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"Pham Chuyen Pham Chuyen (1922- November 2014), code-named Agent ARES, was recruited by the CIA in South Vietnam in 1961 and was the first long term operative there. North Vietnam’s Public Security Bureau captured and manipulated Chuyen to turn double agent shortly after his deployment in the North. Chuyen was active from 1961-1970, his double agent activities led to many deaths of CIA and U.S. military personnel, whom he led into traps by requesting new supplies. He later received 12 medals including the Medal of Homeland Security in 1997 from the Ministry of Public Security for his accomplishments in the resistance war against American rescue.. Pham Chuyen was born in 1922 in North Vietnam during the French Colonial Era. Chuyen trained in radio broadcasting and participated in the August Revolution against France. He worked for the Quang Yen Security Bureau, however the French arrested Chuyen in October 1947. After being freed, Chuyen worked for the secretary of the council in Hong Gai Town. Chuyen returned home in May 1948 and was admitted to the party. Later in 1948, Chuyen took charge of three communes in the Yen Hung District. He specialized working in the emulation board in 1949 . In 1950, Chuyen moved to the Quang Yen Provincial Party Committee. In 1953, the party committee sent him to the Party School to specialize in corruption. In 1957, Chuyen took a mistress and was outcast from the party. Chuyen left his designated agency in 1957 due to professional discontent. Chuyen then decided to specialize in folk singing; however, that all changed in 1959 . On 25 June 1959, the People’s Court of Yen Hung called Pham Chuyen to question him on anti-government activities. Chuyen fled South. First, he fled to Hanoi where he bought a ticket to Vinh. From Vinh, Chuyen followed Route 8 to the border of Laos where he stayed for nine months. In Laos, Savanakhet questioned Chuyen. In May 1960, Chuyen left Laos to the reception center in Saigon, South Vietnam. Chuyen hoped for the South to assign him work. The Department of Political Studies assigned him to talk in localities to distort content about cooperatives in the North and agricultural tax . A few months into his new job, a man by the name of Phan talked to Chuyen. Phan was an employee of the Political Bureau of the Presidential Office. In mid-September 1960, Phan took Chuyen to Majestic Hotel, where he met an American operative. The operative asked Chuyen what he thought of the South and ended the conversation. A week later, Phan and Chuyen met the American in a mansion where he asked Chuyen psychological questions. When the meeting finished the American wished Chuyen success and told him government officials will meet him . In 1961, needing potential agents, the CIA and ARVN recruited and trained Pham Chuyen for a five-year infiltration plan in Northern Vietnam. Lieutenant Do Van Tien, code-named FRANCOIS, was responsible for the training and dispatching single spies to infiltrate North Vietnam. At first, Chuyen refused but Lieutenant Colonel Le Quang Tung monitored and enticed Chuyen for half a year. After six months of the CIA following him, Chuyen accepted. The CIA sent him to Nha Trang to do psychological tests where he received excellent grades. Then, Chuyen had to pass two more tests, on in Saigon and another in Nha Trang. Then, the CIA trained Chuyen in communication skills. Pham Chuyen, code-named ARES, was to return to North Vietnam to spy on his homeland . April 1961, the CIA dispatched Pham Chuyen to North Vietnam via boat 35 miles from Hanoi, near Quang Yen, on a beach near Ha Long Bay . According to a World Security report, villagers began to notice the unfamiliar boat. Villagers reported seeing a stranger in the hilly woods of La Khe Hamlet who looked like Chuyen. Informants in the village reported Chuyen left the area to see his mother. When Pham Chuyen engaged in conversation with a local spy, he failed in his mission from the CIA. Chuyen told the spy he had come to conduct operations in the North. Days later, Northern security forces took Chuyen and his supplies, including his radio. In was then that the North’s \"Public Security Bureau\", a powerful intelligence agency modelled after Russia’s KGB, convinced him to turn double agent . Pham Chuyen’s turn to a double agent caused the capture and death of many U.S. military and CIA controlled spies for a decade. Walter McIntosh, former chief of Vietnam operations in the CIA, stated he knew Chuyen was a double agent. McIntosh wrote a 12-page document providing evidence that Chuyen was in fact a double agent and that the North compromised his mission. However, Chuyen was under the control of MACV-SOG and they did not heed McIntosh’s warning. 12 men died while trying to resupply Chuyen . Pham Chuyen’s handlers in Hanoi created over 300 fake intelligence reports for him to hand over to Saigon. These fake intelligence reports included misleading maps with coordinates to missile sites, trains, rail lines, bridges, factories, and other target areas of U.S. warplanes. Chuyen’s handler also devised radio plans by transmitting fake reports to move suspicion away Chuyen. Chuyen often reported the North stealing his equipment which prompted MACV-SOG to send him more supplies resulting in the death of the resuppliers. Pham Chuyen’s handler in Hanoi was Nguyen Tai who was a top spy in Saigon from 1966 to 1970. Tai hid his spies’ names and created cover stories for his operatives . In December 1969, the Ministry of Public Security sent its two BK63 agents, Pham Chuyen and along with another spy, agent EAGLE, to the South. In 1970, Chuyen’s handlers in the North allowed him to live a normal life. Chuyen moved his wife and two children, a daughter and son, to his parent’s home in Yen Hung district. Chuyen spent the rest of his days as a farmer. In 2003, Chuyen wrote an autobiography, which he gave to his old friend from the North Major General Le Mai, that there are few things true authors get about his story. \"“The things Tourison writes about me are often \"a little bit of the pot\", which is not, of course, not to be argued, not to blame (...). However, there are two things, Tourison said: I have many names. My resistance against the French was Nguyen Thiet. Peace, in the newspaper Vietnam Independence, I am Pham Van. In Saigon, in 1959 I was named Nguyen Bao Thuy. In the anti-American war, exactly in the spy mission, people gave me the alias Ha Long, code-named Ares, which the US Intelligence Agency also known me by this name. My name \"rice\" (parents set) is Pham Chuyen. Second, this is also the more important thing, Tourison not dare assert who I work for? For the Saigon intelligence agency or the Ministry of Public Security of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam?”\" . Pham Chuyen passed away after months of an unknown illness at 93 in 2014 Pham Chuyen Pham Chuyen (1922- November 2014), code-named Agent ARES, was recruited by the CIA in South Vietnam in 1961 and was the first long term operative there. North"
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"In a Box In a Box is the first official release by Australian alternative rock group, Ammonia. The five-track extended play was issued in October 1994 via the Murmur label and Sony Music Australia. It appeared on the ARIA Singles Chart top 100. Ammonia's first release, \"In a Box\" (October 1994), is a five-track extended play, which comprised the Perth-based band's early recordings paired with the newly recorded title song. They were supported by national youth radio station, Triple J playing its tracks, which expanded their fan base across Australia, and led to a national tour. Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, felt that the EP \"outlined the band's brand of guitar-driven power pop\"; while AllMusic's Kim Summers wrote that it had \"received rave reviews.\" \"In a Box\" peaked on the ARIA Singles Chart at No. 78. The title track, \"In a Box\", was re-recorded and appeared on the group's debut album, \"Mint 400\" (16 October 1995). A live version of the lead track, recorded at Triple J studios, was released on their third EP, \"Limited Live & Rare\" (1998). The United States version of their second EP, \"Sleepwalking\" (March 1996) on the Sony-associated label, Epic Records, had two tracks from \"In a Box\": \"White\" and \"Lucky No. 3\". In a Box In a Box is the first official release by Australian alternative rock group, Ammonia. The five-track extended play was issued in October 1994 via the Murmur label and Sony Music Australia. It appeared on the ARIA Singles Chart top 100. Ammonia's first release, \"In a Box\" (October 1994), is a five-track extended play, which comprised the Perth-based band's early recordings paired with the newly recorded title song. They were supported by national youth radio station, Triple J playing its tracks, which expanded their fan base across Australia, and led to"
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"Hauerite Hauerite is a manganese sulfide mineral with the chemical formula MnS. It forms reddish brown or black octahedral crystals with the pyrite structure and it is usually found associated with the sulfides of other transition metals such as rambergite. It occurs in low temperature, sulfur rich environments associated with solfataras and salt deposits in association with native sulfur, realgar, gypsum and calcite. It was discovered in Austro-Hungarian Monarchy near Banska Bystrica in what is now Slovakia in 1846 and named after the Austrian geologists, Joseph Ritter von Hauer (1778–1863) and Franz Ritter von Hauer (1822–1899). Under high pressure conditions (P>11 GPa), Hauerite undergoes a large collapse in unit cell volume (22 %) driven by a spin-state transition. Hauerite Hauerite is a manganese sulfide mineral with the chemical formula MnS. It forms reddish brown or black octahedral crystals with the pyrite structure and it is usually found associated with the sulfides of other transition metals such as rambergite. It occurs in low temperature, sulfur rich environments associated with solfataras and salt deposits in association with native sulfur, realgar, gypsum and calcite. It was discovered in Austro-Hungarian Monarchy near Banska Bystrica in what is now Slovakia in 1846 and named after"
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"Ludden, North Dakota Ludden is a city in Dickey County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 23 at the 2010 census. Ludden was founded in 1886. Ludden was platted in 1886. It was named for David Ludden, a pioneer settler. Ludden was originally built up chiefly by Finns. A post office was established at Ludden in 1884, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1986. Ludden is located at (46.009038, -98.126751). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2010, there were 23 people, 13 households, and 7 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 19 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 100.0% White. There were 13 households of which 15.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.2% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 46.2% were non-families. 46.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.77 and the average family size was 2.43. The median age in the city was 59.8 years. 13% of residents were under the age of 18; 0.0% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 17.3% were from 25 to 44; 34.7% were from 45 to 64; and 34.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 60.9% male and 39.1% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 29 people, 15 households, and 10 families residing in the city. The population density was 37.7 people per square mile (14.5/km²). There were 18 housing units at an average density of 23.4 per square mile (9.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 100.00% White. There were 15 households out of which 20.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.3% were married couples living together, and 26.7% were non-families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.93 and the average family size was 2.27. In the city, the population was spread out with 10.3% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 17.2% from 25 to 44, 44.8% from 45 to 64, and 20.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 116.7 males. The median income for a household in the city was $26,250, and the median income for a family was $36,250. Males had a median income of $40,625 versus $16,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,770. There were no families and 7.4% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 50.0% of those over 64. Ludden, North Dakota Ludden is a city in Dickey County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 23 at the 2010 census. Ludden was founded in 1886. Ludden was platted in 1886. It was named for David Ludden, a pioneer settler. Ludden was originally built up chiefly by Finns. A post office was established at Ludden in 1884, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1986. Ludden is located at (46.009038, -98.126751). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has"
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"retrieved": [
"David Vogel Uihlein Jr. David Vogel Uihlein Jr. is an American businessman, heir, and philanthropist. His mother was Jane Bradley Pettit, a philanthropist. His maternal grandfather was Harry Lynde Bradley, co-founder of Allen-Bradley and the Bradley Foundation with his granduncle, Lynde Bradley. His father was David Vogel Uihlein Sr., heir to the Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company. His paternal great-grandfather was August Uihlein. His sister is Lynde Bradley Uihlein, a Democratic philanthropist. An architect, he is the President of Uihlein-Wilson Architects, a real estate company. He has serve as Vice Chairman of the conservative Bradley Foundation since November 2006. He chairs the \"David & Julia Uihlein Charitable Foundation\". He sits on the Board of Trustees of the Wisconsin Conservatory of Music. In June 1974, he married Julia Pickard Aring. David Vogel Uihlein Jr. David Vogel Uihlein Jr. is an American businessman, heir, and philanthropist. His mother was Jane Bradley Pettit, a philanthropist. His maternal grandfather was Harry Lynde Bradley, co-founder of Allen-Bradley and the Bradley Foundation with his granduncle, Lynde Bradley. His father was David Vogel Uihlein Sr., heir to the Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company. His paternal great-grandfather was August Uihlein. His sister is Lynde Bradley Uihlein, a Democratic philanthropist. An"
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"Garwolin Garwolin is a town on the Wilga river in eastern Poland, capital of Garwolin County, situated in the southeast part of the Garwolin plateau in Masovian Voivodeship (since 1999, before: Siedlce Voivodeship), 62 km southeast of Warsaw, 100 km northwest of Lublin. There are about 16,000 inhabitants in the town. Traces of settlement on terrains of present days boundaries of Garwolin are more than 2000 years old. It is believed that Garwolin received its city charter in 1423, but the exact date is unknown; it is almost certain that the document from 1423 was only acknowledgement of before-stated city laws. In time of the Deluge casualties exceeded 90%. During World War II and the Nazi occupation of Poland, about 70% of the city was destroyed. The town and the powiat were administered by Kreishauptmann Karl Freudenthal, who was responsible for the murder of more than 1000 inhabitants, the deportation of several thousand local Poles to Nazi concentration camps and slave labor in Nazi Germany, and the transfer of the local Jews to various ghettos in the region. For his war crimes, Freudenthal was sentenced to death by the Polish underground, and the sentence was carried out by the Home Army on 5 July 1944, as part of Operacja Główki (\"Operation Heads\"). At the end of July 1944 the Red Army's 2nd Guards Tank Army, under the command of Alexei Radzievsky, routed the German 73rd Infantry Division at Garwolin, capturing its commander, Friedrich Franek. After the war Garwolin was restored and enlarged. The Neo-baroque church, dating from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, is a notable building. Centre of industry and services; machine, means of transport, nutritive (milk co-operative, meat) industries, clothing, leather, construction materials, furniture and cosmetics manufactures. In distance of 5 km from town railway route Warszawa-Lublin proceeds; station Garwolin is placed in nearby village Wola Rębkowska. <br> Garwolin Garwolin is a town on the Wilga river in eastern Poland, capital of Garwolin County, situated in the southeast part of the Garwolin plateau in Masovian Voivodeship (since 1999, before: Siedlce Voivodeship), 62 km southeast of Warsaw, 100 km northwest of Lublin. There are about 16,000 inhabitants in the town. Traces of settlement on terrains of present days boundaries of Garwolin are more than 2000 years old. It is believed that Garwolin received its city charter in 1423, but the exact date is unknown; it is almost"
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"Guus Vogels Augustinus (\"Guus\") Wilhelmus Johannes Marines Vogels (born March 26, 1975 in Naaldwijk, South Holland) is a Dutch field hockey goalkeeper, who twice won Olympic gold medals with the national squad: at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta and four years later, at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. In 2004 he was the starter and won the silver medal with the Dutch team in Athens. Vogels made his debut in January 1996, at the Olympic Qualifier Tournament in Barcelona, in the match against Belgium: 8-4. He plays for HGC (H.O.C. Gazellen-Combinatie) in the Dutch League (\"Hoofdklasse\"). Vogels was named Best Goalkeeper at the 2004 Champions Trophy in Lahore, Pakistan. Also Vogels was named the best player in the Hockey World Cup 2010 held at New Delhi. <br> Guus Vogels Augustinus (\"Guus\") Wilhelmus Johannes Marines Vogels (born March 26, 1975 in Naaldwijk, South Holland) is a Dutch field hockey goalkeeper, who twice won Olympic gold medals with the national squad: at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta and four years later, at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. In 2004 he was the starter and won the silver medal with the Dutch team in Athens. Vogels made his debut"
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"2000 Republican National Convention The 2000 National Convention of the Republican Party of the United States convened at the First Union Center (now the Wells Fargo Center) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from July 31 to August 3, 2000. The 2000 delegates assembled at the convention nominated Texas Governor George W. Bush for President and former U.S. Secretary of Defense Richard B. \"Dick\" Cheney for Vice President. Bush, eldest son of the 41st president, was identified early as the party establishment's frontrunner and turned back a strong primary challenge from John McCain, a Vietnam War veteran and U.S. Senator from Arizona. At the convention, the party and campaign sought to showcase Bush's slogan of compassionate conservatism to persuade undecided voters. Bush attacked the eight years of the Clinton Administration as weak on defense and military topics, high taxes, underperforming schools and indifferent teachers, high pollution, and a \"lack of dignity and respect to the presidency.\" He attacked the Clinton Administration's military policies, claiming that American troops were \"not ready for duty, sir.\" He also claimed that the Clinton Administration did not provide leadership. He said, \"They had their chance. They have not led. We will\". Instead of holding the roll call of states on one night, the Bush campaign arranged for the voting to take place over four nights, so that Bush would eventually build up support throughout the week, culminating with Cheney's home state of Wyoming finally putting him over the top on the final night. There were few defections, despite a large contingent of delegates having been elected to support McCain, who formally released them to Bush. The convention then voted by acclamation to make the convention nomination unanimous. Cheney's nomination as vice president had also been approved by acclamation on Wednesday night, so Cheney could address the convention later that night as the official nominee. In July 1999, the LGBT+ community of Philadelphia held two protests on July 29th & 30th. They did this in objection to Philadelphia hosting the Republican National Convention. These protests resulted in the arrest of over 300 People. The initial protest was not target to the Republican Party specifically, rather, it was a call to change from both Republican and Democratic parties. The protesters felt that both political parties for the most part, ignored the needs and issues surrounding the LGBT community. 2000 Republican National Convention The 2000 National Convention of the Republican Party"
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"Dismas Becker Dismas Becker (September 16, 1936 – September 19, 2010) was an American Democratic politician, civil rights activist, and former Discalced Carmelite friar and Catholic priest from Wisconsin. Born Paul Vincent Becker in 1936 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, after graduating from high school he entered the Order of Discalced Carmelites, where he received the religious name of Dismas, named for the Good Thief depicted in the New Testament at the Crucifixion of Jesus. He had his name changed legally in 1986. He graduated from St. Francis Seminary, becoming ordained a priest in 1964, and later earned a Master's degree in Sociology from Marquette University. In 1969, Becker became involved with the Rev. James Groppi, a fellow Catholic priest and activist leader in the city, in planning a demonstration at the State Capitol to demand action on welfare rights and school reform demands made by the state’s poorest communities. He arrived late to find that, led by Groppi, nearly a thousand activists from Milwaukee had occupied the State Assembly chamber and much of the rest of the Capitol. Groppi was arrested, leaving Becker the \"de facto\" leader of the protest. Becker proceeded to lead a protest on the lawn of the capitol several days later, at which he was beaten by a police officer. In 1972 Becker helped to edit and publish a book giving voice to the poor women of the city: \"Welfare Mothers Speak Out: We Ain't Gonna Shuffle Anymore\", the same year that he left his religious Order and the priesthood. He married E. Fay Anderson, an African American mother of four in 1975. He later went on to run for state office, becoming elected and serving in the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1977 until 1989. He was the Majority Leader in the Assembly for the Democratic Party in the mid-1980s. Becker died of cancer on September 19, 2010. Dismas Becker Dismas Becker (September 16, 1936 – September 19, 2010) was an American Democratic politician, civil rights activist, and former Discalced Carmelite friar and Catholic priest from Wisconsin. Born Paul Vincent Becker in 1936 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, after graduating from high school he entered the Order of Discalced Carmelites, where he received the religious name of Dismas, named for the Good Thief depicted in the New Testament at the Crucifixion of Jesus. He had his name changed legally in 1986. He graduated from St. Francis Seminary, becoming ordained"
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"Chu Shi Biao The Chu Shi Biao may refer to either of two memorials written by Zhuge Liang, the Imperial Chancellor of the state of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He presented them to Liu Shan, the second emperor of Shu. The first \"Chu Shi Biao\", which is referred to as the \"Former \"Chu Shi Biao\"\", was presented in 227 before Zhuge Liang embarked on the first of a series of military campaigns (commonly known as the Northern Expeditions) against Shu's rival state, Wei. The second, known as the \"Later \"Chu Shi Biao\"\", was supposedly submitted in 228 before Zhuge Liang left for the second Northern Expedition. The main topics addressed in the \"Chu Shi Biao\"s included the reasons for the Northern Expeditions, as well as Zhuge Liang's personal advice to Liu Shan on how to govern and rule the state. The authenticity of the Later \"Chu Shi Biao\" is disputed and many scholars believe that it was not written by Zhuge Liang. The Former \"Chu Shi Biao\" was written in 227 and was recorded in Zhuge Liang's biography in the \"Sanguozhi\". At that time, Shu was recovering from its previous defeat at the Battle of Xiaoting in 222 and from the Southern Campaign against opposing forces in the south in 225. Zhuge Liang thought that Shu was weak so it had to be aggressive towards its rivals in order to survive. He decided to launch a campaign against Shu's rival state, Wei, in the north. This marked the start of a series of Shu invasions of Wei. Before leaving, Zhuge Liang wrote the Former \"Chu Shi Biao\" to the Shu emperor Liu Shan to explain the reasons for the campaign and to give his personal advice to Liu Shan on governance. The Song dynasty poet Su Shi commented in the \"Yue Quan Xiansheng Wenji Xu\" (樂全先生文集敘) that Zhuge Liang's (Former) \"Chu Shi Biao\" was \"simple and concise, direct but not disrespectful.\" The following is a rough translation of the Former \"Chu Shu Biao\". See the notes section for further explanation of certain parts in the text. The Later \"Chu Shi Biao\" was written in 228 and was not recorded in the original version of the \"Sanguozhi\" by Chen Shou. When Pei Songzhi made annotations to the \"Sanguozhi\", he wrote that the Later \"Chu Shi Biao\" came from the \"Mo Ji\" (默記) by Zhang Yan (張儼). The Later \"Chu Shi Biao\" was incorporated into the \"Han Jin Chunqiu\" (漢晉春秋) by Xi Zuochi. Many scholars have cast doubts on the authorship of the Later \"Chu Shi Biao\" and believed that it was not written by Zhuge Liang. The Qing dynasty scholar Qian Dazhao (錢大昭) expressed suspicion in his book \"Sanguozhi Bianyi\" (三國志辨疑; \"Doubts on Records of the Three Kingdoms\"). The Later \"Chu Shi Biao\" was not part of a collection of writings by Zhuge Liang, and appeared only in Zhang Yan's \"Mo Ji\". Besides, the tone in the Later \"Chu Shi Biao\" differs largely from the Former \"Chu Shi Biao\"; the latter sounded more coercive while the former appeared more sincere and humble. The latter even included the use of analogies and historical examples in the third paragraph to urge war. It also contains a discrepancy about Zhao Yun's death: Zhao Yun died in 229, but the Later \"Chu Shi Biao\", written in 228, already mentioned his death. The following is a rough translation of the Later \"Chu Shi Biao\". See the notes section for further explanation of certain parts in the text. The phrase \"The Han and the villains cannot coexist\" () from the Later \"Chu Shi Biao\" is later used to describe a situation where two opposing powers cannot coexist. Another phrase \"bend to the task until one is worn out, and not stop until one is dead\" () from the Later \"Chu Shi Biao\" is later used to describe one's commitment to strive to the utmost. Chu Shi Biao The Chu Shi Biao may refer to either of two memorials written by Zhuge Liang, the Imperial Chancellor of the state of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He presented them to Liu Shan, the second emperor of Shu. The first \"Chu Shi Biao\","
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"retrieved": [
"Anifest The \"'International Festival of Animated Films AniFest\" is an international festival of animated films held annually in the Czech Republic. It was established in 2002 and has attracted more than twenty-thousand guests per year. It is a specialized competition festival of animated production for film professionals, artists and animation lovers that builds on the famous tradition of Czech animated film and offers a unique opportunity to become familiar with the best of contemporary world and Czech animation work. In addition to the competitive and non-competitive film events, the festival includes various theatre performances, exhibitions, concerts and discussions, parties and other cultural and social events. In 2010, Anifest was in the North Bohemian city of Teplice. It marked the 100th birthday of legendary film director Karel Zeman The AniFest 2010 juries consisted of personalities from the world of animation, including film directors, film artists, film historians and university professors from around the world. In 2013, Aifest was merged with Anifilm. Anifilm Anifest The \"'International Festival of Animated Films AniFest\" is an international festival of animated films held annually in the Czech Republic. It was established in 2002 and has attracted more than twenty-thousand guests per year. It is a specialized"
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"retrieved": [
"Anchor Brewing Company Anchor Brewing Company is an American alcoholic beverage producer, operating a brewery and distillery on Potrero Hill in San Francisco, California. The brewery was founded in 1896 and was purchased by Frederick Louis Maytag III in 1965, saving it from closure. It moved to its current location in 1979. It is one of the last remaining breweries to produce California common beer, also known as \"Steam Beer\", a trademark owned by the company. In 2010 the company was purchased by The Griffin Group, an investment and consulting company focused on beverage alcohol brands. The brewery is now known as Anchor Brewers & Distillers, LLC. On 3 August 2017, it was announced that Sapporo Breweries would acquire the company. Anchor began during the California Gold Rush when Gottlieb Brekle arrived from Germany and began brewing in San Francisco. In 1896, Ernst F. Baruth and his son-in-law, Otto Schinkel, Jr., bought the old brewery on Pacific Avenue and named it \"Anchor\". The brewery burned down in the fires that followed the 1906 earthquake, but was rebuilt at a different location in 1907. There is no record of what Anchor did during Prohibition, but it resumed serving Steam Beer after Repeal, possibly as the only steam brewing company still in operation. However the brewery burned down yet again within the year, and it relocated once more, this time to a building a few blocks away. The brewery continued operations into the late 1950s, but suffered heavily from the country's increasingly strong preference for the light lagers produced by the megabreweries. Whereas there had been more than 4,000 breweries at the turn of the twentieth century, only 70 remained by the 1960s. Anchor shut its doors briefly in 1959, but was bought and reopened the following year. By 1965, however, it was doing so poorly that it nearly closed again. Anchor's situation continued to deteriorate largely because the current owners lacked the expertise, equipment, and attention to cleanliness that are required to produce consistent batches of beer for commercial consumption. The brewery gained a deserved reputation for producing sour, bad beer. In 1965, Frederick Louis \"Fritz\" Maytag III bought the brewery, saving it from closure. He purchased 51 percent of the brewery for several thousand dollars, and later purchased the brewery outright. It moved to its current location near Potrero Hill in 1979. Turning the failing brewery around required more than the money in Maytag's fortune. He also had to change the character of the beer that was produced there. Between purchasing Anchor and producing the first batches of bottled \"Anchor Steam\" in 1971, Maytag had to learn the brewing process from scratch, invest in improvements to the equipment, and focus heavily on cleanliness in the brewing process. The new beer was a definitive representative of California common beer, a derivative of historic steam beer. Before offering in bottles, sales were only as draft beer to thirty local establishments that had long carried the brand. Total production was only 800 barrels in 1969, 1,200 in 1970, and 2,100 in 1971. The bottles were initially sold in four-packs, to keep the price close to mainstream six-packs. During the 1980s \"Anchor Steam Beer\" began to achieve national notice and demand increased from only a few thousand cases per year that had been produced in the old location. It was the first of the modern microbreweries, being among the first American breweries to produce a porter, barley wine, or India pale ale with regularity. Its success inspired many others to enter the brewing business, notably New Albion. In 1989 the company produced a limited edition of beer (known in Sumerian as \"sikaru\") which they named Ninkasi after the Sumerian goddess of beer. It was based on a scholarly reconstruction of an ancient Sumerian recipe known as the \"hymn to Ninkasi\". The recipe started with a twice-baked bread known as bappir as well as malt, and was sweetened with honey and dates. It did not include hops or other bittering ingredients, so it was considerably sweeter than modern beers. The recipe is described by Charlie Papazian. Also in 1989, the brewing process for a batch of Steam was interrupted during the Loma Prieta earthquake. The resulting (altered) brew was released as normal \"Anchor Steam\", but with an inverted label; this beer has come to be referred to as \"Earthquake Beer\". In 1993, the company opened Anchor Distillery, a microdistillery in the same location as the brewery, and began making a single malt rye whiskey, named \"Old Potrero\" after the hill. In 1997, the microdistillery began producing gin, called \"Junípero\"—Spanish for juniper, and a reference to Fr. Junípero Serra, an important figure in San Francisco's and California's history. Recently they have also begun producing a Jenever style gin called Genevieve, using wheat, barley, rye, and the same herbal ingredients as their Junípero gin. In 2010, Maytag sold the company to the former Skyy vodka executives Keith Greggor and Tony Foglio, from Novato, Calif., who planned to expand Anchor's business while keeping its commitment to artisan brewing. In 2013, the brewery launched Anchor California Lager, a re-creation of a historic Boca Brewing lager from the 1870s. The brewery also announced a major expansion plan at Pier 48 in the Mission Rock neighborhood near AT&T Park, which would expand Anchor's maximum annual production capacity from 180,000 barrels to 680,000 barrels. In 2014, Anchor officially announced Anchor IPA, the first India Pale Ale in the brewery's history. Anchor ended production of its winter seasonal Bock in 2014 and replaced it a year later with Anchor Winter Wheat. In 2017, Anchor was purchased by Sapporro. Anchor has a year-round range of seven beers, as well as several seasonal beers. In 2012, Anchor introduced the Zymaster series, which places an emphasis on brewing tradition. These beers are generally of an extremely limited nature. Anchor Brewing Company Anchor Brewing Company is an American alcoholic beverage producer, operating a brewery and distillery on Potrero Hill in San Francisco, California. The brewery was founded"
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"Global mental health Global mental health is the international perspective on different aspects of mental health. It is 'the area of study, research and practice that places a priority on improving mental health and achieving equity in mental health for all people worldwide'. There is a growing body of criticism of the global mental health movement, and has been widely criticised as a neo-colonial or \"missionary\" project and as primarily a front for pharmaceutical companies seeking new clients for psychiatric drugs. In theory, taking into account cultural differences and country-specific conditions, it deals with the epidemiology of mental disorders in different countries, their treatment options, mental health education, political and financial aspects, the structure of mental health care systems, human resources in mental health, and human rights issues among others. The overall aim of the field of global mental health is to strengthen mental health all over the world by providing information about the mental health situation in all countries, and identifying mental health care needs in order to develop cost-effective interventions to meet those specific needs. Mental, neurological, and substance use disorders make a substantial contribution to the global burden of disease (GBD). This is a global measure of so-called disability-adjusted life years (DALY's) assigned to a certain disease/disorder, which is a sum of the years lived with disability and years of life lost due to this disease within the total population. Neuropsychiatric conditions account for 14% of the global burden of disease. Among non-communicable diseases, they account for 28% of the DALY's – more than cardiovascular disease or cancer. However, it is estimated that the real contribution of mental disorders to the global burden of disease is even higher, due to the complex interactions and co-morbidity of physical and mental illness. Around the world, almost one million people die due to suicide every year, and it is the third leading cause of death among young people. The most important causes of disability due to health-related conditions worldwide include unipolar depression, alcoholism, schizophrenia, bipolar depression and dementia. In low- and middle-income countries, these conditions represent a total of 19.1% of all disability related to health conditions. It is estimated that one in four people in the world will be affected by mental or neurological disorders at some point in their lives. Although many effective interventions for the treatment of mental disorders are known, and awareness of the need for treatment of people with mental disorders has risen, the proportion of those who need mental health care but who do not receive it remains very high. This so-called \"treatment gap\" is estimated to reach between 76–85% for low- and middle-income countries, and 35–50% for high-income countries. Despite the acknowledged need, for the most part there have not been substantial changes in mental health care delivery during the past years. Main reasons for this problem are public health priorities, lack of a mental health policy and legislation in many countries, a lack of resources – financial and human resources – as well as inefficient resource allocation. In 2011, the World Health Organization estimated a shortage of 1.18 million mental health professionals, including 55,000 psychiatrists, 628,000 nurses in mental health settings, and 493,000 psychosocial care providers needed to treat mental disorders in 144 low- and middle-income countries. The annual wage bill to remove this health workforce shortage was estimated at about US$4.4 billion. Information and evidence about cost-effective interventions to provide better mental health care are available. Although most of the research (80%) has been carried out in high-income countries, there is also strong evidence from low- and middle-income countries that pharmacological and psychosocial interventions are effective ways to treat mental disorders, with the strongest evidence for depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and hazardous alcohol use. Recommendations to strengthen mental health systems around the world have been first mentioned in the WHO's \"World Health Report 2001\", which focused on mental health: Based on the data of 12 countries, assessed by the \"WHO Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems\" (WHO-AIMS), the costs of scaling up mental health services by providing a core treatment package for schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, depressive episodes and hazardous alcohol use have been estimated. Structural changes in mental health systems according to the WHO recommendations have been taken into account. For most countries, this model suggests an initial period of investment of US$0.30 – 0.50 per person per year. The total expenditure on mental health would have to rise at least ten-fold in low-income countries. In those countries, additional financial resources will be needed, while in middle- and high-income countries the main challenge will be the reallocation of resources within the health system to provide better mental health service. Prevention is beginning to appear in mental health strategies, including the 2004 WHO report \"Prevention of Mental Disorders\", the 2008 EU \"Pact for Mental Health\" and the 2011 US National Prevention Strategy. NIMH or the National Institute of Mental Health has over 400 grants. Two of WHO's core programmes for mental health are WHO MIND (Mental health improvements for Nations Development) and Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP). WHO MIND focuses on 5 areas of action to ensure concrete changes in people's daily lives. These are: Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) is WHO’s action plan to scale up services for mental, neurological and substance use disorders for countries especially with low and lower middle incomes. The aim of mhGAP is to build partnerships for collective action and to reinforce the commitment of governments, international organizations and other stakeholders. The mhGAP Intervention Guide (mhGAP-IG) was launched in October 2010. It is a technical tool for the management of mental, neurological and substance use disorders in non-specialist health settings. The priority conditions included are: depression, psychosis, bipolar disorders, epilepsy, developmental and behavioural disorders in children and adolescents, dementia, alcohol use disorders, drug use disorders, self-harm/suicide and other significant emotional or medically unexplained complaints. One of the most prominent critics of the Movement for Global Mental Health has been China Mills, author of the book \"Decolonizing Global Mental Health: The Psychiatrization of the Majority World\". Mills writes that: Another prominent critic is Ethan Watters, author of \"Crazy Like Us: The Globalization of the American Psyche\". Global mental health Global mental health is the international perspective on different aspects of mental health. It is 'the area of study, research and practice that places a priority on improving mental health and achieving equity in mental health for all people worldwide'. There is a growing body of criticism of the global mental health movement, and has been widely criticised as a neo-colonial or \"missionary\" project and"
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"Suzuki GSX-R1000 The Suzuki GSX-R1000 is a sport bike from Suzuki's GSX-R series of motorcycles. It was introduced in 2001 to replace the GSX-R1100 and is powered by a liquid-cooled inline four-cylinder, four-stroke engine. For 2001, Suzuki introduced a new GSX-R model that replaced the largest and most powerful model of the GSX-R series sport bike, the GSX-R1100, with the all new GSX-R1000. As the model name revealed, the engine's cylinder displacement was roughly , about 100 cc smaller than its predecessor. The GSX-R1000 was not just an enlarged version of the GSX-R750, although it shared many features with its little brother. The main frame is the same in both models, but the material used on the big brother was thicker. Suzuki claimed the torsional rigidity of the frame had increased 10% in comparison with the GSX-R750. The GSX-R1000 engine was a redesigned GSX-R750 engine. The R1000 had a bigger bore and longer stroke, newly designed pistons with lower crown, and gear-driven counter balancer. The engine weighed which was slightly heavier than the 750 engine but lighter than the engine of the GSX1300R. The performance of the engine is a peak of at 9,500 rpm, as measured on the crank and , when measured on the rear wheel with small variations between different instances of the same model. The redline is set at 12,000 rpm. The maximum torque of the engine is at 8,000 rpm. Combined with a total (dry) weight of this gives the GSX-R1000 a top speed of , a 1/4 mile time of 10.1 seconds at , and a 0 to time of 3 seconds. Using titanium for the exhaust down pipe (K1 model link pipe is black, K2 model link pipe is polished titanium) and the inside of the silencer, enabled the 1000s exhaust system to become lighter than that of the 750. Titanium was also used in the front fork (titanium-nitride) to coat the stanchions. An exhaust tuning valve had been mounted inside the exhaust pipe. Using a servo the system dynamically adjusted the exhaust back pressure, according to engine speed, throttle position, and gear selection for increased torque, lower emissions, and decreased noise—the (stock) exhaust noise of the GSX-R1000 is notably lower than that of the GSX-R600. With the 2001 model of the GSX-R1000, the 1998 Yamaha YZF-R1 was finally surpassed with the GSX-R being lighter and more powerful. The 2001 model carried over to 2002 with minimal changes. 2002 introduced i.a. modifications to the fuel pump, clutch, front axle, torque link, mirrors, and luggage hooks. The manual fast-idle was replaced with a computer operated implementation (the \"STV servo\"). New colours, and new GSXR stickers. After the GSX-R1000 had been three years on the roads and race tracks, Suzuki put out a new version of the model in late September 2002. Suzuki engineers had been working on the three things that made a fast bike faster; weight, power and handling. The 2003 year's GSX-R1000 was improved in all three counts. It weighed less, had more power/torque and handled better. The physical dimensions of the bike were almost identical with the previous year's model. The seat height and the overall height were somewhat lower but the geometry of the bike was exactly the same as before. The already rigid aluminum alloy frame was newly designed and enforced with internal ribs, also there was an updated headlight and tail fairing. The frame as well as the wheels were now coated black. The front brakes were also new. Suzuki decided to drop the six-piston calipers. The new radially mounted four-piston calipers weigh 30 grams less and grip smaller discs that save another . Though smaller, Suzuki claimed that the new brakes provide better stopping and turn-in performance. The headlights of the 2003 year's GSX-R1000 were mounted vertically to enable the ram-air intakes in the front to be placed nearer the bike's center line. The new design was very much inspired by the look of the Hayabusa. The instruments were also redesigned. The cylinder displacement of the engine remained the same , but more power/torque and better throttle response had been achieved by adding four ventilation holes between the cylinders to equalize crankcase pressure beneath the pistons, moving the air intake nearer to the centerline and upgrading the engine management system from a 16-bit to a 32-bit ECU. The entire exhaust system was now made of titanium to save an additional and the tail light was replaced with LEDs. The 2003 model carried over to 2004 without any significant improvements. The 2005 model year GSX-R1000 had a redesigned engine and chassis. It had lower weight than the previous model and the engine had an larger piston displacement. It had a totally new frame reducing the total length of the bike by but reducing its wheelbase only . There were new brakes with radial mounted calipers and discs at the front. The new titanium silencer (catalytic in Europe) was said to be designed to reduce turbulence to minimum. This model weighs in at a mere 365 lbs dry, putting it towards the top of the power-to-weight ratio charts. This weight reduction came at a cost of durability issues with the 2005-2006 models experiencing frame cracking. The 2005 model has a tested wet weight of . Power output is tested at and peak torque is both at the rear wheel. The 2005 model carried over to 2006 without any significant improvements other than a few appearance changes. The 2006 model had a measured top speed of . On September 22, 2006, Suzuki revealed a significantly updated GSX-R1000 for 2007 at the Paris motor show. The new bike gained over the 2006 model which was due to its new exhaust system and new emissions regulations. To counter this weight increase, Suzuki claimed improved aerodynamics along with a faster revving engine and larger throttle body. Although not a completely new model, the engine and chassis have been updated. It also featured three different engine mapping configurations, selectable via two buttons located on the right handlebar. One up, and one down arrow to cycle between Mode A (unrestricted), Mode B (reduced power until 50% throttle is applied), and Mode C (reduced power throughout the rpm regardless of throttle application). It also received a hydraulic clutch. The 2007 model carried over to 2008 without any significant improvements. The 2017 model, introduced to reporters at EICMA in late 2016, had a significantly redesigned engine the first since the last engine update on the 2009 model. This new engine has a higher RPM limit and no balancer shaft to quell vibration, also a mechanical variable valve timing used for ten years by Suzuki in MotoGP and drive by wire throttle. This model is the first to get the addition of traction control with a (IMU) inertial measuring unit measuring yaw, roll and pitch also all lighting is now LED. Another first for any GSX-R is the use of a fuel gauge on this model. Along with the new 2017 GSX-R1000 model, Suzuki has also released a up spec model GSX-R1000R; this R model comes with a Motion Track Brake System, Bi-directional quick shifter and launch control. Also on the R model, as reported by Sport Rider, are the same Showa Balance Free Front (BFF) fork and Balance Free Rear Cushion (BFRC Lite) shock that come standard on the 2016 Kawasaki ZX-10R. Specifications are 199 horsepower at 13,200 rpm (claimed) and (rear wheel), 86 lb-ft torque at 10,000 rpm (claimed) and (rear wheel); 76.0 mm x 55.1 mm bore x stroke, and 13.2:1 compression ratio. Troy Corser won the 2005 Superbike World Championship season, and Alessandro Polita won the 2006 FIM Superstock 1000 Cup season. The bike was used by Yukio Kagayama and Kousuke Akiyoshi to win the Suzuka 8 Hours endurance race in 2007, with Kazuki Tokudome and Nobuatsu Aoki doing the same in 2009. Suzuki GSX-R1000 The Suzuki GSX-R1000 is a sport bike from Suzuki's GSX-R series of motorcycles. It was introduced in 2001 to replace the GSX-R1100 and is powered by a liquid-cooled inline four-cylinder, four-stroke engine. For 2001,",
"(BFRC Lite) shock that come standard on the 2016 Kawasaki ZX-10R. Specifications are 199 horsepower at 13,200 rpm (claimed) and (rear wheel), 86 lb-ft torque at 10,000 rpm (claimed) and (rear wheel); 76.0 mm x 55.1 mm bore x stroke, and 13.2:1 compression ratio. Troy Corser won the 2005 Superbike World Championship season, and Alessandro Polita won the 2006 FIM Superstock 1000 Cup season. The bike was used by Yukio Kagayama and Kousuke Akiyoshi to win the Suzuka 8 Hours endurance race in 2007, with Kazuki Tokudome and Nobuatsu Aoki doing the same in 2009. Suzuki GSX-R1000 The Suzuki GSX-R1000 is a sport bike from Suzuki's GSX-R series of motorcycles. It was introduced in 2001 to replace the GSX-R1100 and is powered by a liquid-cooled inline four-cylinder, four-stroke engine. For 2001, Suzuki introduced a new GSX-R model that replaced the largest and most powerful model of the GSX-R series sport bike, the GSX-R1100, with the all new GSX-R1000. As the model name revealed, the engine's cylinder displacement was roughly , about 100 cc smaller than its predecessor. The GSX-R1000 was not just an enlarged version of"
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"Patrick Roddy Colonel Patrick Roddy VC (17 March 1827 – 21 November 1895) was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He was 31 years old, and an ensign in the Bengal Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC. He served in the Abyssinian War and the Second Anglo-Afghan War. He later achieved the rank of colonel. He died at Jersey, Channel Islands on 21 November 1895. Colonel Roddy's legacy is kept alive by the Roddy Family Hibernian Society which is now chaired by Roddy Bisgaard Lanigan. Listed in order of publication year Patrick Roddy Colonel Patrick Roddy VC (17 March 1827 – 21 November 1895) was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He was 31 years old, and an ensign in the Bengal Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC."
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"Lucky Love \"Lucky Love\" is a 1995 song recorded by Swedish group Ace of Base. It is taken from their album \"The Bridge\". It became their fifth worldwide single, and was the first single from \"The Bridge\" to be released in Europe; the acoustic version of the song was the second single in the United States and Canada. \"Lucky Love\" also became their first number-one in Sweden. It also peaked at number one in Finland. The song peaked within top 10 in Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Hungary, Spain and Zimbabwe. The song was performed during the 1995 World Championships in Athletics opening ceremony in Göteborg. \"Billboard\" wrote about the song: \"This is the single that the act's diehard fans have been screaming for since the launch of the album \"The Bridge.\" Far more substantial and satisfying than the previous \"It's A Beautiful Life,\" the song rides a brainseeping chorus that you will be singing to yourself whether you want to or not.\" The \"Gavin Report\" wrote: \"Proving their particular style of music comes in all shapes and colors, Jenny, Linn, Buddha, and Joker roll into '96 with a song that people like B96-Chicago MD Erik Bradley were testifying about long before the end of last year. \"Lucky Love\" was released as their first single in the U.K., where it became an instant smash—a fact that should come as no big surprise to anyone who's heard the song. More than a few programmers predict Number One, and you'll get no argument here.\" \"Music & Media\" wrote: \"All the hits from the Happy Nation CD are a hard act to follow, but the Swedish quartet succeeds here hands down. Are they maybe on a special frequency allowing them to download top melodies?\" Two videos were produced for the song. The first, released in Europe, directed by Rocky Schenck and featuring the original version of the song, focuses on a middle-aged woman reuniting with the boyfriend she had as a teenager. The band is seen around the actors in the video and also though footage shot by the band themselves using a handheld video camera. The video was shot in Gothenburg in August 1995. An alternate edit of this version featuring the acoustic version of the song was featured on the 2008 \"Greatest Hits\" DVD. The second video, released in North America and featuring the acoustic version of the song, focuses on several young couples interacting in various scenarios with shots of the band cut in. A shot of the video for \"Beautiful Life\" can be seen on a television screen in this version. This version was filmed on 29 and 30 January 1996 at Hampton Court House. It is the last video in Malin's career in which she sang in a music video. Lucky Love \"Lucky Love\" is a 1995 song recorded by Swedish group Ace of Base. It is taken from their album \"The Bridge\". It became their fifth worldwide single, and was the first single from \"The Bridge\" to be"
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"Hugh (archbishop of Palermo) Hugh (died 1161) was an archbishop of Palermo. He was given the \"pallium\" by Pope Eugene III in 1150, but was denied the metropolitan authority previously granted by the Antipope Anacletus II. At Easter 1151, Hugh crowned William, son of Roger II, co-king at Palermo. In 1155, after the death of Roger, it was alleged that Hugh and the Admiral Maio of Bari were plotting to overthrow William. However, these reports are contradicted by the trust William placed in Hugh and Maio during his lengthy illness that year, from September to Christmas. Later, Hugh, Maio, and the Archbishop Romuald of Salerno represented William at the negotiations for the Treaty of Benevento in 1156, after the suppression of a rebellion. On the night of 10 November 1160, Hugh was walking with Maio when the admiral was set upon by Matthew Bonnellus and assassinated. Some allege Hugh to have been privy to the plot, but that too can probably be dismissed. Hugh died the next year. Hugh (archbishop of Palermo) Hugh (died 1161) was an archbishop of Palermo. He was given the \"pallium\" by Pope Eugene III in 1150, but was denied the metropolitan authority previously granted by"
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"Luiz Camargo Luiz Henrique Camargo (born 4 May 1987 in Vinhedo) is a Brazilian footballer. Luiz Camargo began his career in his native Brazil with Mogi Mirim. In 2009, he moved to Brazilian second division side Paraná, where he quickly established himself as a starter in central midfield for the club. During the 2011 season, Camargo was sent on loan to Major League Soccer side Houston Dynamo. He joined a struggling Dynamo side during the latter part of the 2011 season. Camargo and his teammates' late-season performances led the club to a playoff berth and eventual place in the 2011 MLS Cup Final. At the conclusion of the season, Houston reached an agreement with Paraná to retain the Brazilian's services. Camargo played his first match of 2012 in a 1–0 reserve division win over the Colorado Rapids. In 2013 Camargo has scored 1 goal in three Dynamo reserve games showing confidence while controlling the flow of play for the dynamo on the field. Camargo was waived by Houston on 26 June 2013. On 15 March 2012, Camargo's wife gave birth to the couple's son named Pedro in Houston, Texas. Luiz Camargo Luiz Henrique Camargo (born 4 May 1987 in Vinhedo)"
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"UFO 34 UFO 34 is a cruising and racing fibreglass monohull sailboat class. It is a sloop based on a design by Holman and Pye. The design features a spade rudder and a Bermuda rig with a large, overlapping headsail. Over 150 UFO 34's have been built both in the United Kingdom and Australia. The UFO 34 is a seaworthy yacht for offshore voyages, including extreme weather conditions, which also performs well in yacht racing. UFO 34 yachts competed both in the disastrous 1979 Fastnet and 1998 Sydney to Hobart yacht races, where lives and yachts were lost in the extreme conditions. UFO 34's performed effectively in both races, winning class IV in the Fastnet race and retiring without incident in the Sydney to Hobart. \"Unidentified Flying Object\" won the Royal Yacht Squadron's de Mass Cup at Cowes in 1974 and many other races. This first yacht was designed for Richard Mathews by the British naval architects Holman and Pye as a 32ft prototype for the Three-Quarter Ton class in the International Offshore Rule. The design was developed into the UFO 34, which became the first yacht produced by Mathew's company Oyster Marine. Over 150 were built, both in the United Kingdom and Australia. In the United Kingdom builders included Colvic Craft (hull & deck), Landamores Yacht Builders (fitout) plus a number were completed by owners. A mark II version was also released by Oyster Marine incorporating an external ballast keel with either a racing/cruising keel (5,000 lbs) or a racing keel (6,000 lbs). In Western Australia builders included Durben Marine and Sea Craft Marine. UFO 34's are raced at club level both in the United Kingdom and Australia. By modern standards a UFO 34 is a moderate to heavy yacht with good performance, particularly to windward. UFO34's racing performance is similar to S&S 34's with both rated the same and slightly faster than a Contessa 32. UFO 34s also regularly compete in offshore races in Western Australia. A UFO 34 based in Australia called \"Not Negotiable\" had a number of good results in offshore racing, including 2000 Melbourne - King Island. PHD (1st Overall) & IMS (2nd Overall), 2001 Melbourne - Low Head (Tasmania) 2nd PHD Overall, the 1998, 1999 & 2000 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Races, the 2004 Australian Three Peaks Race the 2009 Launceston to Hobart and more recently the 2013 Fremantle to Bali yacht race. The UFO 34 \"Impulse\" also won her division in the 1999 Sydney to Hobart yacht race. UFO 34's also had good results in the 1993 Fremantle to Lombok (Indonesia) yacht race with \"Amadeus\" winning IMS honours (1st overall) and \"Vela\" taking out the YAH trophy (1st overall). As detailed below, the UFO 34s \"Black Arrow\" finishing 1st and \"Mahuri\" 3rd in class IV of the 1979 Fastnet race. A proven cruising yacht that has extensively sailed around Great Britain, the Baltic and North Sea and Mediterranean. UFO 34 yachts have also participated in the 630 nautical mile Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race and the 1,460 nautical mile Fremantle-to-Lombok Yacht Race. In May 1979 the UFO 34 \"Windrift of Clyde\" sailed from Scotland to Iceland and encountered severe weather conditions, estimated at a sustained 60 knots plus for over 24 hours. During this period the yacht suffered severe knockdowns and capsized twice, including being pitch-poled. Despite some damage and injuries to crew, the yacht was able to sail to Iceland without assistance. A very good summary of the voyage is detailed in the fifth edition of Adlard Coles' \"Heavy Weather Sailing\". UFO 34's are seaworthy yachts that have few vices and make a good all-round fast cruiser/racers. The UFO 34's stability index has been calculated at 122.4 with a Limit of positive stability of 119.1, which is above the minimum stability index of 115 required for the Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race. Six UFO 34's competed in the 1979 Fastnet race, which experienced winds averaging 50 to 55 knots, gusts to 68 knots and waves as high as 50 feet. None of the UFO 34's sustained significant structural damage to the hull. Among the 58 boats in Class IV (34 ft), two of the six finishing yachts were UFO 34s: \"Black Arrow\" finishing 1st and \"Mahuri\" 3rd. Three of the other UFO 34s retired without major incidents. Apart from two knockdowns \"Kamisado\" coped effectively with the storm and retired to Plymouth. The only UFO 34 that had significant issues was \"Sandettie\", which was rolled, dismasted and swamped. However \"Sandettie's\" crew were able to jury rig emergency rigging and sail to Lands End, where they were towed to Penzance. During the 1998 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race the UFO 34 \"Not Negotiable\" experienced winds in excess of 65 knots (Force 12, +73 mph, +118 kph) for approximately 6-8 hours. During this period breaking waves of 4-8 metres, with the occasional 12 metre wave were also encountered. Apart from one knockdown to 80 degrees, \"Not Negotiable\" had no issues and safely retired to Eden. The main technique utilised was to \"\"...keeping our nose into it and ploughing forward and just ducking and weaving around the worst of the waves worked for us fine\"\". Note that this is similar to the successful storm tactics employed by the UFO 34 \"Windrift of Clyde\" when the yacht was actively sailed with the bow into the sea. Similar sailboats UFO 34 UFO 34 is a cruising and racing"
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"Division of East Sydney The Division of East Sydney was an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. The division was created in 1900 and was one of the original 75 divisions contested at the first federal election. It was abolished in 1969. It was named for the suburb of East Sydney. It was located in the inner eastern suburbs of Sydney, including Darlinghurst, Paddington, Redfern, Surry Hills and Waverley. After 1910 East Sydney was usually a safe seat for the Australian Labor Party. In the 1930s it was a stronghold of Lang Labor. Its most prominent members were Sir George Reid, who was Prime Minister of Australia in 1904-05, and Eddie Ward, a long-serving Labor member and Cabinet minister. Division of East Sydney The Division of East Sydney was an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. The division was created in 1900 and was one of the original 75 divisions contested at the first federal election. It was abolished in 1969. It was named for the suburb of East Sydney. It was located in the inner eastern suburbs of Sydney, including Darlinghurst, Paddington, Redfern, Surry Hills and Waverley. After 1910 East Sydney was usually a safe seat for"
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"USENIX The USENIX Association is the Advanced Computing Systems Association. It was founded in 1975 under the name \"Unix Users Group,\" focusing primarily on the study and development of Unix and similar systems. In June 1977, a lawyer from AT&T Corporation informed the group that they could not use the word UNIX as it was a trademark of Western Electric (the manufacturing arm of AT&T until 1995), which led to the change of name to USENIX. It has since grown into a respected organization among practitioners, developers, and researchers of computer operating systems more generally. Since its founding, it has published a technical journal entitled \"\". USENIX was started as a technical organization. As commercial interest grew, a number of separate groups started in parallel, most notably the Software Tools Users Group (STUG), a technical adjunct for Unix-like tools and interface on non-Unix operating systems, and /usr/group, a commercially oriented user group. USENIX has a special interest group for system administrators, LISA, formerly SAGE. It sponsors several conferences and workshops each year, most notably the USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI), the USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI), the USENIX Annual Technical Conference, the USENIX Security Symposium, the USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST), and with LISA (formerly SAGE), the Large Installation System Administration Conference (LISA). USENIX's founding President was Lou Katz. USENIX became the first computing association to provide open access to their conference and workshop papers in 2008. , it remains the only one to have done so. Since 2011, they have included audio and video recordings of paper presentations in their open-access materials. This award, also called the \"Flame\" award, is handed out annually since 1993. USENIX The USENIX Association is the Advanced Computing Systems Association. It was founded"
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"Enric Roig i Masriera Enric Roig Masriera ( Barcelona, 1892 - ibid, December 17 of 1962) was a violinist , poet and musicologist . He was one of the Masrieras, a renowned family of artists of modernism (Lluís Masriera i Rosés, Josep Masriera i Manovens, Francesc Masriera i Manovens) present in various fields of culture. He was educated at Liceu Conservatory. Its cultural and artistic training was influenced mainly by the family. He worked closely with his family playing music and plays in the workshop Estudi Masriera/Petit teatre at Bailen street under the name of Lluís Masriera/Companyia Belluguet. He grew up and was formed artistically and culturally in this environment . His main achievement was to have extended the field of music research, both to the Preclassic and into the modern past . In an atmosphere of inertia and scarcity, he defended the work and the theory of Arnold Schoenberg and his followers, including his friend Robert Gerhard i Ottenwaelder. Among his pupils there were renowned musicians such as Manuel Garcia Morante, Enric Gispert, Joan Guinjoan and Joaquim Homs Oller to whom, despite not being his pupil, he transmitted a large direct descent. He is the author of the following essays : \" The XVIth century Italian violinists\" \"The value of contemporary music\" , \"The creators of the classic opera in Naples,\" \" The sacred classical polyphony\" \"Songs of the troubadours, remarks on the interpretation of classical works for violin\", and articles in several magazines. He was a member of several associations and movements around the contemporary music as \"Discòfils - Associació Pro- Música\" a pioneering movement in Spain which was active between March 1935 and February 1936, ten years after the birth of the electric recordings, with a clear educational vision of the citizens of his country. This association was encouraged by Joan Prats and Ricard Gomis and had the advice of the Catalan composer Robert Gerhard and the technical assessment of the violinist Enric Roig. These sessions also involved the eminent musicologist Father Higini EAnglès i Pàmies the reviewer Josep Palau i Claveras, the folklorist and Mallorquin composer Baltasar Samper i Marquès and the music critic from Madrid Adolfo Salazar. Part of Enric Roig's legacy as a music teacher is in the Universitat Pompeu Fabra's Library and his recordings collection were given to the National Library of Catalonia. Enric Roig i Masriera Enric Roig Masriera ( Barcelona, 1892"
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"Jonna Adlerteg Jonna Eva-Maj Adlerteg (born 6 June 1995 in Västerås, Sweden) is a Swedish gymnast. She won the bronze medal on bars at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics in Singapore. Adlerteg qualified for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, becoming the second Swedish gymnast during the 21st century to qualify for the Olympics after Veronica Wagner. Adlerteg took Sweden's first medal in gymnastics in over 50 years when she won the silver medal on the uneven bars at the 2013 Europe Championships Adlerteg represented Sweden at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics. Adlerteg finished 10th in the all-around final. She finished 8th on beam and 7th on floor. Adlerteg's best result was on the uneven bars, where she won bronze behind Viktoria Komova and Tan Sixin. Her bronze was one of five medals that Sweden won at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics. Adlerteg competed at the 2011 European Championships. As the youngest competitor, she finished 23rd in the all-around. At the Ghent World Cup, she finished 4th on bars and 6th on floor. Adlerteg finished 64th in the all-around qualification for the 2011 World Championships with a score of 51.966. Adlerteg placed 42nd at the Test Event, qualifying her a spot for the 2012 Summer Olympics. She was the second Swedish gymnast during the 21st century to qualify for the Olympics after Veronica Wagner. Adlerteg finished 16th with the Swedish team at the 2012 European Championships. At the World Cup in Ghent, Adlerteg finished 4th on bars. Adlerteg represented Sweden at the 2012 Summer Olympics. She finished 39th in the all-around qualification with a score of 52.199. Adlerteg won a silver medal on the uneven bars at the 2013 European Championships behind Aliya Mustafina. It was Sweden's first medal in gymnastics in over 50 years. Adlerteg competed at the 2014 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships. Jonna started the season at the 2015 Cottbus World Cup and won the bars final. At the 2015 European Artistic Gymnastics Championships, in April 2015, she qualified to the all-around final. She sustained an ACL injury on her first event, the floor, and she was forced to withdraw from the competition. In March 2016, news surfaced that Adlerteg had ruptured a meniscus, and would be out for the 2016 Olympics. Jonna Adlerteg Jonna Eva-Maj Adlerteg (born 6 June 1995 in Västerås, Sweden) is a Swedish gymnast. She won the bronze medal on bars at the 2010"
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"Pinball Pinball is a type of arcade game, in which points are scored by a player manipulating one or more steel balls on a play field inside a glass-covered cabinet called a pinball table (or \"pinball machine\"). The primary objective of the game is to score as many points as possible. Many modern pinball machines include a story line where the player must complete certain objectives in a certain fashion to complete the story, usually earning high scores for different methods of completing the game. Points are earned when the ball strikes different targets on the play field. A drain is situated at the bottom of the play field, partially protected by player-controlled plastic bats called flippers. A game ends after all the balls fall into the drain a certain number of times. Secondary objectives are to maximize the time spent playing (by earning \"extra balls\" and keeping the ball in play as long as possible) and to earn bonus games (known as \"replays\"). The origin of pinball are intertwined with the history of many other games. Games played outdoors by rolling balls or stones on a grass course, such as bocce or bowls, eventually evolved into various local ground billiards games played by hitting the balls with sticks and propelling them at targets, often around obstacles. Croquet, golf and paille-maille eventually derived from ground billiards variants. The evolution of outdoor games finally led to indoor versions that could be played on a table, such as billiards, or on the floor of a pub, like bowling and shuffleboard. The tabletop versions of these games became the ancestors of modern pinball. In France, during the long 1643–1715 reign of Louis XIV, billiard tables were narrowed, with wooden pins or skittles at one end of the table, and players would shoot balls with a stick or cue from the other end, in a game inspired as much by bowling as billiards. Pins took too long to reset when knocked down, so they were eventually fixed to the table, and holes in the bed of the table became the targets. Players could ricochet balls off the pins to achieve the harder scorable holes. A standardized version of the game eventually became known as bagatelle. Somewhere between the 1750s and 1770s, the bagatelle variant \", or Japanese billiards in English, was invented in Western Europe, despite its name. It used thin metal pins and replaced the cue at the player's end of the table with a coiled spring and a plunger. The player shot balls up the inclined playfield toward the scoring targets using this plunger, a device that remains in use in pinball to this day, and the game was also directly ancestral to pachinko. In 1869, British inventor Montague Redgrave settled in the United States and manufactured bagatelle tables in Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1871 Redgrave was granted U.S. Patent #115,357 for his \"Improvements in Bagatelle\", another name for the spring launcher that was first introduced in \"\". The game also shrank in size to fit atop a bar or counter. The balls became marbles and the wickets became small metal pins. Redgrave's popularization of the spring launcher and innovations in game design are acknowledged as the birth of pinball in its modern form. By the 1930s, manufacturers were producing coin-operated versions of bagatelles, now known as \"marble games\" or \"pin games\". The table was under glass and used M. Redgrave's plunger device to propel the ball into the upper playfield. In 1931 David Gottlieb's \"Baffle Ball\" became the first hit of the coin-operated era. Selling for $17.50, the game dispensed five to seven balls for a penny. The game resonated with people wanting cheap entertainment in the Great Depression-era economy. Most drugstores and taverns in the U.S. operated pinball machines, with many locations quickly recovering the cost of the game. Baffle Ball sold over 50,000 units and established Gottlieb as the first major manufacturer of pinball machines. In 1932, Gottlieb distributor Raymond Moloney found it hard to obtain more Baffle Ball units to sell. In his frustration he founded Lion Manufacturing to produce a game of his own design, \"Ballyhoo\", named after a popular magazine of the day. The game became a smash hit. Its larger playfield and ten pockets made it more challenging than \"Baffle Ball\", selling 50,000 units in 7 months. Moloney eventually changed the name of his company to Bally to reflect the success of this game. These early machines were relatively small, mechanically simple and designed to sit on a counter or bar top. The 1930s saw major advances in pinball design with the introduction of electrification. A company called Pacific Amusements in Los Angeles, California produced a game called \"Contact\" in 1933. \"Contact\" had an electrically powered solenoid to propel the ball out of a bonus hole in the middle of the playfield. Another solenoid rang a bell to reward the player. The designer of \"Contact\", Harry Williams, would eventually form his own company, Williams Manufacturing, in 1944. Other manufacturers quickly followed suit with similar features. Electric lights soon became a standard feature of all subsequent pinball games, designed to attract players. By the end of 1932, there were approximately 150 companies manufacturing pinball machines, most of them in Chicago, Illinois. Chicago has been the center of pinball manufacturing ever since. Competition among the companies was strong, and by 1934 there were 14 companies remaining. During WWII, all of the major manufacturers of coin-operated games turned to the manufacture of equipment for the war effort. Some companies, like Williams, bought old games from operators and refurbished them, adding new artwork with a patriotic theme. At the end of the war, a generation of Americans looked for amusement in bars and malt shops, and pinball saw another golden age. Improvements such as the tilt mechanism and free games (known as replays) appeared. Gottlieb's \"Humpty Dumpty\", introduced in 1947, was the first game to add player-controlled flippers to keep the ball in play longer, adding a skill factor to the game. The low power flippers required three pairs around the playfield to get the ball to the top. \"Triple Action\" was the first game to feature just two flippers at the bottom of the playfield. Unlike in modern machines, the flippers faced outwards. These flippers were made more powerful by the addition of a DC (direct current) power supply. These innovations were some of many by designer Steve Kordek. The first game to feature the familiar dual-inward-facing-flipper design was Gottlieb's \"Just 21\" released in January 1950, though the flippers were rather far apart to allow for a turret ball shooter at the bottom center of the playfield. \"Spot Bowler\", also made by Gottlieb and released in October 1950. was the first game with inward-facing flippers placed close together. The post-war era was dominated by Gottlieb. Game designers Wayne Neyens and Ed Krynski, along with artist Leroy Parker, produced games that collectors consider some of the best classic pinball machines. The introduction of microprocessors brought pinball into the realm of electronic gaming. The electromechanical relays and scoring reels that drove games in the 1950s and 1960s were replaced in the 1970s with circuit boards and digital displays. The first solid-state pinball is believed to be Mirco Games' \"The Spirit of '76\" (1976), though the first mainstream solid-state game was Williams' \"Hot Tip\" (1977). This new technology led to a boom for Williams and Bally, who attracted more players with games featuring more complex rules, digital sound effects, and speech. The video game boom of the 1980s signaled the end of the boom for pinball. Arcades replaced rows of pinball machines with video games like 1978's \"Space Invaders\", 1979's \"Asteroids\", 1980's \"Pac-Man\", and 1981's \"Galaga\". These earned significantly greater profits than the pinball machines of the day, while simultaneously requiring less maintenance.",
"reels that drove games in the 1950s and 1960s were replaced in the 1970s with circuit boards and digital displays. The first solid-state pinball is believed to be Mirco Games' \"The Spirit of '76\" (1976), though the first mainstream solid-state game was Williams' \"Hot Tip\" (1977). This new technology led to a boom for Williams and Bally, who attracted more players with games featuring more complex rules, digital sound effects, and speech. The video game boom of the 1980s signaled the end of the boom for pinball. Arcades replaced rows of pinball machines with video games like 1978's \"Space Invaders\", 1979's \"Asteroids\", 1980's \"Pac-Man\", and 1981's \"Galaga\". These earned significantly greater profits than the pinball machines of the day, while simultaneously requiring less maintenance. Bally, Williams, and Gottlieb continued to make pinball machines, while they also manufactured video games in much higher numbers. Many of the larger companies were acquired by, or merged with, other companies. Chicago Coin was purchased by the Stern family, who brought the company into the digital era as Stern Enterprises, which closed its doors in the mid-1980s. Bally exited the pinball business in 1988 and sold their assets to Williams, who subsequently used the Bally trademark from then on for about half of their pinball releases. While the video game craze of the late 1970s and early 1980s dealt a severe blow to pinball revenue, it did spark the creative talents within the industry. All companies involved tried to take advantage of the new solid state technology to improve player appeal of pinball and win back former players from video games. Some of this creativity resulted in landmark designs and features still present today. Some of these include speech, such as Williams' \"Gorgar\"; ramps for the ball to travel around, such as Williams' \"Space Shuttle\"; \"multiball\", used on Williams' \"Firepower\"; multi-level games like Gottlieb's \"Black Hole\" and Williams' \"Black Knight\"; and blinking chase lights, as used on Bally's \"Xenon\". Although these novel features did not win back players as the manufacturers had hoped, they changed players' perception of pinball for coming decades. After the collapse of the coin-operated video game industry, pinball saw another comeback in the 1990s. Some new manufacturers entered the field such as Capcom Pinball and Alvin G. and Company, founded by Alvin Gottlieb, son of David Gottlieb. Gary Stern, the son of Williams co-founder Sam Stern, founded Data East Pinball with funding from Data East Japan. The games from Williams now dominated the industry, with complicated mechanical devices and more elaborate display and sound systems attracting new players to the game. Licensing popular movies and icons of the day became a staple for pinball, with Bally/Williams' \"The Addams Family\" hitting an all-time modern sales record of 20,270 machines. Two years later, Williams commemorated this benchmark with a limited edition of 1,000 \"Addams Family Gold\" pinball machines, featuring gold-colored trim and updated software with new game features. Other notable popular licenses included \"\" and \"\". Expanding markets in Europe and Asia helped fuel the revival of interest. Pat Lawlor was a designer, working for Williams until their exit from the industry in 1999. About a year later, Lawlor returned to the industry, starting his own company, working in conjunction with Stern Pinball to produce new games. The end of the 1990s saw another downturn in the industry, with Gottlieb, Capcom, and Alvin G. closing by the end of 1996. Data East's pinball division was acquired by Sega and became Sega Pinball in 1994. By 1997, there were two companies left: Sega Pinball and Williams. In 1999, Sega sold their pinball division to Gary Stern (President of Sega Pinball at the time) who called his company Stern Pinball. By this time, Williams games rarely sold more than 4,000 units. In 1999, Williams attempted to revive sales with the Pinball 2000 line of games, merging a video display into the pinball playfield. The reception was initially good with \"Revenge From Mars\" selling well over 6,000 machines, but short of the 10,000-plus production runs for releases just six years earlier. The next Pinball 2000 game, \"Star Wars Episode I\", sold only a little over 3,500 machines. Williams exited the pinball business to focus on making gaming equipment for casinos, which was more profitable. They licensed the rights to reproduce Bally/Williams parts to Illinois Pinball and the rights to reproduce full-sized machines to The Pinball Factory. Stern Pinball remained the only manufacturer of original pinball machines until 2013, when Jersey Jack Pinball started shipping \"The Wizard of Oz\". Most members of the design teams for Stern Pinball are former employees of Williams. After the closure of most of the pinball manufacturers in the 1990s, smaller independent manufacturers started appearing in the early 2000s. In November 2005 The Pinball Factory (TPF) in Melbourne, Australia, announced that they would be producing a new \"Crocodile Hunter\"-themed pinball machine under the Bally label. With the death of Steve Irwin, it was announced that the future of this game was uncertain. In 2006 TPF announced that they would be reproducing two popular 90's era Williams machines, \"Medieval Madness\" and \"Cactus Canyon\". TPF however was unable to make good on its promises to produce new machines, and in October 2010 transferred its Williams Electronics Games licenses as well as its pinball spare parts manufacturing and distribution business to Planetary Pinball Supply Inc, a California distributor of pinball replacement parts. In 2006, Illinois pinball company PinBall Manufacturing Inc. produced 178 reproductions of Capcom's \"Big Bang Bar\" for the European and US markets. In 2010, MarsaPlay in Spain manufactured a remake of Inder's original \"Canasta\" titled \"New Canasta\", which was the first game to include a liquid-crystal display (LCD) screen in the backbox. In 2013, Jersey Jack Pinball released \"The Wizard of Oz\" pinball machine. It is the first pinball machine manufactured in the USA with an LCD as backbox, the first widebody pinball machine since 1994 and the first new US pinball machine not made by Stern Pinball since 2001. In 2013, the Chicago Gaming Company announced the creation of a remake of Medieval Madness. This was later followed by a 2017 release of a remake of \"Attack From Mars\". In 2014, the new pinball manufacturer Spooky Pinball released their first game \"America's Most Haunted\". In 2015, the new British pinball manufacturer Heighway Pinball released the racing themed pinball machine \"Full Throttle\". The game has its LCD screen for scores, info and animations located in the playfield surface at player’s eye view. The game was designed with modularity in mind so that the playfield and artwork could be swapped out for future game titles. In 2016, Dutch Pinball, based in the Netherlands, released their first game \"The Big Lebowski\", based on the 1998 film, \"The Big Lebowski\". In 2017, Multimorphic began shipping their pinball machine platform after several years of development. It is a modular design where different games can be swapped into the cabinet. It also has a large interactive display as the playfield surface, which is different from all prior pinball machines that were traditionally made of plywood and embedded with translucent plastic inserts for lighting. Pinball machines, like many other mechanical games, were sometimes used as gambling devices. Some pinball machines, such as Bally's \"bingos\", featured a grid on the backglass scoring area with spaces corresponding to targets or holes on the playfield. Free games could be won if the player was able to get the balls to land in a winning pattern; however, doing this was nearly random, and a common use for such machines was for gambling. Other machines allowed a player to win and accumulate large numbers of \"free games\"",
"where different games can be swapped into the cabinet. It also has a large interactive display as the playfield surface, which is different from all prior pinball machines that were traditionally made of plywood and embedded with translucent plastic inserts for lighting. Pinball machines, like many other mechanical games, were sometimes used as gambling devices. Some pinball machines, such as Bally's \"bingos\", featured a grid on the backglass scoring area with spaces corresponding to targets or holes on the playfield. Free games could be won if the player was able to get the balls to land in a winning pattern; however, doing this was nearly random, and a common use for such machines was for gambling. Other machines allowed a player to win and accumulate large numbers of \"free games\" which could then be cashed out for money with the location owner. Later, this type of feature was discontinued in an effort to legitimize the machines, and to avoid legal problems in areas where awarding free games was considered illegal, some games, called Add-A-Ball, did away with the free game feature, instead giving players extra balls to play (between 5 and 25 in most cases). These extra balls were indicated via lighted graphics in the backglass or by a ball count wheel, but in some areas that was disallowed, and some games were shipped with a sticker to cover the counters. Pinball was banned beginning in the early 1940s until 1976 in New York City. New York mayor Fiorello La Guardia was responsible for the ban, believing that it robbed school children of their hard earned nickels and dimes. La Guardia spearheaded major raids throughout the city, collecting thousands of machines. The mayor participated with police in destroying machines with sledgehammers before dumping the remnants into the city's rivers. The ban ended when Roger Sharpe (a star witness for the AMOA – Amusement and Music Operators Association) testified in April 1976 before a committee in a Manhattan courtroom that pinball games had become games of skill and were not games of chance, that is, gambling. He began to play one of two games set up in the courtroom, and – in a move he compares to Babe Ruth's home run in the 1932 World Series – called out precisely what he was going to shoot for, and then proceeded to do so. Astonished committee members reportedly voted to remove the ban, which was followed in other cities. (Sharpe reportedly acknowledges, in a self-deprecating manner, his courtroom shot was by sheer luck although there was admittedly skill involved in what he did.) Like New York, Los Angeles banned pinball machines in 1939. The ban was overturned by the Supreme Court of California in 1974 because (1) if pinball machines were games of chance, the ordinance was preempted by state law governing games of chance in general, and (2) if they were games of skill, the ordinance was unconstitutional as a denial of the equal protection of the laws. Although it was rarely enforced, Chicago's ban on pinball lasted three decades and ended in 1976. Philadelphia and Salt Lake City also had similar bans. Regardless of these events, some towns in America still have such bans on their books; the town of Kokomo, Indiana lifted its ordinance banning pinball in December 2016. Another close but distinct relative of pinball is pachinko, a gambling game played in Japan. Although they share a common ancestry, the games are very different, in that pachinko involves shooting many small balls repeatedly into a nearly vertical playfield, while pinball is about the manipulation of the small number of balls currently in play on a near-horizontal playfield. The key attribute of a successful pinball game is an interesting and challenging layout of scoring opportunities on the playfield. Many types of targets and features have been developed over the years. The \"playfield\" is a planar surface inclined upward from three to seven degrees (current convention is six and a half degrees), away from the player, and includes multiple targets and scoring objectives. Some operators intentionally extend threaded levelers on the rear legs and/or shorten or remove the levelers on the front legs to create additional incline in the playfield, making the ball move faster and harder to play. It is important that the playfield be level left-to-right; a quick visual test compares the top of the back cabinet against a brick or block wall behind it, or to roll a marble down the center of the playfield glass. If it clearly rolls off to one side, a player may be inclined to stuff folded paper beneath the legs on the lower side to level the playfield. Additionally, leg levelers that are all extended fully make the game easier to nudge; when collapsed low, the entire game is more stable, and nudging becomes harder. The ball is put into play by use of the \"plunger\", a spring-loaded rod that strikes the ball as it rests in an entry lane, or as in some newer games, by a button that signals the game logic to fire a solenoid that strikes the ball. With both devices the result is the same: The ball is propelled upwards onto the playfield. Once a ball is in play, it tends to move downward towards the player, although the ball can move in any direction, sometimes unpredictably, due to contact with objects on the playfield or by the player's own actions. To return the ball to the upper part of the playfield, the player makes use of one or more \"flippers\". Manipulation of the ball may also be accomplished by various tricks, such as \"nudging\". However, excessive nudging is generally penalized by the loss of the current player's turn (known as \"tilting\") or ending of the entire game when the nudging is particularly violent (known as \"slam tilting\"). This penalty was instituted because nudging the machine too much may damage it. Many games also have a slam tilt in the bottom of the lower cabinet to end the game if the cabinet is raised and dropped to the floor in an attempt to falsely trigger the coin counting switch. The \"plunger\" is a spring-loaded rod with a small handle, used to propel the ball into the playfield. The player can control the amount of force used for launching by pulling the plunger a certain distance (thus changing the spring compression). This is often used for a \"skill shot,\" in which a player attempts to launch a ball so that it exactly hits a specified target. Once the ball is in motion in the main area of the playfield, the plunger is not used again until another ball must be brought onto the playfield. In modern machines, an electronically controlled launcher is sometimes substituted for the plunger. The shape of the ball launch button that replaces the plunger may be modified to fit the aesthetics of a particular game's theme, such as being made to look like the trigger of a gun in a game with a military or action-hero theme. The \"flippers\" are one or more small mechanically or electromechanically controlled levers, roughly in length, used for redirecting the ball up the playfield. They are the main control that the player has over the ball. Careful timing and positional control allows the player to intentionally direct the ball in a range of directions with various levels of velocity. With the flippers, the player attempts to move the ball to hit various types of scoring targets, and to keep the ball from disappearing off the bottom of the playfield. The very first pinball games appeared in the early 1930s and did not have flippers; after launch the ball simply proceeded down the playfield, directed by static nails (or \"pins\") to one of several scoring areas. (These pins gave the game its name.) In 1947, the first mechanical flippers appeared on Gottlieb's \"Humpty Dumpty\" and by the early 1950s, the familiar two-flipper configuration, with the flippers at the bottom of the playfield above the center drain, had become standard. Some machines also added a third or fourth flipper midway up the playfield. The new flipper ushered in",
"with various levels of velocity. With the flippers, the player attempts to move the ball to hit various types of scoring targets, and to keep the ball from disappearing off the bottom of the playfield. The very first pinball games appeared in the early 1930s and did not have flippers; after launch the ball simply proceeded down the playfield, directed by static nails (or \"pins\") to one of several scoring areas. (These pins gave the game its name.) In 1947, the first mechanical flippers appeared on Gottlieb's \"Humpty Dumpty\" and by the early 1950s, the familiar two-flipper configuration, with the flippers at the bottom of the playfield above the center drain, had become standard. Some machines also added a third or fourth flipper midway up the playfield. The new flipper ushered in the \"golden age\" of pinball, where the fierce competition between the various pinball manufacturers led to constant innovation in the field. Various types of stationary and moving targets were added, spinning scoring reels replaced games featuring static scores lit from behind. Multiplayer scores were added soon after, and then bells and other noise-makers, all of which began to make pinball less a game and more of an experience. The flippers have loaned pinball its common name in many languages, where the game is known mainly as \"flipper\". \"Bumpers\" are round knobs that, when hit, will actively push the ball away. There is also an earlier variety of bumper (known as a \"dead bumper\" or \"passive bumper\") that doesn't propel the ball away; most bumpers on machines built since the 1960s are active bumpers, variously called \"pop bumpers,\" \"thumper bumpers,\" \"jet bumpers,\" or \"turbo bumpers.\" Most recent games include a set of pop bumpers, usually three, sometimes more or fewer depending on the designer's goals. Bumpers predate flippers, and active bumpers added a great deal of spice to older games. Pop bumpers are operated by a switch connected to a ring surrounding the bottom circumference of the bumper that is suspended several millimeters above the playfield surface. When the ball rolls over this ring and forces one side of it down, a switch is closed that activates the bumper's solenoid. This pulls down a tapered ring surrounding the central post of the bumper that pushes downward and outward on the ball, propelling it away. \"Kickers\" and \"slingshots\" are rubber pads which propel the ball away upon impact, like bumpers, but are usually a horizontal side of a wall. Every recent pinball machine includes slingshots to the upper left and upper right of the lowest set of flippers; older games used more experimental arrangements. They operate similarly to pop bumpers, with a switch on each side of a solenoid-operated lever arm in a typical arrangement. The switches are closed by ball contact with the rubber on the face of the kicker and this activates the solenoid. Early pinball machines typically had full solenoid current passing through trigger switches for all types of solenoids, from kickers to pop bumpers to the flippers themselves. This caused arcing across switch contacts and rapid contact fouling and failure. As electronics were gradually implemented in pinball design, solenoids began to be switched by power transistors under software control to lower switch voltage and current, vastly extend switch service lifetime, and add flexibility to game design. As an example, some later machines had flippers that could be operated independently of the flipper button by the machine's software. The upper-left flipper during \"Thing Flips\" on \"The Addams Family\" pinball machine triggers automatically a brief moment after the ball passes an optical sensor just above the flipper. The smaller, lower-powered solenoids were first to be transistorized, followed later by the higher-current solenoids as the price, performance, and reliability of power transistors improved over the years. Originally holes and saucers worked by using tubes behind the playing field, with a pin at the top to hold the ball for later drops. Another version of the tube uses two spinning wheels to transfer the ball from hole to hole. Newer versions use an electronic track with a carriage or an electromagnet to pull the ball between holes. Ramps are inclined planes with a gentle enough slope that the ball may travel along it. The player attempts to direct the ball with enough force to make it to the top of the ramp and down the other side. If the player succeeds, a \"ramp shot\" has been made. Ramps frequently end in such a way that the ball goes to a flipper so one can make several ramp shots in a row. Often, the number of ramp shots scored in a game is tallied, and reaching certain numbers may lead to various game features. At other times, the ramps will go to smaller \"mini-playfields\" (small playfields, usually raised above the main game surface, with special goals or scoring). There are other idiosyncratic features on many pinball playfields. Pinball games have become increasingly complex and multiple play modes, multi-level playfields, and even progression through a rudimentary \"plot\" have become common features on recent games. Pinball scoring objectives can be quite complex and require a series of targets to be hit in a particular order. Recent pinball games are distinguished by increasingly complex rule sets that require a measure of strategy and planning by the player for maximum scoring. Players seeking highest scores would be well-advised to study the placard (usually found in the lower-left corner of the playfield) to learn each game's specific patterns required for these advanced features and scoring. Common features in modern pinball games include the following: In the 1990s, game designers often put hidden, recurring images or references in their games, which became known as Easter eggs. For example, Williams' designers hid cows in the video displays of the games, and Pat Lawlor would place a red button in the artwork of games he developed. The methods used to find the hidden items usually involved pressing the flipper buttons in a certain order or during specific events. Designers also included hidden messages or in-jokes; one example of this is the phrase \"DOHO\" sometimes seen quickly displayed on the dot matrix displays, a reference to Dorris Ho, the wife of then-Williams display artist Scott \"Matrix\" Slomiany. DOHO was popularly thought to be an acronym for Documented Occurrence of a Hidden Object until its true meaning was revealed in a \"PinGame Journal\" article on the subject. The game \"\" went so far as to embed a hidden \"Breakout\"-like game, available only after a complex sequence of events had been accomplished during the game. The \"backglass\" is a vertical graphic panel mounted on the front of the backbox, which is the upright box at the top back of the machine. The backglass contains the name of the machine, eye-catching graphics, (usually) the score displays (lights, mechanical wheels, an LED display, or a dot-matrix display depending on the era), and sometimes a mechanical device tied to game play, for example, elevator doors that opened on an image or a woman swatting a cat with a broom such as on Williams' 1989 \"Bad Cats\". For older games, the backglass image is screen printed in layers on the reverse side of a piece of glass; in more recent games, the image is imprinted into a translucent piece of plastic-like material called a translite which is mounted behind a piece of glass and which is easily removable. The earliest games did not have backglasses or backboxes and were little more than playfields in boxes. Games are generally built around a particular theme, such as a sport or character and the backglass art reflects this theme to attract the attention of players. Recent machines are typically tied into other enterprises such as a popular film series, toy, or brand name. The entire machine is designed to be as eye-catching as possible to attract players and their money; every possible",
"1989 \"Bad Cats\". For older games, the backglass image is screen printed in layers on the reverse side of a piece of glass; in more recent games, the image is imprinted into a translucent piece of plastic-like material called a translite which is mounted behind a piece of glass and which is easily removable. The earliest games did not have backglasses or backboxes and were little more than playfields in boxes. Games are generally built around a particular theme, such as a sport or character and the backglass art reflects this theme to attract the attention of players. Recent machines are typically tied into other enterprises such as a popular film series, toy, or brand name. The entire machine is designed to be as eye-catching as possible to attract players and their money; every possible space is filled with colorful graphics, blinking lights, and themed objects, and the backglass is usually the first artwork the players see from a distance. Since the artistic value of the backglass may be quite impressive, it is not uncommon for enthusiasts to use a deep frame around a backglass (lighted from behind) and hang it as art after the remainder of the game is discarded. Contact with or manipulation of scoring elements (such as targets or ramps) scores points for the player. Electrical switches embedded in the scoring elements detect contact and relay this information to the scoring mechanism. Older pinball machines used an electromechanical system for scoring wherein a pulse from a switch would cause a complex mechanism composed of relays to ratchet up the score. In later games these tasks have been taken over by semiconductor chips and displays are made on electronic segmented or dot-matrix displays (DMD). The first DMD on a pinball machine was used by \"Checkpoint\" and features also video mode minigames. MarsaPlay in Spain manufactured a remake of Inder's original \"Canasta\" titled \"New Canasta\", with an LCD screen in the backbox in 2010.\" The Wizard of Oz\" is the first US pinball machine that used a LCD in the back box. It is not only used for scoring and mini-games but also to display full color videos. Other display innovations on pinball machines include pinball video game hybrids like \"Baby Pac-Man\" in 1982 and \"Granny and the Gators\" in 1984 and the use of a small color video monitor for scoring and minigames in the backbox of the pinball machine \"Dakar\" from manufacturer Mr. Game in 1988 and CGA color monitors in Pinball 2000 in 1999 that utilizes a Pepper's Ghost technique to reflect the monitor in the head of the as well as modifications by the use of ColorDMD that is used to replace the standard mono color DMDs. Pinball scoring can be peculiar and varies greatly from machine to machine. During the 1930s and the 1940s, lights mounted behind the painted backglasses were used for scoring purposes, making the scoring somewhat arbitrary. (Frequently the lights represented scores in the hundreds of thousands.) Then later, during the 1950s and 1960s when the scoring mechanism was limited to mechanical wheels, high scores were frequently only in the hundreds \"or\" thousands. (Although, in an effort to keep with the traditional high scores attained with the painted backglass games, the first pinball machines to use mechanical wheels for scoring, such as \"Army Navy\", allowed the score to reach into the millions by adding a number of permanent zeros to the end of the score.) The average score changed again in the 1970s with the advent of electronic displays. Average scores soon began to commonly increase back into tens or hundreds of thousands. Since then, there has been a trend of scoring inflation, with modern machines often requiring scores of over a billion points to win a free game. At the peak of this trend, two machines, \"Johnny Mnemonic\" and \"Attack from Mars\", have been played into the trillions. Another recent curiosity is the 1997 Bally game \"NBA Fastbreak\" which, true to its theme, awards points in terms of a real basketball score: Each successful shot can give from one to three points. Getting a hundred points by the end of a game is considered respectable, which makes it one of the \"lowest\" scoring pinball machines of all time. The inflated scores are the source of one of the Spanish-language names of pinball machines, \"máquina del millón\" (\"million machine\"). Pinball designers also entice players with the chance to win an extra game or \"replay\". Ways to get a replay might include the following: When an extra game is won, the machine typically makes a single loud bang, most often with a solenoid that strikes a piece of metal, or the side of the cabinet, with a rod, known as a \"knocker\", or less commonly with loudspeakers. \"Knocking\" is the act of winning an extra game when the knocker makes the loud and distinctive noise. The primary skill of pinball involves application of the proper timing and technique to the operation of the flippers, nudging the playfield when appropriate without tilting, and choosing targets for scores or features. A skilled player can quickly \"learn the angles\" and gain a high level of control of ball motion, even on a machine they have never played. Skilled players can often play on a machine for long periods of time on a single coin. By earning extra balls, a single game can be stretched out for a long period, and if the player is playing well he or she can earn replays known as \"specials.\" A placard is usually placed in a lower corner of the playfield. It may simply show pricing information, but should also show critical details about special scoring techniques. This information is vital to achieving higher scores; it typically describes a series of events that must take place (e.g., shoot right ramp and left drop targets to light 'extra ball' rollover). Learning these details makes the game more fun and challenging. With practice — and a machine in good operating condition — a player can often achieve specific targets and higher scores and trigger exciting events. Skillful players can influence the movement of the ball by moving or bumping the pinball machine, a technique known as \"nudging.\" There are tilt mechanisms which guard against excessive manipulation of this sort. The mechanisms generally include: When any of these sensors is activated, the game registers a \"tilt\" and locks out, disabling solenoids for the flippers and other playfield systems so that the ball can do nothing other than roll down the playfield directly to the drain. A tilt will usually result in loss of bonus points earned by the player during that ball; the game ends if it's the last ball and the player has no extra ball. Older games would immediately end the ball in play on a tilt. Modern games give tilt warnings before sacrificing the ball in play. The number of tilt warnings can be adjusted by the operator of the machine. Until recently most games also had a \"slam tilt\" switch which guarded against kicking or slamming the coin mechanism, or for overly aggressive behavior with the machine, which could give a false indication that a coin had been inserted, thereby giving a free game or credit. This feature was recently taken out by default in new Stern S.A.M System games, but can be added as an option. A slam tilt will typically end the current game for all players. Skilled players can also hold a ball in place with the flipper, giving them more control over where they want to place the ball when they shoot it forward. This is known as \"trapping.\" This technique involves catching the ball in the corner between the base of the flipper and the wall to its side, just as the ball falls towards the flipper; the flipper is then released, which allows the ball to roll slowly downward against the flipper. The player then chooses the moment to hit the flipper again, timing the shot as the ball slides slowly against the flipper. Multi-ball games, in particular, reward trapping techniques. Usually this is done by trapping one or more balls out of",
"S.A.M System games, but can be added as an option. A slam tilt will typically end the current game for all players. Skilled players can also hold a ball in place with the flipper, giving them more control over where they want to place the ball when they shoot it forward. This is known as \"trapping.\" This technique involves catching the ball in the corner between the base of the flipper and the wall to its side, just as the ball falls towards the flipper; the flipper is then released, which allows the ball to roll slowly downward against the flipper. The player then chooses the moment to hit the flipper again, timing the shot as the ball slides slowly against the flipper. Multi-ball games, in particular, reward trapping techniques. Usually this is done by trapping one or more balls out of play with one flipper, then using the other flipper to score points with the remaining ball or balls. Once a player has successfully trapped a ball, they may then attempt to \"juggle\" the ball to the other flipper. This is done by tapping the flipper button quickly enough so that the trapped ball is knocked back at an angle of less than 90 degrees into the bottom of the nearest slingshot. The ball will then often bounce across the playfield to the other flipper, where the ball may then be hit (or trapped) by the opposite flipper. Occasionally a pinball machine will have a pin or post placed directly between the two bottom flippers. When this feature is present, the advanced player may then attempt to perform a \"chill maneuver\" when the ball is heading directly toward the pin by opting \"not\" to hit a flipper. If successful, this will cause the ball to bounce up and back into play. A related move, the \"dead flipper pass,\" is performed by \"not\" flipping when a ball is heading toward a flipper. If done properly, the ball will bounce off the \"dead\" flipper, across to the other flipper, where it may be trapped and controlled. Two Pinball World Championships were held in the Washington, DC area in 1972 and 1973 under the auspices of the World Pinball Association which also published a newsletter carrying results of regional tournaments. In 1974, students at Jersey City State College wanted to make pinball playing a varsity school sport, like football was, so they started a Pinball Club Team to compete against clubs at other schools. They asked two other schools to participate. St. Peter's College took up the challenge, while the other school did not. Many pinball leagues have formed, with varying levels of competitiveness, formality and structure. These leagues exist everywhere from the Free State Pinball Association (FSPA) in the Washington, DC area to the Tokyo Pinball Organization (TPO)] in Japan. In the late 1990s, game manufacturers added messages to some games encouraging players to join a local league, providing website addresses for prospective league players to investigate. Competitive pinball has become increasingly popular in recent years, with the relaunch of both the Professional and Amateur Pinball Association (PAPA) and the International Flipper Pinball Association (IFPA). Two different systems for ranking pinball players exist. The World Pinball Player Rankings (WPPR) was created by the IFPA. The WPPR formula takes into account the quantity and quality of the players in the field, and awards points based on that calculation for the nearly 200 IFPA endorsed events worldwide. PAPA manages a ranking system known as the PAPA Advanced Rating System (PARS), which uses the Glicko Rating System to mathematically analyze the results of more than 100,000 competitive matches. Since 2008 the IFPA has held a World Championship tournament, inviting the top-ranked WPPR players to compete; the current title holder is Daniele Celestino Acciari of Italy. PAPA also designates the winner of the A Division in the annual PAPA World Pinball Championships as the World Pinball Champion; the current holder of this title is Keith Elwin from the USA. Current Junior (16 and under) and Senior (50 and over) World Champions are Joshua Henderson and Paul McGlone, respectively. Samuel Ogden has become one of the most memorable champions in the PAPA tournaments, winning four straight competitions from 2004-2008 in the 50 and over category. The first part of a pinball machine's construction involves the wiring for the game's electronic system. A color-coded wiring arrangement is wrapped around pins and connectors on a circuit board. Technicians then follow through using a meticulous set of instructions to ensure that the almost-half mile of wire is engineered properly. During this time the playing field is set onto foam strips and a bed of nails. The nails are then pressed in the playing board as the bed raises and compresses them against the header. Afterward anchors come and are hammered into place. The anchors help secure a metal railing that keeps the balls from exiting the playing field. After the main construction is processed, it then comes down to fitting a few lampposts, some plastic bumpers, and flashing lights. All of the wiring is permanently fastened and speakers are bolted into the cabinet. Along with this comes the most crucial tool, the spring power plunger, which is set into place. Finally, a few other toys and gimmicks are added, such as toy villains and other small themed characters. Once everything is tested and seems to be running alright, the playfield is set on top of the lower box. The lower box on computerized games is essentially empty. On older electromechanical games, the entire floor of the lower box was used to mount custom relays and special scoring switches, making older games much heavier. To protect the top of the playfield, a tempered glass window is installed, secured by a metal bar that is locked into place. The expensive, unique, painted vertical backglass is fragile. The backglass covers the custom microprocessor boards on newer games, or electromechanical scoring wheels on older games. On older games, a broken backglass might be impossible to replace, ruining the game's appeal. Flipper solenoids contain two coil windings in one package; a short, heavy gage 'power' winding to give the flipper its initial thrust up, and a long, light gage 'hold' winding that uses lower power (and creates far less heat) and essentially just holds the flipper up allowing the player to capture the ball in the inlane for more precise aiming. As the flipper nears the end of its upward travel, a switch under the flipper disconnects the power-winding and leaves only the second sustain winding to hold the flipper up in place. If this switch fails 'open' the flipper will be too weak to be usable, since only the weak winding is available. If it fails 'closed' the coil will overheat and destroy itself, since both windings will hold the flipper at the top of its stroke. Solenoids also control pop-bumpers, kickbacks, drop target resets, and many other features on the machine. These solenoid coils contain a single coil winding. The plunger size and wire gage & length are matched to the strength required for each coil to do its work, so some types are repeated throughout the game, some are not. All solenoids and coils used on microprocessor games include a special reverse-biased diode to eliminate a high-voltage pulse of reverse EMF (electromotive force). Without this diode, when the solenoid is de-energized, the magnetic field that was built up in the coil collapses and generates a brief, high-voltage pulse backward into the wiring, capable of destroying the solid-state components used to control the solenoid. Proper wiring polarity must be retained during coil replacement or this diode will act as a dead short, immediately destroying electronic switches. Older electromechanical AC game solenoids do not require this diode, since they were controlled with mechanical switches. However, electromechanical games running on DC do require diodes to protect the rectifier. All but very old",
"solenoids and coils used on microprocessor games include a special reverse-biased diode to eliminate a high-voltage pulse of reverse EMF (electromotive force). Without this diode, when the solenoid is de-energized, the magnetic field that was built up in the coil collapses and generates a brief, high-voltage pulse backward into the wiring, capable of destroying the solid-state components used to control the solenoid. Proper wiring polarity must be retained during coil replacement or this diode will act as a dead short, immediately destroying electronic switches. Older electromechanical AC game solenoids do not require this diode, since they were controlled with mechanical switches. However, electromechanical games running on DC do require diodes to protect the rectifier. All but very old games use low DC voltages to power the solenoids and electronics (or relays). Some microprocessor games use high voltages (potentially hazardous) for the score displays. Very early games used low-voltage AC power for solenoids, requiring fewer components, but AC is less efficient for powering solenoids, causing heavier wiring and slower performance. For locations that suffer from low AC wall outlet voltage, additional taps may be provided on the AC transformer in electromechanical games to permit raising the game's DC voltage levels, thus strengthening the solenoids. Microprocessor games have electronic power supplies that automatically compensate for inaccurate AC supply voltages. Historically, pinball machines have employed a central fixed I/O board connected to the primary CPU controlled by a custom microcontroller platform running an in-house operating system. For a variety of reasons that include thermal flow, reliability, vibration reduction and serviceability, I/O electronics have been located in the upper backbox of the game, requiring significant custom wiring harnesses to connect the central I/O board to the playfield devices. A typical pinball machine I/O mix includes 16 to 24 outputs for driving solenoids, motors, electromagnets and other mechanical devices in the game. These devices can draw up to 500 W momentarily and operate at voltages up to 50 Vdc. There is also individually controlled lighting that consists of 64 to 96 individually addressable lights. Recently developed games have switched from incandescent bulbs to LEDs. And there is general illumination lighting that comprises two or more higher-power light strings connected and controlled in parallel for providing broad illumination to the playfield and backbox artwork. Additionally, 12 to 24 high-impulse lighting outputs, traditionally incandescent but now LED, provide flash effects within the game. Traditionally, these were often controlled by solenoid-level drivers. A game typically includes 64 to 96 TTL-level inputs from a variety of sensors such as mechanical leaf switches, optical sensors and electromagnetic sensors. Occasionally extra signal conditioning is necessary to adapt custom sensors, such as eddy sensors, to the system TTL inputs. Recently, some pinball manufacturers have replaced some of the discrete control wiring with standard communication buses. In one case, the pinball control system might include a custom embedded network node bus, a custom embedded Linux-based software stack, and a 48-V embedded power distribution system. Simulating a pinball machine has also been a popular theme of video games. Early pinball video games include Toru Iwatani's Namco arcade games \"Gee Bee\" (1978), \"Bomb Bee\" (1979), and \"Cutie Q\" (1979), the Atari 2600 game \"Video Pinball\" (1980), and \"David's Midnight Magic\" (1982). Most famous on home computers was Bill Budge's \"Pinball Construction Set\", released for the Apple II in 1983. \"Pinball Construction Set\" was the first program that allowed the user to create their own simulated pinball machine and then play it. Most early simulations were top-down 2D. As processor and graphics capabilities have improved, more accurate ball physics and 3D pinball simulations have become possible. Tilting has also been simulated, which can be activated using one or more keys (sometimes the space bar) for \"moving\" the machine. Flipper button computer peripherals were also released, allowing pinball fans to add an accurate feel to their game play instead of using the keyboard or mouse. Modern pinball video games are often based around established franchises such as \"Metroid Prime Pinball\", \"Super Mario Ball\", \"Pokémon Pinball\", \"Kirby's Pinball Land\", and \"Sonic Spinball\". Popular pinball games of the 1990s include \"Pinball Dreams\", \"Pro Pinball\" and \"3D Pinball: Space Cadet\" that was included in Windows Me and Windows XP. More recent examples include \"Pinball FX\", \"Pinball FX 2\", and \"Pinball FX 3\". There have been released for all major home video game and computer systems, tablet computers and smart phones. Pinball video game engines and editors for creation and recreation of pinball machines include for instance \"Visual Pinball\", \"Future Pinball\" and \"Unit3D Pinball\". A BBC News article described virtual pinball games e.g. \"Zen Pinball\" and \"The Pinball Arcade\" as a way to preserve pinball culture and bring it to new audiences. Another example of preserving historic pinball machines is \"Zaccaria Pinball\" that consists of digital recreations of classic Zaccaria pinball machines. Some hobbyists and small companies modify existing pinball machines or create their own custom pinball machines. Some want, for example, a game with a specific subject or theme that cannot be bought in this form or was never built at all. Some custom games are built by using the programmable P-ROC controller board. Modifications include the use of ColorDMD that is used to replace the standard mono color dot-matrix displays or the addition of features, e.g. figures or other toys. A few notable examples of custom pinball machines include a \"Ghostbusters\" theme machine, a \"Matrix\" style game, Bill Paxton Pinball, \"Sonic\", \"Star Fox\", and \"Predator\" machines. Data East was one of few regular pinball company that manufactured custom pinball games (e.g. for Aaron Spelling, Michael Jordan and the movie \"Richie Rich\"), though these were basically mods of existing or soon to be released pinball machines (e.g. \"Lethal Weapon 3\" or \"The Who's Tommy Pinball Wizard\"). Pinball games have frequently been featured in popular culture, often as a symbol of rebellion or toughness. Perhaps the most famous instance is the rock opera album \"Tommy\" (1969) by The Who, which centers on the title character, a \"deaf, dumb, and blind kid\", who becomes a \"Pinball Wizard\" and who later uses pinball as a symbol and tool for his messianic mission. (The album was subsequently made into a movie and stage musical.) \"Wizard\" has since moved into popular usage as a term for an expert pinball player. Things came full circle in 1975 when Bally created the \"Wizard!\" pinball game featuring Ann-Margret and The Who's Roger Daltrey on the backglass. In the movie version, Tommy plays a Gottlieb \"Kings and Queens\" machine, while The Champ plays a Gottlieb \"Buckaroo\" machine. In 1976, Bally released \"Capt.Fantastic\", which had an image of Elton John on the backglass, playing pinball in a similar costume as used in the movie \"Tommy\". Data East produced \"The Who's Tommy Pinball Wizard\" in 1994, based on the rock musical \"The Who's Tommy\". This game is notable in its use of The Who's iconic songs, including \"Pinball Wizard\", sung by original Broadway cast members. In the late 1970s the children's television series \"Sesame Street\" began airing a series of short animated segments, called the \"Pinball Number Count\". Each segment was different, and involved the ball rolling in different themed areas of a pinball machine depending on which number (from 1-12) was being featured. The animations were directed by Jeff Hale and featured music by Walt Kraemer and vocal work by the Pointer Sisters. In \"Pinball, 1973\", a novel by Haruki Murakami,",
"on the backglass, playing pinball in a similar costume as used in the movie \"Tommy\". Data East produced \"The Who's Tommy Pinball Wizard\" in 1994, based on the rock musical \"The Who's Tommy\". This game is notable in its use of The Who's iconic songs, including \"Pinball Wizard\", sung by original Broadway cast members. In the late 1970s the children's television series \"Sesame Street\" began airing a series of short animated segments, called the \"Pinball Number Count\". Each segment was different, and involved the ball rolling in different themed areas of a pinball machine depending on which number (from 1-12) was being featured. The animations were directed by Jeff Hale and featured music by Walt Kraemer and vocal work by the Pointer Sisters. In \"Pinball, 1973\", a novel by Haruki Murakami, the protagonist is obsessed with pinball. One of the plot lines follows his attempts to find a pinball machine he used to play. In 1975–76 there was a brief TV game show based on pinball called \"The Magnificent Marble Machine\". \"Tilt\" is a 1979 drama film starring Brooke Shields as the protagonist, Tilt, a young pinball wizard. \"Nickelodeon\" used the pinball as their logo in the early 1980s. The words \"Nickelodeon\" were in rainbow colors against a huge pinball. This logo was used until 1984, when the orange splat logo took its place. Pinball Pinball is a type of arcade game, in which points are scored by a player manipulating one or more steel balls on a play field inside a glass-covered cabinet called a"
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"Michael Laurence Michael Laurence (24 November 1935 – 23 March 2015) was an Australian actor, producer and scriptwriter best known for creating \"Return to Eden\". He began his career as a child actor on Sydney radio, before winning a scholarship at 18 to the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, before appearing in theatre productions, including everything from Shakespearean roles to musicals. He created, directed and starred in the Nine Network production \"The Godfathers\", which won the Logie Award for Best Comedy in 1971. He worked on the popular serial \"Number 96\", and other successful miniseries including the children's series The Lost Islands, a 22-part story on Network Ten, \"Which Way Home\", \"The Last Frontier\" and \"Shadow of the Cobra\". His work, including more than 200-hour of commercial television, was sold to numerous countries. Michael Laurence Michael Laurence (24 November 1935 – 23 March 2015) was an Australian actor, producer and scriptwriter best known for creating \"Return to Eden\". He began his career as a child actor on Sydney radio, before winning a scholarship at 18 to the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, before appearing in theatre productions, including everything from Shakespearean roles to musicals. He created,"
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"National Constitution Party The National Constitution Party (), or simply Constitution Party, was a political party in Hungary from 1905 to 1910 and from 1913 to 1918. The National Constitution Party was established on 18 November 1905 by the so-called group of \"Dissidents\", who formerly left the governing Liberal Party after the scandalous \"handkerchief vote\". The group was led by Gyula Andrássy the Younger. The Dissidents immediately joined the electoral alliance of opposition parties, the Coalition, which won a surprise victory in the 1905 parliamentary election. When the political crisis was over after the 1906 parliamentary election, the Constitution Party strengthened its position within the Coalition, as Party of Independence and '48 vainly obtained the highest number of votes, Emperor-King Francis Joseph I did not accept the election results, because the Independence Party did not support the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, thus questioned the very foundation of the system. As a result, the monarch instructed the Constitution Party, which had '67 ideology, to form and dominate a government over the other allied parties. The designate Prime Minister Sándor Wekerle joined Constitution Party before the appointment, while Gyula Andrássy, Jr., Ignác Darányi and Lajos Jekelfalussy became ministers in the Wekerle II Cabinet. Shortly before the 1910 parliamentary election, Andrássy and his party joined the newly formed conservative-liberal National Party of Work. Due to internal tensions, Andrássy and his supporters left the governing party and re-established the National Constitution Party in September 1913. Count János Hadik was elected its leader. On 25 January 1918, some of the party members under the leadership of Prime Minister Wekerle, left the party to form the Constitution Party of '48, which would have been a strong governing party for the proposed 1918 parliamentary election. Hadik and his supporters remained in the National Constitution Party. Hadik was appointed Prime Minister on 30 October 1918 by Charles IV, however the Aster Revolution swept away the dual monarchy. The party was banned, among others, in November 1918. National Constitution Party The National Constitution Party (), or simply Constitution Party, was a political party in Hungary from 1905 to 1910 and from 1913 to 1918. The National Constitution Party was established on 18 November 1905 by the so-called group of \"Dissidents\", who formerly left the governing Liberal Party after the scandalous \"handkerchief vote\". The group was led by Gyula Andrássy the Younger. The Dissidents immediately joined the electoral alliance of"
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"King Hu Hu Jinquan (29 April 1932 – 14 January 1997), better known as King Hu, was a Chinese film director based in Hong Kong and Taiwan. He is best known for directing various \"wuxia\" films in the 1960s and 1970s, which brought Chinese cinema (including Hong Kong and Taiwan) to new technical and artistic heights. His films \"Come Drink with Me\" (1966), \"Dragon Inn\" (1967), and \"A Touch of Zen\" (1969–1971) inaugurated a new generation of \"wuxia\" films in the late 1960s. Apart from being a film director, Hu was also a screenwriter and set designer. Hu was born in Beijing to a well-established family originating from Handan, Hebei. His grandfather was the governor of Henan in the late Qing Dynasty. He emigrated to Hong Kong in 1949. After moving to Hong Kong, Hu worked in a variety of occupations, such as advertising consultant, artistic designer and producer for a number of media companies, as well as a part-time English tutor. In 1958, he joined the Shaw Brothers Studio as a set decorator, actor, scriptwriter and assistant director. Under the influence of Taiwanese director Li Han-Hsiang, Hu embarked on a directorial career, helping him on the phenomenally successful \"The Love Eterne\" (1963). Hu's first film as a full-fledged director was \"Sons of the Good Earth\" (1965), a film set in the Second Sino-Japanese War, but he is better remembered for his next film, \"Come Drink with Me\" (1966). \"Come Drink with Me\" was his first success and remains a classic of the \"wuxia\" genre, catapulting the then 20-year-old starlet Cheng Pei-pei to fame. Blending Japanese samurai film traditions with Western editing techniques and Chinese aesthetic philosophy borrowed from Chinese music and operatics, Hu began the trend of a new school of \"wuxia\" films and his perpetual use of a heroine as the central protagonist. Leaving the Shaw Brothers Studio in 1966, Hu travelled to Taiwan, where he made another \"wuxia\" movie, \"Dragon Inn\". \"Dragon Inn\" broke box office records and became a phenomenal hit and cult classic, especially in Southeast Asia. This tense tale of highly skilled martial artists hidden in an inn was said to be the inspiration for Ang Lee's \"Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon\" (2000) and Zhang Yimou's \"House of Flying Daggers\" (2004). In 2003, the award-winning Malaysian-born Taiwanese auteur Tsai Ming-liang made \"Goodbye, Dragon Inn\", a tribute to Hu, in which all the action takes place during a closing cinema's last show of \"Dragon Inn\". Chief among the films which exemplify Hu's blend of Chan (Zen) Buddhism and unique Chinese aesthetics is \"A Touch of Zen\", which won the Grand Prix de la Commission Superieur Technique in 1975 Cannes Film Festival, and which many regard as his masterpiece. Other films include \"Raining in the Mountain\" and \"Legend of the Mountain\" (both dating from 1979, and shot in Korea), which were loosely based on stories from Pu Songling's \"Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio\". After releasing \"A Touch of Zen\", Hu started his own production company and shot \"The Fate of Lee Khan\" (1973) and \"The Valiant Ones\" (1975) back to back on tight finances. The action choreography in both these films was the work of Sammo Hung. Though critically hailed, Hu's later films were less commercially successful than his first two films. Late in his life, he made a brief return from semi-retirement in \"The Swordsman\" (1990) and \"Painted Skin\" (1993), but neither achieved the renown of those two, financially successful \"wuxia\" films. Hu spent the last decade of his life in Los Angeles. He died in Taipei of complications from angioplasty. King Hu Hu Jinquan"
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"Bush hid the facts Bush hid the facts is a common name for a bug present in some versions of Microsoft Windows, which causes text encoded in ASCII to be interpreted as if it were UTF-16LE, resulting in mojibake. When the string \"Bush hid the facts\", without newline or quotes, was put in a new Notepad document and saved, closed, and reopened, the nonsensical Chinese characters \"\" would appear instead. While \"Bush hid the facts\" is the sentence most commonly presented on the Internet to induce the error, the bug can be triggered by many strings with letters and spaces in the same positions, for example . Other sequences trigger the bug as well, including even the text . The bug occurs when the string is passed to the Win32 charset detection function IsTextUnicode. IsTextUnicode sees that the bytes match the UTF-16LE encoding of valid (if nonsensical) Chinese Unicode characters, concludes that the text is valid UTF-16LE Chinese and returns true, and the application then incorrectly interprets the text as UTF-16LE. The bug had existed since IsTextUnicode was introduced with in 1994, but was not discovered until early 2004. Many text editors and tools exhibit this behavior on Windows because they use IsTextUnicode to determine the encoding of text files. As of Windows Vista, Notepad has been modified to use a different detection algorithm that does not exhibit the bug, but IsTextUnicode remains unchanged in the operating system, so any other tools that use the function are still affected. Several workarounds exist for this bug: Bush hid the facts Bush hid the facts is a common name for a bug present in some versions of Microsoft Windows, which causes text encoded in ASCII to be interpreted as if it were UTF-16LE, resulting in mojibake. When the string \"Bush hid the"
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"Panoramic view of the Amstel looking toward Amsterdam Panoramic view of the Amstel looking toward Amsterdam is a 17th-century oil on canvas painting by the Dutch Golden Age painter Jacob van Ruisdael. It is in the collection of the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge. The painting is catalogue number 10 in the 1911 catalogue raisonné by art historian Hofstede de Groot. He wrote \"The river fills much of the right-hand side of the picture. In the centre is a road with several figures; on the river are a raft of timber and a small vessel, from which a gun is being fired. On the left are three windmills, houses, and a bleaching-ground. The town, with its many churches and public buildings, extends in the background. One may distinguish the Westerkerk, the town-hall, the Zuiderkerk, and Oude Kerk, as well as the great synagogue. The blockhouses are not shown.\" The painting is catalogue number 3 in Seymour Slive's 2001 catalogue raisonné of Ruisdael. It is object number 74 in the collection of the Fitzwilliam Museum. Its dimensions are 52.1 cm x 66.1 cm. It is signed in the lower left. Based on the presence of certain buildings Slive estimated that the undated painting was made between 1671 and 1681. Ruisdael lived in Amsterdam at that time. The drawing that served as a preliminary study for this painting, and a similar one that is in the Philips-de Jongh Collection, is at Leipzig. Panoramic view of the Amstel looking toward Amsterdam Panoramic view of the Amstel looking toward Amsterdam is a 17th-century oil on canvas painting by the Dutch Golden Age painter Jacob van Ruisdael. It is in the collection of the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge. The painting is catalogue number 10 in the 1911 catalogue raisonné by art historian Hofstede de Groot. He"
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"Yasmine Mustafa Yasmine Mustafa is an American CEO, entrepreneur, and activist. She is originally from Kuwait. Mustafa was born in Kuwait, located in the northwestern corner of the Persian Gulf, and lived there until she was eight years old. She was eight years old when the Gulf War began and was forced to evacuate with her family to move to America. Her little brother was born in America, and when the war began the American Embassy came looking for and rescued Mustafa and her family. After coming to America, she grew up in Philadelphia and learned English in an English-as-a-second-language class. Her first job was working in a 7-Eleven store owned by her father. The store was located outside of Philadelphia and across the street from her middle and high school. She began her entrepreneurship ventures by taking candy from the 7-eleven store and selling it for twice the price at school, which earned her the name “7-Eleven girl.” She later worked as a hostess at a dinner when she was fifteen or sixteen. She got into tech when she was 24 and interned at a tech consultancy firm while in the entrepreneurship program at Temple University in Philadelphia. She worked her way up at the firm and was offered a job by the company owner, Skip Shuda, after she graduated college. While working at this tech company, she got the idea for her first company—123LinkIt. Mustafa attended Temple University part-time, financing her own education and graduating Summa Cum Laude in 2006. In 2009, she started 123LinkIt, a company created to help writers make money off of their blogs. She also founded the Philadelphia chapter of Girl Develop It, a nonprofit organization that teaches web and software development to women. In 2016, Mustafa was recognized in BBC's annual 100 Women series where the recognize significant achievements of women around the world. Mustafa founded 123LinkIt in 2008 and is currently the CEO of the company. 123LinkIt is a service bloggers can use to earn money from their posts through affiliate marketing. To use this service, bloggers do not have to have extensive affiliate marketing knowledge. All bloggers have to do is download the free software, write their content, and build their communities. Bloggers earn money when a visitor buys an item through a 123LinkIt affiliate link. Mustafa is the CEO and co-founder of ROAR for Good, which launched in 2015. Mustafa came up with the idea of ROAR for Good when she was 30 years old and traveling in Spanish countries for six months. While traveling, she was told horror stories about women who had been sexually assaulted or harassed, and when she returned from her trip, she found out her neighbor had been severely beaten and raped. These stories made her realize the prevalence of violence against women, and she wanted to do something about it. After doing research and surveys, she and her team realized something needed to be made that could help someone getting attacked, but not be used against them. They came up with the idea for “Athena,” which looks nice enough for women to wear, deters attackers with an audible alert message, and notifies pre-selected contacts of the wearer's location when pressed. Girl Develop It The Philadelphia chapter of Girl Develop It (GDI) was also founded by Mustafa. She learned about GDI from Twitter and signed up and completed one of their courses. After finishing her course, she approached her course instructor (GDI’s founder) and talked to her about expanding. GDI was then brought to Philadelphia six months later thanks to Mustafa. Yasmine Mustafa Yasmine Mustafa"
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"Thomas Kain Thomas G. \"Shaky\" Kain (July 7, 1907 – June 24, 1971) was a minor league baseball pitcher for 14 seasons, a three-time championship winning manager at that level for six seasons, a scout for Major League Baseball teams and a college football referee. Kain was born in Nashville, Tennessee and attended Hume-Fogg High School. He then attended University of Georgia where he played football, as a fullback and halfback, and baseball. Kain pitched in 1927, from 1929 to 1937, 1939 and from 1941 to 1943, spending most of his career in the New York Yankees farm system. He went 103-79 in 252 games, winning as many as 16 games in a season four times. He then managed in the minor leagues from 1939 to 1943 and again in 1946 for the Butler Yankees (1939-1941), Amsterdam Rugmakers (1942) and Norfolk Tars (1943, 1946). He led his teams to the playoffs each year he managed. Kain scouted for the Yankees from 1947 to 1948, the Pittsburgh Pirates from 1949 to 1951, the Philadelphia Phillies from 1956 to 1959 and the Chicago Cubs from 1960 to 1968. During the offseason, Kain referred college football in the Southeastern Conference, a job he held for 28 years. He was considered the top referee at the time, being selected to 14 straight Senior Bowls. He was elected to the Tennessee Sports Hall of Fame in 1986. He died in Nashville. Thomas Kain Thomas G. \"Shaky\" Kain (July 7, 1907 – June 24, 1971) was a minor league baseball pitcher for 14 seasons, a three-time championship winning manager at that level for six seasons, a scout for Major League Baseball teams and a college football referee. Kain was born in Nashville, Tennessee and attended Hume-Fogg High School. He then attended University of Georgia where he"
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"Sling-jaw wrasse The slingjaw wrasse, \"Epibulus insidiator\", is a species of wrasse native to the tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific from the Red Sea and the African coast to the Tuamotus and Hawaii, and from the southern waters of Japan to New Caledonia. This species can be found on coral reefs at depths from . It can reach a standard length of . This species is of minor importance to local commercial fisheries and can be found in the aquarium trade. The sling-jaw wrasse possesses the most extreme jaw protrusion found among fishes. The species can extend its jaws up to 65% the length of its head. The speed and length to which the jaw protrudes allows it to capture small fish and crustaceans. The genus this species belongs to possess one unique ligament (vomero-interopercular) and two enlarged ligaments (interoperculo-mandibular and premaxilla-maxilla), which along with a few changes to the form of cranial bones, allow it to achieve extreme jaw protrusion. Sling-jaw wrasse The slingjaw wrasse, \"Epibulus insidiator\", is a species of wrasse native to the tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific from the Red Sea and the African coast to the Tuamotus and Hawaii, and from the southern waters of"
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"Philip Testa Philip Charles Testa (April 21, 1924 – March 15, 1981), also known as \"The Chicken Man\" or \"The Julius Caesar of the Philadelphia Mob\" or \"Philly\", was a Sicilian-American Mafia figure known for his brief leadership of the Scarfo crime family. Testa became boss after popular former boss Angelo Bruno was murdered by his own consiglieri, Antonio Caponigro, who, in turn, was ordered killed by The Commission for acting without permission. About a year after Bruno's death, Testa was killed by the blast of a nail bomb allegedly ordered by his underboss, Pete Casella. According to the Philadelphia press, that event marked the beginning of the four-year Philadelphia Mafia War that led to 30 mobsters being killed. Testa's nickname came from his involvement in a poultry business. Testa was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and lived in South Philadelphia with his family in his teenage years. In South Philadelphia he met and befriended future mob boss Angelo Bruno. He later married an attractive woman named Alfia Arcidiacono (records show her family owned a farm in Salem County, New Jersey). In early police dossiers on Testa, he was identified by law enforcement as not having a legitimate source of income and was solely dependent from winnings as a \"common gambler\". He saw himself as a Roman general and statesman like Julius Caesar in the world of organized crime. He occasionally worked in the construction business in arranging contractors for repairs and renovations in South Philadelphia. He was a dour-looking man with a pockmarked face who stood at 5 foot 8 inches, weighed 183 pounds, had brown hair and brown eyes, and was well built. He reportedly had dark emotionless eyes, a bulbous nose and scowl that made press photographers back away from him. His pockmarked face is thought to be one of the reasons behind his nickname, as the pockmarks are believed to have been caused by a horrible case of chicken pox with the scars never fully healing. Testa sported a thick mustache despite Mafia code stating that members could not sport mustaches. He wore blue-collar clothing, giving off the appearance of a \"badly dressed plumber than an old world don\", as one associate described him. He fathered a daughter, Maria. At the age of 32, Testa became a father to his only son, Salvatore Testa, born in 1956 in Bella Vista. He was a staunch Roman Catholic and raised his son in the same fashion. He remained loyal to his wife and did not have a mistress, unlike many other mobsters and did not drink heavily. His son, Salvatore, was described by associates and the press as better looking than his father. Crime reporter George Anastasia describes his son Salvatore as, \"a ruggedly handsome 210-pound man who stood 6 feet tall with hazel eyes and real long lashes and dimpled cheeks. He wore his wavy hair out over his ears in typical 1970s fashion and was known to wear track suits and double breasted suits.\" On June 8, 1980, Phil Testa held a La Cosa Nostra initiation ceremony at the South Philadelphia home of mob captain John Cappello. At the ceremony, Testa inducted Scarfo's nephew Philip (Crazy Phil) Leonetti, Lawrence (Yogi) Merlino, Salvatore (Chuckie) Merlino, Robert (Bobby) Lumio, Anthony (Blonde Babe) Pungitore Sr., Salvatore (Wayne) Grande, Anthony (Tony) Testa,Jr., Frank (Little Frankie) Narducci Jr.,and his son, Salvatore. Testa had an office in the back of what was the Bank Street Restaurant until he changed the name in 1979 or 1980 to 'Virgilio's' in Old City, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania managed by his daughter Maria of which Salvatore was a part owner of the lease. Virgil (The Blade) Mariutti, who was a close friend of Salvatore Testa’s, managed Philip Testa’s restaurant during part of the time that Testa owned it. Testa named the restaurant after Mariutti. Frank Monte, a fellow capo in the Scarfo family worked as a bartender at the restaurant. It was out of this restaurant that he operated his legitimate and illegitimate business enterprises. Testa chose to have Nicky Scarfo Sr. and his second wife Domencia as his son's godparents shortly after he was born at St. Paul's Catholic Church, the same church he would later have his funeral and later where Salvatore himself would be interred. He schooled his son in the 'old ways of the mob' with traditions of the Sicilian Mafia embraced in Sicily that he taught his son Salvatore to embrace. His son Salvatore had a close relationship with his father and became involved with him in the rackets of drug trafficking, loansharking and extortion. Salvie was all for 'this thing'. Knew it inside out. Knew it better than guys who were sixty years old and who'd been in it for forty years. Because of his father. He'd been a good teacher. Salvie had nerve and he didn't care who he killed. Sometimes we used to go [on a contract] and we'd come back and tell him, \"Well, the kids were in the car, the family's in the car.' \"I don't care who's in the car', he'd say. 'Everybody goes.' That's the kind of guy he was. One Thanksgiving Day he wanted us to go into Sonny [Mario] Riccobene's house where Robert Riccobene was havin' dinner with his family. 'Shoot everybody in the house'. But he and Charlie [Iannece] and Faffy [Francis Ianarella] made up some story that he didn't show up. Just to appease Salvie. 'Cause we didn't go for killing kids. It was something we drew a line with, but he (Testa) was just so full of venom that he didn't care. He was a guy made for 'this thing.' He loved it. He lived it. And he was very bitter about what happened to his father (Philip), about the way his father got killed, blown up with nails in him. After he (Salvie) murdered Frank (Chickie) Narducci Sr., the mobster that orchestrated his father's death and headed the coup of the Scarfo crime family, Nicholas Caramandi said, \"Salvie used to say to me, 'I wish that motherfucker was alive so I could kill him again.' This is how much he hated this man. He had no mercy on anybody. Business was business, and killing to him was business.\" \"Philadelphia Inquirer\" reporter George Anastasia wrote, \"Salvatore Testa loved it all, the stalkings, the murders, even the Enrico Riccobene suicide. He was the South Philadelphia equivalent of a Main Line blue blood. He was born to be a wiseguy.\" Mobster-turned-informant Nicholas Caramandi spoke about Salvatore's upbringing by his father and his son Salvatore's brief courtship of Maria Merlino, the daughter of Salvatore Merlino, Nicky Scarfo's underboss and Testa's godfather, He (Salvatore) gets into a beef with Maria. She's telling him, \"My father (Merlino) bought me all this jewelry\", stuff like that... While they were waiting to get married, Maria's having the fucking house redone with French toilets and Jacuzzis. And even though it was sort an old fashioned, that's the way Salvie wanted to live. He wanted to live in his father's footsteps. He didn't like all this fancy stuff. When Philip was murdered Salvatore was very angered, and personally hunted down to seek revenge on his father's murderers. Exactly one year after his father's bombing, Rocco Marinucci, the man who waited outside their household and detonated the bomb, was found in a parking lot in South Philadelphia, with cherry bombs from Salvatore stuffed down his throat and shot dead. He also wanted to personally shoot Frank Narducci Sr. for his involvement and waited so that he could see Narducci's expression on his face before pulling the trigger. Philip's wife of over twenty-five years Alfia died of natural causes in 1980. In March of the same year longtime family boss Angelo Bruno was murdered, and Testa's father became boss of the family. He was known to wear, on occasion, ten-gallon cowboy hats and cowboy boots, a style which his son Salvatore later adopted. His son and apparent successor to his criminal empire was Salvatore Testa was twenty-five years old when Philip was murdered in a bomb blast at his family's home located in South Philadelphia. When",
"in a parking lot in South Philadelphia, with cherry bombs from Salvatore stuffed down his throat and shot dead. He also wanted to personally shoot Frank Narducci Sr. for his involvement and waited so that he could see Narducci's expression on his face before pulling the trigger. Philip's wife of over twenty-five years Alfia died of natural causes in 1980. In March of the same year longtime family boss Angelo Bruno was murdered, and Testa's father became boss of the family. He was known to wear, on occasion, ten-gallon cowboy hats and cowboy boots, a style which his son Salvatore later adopted. His son and apparent successor to his criminal empire was Salvatore Testa was twenty-five years old when Philip was murdered in a bomb blast at his family's home located in South Philadelphia. When Philip died he left his son an estate worth $800,000 that included a run-down bar in Atlantic City on a site where Donald Trump decided to build the Trump Plaza. Trump paid Testa $1.1 million for the bar, and then demolished. One month before Testa was murdered, he, Frank Narducci Sr., Harold and Mario Riccobene, Pasquale Spirito, Joseph Ciancaglini, and several associates were indicted in a federal racketeering case that centered on gambling and loansharking operations run by the mob. The case was based on an investigation called Operation Gangplank and was one of the first built on the RICO Act by the U.S. Attorney's Office in Philadelphia. On March 15, 1981, Testa returned to his home in South Philadelphia that was across the street from the scenic Stephen Girard Park. As he was opening the door to his twin home at 2117 Porter Street, a nail bomb exploded under his front porch. The house was ravaged and witnesses claimed that pieces of Testa's body were scattered blocks away. He was rushed to St. Agnes Medical Centre in Point Breeze, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania but died of internal bleeding. Testa's violent death is referenced in the opening of musician Bruce Springsteen's song \"Atlantic City\" from his 1982 \"Nebraska\" album; \"Well they blew up the Chicken Man in Philly last night/And they blew up his house too.\" Philip Testa Philip Charles Testa (April 21, 1924 – March 15, 1981), also known as \"The Chicken Man\" or \"The Julius Caesar of"
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"Mafizuddin Ahmad Mafizuddin Ahmad was a Bengali politician and former government Minister of East Pakistan. Ahmad was on 1891 in Barashalghar village, Debidwar Upazila, Comilla District, Bengal Presidency, British Raj. In 1919, he graduated from University of Calcutta in English. He went to law school in Dhaka University. After graduation he started his law practice in Comilla bar. After meeting A. K. Fazlul Huq and Abdul kashem. Ahmad in 1933 joined the All India Muslim League. He was elected joint secretary of the Muslim league in Tripura District. He was elected to the Bengal Legislative assembly in 1938. He was made the parliamentary secretary for education. He was reelected to the Bengal legislative in 1946. He was awarded the tile Khan Bahadur. After the Partition of India and establishment of Pakistan, he became the minister of Relief, Rehabilitation, Registration and Prisons in East Pakistan. He was appointed to the Pakistan Planning Commission in 1954. He then served as the Minister for Education in East Pakistan from 1962 to 1965. He was awarded the Sitara-i-Quaid-e-Azam by the Pakistan Government. Ahmad died in 1979. Mafizuddin Ahmad Mafizuddin Ahmad was a Bengali politician and former government Minister of East Pakistan. Ahmad was on"
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"Tetrode (biology) A tetrode is a type of electrode used in neuroscience for electrophysiological recordings. They are generally used to record the extracellular field potentials from nervous tissue, e.g. the brain. Tetrodes are constructed by bundling together four very small electrodes; each wire is generally less than 30 μm in diameter. Tetrodes are used to classify extra-cellular action potentials into sets generated by the individual neurons, as each channel of the tetrode is usually close enough to a cell such that action potentials emitted by that cell are detected on each of the four channels, but because of the spatial distribution of the individual channels, the amplitude of the signal varies across the four channels. Clustering techniques involve both examining the waveform of individual spikes, and examining the spike height across all four channels. This technique involves examining the spikes at reduced dimensionality to find its similarity with other spikes. Tetrode (biology) A tetrode is a type of electrode used in neuroscience for electrophysiological recordings. They are generally used to record the extracellular field potentials from nervous tissue, e.g. the brain. Tetrodes are constructed by bundling together four very small electrodes; each wire is generally less than 30 μm in"
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"Landmarks of Montreal Montreal's Underground City (French: La ville souterraine) is the set of underground city complexes in and around downtown. It is also known as the indoor city (ville intérieure), as not all of it is underground. With over of tunnels spread over an area of , the 60 residential and commercial complexes comprise of floor space, including 80% of all office space and 35% of all commercial space in downtown Montreal. Services include shopping malls, hotels, banks, offices, museums, universities, seven metro stations, two commuter train stations, a bus terminal and the Bell Centre hockey arena. There are more than 120 exterior access points to the underground city. Some 500,000 people use the underground city every day, especially to escape the traffic and/or Montreal's harsh winter. The Olympic installations site is next to Metro Pie-IX and Metro Viau, from downtown in the Hochelaga-Maisonneuve district, and consists of several buildings designed by French architect Roger Taillibert. The Olympic Stadium is ovoid shaped with a distinctive 'ribbed' look, and has the world's tallest inclined tower at high; it leans at 45 degrees. The complex includes the Montreal Biodome (originally a fully functional Velodrome), the Montreal Insectarium, municipal golf course Le Village, and the Montreal Botanical Garden, one of the largest botanical gardens in the world, second only to Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in England. Two pyramidal towers, known as the Olympic Village, were built to house athletes but now serve as apartments and offices. The Montreal 1976 Summer Olympics were successful, but construction problems and corruption created a massive financial burden for citizens. At the opening, the tower and the retractable roof were incomplete. The tower was completed years later but the retractable roof was never completed as originally planned by Taillibert. Anglo locals refer to the stadium as the \"Big O\" due to its shape, but also as the \"Big Owe\" — a reference to the Olympic Park's exorbitant total cost, which was only paid off thirty years later with the help of a special tobacco tax. The stadium was also home to the Expos from 1977 until the team moved to Washington, D.C. after the 2004 season, and has sometimes been home for the Montreal Alouettes. Today, Montreal's Olympic Park hosts limited professional sports events and is mainly a tourist and cultural attraction. Montreal hosted the 2006 1st World Outgames holding the opening/closing ceremonies and many of the events at the Olympic Stadium. The event drew over 10,000 participants. Most were Gay athletes, but many participated in other cultural events such as ballroom dancing. Opening ceremonies brought international athletes, local politicians, and entertainers. Montreal is the centre of Quebec culture and a major centre of Canadian culture in general. It has many specialized museums such as the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts (MMFA), the Musée d'art contemporain (MAC), the Redpath Museum, the Stewart Museum, the McCord Museum of Canadian History, and the Canadian Centre for Architecture. The Place des Arts cultural complex houses the MAC and several theatres, and is the seat of the Montreal Opera and the Montreal Symphony Orchestra, although the latter is slated to receive a new concert hall adjacent to Place des Arts. The Museum Quarter’s historical and architectural richness, spilling over into surrounding streets, creates a special ambiance that leaves a lasting impression on visitors. Crescent, de la Montagne and Sherbrooke Streets are the hub of the district’s vibrant business life. High-end, designer fashion and décor boutiques, international shops, art galleries, jewellers and exquisite fine dining never fail to win visitors over. Nicknamed \"la ville aux cent clochers\" (\"the city of a hundred belltowers\"), Montreal is renowned for its churches. As described by Mark Twain, \"This is the first time I was ever in a city where you couldn't throw a brick without breaking a church window.\" The city has four Roman Catholic basilicas: Mary, Queen of the World Cathedral, the aforementioned Notre-Dame Basilica, St. Patrick's Basilica, and Saint Joseph's Oratory. The Oratory is the largest church in Canada, with the largest dome of its kind in the world after that of Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome. Other well-known churches include the pilgrimage church of Notre-Dame-du-Bon-Secours, which is sometimes called the Sailors' Church, the Church of St. Michael and St. Anthony, known for its Byzantine architecture, and the Anglican Christ Church Cathedral, which was completely excavated and suspended in mid-air during the construction of part of the Underground City. All of the above are major tourist destinations, particularly Notre-Dame and the Oratory. An impressive number of other churches, synagogues and mosques can be found, and church steeples are a familiar view all over the city and island. Mount Royal is Montreal's outstanding urban park, designed in 1876 by Frederick Law Olmsted, best known as the designer of New York's Central Park. Mount Royal's features include the Chalet and the Kondiaronk Belvedere overlooking downtown Montreal (the most famous view of the city), and man-made Beaver Lake (Lac aux Castors) with its recently renovated pavilion. Mount Royal is topped by an illuminated cross that has become a Montreal landmark. Observant hikers on the park's many trails will find an abundance of small wildlife. In the winter, the park is the site of numerous cross-country ski trails and a new, refrigerated skating rink near Beaver Lake. Once, a funicular railroad brought sightseers to its peak, but has long since disappeared. A tramway also went up the mountain on the north side, replaced in the late 1950s by the Camillien Houde Parkway, which now bisects the mountain (the parkway is named for long-time but controversial former mayor, jailed during World War II for his opposition to conscription in Canada). The \"11-Montagne\" bus line perpetuates the route of the tram. Every Sunday in the summer, hundreds of people gather at the George-Étienne Cartier Monument, a statue of Confederation co-founder George-Étienne Cartier at the foot of Mount Royal, for several hours of drumming, dancing, and juggling (among many other activities) in an event known as the Tam-Tams. It is unclear how this event started; but, as it has no formal organization and has carried on both in a lively and peaceful way since at least the late 1980s. The intersection of Avenue du Parc and Avenue des Pins, just to the south, formerly a winding urban interchange (inspired by the New York parkways of Robert Moses), underwent a major transformation to become more pedestrian-friendly. Located in the middle of the St. Lawrence River, Parc Jean-Drapeau consists of the islands of Sainte-Hélène and the manmade Notre-Dame, which hosted Expo 67. A large green space with diverse attractions and events, Parc Jean-Drapeau is accessible by métro, car, bicycle or boat. The islands are a popular destination for Montrealers due to their green spaces and sports and cultural activities. The Floralies gardens are located at the centre of the island. Île Notre-Dame also has a network of canals, and, further west at the lake, offers a beach and other water sports. The Casino de Montréal and a youth hostel are also located here. The Montreal Grand Prix takes place here at the Circuit Gilles Villeneuve, which in winter is used as a skating rink. Dominated by the geodesic dome of the Biosphère and the rollercoasters of Six Flags La Ronde, the island is also home to the Hélène de Champlain restaurant and the De Lévis tower. Built in 1814, the Fort on Saint Helen's Island houses the Stewart Museum, dedicated to the history of New France. The island also contains several large public works of art, such as the imposing \"Man\", sculpted in steel by artist Alexander Calder. Buses run every 15 minutes from the Jean-Drapeau metro station to La Ronde.",
"Notre-Dame also has a network of canals, and, further west at the lake, offers a beach and other water sports. The Casino de Montréal and a youth hostel are also located here. The Montreal Grand Prix takes place here at the Circuit Gilles Villeneuve, which in winter is used as a skating rink. Dominated by the geodesic dome of the Biosphère and the rollercoasters of Six Flags La Ronde, the island is also home to the Hélène de Champlain restaurant and the De Lévis tower. Built in 1814, the Fort on Saint Helen's Island houses the Stewart Museum, dedicated to the history of New France. The island also contains several large public works of art, such as the imposing \"Man\", sculpted in steel by artist Alexander Calder. Buses run every 15 minutes from the Jean-Drapeau metro station to La Ronde. Landmarks of Montreal Montreal's Underground City (French: La ville souterraine) is the set of underground city complexes in and around downtown."
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"Aquabike World Championship (powerboating) The UIM-ABP Aquabike World Championship is a powerboating sports competition. The UIM-ABP Aquabike World Championship is the premier class of jetski racing, founded in 1992. Aquabike jetskis are personal watercraft vehicles purpose-built for racing and modified according to class. The UIM-ABP Aquabike World Championship is organized and promoted by H2O Racing Ltd on behalf of the Union Internationale Motonautique (UIM), the governing body of powerboating and the exclusive entity recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). ABP refers to Aquabike Promotion. Currently, there are two types of Aquabikes (jetskis); Ski and Runabout This term refers to an Aquabike designed to be stood upon and is powered by rear jet propulsion with a completely closed system. Skis, by definition, are the most demanding to ride as they require high fitness levels and great physical strength as well as agility in the legs and arms. According to the different degrees of modifications to the engine and bodywork, this type of Aquabike is used for 3 different categories: GP1, GP2 and Stock. Another category (GP3) also exists in which younger drivers, between the ages of 11-14, compete. Ski bikes are also used in the Freestyle category however this requires further structural changes to the size and motor, allowing the Ski to become considerably shorter in length, lighter in weight and able to perform better at low engine speeds. Ski bikes are currently used in 3 different disciplines of the UIM-ABP Aquabike World Championship: Closed Circuit, Parallel Slalom and Freestyle. Runabout refers to the largest and most powerful bikes in the Championship. Runabout bikes are designed for driving while seated and feature a saddle (located towards the front) and a rear jet or a completely closed propulsion system. Runabouts are the most common jetski in the world, as they can also be used for recreational purposes. As with Ski bikes, Runabout bikes are used for 3 different racing categories: GP1, GP2 and Stock, according to the different degrees of modifications to the engine and bodywork. Another category (GP3) also exists in which younger drivers, between the ages of 11-14, compete. Runabout bikes are used in 5 different disciplines of the UIM-ABP Aquabike World Championship: Closed Circuit, Offshore, Endurance, Jet Raid and Parallel Slalom. The UIM-ABP Aquabike World Championship is divided into 5 categories: These races are held near coastlines. Regulations require that the path does not exceed 1300m in length. The circuit is marked out by different coloured buoys: yellow (right turn) and red (left turn). Riders are required to complete a set number of laps (varies according to racing division) at the end of which, the chequered flag is waved by marshals. Offshore races take place at sea. These races are held across long distances and require serious consideration to be taken for refuelling as this is usually done on land. The circuit is bordered by large buoys (visible from long distances) or by natural landmarks like coastline, lighthouses, islands, rocks, etc . Endurance races are held on long closed circuits. As endurance races are testing the long-term resistance of a rider and their bike, these races tend to last several hours and are more akin to a marathon as opposed to a sprint. Given the long duration of the race, supplies are required in advance to ensure everything runs smoothly. Runabout bikes are used in endurance races. These races are spread over several stages. Riders are required to travel long distances marked by checkpoints in order to complete the race. These races are often very time consuming as riders cover one expanse of water, and reach the coast on the other side, where their bike then has to be transported by land to the next race stage. This category is more of a competition than a race. Riders are given a duration of 3 minutes to perform a rehearsed routine, one at a time. The stunts are evaluated by a team of five expert judges. The evaluation criteria are: quality, quantity and variety. The most common moves are Backflip, Barrel Roll, 360, Superman and Submarine. Safety and security is of paramount importance during all the races and tests. Each member of the rescue team present at all races is required to have a certificate proving their ability to rescue and transport personal watercrafts and injured riders. The support of the firefighters and patrol boats is essential as they ensure the immediate action in case of more serious accidents. On the ground, there is a medical team specialised in traumatology who are able to accompany the riders to the closest hospital to the race site. In offshore racing, there is also a helicopter rescue service. Aquabike World Championship (powerboating) The UIM-ABP Aquabike World Championship is a powerboating sports competition. The UIM-ABP Aquabike World Championship is the premier class of"
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"Blackburn House, West Lothian Blackburn House is a category A-listed Georgian house, situated just outside Blackburn and Seafield in West Lothian, Scotland. Blackburn House was built in the late 18th century by George Moncrieff. The building originally acted as a gateway to Blackburn, the town which Moncrieff founded, after making his money running plantations in the West Indies. The house comprises a central Palladian manor house, with substantial east and west pavilions. In the summer of 2008, a £4 million restoration for the Cockburn Conservation Trust was finished. Blackburn House was awarded an Architectural Award by the Georgian Group in November 2008 for the Restoration of a Georgian Country House. Blackburn House, West Lothian Blackburn House is a category A-listed Georgian house, situated just outside Blackburn and Seafield in West Lothian, Scotland. Blackburn House was built in the late 18th century by George Moncrieff. The building originally acted as a gateway to Blackburn, the town which Moncrieff founded, after making his money running plantations in the West Indies. The house comprises a central Palladian manor house, with substantial east and west pavilions. In the summer of 2008, a £4 million restoration for the Cockburn Conservation Trust was finished. Blackburn House"
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"Red Conkright William Franklin Conkright (April 17, 1914 – October 27, 1980), known more commonly by the nickname Red, was an American football center and end who played eight seasons in the National Football League (NFL) and was later the head coach of the Oakland Raiders for part of the 1962 season. Conkright was born in Oklahoma and attended the University of Oklahoma, where he was a star center on the school's football team. He was the captain of the Sooners team in 1936 and was named to a first-team all-Big Six Conference squad. Conkright was drafted in 1937 by the NFL's Chicago Bears. He played two seasons for the Bears, serving mainly as a backup center and occasionally playing as an end. The Cleveland Rams bought the rights to Conkright in 1939, and he stayed with the team through the 1942 season. He played for the Washington Redskins and Brooklyn Dodgers in 1943 before returning to the Rams briefly in 1944. Following his retirement as a player, Conkright began a career as a coach. He scouted and coached for the Rams in 1944 and 1945, and moved to the Cleveland Browns of the new All-America Football Conference (AAFC) in 1946. He worked as an assistant coach for two more AAFC teams in the late 1940s. Conkright was hired as an assistant at Mississippi State College in 1950, spending two seasons in the position. After a five-year hiatus from coaching, he returned as an assistant for the University of Houston's football team. He got his first head coaching job in 1959 at Stephen F. Austin State University. In 1962, Conkright was hired as an assistant coach and director of player personnel by the Oakland Raiders in the American Football League. The team's head coach, Marty Feldman, was fired in the middle of the season and Conkright replaced him. Conkright's Raiders, however, managed to win just one game that year, and he was replaced in 1963 by Al Davis. Conkright went on to work for two years as an assistant with the Houston Oilers. Conkright was born in Beggs, Oklahoma and went to a high school in Tulsa, where he was a football star. He was nicknamed \"Red\" because of his red hair. Conkright attended the University of Oklahoma and played varsity college football during the 1934, 1935, and 1936 seasons. He was the team's captain as a senior in 1936, and was named a first-team All-Big Six Conference center. Conkright was missed when he graduated; sportswriter Federick Ware wrote in the 1937 edition of \"Football Illustrated Annual\" that \"finding a center to replace the great Red Conkright\" would be one of Sooners head coach Tom Stidham's \"main headaches.\" Conkright was selected in the fifth round of the 1937 draft by the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL). He was a third-string center for the Bears behind Frank Bausch and Frank Sullivan with the Bears, and saw little action in the two years he played for the team. He was, however, occasionally used as an end in his first season. Conkright was sold to the Cleveland Rams ahead of the 1939 season in a cash deal that did not involve any other players. He became the regular starter at center for the Rams midway through 1939, replacing Chuck Cherundolo. The Rams finished the season with a 5–5–1 win-loss-tie record under coach Dutch Clark. Conkright broke his leg in the second game of the 1940 season and sat out the rest of the year. In October, he married his girlfriend Imogene, who he met at the University of Oklahoma and with whom he had a four-month-old son. Conkright came back to play full seasons for the Rams in 1941 and 1942. He split the 1943 season between the NFL's Brooklyn Dodgers and the Washington Redskins. Conkright returned to the Rams in 1944 and was expected to be used as a regular left end. He saw action in only one game, however, his final appearance in the NFL. He was then placed on the inactive list and converted into an assistant coach and scout for the Rams. Conkright remained with the Rams through the 1945 season, when the team won the NFL championship. Rams owner Dan Reeves moved the team to Los Angeles after the season, but Conkright decided to stay in Cleveland, where he and his family lived. He took a job as a scout and coach for the Cleveland Browns, a team that was to start play in 1946 in the new All-America Football Conference (AAFC). Conkright was joined by five former Rams players who switched to the Browns when the Rams moved, including center Mike Scarry, tackle Chet Adams and backs Gaylon Smith, Tommy Colella and Don Greenwood. Before the 1946 season started, Reeves sought an injunction in federal court to prevent Adams from signing with the Browns and force the tackle to honor his contract with the Rams. Adams argued that his contract described a team in Cleveland, and the move to Los Angeles invalidated it. Then acting as an agent for the Rams, Conkright had signed Adams to a new contract in October 1945. Conkright was named as a defendant in the suit, which was decided in August in Adams's favor. Conkright spent a year as Cleveland's end and center coach under head coach Paul Brown as the team won the 1946 AAFC championship. While with the Browns, he coached ends Mac Speedie and future Pro Football Hall of Fame member Dante Lavelli, who he praised for his \"uncanny way of getting into the open\" to receive passes from quarterback Otto Graham. Conkright signed as an end and center coach for the AAFC's Buffalo Bills in April 1947. In moving to the Bills, he rejoined Tom Stidham, his old head coach at Oklahoma. Stidham was working as the Bills' line coach. Conkright convinced the Bills to put into place Brown's version of the T formation offense, and the team improved in the 1947 and 1948 seasons. The Bills advanced to the 1948 AAFC championship, but lost the game to the Browns. Conkright was hired as an assistant coach by the Baltimore Colts in 1949, and spent one season with the team. He took a job as an end and center coach for Mississippi State College in 1950 and spent two seasons there. After five years away from football, Conkright in 1957 became a defensive line coach at the University of Houston. Two years later, he was named the head football coach at Stephen F. Austin State University in Nacogdoches, Texas. In three seasons as coach there, his football team did not have a winning season and posted an overall win-loss-tie record of 6–25–1. Conkright resigned as Austin's head coach late in November 1961. The following April, he was hired by the Oakland Raiders of the American Football League (AFL) as defensive line coach and director of player personnel on the staff of head coach Marty Feldman. Following a 2–10 season in 1961, the Raiders opened the 1962 season with five straight losses, leading to Feldman's dismissal and his replacement by Conkright as interim head coach on October 16, 1962. The Raiders finished the season with a 1-13 record under Conkright, and he was replaced in January 1963 by Al Davis. After his firing by the Raiders, Conkright joined the coaching staff of the AFL's Houston Oilers. He was an assistant for the Oilers in 1963 and 1964. Conkright died in 1980 in Houston, Texas. He was 66 years old. Red Conkright William Franklin Conkright (April 17, 1914 – October 27, 1980), known more commonly by the nickname Red, was an American football center and end who played eight seasons in the National Football League (NFL) and was later the head coach of the Oakland Raiders for"
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"ESP game The ESP game is a human-based computation game developed to address the problem of creating difficult metadata. The idea behind the game is to use the computational power of humans to perform a task that computers cannot (originally, image recognition) by packaging the task as a game. It was originally conceived by Luis von Ahn of Carnegie Mellon University. Google bought a licence to create its own version of the game (Google Image Labeler) in 2006 in order to return better search results for its online images. The licence of the data acquired by Ahn's \"ESP game\", or the Google version, is not clear. Google's version was shut down on September 16, 2011 as part of the Google Labs closure in September 2011. Image recognition is a task that is difficult for computers to perform independently. Humans are perfectly capable of it, but are not necessarily willing. By making the recognition task a \"game\", people are more likely to participate. When questioned about how much they enjoyed playing the game, collected data from users was extremely positive. The applications and uses of having so many labeled images are significant; for example, more accurate image searching and accessibility for visually impaired users, by reading out an image's labels. Partnering two people to label images makes it more likely that entered words will be accurate. Since the only thing the two partners have in common is that they both see the same image, they must enter reasonable labels to have any chance of agreeing on one. The ESP Game as it is currently implemented encourages players to assign “obvious” labels, which are most likely to lead to an agreement with the partner. But these labels can often be deduced from the labels already present using an appropriate language model and such labels therefore add only little information to the system. A Microsoft research project assigns probabilities to the next label to be added. This model is then used in a program, which plays the ESP game without looking at the image. ESP-game authors presented evidence that the labels produced using the game were indeed useful descriptions of the images. The results of searching for randomly chosen keywords were presented and show that the proportion of appropriate images when searching using the labels generated by the game is extremely high. Further evaluation was achieved by comparing the labels generated using the game to labels generated by participants that were asked to describe the images. Once logged in, a user is automatically matched with a random partner. The partners do not know each other's identity and they cannot communicate. Once matched, they will both be shown the same image. Their task is to agree on a word that would be an appropriate label for the image. They both enter possible words, and once a word is entered by both partners (not necessarily at the same time), that word is agreed upon, and that word becomes a label for the image. Once they agree on a word, they are shown another image. They have two and a half minutes to label 15 images. Both partners have the option to pass; that is, give up on an image. Once one partner passes, the other partner is shown a message that their partner wishes to pass. Both partners must pass for a new image to be shown. Some images have “taboo” words; that is, words that cannot be entered as possible labels. These words are usually related to the image and make the game harder as they prevent common words to be used to label the image. Taboo words are obtained from the game itself. The first time an image is used in the game, it will have no taboo words. If the image is ever used again, it will have one taboo word: the word that resulted from the previous agreement. The next time the image is used, it will have two taboo words, and so on. “Taboo” words is done automatically by the system: once an image has been labeled enough times with the same word, that word becomes taboo so that the image will get a variety of different words as labels. Occasionally, the game will be played solo, without a human partner, with the ESP Game itself acting as the opponent and delivering a series of pre-determined labels to the single human player (which have been harvested from labels given to the image during the course of earlier games played by real humans). This is necessary if there are an odd number of people playing the game. In late 2008, the game was rebranded as GWAP (\"game with a purpose\"), with a new user interface. Some other games that were also created by Luis von Ahn, such as “Peekaboom” and “Phetch”, were discontinued at that point. Ahn has described countermeasures which prevent players from \"cheating\" the game, and introducing false data into the system. By giving players occasional test images for which common labels are known, it is possible to check that players are answering honestly, and a player's guesses are only stored if they successfully label the test images. Furthermore, a label is only stored after a certain number of players (N) have agreed on it. At this point, all of the taboo lists for the images are deleted and the image is returned to the game pool as if it were a fresh image. If X is the probability of a label being incorrect despite a player having successfully labelled test images, then after N repetitions the probability of corruption is formula_1, assuming that end repetitions are independent of each other. The choice of images used by the ESP game makes a difference in the player’s experience. The game would be less entertaining if all the images were chosen from a single site and were all extremely similar. The first run of the ESP game used a collection of 350,000 images chosen by the developers. Later versions selected images at random from the web, using a small amount of filtering. Such images are reintroduced into the game several times until they are fully labeled. The random images were chosen using \"Random Bounce Me\", a website that selects a page at random from the Google database. “Random Bounce Me” was queried repeatedly, each time collecting all JPEG and GIF images in the random page, except for images that did not fit the criteria: blank images, images that consist of a single color, images that are smaller than 20 pixels on either dimension, and images with an aspect ratio greater than 4.5 or smaller than 1/4.5. This process was repeated until 350,000 images were collected. The images were then rescaled to fit the game's display. Fifteen different images from the 350,000 are chosen for each session of the game. ESP game The ESP game is a human-based computation game developed to address the problem of creating difficult metadata. The idea behind the game is to use the computational power of humans to perform a task that computers cannot (originally, image recognition) by packaging the task as a game. It was originally conceived by Luis von Ahn of Carnegie Mellon University. Google"
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"Andrew Keoghan Andrew Keoghan (born 6 October 1980) is a New Zealand musician and songwriter. Keoghan was classically trained in singing. He also plays guitar and violin. His first album \"Arctic Tales Divide\" was released in New Zealand in 2011. Keoghan's music has been described as a mixture of pop and folk-influenced art music. On the album \"Arctic Tales Divide\" Keoghan experimented with a loop pedal to layer vocals, guitar and occasionally violin. It was produced by Wayne Bell. The album was shortlisted for the 2012 Taite Music Prize. In 2011 Keoghan toured New Zealand and Australia. \"Arctic Tales Divide\" (2011) (Brave Beluga). Published by Native Tongue Music Publishing Pty Keoghan is the younger brother of Phil Keoghan, who is known for hosting \"The Amazing Race\". Their parents, John and Elizabeth Keoghan, run a bed and breakfast in Rolleston, New Zealand. Andrew Keoghan Andrew Keoghan (born 6 October 1980) is a New Zealand musician and songwriter. Keoghan was classically trained in singing. He also plays guitar and violin. His first album \"Arctic Tales Divide\" was released in New Zealand in 2011. Keoghan's music has been described as a mixture of pop and folk-influenced art music. On the album \"Arctic Tales"
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"Rod Phillips (broadcaster) Rod Phillips (born September 9, 1941) is a retired radio broadcaster for 630 CHED in Edmonton, Alberta. Phillips is best known as the play-by-play man of the World Hockey Association and National Hockey League's Edmonton Oilers from 1973 to 2011, succeeding longtime Edmonton Eskimos broadcaster Bryan Hall despite having no experience in the field. He is most famous for his loud, long scream of \"scoooooooooores!!!!!\", considered a classic for Oilers fans. Many fans attending games brought their radios to Northlands Coliseum to listen to his broadcasts, and many people watching games on television turned down the sound to listen to his coverage. In 2003, Phillips received the Foster Hewitt Memorial Award, and was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame. Rod Phillips was born in Calmar, Alberta in 1941. Prior to being a hockey broadcaster, Phillips hosted Edmonton's first-ever late-night television show in 1967. Rod Phillips is the uncle of retired Ottawa Senators defenceman Chris Phillips. Phillips announced his retirement on May 28, 2010. Although retired, he still broadcast 10 more games of the 2010-2011 season, referred to as a \"farewell tour\" and dubbed \"Rod's Classics\". These ten games included the Oilers greatest rivals: Calgary Flames, Detroit Red Wings, Phoenix Coyotes née Winnipeg Jets, Montreal Canadiens, New York Islanders, Dallas Stars, Boston Bruins, Colorado Avalanche, Philadelphia Flyers, and Los Angeles Kings, in that order. Rod called his 3,542nd and final game on March 29, 2011, officially marking his retirement. During a pre-game ceremony before the game, the Edmonton Oilers honored the Hockey Hall of Famer with a banner marked not with a sweater number, but, rather, the number 3,542 which references the number of games he called for the Oilers. Rod Phillips signed off his final game the way he always did, albeit \"slightly\" differently: \"Good night, and goodbye, from Rexall Place in Edmonton!\" Well known for his on-air durability, Phillips once even tried to call a game while suffering a bleeding nose so bad that it blurred his vision and was known to call games even while sick with severe colds. Phillips had only missed nine periods of Oilers hockey during his entire career - two full games missed due to illness and three first periods missed after participating in on-ice ceremonies - until November 2008, when he missed a 7 game road trip only after being banned from flying by his doctors due to an ear infection. At the time, Phillips said that felt that he was 'letting people down.' Bob Stauffer, the regular color commentator, filled in for him on during the road trip, an admirable performance which led many to speculate Stauffer would be Phillips' eventual replacement. Upon Phillips' retirement, Jack Michaels was named as his replacement. Rod Phillips (broadcaster) Rod Phillips (born September 9, 1941) is a retired radio broadcaster for 630 CHED in Edmonton, Alberta. Phillips is best known as the play-by-play man of the World Hockey Association and National Hockey League's Edmonton Oilers from 1973 to 2011, succeeding longtime Edmonton"
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"Sally Patience Sally Patience is an Australian actress and one of the country's most prominent voice-over artists. She was born in Melbourne and grew up in the city's south eastern suburbs. She attended the Victorian College of the Arts where she trained as a dancer. Sally Patience worked in the dance field for several years before moving into acting and ultimately voice-over work where she continues to work today. The Double Take shows began in Sydney in 1986 and was part of the dub parody genre in which ostensibly serious films were deliberately re-voiced in a satirical or spoof-like manner. Well-known examples of this genre include the 1960s Jay Ward TV series Fractured Flickers and Woody Allen's What's Up, Tiger Lily? (1966). Double Take performances featured distinctly Australian voicings (often with exaggerated \"Ocker\" and ethnic Australian accents) and many local humorous references and the films that the Double Take team sent up were presented in their entirety with scripts were carefully tailored to follow the original sequencing of the movies. Double Take scripts were developed by Des Mangan and Lisa Sweeney and Sally Patience joined much later to become a contributor who provided voices for the films. Mangan and Patience later gained a strong following around Australia with Double Take shows, which were performed live in a cinema, after Mangan and Sweeney had established the troupe's reputation. Typically seated at the back of the auditorium, using microphones plugged into the cinema's sound system, the Double Take team performed live comedic voice-overs of movies such as the American B-grade sci-fi film The Astro-zombies and the 1960s Italian low-budget 'Sword and Sandal' epic Ercole, Sansone, Maciste e Ursus gli invincibili. Of necessity much of their voice-over performance was tightly scripted, but working live also allowed the team scope to occasionally insert topical jokes and references. The Double Take show was taken to a new level in the feature film Hercules Returns. Sally Patience played a major role in the movie by contributing to its script and by providing the bulk of the female voices for the film. The managers of the Hercules Returns project purchased the rights to both the original Ercole film and Mangan's script, hired cinematographer and film maker David Parker to help write a story to wrap around the Double Take routine. The film was Parker's first as a director and the project came in on time and on budget at a cost of less than A$1 million, and shooting was completed in just eight days. On release of the film Urban Cinefile reported that - Similarly, the Mark Takacs in his review of Hercules Returns on the Internet Movie Data Base comments that - The lead actors who appeared on screen in Hercules Returns were well-known to local Australian audiences. Bruce Spence has been one of the country's most prominent stage and screen actors since the early 1970s. Mary Coustas was a member of the popular \"Wogs Out of Work\" team, where she created her Greek-Australian character \"Effie\", and she co-starred in the popular TV sitcom Acropolis Now. David Argue was well known from his many live comedy, TV and film appearances. Director David Parker has had a long association with writer-director Nadia Tass and they have collaborated on many popular films including Malcolm. Hercules Returns is also notable as the last screen credit for veteran actor Frank Thring (who performed the voice of Zeus) and there are also cameo appearances by Australian film critics David Stratton, Margaret Pomeranz and Ivan Hutchinson. Ironically, the 'real' stars of the film, Des Mangan and Sally Patience, do not appear on screen in the movie and their voice-overs are instead mimed by Argue, Spence and Coustas.When revoiced for the sound track for the film The voice over artists Included argue who provided Diolouge for a character. Mathew king voiced Frank thring, several other characters, and another voice over artist; assorted characters . Des mangan had originally written the Screen play for he and Patience. But after being auditioned by parker, It was recast with actors. Sally Patience has appeared in a number of other screen roles including as a backing singer in the Australian film Billy's Holiday and in the television drama Dog's Head Bay as Dimity Todd. Sally Patience has since become one of Australia's best known voice-over artists and she regularly works on major national and local advertising campaigns. Sally Patience Sally Patience is an Australian actress and one of the country's most prominent voice-over artists. She was born in Melbourne and grew up in the city's south eastern suburbs. She attended the Victorian College of the Arts where she trained as a dancer. Sally Patience worked in the dance field for several years before moving into acting and ultimately voice-over work where she continues to work today. The"
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"Dr. Slump The manga was adapted into an anime television series by Toei Animation that ran on Fuji TV from 1981 to 1986 consisting of 243 episodes. A remake series was created thirteen years after the manga ended, consisting of 74 episodes that were broadcast from 1997 to 1999. The series has also spawned several novels, video games and eleven animated films. \"Dr. Slump\" launched Toriyama's career. It was awarded the Shogakukan Manga Award for \"shōnen\" and \"shōjo\" manga in 1981 and has sold over 35 million copies in Japan. The manga was released in North America by Viz Media from 2004 to 2009. Discotek Media released the first five films in North America in 2014. \"Dr. Slump\" is set in , a place where humans co-exist with all sorts of anthropomorphic animals and other objects. In this village lives Senbei Norimaki, an inventor. In the first chapter, he builds what he hopes will be the world's most perfect little girl robot, named Arale Norimaki. However, she turns out to be in severe need of eyeglasses. She is also very naïve, and in later issues she has adventures such as bringing a huge bear home, having mistaken it for a pet. To Senbei's credit, she does have super-strength. In general, the manga focuses on Arale's misunderstandings of humanity and Senbei's inventions, rivalries, and romantic misadventures. In the middle of the series, a recurring villain named Dr. Mashirito appears as a rival to Senbei. \"Dr. Slump\" is filled with puns and toilet humor, and parodies of both Japanese and American culture. For example, one of the recurring characters is Suppaman, a short, fat, pompous buffoon who changes into a Superman-like alter-ego by eating a sour-tasting (\"suppai\" in Japanese) umeboshi. Unlike Superman, Suppaman cannot fly, and instead pretends to fly by lying belly down on a skateboard and scooting through the streets. Also, one of the village's policemen wears a \"Star Wars\"-style stormtrooper helmet, just as in the American movies. Toriyama himself has been portrayed as a bird (the \"tori\" in his last name means \"bird\", hence the name of his production studio Bird Studio), although it has been suggested (by himself even) that he actually based the design of Senbei on himself. In addition, other real-life people make appearances as well, such as Toriyama's editor (Kazuhiko Torishima), assistants, wife, his colleague friends (such as Masakazu Katsura) and others. With Toriyama a newcomer to manga and his editor Kazuhiko Torishima still relatively new at his job as well, the two worked for 18 months with Torishima rejecting all the author's ideas until the first draft of \"Dr. Slump\". One of these rejected works, , served as a basis for \"Dr. Slump\". Toriyama drew several short omake included in the \"Dr. Slump\" \"tankōbon\" volumes that supposedly depict actual events on the production of the series, although, as they are often humorous, the level of truthfulness to them is uncertain. In one, he claimed that when he told Torishima that he wanted to make a manga about a doctor, the editor told him to add a robot. Toriyama originally wanted a very large robot, but as it would not fit in the panels, he instead made it small. When Torishima rejected that idea, he made the robot a girl, knowing Torishima would find her \"cute\". He also stated that Senbei was supposed to be the main character, but his editor told him to make it Arale instead, which Toriyama agrees turned out better. The act of having Senbei and Midori get married came from having nothing else to draw that week, and it happened quickly because he does not like romance. He went on to state that Torishima does enjoy romance, and that the relationships of Arale and Obotchaman, Akane and Tsukutsun, and Taro and Tsururin were all Torishima's ideas. Toriyama did not expect \"Dr. Slump\" to last long, as even before it debuted Torishima was asking him what he would draw for his next series. However, it lasted for roughly five years. When Toriyama began \"Dr. Slump\", he worked at home, where he lived with his parents, and had one assistant who worked one day a week. Toriyama has said several times that he typically would not have any ideas for the story for that week's chapter, but would think up something as soon as Torishima called asking. He thought up each week's story as he drew and sent the rough draft to Torishima at \"Weekly Shōnen Jump\" headquarters in Tokyo by air courier from Nagoya Airport. After getting the approval of his editor, he began by drawing the lines that stick out of the frames, then the frames themselves, before using a g-pen to draw clear crisp lines at roughly one page an hour. After he had around eight pages finished, his assistant (also known as ) came over, although Toriyama stated he only allowed him to color. For color pages, Toriyama first drew them with permanent ink and used water-soluble color pens, before touching up with a wet brush. Later in serialization (around volume 13, as stated in volume 18), became his assistant when Hiswashi started his own series, although Hiswashi occasionally still helped out, as did Toriyama's wife when they were close to a deadline. In 2016, Torishima said that although \"Dr. Slump\" was very successful, having debuted at number two in the magazine's reader rankings, Toriyama wanted to stop it after about six months. He explained that because it was a self-contained comedy each week, if something did not work, the author had to change everything. Torishima said that because it was a top-ranking series, would regularly sell a million copies, and had an anime about to begin, \"Jump\" and Shueisha would not allow it to end. However, Torishima claimed the magazine's chief editor told him that if they could come up with something more interesting and successful then they could. In order to have time to discuss new ideas they had to adjust the weekly schedule, finishing a \"Dr. Slump\" chapter in five days instead of seven. Toriyama stated that one of the conditions he agreed to that allowed him to end the popular \"Dr. Slump\", was that he start his next series relatively soon after. He began \"Dragon Ball\" roughly three months later. In his own words, Toriyama described the scenery of \"Dr. Slump\" as having an \"American West Coast\" feel. Torishima recalled that when he asked Toriyama why he drew relatively sparse backgrounds, his reply was simply that it was easier that way. However, Toriyama has stated that he was particular about the art, working more hours on it than he would later on \"Dragon Ball\". In an actual chapter of \"Dr. Slump\", where Toriyama and Matsuyama appear, it was revealed that Matsuyama draws most of the backgrounds and houses. Toriyama often used colored paper, a technique fairly common in design, but less-so in manga. He stated that the tournament-type events, such as the Penguin Village Grand Prix and the kick the can contest, were popular with readers and inspired the Tenkaichi Budōkai in \"Dragon Ball\". Torishima described the \"Dr. Slump\" anime as unsuccessful in his opinion because it did not loyally follow the manga. He said this was because it was the first time the \"Weekly Shōnen Jump\" team had to manage an anime based on one of their manga and its creative process, explaining that, if something went wrong, it was too late to change because it was already animated. Akira Toriyama's \"Dr. Slump\" was originally serialized in \"Weekly Shōnen Jump\" from issue No. 5/6 on February 4, 1980 to No. 39 on September 10, 1984. Its 236 individual chapters were collected into 18 \"tankōbon\" volumes under the \"Jump Comics\" imprint. It was reassembled as a 9-volume \"aizōban\" edition in 1990, a 9-volume \"bunkoban\" edition in 1995, and a 15-volume \"kanzenban\" edition in 2006. Viz Media licensed the series for North America in 2004, and published the first volume on March 3, 2005 with translation done by Alexander O. Smith and some censorship. All 18 original volumes have been released in North America as of May 5, 2009. After \"Dr. Slump\"",
"manga and its creative process, explaining that, if something went wrong, it was too late to change because it was already animated. Akira Toriyama's \"Dr. Slump\" was originally serialized in \"Weekly Shōnen Jump\" from issue No. 5/6 on February 4, 1980 to No. 39 on September 10, 1984. Its 236 individual chapters were collected into 18 \"tankōbon\" volumes under the \"Jump Comics\" imprint. It was reassembled as a 9-volume \"aizōban\" edition in 1990, a 9-volume \"bunkoban\" edition in 1995, and a 15-volume \"kanzenban\" edition in 2006. Viz Media licensed the series for North America in 2004, and published the first volume on March 3, 2005 with translation done by Alexander O. Smith and some censorship. All 18 original volumes have been released in North America as of May 5, 2009. After \"Dr. Slump\" ended in 1984, its characters returned for an extended cameo in Toriyama's next series \"Dragon Ball\", in which Arale and Son Goku briefly team up to defeat General Blue during the Red Ribbon Army storyline. A \"Dr. Slump\" follow-up manga was written by Takao Koyama and illustrated by Katsuyoshi Nakatsuru, with supervision by Toriyama. It was serialized in \"V Jump\" from February 21, 1993 to September 1996 under the title . It was collected into four \"tankōbon\" volumes. To promote the release of the first \"Dr. Slump - Arale-chan\" anime DVD box set, Akira Toriyama illustrated a special one-shot colored spin-off manga titled published in the April 2007 issue of \"Monthly Shōnen Jump\". The story centers around an evil counterpart of Arale created by Dr. Mashirito Jr., named Abale. The \"Dr. Slump\" manga was adapted into two separate anime television series by Toei Animation, both of which aired on Fuji TV. The first, , ran from April 8, 1981 to February 19, 1986 and spanned 243 episodes. The second anime, simply titled , ran from November 26, 1997 to September 22, 1999 and lasted seventy-four episodes. The first anime was released on home video for the first time in 2007, remastered, in two 22-disc DVD sets; on March 23, which contains the first 120 episodes, and on September 14, which contains the remainder. Likewise, the second series was released the following year as \"Slump the Box 90's\" on March 21. The first anime was then released in twenty 2-disc sets (the last was 3-disc) of roughly twelve episodes each, titled \"Slump the Collection\"; the first three sets on October 9, 2008, the next five on November 28, the next six on December 21, and the last six on January 30, 2009. The first episode of the original anime was adapted into English by Harmony Gold USA in 1984, but the pilot was never picked up. Toei has also created eleven animated films based on \"Dr. Slump\", beginning with \"Hello! Wonder Island\" on July 18, 1981. They continued to produce one film a year until 1985; \"\"Hoyoyo!\" Space Adventure\" on July 10, 1982, \"Dr. Slump and Arale-chan: Hoyoyo! The Great Race Around the World\" on March 13, 1983, \"Dr. Slump and Arale-chan: Hoyoyo! The Secret of Nanaba Castle\" on December 22, 1984, and \"Dr. Slump and Arale-chan: Hoyoyo! The City of Dreams, Mechapolis\" on July 13, 1985. In 1993, \"Dr. Slump and Arale-chan: N-cha! Clear Skies Over Penguin Village\" and \"Dr. Slump and Arale-chan: N-cha! From Penguin Village with Love\" were released on March 6 and July 10 respectively. In 1994, \"Dr. Slump and Arale-chan: Hoyoyo!! Follow the Rescued Shark...\" and \"Dr. Slump and Arale-chan: N-cha!! Excited Heart of Summer Vacation\" were released on March 12 and July 9 respectively. On March 6, 1999, \"Arale's Surprise Burn\" was produced. Toriyama's 2007 one-shot was adapted into a five-minute short titled \"Dr. Slump: Dr. Mashirito and Abale-chan\" that was shown alongside the theatrically released \"\". In 2008, all eleven films were released in a remastered DVD box set titled \"Slump the Box Movies\" on September 21. On June 12, 2013, Discotek Media announced they acquired the first five \"Dr. Slump\" films for release in North America. They released all five in a two-disc DVD box set in Japanese with English subtitles on July 29, 2014. A series of three \"Dr. Slump - Arale-chan\" video games called , and , by Animest was released as Game & Watch clones in 1982. A \"Dr. Slump\" video game was released in 1983 for the Arcadia 2001. was released for the NEC PC-6001 in 1984 by Enix. An action game, simply titled , for the PlayStation based on the second television series was released on March 18, 1999 by Bandai. was released on October 30, 2008 for the Nintendo DS. Arale appears in the 1988 Famicom game \"\". In the Nintendo DS game \"Jump Super Stars\", Arale and Dr. Mashirito are player characters, while Senbei appears as a support character. They both return in the sequel, \"Jump Ultimate Stars\" while Senbei, Midori, Gatchan, Obotchaman and Unchi-kun are support characters. Arale appears as a playable character in \"J-Stars Victory VS\". Arale appears in several \"Dragon Ball\" video games as well. She and several other \"Dr. Slump\" characters appear in \"\", she alone is a hidden battle in \"Dragon Ball 3: Goku Den\", and she and Senbei briefly appear in \"Dragon Ball Z: Super Goku Den — Totsugeki-Hen\". Arale is a playable character, and Penguin Village is a playable map, in \"\" for the PlayStation 2 and Wii. In the PS2 game \"Super Dragon Ball Z\", Suppaman appears in the background of the city level; after breaking the porta-potty, Suppaman will roll off on his skateboard. Finally, Arale can be unlocked as a playable character in \"\" for the Wii, \"\" for the DS, and \"Dragon Ball Fusions\" for the Nintendo 3DS. There have been several light novels based on \"Dr. Slump\". The first two, released in July 1981 and released in April 1982, were written by Masaki Tsuji, who also wrote for the anime adaptation. A novel written by Shun'ichi Yukimuro and based on the second movie was released on July 15, 1982. and , released on October 1989 and June 27, 1997 respectively, are original works written by Genichiro Takahashi, but draw from the world of \"Dr. Slump\". A radio drama adaptation was broadcast at around the same time the anime was airing. Arale was voiced by Yuko Hara, keyboardist of the popular rock band Southern All Stars. In 2014, two commercials featuring \"Dr. Slump\" were created by Toei for Suzuki. The commercials advertise the car manufacturer's Kei SUV Hustler and include new acting from Mami Koyama as Arale and Kumiko Nishihara as Gatchan. In celebration of the anime adaptation's 35th anniversary, the \"Dr. Slump - Arale-chan N'Cha! Best\" album containing music from the series was released on June 1, 2016. As of 2008, the collected volumes of \"Dr. Slump\" had sold over 35 million copies in Japan alone. Only a year after its debut, the series was awarded the 1981 Shogakukan Manga Award for \"shōnen\" and \"shōjo\" manga. Viz Media's North American release of the first volume of \"Dr. Slump\" was nominated for the 2005 Quill Award in the Graphic Novel category. The first anime adaptation of \"Dr. Slump\" was also popular, holding the coveted Saturday 6pm timeslot for five years. With a 36.9% average household rating, its December 16, 1981 episode is the third most watched anime since the television ratings group Video Research began keeping track on September 26, 1977. In 1982, it was voted the 13th Favorite Anime in Japanese magazine \"Animage\"s fourth annual Anime Grand Prix. In 2001, \"Animage\" ranked it number 48 on its list of the Top 100 Anime. TV Asahi released two Top 100 Anime lists in 2005, in the web poll \"Dr. Slump\" ranked number 34, while a nationwide poll of multiple age groups named it number 29. The following year, a list created from polling 100 celebrities had it in the 25th position. A running gag in \"Dr. Slump\" that utilizes feces has been reported as an inspiration for the Pile of Poo emoji. Ian Jones-Quartey, a former producer of the American animated series \"Steven Universe\" and creator of \"OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes\", is a fan of \"Dragon Ball\" and \"Dr. Slump\", and uses Toriyama's vehicle designs as",
"track on September 26, 1977. In 1982, it was voted the 13th Favorite Anime in Japanese magazine \"Animage\"s fourth annual Anime Grand Prix. In 2001, \"Animage\" ranked it number 48 on its list of the Top 100 Anime. TV Asahi released two Top 100 Anime lists in 2005, in the web poll \"Dr. Slump\" ranked number 34, while a nationwide poll of multiple age groups named it number 29. The following year, a list created from polling 100 celebrities had it in the 25th position. A running gag in \"Dr. Slump\" that utilizes feces has been reported as an inspiration for the Pile of Poo emoji. Ian Jones-Quartey, a former producer of the American animated series \"Steven Universe\" and creator of \"OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes\", is a fan of \"Dragon Ball\" and \"Dr. Slump\", and uses Toriyama's vehicle designs as reference for his own. He also stated that \"We're all big Toriyama fans on [\"Steven Universe\"], which kind of shows a bit.\" Mike Toole of Anime News Network called \"Dr. Slump\" \"the greatest manga of all time\", filled with \"parody, gags, and fart jokes that everyone from toddlers to grandparents can enjoy together\". Jason Thompson referred to \"Dr. Slump\" as the best series Toriyama has created, claiming it is better drawn and more creative than \"Dragon Ball\". He also reports that it is considered \"the last non-manufactured hit\" by many in the Japanese manga industry, particularity among \"Weekly Shōnen Jump\" titles. In their review, \"Publishers Weekly\" stated \"Toriyama has created his own demented sitcom, and his fantastic imagination and comic invention never let up\", \"The [English] translation is a bit flat, but the uncommonly good storytelling more than makes up for it.\" Eduardo M. Chavez of Mania Entertainment summarized \"Dr. Slump\" as a \"quirky slap-stick comedy entirely based in fantasy.\" He thinks that while Toriyama's usual art style uses \"SD\" characters, \"Dr. Slump\" also shows hints that he can draw realistic. He noted that \"little nuances\", particularity puns, are lost in translation from Japanese to English and expressed disdain for Viz's censorship, saying it took away from the honesty of the series. Chavez feels that what the characters do never crosses the line into inappropriate; \"The jokes might not be wholesome, but they are genuinely funny and harmless\"; and went on to say that the series fills the void for \"all ages manga\" in bookstores and libraries. Reviewing the first five movies, Carl Kimlinger of Anime News Network summarized \"Dr. Slump\" as \"random silly adventures [...] delivered with a lot of surreal nonsense humor, only the most basic sense of continuity, and not a whiff of substance or seriousness.\" He felt that much of the humor comes simply from the visuals; stating that the vintage hand-done art and animation provide a \"warmth\" and \"raises Slump's visuals above\" other anime. However, he called the background music \"non-descript\" and stated that the films are only for viewers who are familiar with the series, as they provide no exposition. Dr. Slump The manga was adapted into an anime television series by Toei Animation that ran on Fuji TV from 1981 to 1986 consisting of 243 episodes. A remake series was created thirteen years after the manga ended, consisting of 74 episodes that were broadcast from 1997 to 1999. The series has also spawned several"
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"Robert Nathan (intelligence officer) Sir Robert Nathan, KCSI, CIE (1868–1921) was a British intelligence official notable for his works against the Indian revolutionaries in Bengal, Britain and North America. Nathan was educated at Peterhouse, Cambridge, before joining the Indian Civil Service in 1888. He was appointed secretary of the Indian Universities Commission in 1902, and Private Secretary to the Viceroy, Lord Curzon, in 1905. In 1907 Nathan was made Chief Secretary to the Government of Eastern Bengal and Assam, and Commissioner of Dhaka Police. In 1908, Nathan, then the Police Commissioner of Dhaka, was responsible along with the district collector H.L. Salkeld for uncovering the revolutionary organisation of the \"Anushilan Samiti\", and for instituting the measures to suppress the organisation. Nathan was appointed Vice Chancellor of Calcutta University in 1914, and the same year returned from India on account of ill-health. He began his work for British intelligence against Indian revolutionaries in October 1914. After retiring from the ICS in 1915, Nathan joined the MI5's section dealing with the Indian seditionist movement in Europe, called MI5(g), that was formed at the time headed by Vernon Kell. Nathan's fellow officer at the time was another ex-Indian police official, H.L. Stephenson. He headed at the time the political branch of the Secret service, and along with Basil Thomson who headed the Special Branch of the Scotland Yard, Nathan was closely involved in the interrogation of Indians who worked along with the Germans during the war. Nathan's efforts, along with those of John Wallinger's Indian Political Intelligence Office (with whom Nathan worked closely), were key in the British counter-espionage work. Nathan identified plans by Ghadar Party and the Berlin Committee to assassinate Lord Kitchener in 1915 through an associate of Har Dayal, Gobind Behari Lal. He was also responsible at this time, along with Basil Thomson, to turn Harish Chandra (who was associated with the Berlin committee) into a double agent. Nathan was also responsible for the plans made by British intelligence in late 1915 to assassinate Virendranath Chattopadhyaya through agent Donald Gullick. Later, on instructions from British secret service, Robert Nathan transferred to the Pacific coast of North America where the Ghadar Party worked closely with the German consulate at San Francisco to obtain arms and men for what came to be known as the Ghadar Conspiracy. Nathan successfully brought the Ghadarites and staff at the German consulate to trial following the \"Annie Larsen\" arms plot. He organised the Hindu-German conspiracy trial, which at the time was the longest in American legal history. He was responsible for the arrest of Chandra Kanta Chakraverty and his subsequent interrogation, along with that Ernst Sekunna. Through March 1917, Nathan worked closely with William Wiseman, and negotiated with the US State Department the details of the case against the Indian conspirators. He strongly supported granting a guarantee to the United States not to be held responsible for violation of neutrality. Nathan returned to Britain at the end of World War I where he died in 1921. Robert Nathan (intelligence officer) Sir Robert Nathan, KCSI, CIE (1868–1921) was a British intelligence official notable for his works against the Indian revolutionaries in Bengal, Britain and North America. Nathan was educated at Peterhouse, Cambridge, before joining the Indian Civil Service in 1888. He was appointed secretary of the Indian Universities Commission in 1902, and Private Secretary to the Viceroy, Lord Curzon, in 1905. In 1907 Nathan was made Chief Secretary to the Government of Eastern Bengal and Assam, and Commissioner of Dhaka Police. In 1908, Nathan, then the Police Commissioner of Dhaka, was responsible along with the district collector"
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"Murdered by My Father Murdered by My Father is a one-off British drama written by Vinay Patel, directed by Bruce Goodison and produced by Toby Welch, and starring Adeel Akhtar and Kiran Sonia Sawar, that first aired on BBC One in March 2016. The drama tells the story of an honour killing of a British Asian Muslim teenage girl by her father. Widowed father Shahzad (Adeel Akhtar) is bringing up two children, Salma (Kiran Sonia Sawar) and Hassan (Reiss Jeram), alone. Teenager Salma has been promised to Haroon (Salman Akhtar) in an arranged marriage but she falls in love with Imi (Mawaan Rizwan). Following a confrontation with Haroon and with men from the community, Shahzad murders his daughter and kills himself. Ceri Redford, writing in \"The Daily Telegraph\", described the drama as \"nuanced and unbearably heart-breaking\" and \"a brave piece of television\". Kasia Delgado, in the \"Radio Times\", wrote that the drama \"deserves a Bafta [award] for depicting this very real issue so brilliantly\". Murdered by My Father Murdered by My Father is a one-off British drama written by Vinay Patel, directed by Bruce Goodison and produced by Toby Welch, and starring Adeel Akhtar and Kiran Sonia Sawar, that first"
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"It is unique among all sea eagles in having a yellow bill even in juvenile birds, and possessing 14, not 12, rectrices. \n It lives in coastal northeastern Asia and mainly preys on fish and water birds. The Kamchatka Peninsula in Far Eastern Russia is known for its relatively large population of these birds. Around 4,000 of these eagles live there. Steller's sea eagle is listed as vulnerable on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)'s Red List of Endangered species. \n Steller's sea eagle is the largest bird in the genus Haliaeetus and is one of the largest raptors overall. Females vary in weight from 6,195 to 9,500 g (13.658 to 20.944 lb), while males being rather lighter with a weight range of 4,900 to 6,800 g (10.8 to 15.0 lb). The average weight is variable, possibly due to seasonal variation in food access or general condition of eagles, but has been reported as high as a mean mass of 7,757 g (17.101 lb) to a median estimate weight of 6,250 g (13.78 lb), excluding expired eagles that were poisoned by lead and endured precipitous weight loss by the occasion of their deaths. At its average weight, the Steller's seems to outweigh the average harpy by approximately 500 g (1.1 lb) and the average Philippine eagles by more than 1,000 g (2.2 lb). Steller's sea eagle can range in total length from 85 to 105 cm (2 ft 9 in to 3 ft 5 in), apparently males average about 89 cm (2 ft 11 in) in length, while females average about 100 cm (3 ft 3 in), marginally shorter on average than the harpy eagle and about 65 mm (2.6 in) shorter than the Philippine eagle. The wingspan is from 1.95 to 2.5 m (6 ft 5 in to 8 ft 2 in) and the wing chord measurement is 560 to 680 mm (22 to 27 in). The sea eagle's wingspan is one of the largest of any living eagle, at a median of 2.13 m (7 ft 0 in) per Ferguson-Lees (2001) or a median of 2.2 m (7 ft 3 in) per Saito (2009). The Steller's sea eagle's absolute maximum wingspan is less certain; many sources place it at up to 2.45 m (8 ft 2 in). However, less substantiated records indicate that it may also reach even greater wingspans. Three separate sources claim unverified Steller's sea eagles spanning up to 2.7 m (8 ft 10 in), 2.74 m (9 ft 0 in) and 2.8 m (9 ft 2 in), respectively. \n This eagle builds several aeries, being bulky constructions of twigs and sticks, at a height up to 150 cm (59 in) and diameter up to 250 cm (98 in). They usually place such nests high up on trees or on rocky outcrops at 15 to 20 m (49 to 66 ft) above the ground, sometimes in trees up to 45 m (148 ft). Alternate nests are usually built within 900 m (3,000 ft) of each other. In one case, two active nests were found to have been located within 100 m (330 ft). \n Courtship, which usually occurs between February and March, and reportedly simply consists of a soaring flight above the breeding area. The Steller's sea eagle copulate on the nest after building it. They lay their first greenish-white eggs around April to May. The eggs range from 78 to 85 mm (3.1 to 3.3 in) height and 57.5 to 64.5 mm (2.26 to 2.54 in) in width and weigh around 160 g (5.6 oz), being slightly larger than those of harpy eagles. Clutches can contain from one to three eggs, with two being the average. Usually, only one chick survives to adulthood, though in some cases as many as three will successfully fledge. After an incubation period around 39–45 days the chicks hatch. The chicks are altricial and covered in whitish-down on hatching. The eaglets fledge in August or early September. Adult plumage is attained at four years of age, but first breeding does not typically occur for another year or two. \n Steller's sea eagles hunt most commonly from a perch in a tree or rocky ledge located 5–30 m (16–98 ft) above the water, although they may also hunt on the wing, while circling 6–7 m (20–23 ft) above the water. Once located, prey is captured by diving. Eagles sometimes hunt by standing in or near shallow water on a sandbank, spit, or ice-flow, grabbing passing fish. It is reported that, compared to its white-tailed and bald eagle relatives, Steller's sea eagle is a more \"aggressive, powerful, and active\" raptor. Where feeding occurs in groups, kleptoparasitism is common. Kleptoparasitism is most beneficial in procuring food during periods of food abundance and in large feeding aggregations. Immatures use kleptoparasitism as much as adults, but are attacked more often by adults than birds of similar age. Adults appear to benefit most from this behavior. The bold color patterns of adults may be an important signal influencing the formation of feeding groups. However, a video from Russia shows a juvenile Steller's sea eagle aggressively displacing an adult from food during a protracted battle. Outside the breeding period, these eagles probably roost communally near their feeding sites. When salmon and trout are dying in winter after their summer spawning, feeding groups of Steller's sea eagles may mix with smaller golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) and white-tailed eagles to exploit this food source. This area is the only one in the golden eagle's nearly circumpolar range where they are extensively dependent on fish for prey. \n Eggs and very small nestlings can be preyed on by arboreal mammals, such as sables and ermine, and birds, usually corvids. Any of these small, clever nest predators rely on distraction and stealth to prey on the eagle's nests and are killed if caught by either of the parents. Once it reaches roughly adult size in the fledging stage, few predators can threaten this species. In one case, a brown bear (Ursus arctos) was able to access a nest located on a rock formation and ate a fledging eaglet, though this is believed to be exceptional. Fully grown fledgings in tree nests are probably invulnerable to predation. Excluding the Asian black bear (Ursus thibetanus), which has not thus far been recorded as a predator, no other mammalian carnivores are equal to or greater than the eagle's size which can climb trees in the species' range. Due primarily to egg predation and nest collapses, only 45–67% of eggs are successfully reared to adulthood and up to 25% of nestlings may be lost. However, once fully grown, the eagle has no natural predators. \n A 1996 Analysis of the cytochrome b gene of mitochondrial DNA showed that Steller's sea eagle diverged from a lineage that gave rise to the bald eagle and white-tailed eagle around 3 to 4 million years ago. All three have yellow eyes, beaks, and talons, unlike their next-closest relative Pallas' sea eagle. \n In Kamchatka, 320 pairs have been recorded. An additional 89 nesting areas are not monitored. In the mountains of Koryakan and along the Bay of Penshina, over 1,200 pairs breed and at least 1,400 juveniles occur. About 500 pairs live in the Khabarovsk region of the Okhostsk coast, and 100 on the Shantar Islands. Another 600 pairs occur in the lower Amur. About 280 pairs are on Sakhalin Island and a few on the Kurile Islands. The total population is around 3,200 breeding pairs. Possibly, up to 3,500 birds winter on Kamchatka, and another roughly 2,000 may occur on Hokkaido. On the whole, the species' outlook is favorable. Outside the breeding range, food bases in the principal wintering areas are so far secure. \n This species was first described as Aquila pelagica by Prussian naturalist Peter Simon Pallas, in 1811. The species name is the Ancient Greek pelagos \"the open sea/ocean\". Dutch naturalist Coenraad Jacob Temminck named it Falco leucopterus \"white winged eagle\" in 1824, and Heinrich von Kittlitz called it Falco imperator in 1832. George Robert Gray moved the species into the genus Haliaeetus in 1849.",
"This species was first described as Aquila pelagica by Prussian naturalist Peter Simon Pallas, in 1811. The species name is the Ancient Greek pelagos \"the open sea/ocean\". Dutch naturalist Coenraad Jacob Temminck named it Falco leucopterus \"white winged eagle\" in 1824, and Heinrich von Kittlitz called it Falco imperator in 1832. George Robert Gray moved the species into the genus Haliaeetus in 1849. \n Kleptoparasitism is sometimes recorded within the species. Occasionally, the smaller species may steal a fish away from the Steller's, especially if it is distracted by aggression from conspecifics, and both juvenile and adult Steller's may lose fish to the smaller species even face-to-face, especially a less assertive bird, such as immature Steller's. One video shows a golden eagle engaging an immature Steller's in a conflict and ultimately displacing it after maintaining a superior grip despite its smaller size. In other cases, the Steller's have been photographed coming away with the prey after using its superior size to dominate, usually by bearing down its mass and large bill over the smaller eagles. In other cases, though, the three eagle species have been observed to feed in close proximity and seem to be outwardly indifferent to each other's presence. In inland areas, where golden, bald and white-tailed eagles compete over food sources which are not as abundant as these fish and, more importantly, compete for nesting ranges, aggressive interspecies competition can be more common. White-tailed eagles and golden eagles have even killed one another in Scotland, in cases of competition for abutting nesting ranges. As in many sea and fish eagles, Steller's sea eagle may attempt to steal (and occasionally succeed in procuring) fish from osprey (Pandion haliaetus) where they coexist. In one case, a cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus), the largest living accipitrid, was observed to be pursued in flight and kleptoparasitized by a Steller's sea eagle. \n The large body size (see also Bergmann's rule) and distribution of Steller's sea eagle suggests it is a glacial relict, meaning it evolved in a narrow subarctic zone of the northeasternmost Asian coasts, which shifted its latitude according to ice age cycles, and never occurred anywhere else. Nests are built on large rocky outcroppings or at the tops of large trees on the coast and alongside large rivers with mature trees. Habitat with large Erman's birches (Betula ermanii) and floodplain forests of larches, alders, willows and poplar are preferred. Some eagles, especially those that nest in sea coast, may not migrate. The timing, duration, and extent of migration depends on ice conditions and food availability. On Kamchatka, eagles overwinter in forests and river valleys near the coast, but are irregularly distributed over the peninsula. Most wintering birds there appear to be residential adults. Steller's sea eagles that do migrate fly down to winter in rivers and wetlands in Japan, but will occasionally move to mountainous inland areas as opposed to the sea coast. Each winter, drifting ice on the Sea of Okhotsk drives thousands of eagles south. Ice reaches Hokkaido in late January. Eagle numbers peak in the Nemuro Strait in late February. On Hokkaido, eagles concentrate in coastal areas and on lakes near the coast, along with substantial numbers of white-tailed eagles. Eagles depart between late March and late April, adults typically leaving before immatures. Migrants tend to follow sea coasts and are usually observed flying singly. In groups, migrants are typically observed flying 100–200 m (330–660 ft) apart. On Kamchatka, most migrants are birds in transitional plumages. They are also occasionally seen flying over the northern ocean or perching on sea ice during the winter. \n Steller's sea eagle \n--- \nIn Weltvogelpark Walsrode \nConservation status \nVulnerable (IUCN 3.1) \nScientific classification \nKingdom: | Animalia \nPhylum: | Chordata \nClass: | Aves \nOrder: | Accipitriformes \nFamily: | Accipitridae \nGenus: | Haliaeetus \nSpecies: | H. pelagicus \nBinomial name \nHaliaeetus pelagicus (Pallas, 1811) \nbreeding only",
"resident all year winter only vagrant range \n \nSynonyms \n \nAquila pelagica (Pallas, 1811) Falco leucopterus Temminck, 1824 Falco imperatorKittl., 1832 Thalassaetus pelagicus (Pallas) \n Steller's sea eagle (Haliaeetus pelagicus) is a large diurnal bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. It was originally described by Peter Simon Pallas in 1811. No subspecies are recognised. A sturdy eagle, it has dark brown plumage with white wings and tail, and yellow beak and talons. On average, it is the heaviest eagle in the world, at about 5 to 9 kg (11 to 20 lb), but may be below the harpy eagle (Harpia harpyja) and Philippine eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi) in some standard measurements. \n Steller's sea eagle mainly feeds on fish. Their favored prey in river habitats are salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) and trout. Among these, pink salmon (O. gorbuscha) and chum salmon (O. keta) are reportedly favored, sometimes intensely supplemented by grayling (Thymallus thymallus) and three-spined stickleback (Gastrossteus aculeatus). While pink and chum salmon average approximately 2,200 and 5,000 g (4.9 and 11.0 lb) in mature mass, respectively, Steller's sea eagle not infrequently preys on fish up to 6,000 to 7,000 g (13 to 15 lb). In coastal areas, nesting eagles may feed on Bering wolffish (Anarchichas orientalis), Hemitripterus villosus, smooth lumpfish (Aptocyclus ventricosus) and Myoxocephalus spp. Like most Haliaeetus eagles, they hunt fish almost exclusively in shallow water. Relatively large numbers of these normally solitary birds can be seen congregating on particularly productive spawning rivers in August through September due to an abundant food supply. On Kamchatka, aggregations of as many as 700 eagles have been reported, though much smaller groups are the norm. In summer, live fish, typically in the range of 20 to 30 cm (7.9 to 11.8 in) in length, are fed to the young at the nest. Normally, the parents catch about two or three fish for the young to eat each day. In autumn, when many salmon die after spawning, dead fish tend to be consumed more often than live ones, and these are the main food for Steller's sea eagles that overwinter in inland rivers with unfrozen waters. On Hokkaido, eagles are attracted by abundant Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) which peak in the Rausu Sea and the Nemuro Straits in February. This resource supports an important commercial fishery which in turn helps to support eagles. Alaska pollock (Theragra chalcogramma), along with the cod, is the most important food source for wintering eagles in Japan. These eagles may walk boldly within a few feet of fishermen when both are capturing fish during winter, but only familiar ones they have encountered previously:they behave warily and keep their distance if strangers are present. \n This species is monotypic, although a dubious subspecies has been named; H. p. niger. The latter name was given to the population which lacked white feathers except for the tail and supposedly was resident all year in Korea. Last seen in 1968 and long believed to be extinct, a female matching H. p. niger in appearance was hatched in captivity in 2001. Both its parents had typical coloration, indicating that H. p. niger is an extremely rare morph rather than a valid subspecies, as had been suggested earlier. \n The downy plumage of chicks is silky white on hatching, though it soon turns a smoky brown-grey. As in other sea eagles, remiges and rectrices of the first-year plumage are longer than those of adults. Juvenile plumage is largely a uniform dark brown with occasional grey-brown streaking about the head and the neck, white feather bases, and light mottling on the rectrices. The tail of the immature eagle is white with black mottling distally. The young Steller's sea eagle has a dark brown iris, whitish legs, and blackish-brown beak. Through at least three intermediate plumages, mottling in the tail decreases, body and wing feathering acquires a bronze cast, and the eye and bill lighten in colour. Definitive plumage is probably reached in the fifth year of life, based on fragmentary data from captives. First and intermediate plumages are difficult to distinguish from those of the white-tailed eagle, which co-occurs in the entire breeding range of the Steller's. \n \"Steller's sea eagle\" has been designated the official name by the International Ornithologists' Union (IOC). It is named after the German naturalist Georg Wilhelm Steller. It is also known as Steller's fish eagle, Pacific sea eagle or white-shouldered eagle. In Russian, the eagle has been called morskoi orel (sea eagle), pestryi morskoi orel (mottled sea eagle) or beloplechii orlan (white-shouldered eagle). In Japanese, it is called ō-washi (large eagle or great eagle). \n Steller's sea eagle breeds on the Kamchatka Peninsula, the coastal area around the Sea of Okhotsk, the lower reaches of the Amur River and on northern Sakhalin and the Shantar Islands, Russia. The majority of birds winter south of their breeding range, in the southern Kuril Islands, Russia and Hokkaidō, Japan. The Steller's sea eagle is less prone to vagrancy than the white-tailed eagle, as it lacks the long-range dispersal typical of juveniles of that species, but vagrant eagles have been found in North America, at locations including the Pribilof Islands and Kodiak Island, and inland in Asia to as far as Beijing in China and Yakutsk in Russia's Sakha Republic, and south to as far as Taiwan. \n Mammalian carnivores are apparently readily hunted. Those recorded as prey have included sable (Martes zibellina), American mink (Neovison vison), Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and small domestic dogs (Canis lupus domesticus). Smaller mammals have also been recorded as prey, including northern red-backed vole (Clethrionomys rutilus) and tundra vole (Microtus oeconomus). Carrion, especially that of mammals, is readily eaten during the winter. Around 35% of eagles wintering in Japan move inland and feed largely on mammalian carcasses, predominantly sika deer (Cervus nippon). In winter, immature Steller's sea eagles may frequent slaughterhouses to pirate bits of offal. This eagle has been recorded preying occasionally on young seals. It was estimated in one study (Brown & Amadon), that some seal pups carried off in flight by the eagles weighed at least 9.1 kg (20 lb), which (if true) would be the greatest load-carrying ever known for a bird; however, the prey weights were not verified. Often seals and sea lion of any size are eaten as carrion and, using the huge bill, may be dismembered where found rather than flown with.",
"Fish make up about 80% of the diet of eagles nesting in the Amur River; elsewhere, other prey form almost an equal proportion of the diet. Along the sea coast and in Kamchatka, water birds are the most common prey ... Water birds taken by this species include ducks, geese, swans, cranes, herons, and gulls. They also show a strong local preference for slaty-backed gulls (Larus schistisagus). Common and thick-billed murres (Uria aalge and U. lomvia, respectively) dominated the diet around the Sea of Okhotsk, followed by black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla), slaty-backed gulls, crested auklets (Aethia cristatella), and pelagic cormorants (Phalacrocorax capillatus). Small chicks of murres and cormorants were sometimes taken alive in Russia and brought back to nests, where they independently fed on remains of fish in the eagles' nests until they were killed themselves. In Russia, upland grouse, such as black-billed capercaillie (Tetrao parvirostris) and willow and rock ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus & L. muta) can be an important prey species; grouse are not typically taken by other Haliaeetus species. Other landbirds hunted by Steller's sea eagles have included short-eared owls (Asio flammeus), snowy owl (Bubo scandiaca), carrion crow (Corvus corone) and common raven (Corvus corax), as well as (rarely) smaller passerines. In one case, a Steller's sea eagle was observed feeding on a great albatross (genus Diomedea), a rare vagrant from the sub-Antarctic oceans. This sea eagle may supplement its diet with various mammals (especially hares), crabs, mussels, Nereis worms and squid when given the opportunity. \n As in most Haliaeetus eagles, the tarsus and tail are relatively short compared to other very large eagles at 95–100 mm (3.7–3.9 in) and 320–390 mm (13–15 in) in length, respectively, the Philippine eagle besting it by up to 40 mm (1.6 in) and 110 mm (4.3 in) apparently. In all sea and fish eagles, the toes are relatively short and stout, with the bottom of the foot covered in spiracles and the talons being relatively shorter and more strongly curved than in comparably sized eagles of forests and fields, such as the \"booted eagle\" group (i.e. Aquila) or \"harpy eagles\", all of these specializations developed in the aid of capturing fish rather than medium-sized mammals and large birds, although clearly these are not excluded from capture. As in all fish and sea eagles, as well as the majority of the world's fish-eating raptors, Steller's sea eagle has spiracles, which are bumpy waves all along the bottom of their feet, which allow them to hold fish that may otherwise slip out of their grasp. The feet are very powerful despite not bearing talons as long as those of a harpy eagle. In one case, a wildlife veteranian was badly injured when a female eagle grabbed his arm and embedded her talons, piercing through to the other side of his arm. The bill is large. The skull is around 14.6 cm (5.7 in) in total length, the culmen is from 62 to 75 mm (2.4 to 3.0 in) and the bill from the gape to the tip is around 117 mm (4.6 in). Steller's sea eagle's bill is probably the largest of any living eagle, just surpassing to the Philippine eagle with a sole known culmen measurement (from a mature female) of 72.2 mm (2.84 in), and are similar in robustness (if slightly shorter in culmen length) to those of the largest accipitrids, the Old World vultures. \n Steller's sea eagle is known to make a deep barking cry, ra-ra-ra-raurau, in aggressive interactions, its call similar to the white-tailed eagles but deeper. During the display at the beginning of the breeding season, they have been heard to make calls to each that sound like very loud, deep-voiced gulls. \n The mature Steller's sea eagle has mostly dark brown to black plumage, with strongly contrasting white on the lesser and median upper-wing coverts, underwing coverts, thighs, under-tail coverts and tail. Their diamond-shaped, white tails are relatively longer than those of the white-tailed eagle. The bold, pied coloration of adults may play some part in social hierarchies with other eagles of their own species during the nonbreeding season, although this has not been extensively studied. The eyes, the bill, and the feet of adults are yellow. \n This species is classified as vulnerable by the IUCN. They are legally protected, being classified as a National Treasure in Japan and mostly occurring in protected areas in Russia. However, many threats to their survival persist. These mainly include habitat alteration, industrial pollution, and overfishing, which in turn decrease their prey source. The current population is estimated at 5,000 and decreasing. It was observed that recent heavy flooding, which may have been an effect of global climate change, caused almost complete nesting failure for the eagles nesting in Russian rivers due to completely hampering the ability of the parents to capture the fish essential to their nestlings' survival. Persecution of the bird in Russia continues, due to its habit of stealing furbearers from trappers. Due to a lack of other accessible prey in some areas, increasingly, eagles on Hokkaido have moved inland and scavenged on sika deer carcasses left by hunters, exposing them to a risk of lead poisoning through ingestion of lead shot."
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"The Freudian Coverup The Freudian Cover-up is a theory first popularized by social worker Florence Rush in the 1970s, which asserts that Sigmund Freud intentionally ignored evidence that his patients were victims of sexual abuse. The theory argues that in developing his theory of infant sexuality, he misinterpreted his patients' claim of sexual abuse as symptoms of repressed incestuous desire. Therefore, Freud claimed that children who reported sexual abuse by adults had either imagined or fantasized the experience. Early within Freud's career, he believed that little girls often experienced sexual abuse, since most of his patients were predominantly women and consistently reported childhood instances of sexual molestation. Many of Freud's patients suffered from a common Victorian diagnosis, hysteria. Since his hysterical patients repeatedly reported sexual abuse, most often naming their fathers as the abusers, Freud drew a causal connection between sexual abuse and neurosis. This became the frame for the seduction theory, in which he pointed to a direct connection between sexual abuse in childhood and adult hysteria. According to Florence Rush, author of \"The Freudian Cover-up\", this repeated and persistent incrimination of fathers by his patients made him uneasy, and led him to abandon the seduction theory. More at ease with the fantasy rather than reality of sexual abuse, Freud was even more comfortable when he could name the mother rather than the father as the seducer. Hence, the \"Oedipal complex\" came into fruition. Other feminists who supported Rush's claims are Susan Brownmiller, Louise Armstrong, and Diana Russell. Before Freud could conclude that the seduction by fathers was a fantasy, he had to be rid of his earlier theory. Since men did not complain of maternal seduction Freud limited the imagined abuse to a specific female problem. To remove the responsibility from fathers, Freud found it necessary to undermine the perceptions of his female patients. Within the period between the 1970s and 1980s, and 1990s arguments were made that Freud abandoned his initial beliefs in women's accounts of abuse (the seduction theory), and replaced it with the Oedipal theory; this illustrates the ways in which he withheld or altered information from his patients, which is unacceptable in a professional context. \"The Freudian Cover-up\" exposed Freud’s theory, the refusal to name the offender, but furthermore, one man's attempt to hide illegal or immoral sex practices. It was within this time that Victorian men were permitted to indulge in forbidden sex, provided they managed to keep their indiscretions hidden. Freud, who regarded the incest taboo as vital to the advance of civilization, appeared to demand only that forbidden sex be practiced with tact and discretion so that the surface of Victorian respectability was in no way disturbed. Therefore, any attempt on the part of the child or her family to expose the violator exposes her own alleged innate sexual motives and shamed her more than the offender; concealment is her only recourse. The historian Peter Gay, author of \"\" (1988), emphasizes that Freud continued to believe that some patients were sexually abused, but realized that there was a difficulty in determining between truth and fiction. Therefore, according to Gay there was no sinister motive in changing his theory; Freud was a scientist seeking the facts and was entitled to change his views if new evidence was presented to him. A different criticism comes from Freud scholars who have examined the original documents and argue that the above account contains several misconceptions. Florence Rush based her account on Freud's later retrospective reports of the 1895-97 episode, which are seriously at variance with the original 1896 papers and other documents which show that it is not the case that Freud's female patients at that time consistently reported childhood instances of sexual molestation. Prior to the 1896 papers he had not reported a single instance of \"early childhood\" sexual abuse (and very few cases of any kind of sexual abuse). The very essence of the seduction theory entailed that only \"unconscious\" memories of early childhood sexual abuse could result in hysterical or obsessional symptoms, which is inconsistent with the notion of patients coming to him with \"reports\" of childhood sexual abuse; on Freud's theory the putative memories were deeply repressed and not accessible to consciousness in normal circumstances. (It is also the case that Freud's 1896 clinical claims were not restricted to women: in the 1896 \"Aetiology\" paper one third of the patients were men.) Freud twice stated that he would be presenting the clinical evidence for his claims, but he never did so, which critics have argued means that his clinical claims have had to be taken largely on trust. Numerous Freud scholars and academics have voiced serious doubts about the validity of his claim in 1896 to have uncovered \"unconscious memories\" (later unconscious fantasies) of infantile sexual abuse, mostly below the age of four. Rush is often seen to be the founder of the recovered memory movement. This has been criticised as characterised by both a completely uncritical acceptance of accusations of abuse and an active encouragement of the invention of memories of abuse. There are some who are very critical of Freud, such as Richard Webster, who are also critical of Rush. The Freudian Coverup The Freudian Cover-up is a theory first popularized by social worker Florence Rush in the 1970s, which asserts that Sigmund Freud intentionally ignored evidence that his patients were victims of sexual abuse. The theory argues that"
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"North Bangkok University F.C. North Bangkok University Football Club (Thai สโมสรฟุตบอลมหาวิทยาลัยนอร์ทกรุงเทพ), is a Thailand football club based in Bangkok. They currently play in Thai League 4 Bangkok & field Region. Their first season in the 2010 Thai Division 2 League Bangkok & field Region almost proved successful. A victory in their last game over Bangkok F.C. would have earned North Bangkok College a top two finish and a chance to enter the 2010 Regional League Division 2 playoffs. North Bangkok College were leading Bangkok F.C. 1-0 in their final game but with 15 minutes left to play, Bangkok F.C. equalized to earn a 1-1 draw and at the same time clinch top place in the league. North Bangkok College finished 5th in the table. In 2011, the club finished as runner-up to Kasetsart in the Bangkok Division 2 and qualified for the Division 2 playoffs. The timing of the playoffs coincided with the 2011 floods so the Horsemen were forced to seek alternative home venues as theirs was flooded. It did not bode well as North Bangkok only won one game and collected six points. In the following season, North Bangkok could not regain their 2011 form and finished 6th in the Bangkok league and season 2017 they have made the history they have won the Thai League 4. North Bangkok University F.C. North Bangkok University Football Club (Thai สโมสรฟุตบอลมหาวิทยาลัยนอร์ทกรุงเทพ), is a Thailand football club based in Bangkok. They currently play in Thai League 4 Bangkok & field Region. Their first season in the 2010 Thai Division 2 League Bangkok & field Region almost proved successful. A victory in their last game over Bangkok F.C. would have earned North Bangkok College a top two finish and a chance to enter the 2010 Regional League Division 2 playoffs. North Bangkok College"
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"Bosco Hogan Bosco Hogan (born 1949) is an Irish stage, film, and television actor. He is well known as the character Dr. Michael Ryan on the television programme \"Ballykissangel\". He appeared in a minor role as convicted felon George Saden in John Boorman's film \"Zardoz\" (1973), but his first major film role was as Stephen Dedalus in Joseph Strick's \"A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man\" (1977), a film adaptation of James Joyce's novel of the same name. His later film credits include roles in \"The Outsider\" (1980), \"Screamtime\" (1983), \"In the Name of the Father\" (1993), \"Evelyn\" (2002) and \"King Arthur\" (2004). On television he played Jonathan Harker in the 1977 TV version of \"Count Dracula\" with Louis Jourdan; Frederick, Duke of York in \"Prince Regent\" in 1979; and Edward Ferrars in the 1981 adaptation of \"Sense and Sensibility\". He was a senior policeman for several episodes of the television programme, \"The Chief\" (1995). Hogan appeared in the play \"A Cry from Heaven\" by Vincent Woods at the Abbey Theatre in the summer of 2005. He portrayed St. John Fisher in the 2007 season of \"The Tudors\" television programme on the Showtime channel. He played a cardinal once again in \"The Borgias\" (2011), as Cardinal Piccolomini. Hogan also appears in Season 5 of the television series \"Vikings\" (History Channel, 2017) as Lord Abbot at Lindisfarne monastery. Bosco Hogan Bosco Hogan (born 1949) is an Irish stage, film, and television actor. He is well known as the character Dr. Michael Ryan on the television programme \"Ballykissangel\". He appeared in a minor role as convicted felon George Saden in John Boorman's film \"Zardoz\" (1973), but his first major film role was as Stephen Dedalus in Joseph Strick's \"A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man\" (1977), a film"
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"James Madison–William & Mary football rivalry The James Madison–William & Mary football rivalry between the James Madison Dukes and the William & Mary Tribe is a match-up between two public universities, James Madison University and the College of William and Mary, in the state of Virginia as well as members of the Colonial Athletic Association. The football series began in 1978 and has been played a total of 41 times as of 2018. Previously, the game has been a divisional game in the CAA South, and conference game in the Yankee Conference and Atlantic 10 beginning with the Dukes entry in 1993. During this period, the teams have combined for two national championships (JMU in 2004 and 2016) and eleven conference championships (JMU in 1999, 2004, 2008, 2015, 2016, 2017; W&M in 1996, 2001, 2004, 2010, 2015). All of James Madison's home games have been hosted at Bridgeforth Stadium in Harrisonburg, Virginia while William & Mary has hosted its contests at Zable Stadium in Williamsburg, Virginia; as of 2018, no games have been played on a neutral field. The most recent game was played on September 22, 2018 with James Madison defeating William & Mary, 51–0. James Madison–William & Mary"
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"The Bangerz The Bangerz are a six-member production and DJ group originating in San Jose, California, and now based in Las Vegas, Los Angeles, and the Bay Area. They have released three studio albums, two of which are the official scores for live stage shows by the group Jabbawockeez, who were named MTV’s \"America’s Best Dance Crew\" Champions in 2008. The Bangerz have collaborated with groups as diverse as San Jose Taiko, a Japanese drumming ensemble, and have toured with groups such as Afrika Bambaataa, Clipse, ?uestlove (of The Roots), Raekwon, Ghostface, Carlos Mencia and DJ Z-Trip. The Bangerz were founded as a six-person production and DJ supergroup in San Jose, California. All the members, including Goldenchyld, Replay, Nick Ngo, Cutso, Squareweezy, and G-Wrex, had attended Silver Creek High School together. All six members had previously been parts of different DJ collectives. DJ Cutso, for example, had started mixing after learning from his uncle at eight years old, and based a lot of his early music on Depeche Mode, Kraftwerk, OMD, and Pet Shop Boys. According to Cutso, \"Growing up in San Jose, there was a strong presence of mobile DJs, dance groups and mix-shows on the radio. So growing up in that environment really struck a nerve with me, and I decided to get a little more serious about it when my friends started taking an interest in it.\" On October 24, 1998, Cutso invited a number of DJ friends to his 17th birthday party. According to Cutso, \"We had a bit of an impromptu showcase that night. We jammed in front of the whole party and everyone was super juiced on it. That following Monday at school, we assembled what would eventually become the Fingerbangerz Crew.\" The Fingerbangerz originally formed \"for the sake of battling,\" and later began to DJ parties. As the only 6-person DJ and production team to make and perform music, they were the first DJ group to utilize a 12-turntable team routine in 1999. They've stated, \"we entered every local record store, high school and car show battle under that name. Our plan was to just dominate the battle scene, and that’s exactly what we did.\" The Bangerz were named the 2001 DMC Regional Champions and 2000 International Turntablist Federation Western Hemisphere Team Champions, also winning the Red Bull 3-Style Bay Area DJ Competition. The group came out with a mixtape called \"Robot Remains\", which debuted at #7 on the electronic charts on iTunes. After releasing several mixtapes and winning various DJ battles, they started \"producing our own brand of scratch-infused experimental music.\" After 2003, the \"finger\" aspect of the name was dropped to make the group more accessible to a younger crowd. The group released their first album, \"VI-R-US\", in 2003. Released independently, it widened their fanbase as far as Japan and brought them more fully to the attention of Jabbawockeez, a hip-hop dance crew who had started dancing to Bangerz tracks in 2003. According to Cutso, \"We grew up with one of the Jabbawockeez’ former members, Wish One. They were forming the Jabbawockeez around the same time we released our first album, VI.R.US, in 2003. He showed it to them, and they used it for some of their routines. They built their signature style around all of the chaos and intricacies of our music.\" Their official connection with the dance group started around 2007, when they were about to be named MTV’s \"America's Best Dance Crew (season 1)\" Champions. The Jabbawockeez commissioned the Bangerz to create all their original music, and after winning \"ABDC\", they began collaborating on a Vegas dance show. On March 1st, 2011 the Bangerz released the LP \"Müs.I.C.\" It charted directly behind Daft Punk’s \"\" on iTunes upon its release. The first single from the 14 tracks, \"Robot Remains,\" had climbed to the number seven electronic song on iTunes after its release in October 2010. The tracks had been used as a live soundtrack for over a year by the JabbaWockeez at the Monte Carlo Resort & Casino in Las Vegas, and the overall album was three years in the making. After \"MÜS.I.C.\", the Bangerz began collaborating on the new stage show PRiSM with the Jabbawockeez in Las Vegas. It became the third largest show in the city, only behind the Blue Man Group and Cirque du Soleil. The score to the show, also titled \"PRiSM\", was released as an LP on June 25, 2013. The single from the album, \"Beam,\" premiered several weeks earlier. As of 2011, everyone in the crew are full-time musicians and DJs. Group member Replay, for example, has produced tracks for Diplo, Kelis and Chris Brown on his single \"Look At Me Now.\" Their music has appeared in advertisements for McDonald's, Sprint, The Sims, The Simpsons Game, the 2009 NBA All Star Game, \"America's Best Dance Crew (season 1)\", and Pepsi. As of June 2013, their music was being featured in two Microsoft commercials. The Bangerz have toured with and opened for artists such as Afrika Bambaataa, The Clipse, ?uestlove (of The Roots), Raekwon, Ghostface, Kid Koala, The Rapture, and Little Dragon, also touring with Carlos Mencia and DJ Z-Trip both nationally and internationally. The New Orleans’ Voodoo Fest was their first festival, and they also performed at the first Fader Fest. They've also worked with artists out of San Jose like rappers Rey Resurreccion and Don Prahfit, as well as American born, Japan based rapper Paulie Rhyme. In early 2013 the group was solicited by the director of the film \"Project X\" to produce a track for their party soundtrack. The Bangerz held a collaborative show at the Montgomery Theater on June 15, 2013 with the Japanese-American drumming group San Jose Taiko, after first performing with them at the 2010 SubZERO festival. Kumi daiko, a new style that evolved to include American and Japanese drumming techniques and genres, originated in San Francisco in 1968. Started in 1973, San Jose Taiko is the third-oldest American taiko group. About their method, \"It's a lot of experimenting,\" says Bello, \"We record everything, and then if something cool comes from it, we'll expand on it and make it a song.\" According to the group, \"Nick Ngo loves aggressive sounds, bringing harder, meaner sounds and throwing in production tricks and off-kilter sounds. Cutso’s crates go deeper and weirder; he’s a master of beat-juggling and unexpected flips. Goldenchyld‘s vision harmonizes the group’s sound with futuristic ideas. Squareweezy is an experimentalist and a showman, heavy into where hip-hop and electronica meet and takes notes from genre figureheads like J Dilla and FlyLo. G-Wrex makes sure the music has depth, his love of RnB and soul automatically serves him in grounding the group. And Replay [brings] a glossy pop sheen to every track. Starting around 2009, the group have done most of their performing on Serato and Ableton, with much of their production work on Ableton. Squareweezy uses an Akai MPC (an MPC2000XL) and the Roland SP-404 in live shows. They also use Native Instruments products. The Bangerz The Bangerz are a six-member production and DJ group originating in San Jose, California, and now based in Las Vegas, Los Angeles, and the Bay Area. They have released three studio albums,"
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"Hurry Sundown (Peter, Paul and Mary song) \"Hurry Sundown\" is a 1966 song written by Yip Harburg and Earl Robinson, and first recorded by the folk music trio Peter, Paul and Mary. The song was commissioned by director Otto Preminger, who wanted a theme song for his 1967 film \"Hurry Sundown\". Preminger contacted Robinson, who began working on the song, then visited Harburg for help with the lyrics. Harburg was not interested in the financial contract, but nonetheless assisted with shaping the song. Preminger chose not to use the song. However, Milt Okun, who was at that point the arranger for Peter, Paul and Mary, heard \"Hurry Sundown\" and suggested it to the group. They recorded the song and released it on their 1966 album \"The Peter, Paul and Mary Album\". The song was the second single released from the album, after \"The Other Side of This Life\". It was released on January 14, 1967, and reached #37 on the \"Billboard\" Easy Listening chart, as well as #123 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart. A group of uncredited musicians provided the brass section for this song. The single version omits the brass section, as well as the third verse, which the time length runs 2:10. \"Hurry Sundown\" was one of eight songs nominated for the Best Folk Recording Grammy Award in 1967; the song lost to Cortelia Clark's \"Blues in the Street\". \"Hurry Sundown\" was also recorded by: Hurry Sundown (Peter, Paul and Mary song) \"Hurry Sundown\" is a 1966 song written by Yip Harburg and Earl Robinson, and first recorded by the folk music trio Peter, Paul and Mary. The song was commissioned by director Otto Preminger, who wanted a theme song for his 1967 film \"Hurry Sundown\". Preminger contacted Robinson, who began working on the song,"
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"Greater Montreal Real Estate Board The Greater Montréal Real Estate Board (GMREB), or Chambre immobilière du Grand Montréal (Fr), is the second largest real estate board in Canada. Created in 1954, the Greater Montréal Real Estate Board (GMREB) is a not-for-profit association that represents almost all of the 10,000 real estate brokers in the Montréal Metropolitan Area. The GMREB is the second largest real estate board in Canada and one of the 20 largest boards in North America. The GMREB plays a role in representing its members among government authorities, the media, the public and various industry-related associations. It regularly issues press releases on a broad range of real estate topics, as well as monthly statistics for the real estate market. In 2013, GMREB voted to break away from the Canadian Real Estate Association, and removed all listings from their national website, Realtor.ca. However, as of November 2018, CREA displays real estate listings from Montreal on their website. Greater Montreal Real Estate Board The Greater Montréal Real Estate Board (GMREB), or Chambre immobilière du Grand Montréal (Fr), is the second largest real estate board in Canada. Created in 1954, the Greater Montréal Real Estate Board (GMREB) is a not-for-profit association"
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"Masood Jhandir Research Library The Masood Jhandir Research Library (), is the largest private library of Pakistan situated at a small village Sardar Pur Jhandir in the Mailsi Tehsil, Vehari District. It was established in 1899 by a great scholar and poet, Malik Ghulam Muhammad (1865–1936). MJRL has the following collection: Table 1 Collection of the Library Sr. Collection Details No. 1. Total No of books: 120,000 2. Periodicals Ref: Library Philosophy and Practice (LPP) available at http://unllib.unl.edu/LPP/shafique-rehman-mukhtar.htm It is a non-lending research library. It offers many services to Research Scholars. As this library is located at a small village, this library also provide lodging facility to its users too Masood Jhandir Research Library The Masood Jhandir Research Library (), is the largest private library of Pakistan situated at a small village Sardar Pur Jhandir in the Mailsi Tehsil, Vehari District. It was established in 1899 by a great scholar and poet, Malik Ghulam Muhammad (1865–1936). MJRL has the following collection: Table 1 Collection of the Library Sr. Collection Details No. 1. Total No of books: 120,000 2. Periodicals Ref: Library Philosophy and Practice (LPP) available at http://unllib.unl.edu/LPP/shafique-rehman-mukhtar.htm It is a non-lending research library. It offers many services to Research"
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"Kalamazoo Christian High School Kalamazoo Christian High School is a private Christian high school in Kalamazoo, Michigan, serving students from ninth through twelfth grades. The history of Christian education in Kalamazoo starts with the establishment of the first Kalamazoo Christian elementary school in 1877 by the Walnut Street Church. The first Christian high school in Kalamazoo was established in 1939. The high school moved to its current campus in 1960. In November 1992 the Kalamazoo Christian High School and four K-8 Schools joined together to form the Kalamazoo Christian School Association. In 1997, a teacher was fired from his teaching position at Kalamazoo Christian High School for holding views about homosexuality that the Kalamazoo Christian Schools Association Board found to be \"unbiblical.\" At the time, the teacher had been at the school for thirty years. The school's mascot is Kaptain Comet, with its teams being called The Comets. The school's colors are purple and gold. The Comets are part of the Kalamazoo Valley Association. The following MHSAA-sanctioned sports are offered with both boys and girls teams (unless specified): Kalamazoo Christian High School Kalamazoo Christian High School is a private Christian high school in Kalamazoo, Michigan, serving students from ninth through"
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"Glasgow University Conservative Association Glasgow University Conservative Association (shortened to GUCUA) was founded in 1836 at the University of Glasgow, and is the oldest University Conservative association in the United Kingdom. It was formed as a branch of the Federation of Conservative Students and of the Young Conservatives, and remains affiliated to the Scottish Conservative Party. Its main aim was to promote Conservative principles in the University with special emphasis on student and University politics. Its original name was the Peel Club, and it was formed after Robert Peel's 1836 election as Rector of Glasgow University. In 1852 it changed its name to Glasgow University Conservative Club, which it remained for 120 years, renaming itself Glasgow University Conservative Association in 1972. A particular aim of the Club, as stated in the 1972 Constitution, was to preserve the dignity of the Rectorial Chair of the University by promoting prominent Conservatives to occupy the position. This has resulted in many famous Conservative candidates, the most notable of whom was Benjamin Disraeli, who was elected to the three-year term in 1871 and 1874. Today, the Association operates as a forum for students to discuss Conservative politics and participate in events and campaigning in Glasgow and further afield around Scotland. The Association is affiliated with the national Conservative Party through Conservative Future Scotland which brings together associations of young conservatives throughout Scotland, mainly through university groups. The Association is operated by the Executive, which comprises the President, Honorary Secretary and Honorary Treasurer elected on an annual basis at the association's Annual General Meeting in May. It also has three honorary positions. The Current Honorary President is Ruth Davidson with Struan Stevenson and James MacLeod serving as Honorary Vice Presidents. The Association executive organises a range of events throughout the academic year. This includes the Annual St Andrew's Dinner held every year in November, political discussions and other social events. The Association also regularly campaigns for the Conservative Party for elections at all levels across the country. In 2011, the Association embarked upon a project to identify all the previous presidents and other office bearers of the Association. The project is expected to take at least a year to complete. Members of the Association were featured in a documentary that charted the campaign in East Renfrewshire in the run-up to the 2010 general election. The Association's annual St Andrew's dinner in November 2010 attracted media attention as people opposing government policies on higher education protested outside with Police being called and three protestors being arrested. Members of the Association have also appeared in national press and have given interviews for TV news as well. Glasgow University Conservative Association Glasgow University Conservative Association (shortened to GUCUA) was founded in 1836 at the University of Glasgow, and is the oldest University Conservative association in the United Kingdom. It was formed as a branch of the Federation of Conservative Students and of the Young Conservatives, and remains affiliated to the Scottish Conservative Party. Its main aim was to"
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"Bitch We Have a Problem Tour Bitch We Have a Problem Tour was a concert tour in support of Korn's eighth studio album. The tour featured 25 shows (plus 1 offset show) in North America and 33 shows in Europe for a combined total of 58 shows. Hellyeah (until October 23), Droid, Five Finger Death Punch, and Flyleaf were the support acts for the North American leg of the tour. The tour began on September 27, 2007 in Reno, Nevada and the first leg of the tour was completed on October 27, 2007 in Seattle, Washington. The support acts for the Australian part of the tour were Biohazard, Chimaira, Throwdown, and Bloodsimple. The setlist for this tour changed extensively between legs, but was otherwise reasonably stable. The band played songs from across their back catalogue as well as new ones from their untitled album. Several of the band's biggest hits, including \"Got the Life\", were often omitted in favour of more obscure tracks. This is the only tour in which songs from the untitled album were played live. Although, the song \"Hold On\" was performed live once in 2011. On August 29, 2007, the complete list of cities for the first leg of the tour were released on Korn.com. The Portland, Oregon show was canceled due to 'logistical and production issues beyond the band's control'. Flyleaf and Swedish band Deathstars will join Korn as support acts on the second leg of the tour. On September 26, 2007, Deathstar's website released the dates for the second leg of the tour. On January 16, 2008 it was announced, via Korn.com, that James \"Munky\" Shaffer would be leaving the European tour 'for both personal and family reasons'. Shane Gibson later posted on Kornspace.com that Munky's father had become ill and he went home to be with his family. Munky, however has returned for Milan concert on February 23 and has continued to tour since. Bitch We Have a Problem Tour Bitch We Have a Problem Tour was a concert tour in support of Korn's eighth studio album. The tour featured 25 shows (plus 1 offset show) in North America and 33 shows in Europe for a combined total of 58 shows. Hellyeah (until October 23), Droid, Five Finger Death Punch, and Flyleaf were the support acts for the North American leg of the tour. The tour began on September 27, 2007 in Reno,"
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"Zarzma monastery The Zarzma Monastery of Transfiguration (, \"zarzmis p'erists'valebis monasteri\") is a medieval Orthodox Christian monastery located at the village of Zarzma in Samtskhe-Javakheti region, southwest Georgia. The Zarzma monastery is nested in the forested river valley of Kvabliani in the Adigeni municipality, 30 km west of the city of Akhaltsikhe. It is the complex of a series of buildings dominated by a domed church and a belfry, one of the largest in Georgia. The earliest church on the site was probably built in the 8th century, by the monk Serapion whose life is related in the hagiographic novel by Basil of Zarzma. According to his source, the great nobleman Giorgi Chorchaneli made significant donation – including villages and estates – to the monastery. The extant edifice dates from the early years of the 14th century, however. Its construction was sponsored by Beka I, Prince of Samtskhe and Lord High Mandator of Georgia of the Jaqeli family. What has survived from the earlier monastery is the late 10th-century Georgian inscription inserted in the chapel's entrance arch. The inscription reports the military aid rendered by Georgian nobles to the Byzantine emperor Basil II against the rebellious general Bardas Sclerus in 979. In 1544, the new patrons of the monastery – the Khursidze family – refurnished the monastery. The façades of the church are richly decorated and the interior is frescoed. Apart from the religious cycles of the murals there are a series of portraits of the 14th-century Jaqeli family as well as of the historical figures of the 16th century. After the Ottoman conquest of the area later in the 16th century, the monastery was abandoned and lay in disrepair until the early 20th century, when it was reconstructed, but some of the unique characteristics of the design were lost in the process. Currently, the monastery is functional and houses a community of Georgian monks. It is also the site of pilgrimage and tourism. A smaller replica of the Zarzma church, known as Akhali Zarzma (\"New Zarzma\") is located in the same municipality, near Abastumani. It was commissioned by Grand Duke George Alexandrovich, a member of the Russian imperial family, from the Tbilisi-based architect Otto Jacob Simons who built it between 1899 and 1902, marrying a medieval Georgian design with the contemporaneous architectural forms. Its interior was frescoed by the Russian painter Mikhail Nesterov. Zarzma monastery The Zarzma Monastery of"
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"2010 Davis Cup Americas Zone Group III The Americas Zone was one of the three zones of regional Davis Cup competition in 2010. It was divided into four groups. Teams in Group III competed for promotion to Group II for 2011, and to avoid demotion to Group IV. The Group III tournament was held in the Week commencing July 7, 2010 in San Juan, Puerto Rico, on outdoor hard courts. The eight teams were split into two groups and played in a round-robin format. The top two teams of each group advanced to the promotion pool, where the two top teams were promoted to the Americas Zone Group II in 2011. The last two placed teams of each group from the preliminary round were relegated into the relegation pool, where the two bottom teams were relegated to the Americas Zone Group IV in 2011. The top two teams from each of Group A and B advanced to the Promotion pool. Results and points from games against the opponent from the preliminary round were carried forward. Puerto Rico and Haiti promoted to Group II for 2011. The bottom team from Group A and the bottom two from Group B were placed in the relegation group. Results and points from games against the opponent from the preliminary round were carried forward. Bermuda demoted to Group IV. 2010 Davis Cup Americas Zone Group III The Americas Zone was one of the three zones of regional Davis Cup competition in 2010. It was divided into four groups. Teams in Group III competed for promotion to Group II for 2011, and to avoid demotion to Group IV. The Group III tournament was held in the Week commencing July 7, 2010 in San Juan, Puerto Rico, on outdoor hard courts. The eight teams were split into"
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"Eye Weekly Eye Weekly was a free weekly newspaper published in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was owned by Torstar, the parent company of the \"Toronto Star\", and was published by their Star Media Group until its final issue on May 5, 2011. The following week, Torstar launched a successor publication, \"The Grid\". \"Eye Weekly\" began publishing on October 10, 1991. The content was first posted online via Usenet in March 1994, and its website launched in October 1994, becoming one of the first publications to put its content online. It had an audited circulation of 120,000 copies, as of a 2005-2007 report. However, total readership began to decline in 2003. The founding managing editor was offbeat \"Toronto Star\" writer William Burrill. Burrill was replaced in 1993 by Bill Reynolds, previously the music editor, while Burrill stayed on as a columnist until returning to the \"Toronto Star\" in 1998. In 2002, in the middle of a series of resignations and dismissals, editorial employees were told that they would be taking assignments from the marketing department, at which point editors and writers resigned in protest. Catherine Tunnacliffe was named managing editor, and was later promoted to the position of publisher in 2005; former intern/music editor Stuart Berman was promoted to the senior editor position. However, following the hiring of former Eye Society columnist Alan Vernon to the newly created editorial director position, Tunnacliffe left in 2006 to work for the parent company. In late 2008, Berman moved to the new online editor position to oversee the eyeweekly.com website; former intern/city editor Edward Keenan was promoted to the senior editor position. In its short time, the publication boasted three distinct logos. \"Eye Weekly\" also made a transition from a mostly irreverent alternative newsweekly focused on acerbic commentary and rock and roll, to an emphasis on youthful gay and nightlife subcultures, then a renewed focus on cinema and municipal issues. While the publication was officially referred to as \"EYE WEEKLY\", logos have displayed names such as \"eYe WEEKLY\", and just plain \"eye\". The publication's final logo was formally displayed as \"EYE WEEKLY\". Prominent contributors at various points through the newspaper's life included Jason Anderson, Bert Archer, Gregory Boyd Bell, Carolyn Bennett, Denise Benson, Alex Bozikovic, Andrew Braithwaite, William Burrill, Jason Chiu, Andrew Clark, Tyler Clark-Burke, Nicole Cohen, Kevin Connolly, Peter Darbyshire, Gemma Files, Sky Gilbert, Kieran Grant, Kevin Hainey, Bob Hunter, Paul Isaacs, Bruce LaBruce, Edward Keenan, Guy Leshinski, Chris Dart, Chandler Levack, Laura Lind, Sarah Liss, Donna Lypchuk, Cindy McGlynn, Gord McLaughlin, Jim Munroe, Dave Morris, Bruce Farley Mowat , C.J. O'Connor, Gord Perks, Bradley Reinhardt, Damian Rogers, Stuart Ross, Sasha, John Sewell, Phoebe Smith, Vern Smith, Kamal Al-Solaylee, Hannah Sung, Marc Weisblott, and Carlyn Zwarenstein. Eye Weekly Eye Weekly was a free weekly newspaper published in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was owned by Torstar, the parent company of the \"Toronto Star\", and was published by their Star Media Group until its final issue on May 5, 2011. The following week, Torstar launched"
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"USCGC Sorrel (WLB-296) USCGC \"Sorrel\" (WAGL/WLB-296) was a Cactus (A) class buoy tender of the United States Coast Guard built by Zenith Dredge of Duluth, Minnesota. Her keel was laid 26 May 1942, launched 28 September 1942 and commissioned on 15 April 1943. After commissioning \"Sorrel\" joined her sister ships and in Boston, Massachusetts until 25 July 1947. During her tenure in Boston she was used for maintaining navigational aids and ice breaking. On 25 July 1947 she reported to Rockland, Maine and then on 25 October 1948 she returned to Boston where she would remain until 1 May 1954. All during this time of being shuffled between Boston and Rockland, she frequently worked out of Argentia, Newfoundland. On 8 December 1948 \"Sorrel\" freed icebound , on 23–24 October 1950 rescued 8 crew from the motor vessel \"North Voyager\", on 29 November 1951 assisted following collision between motor vessel \"Ventura\" and fishing vessel \"Lynn\" near Boston, on 20–21 July 1952 towed disabled fishing vessel \"Richard J. Nunan\" to Portland, Maine for repairs and on 19 February 1953 towed disabled fishing vessels \"Geraldine\" and \"Phyllis\" to Boston, Massachusetts for repair. On 1 May 1954 \"Sorrel\" was reassigned to Sitka, Alaska for maintaining navigational aids, search and rescue missions, ice breaking, law and treaty enforcement and enforcement of U.S. territorial waters. On 12–13 September 1956 assisted fishing vessel \"Valencia\" near Sitka, Alaska, on 18 June 1958 assisted fishing vessel \"Guardian\" 120 miles west of Sitka, and on 10–11 July 1958 assisted residents at Lituya Bay and Yakutat Bay following an earthquake in the region. On October 22, 1962 \"Sorrel\" assisted in the successful rescue of 95 passengers of a Northwest Airlines DC-7C that crashed near Sitka, Alaska. On 1 July 1965 \"Sorrel\" was reassigned to Seward, Alaska where she would remain until 18 April 1973. On 13 September 1966 assisted towing fishing vessel \"Jo Ann\" to Cordova, Alaska, on 6 November 1967 fought a fire at Shelter Cove, Alaska, on 4 November 1969 medevaced two crewman seriously burned in a fire on the Japanese fishing vessel \"Koshin Maru\", and on 21 November 1970 medevaced crewman from fishing vessel \"Lee Ann\" to Seward, Alaska for medical aid. From 18 April 1973 to 31 March 1976 \"Sorrel\" was stationed in Cordova, Alaska. On 31 March 1976 \"Sorrel\" left Alaska and reported to the Coast Guard Yard at Curtis Bay, Maryland for major renovation under the Service Life Extension Program (SLEP). Under SLEP, she would get new generator and propulsion systems, navigational electronics, new vang supported boom system (eliminating the distinctive Cactus (A) Class \"A\" frame boom support), reworked superstructure and renovations to crew's living spaces. Following SLEP, on 2 December 1982 \"Sorrel\" reported to Governor's Island, N.Y. to continue her career as a buoy tender until decommissioned on 20 June 1996. \"Sorrel\" was sold and is now the SS \"Reliance\" operated by Sea Scout Ship #13 of Stockton, California. She was used for training cruises to teach seamanship to young men and women. In 2007, the \"Reliance\" was sold to Seaway Trading Inc and renamed \"Fearless\". USCGC Sorrel (WLB-296) USCGC \"Sorrel\" (WAGL/WLB-296) was a Cactus (A) class buoy tender of the United States Coast Guard built by Zenith Dredge of Duluth, Minnesota. Her keel was laid 26 May 1942, launched 28 September 1942 and commissioned on 15 April 1943. After commissioning \"Sorrel\" joined her sister ships and in Boston, Massachusetts until 25 July 1947. During her tenure in Boston she was used for maintaining navigational aids and ice breaking. On 25 July 1947 she reported to Rockland, Maine and then on 25 October 1948"
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"Moti Herskowitz Herskowitz joined the Department of Chemical Engineering at BGU in 1979 as lecturer and was promoted to Full Professor in 1992. He served as the chairman of the Department of Chemical Engineering (1989-1993) and the Vice-President and Dean for Research and Development (2003-2014). He also served as the Director of the Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology (2009-2010) and as Acting Director of the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev (2015-2016). Herskowitz has consulted and collaborated with multi-national and national companies in a wide range of innovative projects, which resulted in commercial applications and joint patents and publications. Herskowitz focused, early in his career, on multiphase reactors research with specific contributions in the area of trickle-bed reactors. The emphasis then shifted to advanced catalytic materials and catalytic processes, combining fundamental research with applications that resulted in various discoveries and inventions. With the establishment of the Blechner Center, most of the research was focused on environmental catalysis, including wastewater and polluted air treatment and the production of renewable and fungible liquid fuels by eco-friendly catalytic processes. The research was funded by national and international foundations, including the Israel Science Foundation, FP5 and Horizon 2020 programs of the European Community, Israel-Strategic Alternative Energy Foundation, Israel Ministry of Science and Technology, Israel Ministry of Energy as well as significant funding from industry. The research findings were published in scientific papers and patents. Some of the discoveries and inventions that were published in the media included the development of on-vehicle hydrogen fuel system, aroma fine chemicals, production of advanced, green diesel fuel from vegetable oils and animal fats and carbon dioxide hydrogenation to renewable liquid fuels. Moti Herskowitz Herskowitz joined the Department of Chemical Engineering at BGU in 1979 as lecturer and was promoted to Full Professor in 1992."
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"Lincoln Bank Building The Lincoln Bank Building is a building on Hennepin Avenue in downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in October 2012. Lincoln National Bank was established in 1917 by Harry Pence, a local automobile magnate, and a number of other backers. They had planned to name it the \"Second National Bank\", but the Treasury Department refused that name since they were not actually the second bank organized. Pence adopted the name of Abraham Lincoln because, \"it carries with it his well-known characteristics of strength, ability, fidelity, firmness, faithfulness, loyalty, conservatism, etc., attributes very desirable in a national bank.\" The bank's location was chosen to provide service to the automobile trade and similar businesses along Hennepin Avenue at the time, along with the nearby warehouse district and the markets along Second Avenue North. The established financial district in Minneapolis was along Marquette Avenue, two blocks to the east, but Pence saw the value in providing a bank with its mission \"to take care of the automobile business and, in general, to serve downtown Hennepin Avenue business interests.\" The original home for the bank was at 809 Hennepin Avenue, but the bank's business grew so well that larger quarters were needed. Lincoln National Bank had also established an affiliate, Lincoln Trust and Savings Bank. In 1919, Harry Pence announced plans to build a new bank building at 730 Hennepin Avenue, directly across 8th Street from his Pence Automobile Company Building. The new building was designed by Long, Lamoreaux and Long, the same architects as the earlier building, and was completed for a cost of about $1 million. The eight-story building opened on August 9, 1921, and housed both the Lincoln National Bank and the Lincoln Trust and Savings Bank. The seven upper floors of the building were leased out for offices. In 1921, Daniel Richard Crissinger was appointed as the Comptroller of the Currency and shifted the regulatory stance on national banks. Previous comptrollers did not allow national banks to establish branch offices, but the new comptroller decided that, \"there was no restriction on the number of branch offices a bank could establish as long as they were within the city limits mentioned in its charter.\" As a result, the two largest banks, Northwestern National Bank (now Wells Fargo) and First National Bank (now U.S. Bank) started acquiring smaller banks and turning them into branch offices. The Lincoln National Bank and Lincoln Trust and Savings Bank were acquired by Northwestern National Bank, in a move that promised customers business \"as usual and with practically the same people, but with the added advantages of doing business with the Northwestern National Bank and its entire facilities, both as to domestic and foreign business.\" In 2013, the Lincoln Bank Building was approved for the residential development of its top seven floors. Lincoln Bank Building The Lincoln Bank Building is a building on Hennepin Avenue in downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. The building was"
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"Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the field of special education. The editors-in-chief are Alisa K. Lowrey (University of Southern Mississippi) and Kevin M. Ayres (The University of Georgia). It was established in 1986 and is published by Sage Publications in association with the Hammill Institute on Disabilities. The journal is abstracted and indexed in Scopus and the Social Sciences Citation Index. According to the \"Journal Citation Reports\", its 2017 impact factor is 0.959, ranking it 29th out of 40 journals in the category \"Education, Special\", 51st out of 69 journals in the category \"Rehabilitation\", and 65th out of 73 journals in the category \"Psychology, Developmental\". Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the field of special education. The editors-in-chief are Alisa K. Lowrey (University of Southern Mississippi) and Kevin M. Ayres (The University of Georgia). It was established in 1986 and is published by Sage Publications in association with the Hammill Institute on Disabilities. The journal is abstracted and indexed in Scopus and the Social Sciences Citation Index. According to the \"Journal"
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"Malha Mall Malha Mall (, \"Kanyon Malha\"), also known as Jerusalem Mall (, \"Kanyon Yerushalayim\"), is an indoor shopping mall in the southwestern neighbourhood of Malha, Jerusalem. The mall, which opened in 1993, has 260 stores on 3 levels with a shopping area of and of office space. It is one of seven malls built in Israel by David Azrieli. According to Gideon Avrami, director of the mall, the mall is popular among both Jewish and Arab shoppers. In 2010, there were 1,000-1,200 Palestinian visitors a day, accounting for 3 percent of all shoppers. On Muslim holidays and Sundays, the figure rose to 25 percent. The mall is closed from Friday afternoon until Saturday evening out of respect for the Jewish Shabbat. In 2011, Malha Mall was voted Israel's top mall by the Israeli financial newspaper Globes. Malha Mall Malha Mall (, \"Kanyon Malha\"), also known as Jerusalem Mall (, \"Kanyon Yerushalayim\"), is an indoor shopping mall in the southwestern neighbourhood of Malha, Jerusalem. The mall, which opened in 1993, has 260 stores on 3 levels with a shopping area of and of office space. It is one of seven malls built in Israel by David Azrieli. According to Gideon"
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"Banamali Dasa Banamali Dasa (1720–1793) is an Indian medieval Odia \"bhakta\"-poet from the state of Odisha. \"\"Dinabandhu daitari\"\", \"\"Kede chanda jane lo sahi\"\" and \"\"Manima he etiki maguni mora\"\" are some of his notable writings that are used in Odissi. His songs are popularly sung in festivals, public gatherings and in Odissi dance. He is considered as the foremost poet of the medieval Odia bhakti-literature Started with writing rustic Erotic Poetry, he later began to compose \"\"bhakti\"\"-poetry which gained larger acceptance and popularity among the other contemporary poets of his time. Typically, his poems are eyewitness accounts, and their simple, rustic language is much appreciated. As Dasa's birth and death are unrecorded various researchers speculate various years. In a research publication, researcher Janaki Ballabh Mohanty has cited his birth year around 1720-30 and death year as unknown whereas in other publications has his birth year as 1720 and death year as 1793. That he was born in a Karana family is proved by one of his earlier poems where he explicitly mentions his surname Pattanayaka, used by the karanas (scribes) of ancient Odisha. The surname is in use till now. He spent most of his life in Puri. Banamali Dasa"
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"Golden algae The Chrysophyceae, usually called chrysophytes, chrysomonads, golden-brown algae or golden algae are a large group of algae, found mostly in freshwater. Golden algae is also commonly used to refer to a single species, \"Prymnesium parvum\", which causes fish kills. The Chrysophyceae should not be confused with the Chrysophyta, which is a more ambiguous taxon. Although \"chrysophytes\" is the anglicization of \"Chrysophyta\", it generally refers to the Chrysophyceae. Originally they were taken to include all such forms of the diatoms and multicellular brown algae, but since then they have been divided into several different groups (e.g., Haptophyceae, Synurophyceae) based on pigmentation and cell structure. Some heterotrophic flagellates as the bicosoecids and choanoflagellates were sometimes seen as related to golden algae too. They are now usually restricted to a core group of closely related forms, distinguished primarily by the structure of the flagella in motile cells, also treated as an order Chromulinales. It is possible membership will be revised further as more species are studied in detail. The \"primary\" cell of chrysophytes contains two specialized flagella. The active, \"feathered\" (with mastigonemes) flagellum is oriented toward the moving direction. The smooth passive flagellum, oriented toward the opposite direction, may be present only in rudimentary form in some species. An important characteristic used to identify members of the class Chrysophyceae is the presence of a siliceous cyst that is formed endogenously. Called statospore, stomatocyst or statocyst, this structure is usually globose and contains a single pore. The surface of mature cysts may be ornamented with different structural elements and are useful to distinguish species. Classification of the class Chrysophyceae according to Pascher (1914): According to Smith (1938): According to Bourrely (1957): According to Starmach (1985): Classification of the class Chrysophyceae and splinter groups according to Kristiansen (1986): Classification of the phylum Chrysophyta according to Margulis et al. (1990): According to van den Hoek, Mann and Jahns (1995): Classification of the class Chrysophyceae and splinter groups according to Preisig (1995): According to Guiry and Guiry (2014): Chrysophytes lives mostly in freshwater, and are important for studies of food web dynamics in oligotrophic freshwater ecosystems, and for assessment of environmental degradation resulting from eutrophication and acid rain. Chrysophytes contain the pigment fucoxanthin. Because of this, they were once considered to be a specialized form of cyanobacteria. Because many of these organisms had a silica capsule, they have a relatively complete fossil record, allowing modern biologists to confirm that they are, in fact, not derived from cyanobacteria, but rather an ancestor that did not possess the capability to photosynthesize. Many of the chrysophyta precursor fossils entirely lacked any type of photosynthesis-capable pigment. Most biologists believe that the chrysophytes obtained their ability to photosynthesize from an endosymbiotic relationship with fucoxanthin-containing cyanobacteria. Golden algae The Chrysophyceae, usually called chrysophytes, chrysomonads, golden-brown algae or golden algae are a large group of algae, found mostly in freshwater. Golden algae is also commonly used to refer to a single species, \"Prymnesium parvum\", which causes fish kills. The Chrysophyceae should not"
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"Armand Panigel Armand Panigel (15 October 1920 in Bursa (Turkey) – 28 December 1995 in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence aged 75) was a French musicologist and film critic. He was also a historical figure of French radio and television in the fields of classical music and cinema. After studying at the French high school in Cairo (Egypt), he studied law and mathematics at the University of Montpellier. He began his career as radio and film producer in Cairo from 1939 to 1944. A well-known radio man in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, he created, produced and hosted on France Musique the flagship radio show \"\" for 37 years, from 1946 to 1984 (in particular with Antoine Goléa, Jacques Bourgeois and Jean Roy), as well as other broadcasts. From 1947 to 1964, he founded and directed the magazine \"Disques\", a review of classical record critics. At the same time, the UNESCO commissioned him with indexing, with a view to publishing catalogues, all existing recordings in the world of certain great composers, starting with Bach, Beethoven and Chopin. In 1946, he was also the founding vice-president of the Académie Charles-Cros. Also passionate about cinema, Panigel worked for French television, as music producer, film director and television presenter for numerous programs: notably \"Au cinéma ce soir\" which presented a film preceded by a montage of news from the time of its release, and \"\", which today constitutes a considerable mine of interviews with the greatest French directors who were his contemporaries; but also \"Cinéma-Variations\", \"Ce jour-là, j'en témoigne : chroniques du temps de l'ombre 1940-44 (Histoire de la Résistance)\" and \"Portraits de cinéastes et de musiciens\" (1964–82). In 1985, he created the in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, a group of scholarship specialists in his favourite fields and concerned by the transmission of the memory of the great interpretations of the past to as many people as possible, thus sharing 60 years of its private collections: more than 200,000 classical records, 40,000 films and 160,000 books on music and cinema. In the same spirit of safeguarding cultural heritage, he also pursued a career as a publisher, notably as director of series at \"Régie-Cassette-Vidéo\", where he established \"la Mémoire du cinéma\", and founding director of \"Rééditions d'enregistrements du domaine public\" (LPs) of classical music, dedicated to \"la Mémoire de la musique\". In addition to this already very dense career, Armand Panigel also held the following positions: Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of \"Éditions et impressions de la Cinématographie française (1962–64)\", président of the Commission d' du cinéma (1975–76), Member of the Board of Directors of the association des auteurs de films, Director of collections of classical music CDs (1993–95). His career has been rewarded with his promotion to the rank of officer of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. He was also the author of several reference books on music and cinema. In 1994, fascinated by new technologies, he began producing and directing CD-ROMs, \"because it is a three-dimensional work, combining sound, image and text: it is the dream of my life,\" he declared to the AFP one year before his death. Armand Panigel Armand Panigel (15 October 1920 in Bursa (Turkey) – 28 December 1995 in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence aged 75) was a French musicologist and film critic. He was also a historical figure of French radio and television in the fields of classical music and cinema. After studying at the French high school in Cairo (Egypt), he studied law and mathematics at the University of Montpellier. He began his career as radio and film producer in Cairo from 1939 to 1944. A well-known radio man in the 1950s, 1960s and"
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"Stefan Michnik Stefan Michnik, born 28 September 1929, in Drohobycz (at the time, part of the Second Polish Republic; now Drohobych, Ukraine), is a former Stalinist military judge of the Soviet-dominated regime in post-World War II Poland, and a former captain in the communist Polish People's Army. He was involved in the politically-motivated arrest, trial, imprisonment and/or execution of a number Polish anti-communist fighters and activists. Many of those persecuted by Michnik also fought against Nazi Germany during World War II, as members of Polish resistance. After De-Stalinization into exile in 1968, Michnik has lived in Storvreta, Sweden. After the collapse communism in Poland (1989), Michnik was formally implicated by the Polish justice system in \"zbrodnie komunistyczne\" (\"communist crimes\") relating to his tenure as a military judge. Stefan Michnik was the son of Helena Michnik and Samuel Rosenbusch nicknamed \"Emil\" or \"Miłek\" (born around 1904). His mother was a Polish-Jewish teacher in Drogobych and an activist for the Communist Party of Western Ukraine , the Communist Party of Poland, and the Stalinist Union of Polish Patriots. His father was a Jewish lawyer and communist activist, executed around 1937 in the Soviet Union during the Great Purge. Michnik's half-brother (on his mother's side) is Adam Michnik, the editor-in-chief of the Polish newspaper, \"Gazeta Wyborcza\". Michnik became a judge in postwar Poland after completing an eight-month course for military judges in Jelenia Góra. He was first recruited by the Information Bureau under the pseudonym Kazimierczak but fired 11 months later, and was given severance pay of 1,000 zloty. At the beginning of 1951 Michnik was assigned a position with the Warsaw Regional Military Court (\"Wojskowy Sąd Rejonowy\", WSR) and two weeks later imposed his first sentence against Stanisław Bronarski, charged with anticommunist activities, while he was a member of the \"AK\", \"NSZ\" and \"NZW\". Bronarski (exonerated in post-communist Poland) was given five consecutive death sentences and executed on 18 January 1951 at the Mokotów Prison. Michnik took part in the Trial of the Generals, dubbed a judicial murder by historians, with 40 death sentences pronounced in the fall of 1951, half of them carried out (see list of the 21 executed officers by name, with Stefan Michnik as one of the sentencing judges). The list of Polish Army officers sentenced personally by Michnik, and rehabilitated without exception (also posthumously) included: After being denied a US visa, Michnik fled Poland for Sweden during 1968 Polish political crisis. He lived as a retired librarian in a small town of Storvreta near Uppsala. He is currently in a nursing home in Gothenburg. He was a contributor to \"Culture\", Polish-émigré literary-political magazine, for which he wrote articles both as Karol Szwedowicz and under his own name. Since August 2007 the Polish Institute of National Remembrance deliberated on a motion to request his extradition. On 25 February 2010, the Military Garrison Court in Warsaw at the request of the investigation division of the IPN issued an official arrest warrant for Stefan Michnik. In October 2010, Polish prosecutors issued a European Arrest Warrant (EAW) on the same basis. On 18 November 2010, the court in Uppsala refused to extradite Stefan Michnik back to Poland explaining that his alleged criminal acts (see communist crime) committed in Poland fall outside the statute of limitations in Sweden. On November 8, 2018, the Military Court in Warsaw issued for the second time a European Arrest Warrant in connection with 30 offences that Michnik committed in the years 1952-53 against representatives of the democratic opposition and former members of the Underground State, including unlawful death sentences. Stefan Michnik Stefan Michnik, born 28 September"
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"Lazar Matveev Lazar Lazarevich Matveev (Russian: Ла́зарь Лазаре́вич Матве́ев; born 8 May 1927) is a former Soviet intelligence leader. He served as a senior KGB liaison officer to the Stasi in Dresden, East Germany, during 1982 to 1989, where Vladimir Putin, the current President of Russia, worked for him. On the 8th May 2017, on Matveev's 90th birthday, Russian President Vladimir Putin and his former KGB colleagues Sergey Chemezov and Nikolay Tokarev who also worked for Matveev, visited him in his home in Zhulebino, Moscow to celebrate his birthday. Putin brought him a wrist watch with the presidential coat of arms and a rare copy of a Pravda newspaper that was printed in 1927 – the year Matveev was born. Lazar Matveev Lazar Lazarevich Matveev (Russian: Ла́зарь Лазаре́вич Матве́ев; born 8 May 1927) is a former Soviet intelligence leader. He served as a senior KGB liaison officer to the Stasi in Dresden, East Germany, during 1982 to 1989, where Vladimir Putin, the current President of Russia, worked for him. On the 8th May 2017, on Matveev's 90th birthday, Russian President Vladimir Putin and his former KGB colleagues Sergey Chemezov and Nikolay Tokarev who also worked for Matveev, visited him in"
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"Seventh Avenue Bridge Seventh Avenue Bridge was a historic bridge in Maylands, Western Australia that was demolished and replaced in 2014. It carried vehicle traffic over the Midland railway line immediately south of Maylands railway station. The Seventh Avenue Bridge was proposed as early as 1911, and built in 1913. From the 1930s to the 1950s the bridge had attention due to repairs and safety issues. In 2012, with the bridge approaching 100 years of age, Main Roads Western Australia deemed it to be past its service life and in need of replacement. Local residents were not consulted during the design of the new bridge, which Maylands MP Lisa Baker and Maylands Residents and Ratepayers Association saw as concerning and disappointing. Baker said that this would result in heritage value being lost. The old bridge however was commemorated with $89,000 being spent on locally influenced artwork. Transport Minister Troy Buswell did not believe community involvement was needed in the structural design of the bridge, which had been undertaken by qualified engineers to ensure the new structure would be built on the same footprint, while taking into consideration modern safety and operational standards. The replacement bridge was built on the same alignment as the original bridge, but with larger dimension in length, width, and height. This will allow for additional railway tracks and larger vehicles to travel beneath the bridge, and heavier vehicles are able to cross the bridge. The design included a span length of more than , footpaths, noise walls, guard rails, and electrification screens. The project was funded by the state government, with tenders called for in January 2014 and work likely to begin a few months later, and taking approximately one year. Public art was included in the project to recognise the heritage value of the site, and be a \"point of interest\" for local residents and visitors. Local organisations were involved in the artistic process, including the City of Bayswater, Maylands Historical and Peninsula Association, Maylands Business Association, Maylands Residents and Ratepayers Association and Creative Maylands. The project was announced in October 2012, with a small amount of pre-construction work undertaken at that time. Work commenced in April 2014. The new Seventh Avenue Bridge was officially opened on 6 May 2015 by Transport Minister Dean Nalder. Seventh Avenue Bridge Seventh Avenue Bridge was a historic bridge in Maylands, Western Australia that was demolished and replaced in"
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"Kaduysky District Kaduysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast and borders with Belozersky District in the north, Cherepovetsky District in the east and in the south, Ustyuzhensky District in the southwest, and with Babayevsky District in the west. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Kaduy. Population: 18,653 (2002 Census); The population of Kaduy accounts for 66.0% of the district's total population. The district lies completely in the basin of the Suda River. The main tributaries of the Suda within the district are the Kolp and the Andoga. The Suda crosses the district from northwest to southeast, and most of the rivers in the district flow in the same direction. The lower course of the Suda inside the district became a part of the Rybinsk Reservoir. The area of the district is covered by forests. The area was colonized in the 13th century when it belonged to the Principality of Beloozero. In the 14th century, it became a part of the Grand Duchy of Moscow. In the 16th century, the Andoga River was notable for the fishery, and zander from the Andoga was sent to the Tsar. At the same time, first regular settlements appeared. The area at the time was referred to as \"Andogsky Stan\". In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as Saint Petersburg Governorate). In 1727, separate Novgorod Governorate was split off. In 1776, the area was transferred to Novgorod Viceroyalty. In 1796, the viceroyalty was abolished, and the area was transferred to Novgorod Governorate. The current area of the district was split between Belozersky Uyezd and Cherepovetsky Uyezd. Kaduy was founded in 1904 as a railway station settlement. In June 1918, five uyezds of Novgorod Governorate, including Belozersky and Cherepovetsky Uyezds, were split off to form Cherepovets Governorate with the administrative center in Cherepovets. On August 1, 1927, Cherepovets Governorate was abolished, and its territory became Cherepovets Okrug of Leningrad Oblast. Simultaneously, the uyezds were abolished, and Kaduysky District was established. On September 23, 1937, Kaduysky District was transferred to newly established Vologda Oblast. On August 1, 1927, Abakanovsky District with the administrative center in the \"selo\" of Abakanovo was also established. In September 1931, Abakanovsky District was abolished and split between Cherepovetsky and Kaduysky Districts. There are enterprises of timber industry and food industry in the district, as well as peat production. The main branch of agriculture in the district is cattle breeding with milk and meat production. The railroad connecting Vologda to Saint Petersburg via Cherepovets crosses the southern part of the district from east to west. The main railway stations within the district is Kaduy. A114 highway, connecting Vologda to Cherepovets and Saint Petersburg, crosses the eastern corner of the district, passing close to the urban-type settlement of Khokhlovo. Kaduy is connected by road with Cherepovets, and another road runs north to the \"selo\" of Velikoye and further to the settlement of Vizma in Belozersky District. There is local bus traffic. The Kaduysky District Museum is located in Kaduy. The museum opened in 2000, but previously functioned since the 1970s as a school museum, founded by Alexander Yukov. The museum is now named after him. Kaduysky District Kaduysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast"
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"Wallabout Bay Wallabout Bay is small body of water in Upper New York Bay along the northwest shore of the New York City borough of Brooklyn, between the present Williamsburg and Manhattan bridges, opposite Corlear's Hook on Manhattan to the west, across the East River. Wallabout Bay is now the site of the Brooklyn Navy Yard. The nearby neighborhood of Wallabout, dating back to the 17th century, is adjacent to the bay. The neighborhood is a mixed use area with an array of old wood frame buildings, public housing, brick townhouses, and warehouses; it is bounded by Navy Street to the west, the Brooklyn Navy Yard to the north, Myrtle Avenue to the south, and Classon Avenue to the east, and contains the historic Lefferts-Laidlaw House, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. The name of this curved bay on the western end of \"Lang Eylandt\" (Long Island) comes from the Dutch \"Waal bocht\", which means \"Walloons' Bend\", named for its first European settlers: the Walloons, from what is today Wallonia. The Wallabout was first settled by Europeans when several families of French-speaking Walloons opted to purchase land there in the early 1630s, having arrived in New Netherland in the previous decade from Holland. Settlement of the area began in the mid-1630s when Joris Jansen Rapelje exchanged trade goods with the Canarsee Indians for some of land at Wallabout Bay, but Rapelje, like other early Wallabout settlers, waited at least a decade before relocating full-time to the area, until conflicts with the tribes had been resolved. Most historical accounts put Rapelje's house as the first house built at Wallabout Bay. His daughter Sarah was the first child born of European parentage in New Netherland, and Rapelje later served as a Brooklyn magistrate as well as a member of the Council of Twelve Men. Rapelje's son-in-law Hans Hansen Bergen owned a large tract adjoining Rapelje's. Nearby were tobacco plantations belonging to Jan and Pieter Monfort, Peter Caesar Alberto, and other farmers. Starting in 1637, the Wallabout served as the landing site of the first ferry across the East River from lower Manhattan. Cornelis Dircksen, the lone ferryman, farmed plots on both sides—near to where the Brooklyn Bridge now spans—to best employ his time on either bank of the river. A feudal system of land tenure was suspended in 1638, and the small settlement became a colony of freeholders: after a ten-year period of paying the Dutch East India Company a tenth of their yield, colonists would own their farmland. (\"Bruijk\" means \"to use\" and \"leen\" means \"loan\" in Dutch.) The humble \"Bruykleen Colonie\" expanded out from the Wallabout to become the city of Brooklyn. Wallabout Bay was the site of one of the earliest murder trials in Brooklyn's history. On June 5, 1665, Barent Jansen Blom, an immigrant from Sweden and progenitor of the Blom/Bloom family of Brooklyn and the lower Hudson Valley, was stabbed to death by Albert Cornelis Wantenaer, allegedly in self-defense. Wantenaer was tried for murder in the Court of Assize on October 2, 1665. He was convicted of a lesser charge of manslaughter, suffering the punishment of loss of his property and a year's imprisonment. The area was the site where British prison ships moored during the American Revolutionary War from about 1776-1783, the most infamous of which was the HMS \"Jersey\". Around 12,000 prisoners of war were said to have died by 1783, when all the remaining prisoners were freed. Many died due to neglect; some were buried on the eroding shore in shallow graves, or often simply thrown overboard. The Prison Ship Martyrs' Monument in nearby Fort Greene, which houses some of the prisoners' remains, was built to honor these casualties. The bay eventually became the site of the Brooklyn Navy Yard. Parts of the bay were filled in to expand the yard. In the late 19th century, fill created a small island, as depicted in the Taylor Map of New York, and later fill joined it to the mainland. The bay earned the name \"Potter's Field\" among water-men in the 19th and 20th centuries because so many dead bodies would float into the bay during slack tide. In 1951, writer Joseph Mitchell wrote about it in \"The Bottom of the Harbor\" published in \"The New Yorker\": Gabriel Furman, in his \"Notes Geographical and Historical, relating to the Town of Brooklyn, in Kings County on Long-Island\" (1824), traces the name from the Dutch \"Waal bocht\" or \"bay (or bight) of the Walloons\", referring to the original French-speaking settlers of the local area. Another theory ascribes it to the River Waal, an arm of the Rhine, an important inland waterway in the Netherlands, long referred to as \"inner harbor\" which would speak to the geographic position of the bay. Wallabout Bay"
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"retrieved": [
"Mobile17 Mobile17 is a Boston, Massachusetts-based website that allows users to create custom ringtones for a wide variety of mobile devices. The service originated as a popular website called smashTheTONES which soon evolved into Mobile17.com. This Boston-based mobile startup creates ringtones available to every mobile phone user in the United States via an online toolset and applications for the iPhone and Android-operated devices. Among the first to provide custom ringtones online, Mobile17 rose to prominence after mentions on Tech TV’s The Screen Savers, CNet, Life Hacker, Men’s Health Magazine and Popular Science. Popular Science calls Mobile17 “the easiest way” to create ringtones online. Mobile17 Mobile17 is a Boston, Massachusetts-based website that allows users to create custom ringtones for a wide variety of mobile devices. The service originated as a popular website called smashTheTONES which soon evolved into Mobile17.com. This Boston-based mobile startup creates ringtones available to every mobile phone user in the United States via an online toolset and applications for the iPhone and Android-operated devices. Among the first to provide custom ringtones online, Mobile17 rose to prominence after mentions on Tech TV’s The Screen Savers, CNet, Life Hacker, Men’s Health Magazine and Popular Science. Popular Science calls Mobile17 “the"
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"Melissa McFerrin Melissa Lynne McFerrin (born December 20, 1960) is an American college basketball coach who is currently the head coach of the Memphis Tigers women's basketball team. McFerrin played point guard in college basketball at the University of Missouri from 1979–1983, reaching the Sweet 16 in 1982. In 2017, she received a contract extension through the 2018–2019 season. She has a base salary of $196,743. McFerrin grew up in Cassville, Missouri, and participated on the track team in high school, competing in the high jump where she placed first in class A in 1978. McFerrin attended the University of Missouri between 1979–83, earning a letter in basketball each of her four years as the starting point guard for the Tigers. She help the team to the Big Eight title in 1983 and two NCAA tournament appearances in 1982 and 1983. In her senior year, she was honored as the Big Eight Scholar Athlete, graduating with a bachelor's degree in secondary education. In 1983 she earned all big eight honorable mention in 1983. After college, she started her coaching career as a graduate assistant at Wayland Baptist. After a single season at Wayland Baptist, she spent six years as an assistant at Central Michigan. While at Central Michigan she earned a Masters degree in physical education in 1988. McFerrin then moved on to Ohio State where she served as an assistant for seven years. During her time at Ohio State the team won the Big Ten in 1993, and finished as national runner-up in the NCAA tournament. She served as the recruiting coordinator during her tenure at Ohio State. The 1992 recruiting class was ranked as the number one recruiting class in the nation, in no small part to the fact that it included Katie Smith in the class. In 1997, McFerrin moved to the professional ranks, joining the New York Liberty as an assistant coach. In her three years at the Liberty the team finished as runner-up twice, losing to Houston in the finals in 1997 and 1999. She then moved on to the Washington Mystics where she stayed for three years, two of which as the general manager. In her first season as general manager. the Mystics made the WNBA playoffs for the first time ever. In 2002, McFerrin returned to the college coaching ranks, initially as an assistant coach for the University of Minnesota, and then as an associate head coach for the same team. In 2004, McFerrin took on her first head coaching position accepting the position at American University. She remained at American for four seasons. In her final year at American, the American Eagle she finished first in the Patriot League and earned an invitation to the WNIT tournament. She was named Patriot League Coach of the year. McFerrin became the head coach at the University of Memphis in 2008. After an initial losing season, the team put together four consecutive winning seasons and four consecutive postseason invitations, making the finals of the WBI in 2010 and earning invitations to the WNIT in the next three years. In 2013 Memphis became part of the American Athletic Conference. The team has one postseason appearance in the four years since joining the American conference, a WNIT invitation in 2016. Melissa McFerrin Melissa Lynne McFerrin (born December 20, 1960) is an American college basketball coach who is currently the head coach of the Memphis Tigers women's basketball team. McFerrin played point guard in college basketball at the University of Missouri from 1979–1983, reaching the Sweet 16 in 1982. In 2017, she received a contract extension through the"
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"Nick Berk Nicholas K. Berk (born May 11, 1980), also known by his ring name Nicky Benz, is an American independent professional wrestler, best known for his work in Combat Zone Wrestling, where he is a former CZW World Heavyweight and Iron Man Champion. Berk was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He is a regular worker for Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW), as well as Force One Pro Wrestling, under his real name and sometimes under the stage name Nicky Benz. He was featured in the documentary \"On the Road with Raven\", where he and Raven are shown setting up an angle and later having a match. In 2005, Berk, had several tryout matches with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) in which he was squashed by Carlito, Val Venis Mr. Kennedy and others. None of these tryouts resulted in any contractual interest by the company. On the November 27, 2006 edition of \"WWE Raw\"n Nick Berk played a \"comedian\" in a skit that made fun of comedian Michael Richards. Nick Berk Nicholas K. Berk (born May 11, 1980), also known by his ring name Nicky Benz, is an American independent professional wrestler, best known for his work in Combat Zone Wrestling, where he"
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"MEWF Tag Team Championship This is a chronological list of MEWF tag team champions. The MEWF Tag Team Championship is the oldest championship title in the Mid-Eastern Wrestling Federation having been established when the Lords of Darkness (Pain & Agony) defeated Cream Team (Dino Casanova & Rip Sawyer) at the MEWF's first show in Pasadena, Maryland on August 2, 1991. The titles were later unified with the MCW Tag Team Championship during Maryland Championship Wrestling's last show on July 16, 2003. The championship has been known as: The tag team title was later revived after Maryland Championship Wrestling began promoting events in the Maryland-area in 2007. MEWF Tag Team Championship This is a chronological list of MEWF tag team champions. The MEWF Tag Team Championship is the oldest championship title in the Mid-Eastern Wrestling Federation having been established when the Lords of Darkness (Pain & Agony) defeated Cream Team (Dino Casanova & Rip Sawyer) at the MEWF's first show in Pasadena, Maryland on August 2, 1991. The titles were later unified with the MCW Tag Team Championship during Maryland Championship Wrestling's last show on July 16, 2003. The championship has been known as: The tag team title was later revived"
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"Oren Moverman Oren Moverman () is an Academy Award-nominated writer, film director, and Emmy Award-nominated producer based in New York City. He is a co-founder of the newly established Sight Unseen Pictures, alongside Julia Lebedev and Eddie Vaisman, an independent production and financing company with offices in LA and NY. Moverman most recently wrote and directed The Dinner starring Richard Gere, Laura Linney, Steve Coogan, Chloe Sevigny and Rebecca Hall. The Orchard-released film was an official selection at the Berlin Film Festival. Moverman was born in Israel. He has written screenplays for films such as \"Married Life\", \"I'm Not There\", and \"Love & Mercy\". \"The Messenger\", Moverman's first film as a director, co-written with Alessandro Camon and starring Ben Foster, Woody Harrelson and Samantha Morton, premiered at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival and won the Silver Bear for Best Screenplay award and the Peace Film award at the 59th Berlin International Film Festival in 2009. The film was also awarded the Grand Jury Prize and the International Critics' Prize from the Deauville Film Festival. Moverman received the Spotlight Award for Directorial Debut from the National Board of Review, and the film also received nominations for Best Screenplay and Best First Feature from the Independent Spirit Awards. The film was nominated for two Academy Awards - Moverman and Camon were nominated for Best Screenplay, and Woody Harrelson was nominated for Best Supporting Actor. Moverman collaborated with Harrelson again in his 2011 second directorial film \"Rampart\", which was co-written with James Ellroy. In addition to Harrelson, the film starred Sigourney Weaver, Robin Wright, and Brie Larson. Following, Moverman directed the IFC release, Time Out of Mind, starring Richard Gere, Ben Vereen, Steve Buscemi and Jena Malone, which won The International Critics Award at the Toronto Film Festival. As a writer, Moverman co-wrote Udi Aloni’s Junction 48 (The Orchard), winner of the Panorama Audience Award at the 2016 Berlin Film Festival and the 2016 Tribeca Film Festival International Award; Bill Pohlad’s Brian Wilson biopic Love & Mercy (Roadside Attractions); Ira Sachs' \"Married Life\" (Sony Pictures Classics); Todd Haynes’ Bob Dylan biopic I'm Not There (Weinstein Company), which earned an Oscar nomination for Cate Blanchett; Bertha Bay-Sa Pan’s Face (Indican), and Alison Maclean’s Jesus' Son (Lionsgate/Alliance). As a producer, Moverman produced Joseph Cedar’s (Sony Pictures Classics); Ido Fluk’s The Ticket (Shout! Factory); Kent Jones’ narrative feature debut, Diane (IFC), which was executive produced by Martin Scorsese, and Guy Nattiv’s, Skin, which premiered at this year’s Toronto Film Festival which sold to A24. He also served as Executive Producer on Junction 48, Love & Mercy, and Anja Marquardt’s directorial debut, She's Lost Control (Monument). At the 2018 Sundance Film Festival, Moverman had three films in competition — he produced Paul Dano’s directorial debut, Wildlife (IFC), based on the Richard Ford story, starring Jake Gyllenhaal and Carey Mulligan, and Jennifer Fox's \"The Tale\" (HBO), starring Laura Dern, Common and Ellen Burstyn. The Tale earned two Emmy nominations, including Best TV Movie and a leading actress nod for Dern. Moverman also executive produced the Sight Unseen film from breakout director Reinaldo Marcus Green, Monsters and Men (Neon), and he wrote Puzzle (Sony Pictures Classics), directed by Marc Turtletaub. Upcoming for Sight Unseen, Moverman will produce Cory Finley’s next feature, Bad Education, starring Hugh Jackman and Allison Janney. Moverman will also write and produce Marc Meyers' Human Capital, an adaptation of Stephen Amidon’s 2005 novel, starring Liev Schreiber and Marisa Tomei. Oren Moverman Oren Moverman () is an Academy Award-nominated writer, film director, and Emmy Award-nominated producer based in New York City. He is a co-founder of the"
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"Maritime earwig Anisolabis maritima, commonly known as the maritime earwig or the seaside earwig, is a species of earwig in the family Anisolabididae. Similar to the Seashore earwig, this species can be found near the shore line, and is cosmopolitan. It can be found in almost all ecozones. Scientists believe that these earwigs originally came from Asia. Since then, however, they have been introduced to North America, and have now spread around the world due to international commerce. This earwig is approximately long, and is a grayish or blackish in color with light yellow legs. Unlike many other species of earwigs, it does not have any wings. Male maritime earwigs are known for their characteristically asymmetrical forceps, which they use for mating, for capturing prey, and for protecting themselves. These forceps have even been known to be strong enough to break human skin. This species preys on many different small invertebrates, including fleas, crickets, ants, small beetles, sowbugs; it even exhibits cannibalistic tendencies. Because of their location on the beach, maritime earwigs are often found under seaweed and driftwood during the day. They prefer “dark, warm, humid places” to stay in. In maritime earwigs in particular, evidence of filial cannibalism has been found. Filial cannibalism is the practice of a mother eating some of her offspring. Scientists believe that maritime earwigs practice this behavior in order to make their clutch maintain the size that best optimizes their investment. In this case, the mother will often eat the youngest child, which serves to shorten the total time she spends caring for the young. As she optimizes the childbearing process, the amount of energy she has to spend on her remaining children increases, as does their chance of survival. Maritime earwig Anisolabis maritima, commonly known as the maritime earwig or the seaside"
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"Roehr Motorcycle Company Roehr Motorcycle Company was a US motorcycle manufacturer based Gurnee, Illinois. It closed down in 2012. In 1995 Walter Roehrich began construction of the 500 cc two stroke v-twin motorcycle, using Yamaha YZ250 engine parts on a prototype crankcase. The result was the 115 hp Roehr Rv500 that was shown to the press in 2000. The company intended to manufacture the motorcycle in limited numbers but manufacturing the bike with the addition of the DFI fuel system was prohibitively expensive The company turned its focus in creating a production bike. The Rv1000 prototype powered by a 120 hp 936cc 60° 4-stroke V-twin manufactured by US Highland was revealed in 2004. Roehr introduced the V-Roehr production motorcycle in March 2007. The bike was to be powered by a 180 hp supercharged Harley Davidson 1250 cc \"Revolution\" engine. Production of the first 50 bikes was scheduled to begin in 2008. Roehr Motorcycle Company Roehr Motorcycle Company was a US motorcycle manufacturer based Gurnee, Illinois. It closed down in 2012. In 1995 Walter Roehrich began construction of the 500 cc two stroke v-twin motorcycle, using Yamaha YZ250 engine parts on a prototype crankcase. The result was the 115 hp Roehr"
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"Synchronization rights A music synchronization license, or \"sync\" for short, is a music license granted by the holder of the copyright of a particular composition, allowing the licensee to synchronize (\"sync\") music with some kind of visual media output (film, television shows, advertisements, video games, accompanying website music, movie trailers, etc.). The rights to a composition or the \"song\", which is different from the studio sound recording, are most often administered by the publishing company that represents the writer/producer. The value in the copyright of a recording is divided into two components: When an audio/visual project producer wants to use a recording in their work, they must contact both the owner of the sound recording (record label), and the owner of the composition (songwriter via publishing company). In many cases, producers with tight budgets will elect to use a cover version of a particular song in order to save money on the master side. Once the producer has made an inquiry with the copyright administrator (and additionally the record label if they choose to use a famous recording), the rights holder or administrator issues a quote, usually for a one-time fee. This can initiate negotiations, whose points of interest usually include things like how the work is being used, the length of the segment, the prominence of the cue (whether used as background music, or as the title track during the credits), and the overall popularity and importance of the song or recording. Sync licensing fees can range anywhere from free, to a few hundred dollars, to tens of thousands of dollars for popular recordings of songs: in the last case, the producer must pay for both the use of the master and the composition. Synchronization rights A music synchronization license, or \"sync\" for short, is a music license granted"
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"Ragheb Alama \"'Ragheb \" ( born June 7, 1962) is a Lebanese singer, dancer, composer, television personality, and philanthropist. Alama began his career in the 1980s when he appeared as a contestant on the talent show broadcast Studio El Fan, on which he received the Platinum Award. Alama's fame came after Studio El Fan followed by yearly albums and number-one hit singles such as \"Ya rait\" , \"'Aan Jad\" (\"Seriously\") and \"Alby Asheq'ha\" (\"My Heart Adores Her\") which was the first Arabic song in history to be made into a music video. Alama continued his success into the 2000s with the release of his chart-topping albums \"Saharony El Leil\" (2001), \"Tab Leh\" (2002), \"El Hob El Kebeer\" (2004) and \"Baa'sha'ak\" (2008), the latter which earned the artist the Platinum certification from Virgin Megastores for its record sales. One of his recent albums \"Seneen Rayha\" (2010) saw the artist team with Starbucks for its release and sale, making him the first Arab artist to have his album sold at Starbucks. The Starbucks album \"Starz Vol. 1\" also included a song featuring international pop artist Shakira. He adopted an environmental cause with the album after being named the United Nations Ambassador of Climate Change. Alama has won two Murex d'Or Awards and several other awards during his career. His albums have made him one of the most commercially successful singers in the Arab world. In mid-2011, it was announced that Alama would head the judging panel for the pan-Arab version of the American Idol series. Alama was born in Ghoubeiry in Beirut, Lebanon. He was born into a shiite family, the son of Sobhi Alama and Wafiqa Alama . He has four brothers (Mohammad, Ahmad, Khoder and Hassan) and three sisters (Sabiha, Rima, and Lina) - of which he is the middle child. His father named him after the first Lebanese judge, \"Ragheb Beik Alama\". At eight years old, Ragheb took up playing the Oud and participated in a live radio program to showcase his talent. In 1996, Ragheb married Jihan al-Ali who gave birth to his two sons, Khaled (Born 1998) and Louai (Born 2001). In 2000, Alama recorded \"Betgheeb Betrouh\" with then-rising singer Elissa. In 2003, he released Tab Leh (Oh Why?) under the recording label Alam El Phan and the title track entered the number one spot for several weeks. He also featured famous Iranian-Armenian singer-songwriter Andy Madadian on a track titled \"Yalla Ya Chabab\" (Let's Go Guys). At the end of 2004, he released El Hob el Kebeer (The Great Love) which included the hit single \"Naseeni el Dunya\" (Make Me Forget the World) and the title track which was released in July 2005 and directed by Wissam Smayra in a huge production shot in Malaysia. In 2006, Alama participated in the pro-celebrity Formula One race, held in Bahrain, as an introductory show to the competition. He placed third and signed an agreement with Formula One Management to participate in the next race that will be held in Shanghai, China. In May 2008, Ragheb Alama released Baa'sha'ak, which was certified Platinum by Virgin Megastores Dubai by April 2009 for its record sales. The album was produced by his own company Backstage Production and included the hits \"Yighib\" and \"Ser Hobbi\" In 2010, and again under his own production company Backstage Production, Ragheb released the environment-themed album Seneen Rayha which included the number one singles \"Seneen Rayha\" and \"Betfell\". The album solidified Alama's position as the number one artist in the Arab world and was sold in all branches of Starbucks Coffee along with a B-side compilation album titled \"Starz Vol. 1\" that included the hit collaboration with Shakira \"Good Stuff (Remix)\". Near the end of 2011, Alama was announced as the head of jury for the new MBC show Arab Idol which is a remake of the number one show of all time American Idol. Joining Ragheb on the panel were the Gulf singer Ahlam and the music producer Hassan Shaf'ee. The Arab Idol team began its auditioning tour around the Middle East and the UK in September 2011. In 2013, Lebanese superstar Ragheb Alama was appointed by the United Nations Environmental Program(UNEP)as the Goodwill Ambassador in West Asia. Saint George Schools was opened by Ragheb Alama in the 1980s at the start of his musical career. His goal was to provide education to as many students as possible and sure enough his goal was achieved with the help of his brother Ahmad Subhi Alama who has been the General Manager of Saint George Schools since the beginning. Ahmad led the schools to success and built this organization from the grounds up starting with the first Block in Haret Hreik with nearly 200 students which has now grown to almost 2000 students spread into 4 Blocks total (1 in Haret Hreik, 2 in Hadath, and 1 in Hay el Amerkan) Throughout his career, Ragheb has been endorsed by several international companies and has been the face of their many marketing campaigns. Of the companies that endorsed Ragheb and featured him as part of their promotions including Hublot, United Nations, Starbucks, Mercedes-Benz, Samsung, Malaysian Ministry of Tourism, Malaysia Airlines, Middle East Airlines, Persol, The Pearl-Qatar. They Had chosen Ragheb to be a jury of talents programs like: In 2011-2013 he was a jury of Arab Idol s1 and s2 beside Ahlam and Nancy Ajram and Hassan elshafei In 2015 he was a jury of The X Factor beside Elissa and Donia Samir Ghanem Ragheb Alama \"'Ragheb \" ( born June 7, 1962) is a Lebanese singer, dancer, composer, television personality, and philanthropist. Alama began his career in the 1980s when he appeared as a contestant on the talent show broadcast Studio El Fan, on which he received the Platinum Award. Alama's fame came after Studio El Fan followed by yearly albums and number-one hit singles such as \"Ya rait\" , \"'Aan Jad\" (\"Seriously\") and \"Alby Asheq'ha\" (\"My Heart Adores Her\") which was the first Arabic song in history to"
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"William Sutherland (physicist) William Sutherland (24 August 1859 – 5 October 1911) was a Scottish-born Australian theoretical physicist, physical chemist and writer for \"The Age\" (Melbourne) newspaper. Sutherland was born in Glasgow, Scotland, son of George Sutherland, a woodcarver, and his wife Jane, \"née\" Smith. William had siblings Alexander Sutherland, George Sutherland and Jane Sutherland. The family emigrated to Australia in 1864, staying in Sydney for six years and then moving to Melbourne in 1870. Sutherland later graduated from Wesley College. The headmaster was Martin Howy Irving who had been the second professor of classics at the University of Melbourne, but the influence of the second master, H. M. Andrew, afterwards professor of natural philosophy at the same university, was of more importance to Sutherland. From Wesley Sutherland enrolled at the University of Melbourne in February 1876, graduating B.A. in 1879 with first-class final honours and the scholarship in natural science, and third-class honours in engineering. Sutherland was then nominated by the Melbourne University council for the Gilchrist scholarship at University College, London, in England, which was awarded to him and he left for England in July 1879. Entering as a science student at University College London, Sutherland came under the influence of Professor Carey Foster, and in the final examination for the BSc degree took first place and first class honours in experimental physics and the clothworkers scholarship of £50 for two years. Sutherland had not enjoyed his time in England and arrived back in Melbourne in February 1882. Sutherland's home life meant a lot to him, it was a home of affection and culture, every member of it excelled in either literature, music or art. In July 1882 Sutherland was offered the position of superintendent of the School of Mines, Ballarat, but it was too far from his home and the public library, and the offer was declined. For many years he earned just enough to pay his way by acting as an examiner and contributing articles to the press; the rest of his time was given to scientific research. In 1884 he applied without success for the chair of chemistry at the University of Adelaide, and in 1888 when the professor of natural philosophy Henry Martyn Andrew died Sutherland was appointed lecturer at the University of Melbourne until the chair could be filled. Sutherland had applied for this position through the Victorian agent-general in London, but the application was reportedly mis-filed and was not considered. Professor Thomas Ranken Lyle was appointed and in 1897, when he was away on leave, Sutherland was again made lecturer. Sutherland had begun contributing to the Philosophical Magazine in 1885, and on an average about two articles a year front his pen appeared in it for the next 25 years. For the last 10 years of his life he was a regular contributor and leader writer on the Melbourne \"Age\", particularly on scientific subjects. Sutherland declined an offer of an appointment on the staff of the paper. Sutherland wrote on such topics as the surface tension of liquids, diffusion, the rigidity of solids, the properties of solutions (including an influential analysis of the structure of water), the origin of spectra and the source of the Earth's magnetic field. Sutherland devoted most of his time to scientific research. A list of 69 of his contributions to scientific magazines appears in W. A. Osborne's, \"William Sutherland a Biography\". Sutherland died quietly in his sleep on 5 October 1911 from a ruptured heart. Sutherland was a well-built man of slightly under medium height, very quiet in manner. He could have been a good musician or a painter if he had been able to give the time. One of the earlier papers to bring Sutherland into notice was on the viscosity of gases which appeared in the \"Philosophical Magazine\" in December 1893. Other important papers dealt with the constitution of water, the viscosity of water, molecular attractions and ionization, ionic velocities and atomic sizes. The ordinary reader may refer to a discussion of his scientific work in chapter VI of Osborne's biography of Sutherland, but the full value of it could only be computed by a physicist willing to collate his papers with the state of knowledge at the time each was written. It was well known and valued in England, Germany and America. Professor T. R. Lyle said at the time of Sutherland's death that he was \"the greatest authority living in molecular physics\". Modest and selfless, Sutherland was content to add to the sum of human knowledge and to hope that another person would carry the work further. Sutherland never married. Sutherland wrote an equation describing Brownian motion and diffusion which was published in a 1904 paper, which he presented at a Dunedin ANZAAS conference. Albert Einstein's first published work on the same topic was published in 1905. William Sutherland (physicist) William Sutherland (24 August 1859 – 5 October 1911) was a Scottish-born Australian theoretical physicist, physical chemist and writer for \"The Age\" (Melbourne) newspaper. Sutherland was born in Glasgow, Scotland, son of George Sutherland, a woodcarver, and his wife Jane, \"née\" Smith. William had siblings Alexander Sutherland, George Sutherland and Jane Sutherland. The family emigrated to Australia in 1864, staying in Sydney for six years and then moving to Melbourne in 1870. Sutherland later graduated from Wesley College. The headmaster was Martin Howy Irving who had been the second professor of classics at"
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"Eames Aluminum Group The Eames Aluminum Group series is a line of furniture designed by Charles and Ray Eames. While the furniture, particularly the task chair, is an icon of office furniture, it was originally commissioned as outdoor seating for the home of J. Irwin Miller (founder of Cummins Engines) by Eero Saarinen and Alexander Girard. The original design featured a woven suspension back and seat stretched between aluminum ribs. The chair has been in production by Herman Miller since its inception in 1958, although the seat material has changed over time. The original mesh was quickly discontinued, with the most iconic version being black leather. In 1969, the Eames added a \"Soft Pad\" version with cushions. In 2001, a version with \"Cygnus\" mesh (similar to the Aeron chair's Pellicle) was introduced. Eames Aluminum Group The Eames Aluminum Group series is a line of furniture designed by Charles and Ray Eames. While the furniture, particularly the task chair, is an icon of office furniture, it was originally commissioned as outdoor seating for the home of J. Irwin Miller (founder of Cummins Engines) by Eero Saarinen and Alexander Girard. The original design featured a woven suspension back and seat stretched between"
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"Belgium–Uruguay relations Belgium–Uruguay relations are the relations between Belgium and Uruguay. Belgium has an honorary consulate in Montevideo, under the jurisdiction of the Belgian embassy in Buenos Aires. Uruguay has an embassy in Brussels (the ambassador being also concurrent to Luxembourg). There are a series of bilateral agreements linking both countries: The Belgian company Katoen Natie has an important container handling facility in the Port of Montevideo. Belgium is becoming a significant trading partner of Uruguay. In 2008, the then Prince Philippe of Belgium visited Uruguay, together with many Belgian entrepreneurs interested in strengthening mutual trade relationships. In October 2011, Uruguayan President José Mujica paid an official visit to Belgium. Belgium–Uruguay relations Belgium–Uruguay relations are the relations between Belgium and Uruguay. Belgium has an honorary consulate in Montevideo, under the jurisdiction of the Belgian embassy in Buenos Aires. Uruguay has an embassy in Brussels (the ambassador being also concurrent to Luxembourg). There are a series of bilateral agreements linking both countries: The Belgian company Katoen Natie has an important container handling facility in the Port of Montevideo. Belgium is becoming a significant trading partner of Uruguay. In 2008, the then Prince Philippe of Belgium visited Uruguay, together with many Belgian"
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"Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan The Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan () is the main scientific organization of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It coordinates research in all areas of science and technology. The academy was established in 1943 as the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. After the collapse of the USSR, it became the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan. The academy currently has 155 members, 49 academicians, and 106 corresponding members. With more than 50 scientific research institutions and organizations, the academy is the largest scientific organization in Uzbekistan. The Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan has had thirteen presidents since its foundation. The current president is Solixov Shavkat Ismoilovich. Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan The Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan () is the main scientific organization of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It coordinates research in all areas of science and technology. The academy was established in 1943 as the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. After the collapse of the USSR, it became the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan. The academy currently has 155 members, 49 academicians, and 106 corresponding members. With more than 50 scientific research institutions and organizations, the academy is the largest scientific organization"
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"Texas Longhorns softball The Texas Longhorns softball team represents The University of Texas at Austin in NCAA Division I intercollegiate softball competition. The Longhorns currently compete in the Big 12 Conference. The University of Texas began varsity intercollegiate competition in softball in 1997; the softball team competed as a club team for one year in 1996. Texas has an all-time varsity win-loss record of 873–401–3 () as of the end of the 2018 season. The Longhorns have won four regular season conference championships and four conference tournament championships in softball (the Big 12 discontinued its conference tournament after the 2010 season). Texas has made 19 total appearances in the NCAA Tournament in 22 seasons of varsity competition, reaching the Women's College World Series (WCWS) five times (1998, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2013) and the super regional round, which was introduced in 2005, on four occasions. The Longhorns play their home games at Red & Charline McCombs Field, where they have compiled a record of 446–125–2 () as of the end of the 2018 season. Texas hired first-year head coach Mike White, formerly head coach of the Oregon Ducks, on June 25, 2018. Texas is the only program in the NCAA with three USA Softball Collegiate Player of the Year awards. Pitcher Cat Osterman, who won the award all three times, is the only player in NCAA history to have won the award more than once. Texas Longhorns softball The Texas Longhorns softball team represents The University of Texas at Austin in NCAA Division I intercollegiate softball competition. The Longhorns currently compete in the Big 12 Conference. The University of Texas began varsity intercollegiate competition in softball in 1997; the softball team competed as a club team for one year in 1996. Texas has an all-time varsity win-loss record of 873–401–3 ()"
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"The Stafford Brothers The Stafford Brothers is an Australian reality series screened on Fox8. The series follows the lives of Chris and Matt Stafford of Stafford Brothers, a dance music duo taking on the European scene. The series was developed by WD Entertainment Group and began broadcast on Fox8 Australia in 2009. The first season of \"The Stafford Brothers\" premiered on 21 January 2011 and consists of 6 episodes.. Season 1 was based around the premise of \"What happens on Tour, No Longer Stays on Tour\" as the series followed the real life of Matt and Chris Stafford as they toured and performed around Europe. The series shot at locations including Ibiza, Mykonos, Santorini, Belfast, Majorca and London. The second series premiered 27 January 2012. Series two is ten brand new episodes that follows several new story-lines including the production of new Stafford Brothers music, including Pressure, along with auditioning across Australia for new vocalists for their upcoming tracks. Nightclub manager Joey, who was featured heavily in the series, went through rehab in Thailand (filmed at Atmanjai), and followed his progress managing two Gold Coast nightclubs Platinum and Love, both venues are part owned by the Stafford Brothers. Brooke Evers, also featured in the series, is Matt Stafford's girlfriend. The two have been dating since 2006 and Brooke works for men's magazine Zoo Weekly. Series 1 and Series 2 is currently playing around the world, including Canada, Brazil, Finland, The Netherlands, Belgium and across Sony's AXN Network throughout Central Europe. Series 3 is currently in development with WD Entertainment Group and 3SizZero Productions. The Stafford Brothers The Stafford Brothers is an Australian reality series screened on Fox8. The series follows the lives of Chris and Matt Stafford of Stafford Brothers, a dance music duo taking on the European scene. The"
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"Brighton Park crossing The Brighton Park crossing is a major railroad crossing in Chicago, Illinois, hosting three of the major Chicago freight railroads. The crossing is northwest of the intersection of Western Avenue and Archer Avenue, in the Brighton Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. The railroads involved in the crossing are CSX, Canadian National and Norfolk Southern. The crossing consisted of the CN's two-track line in a roughly east/west orientation, crossing the five north/south tracks operated by NS and CSX. Collectively, these railroads operate approximately 80 trains per day through the crossing. The CN line was formerly the main line of the Gulf Mobile & Ohio and its predecessor Alton Railroad and currently carries Metra Heritage Corridor commuter trains and Amtrak passenger trains to St. Louis. The GM&O's Brighton Park passenger stop was at this location. The junction may be easily viewed from the CTA Orange Line trains that pass on an elevated structure immediately southeast of the crossing. Until July 6, 2007, the crossing was controlled by a human switchtender in a cabin near the crossing using semaphore signals to govern train movements through the diamonds. Because the crossing was not interlocked, all trains were required to make a stop before proceeding over the crossing as signaled by the specific semaphore signal governing the track the train was on. As a major crossing, and one of the few remaining locations with this classic method of operation, Brighton Park was a major attraction for rail enthusiasts, but had become increasingly inefficient for Chicago area rail operations. As part of the Chicago Region Environmental and Transportation Efficiency Program (CREATE) project, the Brighton Park crossing, the semaphore signals, and switchtender's cabin were taken out of service on the evening of Friday, July 6, 2007 and conversion to an interlocked crossing ensued over the following weekend. As part of the conversion project, some of the tracks at the crossing were realigned and new crossing diamonds were put in place. By the early 20th century, the Brighton Park crossing comprised tracks belonging to the Baltimore and Ohio Chicago Terminal Railroad; the Chicago Junction Railroad, eventually controlled by the New York Central Railroad as the Chicago River and Indiana; and the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad, commonly known as the \"Panhandle Route\", which was controlled by the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) running north to south and crossing the Chicago and Alton main line running east to west. The PCC&StL was the first railroad to cross the C&A at Brighton Park in the 1860s and therefore was responsible for arranging the safe crossing of trains. As other railroads built along the Panhandle right of way, this arrangement remained in effect with the responsibility passing to the PRR. For the PRR the Panhandle Route connecting Pittsburgh and Cincinnati via Indianapolis was of secondary importance to its Main Line via Fort Wayne, Indiana, with the latter having direct access to Chicago Union Station from the south, while the Panhandle route ran west of the city to loop around and access the station from the north. The Baltimore and Ohio was somewhat late arriving into the Chicago market and had to use trackage rights and the Panhandle right of way to eventually reach Grand Central Station via a similar out and back loop route and arrived south of downtown via the St. Charles Air Line Bridge. The Chicago Junction Railroad was a switching and terminal railroad that served the stockyard area and was eventually purchased by the New York Central. At its peak the crossing involved a total of 8 tracks of the PRR, B&OCT and CR&I crossing the two tracks of the C&A. Also included in the complex were a number of hand operated crossovers and wye tracks. Each of the 4 railroads involved in the crossing employed switchtenders on site to manage any crossover or connecting movements, with the PRR maintaining two tender stations, north and south of the crossing, to protect the two B&OCT to C&A wye tracks where they each crossed the Panhandle main line and the C&A crossing itself. Switchtender cabin \"A\" managed the Alton crossing and would continue to do so until the crossing was interlocked in 2007. For both the B&OCT and PCC&StL, Brighton Park was one in a string of non-interlocked railroad crossings at grade with others at Ash Street, 26th St and 12th St. Maximum speed on the route was between 20-30 mph. Interlocking the Brighton Park crossing would have been of limited value without upgrading the entire line. As passenger traffic on the route dried up and the railroads entered financial hardship, investment in the line became less and less of a priority. With the formation of the Penn Central and later Conrail, the PCC&StL and CR&I lines through Brighton Park were united under a single railroad. The Panhandle route was ultimately abandoned with Conrail shifting traffic to the C&RI, ripping up the two Panhandle tracks, thus reducing the number of tracks crossing the Alton to 5. Under Conrail the CR&I was designated as an industrial track, its lowest classification. Since the PRR era crossing agreement with the Alton successor Illinois Central Railroad was still in effect, Conrail had little incentive to upgrade the signaling on the line. Brighton Park accommodates a heavy amount of freight and passenger train traffic, approximately 3.5 trains every hour as of 2009. The amount of traffic might be expected to increase over time as more and more cargo is transported via rail instead of via highway trucking and inter-coastal waterways as the cost of fuel increases and as the efficiency of locomotive engines increase. The modernization effort to automate the Brighton Park crossing was undertaken as part of the Chicago Region Environmental and Transportation Efficiency Program (CREATE). It involved Safetran Systems, (part of Invensys Rail) with the crossing's application development, site mock-up, and preliminary factory testing taking place in Rancho Cucamonga, California in an in-house project called \"Brighton Park / Pershing Main.\" There were five different aspects of the modernization effort which consisted of (1) track circuits, signals and other wayside appliances, (2) vital interlocking software and hardware systems, (3) non-vital communications systems, (4) event data recording, and (5) input/output, all of which could be controlled and monitored by remote dispatch operators using display and control panels. The project's hardware and software consisted of existing Safetran components however the various application logic and site configuration modules were developed specifically for Brighton Park, all of which was heavily tested in California via a system-wide mock-up, requiring approximately 45 developers consisting of systems engineers, hardware and software engineers, applications engineers, test technicians, technical technicians, technical publishers, and others. The new microprocessor based interlocking logic also supports various types of positive train control and other advanced signaling technologies which may come in to play to support the proposed 110 mph service on the Lincoln Corridor. For the vital aspects of the interlocking, the Geographic Signal System (GEO) device was applied. Non-vital communications between GEO devices included Wayside Access Gateways (WAG) and Ethernet Spread Spectrum Radios (ESSR.) Some logic control as well as event data recording is supplied by the Safetran Event Analyzer Recorder (SEAR2.) A number of different I/O devices are used, including Unipolar I/O (UIO.) A large model board for local control of the interlocking plant was also fabricated. The use of wireless data communications allows a large number of distributed field hardware to be linked together without the need for failure prone physical cable links. The system is fail safe in case of loss of link or data packet",
"to support the proposed 110 mph service on the Lincoln Corridor. For the vital aspects of the interlocking, the Geographic Signal System (GEO) device was applied. Non-vital communications between GEO devices included Wayside Access Gateways (WAG) and Ethernet Spread Spectrum Radios (ESSR.) Some logic control as well as event data recording is supplied by the Safetran Event Analyzer Recorder (SEAR2.) A number of different I/O devices are used, including Unipolar I/O (UIO.) A large model board for local control of the interlocking plant was also fabricated. The use of wireless data communications allows a large number of distributed field hardware to be linked together without the need for failure prone physical cable links. The system is fail safe in case of loss of link or data packet corruption and any individual part of the interlocking plant will automatically ensure that the least permissive action is taken in the case of absent or inconsistent data from one of its sources. GEO devices, Unipolar I/O, and SEAR2s collect information about the crossing and surrounding region, either by monitoring voltages on wires or by passing messages among themselves. Logic software massages the real-world information and decides what signal aspects to show locomotives and decides what information to indicate to crossing predictors which assist the predictors in determining whether crossing gate arms should be lowered or raised, lights flashed, and bells rung. Though the communications infrastructure (consisting of WAGs, radios, Ethernet bridges and such) are non-vital, messages conveying vital information is passed between vital devices using the communications infrastructure, messages which are encapsulated in Advanced Train Control System (CRC) values which are used to verify with extreme accuracy that messages have not been corrupted. Vital messages also carry timestamps and sequence information such that in the event of unexpected routing delays or routing loops, obsolete messages will be ignored and duplicate messages will be eliminated. Vital systems establish communications sessions among themselves which are constantly maintained so that in the event of interference (incidental or deliberate) sessions will drop and the crossing will go to the least permissive state. The vital systems communicate among each other via twisted-pair LAN called Echelon which operate at around 1.2 megabit per second. The WAGs take the Echelon-encoded ATCS messages and may route them out their 10-megabit Ethernet interface, causing the messages to be transmitted to other WAGs via spread spectrum radios where they are converted back into Echelon messages. While rail traffic through Brighton Park is heavy, the communications traffic among the vital systems providing the automation is also quite heavy. Vital session ATCS messages conveyed between GEO devices constitute hundreds of messages every second. Overlaid on the vital sessioning is additional message traffic for monitoring, remote log retrieval, command and control, and other types of messages, all of which must be created, transmitted, received, and handled quickly so that messages are not permitted to become stale. In the Safetran Systems California manufacturing facility, a full-scale mock-up of the Brighton Park / Pershing Main project was assembled with moving locomotives being simulated using Safetran GEO Test Terminal devices and physical interlocking appliances with panel lamps. The modernization effort at Brighton Park took place in parallel with the mock-up effort in California, allowing application development and extensive testing to take place on the mock-up prior to the application being cut-over in Chicago. Most installation issues which developed during cross-over could be replicated and solved in California, with the only real exception being radio communications coverage between devices along the rail line. The automation hardware and software was launched and monitored for a trial period of time during which the existing physical semaphoring system was still in use until confidence in the automation effort was achieved after which the wonderful (but obsolete) signaling system was finally discontinued. Once the initial site installation difficulties were isolated and resolved, the new interlocking system settled down and has been conveying indications and controls without difficulties. As a a part of the CREATE project, a flyover on the CN/Heritage Corridor over the Western Avenue Corridor tracks would be constructed. The flyover project would reduce congestion to the 76 freight and passenger trains that go through the diamond crossing every day. The project is currently unfunded. Brighton Park crossing The Brighton Park crossing is a major railroad crossing in Chicago, Illinois, hosting three of the major Chicago freight railroads. The crossing is northwest of the intersection of Western Avenue and Archer Avenue, in the Brighton Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. The railroads involved in the crossing are CSX, Canadian National and Norfolk Southern. The crossing consisted of the CN's two-track line in a roughly east/west"
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"Herschel H. Hatch Herschel Harrison Hatch (February 17, 1837 – November 30, 1920) was a politician from the U.S. state of Michigan. Hatch was born in Morrisville, New York, where he attended the common schools. He graduated from Hamilton College Law School in Clinton, New York, in 1857. He was admitted to the bar and practiced in Morrisville, 1858-1863. Hatch moved to Bay City, Michigan, where he was elected alderman of Bay City at its first organization in 1865. He was judge of probate of Bay County, 1868–1872, a member of the constitutional commission of Michigan in 1873, and a member of the tax commission in 1881. He was a descendant of John Lothropp (also Lothrop or Lathrop, born Etton, Yorkshire, 1584; died 1653) was an English Anglican clergyman, who became a Congregationalist minister and emigrant to New England. He was the founder of Barnstable, Massachusetts. His cousin, Jethro A. Hatch, was the first physician in Kentland, Indiana and a Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Indiana's 10th congressional district. Hatch was elected as a Republican to the 48th United States Congress, becoming the first to represent Michigan's 10th congressional district, and served from March 4, 1883 to March 4, 1885 in the U.S. House. Hatch declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1884 and resumed the practice of law. Herschel H. Hatch moved to Detroit in 1895 and practiced law until 1910, when he retired. After ten years of retirement, he died in Detroit at the age of eighty-seven and is interred in Elm Lawn Cemetery of Bay City. Herschel H. Hatch Herschel Harrison Hatch (February 17, 1837 – November 30, 1920) was a politician from the U.S. state of Michigan. Hatch was born in Morrisville, New York, where he attended the common schools. He graduated"
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"Urh, Slovenska Bistrica Urh () is a small settlement in the Pohorje Hills in the Municipality of Slovenska Bistrica in northeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Drava Statistical Region. The name of the settlement was changed from \"Sveti Urh\" (literally, 'Saint Ulrich') to \"Urh\" (literally, 'Ulrich') in 1952. The name was changed on the basis of the 1948 Law on Names of Settlements and Designations of Squares, Streets, and Buildings as part of efforts by Slovenia's postwar communist government to remove religious elements from toponyms. The local church, from which the settlement gets its name, is dedicated to Saint Ulrich () and belongs to the Parish of Tinje. It dates to the 17th century. Urh, Slovenska Bistrica Urh () is a small settlement in the Pohorje Hills in the Municipality of Slovenska Bistrica in northeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Drava Statistical Region. The name of the settlement was changed from \"Sveti Urh\" (literally, 'Saint Ulrich') to \"Urh\" (literally, 'Ulrich') in 1952. The name"
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"retrieved": [
"Voyager (video game) Voyager was a graphic adventure computer game developed by Looking Glass Technologies from 1995 until its cancellation in 1997. It was published by Viacom New Media. Based on the \"\" license, the game followed Kathryn Janeway and the crew of the USS \"Voyager\" in their attempts to rescue members of their team from the . \"Voyager\" was the first game in a multi-title agreement between Viacom and Looking Glass, and Viacom took a minority equity investment in the company as part of the deal. However, Viacom decided to leave the video game industry in 1997, and \"Voyager\" was canceled in spring of that year. In response to \"Voyager\"'s cancellation, team members Ken Levine, Jonathan Chey and Rob Fermier left Looking Glass to found Irrational Games. \"Voyager\" was an adventure game based on the \"\" license. The player guided Kathryn Janeway and other characters aboard the USS \"Voyager\" through three \"episodes\". The game began as the USS \"Voyager\" resupplied at an agricultural planet, only to have certain members of its crew kidnapped by the . As Janeway and the surviving team tracked the Kazon, they encountered such things as other alien races and \"an abandoned planet occupied only by a single computer system\". Unlike in other \"Star Trek\" video games of the time, the player manipulated the crew at a high and general level. The player selected the crew's course of action from a list of options during \"decision point\" scenes, after which the crew would carry out their orders automatically. Certain decisions continued the plot, while others led to dead ends or to a game over. Producer Alan Dickens said, \"We want to make it a lot like you're watching the TV and yelling at the characters. You're giving them, as a team, guidance and direction on where they should go and how they should address the various problems that come before them.\" Between decision points, the player used and combined items, solved puzzles and engaged in combat. The game's item system involved scanning objects with tricorders and storing them in a \"virtual inventory\". This was an attempt to avoid hammerspace and the protagonists \"stealing everything they find\", two issues that Dickens said were common in the adventure game genre. \"Tech sim\" puzzles in the style of \"The Incredible Machine\"—a video game series in which players create Rube Goldberg machines—were a main feature in \"Voyager\": the player would receive collections of mechanical parts, which would have to be combined into complex mechanisms. Combat took place on the ground and in space, and like other scenes was controlled at a general level. The player could order the crew to provide suppressive fire, to maneuver or to beam out, for example, and would then watch the scene play out. \"Voyager\" began development in 1995, and it was announced in August of that year as the first game in a multi-title deal between Viacom New Media and Looking Glass Technologies. According to \"Next Generation\", the announcement was \"greeted with joy\" by gamers and fans of \"Star Trek\". Viacom was interested in Looking Glass's engine technology, and took a minority equity investment in the company. \"Voyager\" was conceptualized by Dickens and by Viacom producer Rachel Leventhal. It was initially planned for release in 1996, but a later report gave it an expected release date of early 1997. The team at Looking Glass visited and researched the set of \"Star Trek: Voyager\" in order to reproduce it accurately, and they created 3D laser scans of the cast's heads. Voice over from the cast was also recorded. The game's characters and pre-rendered backgrounds were created with 3D Studio and Alias, and the characters were animated with the skeletal animation system that had been developed for \"\". Designer Jonathan Chey worked on the game's physics and artificial intelligence code, which he later said were \"really weird\" features for an adventure game and evidence of unfocused development. During the game's showing at the 1996 Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3) in June, a writer for \"Computer Games Strategy Plus\" called it \"one of the most highly anticipated projects currently floating around the game world.\" \"Voyager\" was canceled in the spring of 1997, after 18 months in production. According to Looking Glass's Paul Neurath, the cancellation was due to Viacom's wider decision to abandon the video game industry. He believed that the Viacom deal and \"Voyager\" were ultimately a \"giant distraction\" and a \"boondoggle\" that hurt the company. These events started a financial downward spiral at Looking Glass, which, compounded by a string of troubled and commercially unsuccessful projects such as \"Terra Nova\" and \"British Open Championship Golf\", culminated in the company's closure in May 2000. Three members of the \"Voyager\" team—Chey, writer Ken Levine and designer Rob Fermier—became close friends during the game's development. The game's cancellation inspired them to start the spin-off developer Irrational Games in April 1997, which went on to develop \"System Shock 2\" in collaboration with Looking Glass. Levine later recalled that, while writing \"Voyager\"'s opening cutscene, he learned that technological limitations made it difficult for characters to express emotion; and this experience influenced his future writing for games such as \"BioShock Infinite\". Voyager (video game) Voyager was a graphic adventure computer game developed by Looking Glass Technologies from 1995 until its cancellation in 1997. It was published by Viacom New Media. Based on the \"\" license, the game followed Kathryn Janeway and"
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"retrieved": [
"Leontine Hass Leontine Hass is an internationally renowned vocal coach, Founder/CEO of The Associated Studios, Actress, Singer. Leontine has a thriving private practice consisting of professional singers and recording artists/ singer-songwriters. Her students have won major TV talent competitions, Mojo awards and performed as leads and ensemble in West End and National tours of productions such as Tell me on a Sunday, Thriller-Live, Oliver, Carousel, Parade, The Lion King, Phantom of the Opera, Witches of Eastwick, Nine, The Wizard of Oz, Ragtime, Sweeney Todd, Cats, Sister Act, We Will Rock You, Footloose, Wicked, Ragtime, The Sound of Music, Ghost, Hairspray, Porgy and Bess, The Bodyguard, Jesus Christ Superstar, Jersey Boys, Barnam, Miss Saigon, Book of Mormon, Mamma Mia, In the Heights, Colour Purple, We Will Rock You, Spamalot, Chicago and Miss Saigon. She also coaches members of The Swingle Singers, Collabro, The Magnets, and classical singers with ENO, Welsh National Opera and ROH, as well as Pop/Rock/Jazz singers. Leontine has taught at leading Music & Drama Schools including Guildford School of Acting, the Oxford School of Drama, Mountview, The Brit School, La Salle (Singapore), the Queensland Conservatorium, Centre Stage and The VCA (Melbourne). She has acted as vocal consultant for The Voice for BBC TV and ITV and is a regular Voice Clinic columnist at voicecouncil.com. She is a contributor to ‘The Singer’s Complete Guide to Vocal Health’ (Oxford Uni. Press), by Prof Anthony Jahn, consultant laryngologist to The Metropolitan Opera and The Juilliard School. She is advisor and contributor to ‘The Ultimate Guide to Singing’ published by TC Helicon in 2014. Having originally trained and worked as a singer and actress (BA, Melb. Uni, BMus. King's College London, Dip. RAM), in 2007 Hass founded The Associated Studios to offer professional development courses and masterclasses for Actors and Singers. She is also Artistic Director of WAM Co. (The Word and Music Company) which facilitates and devises the development of new writing in drama, musical theatre and opera. Leontine Hass Leontine Hass is an internationally renowned vocal coach, Founder/CEO of The Associated Studios, Actress, Singer. Leontine has a thriving private practice consisting of professional singers and recording artists/ singer-songwriters. Her students have won major TV talent competitions, Mojo awards and performed as leads and ensemble in West End and National tours of productions such as Tell me on a Sunday, Thriller-Live, Oliver, Carousel, Parade, The Lion King, Phantom of the Opera,"
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"Navua F.C. Navua F.C. is a Fijian football team playing in the second division of the Fiji Football Association competitions. They are based in Navua, which is situated on the southern side of the main island of Viti Levu, between the town of Sigatoka and the city of Suva. Their home stadium is Thomson Park. Their uniform is red shirt, blue shorts and white socks. Navua F.C. was founded in 1943, with the formation of the Navua Soccer Association, under the leadership of C.P. Singh, a former member of the Legislative Council. The team languished in the second division has moved up to the first division, and has performed credibly in recent times. \"Squad for the 2018 Inter-District Championship\" Navua F.C. Navua F.C. is a Fijian football team playing in the second division of the Fiji Football Association competitions. They are based in Navua, which is situated on the southern side of the main island of Viti Levu, between the town of Sigatoka and the city of Suva. Their home stadium is Thomson Park. Their uniform is red shirt, blue shorts and white socks. Navua F.C. was founded in 1943, with the formation of the Navua Soccer Association, under the"
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"2017 Atlanta Dream season The 2017 WNBA season was the tenth season for the Atlanta Dream of the Women's National Basketball Association. The team began its season on May 21, 2017 against the Chicago Sky, in its new home McCamish Pavilion on the Georgia Tech campus. The Dream had a strong start to the season posting a 4–1 record in May. However, the team finished 1–6 in June, falling under .500. The team couldn't recover its form for the rest of the season finishing a combined 7–15 in the last three months of the season. Their final record of 12–22 placed them 5th in the Eastern Conference, and failed to qualify the team for the playoffs. The Dream made the following selections in the 2017 WNBA Draft. Statistics are accurate as of September 4, 2017. <br> \"Source\": 2017 Atlanta Dream season The 2017 WNBA season was the tenth season for the Atlanta Dream of the Women's National Basketball Association. The team began its season on May 21, 2017 against the Chicago Sky, in its new home McCamish Pavilion on the Georgia Tech campus. The Dream had a strong start to the season posting a 4–1 record in May. However, the"
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"retrieved": [
"William Hopkins (Canadian politician) William Hopkins (March 1, 1864 – January 11, 1935) was a hardware merchant and political figure in Saskatchewan, Canada. He was mayor of Saskatoon from 1909 to 1910. He was born in Bentinck Township, Grey County, Canada West, the son of James Hopkins, who had served as township reeve. Hopkins was educated in Bentick and Hanover. He was employed by a woollen company in Hanover, then moved to Portage la Prairie in 1882, where he worked in a grocery store. Hopkins worked in stores in Brandon and Souris and then operated his own general store in Hartney from 1889 to 1896. He married Alice Jane Carson in 1895. In 1905, he opened a hardware store in Saskatoon and then, in 1908, a branch in Tessier. Hopkins served on the town council for Saskatoon from 1905 to 1908 and was president of the Union of Saskatchewan Municipalities in 1909. Hopkins was also involved in real estate and insurance. He was buried in Woodlawn Cemetery in Saskatoon. William Hopkins (Canadian politician) William Hopkins (March 1, 1864 – January 11, 1935) was a hardware merchant and political figure in Saskatchewan, Canada. He was mayor of Saskatoon from 1909 to"
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"retrieved": [
"Michael Briggs, Lord Briggs of Westbourne Michael Townley Featherstone Briggs, Lord Briggs of Westbourne, known as Lord Briggs (born 23 December 1954), is a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. He served earlier as a judge of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales. By Royal Warrant, he bears the courtesy title of Lord Briggs of Westbourne. He was educated at Charterhouse School and Magdalen College, Oxford. Michael Briggs was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1978 and was the Junior Counsel to Crown Chancery from 1990-94. He became a Queen's Counsel in 1994. He was made a Bencher of Lincoln's Inn in 2001, and was appointed Attorney General of the Duchy of Lancaster on 24 July of that year. He held the post until shortly after his appointment to the High Court. On 3 July 2006, he was appointed as a Justice of the High Court, receiving the customary knighthood and being assigned to the Chancery Division. From 2012 to 2013, Mr Justice Briggs was Vice-Chancellor of the County Palatine of Lancaster, a Chancery judge appointed by the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster in consultation with the Lord Chancellor to supervise Chancery business and hear cases in the North and North East. On 9 April 2013, Briggs was an appointed Lord Justice of Appeal and consequently appointed to the Privy Council. It was announced on Friday 21 July 2017 that Lord Justice Briggs would become a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. He took office as a Supreme Court Justice on 2 October 2017. Lord Justice Briggs was appointed as the Judge in charge of the Chancery Modernisation Review in 2013. The report was finally published in July 2016, and predictably came to be referred to as the \"Briggs report\". Part of those recommendations included proposals for a new online court to try and create a more affordable dispute resolution procedure. Notable decisions of Lord Briggs include: Michael Briggs, Lord Briggs of Westbourne Michael Townley Featherstone Briggs, Lord Briggs of Westbourne, known as Lord Briggs (born 23 December 1954), is a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. He served earlier as a judge of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales. By Royal Warrant, he bears the courtesy title of Lord Briggs of Westbourne. He was educated at Charterhouse School and Magdalen College, Oxford. Michael"
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"retrieved": [
"Shukr Shukr () is an Arabic term denoting thankfulness, gratitude, or acknowledgment by humans, is a highly esteemed virtue in Islam. The term may also be used if the subject is God, in which case it takes the meaning of \"divine responsiveness\". According to al-Raghib;Shukr is to recognise a blessing and display it. It has been said that it was originally kashr, meaning ‘to unveil and expose,’ then the first two letters were swapped. Its opposite is kufr, which is ‘to cover, conceal, and forget a blessing. God Prophets: the Qur'an provides narratives of the prophets of God as individuals of gratitude. Their thanksgiving is exemplified by their obedience and faithfulness to God: In a Sufi context, \"shukr\" is an internal state and its external expression. It is considered a station (\"maḳām\") of the wayfarer (\"sālik\"). The expression of \"shukr\" takes various forms in the Islamic tradition. The maxim \"he who does not thank his fellow men shows ingratitude towards God\" highlights the importance of such expression. On the other hand, those who are thanked are expected to say \"don't thank me, be grateful to God.\" It is common practice to kiss one's hands and to say \"I praise Him and thank Him for His bounty.\" Another expression is \"we are thankful to God, and we kiss the ground thousand fold that you are pleased.\" When asked about health, one may answer \"thank God\", gratitude to God is also commonly expressed for someone's recovery. In times of calamity, gratitude is expressed by saying \"thank God it is not more grave\". \"Shukr\" is also expressed by prostration (\"sujud\"). Although most notable for being a fundamental part of the Islamic prayer, Islamic traditions also mentions the \"sujud al-shukr\", literally meaning \"the thanksgiving prostration.\" Shukr Shukr () is an Arabic term denoting thankfulness,"
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"Chestnut-bellied seed finch The chestnut-bellied seed finch (\"Oryzoborus angolensis\") is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae, but was until recently placed in Emberizidae. It is found widely in shrubby and grassy areas in tropical and subtropical South America. Commonly known as \"Curió\" in most of the continent, specially in Brazil. In the Guyanas it is known as \"Towa Towa\". It has been replaced west of the Andes (and in Central America) by the closely related thick-billed seed finch (\"O. funereus\"), in which the male lacks the chestnut belly of the male chestnut-bellied seed-finch. The best singers are from Brazil (chestnut-bellied seed finch - \"Oryzoborus angolensis\"), where local breeders have developed breeding techniques which are helping growing population of the bird thus helping to reduce illegal traffic of the species. The two have often been considered conspecific as the lesser seed-finch, using the older scientific name \"O. angolensis\". Chestnut-bellied seed finch The chestnut-bellied seed finch (\"Oryzoborus angolensis\") is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae, but was until recently placed in Emberizidae. It is found widely in shrubby and grassy areas in tropical and subtropical South America. Commonly known as \"Curió\" in most of the continent, specially in"
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