vilhelm Krag, and tells the story of how Simen Sørensen (Bernau) manages to get his friend Baldevin Jonassen (Sissener) married to the lady next door. The film was renovated in 2006, for the 100-years anniversary of Kristiansand Cinema.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "The Killian Curse",
"paragraph_text": "The Killian Curse is a New Zealand kidult horror-fantasy television show, directed by Thomas Robins and Wayne Vinton. Starring Nick Blake and local New Zealand children, \"The Killian Curse\" tells the 21 stories of the students from Room 21, who must each face an evil curse placed on them by the sinister Charles Killian. Killian wants to get revenge on the people who caused his death shortly after founding the school in 1906. He needs to capture 11 souls to rise from the dead.There are two series which first aired in 2006 and 2008.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Moscow Elegy",
"paragraph_text": "Moscow Elegy () is a 1988 documentary film directed by Alexander Sokurov, about the later life and death of Soviet Russian filmmaker Andrei Tarkovsky. The film was originally intended to mark the 50th birthday of Tarkovsky in 1982, which would have been before his death. Controversy with Soviet authorities about the film's style and content led to significant delays in the production.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Acceptance (House)",
"paragraph_text": "Acceptance is the first episode of season 2, written by Russel Friend & Garrett Lerner and directed by Dan Attias. House and his team has to diagnose and cure a death row inmate",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "La morte risale a ieri sera",
"paragraph_text": "\"La morte risale a ieri sera\" was released in Italy on September 5, 1970. The film has also been distributed internationally under the titles \"Death Occurred Last Night\", \"Death Took Place Last Night\" and \"Horror Came out of the Fog\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Vengeance Is a Dish Served Cold",
"paragraph_text": "Vengeance Is a Dish Served Cold (), also known as Death's Dealer, is a 1971 Italian Western film directed by Pasquale Squitieri and starring Klaus Kinski.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Arthur Conan Doyle",
"paragraph_text": "Doyle was found clutching his chest in the hall of Windlesham Manor, his house in Crowborough, East Sussex, on 7 July 1930. He died of a heart attack at the age of 71. His last words were directed toward his wife: \"You are wonderful.\" At the time of his death, there was some controversy concerning his burial place, as he was avowedly not a Christian, considering himself a Spiritualist. He was first buried on 11 July 1930 in Windlesham rose garden.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "A Walk with Love and Death",
"paragraph_text": "A Walk with Love and Death is a 1969 DeLuxe Color romantic drama film directed by John Huston and starring Anjelica Huston, Assi Dayan, Anthony Higgins, and John Huston.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Maze Runner (film series)",
"paragraph_text": "In March 2015, T.S. Nowlin, who co-wrote the first and wrote the second film, was hired to write Maze Runner: The Death Cure based on the novel The Death Cure. In September 2015, Ball was hired to direct the film. Ball said that the film would not be split into two films. Principal photography took place in Cape Town, South Africa between March and June 2017 for a January 26, 2018 release.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Lady in the Death House",
"paragraph_text": "Lady in the Death House is a 1944 American film directed by Steve Sekely and starring Jean Parker and Lionel Atwill.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "George Schnéevoigt",
"paragraph_text": "Schnéevoigt was born in Copenhagen, Denmark to actress Siri Schnéevoigt, and he is the father of actor and director Alf Schnéevoigt.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Sartana in the Valley of Death",
"paragraph_text": "Sartana in the Valley of Death (, also known as \"Ballad of Death Valley\") is a 1970 Italian Spaghetti Western film written and directed by Roberto Mauri and starring William Berger.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Le Juge Fayard dit Le Shériff",
"paragraph_text": "Le Juge Fayard dit Le Shériff is a 1977 French crime film written and directed by Yves Boisset. The film was inspired by the death of François Renaud.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Death Valley",
"paragraph_text": "Death Valley is a desert valley located in Eastern California, in the northern Mojave Desert bordering the Great Basin Desert. It is one of the hottest places in the world along with deserts in the Middle East.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Charles Darnay",
"paragraph_text": "Darnay is put on trial for treason against the Kingdom of Great Britain, but the key eyewitness testimony against him is undermined when his defense counsel directs attention to Sydney Carton, a barrister who has been assisting in the case. The two men bear a strong resemblance to one another, and Darnay is acquitted as a result. Later, Darnay succeeds his uncle as Marquis when the latter is stabbed to death in his sleep by a French revolutionary. Both Darnay and Carton express their love for Lucie Manette, but Darnay courts and marries her. As the French Revolution begins, Darnay is arrested and brought before a tribunal, where the crimes of his uncle and father are brought to light. He is sentenced to death by guillotine, but Carton takes his place so that he and his family can escape.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Death Flies East",
"paragraph_text": "Death Flies East is a 1935 American mystery film directed by Phil Rosen and starring Conrad Nagel, Florence Rice and Raymond Walburn. The action takes place on an airline flight with a murderer aboard. The film was an early example of the aviation \"disaster film\" genre.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "A Fistful of Death",
"paragraph_text": "A Fistful of Death ( ) is a 1971 Italian Western film directed by Demofilo Fidani and starring Klaus Kinski.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "The Death of a Lumberjack",
"paragraph_text": "The Death of a Lumberjack () is a 1973 Canadian drama film directed by Gilles Carle. The film was entered into the 1973 Cannes Film Festival.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Coast of Skeletons",
"paragraph_text": "Coast of Skeletons is a 1965 British-South African adventure film, directed by Robert Lynn and starring Richard Todd and Dale Robertson. It is a sequel to the 1963 film \"Death Drums Along the River\", and just as that film, it uses the characters from Edgar Wallace's 1911 novel \"Sanders of the River\" and Zoltán Korda's 1935 film based on the novel, but placed in a totally different story. \"Coast of Skeletons\" was released in Germany as \"Sanders und das Schiff des Todes\"/ \"Sanders and the Ship of Death\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Game of Death II",
"paragraph_text": "Game of Death II (, aka Tower of Death and The New Game of Death) is a 1981 Hong Kong martial arts film directed by Ng See-yuen starring Bruce Lee, Tong Lung, Huong Cheng Li and Roy Horan. This film was marketed as a sequel to Bruce Lee's last and only partially completed film \"Game of Death\". Bruce Lee died some years before the production of \"Game of Death II\" and most of his scenes are taken from Lee's older films; mostly from \"Enter the Dragon\". Aside from the International English dub giving the \"Bruce Lee\" character the name \"Billy Lo\", this movie would seem to have no connection with Robert Clouse's film.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Where did the Baldevins bryllup director die? | [
{
"id": 125960,
"question": "Who directed Baldevins bryllup?",
"answer": "George Schnéevoigt",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 675104,
"question": "#1 >> place of death",
"answer": "Copenhagen",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | Copenhagen | [] | true | 0 | 5 |
2hop__465230_21416 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Affirmative action in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "In the 1960 presidential election, Democratic candidate and future President John F. Kennedy \"criticized President Eisenhower for not ending discrimination in federally supported housing\" and \"advocated a permanent Fair Employment Practices Commission\".:59 Shortly after taking office, Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925 in March 1961, requiring government contractors to \"consider and recommend additional affirmative steps which should be taken by executive departments and agencies to realize more fully the national policy of nondiscrimination…. The contractor will take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin\".:60 The order also established the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity (PCEEO), chaired by Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson. Federal contractors who failed to comply or violated the executive order were punished by contract cancellation and the possible debarment from future government contracts. The administration was \"not demanding any special preference or treatment or quotas for minorities\" but was rather \"advocating racially neutral hiring to end job discrimination\".:61 Turning to issues of women's rights, Kennedy initiated a Commission on the Status of Women in December 1961. The commission was charged with \"examining employment policies and practices of the government and of contractors\" with regard to sex.:66",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Lucas Bradley",
"paragraph_text": "Lucas Bradley (1809–1889) was an American architect in Racine, Wisconsin. He designed the Eli R. Cooley House in Racine, Wisconsin, the John Collins House, George Murray House (Racine, Wisconsin) and Racine College.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Yale University",
"paragraph_text": "Yale expanded gradually, establishing the Yale School of Medicine (1810), Yale Divinity School (1822), Yale Law School (1843), Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (1847), the Sheffield Scientific School (1847), and the Yale School of Fine Arts (1869). In 1887, as the college continued to grow under the presidency of Timothy Dwight V, Yale College was renamed Yale University. The university would later add the Yale School of Music (1894), the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies (founded by Gifford Pinchot in 1900), the Yale School of Public Health (1915), the Yale School of Nursing (1923), the Yale School of Drama (1955), the Yale Physician Associate Program (1973), and the Yale School of Management (1976). It would also reorganize its relationship with the Sheffield Scientific School.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "No, Honestly",
"paragraph_text": "No, Honestly is a British sitcom that was originally produced in 1974. \"No, Honestly\" featured the real-life married couple of Pauline Collins and John Alderton respectively as Clara and Charles \"CD\" Danby, a newlywed couple living in London.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Thomas & Sarah",
"paragraph_text": "Thomas & Sarah is a British drama series that aired on ITV in 1979. A spin-off from the BAFTA Award-winning series \"Upstairs, Downstairs\", it stars John Alderton and Pauline Collins reprising their \"Upstairs, Downstairs\" roles.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Second British Invasion",
"paragraph_text": "During the Second British Invasion, established British acts such as Queen, David Bowie, Paul McCartney, Phil Collins, Rod Stewart and Elton John saw their popularity increase; a few acts that dated to the era of the original British Invasion, including George Harrison, Eddy Grant, The Hollies and The Moody Blues, had their last major hits in this time frame. Counting his work with Genesis, Collins had more top 40 hits on the Billboard Hot 100 chart during the 1980s than any other artist.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Andrew J. Offutt",
"paragraph_text": "Andrew Jefferson Offutt (August 16, 1934 – April 30, 2013) was an American science fiction and fantasy author. He wrote as Andrew J. Offutt, A. J. Offutt, and Andy Offutt. His normal byline, andrew j. offutt, has all his name in lower-case letters. He also wrote erotica under seventeen different pseudonyms, principally John Cleve, John Denis, Jeff Morehead, and Turk Winter. He is the father of novelist Chris Offutt and professor Jeff Offutt.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "John von Neumann Award",
"paragraph_text": "The John von Neumann Award, named after John von Neumann is given annually by the Rajk László College for Advanced Studies (Budapest, Hungary), to an outstanding scholar in the exact social sciences, whose works have had substantial influence over a long period of time on the studies and intellectual activity of the students of the college. The award was established in 1994 and is given annually. In 2013, separately from the annual prize, Kenneth J. Arrow was given the Honorary John von Neumann Award.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "John J. Pershing General of the Armies",
"paragraph_text": "John J. Pershing General of the Armies, is a public artwork by American artist Robert White, located at Pershing Park in Washington, D.C., United States. John J. Pershing General of the Armies was originally surveyed as part of the Smithsonian's Save Outdoor Sculpture! survey in 1994. The monument is a tribute to United States Army general John J. Pershing.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Armed Forces' Pay Review Body",
"paragraph_text": "The Armed Forces' Pay Review Body is a United Kingdom non-departmental public body (and a Review Body) established to review and recommend the pay and terms and conditions of employment of the British armed forces. It is funded by the Ministry of Defence, and the Office of Manpower Economics provides the Review Body with an independent Secretariat.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Somerset",
"paragraph_text": "Towns such as Castle Cary and Frome grew around the medieval weaving industry. Street developed as a centre for the production of woollen slippers and, later, boots and shoes, with C. & J. Clark establishing its headquarters in the town. C&J Clark's shoes are no longer manufactured there as the work was transferred to lower-wage areas, such as China and Asia. Instead, in 1993, redundant factory buildings were converted to form Clarks Village, the first purpose-built factory outlet in the UK. C&J Clark also had shoe factories, at one time at Bridgwater, Minehead, Westfield and Weston super Mare to provide employment outside the main summer tourist season, but those satellite sites were closed in the late 1980s, before the main site at Street. Dr. Martens shoes were also made in Somerset, by the Northampton-based R. Griggs Group, using redundant skilled shoemakers from C&J Clark; that work has also been transferred to Asia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Canadian Human Rights Commission",
"paragraph_text": "The Canadian Human Rights Commission (CHRC) was established in 1977 by the government of Canada. It is empowered under the \"Canadian Human Rights Act\" to investigate and try to settle complaints of discrimination in employment and in the provision of services within federal jurisdiction. The CHRC is also empowered under the \"Employment Equity Act\" to ensure that federally regulated employers provide equal opportunities for four designated groups: women, Aboriginal people, the disabled and visible minorities. The CHRC helps enforce these human rights and inform the general public and employers of these rights.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Judgment Deferred",
"paragraph_text": "Judgment Deferred is a 1952 British drama film directed by John Baxter and starring Joan Collins, Hugh Sinclair, Helen Shingler and Abraham Sofaer. The film is a remake of the director's earlier film, \"Doss House\" (1933).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "A Strange Transgressor",
"paragraph_text": "Directed by Reginald Barker and produced by Thomas H. Ince, the screenplay was adapted by J. G. Hawks from the story by John Lynch.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Adult contemporary music",
"paragraph_text": "Mainstream AC itself has evolved in a similar fashion over the years; traditional AC artists like Barbra Streisand, the Carpenters, Dionne Warwick, Barry Manilow, John Denver, and Olivia Newton-John found it harder to have major Top 40 hits as the 1980s wore on, and due to the influence of MTV, artists who were staples of the Contemporary Hit Radio format, such as Richard Marx, Michael Jackson, Bonnie Tyler, George Michael, Phil Collins, and Laura Branigan began crossing over to the AC charts with greater frequency. Collins has been described by AllMusic as \"one of the most successful pop and adult contemporary singers of the '80s and beyond\". However, with the combination of MTV and AC radio, adult contemporary appeared harder to define as a genre, with established soft-rock artists of the past still charting pop hits and receiving airplay alongside mainstream radio fare from newer artists at the time.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "The Light of Happiness",
"paragraph_text": "The Light of Happiness is a lost 1916 silent film drama directed by John H. Collins and starring Viola Dana.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "John J. Collins",
"paragraph_text": "John J. Collins (born 1946) is the Holmes Professor of Old Testament Criticism & Interpretation at Yale Divinity School. He is noted for his research in the Hebrew Bible, as well as the apocryphal works of the Second Temple period including the sectarian works found in Dead Sea Scrolls and their relation to Christian origins. Collins has published and edited over 300 scholarly works, and a number of popular level articles and books. Among his best known works are the \"Between Athens and Jerusalem: Jewish Identity in the Hellenistic Diaspora\" (New York: Crossroad, 1983); \"Daniel\" in the Hermeneia commentary series (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1993); \"The Scepter and the Star. The Messiahs of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Other Ancient Literature\" (New York: Doubleday, 1995); and \"The Bible after Babel: Historical Criticism in a Postmodern Age\" (Grand Rapids, Eerdmans, 2005).",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "WorkCover Authority of New South Wales",
"paragraph_text": "The WorkCover Authority of New South Wales or WorkCover NSW is a New South Wales Government agency established in 1989. The agency creates regulations to promote productive, healthy and safe workplaces for workers and employers in New South Wales. The agency formed part of the Safety, Return to Work and Support Division established pursuant to the Safety, Return to Work and Support Board Act, 2012 (NSW).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "BioEssays",
"paragraph_text": "The journal was established in December 1984 by founding editor-in-chief William J. Whelan under the auspices of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Adam S. Wilkins became editor in January 1990. Originally published by ICSU Press and The Company of Biologists, \"BioEssays\" has been published by John Wiley & Sons since January 1998. Andrew Moore became editor-in-chief in August 2008.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "The Wayward Bus (film)",
"paragraph_text": "The Wayward Bus is a 1957 drama film directed by Victor Vicas and starring Joan Collins, Jayne Mansfield, Dan Dailey and Rick Jason. Released by 20th Century Fox, the film was based on the 1947 novel of the same name by John Steinbeck.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | When was the employer of John J. Collins established? | [
{
"id": 465230,
"question": "John J. Collins >> employer",
"answer": "Yale Divinity School",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 21416,
"question": "When was #1 established?",
"answer": "1822",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | 1822 | [] | true | 0 | 5 |
2hop__446183_21489 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Kaskitayo, Edmonton",
"paragraph_text": "Kaskitayo is a residential area in the southwest portion of the City of Edmonton in Alberta, Canada. It was established in 1973 through Edmonton City Council's adoption of the Kaskitayo Outline Plan, which guides the overall development of the area.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "The Antioch Review",
"paragraph_text": "The Antioch Review is an American literary magazine established in 1941 at Antioch College in Ohio. The magazine is published on a quarterly basis. One of the oldest continuously published literary magazines in the United States, it publishes fiction, essays, and poetry from both emerging and established authors.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "University of Notre Dame",
"paragraph_text": "All of Notre Dame's undergraduate students are a part of one of the five undergraduate colleges at the school or are in the First Year of Studies program. The First Year of Studies program was established in 1962 to guide incoming freshmen in their first year at the school before they have declared a major. Each student is given an academic advisor from the program who helps them to choose classes that give them exposure to any major in which they are interested. The program also includes a Learning Resource Center which provides time management, collaborative learning, and subject tutoring. This program has been recognized previously, by U.S. News & World Report, as outstanding.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Chester Hills",
"paragraph_text": "Chester Hills was author of \"The Builder's Guide\", an architectural pattern book published in 1846, which, like those of Minard Lafever, influenced architecture in the United States. It is a \"practical treatise\" on Greek and Roman style architecture.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "The Times",
"paragraph_text": "This 164-page monthly magazine is sold separately from the newspaper of record and is Britain's best-selling travel magazine. The first issue of The Sunday Times Travel Magazine was in 2003, and it includes news, features and insider guides.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Journal of Diversity in Higher Education",
"paragraph_text": "The Journal of Diversity in Higher Education is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the American Psychological Association on behalf of the National Association of Diversity Officers in Higher Education. The journal, established in 2008, \"offers research findings, theory, and promising practices to help guide the efforts of institutions of higher education in the pursuit of inclusive excellence.\" The current editor-in-chief is Kimberly A. Griffin of the University of Maryland, College Park.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Michelin Guide",
"paragraph_text": "Michelin Guides (French: Guide Michelin (ɡid miʃ. lɛ̃)) are a series of guide books published by the French tyre company Michelin for more than a century. The term normally refers to the annually published Michelin Red Guide, the oldest European hotel and restaurant reference guide, which awards up to three Michelin stars for excellence to a select few establishments. The acquisition or loss of a star can have dramatic effects on the success of a restaurant. Michelin also publishes a series of general guides to cities, regions, and countries, the Green Guides.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Philip Hallie",
"paragraph_text": "Philip Paul Hallie (1922–1994) was an author, philosopher and professor at Wesleyan University for 32 years. During World War II he served in the US Army. His degrees were from Harvard, Oxford (where he was a Rhodes Scholar at Jesus College from 1949 to 1951) and Grinnell College.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "The Oxford College of Pharmacy",
"paragraph_text": "The Oxford College of Pharmacy is a private college run under The Oxford Educational Institutions, which is the academic arms of the Children's Education Society in Bangalore, Karnataka, India. The Oxford College of Pharmacy was established in 1992. Over a period of years, the college has produced Pharmacists who are serving the profession by working in fields of Pharmacy like marketing, R&D, production, and academics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Brennan torpedo",
"paragraph_text": "The Brennan torpedo was a torpedo patented by Irish-born Australian inventor Louis Brennan in 1877. It was propelled by two contra-rotating propellors that were spun by rapidly pulling out wires from drums wound inside the torpedo. Differential speed on the wires connected to the shore station allowed the torpedo to be guided to its target, up to away, at speeds of up to .",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Derek Croxton",
"paragraph_text": "Derek Croxton is an American academic specialized in history. He authored several articles on military and diplomatic aspects of the Thirty Years' War. Croxton wrote \"\". He also worked as Adjunct Professor at Madonna College and has taught at Ohio State University and at Columbus State Community College.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Summit Christian College",
"paragraph_text": "Summit Christian College, based in Gering, Nebraska, United States, was established in 1951 in Scottsbluff, Nebraska as Platte Valley Bible College. Accredited by the Association for Biblical Higher Learning (ABHE), Summit Christian College offers on-campus and distance education programs leading to bachelor (four-year), associate (two-year) and certificate (one-year) degrees in Christian Studies, Ministry Studies, Biblical Studies with emphasis on language and/or missions, and Christian Foundations. The college is historically affiliated with non-denominational, Christian churches and churches of Christ of the Restoration Movement.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Ross O'Carroll-Kelly's Guide to (South) Dublin",
"paragraph_text": "Ross O'Carroll-Kelly's Guide to (South) Dublin: How To Get By On, Like, €10,000 A Day is a 2008 faux-travel guide by Irish journalist and author Paul Howard, as part of the Ross O'Carroll-Kelly series. It takes the form of a tourist guide to South Dublin, written by Ross and his friends.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "The Artist's Widow",
"paragraph_text": "The Artist's Widow is a novel written by British author Shena Mackay and first published in 1998 by Jonathan Cape. It is mentioned twice in the \"Bloomsbury Good Reading Guide\" (2003)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Manangorai",
"paragraph_text": "Manangorai is a village in the Thanjavur taluk of Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India. It is the only village inside Thanjavur to have an Engineering college.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Joe Leydon",
"paragraph_text": "Joseph Patrick Michael \"Joe\" Leydon (born August 22, 1952) is an American film critic and historian. A critic and correspondent for \"Variety\" since 1990, he is the author of \"Joe Leydon's Guide to Essential Movies You Must See\" (Michael Wiese Productions), and was a contributing critic for \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\". He is also a founding member of Houston Film Critics Society and a senior writer for \"Cowboys & Indians Magazine\". Since 2001, Leydon has been an instructor at Houston Community College and the Jack J. Valenti School of Communication at University of Houston.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Ellen Schulz Quillin",
"paragraph_text": "Ellen Dorothy Schulz Quillin (June 16, 1892 – May 6, 1970) was an American botanist, author, and museum director who helped establish the Witte Museum in San Antonio, Texas. She was the museum's director from 1926 to 1960. Quillin also wrote several field guides relating to plants in Texas.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "The Insider's Guide to the Colleges",
"paragraph_text": "The Insider's Guide to the Colleges is a college educational guide which has been published annually by the student editorial staff of the \"Yale Daily News\" for over four decades. It provides insight to prospective undergraduate students using first-hand accounts of attending students as well as an overview of the admissions process.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Yale University",
"paragraph_text": "The university hosts a variety of student journals, magazines, and newspapers. Established in 1872, The Yale Record is the world's oldest humor magazine. Newspapers include the Yale Daily News, which was first published in 1878, and the weekly Yale Herald, which was first published in 1986. Dwight Hall, an independent, non-profit community service organization, oversees more than 2,000 Yale undergraduates working on more than 70 community service initiatives in New Haven. The Yale College Council runs several agencies that oversee campus wide activities and student services. The Yale Dramatic Association and Bulldog Productions cater to the theater and film communities, respectively. In addition, the Yale Drama Coalition serves to coordinate between and provide resources for the various Sudler Fund sponsored theater productions which run each weekend. WYBC Yale Radio is the campus's radio station, owned and operated by students. While students used to broadcast on AM & FM frequencies, they now have an Internet-only stream.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory",
"paragraph_text": "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory is a 1964 children's novel by British author Roald Dahl. The story features the adventures of young Charlie Bucket inside the chocolate factory of eccentric chocolatier Willy Wonka.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | In what year was the author of The Insider's Guide to the Colleges established? | [
{
"id": 446183,
"question": "The Insider's Guide to the Colleges >> author",
"answer": "Yale Daily News",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 21489,
"question": "In what year was #1 established?",
"answer": "1878",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | 1878 | [] | true | 0 | 5 |
2hop__7483_160863 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Royal Institute of British Architects",
"paragraph_text": "RIBA Visiting Boards continue to assess courses for exemption from the RIBA's examinations in architecture. Under arrangements made in 2011 the validation criteria are jointly held by the RIBA and the Architects Registration Board, but unlike the ARB, the RIBA also validates courses outside the UK.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Utah Attorney General",
"paragraph_text": "The Attorney General of Utah is an elected constitutional officer in the executive branch of the state government of Utah. The attorney general is the chief legal officer and legal adviser in the state. The office is elected, with a term of four years.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Royal Institute of British Architects",
"paragraph_text": "Its services include RIBA Insight, RIBA Appointments, and RIBA Publishing. It publishes the RIBA Product Selector and RIBA Journal. In Newcastle is the NBS, the National Building Specification, which has 130 staff and deals with the building regulations and the Construction Information Service. RIBA Bookshops, which operates online and at 66 Portland Place, is also part of RIBA Enterprises.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Archdeacon of Cambridge",
"paragraph_text": "The Archdeacon of Cambridge is a senior ecclesiastical officer in the Diocese of Ely. The archdeacon is responsible for some clergy discipline and pastoral care in the Archdeaconry of Cambridge.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Legislature of the Virgin Islands",
"paragraph_text": "The Legislature of the Virgin Islands is the territorial legislature of the United States Virgin Islands. The legislative branch of the unincorporated U.S. territory is unicameral, with a single house consisting of 15 senators, elected to two-year terms without term limits. The territorial legislature meets in the capital of Charlotte Amalie on the island of St. Thomas.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Royal Institute of British Architects",
"paragraph_text": "The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (1986) has a section on the \"Statutory registration of architects\" with a bibliography extending from a draft bill of 1887 to one of 1969. The Guide's section on \"Education\" records the setting up in 1904 of the RIBA Board of Architectural Education, and the system by which any school which applied for recognition, whose syllabus was approved by the Board and whose examinations were conducted by an approved external examiner, and whose standard of attainment was guaranteed by periodical inspections by a \"Visiting Board\" from the BAE, could be placed on the list of \"recognized schools\" and its successful students could qualify for exemption from RIBA examinations.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Women's Boat Race",
"paragraph_text": "The course covers a 4.2 miles (6.8 km) stretch of the Thames in West London, from Putney to Mortlake. Members of both crews are traditionally known as blues and each boat as a ``Blue Boat '', with Cambridge in light blue and Oxford dark blue. As of 2018 Cambridge have won the race 43 times and Oxford 30 times. Cambridge has led Oxford in cumulative wins since 1966. The women's race has received television coverage and grown in popularity since 2015, attracting a television audience of 4.8 million viewers that year. The 2018 race was won by Cambridge by around seven lengths.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Bank Saderat Iran",
"paragraph_text": "Bank Saderat Iran has around 3,500 offices in 12 countries and territories across Europe, the Middle East and Asia, and around 10 million customers. As of 30 June 2013, it had total assets of $59.110 billion. BSI has 28 international branches and services in 12 countries. BSI has a primary listing on the Tehran Stock Exchange.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Modern Asian Studies",
"paragraph_text": "Modern Asian Studies is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal in the field of Asian studies, published by Cambridge University Press. The journal was established in 1967 by the Syndics of the University of Cambridge and the Committee of Directors at the Centre of South Asian Studies (CSAS), a joint initiative among SOAS University of London, University of Cambridge, University of Hull, University of Leeds, and University of Sheffield. The journal covers the history, sociology, economics, and culture of modern Asia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Royal Institute of British Architects",
"paragraph_text": "The British Architectural Library, sometimes referred to as the RIBA Library, was established in 1834 upon the founding of the institute with donations from members. Now, with over four million items, it is one of the three largest architectural libraries in the world and the largest in Europe. Some items from the collections are on permanent display at the Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A) in the V&A + RIBA Architecture Gallery and included in temporary exhibitions at the RIBA and across Europe and North America. Its collections include:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "United States federal civil service",
"paragraph_text": "According to the Office of Personnel Management, as of December 2011, there were approximately 2.79 million civil servants employed by the U.S. government. This includes employees in the departments and agencies run by any of the three branches government (the executive branch, legislative branch, and judicial branch), such as over 600,000 employees in the U.S. Postal Service.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Royal Institute of British Architects",
"paragraph_text": "Since 2004, through the V&A + RIBA Architecture Partnership, the RIBA and V&A have worked together to promote the understanding and enjoyment of architecture.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "East of England",
"paragraph_text": "The East of England is one of nine official regions of England at the first level of NUTS for statistical purposes. It was created in 1994 and was adopted for statistics from 1999. It includes the ceremonial counties of Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Essex, Hertfordshire, Norfolk and Suffolk. Essex has the highest population in the region.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "The Cambridge History of Iran",
"paragraph_text": "The Cambridge History of Iran is a multi-volume survey of Iranian history published by Cambridge University Press. The seven volumes cover \"the history and historical geography of the land which is present-day Iran, as well as other territories inhabited by peoples of Iranian descent, from prehistoric times up to the present.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "United States federal civil service",
"paragraph_text": "According to the Office of Personnel Management, as of December 2011, there were approximately 2.79 million civil servants employed by the U.S. government. This includes employees in the departments and agencies run by any of the three branches of government (the executive branch, legislative branch, and judicial branch), such as over 600,000 employees in the U.S. Postal Service.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Mioara Mantale",
"paragraph_text": "Between 1996 and 2005, Mioara Mantale worked as a Law Adviser for the International Bank of Religions branch in Iaşi, and later for the central offices of Bancorex, Allianz Romania, and a stock broker firm in Bucharest. In 2000, she was elected to the General Council of Bucharest, serving as member of its Judicial and Economic Committee until 2002. In 2002-2004, she was a civil society representative on the Bucharest Territorial Authority for Public Order. Reelected to the General Council in 2004, Mantale was its President until 2005, while serving as President of the Territorial Authority, before being appointed Prefect. In August 2007, she was dismissed from her office, being instead appointed Subprefect of Bucharest. She was dismissed from that office in July 2010, being named a government inspector.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "The Boat Race",
"paragraph_text": "The course covers a 4.2 - mile (6.8 km) stretch of the Thames in West London, from Putney to Mortlake. Members of both teams are traditionally known as blues and each boat as a ``Blue Boat '', with Cambridge in light blue and Oxford dark blue. As of 2018, Cambridge has won the men's race 83 times and Oxford 80 times, with one dead heat. Cambridge has led Oxford in cumulative wins since 1930. In the women's race, Cambridge have won the race 43 times and Oxford 30 times. Cambridge has led Oxford in cumulative wins since 1966. A reserve boat race has been held since 1965 for the men and 1966 for the women.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Royal Institute of British Architects",
"paragraph_text": "The Institute also maintains a dozen regional offices around the United Kingdom, it opened its first regional office for the East of England at Cambridge in 1966.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Nikita Petrovich Panin",
"paragraph_text": "Count Nikita Petrovich Panin (Russian: Ники́та Петро́вич Па́нин) (1770–1837), a Russian diplomat, vice-chancellor, State Chancellor 6 October 1799 – 18 November 1800 (acting) and Foreign Minister of Russia. He was a nephew of Count Nikita Ivanovich Panin, son of Petr Ivanovich Panin, son-in-law of Count . Nikita P. Panin plotted the assassination of Paul I of Russia together with Count Peter Ludwig von der Pahlen and the Russo-Neapolitan Admiral José de Ribas. Ribas died before the assassination, which was actually carried out on 23 March [O.S. 11 March] 1801 by a band of dismissed officers headed by General Bennigsen, a Hanoverian in the Russian service, and General Yashvil, a Georgian. The assassination brought Alexander I of Russia to the throne.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Royal Institute of British Architects",
"paragraph_text": "RIBA Enterprises is the commercial arm of RIBA, with a registered office in Newcastle upon Tyne, a base at 15 Bonhill Street in London, and an office in Newark. It employs over 250 staff, approximately 180 of whom are based in Newcastle.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | When was the territory covered by RIBA's Cambridge branch office created? | [
{
"id": 7483,
"question": "What territory did RIBA's Cambridge branch office cover?",
"answer": "the East of England",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 160863,
"question": "When was #1 birthed?",
"answer": "1994",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | 1994 | [] | true | 0 | 5 |
2hop__607476_26791 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Bill Cosby Sings Hooray for the Salvation Army Band!",
"paragraph_text": "Bill Cosby Sings Hooray for the Salvation Army Band! (1968) is the seventh album by Bill Cosby. This was his second studio album to feature his singing, and features less serious renditions (often with satirical lyrics written or improvised by Cosby) of then-current rock and soul hits. As on his previous, debut music album \"\", he is backed by the Watts 103rd Street Rhythm Band.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Moon River",
"paragraph_text": "Mercer and Mancini wrote the song for Audrey Hepburn to sing in the film Breakfast at Tiffany's. The lyrics, written by Mercer, are reminiscent of his childhood in Savannah, Georgia, including its waterways. As a child, he had picked huckleberries in summer, and connected them with a carefree childhood and Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn. Although an instrumental version is played over the film's opening titles, the lyrics are first heard in a scene where Paul ``Fred ''Varjak (George Peppard) discovers Holly Golightly (Hepburn) singing the song, and accompanying herself on the guitar, while sitting on the fire escape outside their apartments.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Beyoncé",
"paragraph_text": "Beyoncé attended St. Mary's Elementary School in Fredericksburg, Texas, where she enrolled in dance classes. Her singing talent was discovered when dance instructor Darlette Johnson began humming a song and she finished it, able to hit the high-pitched notes. Beyoncé's interest in music and performing continued after winning a school talent show at age seven, singing John Lennon's \"Imagine\" to beat 15/16-year-olds. In fall of 1990, Beyoncé enrolled in Parker Elementary School, a music magnet school in Houston, where she would perform with the school's choir. She also attended the High School for the Performing and Visual Arts and later Alief Elsik High School. Beyoncé was also a member of the choir at St. John's United Methodist Church as a soloist for two years.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Carnival",
"paragraph_text": "The most famous groups are the chirigotas, choirs and comparsas. The chirigotas are well known witty, satiric popular groups who sing about politics, new times and household topics, wearing the same costume, which they prepare for the whole year. The Choirs (coros) are wider groups that go on open carts through the streets singing with an orchestra of guitars and lutes. Their signature piece is the \"Carnival Tango\", alternating comical and serious repertory. The comparsas are the serious counterpart of the chirigota in Cádiz, and the poetic lyrics and the criticism are their main ingredients. They have a more elaborated polyphony that is easily recognizable by the typical countertenor voice.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Northwestern University",
"paragraph_text": "Northwestern's School of Communication has been especially fruitful in the number of actors, actresses, playwrights, and film and television writers and directors it has produced. Alumni who have made their mark on film and television include Ann-Margret, Warren Beatty, Jodie Markell, Paul Lynde, David Schwimmer, Anne Dudek, Zach Braff, Zooey Deschanel, Marg Helgenberger, Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Jerry Orbach, Jennifer Jones, Megan Mullally, John Cameron Mitchell, Dermot Mulroney, Charlton Heston, Richard Kind, Ana Gasteyer, Brad Hall, Shelley Long, William Daniels, Cloris Leachman, Bonnie Bartlett, Paula Prentiss, Richard Benjamin, Laura Innes, Charles Busch, Stephanie March, Tony Roberts, Jeri Ryan, Kimberly Williams-Paisley, McLean Stevenson, Tony Randall, Charlotte Rae, Paul Lynde, Patricia Neal, Nancy Dussault, Robert Reed, Mara Brock Akil, Greg Berlanti, Bill Nuss, Dusty Kay, Dan Shor, Seth Meyers, Frank DeCaro, Zach Gilford, Nicole Sullivan, Stephen Colbert, Sandra Seacat and Garry Marshall. Directors who were graduated from Northwestern include Gerald Freedman, Stuart Hagmann, Marshall W. Mason, and Mary Zimmerman. Lee Phillip Bell hosted a talk show in Chicago from 1952 to 1986 and co-created the Daytime Emmy Award-winning soap operas The Young and the Restless in 1973 and The Bold and the Beautiful in 1987. Alumni such as Sheldon Harnick, Stephanie D'Abruzzo, Heather Headley, Kristen Schaal, Lily Rabe, and Walter Kerr have distinguished themselves on Broadway, as has designer Bob Mackie. Amsterdam-based comedy theater Boom Chicago was founded by Northwestern alumni, and the school has become a training ground for future The Second City, I.O., ComedySportz, Mad TV and Saturday Night Live talent. Tam Spiva wrote scripts for The Brady Bunch and Gentle Ben. In New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago, the number of Northwestern alumni involved in theater, film, and television is so large that a perception has formed that there's such a thing as a \"Northwestern mafia.\"",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Harriet Spicer",
"paragraph_text": "She lived in Chelsea prior to attending Lillsden School for Girls and then Benenden School. In 1968 she spent some time working for Richard Branson's \"Student\" magazine. She went on to graduate from St Anne's College, Oxford University.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Gavrik Losey",
"paragraph_text": "Gavrik was born in New York, the son of film director Joseph Losey and fashion designer Elizabeth Hawes. He attended the Little Red SchoolHouse in Manhattan, Poughkeepsie Day School in Poughkeepsie, and high school in New Jersey. After graduating, he travelled with his blacklisted father to England where he attended University College London.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Jennifer Morrison",
"paragraph_text": "Morrison was born in Chicago, Illinois, and grew up in Arlington Heights, Illinois. She is the oldest of three children; her sister, Julia, is a singer-songwriter and music therapist, and her brother, Daniel, is a high school band director. Her father, David L. Morrison, is a retired music teacher and high school band director who was named Teacher of the Year by the Illinois State Board of Education in 2003.Morrison attended South Middle School, and then graduated from Prospect High School (where her parents worked) in 1997. She was friends with writer Ian Brennan. She was an All-State clarinet player in the school's marching band, sang in the choir, and was a cheerleader in the school pep squad. She attended Loyola University Chicago, where she majored in Theatre and minored in English, graduating in 2000. She studied at the Steppenwolf Theatre Company before moving to Los Angeles, California to pursue a career in acting.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Kenneth Sandford",
"paragraph_text": "Kenneth Sandford was born Kenneth Parkin in Godalming, Surrey and raised in Sheffield, where his father became landlord of a pub. Sandford hoped to be an artist, studying painting at the College of Arts and Crafts in Sheffield, where he won a scholarship to the Royal College of Art in London. After he returned from service in the Royal Air Force during World War II, he attended that college, but he took up singing and became intrigued by the theatre. He began to perform in musicals, concerts and oratorios and switched to opera school. At this time he adopted his mother's maiden name as his professional surname, believing that Parkin \"hardly rang with theatrical overtones.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Mowsley",
"paragraph_text": "The Church of England School in Mowsley was built in 1864, but there had been a Sunday school in the village from 1833, which was attended by 17 boys and 22 girls. By 1871 there were 18 boys and 18 girls who attended the new school and in 1872 a school committee was formed who assumed responsibility for the ongoing management of the school, which had previously been the remit of the rector and the Churchwardens. A school mistress was also appointed in this year at a salary of £22 10s a year. In 1892, the cost of the general management and upkeep of the school was £64. The number of pupils two years later was just 16. In 1900 the school attendance had increased to 22, due to the closure of Laughton school and the subsequent transfer of its students to Mowsley. In 1923 it was decided that children over the age of 11 would attend the 'senior top' at Husbands Bosworth National School, however this was a fairly short lived arrangement, because the 'senior top' closed in 1930, transferring all senior pupils to Church Langton. The school in Mowsley continued as a junior school for the Mowsley and Laughton districts and in 1933 it had 35 pupils in attendance. The junior school eventually came under the jurisdiction of the local authority and by 1958, it had an attendance of 22.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Rosemary Clooney Sings the Lyrics of Ira Gershwin",
"paragraph_text": "Rosemary Clooney Sings the Lyrics of Ira Gershwin is a 1979 album by Rosemary Clooney, of songs with lyrics by Ira Gershwin.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "A Grand Night for Singing",
"paragraph_text": "A Grand Night for Singing is a musical revue showcasing the music of Richard Rodgers and the lyrics of Oscar Hammerstein II.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Fulton County School System",
"paragraph_text": "As of the 2012 - 2013 school year, Fulton has 11,500 full - time employees, including 7,500 teachers and other certified personnel, who work in 99 schools and 15 administrative and support buildings. Approximately 94,000 students attend classes in 58 elementary schools, 19 middle schools, 15 high schools, and seven charter schools.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "A Time for Singing",
"paragraph_text": "A Time for Singing is a musical with music by John Morris, lyrics by Gerald Freedman and John Morris, and a book by Freedman and Morris. The work was based on Richard Llewellyn's novel of a Welsh mining village, \"How Green Was My Valley\". The show takes place in the memory of Protestant minister David Griffith, recalling conflict within the Morgan family over the possible formation of a miners' union within the village, and the romance between Griffith himself and Angharad of the Morgans, who ultimately marries the mine owner instead.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Benjamin Franklin",
"paragraph_text": "Josiah wanted Ben to attend school with the clergy, but only had enough money to send him to school for two years. He attended Boston Latin School but did not graduate; he continued his education through voracious reading. Although \"his parents talked of the church as a career\" for Franklin, his schooling ended when he was ten. He worked for his father for a time, and at 12 he became an apprentice to his brother James, a printer, who taught Ben the printing trade. When Ben was 15, James founded The New-England Courant, which was the first truly independent newspaper in the colonies.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "A cappella",
"paragraph_text": "The reasons for the strong Swedish dominance are as explained by Richard Sparks manifold; suffice to say here that there is a long-standing tradition, an unsusually large proportion of the populations (5% is often cited) regularly sing in choirs, the Swedish choral director Eric Ericson had an enormous impact on a cappella choral development not only in Sweden but around the world, and finally there are a large number of very popular primary and secondary schools (music schools) with high admission standards based on auditions that combine a rigid academic regimen with high level choral singing on every school day, a system that started with Adolf Fredrik's Music School in Stockholm in 1939 but has spread over the country.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "History of education in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "By 1900, 34 states had compulsory schooling laws; four were in the South. 30 states with compulsory schooling laws required attendance until age 14 (or higher). As a result, by 1910, 72 percent of American children attended school. Half the nation's children attended one - room schools. In 1918, every state required students to complete elementary school.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Vocal jazz",
"paragraph_text": "Vocal jazz or jazz singing is an instrumental approach to the voice, where the singer can match the instruments in their stylistic approach to the lyrics, improvised or otherwise, or through scat singing; that is, the use of non-morphemic syllables to imitate the sound of instruments.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Gurcharan Das",
"paragraph_text": "Gurcharan Das graduated with honours from Harvard University in Philosophy. He was later attended Harvard Business School (AMP), where he is featured in three case studies. He was CEO of Procter & Gamble India and later managing director, Procter & Gamble Worldwide (Strategic Planning). At age 50, he took early retirement to become a full-time writer.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Candace Smith",
"paragraph_text": "Smith attended the University of Dayton on a full academic scholarship and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology and a minor in Communications. During this time, she completed a Communications and Marketing program at the University of London. Smith attended law school at Northwestern University School of Law in Chicago. After passing the Ohio Bar exam in 2002, she began practicing commercial real estate law at the largest law firm in Ohio. During this time, she won the title of Miss Ohio USA.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Where did the director who provided the lyrics to A Time for Singing attend school? | [
{
"id": 607476,
"question": "A Time for Singing >> lyrics by",
"answer": "Gerald Freedman",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 26791,
"question": "Where did director #1 attend school?",
"answer": "Northwestern's School of Communication",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] | Northwestern's School of Communication | [] | true | 0 | 5 |
2hop__79482_65123 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 14)",
"paragraph_text": "Grey's Anatomy (season 14) Promotional poster Starring Ellen Pompeo Justin Chambers Chandra Wilson James Pickens, Jr. Kevin McKidd Jessica Capshaw Sarah Drew Jesse Williams Caterina Scorsone Camilla Luddington Kelly McCreary Jason George Martin Henderson Giacomo Gianniotti Country of origin United States No. of episodes 24 Release Original network ABC Original release September 28, 2017 (2017 - 09 - 28) -- May 17, 2018 (2018 - 05 - 17) Season chronology ← Previous Season 13 Next → Season 15 List of Grey's Anatomy episodes",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 11)",
"paragraph_text": "The eleventh season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy premiered on September 25, 2014 in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) and consists of 25 episodes. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with ShondaLand Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunner being Shonda Rhimes. The season commenced airing with the episode ``I Must Have Lost it on the Wind ''and concluded with the season finale`` You're My Home'' airing on May 14, 2015. The season was officially released on DVD as a six - disc boxset under the title of Grey's Anatomy: The Complete Eleventh Season -- Life Changes on August 18, 2015 by Buena Vista Home Entertainment.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Grey's Anatomy",
"paragraph_text": "Grey's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on March 27, 2005, on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) as a mid-season replacement. The fictional series focuses on the lives of surgical interns, residents, and attending physicians, as they develop into seasoned doctors while trying to maintain personal lives and relationships. The title is a play on Gray's Anatomy, a classic human anatomy textbook first published in 1858 in London and written by Henry Gray. Shonda Rhimes developed the pilot and continues to write for the series; she is also one of the executive producers, along with Betsy Beers, Mark Gordon, Krista Vernoff, Rob Corn, Mark Wilding, and Allan Heinberg. Although the series is set in Seattle (at the fictional Seattle Grace, later known as the Grey - Sloan Memorial Hospital), it is filmed primarily in Los Angeles, California. The show was originally titled Complications, a double - edged reference to both the complicated medical procedures and personal lives of the characters.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Richard Webber",
"paragraph_text": "Richard Webber, M.D. is a fictional character from the ABC medical drama television series \"Grey's Anatomy\". The character is portrayed by actor James Pickens, Jr., and was created by Shonda Rhimes. He was previously the Chief of Surgery at Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital for 11 years, and was replaced briefly by Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey) and later permanently by Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Amelia Shepherd",
"paragraph_text": "Amelia Shepherd, M.D. is a fictional character on the ABC American television medical drama Private Practice, and the spinoff series' progenitor show, Grey's Anatomy, portrayed by Caterina Scorsone. In her debut appearance in season three, Amelia visited her former sister - in - law, Addison Montgomery, and became a partner at the Oceanside Wellness Group. After Private Practice ended its run, Scorsone recurred on the tenth season of Grey's Anatomy, before becoming a series regular in season eleven.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Grey's Anatomy",
"paragraph_text": "On February 10, 2017, ABC renewed Grey's Anatomy for a fourteenth season, which will premiere in the fall of 2017. The series' success catapulted such long - running cast members as Pompeo, Dempsey and Oh to worldwide recognition; they were among the top five highest earning television actors in 2013.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Meredith Grey",
"paragraph_text": "Meredith Grey, M.D. is a fictional character from the medical drama television series Grey's Anatomy, which airs on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States. The character was created by series' producer Shonda Rhimes, and is portrayed by actress Ellen Pompeo. Meredith is the series' protagonist, and was introduced as a surgical intern at the fictional Seattle Grace Hospital (later Seattle Grace - Mercy West, and afterwards Grey Sloan Memorial), eventually obtaining the position of a resident, and later the position of an attending, and in 2015, attaining the Chief of General Surgery position. As the daughter of world - renowned surgeon Ellis Grey, Meredith struggles with the everyday life of being in a competitive profession, maintaining the relationship with her one - night stand and eventual husband Derek Shepherd (deceased), her motherhood, and her friendships with her colleagues.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 5)",
"paragraph_text": "The fifth season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy, created by Shonda Rhimes, commenced airing on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States on September 25, 2008 and concluded on May 14, 2009 with twenty - four aired episodes. The season follows the story of a group of surgeons as they go through their residency, while they also deal with the personal challenges and relationships with their mentors. Season five had thirteen series regulars with twelve of them returning from the previous season. The season aired in the Thursday night timeslot at 9: 00 pm. The season was officially released on DVD as seven - disc boxset under the title of Grey's Anatomy: The Complete Fifth Season -- More Moments on September 9, 2009 by Buena Vista Home Entertainment.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Mark Sloan (Grey's Anatomy)",
"paragraph_text": "Mark Everett Sloan, M.D., F.A.C.S. is a fictional character from ABC's medical drama television series Grey's Anatomy, portrayed by Eric Dane. Created by series producer Shonda Rhimes, the character was introduced in season two as Dr. Derek Shepherd's best friend who acted as the catalyst for the end of Shepherd's marriage when Shepherd caught Sloan sleeping with his wife, Dr. Addison Montgomery. Soon after moving to Seattle Grace Hospital as an attending specializing in plastic surgery to reconcile with Derek, Mark earned the nickname ``McSteamy ''for his good looks by the female interns. Mark's focal storyline in the series involved his romantic relationship with Dr. Lexie Grey. Both he and Lexie sustained life - threatening injuries after an aviation accident in the eighth season finale, which resulted in their deaths. Seattle Grace is later renamed Grey - Sloan Memorial Hospital in their memory.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Derek Shepherd",
"paragraph_text": "In season 11, Derek is involved in a fatal car accident while driving to the airport for his final trip to Washington. He is able to hear and process auditory input, but unable to speak. He is recognized by Winnie, one of the victims of a crash he assisted in earlier, who tells the surgeons that their patient's name is Derek and that he is a surgeon as well. The hospital he was taken to was understaffed and his head injury was not detected quickly enough by the interns on duty that night. Although the neurosurgeon on call is paged multiple times, he takes too long to arrive and Derek is declared brain dead. Police arrive at Meredith's door and take her to see Derek, where she consents to removing him from life support. At the time of his death, Meredith was pregnant with their third child. She gives birth to a daughter whom she names Ellis after her mother.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 14)",
"paragraph_text": "Grey's Anatomy (season 14) Promotional poster Starring Ellen Pompeo Justin Chambers Chandra Wilson James Pickens, Jr. Kevin McKidd Jessica Capshaw Sarah Drew Jesse Williams Caterina Scorsone Camilla Luddington Kelly McCreary Jason George Martin Henderson Giacomo Gianniotti Country of origin United States No. of episodes 24 Release Original network ABC Original release September 28, 2017 (2017 - 09 - 28) -- May 17, 2018 (2018 - 05 - 17) Season chronology ← Previous Season 13 List of Grey's Anatomy episodes",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Amelia Shepherd",
"paragraph_text": "Amelia Frances Shepherd, M.D. is a fictional character on the ABC American television medical drama \"Private Practice\", and the spinoff series' progenitor show, \"Grey's Anatomy\", portrayed by Caterina Scorsone. In her debut appearance in season three, Amelia visited her former sister-in-law, Addison Montgomery, and became a partner at the Oceanside Wellness Group. After \"Private Practice\" ended its run, Scorsone recurred on the tenth season of \"Grey's Anatomy\", before becoming a series regular in season eleven.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 11)",
"paragraph_text": "Not even a week after the Season 10 finale episode aired, the Grey's Anatomy team of writers began collaborating on ideas for Season 11 storylines. Shonda Rhimes tweeted that they were hard at work in the writing room, but would have the month of June off before coming back in full swing to write actual episodes. After the 4th of July weekend, Rhimes tweeted that the writers' room was once again buzzing, as the team had returned from vacation to start writing new episodes for Season 11. Camilla Luddington confirmed that the filming for the eleventh season would begin on July 25, 2014.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 4)",
"paragraph_text": "Grey's Anatomy (season 4) DVD cover art for the fourth season of Grey's Anatomy Starring Ellen Pompeo Sandra Oh Katherine Heigl Justin Chambers T.R. Knight Chandra Wilson James Pickens, Jr. Sara Ramirez Eric Dane Chyler Leigh Brooke Smith Patrick Dempsey Country of origin United States No. of episodes 17 Release Original network ABC Original release September 27, 2007 (2007 - 09 - 27) -- May 22, 2008 (2008 - 05 - 22) Season chronology ← Previous Season 3 Next → Season 5 List of Grey's Anatomy episodes",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "The Story (song)",
"paragraph_text": "``The Story ''is a song released as a single by American folk rock singer Brandi Carlile, written by Phil Hanseroth, from her 2007 album The Story. It was featured in Grey's Anatomy in 2007 and is on Grey's Anatomy Soundtrack album 3 (released September 11).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Derek Shepherd",
"paragraph_text": "Derek Shepherd Grey's Anatomy character Patrick Dempsey as Derek Shepherd in 2012 First appearance ``A Hard Day's Night ''(1.01) March 27, 2005 Last appearance`` You're My Home (Grey's Anatomy)'' (11.25) May 14, 2015 Created by Shonda Rhimes Portrayed by Patrick Dempsey Information Full name Derek Christopher Shepherd Nickname (s) McDreamy Occupation Attending neurosurgeon Member of the Board (former) Chief of Surgery (former) Head of Neurosurgery (former) Title M.D. F.A.C.S. Family Mr. Shepherd (father, deceased) Carolyn Maloney Shepherd (mother) Nancy Shepherd (sister) Kathleen ``Kate ''Shepherd (sister) Elizabeth`` Lizzie'' Shepherd (sister) Amelia Shepherd (sister) 9 unnamed nieces 6 unnamed nephews (one deceased) Spouse (s) Addison Montgomery (m. 1994; div. 2006) Meredith Grey (m. 2009 -- 2015) Significant other (s) Rose Children Zola Shepherd (daughter) Derek Bailey Shepherd (son) Ellis Shepherd (daughter) (with Meredith) certifications M.D. F.A.C.S",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 10)",
"paragraph_text": "Grey's Anatomy (season 10) DVD cover art for the tenth season of Grey's Anatomy Starring Ellen Pompeo Sandra Oh Justin Chambers Chandra Wilson James Pickens, Jr. Sara Ramirez Kevin McKidd Jessica Capshaw Sarah Drew Jesse Williams Camilla Luddington Gaius Charles Jerrika Hinton Tessa Ferrer Patrick Dempsey Country of origin United States No. of episodes 24 Release Original network ABC Original release September 26, 2013 (2013 - 09 - 26) -- May 15, 2014 (2014 - 05 - 15) Season chronology ← Previous Season 9 Next → Season 11 List of Grey's Anatomy episodes",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Didn't We Almost Have It All?",
"paragraph_text": "\"Didn't We Almost Have It All?\" is the third season finale and the 61st overall episode from the medical drama series, \"Grey's Anatomy\". The episode runs for 53:05 minutes, making it the longest episode of the series, excluding two-part episodes.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 9)",
"paragraph_text": "The ninth season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy began airing in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on September 27, 2012, with the season premiere Going, Going, Gone and consists of 24 episodes with the finale Perfect Storm airing on May 16, 2013. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunner being Shonda Rhimes. The season was officially released on DVD as a six - disc boxset under the title of Grey's Anatomy: The Complete Ninth Season - Everything Changes on August 27, 2013 by Buena Vista Home Entertainment.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Marika Domińczyk",
"paragraph_text": "Marika Domińczyk (/ doʊˈmiːntʃɪk / doh - MEEN - chik) is a Polish - American actress who became best known in the United States for her role as Dr. Eliza Minnick on Grey's Anatomy, which she originated in its thirteenth season.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | When was the season of Greys Anatomy when Derek died filmed? | [
{
"id": 79482,
"question": "what season did derek die in greys anatomy",
"answer": "In season 11",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 65123,
"question": "when was #1 of greys anatomy filmed",
"answer": "filming for the eleventh season would begin on July 25, 2014",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | filming for the eleventh season would begin on July 25, 2014 | [] | true | 0 | 5 |
2hop__1007_59746 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Whole Foods Market",
"paragraph_text": "As of 2015, founder John Mackey and Walter Robb were co-CEOs of the publicly traded company, with John Elstrott as chairman. In November 2016, the company announced that Walter Robb would be stepping down as co-CEO at the end of year and would remain with the company as a director. It became a Fortune 500 company in March 2005 and is the 30th largest retailer in the U.S., based on 2014 revenue.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "IPod Hi-Fi",
"paragraph_text": "iPod Hi-Fi is a speaker system that was developed and manufactured by Apple Inc. and was released on February 28, 2006, for use with any iPod digital music player. The iPod Hi-Fi retailed at the Apple Store for US$349 until its discontinuation on September 5, 2007.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Wilshire 5000",
"paragraph_text": "The Wilshire 5000 Total Market Index, or more simply the Wilshire 5000, is a market - capitalization - weighted index of the market value of all stocks actively traded in the United States. As of December 31, 2017, the index contained only 3,492 components. The index is intended to measure the performance of most publicly traded companies headquartered in the United States, with readily available price data, (Bulletin Board / penny stocks and stocks of extremely small companies are excluded). Hence, the index includes a majority of the common stocks and REITs traded primarily through New York Stock Exchange, NASDAQ, or the American Stock Exchange. Limited partnerships and ADRs are not included. It can be tracked by following the ticker ^ W5000.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "IPod",
"paragraph_text": "Many accessories have been made for the iPod line. A large number are made by third party companies, although many, such as the iPod Hi-Fi, are made by Apple. Some accessories add extra features that other music players have, such as sound recorders, FM radio tuners, wired remote controls, and audio/visual cables for TV connections. Other accessories offer unique features like the Nike+iPod pedometer and the iPod Camera Connector. Other notable accessories include external speakers, wireless remote controls, protective case, screen films, and wireless earphones. Among the first accessory manufacturers were Griffin Technology, Belkin, JBL, Bose, Monster Cable, and SendStation.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "IPod",
"paragraph_text": "The dock connector also allowed the iPod to connect to accessories, which often supplement the iPod's music, video, and photo playback. Apple sells a few accessories, such as the now-discontinued iPod Hi-Fi, but most are manufactured by third parties such as Belkin and Griffin. Some peripherals use their own interface, while others use the iPod's own screen. Because the dock connector is a proprietary interface, the implementation of the interface requires paying royalties to Apple.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Aspinal of London",
"paragraph_text": "Aspinal of London is a London designer, manufacturer and retailer of luxury leather goods and accessories for men and women.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Gaggia",
"paragraph_text": "The Gaggia company was founded in 1947 and formally incorporated in 1948. It first produced machines for commercial use, but shortly thereafter released the Gilda, its first home machine. The company continues to produce espresso machines (as well as accessories) from classic manual machines to the innovative semi-automatic and super-automatic models recently added to the line. As of 2010, all Gaggia espresso and coffee machines are still manufactured in Milan at the Robecco sul Naviglio factory. The 2015 Gaggia Classic was built in Romania instead. The New Gaggia Classic is made in Italy again and uses an alumin boiler.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Nike, Inc.",
"paragraph_text": "In 1976, the company hired John Brown and Partners, based in Seattle, as its first advertising agency. The following year, the agency created the first ``brand ad ''for Nike, called`` There is no finish line'', in which no Nike product was shown. By 1980, Nike had attained a 50% market share in the U.S. athletic shoe market, and the company went public in December of that year.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "IPod",
"paragraph_text": "On August 24, 2006, Apple and Creative announced a broad settlement to end their legal disputes. Apple will pay Creative US$100 million for a paid-up license, to use Creative's awarded patent in all Apple products. As part of the agreement, Apple will recoup part of its payment, if Creative is successful in licensing the patent. Creative then announced its intention to produce iPod accessories by joining the Made for iPod program.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Canopy Growth",
"paragraph_text": "A Carleton University grad, Linton took over as Chairman and CEO while Marc Wayne became the President. The company was the first federally regulated, publicly traded cannabis producer in North America, traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange as WEED. It began trading as CGC on the New York Stock Exchange on May 24, 2018, as the first cannabis producer on the NYSE. Until October 17, 2018 -- marijuana is legal in Canada only for medical purposes; until that time, growers are licensed by Health Canada under the Access to Cannabis for Medical Purposes Regulations (ACMPR). The company was described as ``one of the world's -- and Canada's first -- premier exporters of marijuana ''by the Financial Post news organization in December 2016.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Steel Heddle Manufacturing Company Complex",
"paragraph_text": "Steel Heddle Manufacturing Company Complex is a historic factory complex located in the Allegheny West neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The complex consists of four buildings: the Plant (1919, 1925-1927), Main Office (c. 1919-1922), Chrome Plating Building (1951), and Lumber Storage and Garage (1930). The Plan is a five-story, \"U\"-shaped, reinforced concrete building on a raised basement. The Steel Heddle Manufacturing Company manufactured heddles and other textile loom accessories. The Philadelphia plant remained in operation until 1983.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Bega Cheese",
"paragraph_text": "Bega Cheese is an Australian dairy company based in the town of Bega, New South Wales. Founded as an agricultural cooperative owned by their dairy suppliers, it became a public company in 2011 when it listed on the Australian Securities Exchange. Despite this, close to half of shares publicly traded are still held by Bega's farmer - suppliers. It is currently one of the largest dairy companies in Australia, with a valuation of around A $775 million (as of January 2017)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Hedgebrook (company)",
"paragraph_text": "Hedgebrook is an American publicly traded company listed on the OTC Bulletin Board and headquartered in Ashland, Oregon that focuses on mergers and acquisitions in various industries, including aerospace, consumer, energy and health care. The company was founded in 2004 and is chaired by Brady Brim-DeForest.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "MathStar",
"paragraph_text": "MathStar was an American, fabless semiconductor company based in Oregon. Founded in Minnesota in 1999, the company moved to the Portland metropolitan area where it remained until it completed a reverse merger with Sajan, Inc. in 2010. MathStar never made a profit after raising $137 million over the lifetime of the company, including via several stock offerings while the company was publicly traded on the NASDAQ market. The company's only product was a field programmable object array (FPOA) chip.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "IPod",
"paragraph_text": "On October 21, 2008, Apple reported that only 14.21% of total revenue for fiscal quarter 4 of year 2008 came from iPods. At the September 9, 2009 keynote presentation at the Apple Event, Phil Schiller announced total cumulative sales of iPods exceeded 220 million. The continual decline of iPod sales since 2009 has not been a surprising trend for the Apple corporation, as Apple CFO Peter Oppenheimer explained in June 2009: \"We expect our traditional MP3 players to decline over time as we cannibalize ourselves with the iPod Touch and the iPhone.\" Since 2009, the company's iPod sales have continually decreased every financial quarter and in 2013 a new model was not introduced onto the market.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Dow Jones Industrial Average",
"paragraph_text": "The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), or simply the Dow (/ ˈdaʊ /), is a stock market index that shows how 30 large, publicly owned companies based in the United States have traded during a standard trading session in the stock market. The value of the Dow is not a weighted arithmetic mean and does not represent its component companies' market capitalization, but rather the sum of the price of one share of stock for each component company. The sum is corrected by a factor which changes whenever one of the component stocks has a stock split or stock dividend, so as to generate a consistent value for the index.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "IPod Touch (6th generation)",
"paragraph_text": "The sixth - generation iPod Touch (stylized and marketed as the iPod touch, and colloquially known as the iPod touch 6G, iPod touch 6, or iPod touch (2015)) is a multipurpose pocket computer designed and marketed by Apple Inc. with a touchscreen - based user interface. It is the successor to the iPod Touch (5th generation), becoming the first major update to the iPod lineup in more than two and a half years. It was released on the online Apple Store on July 15, 2015, along with a new iPod Nano and iPod Shuffle, which received minor upgrades.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Hermle AG",
"paragraph_text": "Maschinenfabrik Berthold Hermle AG is a publicly traded German company with headquarters in Gosheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is one of the leading manufacturers of milling machines. There are over 20,000 Hermle-manufactured machines in use worldwide. The chief users are suppliers of medical technology, the optical industry, aviation, and the automotive industry and racing.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Alberta Wheat Pool",
"paragraph_text": "In 1998 Alberta Wheat Pool and Manitoba Pool Elevators merged to form Agricore Cooperative Limited. In 2001, United Grain Growers combined its business operations with Agricore Cooperative Ltd. and carried on business as Agricore United, a publicly traded company, no longer a farmer-owned cooperative. In 2007, Agricore United was taken over by the Saskatchewan Wheat Pool, another publicly traded company. The merged corporation was renamed Viterra.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "The New York Times",
"paragraph_text": "The paper is owned by The New York Times Company, which is publicly traded but primarily controlled by the Ochs - Sulzberger family through a dual - class share structure. It has been owned by the family since 1896; A.G. Sulzberger the paper's publisher and, his father, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. the company's chairman, is the fourth and fifth generation of the family to helm the paper.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | When did the manufacturer of a pedometer accessory for the iPod become a publicly traded company? | [
{
"id": 1007,
"question": "Who manufactures a pedometer accessory for the iPod?",
"answer": "Nike",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 59746,
"question": "when did #1 become a publicly traded company",
"answer": "1980",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | 1980 | [] | true | 0 | 5 |
2hop__35307_422900 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Rainer Weiss",
"paragraph_text": "Rainer \"Rai\" Weiss (; German: [vaɪs]; born September 29, 1932) is an American physicist, known for his contributions in gravitational physics and astrophysics. He is a professor of physics emeritus at MIT and an adjunct professor at LSU. He is best known for inventing the laser interferometric technique which is the basic operation of LIGO. He was Chair of the COBE Science Working Group.He is a member of Fermilab Holometer experiment, which uses a 40m laser interferometer to measure properties of space and time at quantum scale and provide Planck-precision tests of quantum holographic fluctuation.In 2017, Weiss was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, along with Kip Thorne and Barry Barish, \"for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Anti-aircraft warfare",
"paragraph_text": "Another potential weapon system for anti-aircraft use is the laser. Although air planners have imagined lasers in combat since the late 1960s, only the most modern laser systems are currently reaching what could be considered \"experimental usefulness\". In particular the Tactical High Energy Laser can be used in the anti-aircraft and anti-missile role. If current developments continue, some[who?] believe it is reasonable to suggest that lasers will play a major role in air defence starting in the next ten years.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Oriental Oil Kish",
"paragraph_text": "Oriental Oil Kish is operated by Khatam al-Anbia in Iran and partially owned by former Iranian President Hashemi Rafsanjani. In 2005, together with Halliburton, it shared a $310 million contract to develop sectors 9 and 10 of the South Pars oil and gas field. It is blacklisted by the United States Department of the Treasury, the United Nations, and the European Union.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "LaserDisc",
"paragraph_text": "In March 1984, Pioneer introduced the first consumer player with a solid-state laser, the LD-700. It was also the first LD player to load from the front and not the top. One year earlier Hitachi introduced an expensive industrial player with a laser diode, but the player, which had poor picture quality due to an inadequate dropout compensator, was made only in limited quantities. After Pioneer released the LD-700, gas lasers were no longer used in consumer players, despite their advantages, although Philips continued to use gas lasers in their industrial units until 1985.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Faraday cage",
"paragraph_text": "A Faraday cage or Faraday shield is an enclosure used to block electromagnetic fields. A Faraday shield may be formed by a continuous covering of conductive material, or in the case of a Faraday cage, by a mesh of such materials. Faraday cages are named after the English scientist Michael Faraday, who invented them in 1836.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Red",
"paragraph_text": "Lasers emitting in the red region of the spectrum have been available since the invention of the ruby laser in 1960. In 1962 the red helium–neon laser was invented, and these two types of lasers were widely used in many scientific applications including holography, and in education. Red helium–neon lasers were used commercially in LaserDisc players. The use of red laser diodes became widespread with the commercial success of modern DVD players, which use a 660 nm laser diode technology. Today, red and red-orange laser diodes are widely available to the public in the form of extremely inexpensive laser pointers. Portable, high-powered versions are also available for various applications. More recently, 671 nm diode-pumped solid state (DPSS) lasers have been introduced to the market for all-DPSS laser display systems, particle image velocimetry, Raman spectroscopy, and holography.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Fritz Goro",
"paragraph_text": "Goro documented many major scientific breakthroughs, including pictures of the first plutonium ever produced, the first atomic-bomb test, the advent of microelectronics, the ruby laser, as well as photos of Ali Javan timing the frequency of light at M.I.T. laboratory.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Hydrogen",
"paragraph_text": "Hydrogen was liquefied for the first time by James Dewar in 1898 by using regenerative cooling and his invention, the vacuum flask. He produced solid hydrogen the next year. Deuterium was discovered in December 1931 by Harold Urey, and tritium was prepared in 1934 by Ernest Rutherford, Mark Oliphant, and Paul Harteck. Heavy water, which consists of deuterium in the place of regular hydrogen, was discovered by Urey's group in 1932. François Isaac de Rivaz built the first de Rivaz engine, an internal combustion engine powered by a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen in 1806. Edward Daniel Clarke invented the hydrogen gas blowpipe in 1819. The Döbereiner's lamp and limelight were invented in 1823.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Bernard Mouat Jones",
"paragraph_text": "Bernard Mouat Jones (27 November 1882 – 11 September 1953) was a British chemist, notable for identifying the chemical in mustard gas and the first scientist to be Vice-Chancellor of the University of Leeds.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "World Wide Web",
"paragraph_text": "The World Wide Web (WWW), also called the Web, is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and accessible via the Internet. English scientist Tim Berners - Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989. He wrote the first web browser in 1990 while employed at CERN in Switzerland. The browser was released outside CERN in 1991, first to other research institutions starting in January 1991 and to the general public on the Internet in August 1991.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Turbine",
"paragraph_text": "Gas, steam, and water turbines have a casing around the blades that contains and controls the working fluid. Credit for invention of the steam turbine is given both to Anglo-Irish engineer Sir Charles Parsons (1854–1931) for invention of the reaction turbine, and to Swedish engineer Gustaf de Laval (1845–1913) for invention of the impulse turbine. Modern steam turbines frequently employ both reaction and impulse in the same unit, typically varying the degree of reaction and impulse from the blade root to its periphery.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Kundt's tube",
"paragraph_text": "Kundt's tube is an experimental acoustical apparatus invented in 1866 by German physicist August Kundt for the measurement of the speed of sound in a gas or a solid rod. The experiment is still taught today due to its ability to demonstrate longitudinal waves in a gas (which can often be difficult to visualise). It is used today only for demonstrating standing waves and acoustical forces.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Welding",
"paragraph_text": "Until the end of the 19th century, the only welding process was forge welding, which blacksmiths had used for millennia to join iron and steel by heating and hammering. Arc welding and oxy-fuel welding were among the first processes to develop late in the century, and electric resistance welding followed soon after. Welding technology advanced quickly during the early 20th century as the world wars drove the demand for reliable and inexpensive joining methods. Following the wars, several modern welding techniques were developed, including manual methods like shielded metal arc welding, now one of the most popular welding methods, as well as semi-automatic and automatic processes such as gas metal arc welding, submerged arc welding, flux-cored arc welding and electroslag welding. Developments continued with the invention of laser beam welding, electron beam welding, magnetic pulse welding, and friction stir welding in the latter half of the century. Today, the science continues to advance. Robot welding is commonplace in industrial settings, and researchers continue to develop new welding methods and gain greater understanding of weld quality.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Hydrogen",
"paragraph_text": "In the same year the first hydrogen-cooled turbogenerator went into service with gaseous hydrogen as a coolant in the rotor and the stator in 1937 at Dayton, Ohio, by the Dayton Power & Light Co.; because of the thermal conductivity of hydrogen gas, this is the most common type in its field today.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "History of the internal combustion engine",
"paragraph_text": "Father Eugenio Barsanti, an Italian engineer, together with Felice Matteucci of Florence invented the first real internal combustion engine in 1853. Their patent request was granted in London on June 12, 1854, and published in London's Morning Journal under the title ``Specification of Eugene Barsanti and Felix Matteucci, Obtaining Motive Power by the Explosion of Gasses ''. In 1860, Belgian Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir produced a gas - fired internal combustion engine. In 1864, Nikolaus Otto patented the first atmospheric gas engine. In 1872, American George Brayton invented the first commercial liquid - fueled internal combustion engine. In 1876, Nikolaus Otto, working with Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach, patented the compressed charge, four - cycle engine. In 1879, Karl Benz patented a reliable two - stroke gas engine. In 1892, Rudolf Diesel developed the first compressed charge, compression ignition engine. In 1926, Robert Goddard launched the first liquid - fueled rocket. In 1939, the Heinkel He 178 became the world's first jet aircraft. In 1954 German engineer Felix Wankel patented a`` pistonless'' engine using an eccentric rotary design.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Maurice Fernez",
"paragraph_text": "Maurice Fernez (30 August 1885 - 31 January 1952, Alfortville, Paris, France) was a French inventor and pioneer in the field of underwater breathing apparatus, respirators and gas masks. He was pivotal in the transition of diving from the tethered diving helmet and suit of the nineteenth century to the free diving with self-contained equipment of the twentieth century. All Fernez invented apparatus were surface-supplied but his inventions, especially his mouthpiece equipped with a one-way valve, inspired the scuba diving pioneer Yves le Prieur. He was also a talented businessman who created a company to manufacture and sell the breathing apparatus he invented, and expanded its range of products to include gas masks, respirators and filters.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Galilei number",
"paragraph_text": "In fluid dynamics, the Galilei number (Ga), sometimes also referred to as Galileo number (see discussion), is a dimensionless number named after Italian scientist Galileo Galilei (1564-1642).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Iran",
"paragraph_text": "Iranian scientists outside Iran have also made some major contributions to science. In 1960, Ali Javan co-invented the first gas laser, and fuzzy set theory was introduced by Lotfi Zadeh. Iranian cardiologist, Tofy Mussivand invented and developed the first artificial cardiac pump, the precursor of the artificial heart. Furthering research and treatment of diabetes, HbA1c was discovered by Samuel Rahbar. Iranian physics is especially strong in string theory, with many papers being published in Iran. Iranian-American string theorist Kamran Vafa proposed the Vafa-Witten theorem together with Edward Witten. In August 2014, Maryam Mirzakhani became the first-ever woman, as well as the first-ever Iranian, to receive the Fields Medal, the highest prize in mathematics.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Görres Society",
"paragraph_text": "The Görres Society was founded on 25 January 1876 in Koblenz by Catholic scientists and writers as the \"Görres-Gesellschaft zur Pflege der katholischen Wissenschaften\" in honour of Joseph Görres to advance Roman Catholic studies. Co-founder, initiator and first president was Georg von Hertling, the later \"Reichskanzler\" of Germany.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "The Flash (1990 TV series)",
"paragraph_text": "John Wesley Shipp as Barry Allen / Flash: A forensic scientist in the Central City Police Department (CCPD) who gains the power of super speed after his lab is struck by lightning causing him to be doused with chemicals. Shipp also portrayed the Flash's ``evil ''clone, Pollux. Amanda Pays as Christina`` Tina'' McGee: A scientist at S.T.A.R. Labs who provides the Flash with experimental inventions to adapt and overcome his enemies and learn about his powers. She is also a love interest of Barry. Alex Désert as Julio Mendez: A Central City Police Department scientist who is Barry Allen's co-worker and close friend.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | Who is the employer of the Iranian scientist who co-invented the first gas laser? | [
{
"id": 35307,
"question": "Which Iranian scientist co-invented the first gas laser?",
"answer": "Ali Javan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 422900,
"question": "#1 >> employer",
"answer": "M.I.T.",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | M.I.T. | [] | true | 0 | 3 |
2hop__32506_32631 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Bobby Gore",
"paragraph_text": "Bobby Gore (born Frederick Douglas Gore; May 11, 1936 – February 12, 2013) was an American gang leader and activist from Chicago, Illinois. Gore was the co–founder and former leader of the \"Conservative Vice Lords\" (CVL), which are historically one of the largest and most notorious street gangs in Chicago. Gore collaborated in the shift of the organizations criminal affiliations, in which the gang became a non-profit, pro-social community organization.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "An Inconvenient Truth",
"paragraph_text": "An Inconvenient Truth is a 2006 American concert film/documentary film directed by Davis Guggenheim about former United States Vice President Al Gore's campaign to educate people about global warming. The film features a comprehensive slide show that, by Gore's own estimate, he has presented over a thousand times to audiences worldwide.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "The Blitz",
"paragraph_text": "Directive 23 was the only concession made by Göring to the Kriegsmarine over the strategic bombing strategy of the Luftwaffe against Britain. Thereafter, he would refuse to make available any air units to destroy British dockyards, ports, port facilities, or shipping in dock or at sea, lest Kriegsmarine gain control of more Luftwaffe units. Raeder's successor—Karl Dönitz—would—on the intervention of Hitler—gain control of one unit (KG 40), but Göring would soon regain it. Göring's lack of cooperation was detrimental to the one air strategy with potentially decisive strategic effect on Britain. Instead, he wasted aircraft of Fliegerführer Atlantik (Flying Command Atlantic) on bombing mainland Britain instead of attacks against convoys. For Göring, his prestige had been damaged by the defeat in the Battle of Britain, and he wanted to regain it by subduing Britain by air power alone. He was always reluctant to cooperate with Raeder.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "John F. Gore",
"paragraph_text": "John F. Gore, was born on March 27, 1926 in New Haven, Connecticut to George F. Gore and Irene S. Gore. He served in the United States Marine Corps during World War II and with the Connecticut National Guard in the Korean War. His career would culminate with being appointed as the Connecticut Adjutant General in 1982 but would be forced to resign in 1985 amid various scandals.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "The Blitz",
"paragraph_text": "A major problem in the managing of the Luftwaffe was Hermann Göring. Hitler believed the Luftwaffe was \"the most effective strategic weapon\", and in reply to repeated requests from the Kriegsmarine for control over aircraft insisted, \"We should never have been able to hold our own in this war if we had not had an undivided Luftwaffe\". Such principles made it much harder to integrate the air force into the overall strategy and produced in Göring a jealous and damaging defence of his \"empire\" while removing Hitler voluntarily from the systematic direction of the Luftwaffe at either the strategic or operational level. When Hitler tried to intervene more in the running of the air force later in the war, he was faced with a political conflict of his own making between himself and Göring, which was not fully resolved until the war was almost over. In 1940 and 1941, Göring's refusal to cooperate with the Kriegsmarine denied the entire Wehrmacht military forces of the Reich the chance to strangle British sea communications, which might have had strategic or decisive effect in the war against the British Empire.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Leap of Faith (Kenny Loggins album)",
"paragraph_text": "Leap of Faith is the seventh solo album from singer Kenny Loggins. Released in 1991, it was the first album Loggins released after a divorce, and is notably longer than his previous solo albums. Singles from the album included \"The Real Thing,\" \"If You Believe,\" \"Now or Never,\" and \"Conviction of the Heart,\" the latter of which was later dubbed \"the unofficial anthem of the environmental movement\" by Vice President Al Gore. \"I Would Do Anything\" features Sheryl Crow who can also be heard in the title song along with Smokey Robinson.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "You Don't Own Me",
"paragraph_text": "``You Do n't Own Me ''Single by Lesley Gore from the album Lesley Gore Sings of Mixed - Up Hearts B - side`` Run Bobby, Run'' Released December 1963 Format 7 ''single Recorded 1963 Genre Pop R&B Length 2: 31 Label Mercury Songwriter (s) John Madara Dave White Producer (s) Quincy Jones Lesley Gore singles chronology ``She's a Fool'' (1963)`` You Do n't Own Me ''(1963) ``That's the Way Boys Are'' (1964)`` She's a Fool ''(1963) ``You Do n't Own Me'' (1963)`` That's the Way Boys Are ''(1964)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Eagles Nest Wilderness",
"paragraph_text": "The Eagles Nest Wilderness lies in the southern area of the Gore Range of mountains. The Gore Range was named in honor of Sir George Gore arising from a hunting expedition led by Jim Bridger, 1804–1881, early trapper and explorer of the Rocky Mountains. Bridger documented the Great Salt Lake in 1824 and guided westward settlers through Bridger Pass in 1850, shortening the Oregon Trail by . In 1854, Sir George Gore hired Bridger as a hunting guide out of Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. The Gore expedition traveled through the central Colorado mountain range before heading north into the Yellowstone area. Gore practiced a policy of heavy treading on the land, hauling 30 wagons and more than 50 servants on his expedition of 6,000 miles. Gore shot thousands of large game animals during his guided tour of the mountains that extended into 1855.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Castle Goring",
"paragraph_text": "Castle Goring was designed by John Rebecca for Sir Bysshe Shelley, 1st Baronet. It was intended that his grandson, the renowned poet Percy Bysshe Shelley, would live at Castle Goring; however, he drowned in Italy aged just 29, so he never took possession of the house.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Patriotic Gore",
"paragraph_text": "Patriotic Gore: Studies in the Literature of the American Civil War is a 1962 book of historical and literary criticism written by Edmund Wilson. It consists of 26 chapters about the works and lives of almost 30 writers, including",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "You Don't Own Me",
"paragraph_text": "``You Do n't Own Me ''is a popular song written by Philadelphia songwriters John Madara and David White and recorded by Lesley Gore in 1963, when Gore was 17 years old. The song was Gore's second most successful recording and her last top - ten single. On November 27, 2016, the Grammy Hall of Fame announced its induction, along with that of another 24 songs.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Out Here on My Own",
"paragraph_text": "``Out Here on My Own ''is a ballad from the 1980 musical film Fame, performed by Irene Cara. It was written by sibling songwriting duo Lesley Gore (lyricist) and Michael Gore (composer). The song was produced by Michael Gore, and published by MGM BMI / Variety ASCAP. Cara performed the song at the 1981 Academy Awards, where the song was nominated for Best Original Song. The song was released on the soundtrack to the 1980 film Fame, which also contains an instrumental version of the track.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Richard Gore",
"paragraph_text": "Richard Gore (died 1622) was an English merchant adventurer and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1604 to 1611.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "The Chantels",
"paragraph_text": "The Chantels are a pop music group and were the second African-American girl group to enjoy nationwide success in the United States, preceded by The Bobbettes. The group was established in the early 1950s by students attending St. Anthony of Padua School in The Bronx. The original five members consisted of Arlene Smith (lead) (October 5, 1941), Sonia Goring Wilson (born Millicent Goring) (1940), Renée Minus White (1943), Jackie Landry Jackson (May 22, 1941 – December 23, 1997) and Lois Harris (1940). They derived their name from that of school St. Frances de Chantal.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Landis Gores",
"paragraph_text": "Landis Gores (August 31, 1919 – March 18, 1991) was an American architect, native to Cincinnati, Ohio. Landis was known for his modernist Gores Pavilion, the Gores Family House, and the House for All Seasons.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Night on Bald Mountain",
"paragraph_text": "Night on Bald Mountain (Russian: Ночь на лысой горе, Noch ′ na lysoy gore), also known as Night on the Bare Mountain, is a series of compositions by Modest Mussorgsky (1839 -- 1881). Inspired by Russian literary works and legend, Mussorgsky composed a ``musical picture '', St. John's Eve on Bald Mountain (Russian: Иванова ночь на лысой горе, 'Ivanova noch ′ na lysoy gore) on the theme of a witches' sabbath occurring on St. John's Eve, which he completed on that very night, 23 June 1867. Together with Nikolay Rimsky - Korsakov's Sadko (1867), it is one of the first tone poems by a Russian composer.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "The Golden Age (Vidal novel)",
"paragraph_text": "The Golden Age, a historical novel published in 2000 by Gore Vidal, is the seventh and final novel in his \"Narratives of Empire\" series.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "2000 United States presidential election in Florida",
"paragraph_text": "United States presidential election in Florida, 2000 ← 1996 November 7, 2000 2004 → Turnout 70% Nominee George W. Bush Al Gore Party Republican Democratic Home state Texas Tennessee Running mate Dick Cheney Joe Lieberman Electoral vote 25 0 Popular vote 2,912,790 2,912,253 Percentage 48.847% 48.838% County Results Gore -- 60 - 70% Gore -- 50 - 60% Gore -- 40 - 50% Bush -- 40 - 50% Bush -- 50 - 60% Bush -- 60 - 70% Bush -- 70 - 80% President before election William Jefferson Clinton Democratic Elected President George Walker Bush Republican",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Jade Trini Goring",
"paragraph_text": "Jade Trini Goring (born 1972), formerly known by the stage name Jade Trini, is an American contemporary gospel music singer. Goring was also briefly a member of the electronic/house/old school hip hop group Mantronix, in 1991.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Buckingham Palace",
"paragraph_text": "Possibly the first house erected within the site was that of a Sir William Blake, around 1624. The next owner was Lord Goring, who from 1633 extended Blake's house and developed much of today's garden, then known as Goring Great Garden. He did not, however, obtain the freehold interest in the mulberry garden. Unbeknown to Goring, in 1640 the document \"failed to pass the Great Seal before King Charles I fled London, which it needed to do for legal execution\". It was this critical omission that helped the British royal family regain the freehold under King George III.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What did Goring believe the person whom he refused to work with in 1940 and 1941 would gain with further support? | [
{
"id": 32506,
"question": "Who did Goring refuse to work with in 1940 and 1941?",
"answer": "the Kriegsmarine",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 32631,
"question": "What did Goring believe the #1 would gain with further support?",
"answer": "control of more Luftwaffe units",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | control of more Luftwaffe units | [
"Luftwaffe"
] | true | 0 | 3 |
2hop__704076_119680 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Skin and Other Stories",
"paragraph_text": "Skin and Other Stories is a collection of short stories written by Roald Dahl. It was published in 2000 by Puffin Books, a division of Penguin Putnam Books. Many these stories first appeared in the Dahl book, \"Someone Like You\", and also includes the story \"The Surgeon,\" originally published in \"Playboy\" magazine in 1986.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Paul Terry (actor)",
"paragraph_text": "Paul Christopher James Terry (born 7 November 1985) is an English former child actor. He is best known for in starring as James in the 1996 film adaptation of Roald Dahl's James and the Giant Peach. He also starred in the four seasons of the children's sitcom Microsoap (1998 -- 2000).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Rhyme Stew",
"paragraph_text": "Rhyme Stew is a collection of poems for children by Roald Dahl, illustrated by Quentin Blake. In a sense it's a more adult version of \"Revolting Rhymes\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Matilda (novel)",
"paragraph_text": "Matilda is a book by British writer Roald Dahl. It was published in 1988 by Jonathan Cape in London, with 232 pages and illustrations by Quentin Blake. It was adapted as an audio reading by actress Kate Winslet, a 1996 feature film directed by Danny DeVito, a two - part BBC Radio 4 programme starring Lauren Mote as Matilda, Emerald O'Hanrahan as Miss Honey, Nichola McAuliffe as Miss Trunchbull and narrated by Lenny Henry, and a 2010 musical.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Singingfish",
"paragraph_text": "Singingfish was an audio/video search engine that powered audio video search for Windows Media Player, WindowsMedia.com, RealOne/RealPlayer, Real Guide, AOL Search, Dogpile, Metacrawler and Singingfish.com, among others. Launched in 2000, it was one of the earliest and longest lived search engines dedicated to multimedia content. Acquired in 2003 by AOL, it was slowly folded into the AOL search offerings and all web hits from RMC TV to Singingfish were being redirected to AOL Video and as of February 2007 Singingfish had ceased to exist as a separate service.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "The Vicar of Nibbleswicke",
"paragraph_text": "The Vicar of Nibbleswicke is a children's story written by Roald Dahl and illustrated by Quentin Blake. It was first published in London in 1991, after Dahl's death, by Century. The protagonist is a dyslexic vicar, and the book was written to benefit the Dyslexia Institute in London (now Dyslexia Action), with Dahl and Blake donating their rights.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Roald Dahl's Guide to Railway Safety",
"paragraph_text": "Roald Dahl's Guide to Railway Safety was published in 1991 by the British Railways Board. The British Railways Board had asked Roald Dahl to write the text of the booklet, and Quentin Blake to illustrate it, to help young people enjoy using the railways safely.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Gévaudan",
"paragraph_text": "Gévaudan ceased to exist after the French Revolution on March 4, 1790. The department of Lozère was created from the former county of Gévaudan.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "George Samuel Measom",
"paragraph_text": "Sir George Samuel Measom (3 December 1818 – 1 March 1901) was an English engraver and publisher who compiled guides to railway travel in Great Britain in the mid-19th century. In later life he became involved in charitable works, and was knighted in 1891.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Four Rooms",
"paragraph_text": "Four Rooms is a 1995 American anthology comedy film co-written and co-directed by Allison Anders, Alexandre Rockwell, Robert Rodriguez, and Quentin Tarantino, each directing a segment of it that in its entirety is loosely based on the adult short fiction writings of Roald Dahl, especially \"Man from the South\" which is the basis for the last one, \"Penthouse - \"The Man from Hollywood\"\" directed by Tarantino. The story is set in the fictional Hotel Mon Signor in Los Angeles on New Year's Eve. Tim Roth plays Ted, the bellhop and main character in the frame story, whose first night on the job consists of four very different encounters with various hotel guests.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Manigachhi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)",
"paragraph_text": "As a consequence of the orders of the Delimitation Commission of India, Manigachhi (Vidhan Sabha constituency) ceased to exist in 2010.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Two Fables",
"paragraph_text": "Two Fables is a collection of two short stories by Roald Dahl, first published in 1986 by Penguin in London and Farrar, Straus, & Giroux in the United States.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory",
"paragraph_text": "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory is a 1971 American musical fantasy film directed by Mel Stuart, and starring Gene Wilder as Willy Wonka. It is an adaptation of the 1964 novel Charlie and the Chocolate Factory by Roald Dahl. Dahl was credited with writing the film's screenplay; however, David Seltzer, who went uncredited in the film, was brought in to re-work the screenplay against Dahl's wishes, making major changes to the ending and adding musical numbers. These changes and other decisions made by the director led Dahl to disown the film.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory",
"paragraph_text": "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory is a 1964 children's novel by British author Roald Dahl. The story features the adventures of young Charlie Bucket inside the chocolate factory of eccentric chocolatier Willy Wonka.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "British Railways Board",
"paragraph_text": "The British Railways Board (BRB) was a nationalised industry in the United Kingdom that operated from 1963 to 2001. Until 1997 it was responsible for most railway services in Great Britain, trading under the brand name British Railways and, from 1965, British Rail. It did not operate railways in Northern Ireland, where railways were the responsibility of the Government of Northern Ireland.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "The Night Digger",
"paragraph_text": "The Night Digger is a 1971 British thriller film based on the novel \"Nest in a Fallen Tree\" by Joy Cowley. It was adapted by Roald Dahl and starred his then wife Patricia Neal. \"The Night Digger\" was the American title; it was originally released in the United Kingdom as The Road Builder.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "The Giraffe and the Pelly and Me",
"paragraph_text": "The Giraffe and the Pelly and Me is a 1985 children's book written by Roald Dahl and illustrated by Quentin Blake. It is about a young boy, Billy, who meets a giraffe, pelican and monkey who work as window cleaners.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Roald Dahl bibliography",
"paragraph_text": "During the Second World War Dahl was a pilot in the Royal Air Force (RAF) until he crashed in the Libyan desert; the subsequent injuries left him unfit to fly. He was posted to Washington as an assistant air attaché, ostensibly a diplomatic post, but which also included espionage and propaganda work. In 1942 the writer C.S. Forester asked him to provide details of his experiences in North Africa which Forester hoped to use in an article in The Saturday Evening Post. Instead of the notes which Forester expected, Dahl sent a finished story for which he was paid $900. The work led to The Gremlins, a serialised story in Cosmopolitan about a mischievous and fictional RAF creature, the gremlin; the work was published as Dahl's first novel in 1943. Dahl continued to write short stories, although these were all aimed at the adult market. They were sold to magazines and newspapers, and were later compiled into collections, the first of which was published in 1946. Dahl began to make up bedtime stories for the children, and these formed the basis of several of his stories. His first children's novel, James and the Giant Peach, was published in 1961, which was followed, along with others, by Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (1964), Fantastic Mr Fox (1970), Danny, the Champion of the World (1975), The BFG (1982) and Matilda in 1988.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Michelin Guide",
"paragraph_text": "Michelin Guides (French: Guide Michelin (ɡid miʃ. lɛ̃)) are a series of guide books published by the French tyre company Michelin for more than a century. The term normally refers to the annually published Michelin Red Guide, the oldest European hotel and restaurant reference guide, which awards up to three Michelin stars for excellence to a select few establishments. The acquisition or loss of a star can have dramatic effects on the success of a restaurant. Michelin also publishes a series of general guides to cities, regions, and countries, the Green Guides.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Matilda the Musical",
"paragraph_text": "Matilda the Musical is a stage musical based on the 1988 children's novel of the same name by Roald Dahl. It was adapted by Dennis Kelly, with music and lyrics by Tim Minchin. The musical's narrative centres on Matilda, a precocious 5 - year - old girl with the gift of telekinesis, who loves reading, overcomes obstacles caused by her family and school, and helps her teacher to reclaim her life. After a twelve - week trial run staged by the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) at Stratford - upon - Avon from November 2010 to January 2011, it received its West End premiere on 24 November 2011 at the Cambridge Theatre and its Broadway premiere on 11 April 2013 at the Shubert Theatre.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | In which year did the publisher of Roald Dahl's Guide to Railway Safety cease to exist? | [
{
"id": 704076,
"question": "Roald Dahl's Guide to Railway Safety >> publisher",
"answer": "British Railways Board",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 119680,
"question": "In which year #1 ceased to exist?",
"answer": "2001",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | 2001 | [] | true | 0 | 5 |
2hop__120751_127300 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Timeline of women's colleges in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "1821: Clinton Female Seminary in Clinton, Georgia; later merged to become Georgia Female College (now Wesleyan College in Macon) chartered in 1836; the first college charted from its inception as a full college for women.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Rodney Van Johnson",
"paragraph_text": "Rodney Van Johnson (born February 20, 1961 in Cincinnati, Ohio) is an American actor known for portraying the role of T.C. Russell on the daytime soap opera \"Passions\" since its inception in 1999.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Adidas Telstar 18",
"paragraph_text": "Telstar 18 The Adidas Telstar 18. Type Ball Inception 2017 (2017) Manufacturer Adidas (Speed Sports) Available Yes Current supplier Sialkot, Pakistan (official World Cup match balls) Speed Sports Last production year 2018",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Poptropica",
"paragraph_text": "Poptropica is an online role-playing game, developed in 2007 by Pearson Education's Family Education Network, and targeted towards children aged 6 to 15. \"Poptropica\" was primarily the creation of Jeff Kinney, the author of the \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" series. As of 2015, he remains at the company as the Creative Director.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Fred Stillwell Stadium",
"paragraph_text": "Fred Stillwell Stadium is a baseball venue located in Kennesaw, Georgia, USA. It is home to the Kennesaw State Owls of the NCAA Division I Atlantic Sun Conference. Stillwell Stadium has been home to the program since its 1984 inception. Its seating capacity is 1,200 spectators.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Inception",
"paragraph_text": "Inception's première was held in London on July 8, 2010; it was released in both conventional and IMAX theaters beginning on July 16, 2010. Inception grossed over US$828 million worldwide, becoming the fourth highest-grossing film of 2010. The home video market also had strong results, with US$68 million in DVD and Blu-ray sales. Inception opened to acclaim from critics, who praised its screenplay, visual effects, score, and ensemble cast. It won four Academy Awards for Best Cinematography, Best Sound Editing, Best Sound Mixing, and Best Visual Effects, and was nominated for four more: Best Picture, Best Original Screenplay, Best Art Direction, and Best Original Score.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Four Assassins",
"paragraph_text": "Four Assassins, also known as \"Far Away Eyes\", is a 2013 action thriller starring Will Yun Lee, Miguel Ferrer, Hiro Hayama, Mercedes Renard, and Oliver Williams. Inception Media released the DVD and online versions of the film on February 18, 2013.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Surf Excel",
"paragraph_text": "Surf Excel Surf Excel logo. Inception 1948 Manufacturer Unilever Available Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, India Website Surf Excel Pakistan Surf Excel Srilanka Surf Excel India",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "American Institute of Mathematics",
"paragraph_text": "The American Institute of Mathematics (AIM) was founded in 1994 by John Fry, co-founder of Fry's Electronics, and located in the Fry's Electronics San Jose, California location. Privately funded by Fry at inception, in 2002, AIM became one of eight NSF-funded mathematical institutes.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Alexander Hvaal",
"paragraph_text": "Alexander Hvaal (born 25 May 1992) is a professional rallycross driver from Larvik in Vestfold, Norway. He has raced in the European Rallycross Championship since 2012 and the World Rallycross Championship since its inception in 2014.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Pearson Education",
"paragraph_text": "Pearson Education is a British-owned education publishing and assessment service to schools and corporations, as well for students directly. Pearson owns educational media brands including Addison–Wesley, Peachpit, Prentice Hall, eCollege, Longman, Scott Foresman, and others. Pearson is part of Pearson plc, which formerly owned the \"Financial Times\". It was created in July 1998 when Pearson plc purchased the education division of Simon & Schuster from Viacom and merged it with its own education division, Addison-Wesley Longman, to form Pearson Education. Pearson Education was rebranded to Pearson in 2011 and split into an International and a North American division.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Ali Karume",
"paragraph_text": "Ali Abeid Amani Karume (born May 24, 1950), Tanzanian Ambassador to Italy and Dean of Tanzania Ambassadors, is a Tanzanian diplomat. He is the son of Zanzibar's first president, Sheikh Abeid Amani Karume and a member of the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) party since its inception in 1977.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Top Model India",
"paragraph_text": "This is the rebooted inception of MTV India's India's Next Top Model. Mahir Pandhi is the winner of this show.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "General Hospital",
"paragraph_text": "General Hospital has aired on ABC Television and has been filmed in Hollywood since its inception. The show was filmed in the Sunset Gower Studios from 1963 to the mid-1980s. It relocated in the 1980s to The Prospect Studios, where it remains.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Criminal Minds (season 13)",
"paragraph_text": "The thirteenth season of Criminal Minds was ordered on April 7, 2017, by CBS with an order of 22 episodes. The season premiered on September 27, 2017 in a new time slot at 10: 00PM on Wednesday when it had been at 9: 00PM on Wednesday since its inception.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Pokémon (video game series)",
"paragraph_text": "Pokémon Genres Adventure Augmented reality Fighting Puzzle Role - playing Strategy Developer (s) Ambrella Bandai Namco Entertainment Chunsoft Creatures Inc. Game Freak Genius Sonority HAL Laboratory Hudson Soft Intelligent Systems Niantic Labs Nintendo Tecmo Koei Publisher (s) Nintendo Creator (s) Satoshi Tajiri Platforms Android Arcade Game Boy Game Boy Advance Game Boy Color GameCube iOS Nintendo 3DS Nintendo 64 Nintendo DS Nintendo Switch Wii Wii U Platform of origin Game Boy Year of inception First release Pokémon Red and Blue February 27, 1996 Latest release Pokémon Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon November 17, 2017",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Radu Almășan",
"paragraph_text": "Radu Almășan () is a Romanian singer, most notable for his work in the band Bosquito, which he has led as the primary vocalist since its inception in 1999. He is also a founding member of the American alternative rock band Madame Hooligan.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "David Scarboro",
"paragraph_text": "David Timothy Scarboro (3 February 1968 -- 27 April 1988) was an English actor who was best known for portraying Mark Fowler in the popular British soap opera EastEnders from the programme's inception in February until April 1985 before appearing intermittently between 1986 and 1987.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "History of the World Wide Web",
"paragraph_text": "World Wide Web The web's logo designed by Belgian Robert Cailliau Type Aspect of history Inventor Tim Berners - Lee Inception 1989 / 1990 Available Worldwide",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Republic Day (Nepal)",
"paragraph_text": "Republic Day (Nepali: गणतन्त्र दिवस) is a special day in the history of Nepal that commemorates the inception of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal on May 29, 2008. The establishment of the republic put an end to civil strife that had lasted for years.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | When was the inception of the company that released Poptropica? | [
{
"id": 120751,
"question": "Who released Poptropica?",
"answer": "Pearson Education",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 127300,
"question": "When was the inception of #1 ?",
"answer": "1998",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | 1998 | [] | true | 0 | 5 |
2hop__188536_127300 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Alexander Hvaal",
"paragraph_text": "Alexander Hvaal (born 25 May 1992) is a professional rallycross driver from Larvik in Vestfold, Norway. He has raced in the European Rallycross Championship since 2012 and the World Rallycross Championship since its inception in 2014.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "GNU Guix",
"paragraph_text": "\"Guix System Distribution\" (abbreviated \"GuixSD\") is a Linux distribution built around the GNU Guix package manager. It enables a declarative operating system configuration and allows reliable system upgrades that can easily be rolled back. It uses the Linux-libre kernel, with support for the GNU Hurd kernel under development. On February 3, 2015, the distribution was added to the Free Software Foundation's list of free Linux distributions.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Pearson Education",
"paragraph_text": "Pearson Education is a British-owned education publishing and assessment service to schools and corporations, as well for students directly. Pearson owns educational media brands including Addison–Wesley, Peachpit, Prentice Hall, eCollege, Longman, Scott Foresman, and others. Pearson is part of Pearson plc, which formerly owned the \"Financial Times\". It was created in July 1998 when Pearson plc purchased the education division of Simon & Schuster from Viacom and merged it with its own education division, Addison-Wesley Longman, to form Pearson Education. Pearson Education was rebranded to Pearson in 2011 and split into an International and a North American division.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "General Hospital",
"paragraph_text": "General Hospital has aired on ABC Television and has been filmed in Hollywood since its inception. The show was filmed in the Sunset Gower Studios from 1963 to the mid-1980s. It relocated in the 1980s to The Prospect Studios, where it remains.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Republic Day (Nepal)",
"paragraph_text": "Republic Day (Nepali: गणतन्त्र दिवस) is a special day in the history of Nepal that commemorates the inception of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal on May 29, 2008. The establishment of the republic put an end to civil strife that had lasted for years.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Galápagos Islands",
"paragraph_text": "The Galápagos Islands (official name: Archipiélago de Colón, other Spanish name: Las Islas Galápagos, Spanish pronunciation: (las ˈiɦla ɣaˈlapaɣo)), part of the Republic of Ecuador, are an archipelago of volcanic islands distributed on either side of the Equator in the Pacific Ocean surrounding the centre of the Western Hemisphere, 906 km (563 mi) west of continental Ecuador. The islands are known for their vast number of endemic species and were studied by Charles Darwin during the second voyage of HMS Beagle, as his observations and collections contributed to the inception of Darwin's theory of evolution by means of natural selection.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Radu Almășan",
"paragraph_text": "Radu Almășan () is a Romanian singer, most notable for his work in the band Bosquito, which he has led as the primary vocalist since its inception in 1999. He is also a founding member of the American alternative rock band Madame Hooligan.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Rodney Van Johnson",
"paragraph_text": "Rodney Van Johnson (born February 20, 1961 in Cincinnati, Ohio) is an American actor known for portraying the role of T.C. Russell on the daytime soap opera \"Passions\" since its inception in 1999.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Criminal Minds (season 13)",
"paragraph_text": "The thirteenth season of Criminal Minds was ordered on April 7, 2017, by CBS with an order of 22 episodes. The season premiered on September 27, 2017 in a new time slot at 10: 00PM on Wednesday when it had been at 9: 00PM on Wednesday since its inception.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Fred Stillwell Stadium",
"paragraph_text": "Fred Stillwell Stadium is a baseball venue located in Kennesaw, Georgia, USA. It is home to the Kennesaw State Owls of the NCAA Division I Atlantic Sun Conference. Stillwell Stadium has been home to the program since its 1984 inception. Its seating capacity is 1,200 spectators.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Northern Powergrid",
"paragraph_text": "Northern Powergrid Holdings Company (formerly CE Electric UK Funding Company) is an electrical distribution company based in Newcastle Upon Tyne in England. It is the owner of Northern Powergrid (Northeast) Limited (formerly Northern Electric Distribution Limited (NEDL)) and Northern Powergrid (Yorkshire) plc (formerly Yorkshire Electricity Distribution plc (YEDL)) which are the Distribution Network Operators for the North East England and Yorkshire regions and the North Lincolnshire area.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Helensburgh Tigers",
"paragraph_text": "The Helensburgh Tigers are an Australian rugby league football team based in Helensburgh, a country town of the Illawarra region. The club are a part of Country Rugby League and has competed in the Illawarra Rugby League premiership since its inception in 1911.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Four Assassins",
"paragraph_text": "Four Assassins, also known as \"Far Away Eyes\", is a 2013 action thriller starring Will Yun Lee, Miguel Ferrer, Hiro Hayama, Mercedes Renard, and Oliver Williams. Inception Media released the DVD and online versions of the film on February 18, 2013.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Top Model India",
"paragraph_text": "This is the rebooted inception of MTV India's India's Next Top Model. Mahir Pandhi is the winner of this show.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Inception",
"paragraph_text": "Inception's première was held in London on July 8, 2010; it was released in both conventional and IMAX theaters beginning on July 16, 2010. Inception grossed over US$828 million worldwide, becoming the fourth highest-grossing film of 2010. The home video market also had strong results, with US$68 million in DVD and Blu-ray sales. Inception opened to acclaim from critics, who praised its screenplay, visual effects, score, and ensemble cast. It won four Academy Awards for Best Cinematography, Best Sound Editing, Best Sound Mixing, and Best Visual Effects, and was nominated for four more: Best Picture, Best Original Screenplay, Best Art Direction, and Best Original Score.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Global Storage Architecture",
"paragraph_text": "GSA (Global Storage Architecture) is a distributed file system created by IBM to replace the Andrew File System and the DCE Distributed File System.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Poptropica",
"paragraph_text": "Poptropica is an online role-playing game, developed in 2007 by Pearson Education's Family Education Network, and targeted towards children aged 6 to 15. \"Poptropica\" was primarily the creation of Jeff Kinney, the author of the \"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\" series. As of 2015, he remains at the company as the Creative Director.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "History of the World Wide Web",
"paragraph_text": "World Wide Web The web's logo designed by Belgian Robert Cailliau Type Aspect of history Inventor Tim Berners - Lee Inception 1989 / 1990 Available Worldwide",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Adidas Telstar 18",
"paragraph_text": "Telstar 18 The Adidas Telstar 18. Type Ball Inception 2017 (2017) Manufacturer Adidas (Speed Sports) Available Yes Current supplier Sialkot, Pakistan (official World Cup match balls) Speed Sports Last production year 2018",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Timeline of women's colleges in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "1821: Clinton Female Seminary in Clinton, Georgia; later merged to become Georgia Female College (now Wesleyan College in Macon) chartered in 1836; the first college charted from its inception as a full college for women.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | When did the distributer of Poptropica start? | [
{
"id": 188536,
"question": "Poptropica >> distributed by",
"answer": "Pearson Education",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 127300,
"question": "When was the inception of #1 ?",
"answer": "1998",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | 1998 | [] | true | 0 | 5 |
2hop__88376_84230 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Colorado River",
"paragraph_text": "Colorado River The Colorado River at Horseshoe Bend, Arizona, a few miles below Glen Canyon Dam Countries United States, Mexico States Colorado, Utah, Arizona, Nevada, California, Baja California, Sonora Tributaries - left Fraser River, Blue River, Eagle River, Roaring Fork River, Gunnison River, Dolores River, San Juan River, Little Colorado River, Bill Williams River, Gila River - right Green River, Dirty Devil River, Escalante River, Kanab River, Virgin River, Hardy River Cities Glenwood Springs, CO, Grand Junction, CO, Moab, UT, Page, AZ, Bullhead City, AZ, Lake Havasu City, AZ, Yuma, AZ, San Luis Rio Colorado, SON Source La Poudre Pass - location Rocky Mountains, Colorado, United States - elevation 10,184 ft (3,104 m) - coordinates 40 ° 28 ′ 20 ''N 105 ° 49 ′ 34'' W / 40.47222 ° N 105.82611 ° W / 40.47222; - 105.82611 Mouth Gulf of California - location Colorado River Delta, Baja California -- Sonora, Mexico - elevation 0 ft (0 m) - coordinates 31 ° 54 ′ 00 ''N 114 ° 57 ′ 03'' W / 31.90000 ° N 114.95083 ° W / 31.90000; - 114.95083 Coordinates: 31 ° 54 ′ 00 ''N 114 ° 57 ′ 03'' W / 31.90000 ° N 114.95083 ° W / 31.90000; - 114.95083 Length 1,450 mi (2,334 km) Basin 246,000 sq mi (637,137 km) Discharge for mouth (average virgin flow), max and min at Topock, AZ, 300 mi (480 km) from the mouth - average 22,500 cu ft / s (637 m / s) - max 384,000 cu ft / s (10,900 m / s) - min 422 cu ft / s (12 m / s) Map of the Colorado River basin Wikimedia Commons: Colorado River",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Water in California",
"paragraph_text": "The Colorado River originates more than 1,000 miles (1,600 km) from California in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and Wyoming and forms the state's southeastern border in the Mojave Desert. Unlike the other California watersheds, essentially all of the water flowing in the Colorado originates outside the state. The Colorado is a critical source of irrigation and urban water for southern California, providing between 55 and 65 percent of the total supply.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Southern California",
"paragraph_text": "The state is most commonly divided and promoted by its regional tourism groups as consisting of northern, central, and southern California regions. The two AAA Auto Clubs of the state, the California State Automobile Association and the Automobile Club of Southern California, choose to simplify matters by dividing the state along the lines where their jurisdictions for membership apply, as either northern or southern California, in contrast to the three-region point of view. Another influence is the geographical phrase South of the Tehachapis, which would split the southern region off at the crest of that transverse range, but in that definition, the desert portions of north Los Angeles County and eastern Kern and San Bernardino Counties would be included in the southern California region due to their remoteness from the central valley and interior desert landscape.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "30th parallel north",
"paragraph_text": "It is the approximate southern border of the horse latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere, meaning that much of the land area touching the 30th parallel is arid or semi-arid. If there is a source of wind from a body of water the area would more likely be subtropical.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Ben Ripley",
"paragraph_text": "Ben Ripley is an American screenwriter best known for writing the science-fiction thriller \"Source Code\" directed by Duncan Jones. Ripley is a graduate of Stanford University and the University of Southern California's USC School of Cinema-Television.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Gravel & Wine",
"paragraph_text": "Gravel & Wine is the second album from New Zealand pop singer Gin Wigmore, released in New Zealand on 7 November 2011. The album was recorded in Santa Monica, California during the second quarter of 2011 under producer Butch Walker and counting with his backing band, The Black Widows. Before production begun, Wigmore travelled for two months in Mississippi and Alabama to get a Southern United States inspiration.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Grape",
"paragraph_text": "There are several sources of the seedlessness trait, and essentially all commercial cultivators get it from one of three sources: Thompson Seedless, Russian Seedless, and Black Monukka, all being cultivars of Vitis vinifera. There are currently more than a dozen varieties of seedless grapes. Several, such as Einset Seedless, Benjamin Gunnels's Prime seedless grapes, Reliance, and Venus, have been specifically cultivated for hardiness and quality in the relatively cold climates of northeastern United States and southern Ontario.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Water resources",
"paragraph_text": "Desalination is an artificial process by which saline water (generally sea water) is converted to fresh water. The most common desalination processes are distillation and reverse osmosis. Desalination is currently expensive compared to most alternative sources of water, and only a very small fraction of total human use is satisfied by desalination. It is usually only economically practical for high-valued uses (such as household and industrial uses) in arid areas. However, there is growth in desalination for agricultural use, and highly populated areas such as Singapore or California. The most extensive use is in the Persian Gulf.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Banderas River",
"paragraph_text": "Banderas River () is a river located in the southern part of the Ahuachapán Department of El Salvador. Precipitations along the river are suitable for municipal water, irrigation, and water wells.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Miami",
"paragraph_text": "Beneath the plain lies the Biscayne Aquifer, a natural underground source of fresh water that extends from southern Palm Beach County to Florida Bay, with its highest point peaking around the cities of Miami Springs and Hialeah. Most of the Miami metropolitan area obtains its drinking water from this aquifer. As a result of the aquifer, it is not possible to dig more than 15 to 20 ft (5 to 6 m) beneath the city without hitting water, which impedes underground construction, though some underground parking garages exist. For this reason, the mass transit systems in and around Miami are elevated or at-grade.[citation needed]",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Owens River Gorge",
"paragraph_text": "The Owens River Gorge is a steep 10 mi (16 km) canyon on the upper Owens River in eastern California in the United States. The canyon is located at the eastern edge of the Sierra Nevada mountains in southern Mono County, along the stretch of the river where it exits the Long Valley near its source and enters the north end of Owens Valley. The gorge is a popular destination for rock climbing.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Doheny State Beach",
"paragraph_text": "Doheny State Beach is a protected beach in the state park system of California, USA, located on the Pacific Ocean in the city of Dana Point. The beach is a popular surf spot located at the mouth of San Juan Creek, which flows from the Santa Ana Mountains southwest to the beach, where it forms a fresh-water lagoon. It is also one of the most polluted beaches in Southern California.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Water in California",
"paragraph_text": "Rivers of the Lahontan watersheds in eastern California are part of the high desert Great Basin and do not drain to the Pacific. Most of the water is used locally in eastern California and western Nevada for irrigation. The Owens River of the South Lahontan region, however, is a principal source of water for Los Angeles.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Southern California",
"paragraph_text": "\"Southern California\" is not a formal geographic designation, and definitions of what constitutes southern California vary. Geographically, California's north-south midway point lies at exactly 37° 9' 58.23\" latitude, around 11 miles (18 km) south of San Jose; however, this does not coincide with popular use of the term. When the state is divided into two areas (northern and southern California), the term \"southern California\" usually refers to the ten southern-most counties of the state. This definition coincides neatly with the county lines at 35° 47′ 28″ north latitude, which form the northern borders of San Luis Obispo, Kern, and San Bernardino counties. Another definition for southern California uses Point Conception and the Tehachapi Mountains as the northern boundary.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Grape",
"paragraph_text": "There are several sources of the seedlessness trait, and essentially all commercial cultivators get it from one of three sources: Thompson Seedless, Russian Seedless, and Black Monukka, all being cultivars of Vitis vinifera. There are currently more than a dozen varieties of seedless grapes. Several, such as Einset Seedless, Benjamin Gunnels's Prime seedless grapes, Reliance, and Venus, have been specifically cultivated for hardiness and quality in the relatively cold climates of northeastern United States and southern Ontario.An offset to the improved eating quality of seedlessness is the loss of potential health benefits provided by the enriched phytochemical content of grape seeds (see Health claims, below).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Santa Monica, California",
"paragraph_text": "Santa Monica is one of the most environmentally activist municipalities in the nation. The city first proposed its Sustainable City Plan in 1992 and in 1994, was one of the first cities in the nation to formally adopt a comprehensive sustainability plan, setting waste reduction and water conservation policies for both public and private sector through its Office of Sustainability and the Environment. Eighty-two percent of the city's public works vehicles now run on alternative fuels, including nearly 100% of the municipal bus system, making it among the largest such fleets in the country. Santa Monica fleet vehicles and Buses now source their natural gas from Redeem, a Southern California-based supplier of renewable and sustainable natural gas obtained from non-fracked methane biogas generated from organic landfill waste.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Humaya River",
"paragraph_text": "The Humaya River is a river in the state of Sinaloa, Mexico, that connects to the Tamazula River in the city of Culiacán to form the Culiacán River. The source of the river is the Sierra Madre Occidental mountains. The water flows from the north of the city. The water then flows to the Pacific Ocean.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Friant Dam",
"paragraph_text": "Friant Dam is a concrete gravity dam on the San Joaquin River in central California in the United States, on the boundary of Fresno and Madera Counties. It was built between 1937 and 1942 as part of a U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) water project to provide irrigation water to the southern San Joaquin Valley. The dam impounds Millerton Lake, a reservoir about north of Fresno.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Yorkend Lake (Ontario)",
"paragraph_text": "Yorkend Lake is a lake in Haliburton County, Ontario, Canada in the southern extension of Algonquin Park and is the source of the York River.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Central Valley Project",
"paragraph_text": "The Central Valley Project (CVP) is a federal water management project in the U.S. state of California under the supervision of the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR). It was devised in 1933 in order to provide irrigation and municipal water to much of California's Central Valley -- by regulating and storing water in reservoirs in the water - rich northern half of the state, and transporting it to the water - poor San Joaquin Valley and its surroundings by means of a series of canals, aqueducts and pump plants, some shared with the California State Water Project (SWP). Many CVP water users are represented by the Central Valley Project Water Association.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What is the source of the river where Southern California gets most of its water? | [
{
"id": 88376,
"question": "where does southern california get most of its water",
"answer": "The Colorado River",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 84230,
"question": "what is the source of #1",
"answer": "La Poudre Pass",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | La Poudre Pass | [] | true | 0 | 5 |
2hop__122993_12945 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Samuel van Houten",
"paragraph_text": "Van Houten was born in Groningen into a wealthy Mennonite family. His parents were Derk van Houten, a timber merchant and local politician, and his wife Barbara Elizabeth Meihuizen. After attending a Latin school from 1849 to 1854, he studied Law at the University of Groningen, obtaining a degree in 1859. He then worked as a lawyer. He quickly became involved in the city's politics, getting elected to the municipal council in 1864 and becoming one of the city's aldermen in 1867. About this time Van Houten left the Mennonite Church and became an agnostic.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Jackalyne Pfannenstiel",
"paragraph_text": "Jackalyne Pfannenstiel was educated at Clark University, receiving a B.A. in Economics. She then attended the University of Hartford, receiving an M.A. in Economics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "George Watts Hill",
"paragraph_text": "Born in New York City, the son of John Sprunt Hill and Annie Louise Watts, George Watts Hill grew up in Durham and attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill where he earned a Bachelor of Science in Commerce in 1922 and law degree in 1924. At UNC he was a member of Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity. He married Ann Austin McCulloch on September 30, 1924. Following a ten-month honeymoon around the world, the couple made their home in Harwood Hall, the mansion that his grandfather, George Washington Watts, had built.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Gwen Harwood",
"paragraph_text": "Gwen Harwood AO (8 June 19204 December 1995), née Gwendoline Nessie Foster, was an Australian poet and librettist. Gwen Harwood is regarded as one of Australia's finest poets, publishing over 420 works, including 386 poems and 13 librettos. She won numerous poetry awards and prizes, and one of Australia's most significant poetry prizes, the Gwen Harwood Poetry Prize is named for her. Her work is commonly studied in schools and university courses.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Gavrik Losey",
"paragraph_text": "Gavrik was born in New York, the son of film director Joseph Losey and fashion designer Elizabeth Hawes. He attended the Little Red SchoolHouse in Manhattan, Poughkeepsie Day School in Poughkeepsie, and high school in New Jersey. After graduating, he travelled with his blacklisted father to England where he attended University College London.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Harwood Township, Champaign County, Illinois",
"paragraph_text": "Harwood Township is a township in Champaign County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2010 census, its population was 623 and it contained 282 housing units.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Elizabeth Lochley",
"paragraph_text": "Elizabeth Lochley is a lead fictional character from the universe of the science fiction television series \"Babylon 5\" and \"Crusade\", played by Tracy Scoggins.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Association football",
"paragraph_text": "The Cambridge Rules, first drawn up at Cambridge University in 1848, were particularly influential in the development of subsequent codes, including association football. The Cambridge Rules were written at Trinity College, Cambridge, at a meeting attended by representatives from Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester and Shrewsbury schools. They were not universally adopted. During the 1850s, many clubs unconnected to schools or universities were formed throughout the English-speaking world, to play various forms of football. Some came up with their own distinct codes of rules, most notably the Sheffield Football Club, formed by former public school pupils in 1857, which led to formation of a Sheffield FA in 1867. In 1862, John Charles Thring of Uppingham School also devised an influential set of rules.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Affirmative action in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "In the US, a prominent form of racial preferences relates to access to education, particularly admission to universities and other forms of higher education. Race, ethnicity, native language, social class, geographical origin, parental attendance of the university in question (legacy admissions), and/or gender are sometimes taken into account when the university assesses an applicant's grades and test scores. Individuals can also be awarded scholarships and have fees paid on the basis of criteria listed above. In 1978, the Supreme Court ruled in Bakke v. Regents that public universities (and other government institutions) could not set specific numerical targets based on race for admissions or employment. The Court said that \"goals\" and \"timetables\" for diversity could be set instead.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Marli Harwood",
"paragraph_text": "Marli Harwood (born Marilena Buck, Lytham St Annes, Lancashire, England), also known as Marli Buck, is a British singer and songwriter. A piano and guitar player, she is of Eritrean, Italian, Welsh and English extraction.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Elizabeth Brumfiel",
"paragraph_text": "Elizabeth M. Brumfiel (born Elizabeth Stern; March 10, 1945 – January 1, 2012) was an American archaeologist who taught at Northwestern University and Albion College. She had been a president of the American Anthropological Association.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Rex Cherryman",
"paragraph_text": "Born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, Rex Cherryman attended Colgate University, (Hamilton, New York) in 1915-1916. He transferred to the University of Michigan (Ann Arbor) in 1916. There he met fellow student Esther Louise Lamb. Esther and Rex were married February 9, 1918. They had one son, Rexford Raymond Cherryman, Jr., born October 10, 1925. Rexford, Jr. married Beatrice Wishard in 1950. They had two daughters: Ann Elizabeth Cherryman (born 1951) and Constance Lamb Cherryman (born 1954).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Kelvin Hopkins",
"paragraph_text": "Kelvin Hopkins was born in Leicester, son of physicist Harold Hopkins FRS. He was educated at Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School for Boys, Barnet, north London; he then attended the University of Nottingham where he was awarded a BA degree in Politics, Economics and Mathematics with Statistics. Between 1958 and 1963, he was a \"semi-professional\" jazz musician, playing tenor saxophone and clarinet.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Lawrence Heyworth Mills",
"paragraph_text": "Mills was born in New York City to Philo L. Mills and Elizabeth Caroline Kane and attended school in Fairfax County, Virginia and in New York at New York University and finally moved to Oxford in 1887.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Elizabeth Harwood",
"paragraph_text": "Janet Baker said this about Harwood: \"Elizabeth was the most beloved of my colleagues, a beautiful person in every way. Her art lit up the stage.\" The Elizabeth Harwood Memorial Award for Singers is given every year by the Royal Northern College of Music.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Harwood Greenhalgh",
"paragraph_text": "Ernest Harwood Greenhalgh (6 March 1849 - 11 July 1922) was an English footballer who played for England as a full back in the first international match against Scotland.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Differences (journal)",
"paragraph_text": "Differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies (stylized \"difference\"s\"\") is a peer-reviewed academic journal that was established in 1989 by Naomi Schor and Elizabeth Weed. It covers research in cultural studies. The current editors-in-chief are Elizabeth Weed and Ellen Rooney. The journal, though autonomous, is housed by the Pembroke Center for Teaching and Research on Women (Brown University). It was originally published by Indiana University Press, but since 2003 (volume 14) it has been published by Duke University Press.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Cornelius Darragh",
"paragraph_text": "Cornelius Darragh was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the son of John Darragh, Jr. and Margaret \"Peggy\" Calhoun, one of six children. He attended the Western University of Pennsylvania, and graduated with the class of 1826. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1829 and commenced practice in Pittsburgh. In 1830, he married Mary Holmes Simpson. They had two daughters, Margaret Calhoun and Elizabeth Simpson.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Lancashire",
"paragraph_text": "More recent Lancashire-born composers include Hugh Wood (1932- Parbold), Sir Peter Maxwell Davies (1934-, Salford), Sir Harrison Birtwistle (1934-, Accrington), Gordon Crosse (1937-, Bury),John McCabe (1939-2015, Huyton), Roger Smalley (1943-2015, Swinton), Nigel Osborne (1948-, Manchester), Steve Martland (1954-2013, Liverpool), Simon Holt (1958-, Bolton) and Philip Cashian (1963-, Manchester). The Royal Manchester College of Music was founded in 1893 to provide a northern counterpart to the London musical colleges. It merged with the Northern College of Music (formed in 1920) to form the Royal Northern College of Music in 1972.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Dallas Hilton",
"paragraph_text": "The Dallas Hilton, also known as Hilton Hotel and today operating as the Dallas Hotel Indigo, is a historic structure located at the corner of Main Street and S. Harwood Street in downtown Dallas, Texas (USA). The hotel is a contributing property in the Harwood Street Historic District and Main Street District. It is also located across the street from Main Street Garden Park.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | When was the university Elizabeth Harwood attended formed? | [
{
"id": 122993,
"question": "What university did Elizabeth Harwood attend?",
"answer": "Royal Northern College of Music",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 12945,
"question": "When was #1 formed?",
"answer": "1972",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | 1972 | [] | true | 0 | 5 |
2hop__3826_78497 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Ho Chi Minh City",
"paragraph_text": "Ho Chi Minh City Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh Saigon or Sài Gòn Municipality Thành phố trực thuộc trung ương Clockwise, from left to right: Bến Thành Market, Ho Chi Minh City Hall, District 1 view from Saigon river, Municipal Theatre, Notre - Dame Cathedral Basilica of Saigon, Independence Palace Seal Nickname (s): Pearl of the Far East Location in Vietnam and Southern Vietnam Coordinates: 10 ° 46 ′ 36.8 ''N 106 ° 42 ′ 02.9'' E / 10.776889 ° N 106.700806 ° E / 10.776889; 106.700806 Coordinates: 10 ° 46 ′ 36.8 ''N 106 ° 42 ′ 02.9'' E / 10.776889 ° N 106.700806 ° E / 10.776889; 106.700806 Country Vietnam Central district District 1 Founded as Gia Định 1698 Renamed to Ho Chi Minh City 1976 Founded by Nguyễn Hữu Cảnh Divisions 19 Urban districts, 5 Suburban districts Government Type Special - class Secretary of Communist Party Nguyễn Thiện Nhân Chairman of People's Committee Nguyễn Thành Phong Chairman of People's Council Nguyễn Thị Quyết Tâm Area Total 2,096.56 km (809.23 sq mi) Elevation 19 m (63 ft) Population (2016) Total 8,426,100 Rank 1st Density 4,000 / km (10,000 / sq mi) GDP (PPP) (2015 estimate) Total US $127.8 billion Per capita US $15,977 GRDP (nominal) (2016) Total US $45.73 billion Per capita US $5,428 Time zone ICT (UTC + 07: 00) Area codes 8 (until 16 Jul 2017) 28 (from 17 Jun 2017) Website hochiminhcity.gov.vn",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Cycling at the 1904 Summer Olympics – 25 miles",
"paragraph_text": "The 25 miles was a track cycling event held as part of the Cycling at the 1904 Summer Olympics programme. It was the only time this event was held at the Olympics. 10 cyclists, all from the United States, competed.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "FA Cup Final",
"paragraph_text": "After the 1873 final was held at Lillie Bridge, the event was held at the Oval until 1892. The 1893 and 1894 finals were respectively held at Fallowfield Stadium in Manchester and Goodison Park in Liverpool, before the event returned to London in 1895, being held at Crystal Palace until the outbreak of World War I. After the war, the event was held at Stamford Bridge, before Wembley Stadium opened in 1923. The first final at Wembley, in which Bolton Wanderers beat West Ham United 2 -- 0, had an official attendance of 126,047, although the actual figure is believed to be as much as 300,000.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Athletics at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's 3000 metres team race",
"paragraph_text": "The men's 3000 metres team race was a track and field athletics event held as part of the athletics at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the fourth appearance of a team race style event, though the first to be held at the distance of 3000 metres, which became the standard until the event was eliminated following the 1924 Summer Olympics. The competition was held on Friday, July 12, 1912 and on Saturday, July 13, 1912.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or \"self-reliance\", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Eastport, Michigan",
"paragraph_text": "Eastport is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Torch Lake Township, Antrim County, in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 218 at the 2010 census.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Bobsleigh at the 2018 Winter Olympics",
"paragraph_text": "Bobsleigh at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Alpensia Sliding Centre near Pyeongchang, South Korea. The events were scheduled to take place between 18 and 25 February 2018. A total of three bobsleigh events were held.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Equestrian at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Team eventing",
"paragraph_text": "The team eventing was an equestrian event held as part of the Equestrian at the 1964 Summer Olympics programme. The event was held from 16 October to 19 October, and consisted merely of summing the scores of the team's top 3 (out of 4) horse and rider pairs in the individual eventing.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Indonesia: The Olympic flame reached Jakarta on April 22. The original 20 km relay through Jakarta was cancelled due to \"security worries\", at the request of the Chinese embassy, and the torch was instead carried round the city main's stadium, as it had been in Islamabad. Several dozen pro-Tibet protesters gathered near the stadium, and were dispersed by the police. The event was held in the streets around the city main's stadium. The cancelling of the relay through the city itself was decided due to security concerns and at the request of the Chinese embassy. Only invitees and journalists were admitted inside the stadium. Protests took place outside the stadium.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "2018 Winter Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "The 2018 Winter Olympics torch relay began 24 October 2017 and ended on 9 February 2018, in advance of the 2018 Winter Olympics. After being lit in Olympia, Greece, the torch traveled to Athens on 31 October. The torch began its Korean journey on 1 November, visiting all Regions of Korea. The Korean leg began in Incheon: the torch travelled across the country for 101 days. 7,500 relay runners participated in the torch relay over a distance of 2,017 km. The torchbearers each carried the flame for 200 metres. The relay ended in Pyeongchang's Olympic Stadium, the main venue of the 2018 Olympics. The final torch was lit by figure skater Yuna Kim.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Argentina: The torch relay leg in Buenos Aires, Argentina, held on April 11, began with an artistic show at the Lola Mora amphitheatre in Costanera Sur. In the end of the show the mayor of Buenos Aires Mauricio Macri gave the torch to the first torchbearer, Carlos Espínola. The leg finished at the Buenos Aires Riding Club in the Palermo district, the last torchbearer being Gabriela Sabatini. The 13.8 km route included landmarks like the obelisk and Plaza de Mayo. The day was marked by several pro-Tibet protests, which included a giant banner reading \"Free Tibet\", and an alternative \"human rights torch\" that was lit by protesters and paraded along the route the flame was to take. Most of these protests were peaceful in nature, and the torch was not impeded. Chinese immigrants also turned out in support of the Games, but only minor scuffles were reported between both groups. Runners surrounded by rows of security carried the Olympic flame past thousands of jubilant Argentines in the most trouble-free torch relay in nearly a week. People showered the parade route with confetti as banks, government offices and businesses took an impromptu half-day holiday for the only Latin American stop on the flame's five-continent journey.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Equestrian at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Individual jumping",
"paragraph_text": "The individual jumping was an equestrian event held as part of the Equestrian at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the second appearance of the event, which had first been held at the 1900 Summer Olympics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Turkey: The torch relay leg in Istanbul, held on April 3, started on Sultanahmet Square and finished in Taksim Square. Uyghurs living in Turkey protested at Chinese treatment of their compatriots living in Xinjiang. Several protesters who tried to disrupt the relay were promptly arrested by the police.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Fencing at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's sabre",
"paragraph_text": "The men's sabre was a fencing event held as part of the Fencing at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the fifth appearance of the event.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Dengue fever",
"paragraph_text": "International Anti-Dengue Day is observed every year on 15 June. The idea was first agreed upon in 2010 with the first event held in Jakarta, Indonesia in 2011. Further events were held in 2012 in Yangon, Myanmar and in 2013 in Vietnam. Goals are to increase public awareness about dengue, mobilize resources for its prevention and control and, to demonstrate the Asian region's commitment in tackling the disease.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Swimming at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's 1 mile freestyle",
"paragraph_text": "The men's 1 mile freestyle was a swimming event held as part of the Swimming at the 1904 Summer Olympics programme. It was the first time the event was held at such a distance at the Olympics and the only time the mile was used; later incarnations of the event used 1500 metres as the distance.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Floyd James Thompson",
"paragraph_text": "Floyd James ``Jim ''Thompson (July 8, 1933 -- July 16, 2002) was a United States Army colonel. He was the longest held American prisoner of war in U.S. history, spending nearly nine years in captivity in the jungle camps and mountains of South Vietnam and Laos, and in North Vietnam during the Vietnam War.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Vietnam: The event was held in Ho Chi Minh City on April 29. Some 60 torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium near Tan Son Nhat International Airport along an undisclosed route. Vietnam is involved in a territorial dispute with China (and other countries) for sovereignty of the Spratly and Paracel Islands; tensions have risen recently[when?] following reports that the Chinese government had established a county-level city named Sansha in the disputed territories, resulting in anti-Chinese demonstrations in December 2007 in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. However to sustain its relationship with China the Vietnamese government has actively sought to head off protests during the torch relay, with Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng warning government agencies that \"hostile forces\" may try to disrupt the torch relay.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Torch Lake Township, Antrim County, Michigan",
"paragraph_text": "Torch Lake Township is a civil township of Antrim County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the township population was 1,194.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What is the population of the city where the torch event was held in Vietnam? | [
{
"id": 3826,
"question": "Where was the torch event held in Vietnam?",
"answer": "Ho Chi Minh City.",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 78497,
"question": "what is the population of #1",
"answer": "8,426,100",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | 8,426,100 | [] | true | 0 | 5 |
2hop__147332_797858 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Norbert Vesak",
"paragraph_text": "Norbert Vesak (October 22, 1936 – October 2, 1990), one of Canada's leading choreographers in the 1970s, was a ballet dancer, choreographer, theatrical director, master teacher, dance columnist, lecturer, and opera ballet director, known for his unique, flamboyant style and his multimedia approach to classical and contemporary choreography. He is credited with helping to bring modern dance to Western Canada.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Dog",
"paragraph_text": "The longest-lived breeds, including Toy Poodles, Japanese Spitz, Border Terriers, and Tibetan Spaniels, have median longevities of 14 to 15 years. The median longevity of mixed-breed dogs, taken as an average of all sizes, is one or more years longer than that of purebred dogs when all breeds are averaged. The dog widely reported to be the longest-lived is \"Bluey\", who died in 1939 and was claimed to be 29.5 years old at the time of his death. On 5 December 2011, Pusuke, the world's oldest living dog recognized by Guinness Book of World Records, died aged 26 years and 9 months.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Norbert Lossau",
"paragraph_text": "Norbert Lossau (born 20 June 1962) is a German librarian. He has been the Director of the Göttingen State and University Library in Göttingen from 2006 to 2013. Since 2013 he is Vice President of the University of Göttingen.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "École/Collège régional Gabrielle-Roy",
"paragraph_text": "École/Collège régional Gabrielle-Roy, built in 1984, is a French-language high school in Île-des-Chênes, Manitoba, Canada. It gathers students from the communities of Île-des-Chênes, Lorette, St. Norbert, La Salle, St. Adolphe, Ste. Agathe, Dufresne, Niverville, Grande Pointe and Ste. Genevieve. The E/CRGR forces itself to be the prolongation of the Franco-Manitoban family by making French language first, therefore immersing the students in their culture and making it an active part of their daily lives.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Norbert Frýd",
"paragraph_text": "Norbert Frýd (born Norbert Fried) (21 April 1913 – 18 March 1976) was a Czech writer, journalist and diplomat. He is known mainly for his autobiographical novel \"Krabice živých\" (A Box of Lives, 1956), in which he describes his experiences in Nazi concentration camps. During World War II, he was imprisoned in the Theresienstadt, Auschwitz and Dachau-Kaufering concentration camps.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Helfert Nunatak",
"paragraph_text": "Helfert Nunatak () is a prominent rock nunatak standing west of Mount Sharp of the Sentinel Range, in the Ellsworth Mountains of Antarctica. It was discovered and visited by the Marie Byrd Land Traverse party, 1957–58, under C.R. Bentley, and named for Norbert F. Helfert, a meteorologist at Byrd Station in 1957.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Norbert Pfretzschner",
"paragraph_text": "Norbert Pfretzschner (1 September 1850, Kufstein - 28 December 1927, Lana an der Etsch) was an Austrian sculptor and author of books on hunting.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Norbert-Bertrand Barbe",
"paragraph_text": "Norbert-Bertrand Barbe is a French art historian, semiologist, artist and writer. He was born in 1968 and has a master's degree in art history (Université Paris X, 1991) and a Ph.d. in Comparative Literature (Université d'Orléans, 1996). He is an Honorary Member of the Nicaraguan Academy of Language.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Lana, South Tyrol",
"paragraph_text": "Lana (; ) is a \"comune\" (municipality) in South Tyrol in northern Italy. It is situated in the Etschtal (Etsch Valley) between Bolzano and Merano and at the entrance to the Ultental. The population rose to 11,206 in 2010.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Cadwallader Blayney, 10th Baron Blayney",
"paragraph_text": "Cadwallader Blayney, 10th Baron Blayney (1769 – 2 April 1784) became a lord in 1775, and lived on the family estate in Castleblayney, Ireland. He died in 1784.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Fourth power",
"paragraph_text": "In arithmetic and algebra, the fourth power of a number n is the result of multiplying four instances of n together. So:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "City of New Orleans (song)",
"paragraph_text": "``City of New Orleans ''Single by Steve Goodman from the album Steve Goodman B - side`` Would You Like to Learn to Dance?'' Released 1971 Format 7 ''Recorded 1971 Genre Folk Length 3: 52 Label Buddah Songwriter (s) Steve Goodman Producer (s) Kris Kristofferson, Norbert Putnam",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Norbert Dumas",
"paragraph_text": "Norbert Dumas (October 22, 1812 – April 19, 1869) was a lawyer and political figure in Canada East. He represented Leinster in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1848 to 1851.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "List of Bloodline episodes",
"paragraph_text": "Bloodline is an American Netflix original thriller -- drama television series created by Todd A. Kessler, Glenn Kessler, and Daniel Zelman. The series stars Kyle Chandler, Ben Mendelsohn, Linda Cardellini, Norbert Leo Butz, Sam Shepard, and Sissy Spacek among the main cast, and it focuses on the lives of the Rayburn family, which owns and runs an oceanfront hotel in the Florida Keys. The first 13 - episode season premiered on Netflix, on March 20, 2015. The second season, comprising 10 episodes, was released on May 27, 2016. On July 13, 2016, the series was renewed for a 10 - episode third season, later confirmed to be the final season. The third and final season was released on May 26, 2017.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Norbert Guterman",
"paragraph_text": "Norbert Guterman (1900–1984) was a scholar, and translator of scholarly and literary works from French, Polish and Latin into English. His translations were remarkable for their range of subject matter and high quality.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Infinite monkey theorem",
"paragraph_text": "In this context, ``almost surely ''is a mathematical term with a precise meaning, and the`` monkey'' is not an actual monkey, but a metaphor for an abstract device that produces an endless random sequence of letters and symbols. One of the earliest instances of the use of the ``monkey metaphor ''is that of French mathematician Émile Borel in 1913, but the first instance may have been even earlier.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Computational complexity theory",
"paragraph_text": "To further highlight the difference between a problem and an instance, consider the following instance of the decision version of the traveling salesman problem: Is there a route of at most 2000 kilometres passing through all of Germany's 15 largest cities? The quantitative answer to this particular problem instance is of little use for solving other instances of the problem, such as asking for a round trip through all sites in Milan whose total length is at most 10 km. For this reason, complexity theory addresses computational problems and not particular problem instances.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Richard Sapir",
"paragraph_text": "Richard Sapir was a graduate of Columbia University and lived with his wife in New Hampshire before he died in 1987 from a heart attack.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Raymond Abescat",
"paragraph_text": "Raymond Abescat (September 10, 1891 in Paris – August 25, 2001 in Rueil-Malmaison) was one of the last surviving veterans of World War I in France, its oldest living man and its oldest living veteran when he died aged 109 years, 349 days.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Down Twisted",
"paragraph_text": "Down Twisted is a 1987 thriller film, directed by Albert Pyun, starring Carey Lowell, Charles Rocket, Courteney Cox, Norbert Weisser, Linda Kerridge, Trudy Dotchterman and Nicholas Guest.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] | What type of community is the municipality where Norbert Pfretzschner died, an instance of? | [
{
"id": 147332,
"question": "Where did Norbert Pfretzschner live when he died?",
"answer": "Lana",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 797858,
"question": "#1 >> instance of",
"answer": "comune",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | comune | [
"Comune"
] | true | 0 | 3 |
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