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Little wonder no one wants to buy stocks, says Harvard economist Kenneth Rogoff.	little wonder no one wants to buy, stocks says harvard economist kenneth	Little; wonder no one wants to buy stocks says Harvard economist Kenneth	little wonder no one wants to buy stocks, says harvard economist kenneth rogoff.
When everyone sees that global growth is slowing down, it's not just the U.S. We're also seeing China and Europe slowing down. They go, oh, no. It's going to be harder than ever to dig our way out of this mess.	when everyone sees that global growth is slowing down it's; not just the u.s we're, also seeing china and europe slowing down they go oh no it's going to be harder than ever, to dig our way out of this	When everyone, sees that global. growth is slowing down it's not just the U.S We're also seeing China and Europe slowing down They go oh no It's going, to be harder than ever to dig our way out, of. this	when everyone sees that global growth is slowing down, it's not just the u.s. we're also seeing china and europe slowing down. they go, oh, no. it's going to be harder than ever to dig our way out of this mess.
Just last year, prospects seemed brighter. After the financial crisis, the global economy rebounded. But that growth has now stalled in ways that remind us how the global economy is interwoven.	just last; year prospects seemed brighter after the, financial crisis the global economy, rebounded but that growth has now stalled in ways that remind. us how the global economy is	Just last year prospects seemed brighter After the, financial crisis the global, economy rebounded, But that growth has now stalled in ways that remind us how the; global economy is,	just last year, prospects seemed brighter. after the financial crisis, the global economy rebounded. but that growth has now stalled in ways that remind us how the global economy is interwoven.
China, for example, has been booming, in part because of demand for its products in the U.S. and Europe. But Kenneth Rogoff points out that with U.S. and European consumers and businesses cutting back on their spending, even China gets hurt.	china for example has been booming; in, part because of demand for its products in, the u.s and europe but kenneth rogoff points out that with u.s, and european consumers and businesses cutting back on their spending even china gets.	China for example has been. booming, in. part because of demand for its products in the U.S and Europe But Kenneth Rogoff, points out that with U.S and, European consumers and businesses cutting back on their spending, even China. gets.	china, for example, has been booming, in part because of demand for its products in the u.s. and europe. but kenneth rogoff points out that with u.s. and european consumers and businesses cutting back on their spending, even china gets hurt.
Although it's still growing, China's not collapsing at all, it's notably slowing, and it's being affected by the rest of the world. And all of these things connect, so we're seeing all the major regions of the world slow down, and it's not clear where growth is going to come from in the coming quarters.	although it's still growing china's, not collapsing at all. it's notably slowing and it's being affected by the rest of the world and all of these things, connect so we're seeing all the major regions of the, world slow down and it's not clear where growth is going to come from in the coming	Although it's still, growing China's not collapsing at all it's notably slowing and it's being affected by. the rest of the world And all of these, things connect, so we're seeing all the major regions of the world slow down and it's, not clear where growth is going to come from, in the coming	although it's still growing, china's not collapsing at all, it's notably slowing, and it's being affected by the rest of the world. and all of these things connect, so we're seeing all the major regions of the world slow down, and it's not clear where growth is going to come from in the coming quarters.
Rogoff, the co-author of a book on the history of financial crises, points out that a slowdown like this is typical after a big financial crisis. In working so hard to get banks to lend again and consumers and businesses to spend again, governments drive themselves deep into debt.	rogoff the co-author of, a book on the history of, financial crises points out that a slowdown like this is typical after a big financial crisis in working so, hard to get banks to. lend again and consumers and businesses to spend again governments drive themselves deep, into,	Rogoff the co-author of a book on the history of financial crises points out that a slowdown like this is typical after a big financial crisis In working so hard to get banks to lend again and consumers. and, businesses to spend again governments drive themselves deep into	rogoff, the co-author of a book on the history of financial crises, points out that a slowdown like this is typical after a big financial crisis. in working so hard to get banks to lend again and consumers and businesses to spend again, governments drive themselves deep into debt.
Cornell University economist Eswar Prasad points out that government debt has become a burden for all the big Western economies.	cornell. university economist eswar prasad points, out that government debt has, become a burden for all the big. western	Cornell University economist Eswar, Prasad points out that government debt has become, a burden for all the big Western	cornell university economist eswar prasad points out that government debt has become a burden for all the big western economies.
And the high levels of government debt that exist in virtually every advanced economy are going to be a real drag on their growth.	and the high, levels of government debt that exist in virtually every advanced economy. are going to be a real drag on their	And the high levels of government debt that exist in virtually every advanced economy. are. going to, be a real. drag on their	and the high levels of government debt that exist in virtually every advanced economy are going to be a real drag on their growth.
Instead of promoting economic activity, those governments have to focus on financing their debt. Greece, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Ireland, they're all having trouble getting banks to loan them what they need. And that prospect has investors here worried, as well, with regard to the U.S. future. It adds up to economic tr...	instead of promoting economic activity those governments have to focus on financing their debt greece italy. spain portugal ireland they're all having trouble getting banks. to loan them what they need and; that, prospect has investors here worried as well with regard to the u.s future it adds up, to economic trouble f...	Instead of promoting economic activity those. governments have to. focus on financing their debt Greece Italy Spain Portugal Ireland they're all having trouble getting banks to loan them what they need And, that prospect has investors here worried as well. with regard, to the U.S future It adds up to economic, trouble ...	instead of promoting economic activity, those governments have to focus on financing their debt. greece, italy, spain, portugal, ireland, they're all having trouble getting banks to loan them what they need. and that prospect has investors here worried, as well, with regard to the u.s. future. it adds up to economic tr...
The new economies, the emerging market countries, are in relatively better shape. Those that export to the advanced countries are affected by some of their export markets drying up, but Prasad points out that consumers in those countries - China, for example - are making up some of the difference. Plus, Prasad says, ma...	the new economies the emerging market countries are in relatively better. shape those that export to the advanced. countries are affected by some of their export markets drying up but prasad points out that consumers in those countries - china for example, - are making up some of the difference plus prasad says many of...	The new economies the. emerging market countries are in, relatively better shape Those that export to the advanced countries are affected by some of their export markets drying up but Prasad points out that consumers in those countries - China for example. - are making, up some of, the difference Plus Prasad says many ...	the new economies, the emerging market countries, are in relatively better shape. those that export to the advanced countries are affected by some of their export markets drying up, but prasad points out that consumers in those countries - china, for example - are making up some of the difference. plus, prasad says, ma...
Most of the emerging markets have a lot more space in terms of their policies, to prime the pump a little bit if needed to stoke their economies.	most of the emerging markets have a lot, more space in terms of their policies to prime the pump a little bit if needed to stoke their,	Most of the emerging markets have a lot more, space in terms of their policies to prime the pump a little bit if needed to stoke. their	most of the emerging markets have a lot more space in terms of their policies, to prime the pump a little bit if needed to stoke their economies.
So the global economic landscape is shifting, and not in ways that benefit the US or Europe. Economists say the powerhouses of the past could struggle for years to return to the prosperity they knew previously, even as new economies rise up to challenge them.	so the, global economic. landscape is shifting and not in ways that. benefit the us or. europe economists say the powerhouses of the past could struggle for years to return to the prosperity they knew previously, even as new economies rise up to challenge	So the global economic landscape is shifting and not in ways that benefit. the US or Europe, Economists say the. powerhouses of the past could struggle for years to return to the prosperity they. knew previously, even as new economies rise up, to challenge;	so the global economic landscape is shifting, and not in ways that benefit the us or europe. economists say the powerhouses of the past could struggle for years to return to the prosperity they knew previously, even as new economies rise up to challenge them.
Tom Gjelten, NPR News, Washington.	tom. gjelten npr news	Tom Gjelten NPR News	tom gjelten, npr news, washington.
Journalist Anna Badkhen first ventured to Afghanistan weeks after 9/11. Since then, she's returned several times. Her travels have inspired a book entitled "The World Is A Carpet: Four Seasons in an Afghan Village."	journalist anna badkhen first ventured to afghanistan weeks after 9/11. since. then she's, returned several, times her travels have inspired a book entitled "the world is a carpet: four seasons, in an. afghan	Journalist Anna Badkhen first, ventured to Afghanistan weeks after 9/11. Since then she's returned. several times Her travels have inspired a book entitled "The, World Is A Carpet: Four Seasons in an Afghan	journalist anna badkhen first ventured to afghanistan weeks after 9/11. since then, she's returned several times. her travels have inspired a book entitled "the world is a carpet: four seasons in an afghan village."
And what often reads like poetry, the book describes life in a remote village called Oqa, population 240. There, families sustain a living with a local tradition of weaving carpets, earning about 40 cents a day.	and what often reads like poetry the book describes life in a, remote village called oqa population 240. there families, sustain a. living with a local tradition. of weaving carpets earning about 40 cents a	And what often reads like poetry the book describes life in; a remote village called Oqa, population 240. There families sustain a living with a local tradition of weaving carpets earning about 40 cents a	and what often reads like poetry, the book describes life in a remote village called oqa, population 240. there, families sustain a living with a local tradition of weaving carpets, earning about 40 cents a day.
Anna Badkhen spoke to me from member station WBEZ. I began by asking her how she came across Oqa, a village you can't even find on Google Maps.	anna badkhen spoke, to me from member station wbez, i began by asking, her how she came across oqa a village you can't even find on google	Anna Badkhen spoke to me from member station WBEZ I began by asking her how she came across Oqa a village. you can't even find on; Google	anna badkhen spoke to me from member station wbez. i began by asking her how she came across oqa, a village you can't even find on google maps.
Cole believes the Fairbanks area could make a decent target if North Korea's successful missile test ever turned into an attack on the 49th state. The city of some 32,000 people has the Trans-Alaska Pipeline running through it and supports two military bases. Cole doesn't think the North Korean regime is very likely to...	cole believes the fairbanks area could make a. decent target if north korea's successful missile test ever turned into. an attack on the 49th state the city of. some 32,000 people has the trans-alaska pipeline running through it and supports two military bases cole doesn't think the north korean regime is very likely. ...	Cole believes the Fairbanks area. could make a decent, target if North Korea's successful missile test ever turned into, an attack on the 49th state The city of some 32,000 people has the Trans-Alaska Pipeline running. through; it and supports two military bases Cole doesn't think the, North Korean regime is very likel...	cole believes the fairbanks area could make a decent target if north korea's successful missile test ever turned into an attack on the 49th state. the city of some 32,000 people has the trans-alaska pipeline running through it and supports two military bases. cole doesn't think the north korean regime is very likely to...
They've cleaned it up a little bit.	they've cleaned it up, a little	They've cleaned it up a little.	they've cleaned it up a little bit.
A little bit later in the hour, we'll be talking about Canadian beef imports and mad cow disease.	a little bit later in the hour we'll be talking about canadian beef imports and mad cow	A little bit later in the hour, we'll be talking about Canadian beef imports and mad cow	a little bit later in the hour, we'll be talking about canadian beef imports and mad cow disease.
last week's announcement that human skin cells can be reprogram to behave like embryonic stem cells have scientists working in the field calling it a spectacular advance and groundbreaking brilliant work. This technique, if perfected, could mean an abundant source of human stem cells that don't require the destruction ...	last week's announcement that, human. skin cells can be. reprogram. to behave like embryonic stem cells have scientists working in the field calling it a spectacular advance and groundbreaking brilliant, work this technique, if perfected could mean an abundant source of, human stem cells that don't require the, destruc...	last week's announcement that human skin. cells can be reprogram to behave like embryonic stem cells have scientists working in, the field calling it a spectacular advance, and groundbreaking brilliant work This technique if perfected could, mean an abundant source of human stem cells that don't require the destruction...	last week's announcement that human skin cells can be reprogram to behave like embryonic stem cells have scientists working in the field calling it a spectacular advance and groundbreaking brilliant work. this technique, if perfected, could mean an abundant source of human stem cells that don't require the destruction ...
This hour, we're going to look at this latest stem cell advance and whether it will settle the debate over research with human embryonic stem cells, or will it bring that debate to a whole new level. We'll also ask about comes next? What kinds of treatments will stem cells lead to? What has to happen to turn these big ...	this hour we're going to look at this latest stem cell advance and whether it will settle the debate over research with human embryonic stem cells or will it bring that debate to a whole new level we'll also ask about comes next? what kinds of treatments will stem cells lead to? what, has to happen to turn these big, d...	This hour. we're going to look at this latest stem cell advance and whether it will settle the debate over research with human embryonic stem cells, or. will it. bring that debate, to a whole new level We'll also ask. about comes next? What kinds of treatments will stem cells. lead to? What has to happen to turn, these...	this hour, we're going to look at this latest stem cell advance and whether it will settle the debate over research with human embryonic stem cells, or will it bring that debate to a whole new level. we'll also ask about comes next? what kinds of treatments will stem cells lead to? what has to happen to turn these big ...
If you'd like to get in on the conversation, our number is 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK. Always, you can surf over to our Web site and you can join a discussion with the folks over in "Second Life" and look for folks with their SCIENCE FRIDAY T-shirts in Science School over there.	if you'd; like to get in on the conversation our number is 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-talk, always you can surf over to our web site and you. can join, a, discussion with the, folks over in "second life" and look for folks with their science friday; t-shirts in science school over	If you'd like to get in on, the conversation our number is, 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK Always you can surf over to our Web, site and, you can join a discussion with the folks over in "Second Life" and look for folks with their SCIENCE, FRIDAY T-shirts in Science School over	if you'd like to get in on the conversation, our number is 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-talk. always, you can surf over to our web site and you can join a discussion with the folks over in "second life" and look for folks with their science friday t-shirts in science school over there.
Let me introduce my guests. John Kessler. Dr. Kessler is the Davee professor of neurology, chair of the Department of Neurology and director of Northwestern University Stem Cell Institute at the Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern in Chicago. He joins us today from WBEZ in the Windy City.	let me introduce my guests john. kessler dr kessler is the davee professor of neurology, chair, of the department of neurology, and director. of. northwestern university stem cell institute at the feinberg school of medicine. at northwestern. in, chicago he joins us today from, wbez. in the, windy	Let me introduce. my guests John Kessler Dr Kessler is the Davee professor of neurology chair of the Department of. Neurology and, director of Northwestern University Stem Cell Institute at the Feinberg School of Medicine at, Northwestern in Chicago, He joins us today from WBEZ in the Windy	let me introduce my guests. john kessler. dr. kessler is the davee professor of neurology, chair of the department of neurology and director of northwestern university stem cell institute at the feinberg school of medicine at northwestern in chicago. he joins us today from wbez in the windy city.
Welcome to the program, Dr. Kessler.	welcome to the program dr	Welcome to. the program, Dr	welcome to the program, dr. kessler.
Thank you. Good afternoon, Ira.	thank you good afternoon	Thank you Good afternoon	thank you. good afternoon, ira.
You're welcome.	you're	You're	you're welcome.
Kathy Hudson is the director of the Genetics and Public Policy Center at Johns Hopkins University. And she joins us today from our NPR studios in Washington.	kathy hudson is the director of, the genetics and public policy, center at johns hopkins university, and she joins us today from our npr studios in	Kathy Hudson is the; director. of the Genetics and Public Policy Center at Johns Hopkins University And she joins us today from our NPR studios in	kathy hudson is the director of the genetics and public policy center at johns hopkins university. and she joins us today from our npr studios in washington.
Welcome to the program. Good to have you back, Dr. Hudson.	welcome to the program good to have you back dr	Welcome to the program. Good, to have you, back Dr	welcome to the program. good to have you back, dr. hudson.
Good to be here.	good to be	Good. to, be	good to be here.
Let's talk about, Dr. Kessler, last week's researchers reporting that they could reprogram skin cells to behave like embryonic stem cell. They're not embryonic stem cells exactly, are they?	let's talk about. dr kessler last week's researchers reporting that they, could reprogram skin cells to behave like embryonic stem cell they're not embryonic stem cells exactly are	Let's talk about Dr Kessler last, week's researchers. reporting that they could reprogram skin cells to behave, like embryonic stem cell They're not, embryonic stem. cells exactly are	let's talk about, dr. kessler, last week's researchers reporting that they could reprogram skin cells to behave like embryonic stem cell. they're not embryonic stem cells exactly, are they?
No, they're not. And that's something that seems to be lost in a lot of the press reports. It really was a very, very exciting breakthrough. It really taught us a lot about how we can take one type of cell and convert it into a cell with a lot of very different potentials. However, the authors of the studies were very ...	no they're not and that's something that. seems to be lost in a lot. of the press reports it really was a very very exciting. breakthrough it. really taught us a lot about how we can take one type of cell and convert it into, a cell with a lot of very different potentials. however the authors of the studies were very, ...	No. they're not And that's something that seems to be. lost in a lot of the press reports It really, was a very very exciting breakthrough It really taught us a lot about how we can take. one type of cell and, convert it into a cell with a lot of, very different potentials However. the authors of the studies were very,...	no, they're not. and that's something that seems to be lost in a lot of the press reports. it really was a very, very exciting breakthrough. it really taught us a lot about how we can take one type of cell and convert it into a cell with a lot of very different potentials. however, the authors of the studies were very ...
Tell us what kind of work you're talking about. What do you mean being safe to be used?	tell us what kind of work you're, talking about what do you mean being safe to be	Tell us what kind, of work you're talking about What do you mean being safe to be	tell us what kind of work you're talking about. what do you mean being safe to be used?
To make these cells, what the researchers did was used viruses to take specific genes and they inserted those genes into the skin cells which converted the cells into cells that are very much like an embryonic stem cell. However, number one, any time you use a virus, you run the risk ultimately of that virus creating p...	to make these cells what the researchers did was. used viruses to take specific genes and they, inserted those genes into the skin cells which converted the cells into cells that are very much like an embryonic stem cell however number one any time you use a, virus you run, the risk ultimately of that; virus creating p...	To make these cells what the researchers did was used viruses to take specific genes and. they inserted those, genes into the skin cells which converted the cells into cells that are very much like an embryonic stem cell However number one any time you use a virus you run the risk ultimately of that virus creating, pro...	to make these cells, what the researchers did was used viruses to take specific genes and they inserted those genes into the skin cells which converted the cells into cells that are very much like an embryonic stem cell. however, number one, any time you use a virus, you run the risk ultimately of that virus creating p...
Mm-hmm. Now, the last time I heard such glowing things said by scientists about research was the human genome project a few years ago, in the deciphering of the human genome. Yeah, we haven't seen very much end up, in so many years, come out of that project yet. Are we getting a little too carried away or a little too ...	mm-hmm now the last time i heard; such glowing things said by scientists. about. research was the human genome project a, few years ago in the, deciphering of. the human, genome yeah we haven't seen very much end. up in so many years. come out of that project yet are, we getting a little too carried away or a little. t...	Mm-hmm Now the last time I heard such glowing things said by. scientists about research was the human genome project a few years ago in, the deciphering of the human genome Yeah we, haven't seen very much end up in so many years come. out of. that project yet Are we getting a little. too carried away or a little, too a...	mm-hmm. now, the last time i heard such glowing things said by scientists about research was the human genome project a few years ago, in the deciphering of the human genome. yeah, we haven't seen very much end up, in so many years, come out of that project yet. are we getting a little too carried away or a little too ...
Well, actually, I would say two things. First, with a respect to the human genome project, we actually, in the scientific world, have seen an enormous amount come out of it. It hasn't yet given us a lot of therapies because from the moment you discover something to the point where you can have it practical therapy for ...	well actually i, would say two things first with a respect. to, the human genome project, we actually in the scientific world have seen an enormous amount come out of it it hasn't yet. given us a lot of therapies because from the moment you, discover something to. the point where you can have it practical therapy for h...	Well actually I would say two, things First with a respect to the human genome project we actually in the scientific world have. seen an enormous amount come out of it It hasn't yet. given us a lot of therapies because from the moment you discover something to. the point where you can have, it practical therapy for hum...	well, actually, i would say two things. first, with a respect to the human genome project, we actually, in the scientific world, have seen an enormous amount come out of it. it hasn't yet given us a lot of therapies because from the moment you discover something to the point where you can have it practical therapy for ...
Mm-hmm.			mm-hmm.
But in fact, the human genome project was really a revolution for us because the sequences that were used, for example, to convert the skin cells came from the human genome project. That's how we knew the human sequences for these genes.	but in fact the human genome; project was really a revolution for us because the sequences that were used for example to convert the skin cells came from the human genome project that's how we knew the human sequences for these	But in fact the. human. genome project was really; a revolution for us because the sequences that, were used for example to convert. the skin cells came from the human genome project That's how we knew the human sequences for these	but in fact, the human genome project was really a revolution for us because the sequences that were used, for example, to convert the skin cells came from the human genome project. that's how we knew the human sequences for these genes.
Mm-hmm.			mm-hmm.
I don't think that this breakthrough has been overhyped in the sense that it really gives us a new way to look at the biology. I think it's a little bit overhyped in thinking that, well, suddenly we've replaced embryonic stem cells. The quote, unquote, "ethical wars" are all over and so forth because they most certainl...	i don't think that; this breakthrough, has been overhyped in the sense that it really gives us a. new. way to look at the biology i think it's a little bit overhyped in thinking that well suddenly we've replaced embryonic stem cells the quote, unquote. "ethical wars" are all over and so forth because they most certainl...	I don't think that this breakthrough has been, overhyped in the sense that it really gives us a new; way to look at the biology I think it's a little bit overhyped in thinking that well suddenly we've replaced embryonic stem cells The quote unquote "ethical. wars" are all, over and so forth because they most certainly ...	i don't think that this breakthrough has been overhyped in the sense that it really gives us a new way to look at the biology. i think it's a little bit overhyped in thinking that, well, suddenly we've replaced embryonic stem cells. the quote, unquote, "ethical wars" are all over and so forth because they most certainl...
Do you agree, Kathy Hudson?	do you agree, kathy	Do you agree Kathy	do you agree, kathy hudson?