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Exactly. I mean, this is one of the many legacies. I think Drew put his finger right on it. One of the many legacies of Western imperialism was not only to conquer and occupy and control most of the rest of the world for long periods of time but to redraw the boundaries, and that is - those are that has created proble...	exactly i mean this is one of the. many legacies i think drew put his finger right, on it one of the many legacies of western imperialism was, not only, to conquer and occupy and control, most of the rest of the world for long periods of time but to, redraw the boundaries and. that is - those are that has created prob...	Exactly I mean. this is one of the many legacies I think Drew, put his finger right on it One of the many legacies of Western imperialism was not only to conquer and occupy and control most of the rest of the world for. long periods of time, but to redraw the boundaries and that is - those are that has created problem...	exactly. i mean, this is one of the many legacies. i think drew put his finger right on it. one of the many legacies of western imperialism was not only to conquer and occupy and control most of the rest of the world for long periods of time but to redraw the boundaries, and that is - those are that has created proble...
I mean, the Arab world in particular was divided up very, very artificially, along lines that were more reflective of agreements between British and French interests than they were with the populations who lived there or the ethnic or tribal makeup of it.	i mean the arab world in particular was. divided up very very artificially along lines that were more reflective of agreements between, british and french interests, than they were with the populations who lived there, or the ethnic, or tribal makeup of	I mean the Arab world in particular was divided up very very. artificially along lines that were more, reflective of. agreements between British and French interests than they were with the populations who lived there or the ethnic or. tribal makeup. of	i mean, the arab world in particular was divided up very, very artificially, along lines that were more reflective of agreements between british and french interests than they were with the populations who lived there or the ethnic or tribal makeup of it.
So that is what the region is still studying(ph) - somewhat artificial states, and then run by dictators who were established by the West who are perceived as pro-Western and pliable to Western interests.	so, that is what, the, region is still studying(ph) - somewhat artificial states and then run by dictators who were established by the west who are perceived as pro-western and pliable to western,	So that is what the region is, still studying(ph) - somewhat artificial states and then run by dictators. who were established by the West who are perceived as pro-Western and, pliable to Western	so that is what the region is still studying(ph) - somewhat artificial states, and then run by dictators who were established by the west who are perceived as pro-western and pliable to western interests.
So that's still a burning issue and has not changed in a number of Middle Eastern countries today.	so that's still a burning issue and has not changed in. a number of, middle eastern countries	So that's still a burning issue and has not changed in a number of Middle Eastern countries	so that's still a burning issue and has not changed in a number of middle eastern countries today.
And I'm not going to argue with that, but to go back just a little bit further, it's important not to overlook the effect of the previous empire in the region, that's the Ottomans.	and i'm not going to argue with that but to go, back just a little bit further it's, important not to overlook the effect of the previous empire in the region that's the	And I'm not going to argue with that but to go back, just a little bit further it's important not to overlook the effect of the previous empire in the region that's the	and i'm not going to argue with that, but to go back just a little bit further, it's important not to overlook the effect of the previous empire in the region, that's the ottomans.
Well, that's true. The but - and it's interesting that the major region in which opposition came to the Ottoman Empire was in the Balkans, and that was an area that was largely Christian, either Orthodox or Catholic, and they didn't get along, by the way, particularly well.	well that's true, the but - and it's interesting that the major region in which opposition came to the ottoman empire was in the balkans and that was an area that was largely christian either orthodox or. catholic and they didn't get along by the way particularly	Well that's true The but - and it's interesting that the major. region in which opposition came, to the Ottoman Empire was in the Balkans and that was an area that was largely Christian either Orthodox or Catholic and they didn't get along by the way particularly	well, that's true. the but - and it's interesting that the major region in which opposition came to the ottoman empire was in the balkans, and that was an area that was largely christian, either orthodox or catholic, and they didn't get along, by the way, particularly well.
But in terms of the broader Muslim world, there was not a great deal of revolt. There were periodic dissatisfactions, but most Muslims felt that they were part of a greater empire, Muslim empire, one of the biggest in history. So they were fairly content to be part of it.	but in terms of the broader muslim world there was not a great. deal of revolt there were periodic dissatisfactions but most muslims felt that. they were part of. a greater empire, muslim empire one of the biggest in history so they were fairly content to be part of	But, in terms of the broader Muslim world there was not a great deal of revolt There were periodic dissatisfactions but most Muslims felt that they were part of a greater empire Muslim empire one, of the biggest in history So they were fairly content to be part of	but in terms of the broader muslim world, there was not a great deal of revolt. there were periodic dissatisfactions, but most muslims felt that they were part of a greater empire, muslim empire, one of the biggest in history. so they were fairly content to be part of it.
Later on nationalism developed. You had Arab nationalism, Turkish nationalism. These are Western ideas that I'm not sure have really helped the region to unify when you have ethnic groups at each others' throats.	later on nationalism developed you had arab nationalism turkish. nationalism these are western ideas that i'm not sure have really helped the region to unify when you have ethnic groups at each	Later; on nationalism developed You had Arab, nationalism Turkish nationalism These are Western ideas that I'm not sure have really helped the region to unify when you have ethnic groups at each	later on nationalism developed. you had arab nationalism, turkish nationalism. these are western ideas that i'm not sure have really helped the region to unify when you have ethnic groups at each others' throats.
Drew, thanks very much for the call.	drew thanks very much for the	Drew thanks very much for the	drew, thanks very much for the call.
Thank you very much.	thank you very.	Thank you very	thank you very much.
Let's go next to this is Pete, Pete with us from Cleveland.	let's go next to. this is pete pete with us from	Let's go next to this is Pete Pete with us. from	let's go next to this is pete, pete with us from cleveland.
Good afternoon.	good	Good	good afternoon.
Hi.			hi.
Just a quick question. You know, as far as, you know, the conflicts, would the world be different without Islam? You know, I don't believe so. Religion is religion.	just a quick. question you know as far as you know, the conflicts would the world be different without islam? you know i don't; believe so religion is	Just a quick question You know as. far as you know the, conflicts would the world be different without Islam? You know; I don't believe so. Religion is	just a quick question. you know, as far as, you know, the conflicts, would the world be different without islam? you know, i don't believe so. religion is religion.
He noted that new HIV infections are not going down in this country, and pledged $50 million in additional funds to tackle that problem. The money will be redirected from already appropriated funds.	he noted that new hiv infections are not going down in this country and pledged $50 million in additional funds to tackle that, problem the. money will be redirected from already appropriated	He noted, that new HIV infections are not going down in this country and pledged $50 million in additional funds to tackle that problem The money will be redirected from already appropriated	he noted that new hiv infections are not going down in this country, and pledged $50 million in additional funds to tackle that problem. the money will be redirected from already appropriated funds.
But that being said, we're currently in, you know, two wars, Iraq and Afghanistan. We're trying to stop threats against the United States from the Muslim world. You know, out of all the programs I've heard on this topic, the Middle East and everything that goes along with that, no one's ever asked the question or answe...	but that being said we're currently in you know two wars iraq and afghanistan we're trying to stop threats against the united states from the muslim world you know out of. all the programs i've heard on this, topic the middle east and, everything that, goes along, with, that no one's ever asked the question or answered...	But that being said we're currently in you know two wars Iraq and Afghanistan, We're trying to stop threats against the United States from the Muslim world You know out of, all the programs I've heard on. this topic the Middle East and everything that goes along with that no one's ever asked the question or answered yo...	but that being said, we're currently in, you know, two wars, iraq and afghanistan. we're trying to stop threats against the united states from the muslim world. you know, out of all the programs i've heard on this topic, the middle east and everything that goes along with that, no one's ever asked the question or answe...
Well, that's a great question, and I think most Muslims would say leave us alone, because history I mean, I think we in the U.S. tend to think of history as beginning with 9/11. But there's a long, long history, even of the U.S. - I'm not talking about just European but of U.S. involvement in the region as well that g...	well that's. a great question. and i think most muslims would say leave us alone because history, i mean i think we in the u.s tend to think of history as beginning with 9/11. but there's a long long history even of the u.s - i'm not talking about just european but. of u.s involvement in the region as well that, goes ...	Well. that's a great question and I think. most Muslims; would say leave us, alone because. history I mean I think we in the U.S tend to think of history as beginning with 9/11. But there's a long long history even of the U.S - I'm not talking about just European but of U.S. involvement in the region as well that goes...	well, that's a great question, and i think most muslims would say leave us alone, because history i mean, i think we in the u.s. tend to think of history as beginning with 9/11. but there's a long, long history, even of the u.s. - i'm not talking about just european but of u.s. involvement in the region as well that g...
There's a long list of all of this. So the region would say stay out of our area, leave us alone, let us try to build our own states. But now, it wasn't it's not only just intervention, it's warfare with, you know, hundreds of thousands of people being killed, creating resentments, rage.	there's a long list of all of this so the region would say stay. out of our area leave us alone let us. try to build. our own states but now it. wasn't, it's not only just intervention it's warfare. with you know hundreds of thousands of people, being killed creating resentments	There's. a long list of all of this So the region would say stay out of our area leave us alone let us try to build our own states But now it wasn't it's not only just intervention it's warfare with you know hundreds of thousands of, people being, killed creating resentments	there's a long list of all of this. so the region would say stay out of our area, leave us alone, let us try to build our own states. but now, it wasn't it's not only just intervention, it's warfare with, you know, hundreds of thousands of people being killed, creating resentments, rage.
It's supporting the most extremist elements. Now, this is a God-given event for Osama bin Laden, who saw these wars as the quickest way to get, to win support of the local population in this so-called struggle against American imperialism.	it's supporting the most extremist elements now this is a god-given event for osama bin laden who; saw these wars as the quickest way to get to win support of the local population in this so-called struggle against american	It's supporting the most extremist elements Now this is a God-given event for Osama bin Laden, who saw these wars as the quickest way to get to win support of the local population in this so-called struggle against American	it's supporting the most extremist elements. now, this is a god-given event for osama bin laden, who saw these wars as the quickest way to get, to win support of the local population in this so-called struggle against american imperialism.
So the short answer is - rather than us telling them to get out of our face, they would be telling us the same, get out of our area. Leave us alone.	so the short answer is - rather than us telling them to get out of our face they would be telling us the same get, out of our area leave us	So the, short answer is. - rather than us. telling them to, get out of our face they would be telling us the same get out of our area Leave us	so the short answer is - rather than us telling them to get out of our face, they would be telling us the same, get out of our area. leave us alone.
If we were to leave Iraq and Afghanistan and purchase their oil on the free market but still maintain our support of Israel, would that be a means to an end, or is it the fact that, you know, we, you know, we just stand behind Israel, kind of like the 51st state, that causes all the problems?	if. we were, to leave iraq and afghanistan, and purchase their; oil on the. free market, but still maintain our support of, israel would that be a means to an end or, is it the fact that you know. we you know we just stand behind israel kind of like the 51st state that causes all the	If we were to leave Iraq and Afghanistan and purchase. their oil on the free market but still maintain. our support of Israel would that be a means to an end or is it the fact that you know we you know we just stand behind Israel kind of like the 51st. state that causes all the	if we were to leave iraq and afghanistan and purchase their oil on the free market but still maintain our support of israel, would that be a means to an end, or is it the fact that, you know, we, you know, we just stand behind israel, kind of like the 51st state, that causes all the problems?
Well, I don't think it's the existence of Israel. I mean, almost nobody at this point, no rational people in the Middle East, are saying that Israel doesn't exist or shouldn't exist. But they do want a settlement of the Palestinian problem and occupation of Palestine that's been going on since 1967.	well i don't think it's the existence of israel i mean almost nobody at. this point no rational people in the middle; east are saying that israel doesn't exist or shouldn't exist but they, do want a settlement of the palestinian problem and occupation of palestine that's been going on since	Well I don't think it's, the existence of Israel I mean almost nobody at this; point no rational people, in the Middle East are saying that Israel doesn't exist or shouldn't exist, But they. do want a, settlement of the Palestinian problem and occupation of Palestine that's been going on since	well, i don't think it's the existence of israel. i mean, almost nobody at this point, no rational people in the middle east, are saying that israel doesn't exist or shouldn't exist. but they do want a settlement of the palestinian problem and occupation of palestine that's been going on since 1967.
I mean, this is over 40 years now. This one of the longest occupations ever. But apart from that, if we could get that problem settled fairly and not simply taking Israel's side, then I think slowly, bit by bit, you'd find the area definitely calming down.	i mean this is over 40 years now this, one of the longest occupations ever but apart from that if we could get. that problem settled fairly and not simply taking israel's side then i, think slowly bit by bit you'd find the area. definitely calming	I mean. this is over 40 years now This one. of the longest occupations, ever But apart from that if, we could get that problem, settled fairly and not simply taking Israel's side then I think slowly bit by bit you'd find the, area definitely calming	i mean, this is over 40 years now. this one of the longest occupations ever. but apart from that, if we could get that problem settled fairly and not simply taking israel's side, then i think slowly, bit by bit, you'd find the area definitely calming down.
There's all kinds of ways in which we could spend a fraction of the money that's being spent on losing wars to improve, you know, health, schooling, education, all of these things which I think would transform the area.	there's all. kinds of ways in which we could spend a fraction of the money that's being spent on losing wars to improve. you know health schooling education all of these things which i think would transform the	There's. all kinds of ways in; which we. could spend a fraction of. the money that's being spent on losing wars to improve you know health schooling education all of these things which I think. would transform, the	there's all kinds of ways in which we could spend a fraction of the money that's being spent on losing wars to improve, you know, health, schooling, education, all of these things which i think would transform the area.
Pete...			pete...
Why can't, why can't...	why can't why	Why can't why	why can't, why can't...
Pete, we want to give somebody else a chance. Pete, we want to give somebody else a chance. Thanks very much for the phone call, appreciate it.	pete. we want to. give somebody else a chance pete we want to give somebody else a. chance thanks very much for the phone call appreciate	Pete we want to give somebody else a chance Pete we want to give somebody. else a chance, Thanks very, much. for. the phone call appreciate	pete, we want to give somebody else a chance. pete, we want to give somebody else a chance. thanks very much for the phone call, appreciate it.
Here's an email from Jason in San Francisco: The issue is not conflict with Islam as an abstract. The issue is a religious belief system that actively promotes suicidal attacks on noncombatants as a path to heaven.	here's, an email from, jason in san francisco: the issue, is not conflict with islam as an abstract the issue, is. a religious belief system that actively promotes suicidal attacks on noncombatants; as a path to	Here's an email from Jason in San Francisco: The issue, is not conflict with Islam as, an abstract The issue is a, religious belief system that actively promotes suicidal attacks, on noncombatants as a path to,	here's an email from jason in san francisco: the issue is not conflict with islam as an abstract. the issue is a religious belief system that actively promotes suicidal attacks on noncombatants as a path to heaven.
Well, again, this is an issue that has come up a great deal. There is the Quran prohibits suicide. There is debate among Muslims, among radical Muslims, as to whether suicide in the name of national defense is legitimate or not.	well again this is an issue that has come up a great deal. there is the quran prohibits suicide. there is debate among muslims among. radical muslims as to whether suicide in the name of national defense is legitimate or	Well again this is an. issue that has come up a great deal There is the Quran prohibits suicide There is debate among Muslims. among radical Muslims as, to whether suicide in the name of national, defense is legitimate. or	well, again, this is an issue that has come up a great deal. there is the quran prohibits suicide. there is debate among muslims, among radical muslims, as to whether suicide in the name of national defense is legitimate or not.
But what's really fascinating here, Jason, is that suicide bombing is a really, really recent event. There had been no suicide bombings against the U.S. really until the war in Lebanon, when the U.S. Marines went in in the 1980s.	but what's really fascinating here jason is that suicide bombing is a really really recent event there had been no suicide bombings against. the u.s really until the; war in lebanon when the u.s marines went in, in the	But what's really fascinating here. Jason is that suicide bombing is a really really recent event There had been no suicide bombings against the; U.S really until the war in Lebanon when the U.S Marines went in in the	but what's really fascinating here, jason, is that suicide bombing is a really, really recent event. there had been no suicide bombings against the u.s. really until the war in lebanon, when the u.s. marines went in in the 1980s.
The suicide bombing then was brand new to Iraq. That had never begun until the American invasion there. And then only in recent years have we begun to see it in Afghanistan. So we're talking about something really new in the history of Islamic fighting.	the suicide bombing then; was brand new to iraq that had, never. begun until the american invasion there. and then only in recent years have we begun to see it in. afghanistan so. we're talking about something really new in the history of islamic	The suicide bombing then was brand new to Iraq That had never begun until the American invasion there And then only in, recent years have we begun to see it in Afghanistan. So we're. talking about something really new in the. history of. Islamic	the suicide bombing then was brand new to iraq. that had never begun until the american invasion there. and then only in recent years have we begun to see it in afghanistan. so we're talking about something really new in the history of islamic fighting.
And just let me finish that point by quoting Yasser Arafat, who used to be the head of the Palestinian PLO, who said, you know, if you guys will sell us F-16s, we'd be happy to give up the suicide bombing, but since we don't have any better weapons, then that's the only thing we've got to go with to fight our war of na...	and just let me finish that point by, quoting yasser arafat who used to be the head of the palestinian plo who said you. know. if you guys will sell us f-16s we'd be happy to give up the suicide, bombing but since we don't have any, better weapons then that's the only thing we've got to go with to fight our war of nati...	And just. let me, finish that point by quoting Yasser Arafat who used to be the head of the Palestinian PLO who said, you, know if you, guys will sell. us F-16s we'd be happy to give. up the suicide bombing but since we don't have. any better weapons, then that's the only thing we've got to go with to fight our war of ...	and just let me finish that point by quoting yasser arafat, who used to be the head of the palestinian plo, who said, you know, if you guys will sell us f-16s, we'd be happy to give up the suicide bombing, but since we don't have any better weapons, then that's the only thing we've got to go with to fight our war of na...
Let's go next to, this is Alan(ph), Alan with us from Savannah.	let's, go next to this is alan(ph), alan with us from	Let's go next to. this is Alan(ph), Alan with us from	let's go next to, this is alan(ph), alan with us from savannah.
Good afternoon. What is the relationship in the world where there is a conflict between extremist and moderate people, clans and nations within Islam, and how does that affect us in the United States, being caught in the middle of this civil war, particularly around oil?	good, afternoon what is the relationship, in the world where there is a conflict between extremist. and moderate people clans, and. nations within islam and how. does that affect us; in the united states being caught in the middle of this civil war particularly around	Good afternoon What is the relationship, in the, world where there is a, conflict between extremist and. moderate people clans and nations within Islam and; how. does that affect, us in the United States being caught in the middle of this civil. war particularly. around	good afternoon. what is the relationship in the world where there is a conflict between extremist and moderate people, clans and nations within islam, and how does that affect us in the united states, being caught in the middle of this civil war, particularly around oil?
Whatever happened to the word Muslim? I never hear it said anymore. Thank you for your work.	whatever. happened to the word muslim? i never hear it, said. anymore thank you for your	Whatever happened to the word Muslim? I never hear it said; anymore Thank you for. your	whatever happened to the word muslim? i never hear it said anymore. thank you for your work.
Thank you.	thank	Thank	thank you.
Sure, Alan. First of all, on the question of moderates, I think polls and even just, you know, people like myself or anybody else who goes out and travels in the Middle East rapidly sees the huge number, overwhelming majority of Muslims are moderate in their views, moderate in their interpretation of Islam. They have C...	sure alan first of all on the question. of moderates i think polls and, even just you know people like myself or anybody else who goes out and travels in the middle east rapidly sees the huge number overwhelming majority, of muslims are moderate in their, views moderate in their interpretation of. islam they have chris...	Sure Alan; First of all on the question of moderates I, think polls and even just you know people like myself, or anybody else who goes out and; travels in the Middle East rapidly sees the. huge number overwhelming majority of Muslims are moderate in their. views, moderate, in their interpretation of Islam. They have C...	sure, alan. first of all, on the question of moderates, i think polls and even just, you know, people like myself or anybody else who goes out and travels in the middle east rapidly sees the huge number, overwhelming majority of muslims are moderate in their views, moderate in their interpretation of islam. they have c...
But the problem is when you have Western armies, American armies in the region, this is a hugely radicalizing force. It plays into the hands of the radicals.	but the problem is when you have western armies american armies. in the region this is a hugely radicalizing, force it plays into the; hands of the	But the problem is when you have Western. armies American armies in the region this is a hugely radicalizing force It plays into the, hands of the	but the problem is when you have western armies, american armies in the region, this is a hugely radicalizing force. it plays into the hands of the radicals.
So I would argue that the region has become more superheated, more hysterical, more painful and radicalized than probably - God knows since when in history.	so i would argue that the region has become more superheated more hysterical more painful and radicalized than probably - god knows. since when in	So I. would argue that, the region has become more superheated more hysterical more, painful and radicalized than probably - God knows since when in	so i would argue that the region has become more superheated, more hysterical, more painful and radicalized than probably - god knows since when in history.
So that's why I'm advocating, I think, the withdrawal of American military forces and Western military forces, as the beginning steps of letting things calm down.	so that's; why i'm advocating i think the withdrawal of american military forces and western military forces as the beginning steps. of letting things calm	So that's why I'm advocating I think the withdrawal of American military forces. and; Western military forces, as the, beginning steps of letting things calm	so that's why i'm advocating, i think, the withdrawal of american military forces and western military forces, as the beginning steps of letting things calm down.