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utterance stringlengths 2 2.34k	corrupted_uncased stringlengths 0 2.34k	corrupted_cased stringlengths 0 2.32k	utterance_uncased stringlengths 2 2.34k
No, it's illegal.	no it's	No it's	no, it's illegal.
It is illegal, so you are taking part in illegal drugs?	it is illegal so you are taking part in illegal	It. is illegal so you are taking part in illegal	it is illegal, so you are taking part in illegal drugs?
I mean, I'm aware of that. I've stop taken it. I don't think that it - it gives me the jitters. It makes me feel bad afterwards. It's a pretty harsh thing if aren't prescribed it and you're not used to it, it can be pretty jarring.	i, mean i'm aware of that i've, stop taken it i don't think that it - it gives me the jitters it makes me feel bad afterwards it's a pretty harsh thing if aren't prescribed it and you're not used to it it can, be pretty	I mean I'm aware of, that I've stop taken it I don't. think, that it - it gives me the jitters It, makes me feel bad, afterwards It's a pretty harsh thing if aren't prescribed it and, you're not used to it it can be pretty.	i mean, i'm aware of that. i've stop taken it. i don't think that it - it gives me the jitters. it makes me feel bad afterwards. it's a pretty harsh thing if aren't prescribed it and you're not used to it, it can be pretty jarring.
Yeah. Well, Murray, thank you so much for calling in. It's been interesting hearing from somebody who's actually used these kinds of drugs, and I really appreciate your calling in. Thank you.	yeah. well murray thank you so much for calling in it's been interesting hearing, from somebody who's. actually used these kinds of drugs and i really appreciate your, calling in thank	Yeah Well Murray thank you so. much for. calling; in It's been interesting hearing from somebody who's actually used these kinds of. drugs and I really appreciate, your calling in; Thank	yeah. well, murray, thank you so much for calling in. it's been interesting hearing from somebody who's actually used these kinds of drugs, and i really appreciate your calling in. thank you.
Thank you.	thank	Thank	thank you.
Barbara Sahakian, interesting hearing from Murray and what he had to say. And one thing I'm interested in that I wonder if you can explain - I don't - do they take these like just one at a time when they have a test or is this something that they've been start taking all the time. I'm not clear how they take them. And ...	barbara sahakian interesting hearing from murray. and what he had to say and, one thing, i'm, interested in that i wonder if you can explain - i don't - do they take these like just one at a time when they have a test or is this something that they've. been start taking all, the time i'm not clear how they take them an...	Barbara Sahakian interesting hearing from Murray and what. he had to say And one thing I'm. interested in that I wonder if you can explain - I don't - do they take these like just one, at a time when they have a; test or is this something that they've been start taking all the time I'm not clear how they take them And ...	barbara sahakian, interesting hearing from murray and what he had to say. and one thing i'm interested in that i wonder if you can explain - i don't - do they take these like just one at a time when they have a test or is this something that they've been start taking all the time. i'm not clear how they take them. and ...
Yes. I think it's different patterns for different people, obviously, but I think what he discussed is very typical, so it was very helpful that he was, you know, forthright about it because in this "Professor's Little Helper" commentary, we had some letters in response and one of them came from Nora Volkow who is head...	yes i think it's different patterns for different people. obviously but i, think what he discussed is very typical so it was very helpful that he was you know forthright about. it; because in this "professor's little helper" commentary we had some letters in response and one of them came from nora volkow who is head of...	Yes I think it's different patterns for different people obviously but I think what he discussed is very. typical. so it was very helpful that he was you know forthright about it, because in this "Professor's Little Helper" commentary we had some letters in. response and one of them came from Nora Volkow who is head of...	yes. i think it's different patterns for different people, obviously, but i think what he discussed is very typical, so it was very helpful that he was, you know, forthright about it because in this "professor's little helper" commentary, we had some letters in response and one of them came from nora volkow who is head...
We have to take a break here and when we come back, we're going to continue with you, Barbara Sahakian, and Dr. Nora Volkow is going to join us in the studio as well as we continue this discussion about brain-enhancement drugs.	we. have; to take, a break here and when we come back we're going to continue with you barbara sahakian and dr nora volkow is, going to join us in the studio as well as, we continue this discussion, about, brain-enhancement	We. have to take a break here and when we come back we're going to continue with you Barbara Sahakian and Dr Nora Volkow, is going to join us in the studio as well as we continue this discussion about brain-enhancement	we have to take a break here and when we come back, we're going to continue with you, barbara sahakian, and dr. nora volkow is going to join us in the studio as well as we continue this discussion about brain-enhancement drugs.
I'm Lynn Neary. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.	i'm lynn neary you're listening to talk of the nation from npr	I'm Lynn. Neary You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR.	i'm lynn neary. you're listening to talk of the nation from npr news.
(Soundbite of music)	(soundbite of	(Soundbite of	(soundbite of music)
This is TALK OF THE NATION. I'm Lynn Neary in Washington, sitting in for Neal Conan.	this is talk of the nation i'm lynn neary in washington sitting in for neal.	This is TALK OF THE NATION I'm Lynn Neary. in, Washington sitting in, for Neal	this is talk of the nation. i'm lynn neary in washington, sitting in for neal conan.
If you've ever pulled an all-nighter on an exam or for a presentation, maybe you've made yourself a big pot of coffee to stay alert. Nowadays you might be more likely to pop an Adderall to boost your brain power. But is that ethical? We're talking about brain-enhancement with Barbara Sahakian, professor of clinical neu...	if. you've ever pulled an all-nighter on. an exam or for a presentation maybe you've made yourself. a, big. pot. of coffee, to stay alert nowadays, you might be more likely to pop an adderall to, boost your brain power but is that ethical? we're talking about; brain-enhancement with. barbara sahakian professor of. clin...	If you've ever pulled an all-nighter on an exam or for a presentation maybe you've made yourself a big pot of coffee to stay alert Nowadays you might be more likely to pop an Adderall to boost your brain power But, is that ethical? We're. talking about brain-enhancement with Barbara Sahakian professor, of; clinical neu...	if you've ever pulled an all-nighter on an exam or for a presentation, maybe you've made yourself a big pot of coffee to stay alert. nowadays you might be more likely to pop an adderall to boost your brain power. but is that ethical? we're talking about brain-enhancement with barbara sahakian, professor of clinical neu...
And joining me in Studio 3A also is Dr. Nora Volkow. I'm going to get to her in a moment, but I just want to give you, Prof. Sahakian, a chance to finish your thought because we had to take a break. And you're in a middle of a thought as we took that break.	and joining me in studio 3a also is dr nora volkow. i'm going to get. to her in; a moment but i just want to give. you, prof sahakian a, chance. to finish your thought because we had to take a break and you're in a middle of a thought as we took that	And. joining me in Studio 3A also is Dr Nora Volkow I'm going to get to her in a moment but I just want to give you, Prof; Sahakian a chance to finish your thought because we had to take a break And you're in a middle, of a thought as we took that	and joining me in studio 3a also is dr. nora volkow. i'm going to get to her in a moment, but i just want to give you, prof. sahakian, a chance to finish your thought because we had to take a break. and you're in a middle of a thought as we took that break.
Yes, well, of course, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder for which of these - this Ritalin, this methylphenidate is prescribed is a spectrum disorder. So on the extreme means, people obviously have very severe symptoms but towards the middle, you know, it starts to blend with the normal population. So when do you...	yes well of course attention deficit hyperactivity disorder for which of these - this ritalin this methylphenidate is prescribed is a spectrum disorder so on the extreme means people obviously have. very severe symptoms but towards the middle you. know; it starts to blend with the normal population. so when do you, dec...	Yes well of course attention deficit hyperactivity disorder for which of these - this Ritalin this methylphenidate is prescribed is a spectrum disorder So on the, extreme means people obviously have very severe symptoms but. towards the middle you, know. it starts to blend with the. normal population, So when, do you d...	yes, well, of course, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder for which of these - this ritalin, this methylphenidate is prescribed is a spectrum disorder. so on the extreme means, people obviously have very severe symptoms but towards the middle, you know, it starts to blend with the normal population. so when do you...
Certainly with modafinil, we've found that some people are - people don't seem to take them every day for cognitive enhancement. They seem to either take them for a jetlag or they take them for particularly important intellectual challenge. But I have heard of people taking it just to stay up and enhance their attentio...	certainly with. modafinil we've found that some people are - people don't seem. to take them every day for cognitive enhancement they seem to either take them for; a jetlag or they take them for particularly important. intellectual challenge but i have; heard of, people taking it, just to stay up and enhance their atte...	Certainly. with modafinil we've found that some people are - people don't seem, to take, them every day for cognitive enhancement They, seem to either take them for a jetlag or they take them for particularly important intellectual challenge But I have heard of people taking it just to stay up. and enhance their attent...	certainly with modafinil, we've found that some people are - people don't seem to take them every day for cognitive enhancement. they seem to either take them for a jetlag or they take them for particularly important intellectual challenge. but i have heard of people taking it just to stay up and enhance their attentio...
Hmm. Well, let me turn now to Dr. Nora Volkow. She is the director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse. She wrote a response to Barbara Sahakian's commentary in the journal Nature. And Dr. Volkow is with me in Studio 3A.	hmm well let me turn now to dr nora, volkow she is the director of the national institute on, drug abuse she wrote, a response to barbara sahakian's commentary in the journal nature and dr volkow is with me in studio	Hmm Well let me turn now to Dr Nora Volkow She is the director of the, National Institute. on Drug Abuse She wrote a, response to Barbara Sahakian's commentary in, the journal Nature And Dr Volkow is with. me in Studio	hmm. well, let me turn now to dr. nora volkow. she is the director of the national institute on drug abuse. she wrote a response to barbara sahakian's commentary in the journal nature. and dr. volkow is with me in studio 3a.
It's so good to have you with us. Welcome to the program. Dr. Volkow, can you tell us how addictive are these drugs? Are they addictive?	it's so good to have you with us welcome to the program, dr volkow can you tell us how addictive are these; drugs? are they,	It's so good to have you with us Welcome to the program Dr Volkow, can you tell; us, how addictive are these drugs? Are they	it's so good to have you with us. welcome to the program. dr. volkow, can you tell us how addictive are these drugs? are they addictive?
Well, good afternoon.	well good,	Well good	well, good afternoon.
And stimulant medications are just like actually have an effect that is similar to that of drugs of abuse, which is, Barbara was commenting about it, it increases dopamine in the brain. And this is the mechanism that is believed to underline the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse that produces addiction. So yes, indee...	and stimulant medications are just like actually have an effect that, is similar to that, of drugs of abuse which is barbara was commenting about it it increases dopamine, in the brain. and this is the mechanism that is believed to underline the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse that produces addiction so yes indeed ...	And stimulant medications are just like actually have an effect that is similar, to that of drugs of abuse which is Barbara was commenting about it it increases dopamine in the brain, And this is the mechanism. that. is. believed to underline the rewarding effects of drugs, of abuse that produces addiction So yes indee...	and stimulant medications are just like actually have an effect that is similar to that of drugs of abuse, which is, barbara was commenting about it, it increases dopamine in the brain. and this is the mechanism that is believed to underline the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse that produces addiction. so yes, indee...
Yeah. We heard from a caller already who was describing the effect a little bit. He said, you know, sometimes you get jittery from these drugs. I wonder if you can expand on what he might have been trying to describe a little bit more.	yeah we heard, from a caller already who was describing the, effect a little bit he said you know sometimes you get jittery from these drugs i wonder if. you can. expand on what he might have been trying to describe a little bit	Yeah We heard from a caller already who was describing the effect a little. bit He said, you know sometimes you. get jittery; from these drugs I wonder if you can expand. on, what he might have been trying to describe a little bit.	yeah. we heard from a caller already who was describing the effect a little bit. he said, you know, sometimes you get jittery from these drugs. i wonder if you can expand on what he might have been trying to describe a little bit more.
Well, indeed, when you - the responses to stimulant medication varies enormously among people and also the effects of methylphenidate are somewhat different from those of amphetamine. Over all, amphetamine is a more potent stimulant and its effects are longer lasting. And because it's stimulating dopamine at much highe...	well indeed when you - the responses to stimulant medication varies enormously among people and also the effects of methylphenidate are somewhat different from those of amphetamine over all amphetamine is a more potent stimulant and its, effects, are. longer lasting and, because it's stimulating dopamine at much higher...	Well indeed when you - the responses to stimulant medication varies enormously among people, and also. the effects of methylphenidate are somewhat different from those of amphetamine Over all amphetamine is a more. potent stimulant and its effects are longer lasting And because it's stimulating dopamine at much higher;...	well, indeed, when you - the responses to stimulant medication varies enormously among people and also the effects of methylphenidate are somewhat different from those of amphetamine. over all, amphetamine is a more potent stimulant and its effects are longer lasting. and because it's stimulating dopamine at much highe...
Also, he mentioned that he didn't necessarily like the fact of how he felt after the drug is over. And that indeed is described by some individuals as feeling like a crash. They fell with no energy and they cannot concentrate which is of course problematic particularly if you're starting to feel like that just before y...	also he mentioned that he didn't necessarily like the fact of how he felt after the drug is over and that. indeed is. described by some individuals as, feeling like a crash they fell with no, energy and they cannot concentrate which is of course problematic particularly if you're. starting to feel like that just before...	Also he mentioned that he didn't necessarily like the fact of how he felt after the drug is over And that indeed is described by some individuals as feeling like a crash They fell with no energy and they cannot concentrate which is of course problematic particularly, if you're starting, to feel like that just before yo...	also, he mentioned that he didn't necessarily like the fact of how he felt after the drug is over. and that indeed is described by some individuals as feeling like a crash. they fell with no energy and they cannot concentrate which is of course problematic particularly if you're starting to feel like that just before y...
So what we need to understand when you're using these medications is that when you use them outside the prescribed purposes, you are going to be producing adaptation changes in your brain that can be deleterious to performance.	so what we. need to understand when you're using these medications is that when you use them outside the, prescribed purposes you are going to be producing adaptation changes in your; brain that; can, be deleterious to	So what we need to understand when you're using these medications is that when you. use them outside. the prescribed purposes you, are going to be producing adaptation changes, in; your brain that can be deleterious to	so what we need to understand when you're using these medications is that when you use them outside the prescribed purposes, you are going to be producing adaptation changes in your brain that can be deleterious to performance.
And the other thing that is important for people to know is that not everybody improves when they take a stimulant medication. There's numerous stories that have actually shown that in some individuals and for certain tasks, the performance can actually deteriorate when they take stimulant medication.	and. the other thing that, is important for. people to know; is that not everybody improves when they take. a stimulant medication. there's numerous stories. that have actually shown that in some individuals and for certain tasks the performance. can. actually deteriorate when they. take stimulant	And the other thing that is important. for people to know is that not everybody improves when they take a stimulant medication There's numerous stories that have, actually shown that, in some individuals and for certain tasks the; performance can actually deteriorate when they take. stimulant	and the other thing that is important for people to know is that not everybody improves when they take a stimulant medication. there's numerous stories that have actually shown that in some individuals and for certain tasks, the performance can actually deteriorate when they take stimulant medication.
How would they deteriorate - what do you mean, they deteriorate?	how would they deteriorate - what do you mean they	How would they deteriorate - what do you mean they	how would they deteriorate - what do you mean, they deteriorate?
For example, one of the things that happens when an individual is taking a stimulant, and was reported by the caller, is you can concentrate much better but that concentration can go to the extreme, to make you actually perseverate on that particular task and being enabled to shift from that task to another one that ma...	for example. one of the things that happens, when an individual, is taking a stimulant and was reported. by the. caller is you can concentrate. much better but that concentration can, go to the extreme to make you actually perseverate on that particular task and being enabled to shift from that task. to another one tha...	For example one of the things that, happens when an individual is taking a stimulant and was reported by, the caller is you can concentrate much, better but that concentration can go. to the extreme to make you. actually perseverate on that particular task and being enabled to shift from that task to another one that m...	for example, one of the things that happens when an individual is taking a stimulant, and was reported by the caller, is you can concentrate much better but that concentration can go to the extreme, to make you actually perseverate on that particular task and being enabled to shift from that task to another one that ma...
Oh, I see, so you're focusing so intensely on one thing that you're not able to go back and forth and…	oh i see so you're focusing, so intensely on one thing that you're not able to go back and forth	Oh I see so you're, focusing so, intensely on one thing that you're not able to go back and forth	oh, i see, so you're focusing so intensely on one thing that you're not able to go back and forth and…
Exactly.			exactly.
You don't have that kind of breadth that you need for true knowledge, really, is kind of what you're saying?	you don't have that kind of breadth that you need for, true knowledge really is kind of what you're	You don't have that. kind of breadth. that you need for true knowledge really is kind of what you're.	you don't have that kind of breadth that you need for true knowledge, really, is kind of what you're saying?
Exactly.			exactly.
Okay. Let's take a call. We're going to go to Joe(ph). He is calling from Salt Lake City, Utah.	okay let's take a call we're going, to go to joe(ph). he is calling, from salt lake. city	Okay Let's take a. call We're going to go to Joe(ph). He, is calling from Salt Lake City	okay. let's take a call. we're going to go to joe(ph). he is calling from salt lake city, utah.
Joe, go ahead.	joe go	Joe go	joe, go ahead.
Thank you for letting me participate. I'm a physician and I've prescribed both stimulants as well as modafinil. And I was with a group of other physicians discussing the ethical aspects of it, and two things came to us in the conclusion. One was whether or not the drug was addictive which for some of the - it's from th...	thank you for letting me participate i'm a physician and i've prescribed both stimulants as. well as modafinil and i was with a group of other physicians discussing, the ethical aspects of it and two things came to us in the conclusion one was whether or. not the drug was addictive which. for, some. of the - it's, from...	Thank. you for letting, me participate I'm a physician and I've. prescribed both stimulants as well, as modafinil And I was with a group of other physicians discussing the ethical aspects of it and two, things came to us in; the conclusion One was whether or not the drug was addictive which for some of the - it's from ...	thank you for letting me participate. i'm a physician and i've prescribed both stimulants as well as modafinil. and i was with a group of other physicians discussing the ethical aspects of it, and two things came to us in the conclusion. one was whether or not the drug was addictive which for some of the - it's from th...
We thought it was ethically dubious for a student who otherwise doesn't have a diagnosis to be taking a stimulant to improve their test scores. It made it unfair for them to be in the same arena as students who otherwise aren't taking stimulants. However, we thought it may not be as ethically dubious for individuals wh...	we thought it was ethically dubious for a student who; otherwise doesn't have a diagnosis, to be. taking a stimulant to improve their test scores it made it unfair for them to be in the same arena as students who otherwise aren't taking stimulants however we thought it may not be as ethically dubious for individuals wh...	We thought it was ethically dubious. for a. student who otherwise doesn't have a diagnosis to be taking. a stimulant to improve their test scores It made it unfair for them to be in the same arena as students who otherwise aren't taking stimulants However we thought it may not be as ethically dubious for; individuals w...	we thought it was ethically dubious for a student who otherwise doesn't have a diagnosis to be taking a stimulant to improve their test scores. it made it unfair for them to be in the same arena as students who otherwise aren't taking stimulants. however, we thought it may not be as ethically dubious for individuals wh...
But and I ask you a question, Joe, so I just want to make sure I understand what you're saying. So you're saying, that as a doctor, you're trying to differentiate which case might be one where you would in fact prescribe this drug who someone who doesn't have any kind of condition necessarily physical or mental conditi...	but and i ask you a question joe so i just want to make sure i, understand what you're saying. so you're saying that as a, doctor; you're trying to differentiate which case. might be one where. you, would in fact prescribe this drug who someone who doesn't have any kind of condition necessarily physical or mental condi...	But and I ask you a question Joe so I just want, to make sure I understand what you're saying So you're saying that as, a doctor you're trying to differentiate which case might be one where you would in fact prescribe this drug who someone who doesn't have any kind. of condition necessarily, physical or mental, conditi...	but and i ask you a question, joe, so i just want to make sure i understand what you're saying. so you're saying, that as a doctor, you're trying to differentiate which case might be one where you would in fact prescribe this drug who someone who doesn't have any kind of condition necessarily physical or mental conditi...
Yes - well, yes and no. Modafinil is indicated for shift workers, and so to me, residents and truck drivers have a kind of shift work. I wouldn't necessarily prescribe it to someone who, you know, their livelihood or their safety isn't depending on it but - and I actually haven't had - nobody has asked me to prescribe ...	yes - well yes, and no modafinil is indicated for shift workers and so to me residents and truck drivers have a kind of shift work i wouldn't necessarily prescribe it to someone. who. you, know their livelihood or their safety isn't depending on it but - and i. actually haven't had - nobody; has, asked me to prescribe ...	Yes - well yes and no Modafinil is indicated for shift workers and so to me residents and truck drivers have a kind of shift work I wouldn't necessarily prescribe it to someone who, you know their livelihood. or. their safety isn't depending. on, it but - and I actually haven't had - nobody has asked me to prescribe it...	yes - well, yes and no. modafinil is indicated for shift workers, and so to me, residents and truck drivers have a kind of shift work. i wouldn't necessarily prescribe it to someone who, you know, their livelihood or their safety isn't depending on it but - and i actually haven't had - nobody has asked me to prescribe ...
Oh, I see. Okay.	oh i see	Oh I see	oh, i see. okay.
If we look ahead and if it's possible that the unity government won't survive, if it does fall apart, what happens then?	if we look ahead and if it's possible that the unity government won't survive if it does fall apart what happens	If we look ahead and, if it's possible that, the unity government, won't survive if it, does fall apart what happens	if we look ahead and if it's possible that the unity government won't survive, if it does fall apart, what happens then?
Publishers have a problem when it comes to discussing Amazon. They may fear its power, but they're also dependent on it, because like it or not, Amazon sells a lot of books. But lately, the grumbling about Amazon has been growing louder, with some in the book industry openly describing Amazon's tactics as predatory.	publishers have a problem when it. comes to discussing amazon they may fear its, power but. they're also dependent on it because like it or not. amazon sells a lot of books but, lately the grumbling about amazon has been growing louder with some in the book industry openly describing amazon's tactics as	Publishers, have a problem when it. comes to discussing Amazon They may fear; its power but they're also. dependent on, it because. like it or not Amazon, sells a lot of books But lately the grumbling about Amazon has been growing louder with some in the book, industry openly describing Amazon's tactics as	publishers have a problem when it comes to discussing amazon. they may fear its power, but they're also dependent on it, because like it or not, amazon sells a lot of books. but lately, the grumbling about amazon has been growing louder, with some in the book industry openly describing amazon's tactics as predatory.
Since that we had due to the examples that proponents of using these medications always say, well, about the student with a deficit. And it's never - I've never argued against using it for someone with a diagnosis of ADHD because that's indication but the students who take it so that they can do better on the SAT, we t...	since, that we had due to the examples that, proponents of using these medications always say well. about the student with a deficit and, it's never - i've never argued against using it for someone with, a diagnosis of adhd because that's indication but the students who take it so. that they can do better on. the sat w...	Since; that we had due to the examples that. proponents of using these medications always say, well, about the student with a deficit And it's never - I've never argued against using it for someone with a diagnosis of ADHD because that's indication but the students who take it so that they can do better on the SAT we t...	since that we had due to the examples that proponents of using these medications always say, well, about the student with a deficit. and it's never - i've never argued against using it for someone with a diagnosis of adhd because that's indication but the students who take it so that they can do better on the sat, we t...