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But the viruses where they insert is critically important, and we have seen from really tragic outcomes in gene therapy, where genes having sorted in critical, you know, genes that are added have inserted into important genes and resulted in serious illnesses and death in those patients. So we have to figure how to get... | but the viruses where they insert is critically important and we have seen from really tragic outcomes in gene therapy where genes having sorted in; critical you know genes that are added have inserted into important genes and resulted in serious illnesses and death in; those patients so we have to figure how to get ar... | But the viruses where they, insert is critically important and we have seen from really tragic outcomes in gene therapy, where genes having sorted in critical you know genes. that are added have inserted into important genes and resulted in serious illnesses and death in, those patients So; we have to figure how to get... | but the viruses where they insert is critically important, and we have seen from really tragic outcomes in gene therapy, where genes having sorted in critical, you know, genes that are added have inserted into important genes and resulted in serious illnesses and death in those patients. so we have to figure how to get... |
So it's an engineering problem, basically. | so it's an engineering problem | So it's an engineering problem | so it's an engineering problem, basically. |
Yes, scientific engineering. | yes scientific | Yes scientific. | yes, scientific engineering. |
I think that's a fair description. | i. think that's a fair | I think that's a fair | i think that's a fair description. |
Mm-hmm. 1-800-989-8255. Hi, Emily in Louisville. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY. | mm-hmm, 1-800-989-8255. hi emily in louisville welcome to science | Mm-hmm 1-800-989-8255. Hi Emily in Louisville Welcome to SCIENCE | mm-hmm. 1-800-989-8255. hi, emily in louisville. welcome to science friday. |
Hi, I'm actually in the middle of writing a college essay on this exact topic. And I think that the research is very promising and has the potential of being very beneficial, but my question has to do with whether we, as a country or, like, the world, are ready for the possible immoral outcomes of the research, and may... | hi i'm actually. in; the middle of, writing a college essay on this exact topic and, i think that. the, research is very promising and has the potential of being. very beneficial but my question has to. do with whether we, as a country or like, the world are ready for the possible immoral outcomes of the research and m... | Hi I'm actually in the middle of writing a college essay on this, exact topic And I think that the research is very, promising and has the potential of being very beneficial but my question has to. do with. whether we as a country or like the world are ready for the possible immoral outcomes of the research and maybe a... | hi, i'm actually in the middle of writing a college essay on this exact topic. and i think that the research is very promising and has the potential of being very beneficial, but my question has to do with whether we, as a country or, like, the world, are ready for the possible immoral outcomes of the research, and may... |
Tell me exactly - can you narrow it down what immoral outcomes you're talking about? | tell me exactly - can you narrow, it. down what immoral outcomes you're. talking | Tell me exactly - can you narrow it down what. immoral outcomes you're talking | tell me exactly - can you narrow it down what immoral outcomes you're talking about? |
Not really about the issue with the embryo or the possibility that you could be using a cell that could be a human being, but more with the issue of cloning or other outcomes that would not be - probably, weren't these exactly what you're looking for? I think that the genetic therapy has a very good outcome, but anythi... | not. really about the issue with the embryo, or the possibility that you. could be, using a cell that could be a human being but more with, the issue of cloning or other outcomes that would not be - probably weren't. these exactly what you're looking for? i think that the genetic therapy has a very good outcome but any... | Not really about the issue with the embryo or the possibility that you could be using a cell, that could be a human being but more with the issue of. cloning or other outcomes that would not be - probably weren't these exactly what you're looking for? I think; that the genetic therapy has a very, good outcome but anyth... | not really about the issue with the embryo or the possibility that you could be using a cell that could be a human being, but more with the issue of cloning or other outcomes that would not be - probably, weren't these exactly what you're looking for? i think that the genetic therapy has a very good outcome, but anythi... |
Could be unintended, unintended consequences. | could be; unintended unintended | Could be unintended unintended | could be unintended, unintended consequences. |
Exactly. That's what I mean. | exactly that's what i | Exactly That's, what I | exactly. that's what i mean. |
Okay, let's have - that's a good question. Dr. Kessler, you talked about that for just a little bit. | okay let's have - that's, a good. question dr kessler you talked about that for just. a, little | Okay let's have - that's a good question Dr Kessler you talked about that for just a little. | okay, let's have - that's a good question. dr. kessler, you talked about that for just a little bit. |
Right, well, I would say to the - I think the - what people are afraid of the most were the "abuse," quote, unquote, of the technology. It is the idea of cloning human beings, what's called reproductive cloning. | right well i would say to, the - i think the - what people, are afraid of the most were the "abuse" quote unquote of the technology it is the idea of cloning human beings what's called reproductive | Right well I would say to the - I think the - what people are afraid of the most were. the "abuse" quote unquote of the technology It is the idea of cloning human beings what's called reproductive | right, well, i would say to the - i think the - what people are afraid of the most were the "abuse," quote, unquote, of the technology. it is the idea of cloning human beings, what's called reproductive cloning. |
And I think virtually every stem cell biologists around the world favors making that illegal. I would point out, though, that virtually every technology can be abused. We learned on 9/11 that airplanes can bring down buildings. And you don't outlaw the technology, what you do is try to make certain that that technology... | and i think virtually every stem cell biologists around the world favors. making that illegal i would point out though that virtually every. technology can. be. abused we learned on 9/11 that; airplanes can bring. down buildings and you don't outlaw the. technology what you do is try to make certain that that technolog... | And I think virtually every stem cell biologists around the world, favors making that illegal I would point, out though that virtually every technology can be abused We learned on 9/11 that airplanes can bring. down buildings And you don't outlaw. the technology what, you do is try to make, certain that that technology... | and i think virtually every stem cell biologists around the world favors making that illegal. i would point out, though, that virtually every technology can be abused. we learned on 9/11 that airplanes can bring down buildings. and you don't outlaw the technology, what you do is try to make certain that that technology... |
One of the exciting things about the use of the skin cells, as my colleague has pointed out, this really should make it so that we don't have to even utilize embryos, derive embryonic stem cells anymore; we don't have to do - use the cloning techniques. This really should be something that will enable us to use these c... | one of the exciting things about the use of the skin cells as my colleague has pointed. out this really. should make it so that. we don't have to, even utilize embryos derive embryonic stem cells anymore we don't have to do - use the cloning, techniques this really should be, something that will, enable us to use these... | One of the exciting things about the use of the skin cells as my colleague. has pointed out this really. should make, it; so. that; we don't have to even utilize embryos derive embryonic stem cells anymore we don't have to, do - use the cloning techniques This really should be something that will enable us to use these... | one of the exciting things about the use of the skin cells, as my colleague has pointed out, this really should make it so that we don't have to even utilize embryos, derive embryonic stem cells anymore; we don't have to do - use the cloning techniques. this really should be something that will enable us to use these c... |
Hmm. | hmm. | ||
So it's very hard for me to see any real downside in this. | so it's very hard for me to, see any real downside in | So it's very hard for, me to see any real downside in | so it's very hard for me to see any real downside in this. |
Mm-hmm. Kathy, any comment? | mm-hmm kathy any | Mm-hmm Kathy any | mm-hmm. kathy, any comment? |
Only one, which as the caller talked about, you know, cells that have the potential to become human beings. And what we really know now is that all cells, all cells that have a diploid nucleus, anyway, have the potential to become a human being. | only one which as the caller talked about you know cells that have the potential, to become human beings and what we really, know now. is that all cells all cells that have a diploid nucleus anyway have the potential to become a human | Only one which as the caller talked about you know cells that have. the potential to become. human beings And what, we really know now is, that all cells all cells that; have a diploid nucleus anyway have the potential to become a human | only one, which as the caller talked about, you know, cells that have the potential to become human beings. and what we really know now is that all cells, all cells that have a diploid nucleus, anyway, have the potential to become a human being. |
And so I think that's sort of the notion of this fine, bright line in our minds or morally about that, I think we need to sort of, you know, reset our expectations there because of a skin cell can become a pluripotent cell, and if put inside and oocyte can become a, you know, a primate, as we saw last week. | and so i think that's sort of the notion of this fine bright line in our minds or morally about. that i think we need to sort of you know reset our expectations there because of a. skin cell can become a pluripotent, cell and if put inside and oocyte can become a you know a primate as we saw last | And so I think that's sort, of the, notion of this fine bright line in our minds or morally about that I think we need to sort of you know reset our expectations there because of a skin, cell can become, a pluripotent cell. and if put inside and oocyte can become a you know a primate as we saw last | and so i think that's sort of the notion of this fine, bright line in our minds or morally about that, i think we need to sort of, you know, reset our expectations there because of a skin cell can become a pluripotent cell, and if put inside and oocyte can become a, you know, a primate, as we saw last week. |
You know, I think we need to sort - it's not about whether our cell has the potential of becoming a human being, because all cells have that potential. | you know i think we need to sort - it's not, about whether our. cell has the, potential. of becoming a human being because all cells have that | You know I think we need to sort - it's not about, whether our cell has the, potential of becoming a human being because all cells have that | you know, i think we need to sort - it's not about whether our cell has the potential of becoming a human being, because all cells have that potential. |
Mm-hmm. John, let's talk a bit about basic research. Now, you have the ability to create these stem cells in your laboratory and possibly turn them in to let's say nerves, nerve cells. | mm-hmm john let's talk a bit about basic research now you have the ability to create these stem cells in your laboratory and possibly turn them in to let's. say nerves nerve | Mm-hmm John let's. talk a bit about basic research Now you have the ability to create these stem cells in your laboratory and possibly turn them in to, let's say nerves nerve | mm-hmm. john, let's talk a bit about basic research. now, you have the ability to create these stem cells in your laboratory and possibly turn them in to let's say nerves, nerve cells. |
Right. | right. | ||
What do you with that? | what. do you. with | What. do you with, | what do you with that? |
Well, there are many things we think about doing. We can convert them into nerve cells or cells, pancreatic islet cells to treat diabetes or myocardial cells to treat heart attack. My own particular interests in nerve cells are thinking about utilizing to help treat spinal cord injury. Probably, one of the earliest tar... | well there are many. things we think about doing we, can. convert them into nerve cells or cells pancreatic islet cells to treat diabetes or myocardial cells, to treat heart attack my own particular interests in nerve cells are thinking about utilizing to help treat spinal cord injury probably one of the earliest targe... | Well; there are many things we, think. about doing We can convert them into nerve cells or cells pancreatic islet cells. to treat diabetes or myocardial, cells to treat heart attack My own particular, interests in nerve cells are thinking about utilizing. to help. treat. spinal cord injury Probably one of the; earliest... | well, there are many things we think about doing. we can convert them into nerve cells or cells, pancreatic islet cells to treat diabetes or myocardial cells to treat heart attack. my own particular interests in nerve cells are thinking about utilizing to help treat spinal cord injury. probably, one of the earliest tar... |
There are many other targets in the nervous system where groups of cells are dying, for example, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or Lou Gehrig's disease, which is a crippling disease where the motors - the cells that control all movement die. We can think about potentially replacing those with cells that do not die, and ... | there are many. other targets in the nervous system where groups. of cells, are dying for example amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or lou gehrig's disease which is a crippling disease where the motors - the cells that control all movement die we can think about. potentially replacing, those with. cells that do not die and... | There are many, other targets in the, nervous system where groups of cells are dying for example amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or Lou. Gehrig's disease which is a crippling disease where the motors - the cells that control all movement die We can think about potentially replacing those with cells that do not die and on... | there are many other targets in the nervous system where groups of cells are dying, for example, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or lou gehrig's disease, which is a crippling disease where the motors - the cells that control all movement die. we can think about potentially replacing those with cells that do not die, and ... |
The nervous system will be a much more complicated kind of organ to target then for example, the heart or the pancreas. But, really, we can think about ultimately cures for all these difference kinds of diseases. | the nervous system will. be, a. much more complicated kind of organ to target then for example the heart or the pancreas but really we can think about ultimately cures for all these difference kinds of | The nervous system will be a much. more complicated kind of organ to target then for, example the heart or the pancreas But. really we can think. about ultimately cures, for. all these difference kinds, of | the nervous system will be a much more complicated kind of organ to target then for example, the heart or the pancreas. but, really, we can think about ultimately cures for all these difference kinds of diseases. |
You use a very interesting terminology. You said eventually replacing the damaged cells. And I understand that to mean that you're not talking about taking these stem cells and putting the raw cells into a body, but possibly growing the cells into that tissue that you want to replace. Is that right? | you use a very interesting terminology you said eventually replacing the damaged cells and i understand that to, mean that you're not talking about taking these stem cells and putting the raw cells into a body but possibly growing the cells into that tissue that, you want. to replace is that, | You use a, very interesting terminology You said eventually, replacing. the; damaged, cells And I, understand that to mean that you're not; talking about taking these stem cells and putting the raw cells into a body but possibly growing, the, cells into that tissue that. you want to. replace Is that | you use a very interesting terminology. you said eventually replacing the damaged cells. and i understand that to mean that you're not talking about taking these stem cells and putting the raw cells into a body, but possibly growing the cells into that tissue that you want to replace. is that right? |
Exactly. | exactly. | ||
Because people think let's take the stem cells and throw them in there. And that's not what you're talking about immediately. | because people think let's take the stem cells and throw them in there and that's not what you're talking about | Because. people think let's take the stem. cells and throw them in there And that's, not what you're talking about | because people think let's take the stem cells and throw them in there. and that's not what you're talking about immediately. |
No, in fact, if you take a cell that's like embryonic stem cell and simply inject it into an animal, it will create a tumor called a teratoma. That's one of the tests of whether it is an embryonic stem cell. | no in fact, if you take a cell that's like embryonic. stem cell and simply inject it into an animal it will create a, tumor called a teratoma that's one of the tests of whether it is an embryonic stem | No in fact if you take a cell that's like. embryonic stem cell. and simply inject it into an animal it will create a tumor called a teratoma That's one of the tests of whether it is an. embryonic stem | no, in fact, if you take a cell that's like embryonic stem cell and simply inject it into an animal, it will create a tumor called a teratoma. that's one of the tests of whether it is an embryonic stem cell. |
So it's necessary for scientists to be able to pre-differentiate the cells along certain lines before we put them into the body. It may not be to a fully adult kind of cell. It may be that it wanted to be intermediate. In other words, on its way to becoming a heart cell or on its way to becoming a neuron, a cell in the... | so it's necessary for scientists to be able to pre-differentiate, the cells along certain lines before we put them; into the body, it may not be to a fully adult kind of cell it may be that it wanted to be intermediate in other words on its way to, becoming a heart cell or on its way to becoming a neuron a cell in the ... | So it's necessary for scientists to be able to pre-differentiate the cells along certain lines before we put them into, the body It may not be to a fully adult kind of cell It may be that it wanted to be intermediate In other words on its way to becoming, a heart cell or on its way to becoming a neuron a cell in the ne... | so it's necessary for scientists to be able to pre-differentiate the cells along certain lines before we put them into the body. it may not be to a fully adult kind of cell. it may be that it wanted to be intermediate. in other words, on its way to becoming a heart cell or on its way to becoming a neuron, a cell in the... |
But very clearly, we have to learn to do these things to the embryonic stem cells first before they're transplanted into human beings. | but very clearly, we have to learn to do these things to the embryonic. stem cells first before they're transplanted into human | But very clearly we have to learn to do these things to the embryonic stem cells first before they're transplanted into human | but very clearly, we have to learn to do these things to the embryonic stem cells first before they're transplanted into human beings. |
Mm-hmm. Dr. Hudson, where do you think the first results are going to show up in any of the research in the laboratory, which we know is going to come first? | mm-hmm dr hudson where do you think the first results are going to show up. in any of, the research in the laboratory which we know is going to come | Mm-hmm Dr Hudson. where do. you think; the first results are going to show up in any of the research in the laboratory which we know, is going to come | mm-hmm. dr. hudson, where do you think the first results are going to show up in any of the research in the laboratory, which we know is going to come first? |
You know, I think that the nervous system - I think that the targets have been fairly well, you know, the targets that we had for embryonic stem cells are the targets that we have now for these pluripotent cells. I think that the key issue really is going to be learning how to control the differentiation of these cells... | you know i think that the nervous system - i think that the targets have been fairly well you know the targets that we had for embryonic stem cells are the targets that we have now for these pluripotent cells i; think that the key issue really is going to be learning how to. control the differentiation of these cells a... | You know I think. that; the nervous system - I think that the. targets have; been fairly well you know the targets that, we had for embryonic stem cells are the targets that, we have now for, these pluripotent cells I think that; the. key issue really is going to, be learning how. to control the differentiation of thes... | you know, i think that the nervous system - i think that the targets have been fairly well, you know, the targets that we had for embryonic stem cells are the targets that we have now for these pluripotent cells. i think that the key issue really is going to be learning how to control the differentiation of these cells... |
Mm-hmm. | mm-hmm. | ||
…but also that they don't wander often and turn them into something that we don't want to see developing. So we don't want to see cancer as a substantial risk or side effect of stem cell treatments. | …but also, that they don't wander often and turn them, into something that we. don't want to see developing so we don't want to see cancer as a substantial. risk or side effect, of stem cell | …but also that they don't, wander often. and, turn them into something that we don't want. to see developing So we don't want to see cancer as a substantial risk or side effect, of stem cell | …but also that they don't wander often and turn them into something that we don't want to see developing. so we don't want to see cancer as a substantial risk or side effect of stem cell treatments. |
Are you going to be able to study some of the generative nerve diseases that take years and years to develop? I mean, you can take the cell, put them in a Petri dish and watch it over 70 years to see how an Alzheimer's might show up in the tangle of nerves there? Dr. Kessler. | are you going to be able to study, some of the generative nerve diseases. that take years and years to develop? i mean you can take the cell put. them in a petri dish and watch it over, 70 years to see how an alzheimer's might show up in the tangle of nerves, there? dr | Are you going to be able to study some of the generative nerve diseases that take years and years to develop? I mean you can take the, cell. put them in, a Petri dish and watch it over 70 years to see how an Alzheimer's might show up. in the tangle of nerves, there? Dr | are you going to be able to study some of the generative nerve diseases that take years and years to develop? i mean, you can take the cell, put them in a petri dish and watch it over 70 years to see how an alzheimer's might show up in the tangle of nerves there? dr. kessler. |
Well, that's quite true. It's difficult to study aging in a culture dish. But what you can do is study some of the biochemistry and the molecular changes that are going on in cells as they age and try to reproduce those in cells in a culture dish to see how we could think about controlling what's happening to those cel... | well that's quite true it's, difficult to study aging in a culture dish but what you can do is study some of the biochemistry and the molecular. changes that are going on in, cells as they age and try to reproduce those in cells in a culture dish to see how we could think about, controlling what's happening to, those c... | Well that's quite true It's, difficult to study aging in a culture dish But what you can do is study some of the biochemistry and the molecular changes that are going on in cells as they age and try to reproduce those in cells in a culture dish to see how we, could think about controlling what's happening to. those cel... | well, that's quite true. it's difficult to study aging in a culture dish. but what you can do is study some of the biochemistry and the molecular changes that are going on in cells as they age and try to reproduce those in cells in a culture dish to see how we could think about controlling what's happening to those cel... |
1-800-989-8255 is our number. Let's go to phones. Lots of people want to ask. Becky(ph) in San Francisco. Hi, Becky. | 1-800-989-8255 is our number let's go to phones lots of people want to ask becky(ph) in san francisco hi | 1-800-989-8255 is our number Let's go to phones Lots of people want to ask. Becky(ph) in, San Francisco Hi | 1-800-989-8255 is our number. let's go to phones. lots of people want to ask. becky(ph) in san francisco. hi, becky. |
Hi. How are you doing? | hi how are, you | Hi How are you | hi. how are you doing? |
Hi, there. | hi | Hi | hi, there. |
I'm trying to find out - well, first of all, I have diabetes. My father had diabetes. And I like to know, realistically speaking, how long a time we have to look at before we can find a cure for this. | i'm trying to find out, - well first of all i have diabetes, my father had, diabetes, and i like. to know realistically speaking how long a time we have, to look at before, we can find a cure for | I'm trying to. find out - well first. of all I have diabetes My father had diabetes And I like to know realistically speaking how long a. time we have to look at before we can find a cure for | i'm trying to find out - well, first of all, i have diabetes. my father had diabetes. and i like to know, realistically speaking, how long a time we have to look at before we can find a cure for this. |
Good question. | good | Good | good question. |
Well, that's a question, of course, that we are always asked and we all do our best to run away from that question because there is no firm answer. I can tell you that my estimate will be that it will be a time period measured in years but not decades. And that's really the best I could tell you. I think that we've mad... | well that's a question of course that we are always asked and we all do our best to run away from, that question because there is no firm answer; i can tell you that my estimate will be that, it, will be a time period. measured in years but not decades and that's really the best i could, tell you i think that we've mad... | Well that's a. question of course that we are always asked and we all do our best to run away from that question because there is, no firm answer I can tell. you that my estimate will be that it will be a time period measured in years but not decades And that's really the best I could tell you I think that we've made, ... | well, that's a question, of course, that we are always asked and we all do our best to run away from that question because there is no firm answer. i can tell you that my estimate will be that it will be a time period measured in years but not decades. and that's really the best i could tell you. i think that we've mad... |
Theoretically, you could create the pancreatic islet cells, you know, taken - as we're talking about this technique - and put some back in, could you not? | theoretically you. could create the pancreatic islet cells you know taken - as we're. talking about this technique - and. put some back in could. you | Theoretically you could, create the pancreatic. islet cells you know taken - as we're. talking about this technique - and put some back in could you | theoretically, you could create the pancreatic islet cells, you know, taken - as we're talking about this technique - and put some back in, could you not? |
Absolutely. But number one, no one has yet been able to take an embryonic stem cell and create a cell that's absolutely identical to the islet cell that people are beginning to get close. Number two, one of the problems that you face is when you transplant those cells into somebody who has diabetes, they may die. And t... | absolutely but number one no; one has yet been able to take an. embryonic stem cell and create a cell that's absolutely identical to. the islet cell that people are beginning to. get close number two one of the problems that you face is when you transplant those, cells into somebody who has diabetes, they may die and t... | Absolutely, But number one no one has, yet been able to take an embryonic stem cell and create a cell; that's absolutely identical. to the islet cell that people are beginning to get close Number two one of the problems that you. face is when. you. transplant those cells into somebody who has. diabetes they may die And... | absolutely. but number one, no one has yet been able to take an embryonic stem cell and create a cell that's absolutely identical to the islet cell that people are beginning to get close. number two, one of the problems that you face is when you transplant those cells into somebody who has diabetes, they may die. and t... |
And then, if you've actually derived these cells from the patient's own skin, diabetes - or at least juvenile diabetes, the one in young people - is what's called an autoimmune disease, where people make antibodies that kill their own cells, you then run the risk that the body would kill those cells all over again. So ... | and then. if you've actually. derived these cells from the patient's own skin diabetes - or at least juvenile diabetes the one in young people - is what's called an autoimmune disease where people make antibodies that kill their own cells you then. run the risk that the body would kill those. cells all over again so th... | And then if you've actually derived these, cells from the patient's own skin diabetes - or at least juvenile diabetes the. one in young people - is what's called an, autoimmune disease where people make antibodies that kill their own cells you then run the risk that the body would kill those cells all over again So the... | and then, if you've actually derived these cells from the patient's own skin, diabetes - or at least juvenile diabetes, the one in young people - is what's called an autoimmune disease, where people make antibodies that kill their own cells, you then run the risk that the body would kill those cells all over again. so ... |
Kathy Hudson, you agree that… | kathy hudson you agree | Kathy Hudson you agree | kathy hudson, you agree that… |
I think it's a dangerous thing to make… | i think it's a. dangerous thing to, | I think it's a dangerous thing to | i think it's a dangerous thing to make… |
We're always years - we're always years and not decades away. I mean… | we're always years - we're always years and not decades away i | We're always; years - we're always years and not decades away I | we're always years - we're always years and not decades away. i mean… |
(Soundbite of laughter) | (soundbite of | (Soundbite of | (soundbite of laughter) |
…some sciences, like physics, were always 30 years away every year, you know? So… | …some sciences like, physics were always 30 years away every year you | …some sciences like physics were always 30 years away. every year you | …some sciences, like physics, were always 30 years away every year, you know? so… |
(Soundbite of laughter) | (soundbite of | (Soundbite of | (soundbite of laughter) |
…are we really that close or are we going to be always years away ever year? | …are we really that close or are we going to, be always years away ever | …are. we really that close or are we going, to be always years away ever | …are we really that close or are we going to be always years away ever year? |
Well, I think we are years away. And I think that stem cells are not the only opportunity in diabetes. I think there has been lots of advances in genetics and in developing new therapeutics from other areas of research. And so I don't think we should put all of our hope for advances in diabetes in the stem cell basket.... | well i think we are years, away and i think that. stem cells are not the only. opportunity in diabetes i think there has been lots of advances in genetics and. in developing new therapeutics from other areas of research and, so i don't think we should put all of our hope for advances in diabetes, in, the stem cell bask... | Well I think we are years away And I think that stem, cells are not the only opportunity in diabetes I think there has. been lots of advances in genetics and in developing new therapeutics from other areas of research And so I don't think we should put, all of our; hope for advances. in diabetes in the stem cell. baske... | well, i think we are years away. and i think that stem cells are not the only opportunity in diabetes. i think there has been lots of advances in genetics and in developing new therapeutics from other areas of research. and so i don't think we should put all of our hope for advances in diabetes in the stem cell basket.... |
We're talking about stem cell research this hour in TALK OF THE NATION: SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR News. | we're talking about; stem cell research this hour in talk of the nation: science friday from npr | We're talking about stem cell research this hour in TALK OF. THE NATION: SCIENCE FRIDAY, from; NPR | we're talking about stem cell research this hour in talk of the nation: science friday from npr news. |
What would be a good lay terminology to describe the kind of technique we're talking about here? | what would be a good lay, terminology to describe, the kind of technique we're. talking about | What would be a good lay terminology to describe the kind of technique we're; talking about | what would be a good lay terminology to describe the kind of technique we're talking about here? |
Rebooting your computer. | rebooting your | Rebooting your | rebooting your computer. |
(Soundbite of laughter) | (soundbite of | (Soundbite of | (soundbite of laughter) |
Well, I mean if we - that's a good description of it. Would reprogramming - are we actually just using genes to reprogram cells now? Is it just like programming a computer? Yeah? Jack, yeah? | well i mean if we - that's. a good description of it would reprogramming - are we actually just, using genes to reprogram cells now? is it just like programming a computer? yeah? jack | Well, I mean if we - that's; a good description of it Would reprogramming - are we actually just using genes to reprogram cells now? Is it just like programming a computer? Yeah? Jack | well, i mean if we - that's a good description of it. would reprogramming - are we actually just using genes to reprogram cells now? is it just like programming a computer? yeah? jack, yeah? |
Yes, it's exactly - that's exactly what happens. Our genes are precisely what program our cells. And we have one program that run cells at the very early stages, as an embryo, and then different sets of genes, or the same genes used in different ways that then run the program in an adult cell. And what we've really - o... | yes it's exactly - that's exactly what happens our genes are precisely what program. our cells and we have one program that run cells at the very early stages as an embryo and then different sets of genes or the same genes used in different ways, that then run, the program in an adult cell, and what we've, really - or ... | Yes it's exactly - that's exactly; what happens Our genes are, precisely what, program. our cells And we have one program that run cells at the very early stages as an embryo, and then different sets of genes or, the same genes used; in. different ways that then run, the program, in an adult cell And. what we've really... | yes, it's exactly - that's exactly what happens. our genes are precisely what program our cells. and we have one program that run cells at the very early stages, as an embryo, and then different sets of genes, or the same genes used in different ways that then run the program in an adult cell. and what we've really - o... |
Is the idea to develop cell lines of - like ageless cell lines of tissue that, you know - or is it for every individual, we want to pull out a skin cell and design something for each different person? | is the idea to develop cell, lines of, - like ageless. cell lines of tissue that you know, - or is it. for every individual we want to pull out a. skin cell and design something for each different, | Is the idea to develop cell lines of - like ageless cell lines of tissue that you know - or is it for every individual, we want to pull, out a skin cell, and design something, for each different | is the idea to develop cell lines of - like ageless cell lines of tissue that, you know - or is it for every individual, we want to pull out a skin cell and design something for each different person? |
Well, the dream of this field, of course, would be for us to be able to have a designer stem cell line for every individual. If we use a stem cell line that's not derived from that individual, we will run into the same problems we've run into with organ transplantation. That is the body will reject it unless we give ve... | well the dream of this field of course would be for us to be able to have a designer stem cell line for every individual if we use a stem cell line that's not derived from that individual we will run into the same problems we've run, into with organ transplantation that is the body will reject it unless we give very, p... | Well the dream of this field of course would be for us to, be able to. have a designer stem cell line for every, individual If we use a. stem cell line that's not derived from that. individual we will run into the, same problems we've run into with, organ transplantation That is the body will reject it unless we give v... | well, the dream of this field, of course, would be for us to be able to have a designer stem cell line for every individual. if we use a stem cell line that's not derived from that individual, we will run into the same problems we've run into with organ transplantation. that is the body will reject it unless we give ve... |
If the stem cell line is derived directly from cells that came from the very individual who's getting the transplant back, then there'll be no rejection. So that is the - if you'll pardon the choice of words - holy grail for the field. But of course, I think it's likely that that will not be the very first way we do th... | if the stem, cell line is derived directly from cells that came from the very individual who's getting the transplant. back; then there'll be no rejection so that is the - if, you'll pardon the choice of words - holy grail for the field but of course i think it's likely that that will. not. be the very first way we do ... | If the; stem cell line is derived directly, from cells that came from the very individual who's getting the transplant; back then there'll be, no, rejection So that is the - if you'll pardon the choice of words - holy grail for the field But of course I think it's likely that that will not be. the very first way we do ... | if the stem cell line is derived directly from cells that came from the very individual who's getting the transplant back, then there'll be no rejection. so that is the - if you'll pardon the choice of words - holy grail for the field. but of course, i think it's likely that that will not be the very first way we do th... |
Mm-hmm. Let's go to Mike(ph) in St. Cloud, Minnesota. Hi, Mike. | mm-hmm, let's go to mike(ph) in st cloud minnesota hi | Mm-hmm Let's go to Mike(ph) in St Cloud Minnesota, Hi | mm-hmm. let's go to mike(ph) in st. cloud, minnesota. hi, mike. |
Hi. I just had a question. First, I wanted to say I really don't have problem using embryos that are going to be destroyed for research. They're going to die anyway. But my question was I haven't heard about any primate research or other mammal research into stem cell. And it almost seems like they want to round up a b... | hi i just had a question first i wanted to say i really don't have. problem using embryos, that are going to be destroyed for research they're going to die anyway but my question was i haven't heard about any primate research or other mammal research into stem cell and it almost seems like they want to round up a bunch... | Hi I just had a question First I wanted to; say I really, don't, have problem using embryos that are, going to be destroyed for research. They're going to die anyway But my question. was I haven't heard about any primate research, or other mammal research into, stem cell And it almost seems like they want to round up a... | hi. i just had a question. first, i wanted to say i really don't have problem using embryos that are going to be destroyed for research. they're going to die anyway. but my question was i haven't heard about any primate research or other mammal research into stem cell. and it almost seems like they want to round up a b... |
Let me get a quick… | let me get a | Let me get a, | let me get a quick… |
What's going on with that? Okay? | what's. going on with | What's going on. with | what's going on with that? okay? |
We've got about 40 seconds before the break. Who wants to tackle that one, quickly? | we've got about 40 seconds. before, the break who wants to tackle that one | We've, got about 40 seconds before the break Who wants. to tackle that one. | we've got about 40 seconds before the break. who wants to tackle that one, quickly? |
Well, that's actually just not accurate. Dr. Thompson, in fact, one of the scientists who just made this breakthrough, did all his original work with primates before moving to human cell. There's no Frankensteinian research being done. As physicians, as well as scientists, we're very, very carefully controlled in the t... | well that's actually just not accurate dr. thompson in fact one of the scientists who; just made this breakthrough did all his original work with primates before moving to. human cell there's, no frankensteinian research being done as physicians, as well as, scientists we're; very very carefully controlled in the, thin... | Well that's actually, just not accurate, Dr Thompson in fact. one of. the scientists who just made this breakthrough did all his original. work with primates before moving to human cell. There's no, Frankensteinian research being done As physicians as, well. as scientists we're very very carefully controlled in, the th... | well, that's actually just not accurate. dr. thompson, in fact, one of the scientists who just made this breakthrough, did all his original work with primates before moving to human cell. there's no frankensteinian research being done. as physicians, as well as scientists, we're very, very carefully controlled in the t... |
All right. I want to take both of you for taking time to be with us. Kathy Hudson, director of the Genetics and Public Policy Center at Johns Hopkins University in Washington, D.C.; and John Kessler, the Davee professor of neurology, chair of the Department of Neurology at Northwestern University Stem Cell Institute. | all right i want to take both of you for, taking time to be with us kathy hudson director of the genetics and public policy center at johns hopkins university in washington d.c.; and john kessler the davee professor of. neurology chair of the department of neurology at, northwestern university, stem cell | All right I want to take both of you for taking time to be with us Kathy Hudson director of the Genetics and Public Policy Center at Johns Hopkins University in Washington D.C.; and John. Kessler, the, Davee professor, of neurology chair of. the Department of Neurology at Northwestern University Stem Cell. | all right. i want to take both of you for taking time to be with us. kathy hudson, director of the genetics and public policy center at johns hopkins university in washington, d.c.; and john kessler, the davee professor of neurology, chair of the department of neurology at northwestern university stem cell institute. |
Thank you both for taking time to be with us. | thank you both for taking time to be with | Thank you both for taking time to be with | thank you both for taking time to be with us. |
Thank you. | thank | Thank | thank you. |
Thank you. | thank | Thank | thank you. |
We're going to take a short break, switch gears and talk about cattle from Canada. Stay with us. We'll be right back. | we're going to take a short break switch gears and talk about cattle from canada, stay with us we'll, be right | We're, going to take a short break switch gears and talk. about cattle from Canada Stay with us We'll, be, right | we're going to take a short break, switch gears and talk about cattle from canada. stay with us. we'll be right back. |
I'm Ira Flatow, this is TALK OF THE NATION: SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR News. | i'm ira flatow this is talk of, the nation: science. friday from npr | I'm Ira Flatow this is TALK OF THE NATION: SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR | i'm ira flatow, this is talk of the nation: science friday from npr news. |
This is DAY TO DAY. I'm Alex Chadwick. | this. is day, to day i'm alex | This is DAY TO DAY, I'm Alex | this is day to day. i'm alex chadwick. |
Go to the Web site, npr.org, right now. You're going to want to see the pictures for this one. | go to the web site npr.org right now you're going to want to see the pictures for this | Go to the, Web site npr.org right now You're going, to want to see the pictures for this | go to the web site, npr.org, right now. you're going to want to see the pictures for this one. |
My name is Cliff Coleman, I'm 55 years old, and I was raised in the hills of Berkeley, California. I'm a skateboarder. | my name is. cliff coleman i'm 55 years old. and i. was raised in the hills of berkeley california i'm a | My name is Cliff Coleman I'm 55 years old and I was. raised in the hills of Berkeley California I'm a | my name is cliff coleman, i'm 55 years old, and i was raised in the hills of berkeley, california. i'm a skateboarder. |
(Soundbite of skateboard) | (soundbite of | (Soundbite of | (soundbite of skateboard) |
And not just any 55-year-old skateboarder. Cliff Coleman is a founding father of the radical downhill form of skateboarding known as `sliding.' | and not just any 55-year-old skateboarder cliff coleman is, a founding father of the radical downhill form, of skateboarding known as | And not just any 55-year-old skateboarder Cliff Coleman is, a founding father of the radical downhill form of skateboarding known as | and not just any 55-year-old skateboarder. cliff coleman is a founding father of the radical downhill form of skateboarding known as `sliding.' |
(Soundbite of skateboard) | (soundbite of | (Soundbite, of | (soundbite of skateboard) |
What looks insanely dangerous about sliding is that the skaters groove their boards sideways, skidding and sliding, to slow down a little on the fast hills. And they wear heavy work gloves, hunks of hard plastic glued to the palms. At full speed, in mid-descent, they sometimes duck into a crouch, ... | what looks insanely. dangerous about sliding is that the skaters; groove their boards sideways skidding and sliding to slow down a little on. the fast hills and they wear heavy work, gloves hunks of hard plastic glued to; the, palms at full speed in mid-descent they sometimes duck into a crouch an... | What looks insanely dangerous about sliding. is that the skaters groove their boards sideways, skidding and sliding to slow down a. little on the fast hills And they wear heavy work gloves hunks of hard plastic glued to the palms At full speed in mid-descent; they sometimes duck into a crouch and ... | what looks insanely dangerous about sliding is that the skaters groove their boards sideways, skidding and sliding, to slow down a little on the fast hills. and they wear heavy work gloves, hunks of hard plastic glued to the palms. at full speed, in mid-descent, they sometimes duck into a crouch, ... |
(Soundbite of skateboard) | (soundbite of | (Soundbite of. | (soundbite of skateboard) |
On a Saturday morning, we meet Cliff in the steep hills high above Berkeley, across the bay from San Francisco, and he's with a friend, another slider and fellow skateboarder and more or less normal chemist named Jim Cluggish. | on a saturday morning we meet, cliff in the steep hills, high above berkeley across the bay from san francisco and. he's with a friend another slider and fellow skateboarder, and more or. less normal, chemist named jim | On; a Saturday morning we, meet Cliff in the. steep hills high above Berkeley across. the bay from San Francisco and he's with a friend, another slider and fellow skateboarder and. more or less normal chemist named Jim | on a saturday morning, we meet cliff in the steep hills high above berkeley, across the bay from san francisco, and he's with a friend, another slider and fellow skateboarder and more or less normal chemist named jim cluggish. |
Yeah, I work at a scientific instrumentation manufacturing facility in Walnut Creek, California. | yeah i work at a scientific instrumentation manufacturing facility in walnut. creek | Yeah I work at a scientific instrumentation manufacturing facility in Walnut Creek | yeah, i work at a scientific instrumentation manufacturing facility in walnut creek, california. |
You have a home and a mortgage? | you have a home and a | You have a home and a | you have a home and a mortgage? |
Yeah. Yeah, I sure do. Interest-only loan and a full-time job and two kids at Berkeley High. | yeah yeah i sure do interest-only loan and, a full-time job and two. kids. at berkeley. | Yeah Yeah I sure, do. Interest-only loan and a full-time. job and two kids at, Berkeley | yeah. yeah, i sure do. interest-only loan and a full-time job and two kids at berkeley high. |
But you're also still skateboarding downhill in this sliding technique that a lot of people would think is just nuts. | but you're. also. still skateboarding, downhill in this sliding technique that a lot of people would, think is just | But you're, also still skateboarding downhill in this sliding technique that a lot of people would think is just | but you're also still skateboarding downhill in this sliding technique that a lot of people would think is just nuts. |
Well, skateboarding used to be an all-encompassing and consuming lifestyle, and now it's something I get to do when I have a chance, because I'm so busy being old and responsible. But still, it's the most fun thing I do, so I cherish it, because it's something that I can hang onto like that. Not a... | well skateboarding, used to be an all-encompassing and consuming lifestyle. and now. it's something i get to do when i have a chance because i'm so busy being old and responsible but still it's the most fun thing i do so, i cherish it because, it's something that i can hang onto like that not a lo... | Well skateboarding used to be an all-encompassing and consuming lifestyle and now it's something I get to do when I have a chance because I'm so busy being old and responsible But still it's the most fun thing I do so I cherish it because it's something that I can hang onto like that Not a lot of.... | well, skateboarding used to be an all-encompassing and consuming lifestyle, and now it's something i get to do when i have a chance, because i'm so busy being old and responsible. but still, it's the most fun thing i do, so i cherish it, because it's something that i can hang onto like that. not a... |
(Soundbite of skateboard) | (soundbite of | (Soundbite of | (soundbite of skateboard) |
Right. So, it's acting sort of like a middleman. Is there anything it can do directly to help small businesses? | right, so it's acting sort of like a middleman is there anything. it can do directly; to help small | Right, So it's acting sort of like a. middleman Is there anything. it can do directly to help small | right. so, it's acting sort of like a middleman. is there anything it can do directly to help small businesses? |
All this week, MORNING EDITION is looking at the financial literacy of young people in our series Money Counts. For many people, technology has helped shape their relationship to spending. Earlier generations relied on checkbooks and then credit cards, and now young people are using online tools to track their money. N... | all this week morning edition is looking at the financial literacy of young people; in; our series money counts for many people technology has helped shape their relationship to spending earlier generations relied on checkbooks and then credit cards and now young people are using online tools to track their money npr's... | All this week MORNING EDITION is. looking, at the financial literacy of. young people in our series Money Counts For many people technology has helped shape their relationship to spending Earlier generations relied on checkbooks and. then credit cards and now young people, are using online tools to track, their money N... | all this week, morning edition is looking at the financial literacy of young people in our series money counts. for many people, technology has helped shape their relationship to spending. earlier generations relied on checkbooks and then credit cards, and now young people are using online tools to track their money. n... |
Kids these days, so careless with their money. Sarah Marczynski just graduated from college last week. | kids these days so careless with their money sarah marczynski just graduated from college last | Kids these. days so careless with their money Sarah Marczynski just graduated from college last | kids these days, so careless with their money. sarah marczynski just graduated from college last week. |
I think about the time that I started to get money, either through baby-sitting or a job or whatever, maybe that was probably the first time that I realized that the way that my parents handled money was probably not the best way or certain aspects of it weren't the best... | i think about the time that i started to get money either. through, baby-sitting or a job or whatever maybe that was probably the first time that i realized that the way that; my parents handled money was probably not the best way or certain aspects of it. weren't the | I think about the time that I started, to get money either through, baby-sitting or a job or whatever maybe, that was probably the first time that I realized that the way that my parents handled, money was, probably not the; best way or certain aspects of it weren't the | i think about the time that i started to get money, either through baby-sitting or a job or whatever, maybe that was probably the first time that i realized that the way that my parents handled money was probably not the best way or certain aspects of it weren't the best... |
Ouch, ouch. | ouch | Ouch | ouch, ouch. |
I know. Sorry, Dad. | i know sorry | I know Sorry | i know. sorry, dad. |
All right. Maybe that's not how it is anymore. Many baby boomers, when they were kids, were careless with their money and grew up to rue their mistakes. Sarah Marczynski's dad can tell you about it. | all right maybe that's not how it is, anymore. many baby boomers when they, were kids were careless with their money and grew up to, rue their mistakes sarah marczynski's dad can tell you about | All right Maybe that's not how it is anymore, Many baby. boomers when, they were kids, were careless with their money and grew up to rue their mistakes Sarah Marczynski's dad can tell you about | all right. maybe that's not how it is anymore. many baby boomers, when they were kids, were careless with their money and grew up to rue their mistakes. sarah marczynski's dad can tell you about it. |
You know, we tell her the pitfalls of credit and we can point to ourselves and say we're good examples. You know, don't do this. | you know. we tell her the pitfalls of; credit and we can point to ourselves and say we're good examples you know don't do | You. know we tell her the pitfalls of credit and we can point to ourselves and say we're, good examples. You know don't do | you know, we tell her the pitfalls of credit and we can point to ourselves and say we're good examples. you know, don't do this. |
Robert Marczynski is 55 years old. | robert. marczynski is 55 years | Robert Marczynski is 55 years | robert marczynski is 55 years old. |
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