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{ "retrieved": [ "Tay Rail Bridge The Tay Bridge carries the railway across the Firth of Tay in Scotland between Dundee and the suburb of Wormit in Fife. Its span is . It is the second bridge to occupy the site. Plans for a bridge over the Tay to replace the train ferry service emerged in 1854 but the first Tay Bridge did not open until 1878. It was a lightweight lattice design of relatively low cost with a single track. On 28 December 1879, the bridge suddenly collapsed in high winds. The incident is one of the greatest bridge-related engineering disasters to have occurred. An enquiry determined that the bridge was insufficiently engineered to cope with high winds. It was replaced by a second bridge constructed of iron and steel with a double-track parallel to the remains of the first bridge. Work commenced on 6 July 1883 and the bridge was opened in 1887. The new bridge was subject to extensive testing by the Board of Trade and it is use. In 2003, the bridge was strengthened and refurbished, winning a British Construction Industry Engineering Award to mark the scale and difficulty of the project. Proposals to build a bridge across the Tay date to 1854 but it was not until 15 July 1870 that the North British Railway (Tay Bridge) Act, received royal assent. On 22 July 1871, the foundation stone of the bridge was laid. The bridge was designed by engineer Thomas Bouch, who received a knighthood following the bridge's completion. The bridge was a lattice-grid design, combining cast and wrought iron. The design had been used by Thomas W. Kennard in the Crumlin Viaduct in South Wales in 1858, after the use of cast iron in The Crystal Palace. The Crystal Palace was not as heavily loaded as a railway bridge. An earlier cast-iron design, the Dee bridge collapsed in 1847, having failed because of poor use of cast-iron girders. Gustave Eiffel used a similar design to create several large viaducts in the Massif Central in 1867. The original design was for lattice girders supported by brick piers resting on the bedrock, shown by trial borings to lie at no great depth under the river. At either end of the bridge, the single track ran on top of the bridge girder, most of which lay below the pier tops. At the centre section of the bridge (the high girders), the railway ran inside the bridge girder, which was above the pier tops to give clearance for the passage of sailing ships. To accommodate thermal expansion, there were rigid connections between girders and piers. As the bridge extended out into the river, by December 1873, it became clear that the bedrock lay much deeper; too deep to act as a foundation for the bridge piers. Bouch redesigned the bridge to reduce the number of piers and increase the span of the girders. The pier foundations were no longer resting on bedrock; instead they were constructed by sinking brick-lined wrought-iron caissons onto the riverbed, removing sand until they rested on the consolidated gravel layer which had been misreported as rock, and then filling the caissons with concrete. To reduce the weight that the ground underneath the caissons would have to support, the brick piers were replaced by open lattice iron skeleton piers, each pier had multiple cast-iron columns taking the weight of the bridging girders, with wrought iron horizontal braces and diagonal tiebars linking the columns to give rigidity and stability. The basic concept was well known, having been used by Kennard in the Crumlin Viaduct in South Wales in 1858; Bouch had used the technique for viaducts including the Belah Viaduct (1860)) on the South Durham & Lancashire Union Railway line over Stainmore, but for the Tay Bridge, even with the largest practicable caissons the pier dimensions were constrained by their size. Bouch’s pier design set six columns in a hexagon maximising the pier width but not the number of diagonal braces directly resisting sideways forces. The engineering details on the Tay Bridge were considerably simpler, lighter, and cheaper than on the earlier viaducts. On these the machined base of each column section docked securely into a machined enlarged section of the top of the section below. The joint was then secured by bolts through matching holes on lugs (Crumlin) or flanges (Belah) on the two sections. This 'spigot and faucet' configuration was used (apparently without machining) on some Tay Bridge pier columns, but on some the bolts were relied upon to ensure correct alignment. (In the event, the joints were made using undersized bolts. This gave greater tolerances when assembling the column, but the less positive alignment of the column joints as initially assembled and after any subsequent 'working' of the joint would have weakened the column). On the Tay Bridge the diagonal bracing was by means of flat bars running from one lug at the column section top (an integral part of the column casting ) to two sling plates bolted to the diagonally opposite lug. Bar and sling plates all had a matching longitudinal slot in them; the tie bar was placed between the sling plates with all three slots aligned and overlapping and a gib driven through all three slots and secured. Two cotters (metal wedges) were then positioned to fill the rest of the slot overlap, and driven in hard to put the tie under tension. Horizontal bracing was provided by (wrought iron) channel iron. The various bolt heads were too close to each other, and to the column for easy tightening up with spanners; this coupled with lack of precision in the preparation of the channel iron braces led to various on site fitting expedients (one of them described by a witness to the enquiry as \"about as slovenly a piece of work as ever I saw in my life\").) On the Crumlin and Belah Viaducts, however, horizontal bracing was provided by substantial fitted cast-iron girders securely attached to the columns, with the diagonal braces then being attached to the girders. The Chairman of the Court of Inquiry quoted at length from a contemporary book praising the detailed engineering of the Belah viaduct piers (and describing the viaduct as one of the lightest and cheapest of the kind that had ever been erected). ... It is a distinguishing feature in this viaduct that the cross, or distance girders of the piers encircle the columns, which are turned up at that point, the girders being bored out to fit the turned part with great accuracy. No cement of any kind was used in the whole structure, and the piers when completed, and the vertical and horizontal wrough-iron bracings keyed up, are nearly as rigid as though they were one solid piece... ... The fitting was all done by machines, which were specially designed for the purpose, and finished the work with mathematical accuracy The flanges of the column were all faced up and their edges turned, and every column was stepped into the one below it with a lip of about 5/8 of an inch in depth, the lip and socket for it being actually turned and bored. That portion of the column against which the cross girders rested was also turned. The whole of these operations were performed at one time, the column being centred in a hollow mandril-lathe. After being turned the columns passed on to a drilling machine, in which all the holes in each flange were drilled out of the solid simultaneously. And as this was done with them all in the same machine, the holes of course, perfectly coincided when the columns were placed one on the other in the progress of erection. Similar care was taken with the cross-girders, which were bored out at the ends by machines designed for that purpose. Thus, when the pieces of the viaduct had to be put together at the place of erection there was literally not a tool required, and neither chipping or filing to retard the progress of the work. Either, said the Chairman, the Belah viaduct had been over-engineered, or the Tay Bridge had been under engineered. Whilst Bouch was in the process of revising his design, the company which had been awarded the contract", "machine, in which all the holes in each flange were drilled out of the solid simultaneously. And as this was done with them all in the same machine, the holes of course, perfectly coincided when the columns were placed one on the other in the progress of erection. Similar care was taken with the cross-girders, which were bored out at the ends by machines designed for that purpose. Thus, when the pieces of the viaduct had to be put together at the place of erection there was literally not a tool required, and neither chipping or filing to retard the progress of the work. Either, said the Chairman, the Belah viaduct had been over-engineered, or the Tay Bridge had been under engineered. Whilst Bouch was in the process of revising his design, the company which had been awarded the contract for the bridge's construction, Messrs De Bergue of Cardiff, went out of business. During June 1874, a replacement contract for the work was issued to Hopkin Gilkes and Company, successors to the Middlesbrough company which had previously provided the ironwork for the Belah viaduct. Gilkes had originally intended to produce all the bridge ironwork on Teesside, but in the event continued to use a foundry at Wormit to produce the cast-iron components, and to carry out limited post-casting machining operations. The change in design increased cost and necessitated delay, intensified after two of the high girders fell when being lifted into place during the night of Friday, 3 February 1877. The fallen girders had to be removed and new ones built. and the piers to be erected again ; and this threatened seriously to interfere with the expectation of having the bridge finished for the passage of a train by September. Only eight months were now available for the erection and floating out of six, and the lifting of ten 245’ spans. Five and seven respectively of the 145’ spans had yet to go through the same process. Seven large and three small piers had yet to be built. The weight of iron which had to be put in its place was 2,700 tons, and it seemed incredible that all this could he done in eight months. A good deal would depend on the weather but this was far from favourable. Despite this, on 22 September 1877, the first engine crossed the bridge, and upon its completion in early 1878 the Tay Bridge was the longest in the world. While visiting the city, Ulysses S. Grant commented that it was \"a big bridge for a small city\". Like all UK rail lines, the Tay Bridge was subject to a Board of Trade inspection before it could carry passenger trains. The inspection was conducted 25–27 February 1878 by Major General Hutchinson of the Railway Inspectorate, who measured the deflection of the 245 ft bridge girders under a distributed load of 1.5 tons per foot (5 t/m) due to heavy locomotives (travelling at up to 40 mph (65 km/hr) as less than 2 inches (50 mm). He reported that \"these results are in my opinion to be regarded as satisfactory. The lateral oscillation [roughly, rhythmic side-to-side movement], as observed by the theodolite when the engines ran over at speed, was very slight and the structure overall showed great stiffness\". Hutchinson did require some minor remedial work to be performed, and also issued a 'recommendation' to impose a 25 mph speed limit on traffic passing over the bridge. Subsequently, Hutchinson explained to the Inquiry that he had suggested this speed limit because of the minimal taper on the piers. The inspection report added: \"When again visiting the spot I should wish, if possible, to have an opportunity of observing the effects of high wind when a train of carriages is running over the bridge\". On 1 June 1878, the Tay Bridge was opened for passenger traffic, while formal opening ceremonies having taken place during the previous day, in the course of which Thomas Bouch was made a burgess of Dundee \"in respect of his meritorious services as engineer of the bridge. ...\" On 20 June 1879, Queen Victoria crossed the bridge during her return south from staying at Balmoral; Bouch was presented to her before she did so. On 26 June 1879, he was knighted by the Queen at Windsor Castle. On the night of 28 December 1879 at 7.15 pm, the bridge collapsed after its central spans gave way during high winter gales. A train with six carriages carrying seventy-five passengers and crew, crossing at the time of the collapse, plunged into the icy waters of the Tay. All seventy-five persons were lost. The disaster stunned the whole country and sent shock waves through the Victorian engineering community. The ensuing enquiry revealed that the design of the bridge had not accommodated for high winds. At the time of the collapse, a gale estimated at force ten or eleven (Tropical Storm force winds: 55-72 mph/80–117 km/hr) had been blowing down the Tay estuary at right angles to the bridge. The engine itself (North British Railway no. 224) was salvaged from the river and subsequently restored for service on the railway. The collapse of the bridge, despite having only opened nineteen months earlier and having been passed as safe by the Board of Trade, has a long term impact on wider society. According to some commenters, it is still regarded as having been the most notorious bridge disaster to have ever occurred in the British Isles. Within 10 days of the disaster, German poet Theodor Fontane wrote his famous poem . The disaster was commemorated in \"The Tay Bridge Disaster\", one of the best-known verse efforts of William McGonagall. In the present day, the stumps of the original bridge piers are still visible above the surface of the Tay even at high tide. Almost immediately following the disaster that befell the first Tay Bridge, the North British Railway company set about developing plans for its reconstruction or replacement. During 1880, barely six months after the accident, the North British Railway (Tay Bridge) Bill for a construction of a new bridge was submitted to Parliament. The bill was reviewed by a special committee, chaired by Sir Lopes Massey Lopes, 3rd Baronet; Lopes drew attention to the substantial pressure for safety factors to be considered in light of the loss of the earlier bridge, including the need to examine the suitability of the location. In response to this inquiry, Mr Walker, the general manager of the North British Railway, stated his opinion that there was no more suitable site than what had been chosen, emphasising the relatively large interchange of traffic in the area and the importance of making the line as direct as practically possible. Additionally, a number of local witnesses, who included several leading merchants from Dundee, spoke favourably of the proposed location. Plans for the reconstructed bridge was submitted by civil engineer Sir James Brunlees. His proposed design would have involved doubling the piers of the first bridge by installing the new columns on the east side of each of the existing piers, while arched brickwork would have been used to join the old and new elements alike. On top of these foundations, a brick decking that would be sufficiently wide as to carry two sets of girders as well as a double-track layout would be laid. Brunlees proposed that the permanent way should be laid on the upper booms of the girders. The addition of bowstring girders, positioned 20 feet high over the fairway, was considered to have much less exposure to the wind and greater lateral stiffness than the girders of the first bridge. The girders would also have been doubled, to be capable of resisting 200 lb to the square foot of wind pressure, while the piers as designed were to be capable of resisting a pressure of 900 lb per square foot. Overall, Brunlees' proposed structure would have possessed greater strength for resisting lateral pressure over the original. This proposal had an estimated total cost of £356,323. While it was carefully considered, the Board of Trade regarded the practice of connecting the old bridge's to a new design to be", "that the permanent way should be laid on the upper booms of the girders. The addition of bowstring girders, positioned 20 feet high over the fairway, was considered to have much less exposure to the wind and greater lateral stiffness than the girders of the first bridge. The girders would also have been doubled, to be capable of resisting 200 lb to the square foot of wind pressure, while the piers as designed were to be capable of resisting a pressure of 900 lb per square foot. Overall, Brunlees' proposed structure would have possessed greater strength for resisting lateral pressure over the original. This proposal had an estimated total cost of £356,323. While it was carefully considered, the Board of Trade regarded the practice of connecting the old bridge's to a new design to be dangerous, leading to the rejection of both the proposed design and the overall bill. While the bill's rejection was a setback, the North British Railway, placing great importance on the connection between Fife and Forfarshire, was committed to developing a viable design. During August 1880, the noted railway engineer William Henry Barlow, of Barlow & Sons, London, was consulted on the matter. Following experiments upon the first bridge's remains, Barlow gave his opinion that the intact portions should be abandoned in favour of a new structure spanning between the two shores. Adopting this as the basis of their next submission, a new bill was raised and put before a select committee of the House of Commons on 10 May 1881. With little alteration or suggestions issued, this was soon passed. During November 1881, a contract for the new bridge's construction was awarded to Messrs William Arrol & Co of Glasgow. For the new bridge's design, Messrs Barlow elected to refrain from using any untested engineering principles, instead choosing to strictly adhere to established methodology. The second Tay Bridge is a straightforward pier-and-lattice girder bridge; aside from its considerable length, it lacks any distinguishing characteristics. It has an overall length of 10,780 feet, which is covered by a total of 85 spans. These spans are ordinary brick arches, backed by cement concrete and set on top of piers which are supported by pairs of columns. Wanting to avoid a repeat of the fate of the First Tay Bridge, a principal intention of the design is stability, followed in importance by measures to minimise the bridge's weight and the adoption of aesthetically pleasing shaping where possible without compromising on structural strength. The piers, which are primarily built from brick and concrete, are enclosed by a wrought iron caisson up to the low-water mark, above which a brick exterior is used, which cannot be infiltrated by water. The submerged portions are cased with blue vitrified brick. Above the high-water mark, each pair of piers have a connecting masonry section, terminating at the superstructure's base. Due to the high proportion of masonry on the piers, they were extremely heavy, which meant that Messrs Barlow worked to minimise the structure's weight without the piers being weakening. As such, a graceful iron superstructure was adopted. Above the brickwork, two firmly braced octagonal columns continued upwards to meet the inner members in the form of an arch. Other members were used to provide a bed for the girders to provide for substantial pier that took much of its weight away from the basal area. Since the Second Tay Bridge's completion, the lattice girder arrangement has become a commonplace feature, near-universally adopted for bridge construction. The configuration provides for a high levels of compression strain despite the girders being comparatively light. The decking is composed of steel and is surrounded both sides of the bridge by a closely knit latticework, which functions as a wind screen as well as somewhat protecting the workers. On 9 March 1882, the work on the second bridge commenced, located upstream of, and parallel to, the original bridge. The first portions of the bridge to be erected were built upon the southern shore; work proceeded for some time before construction activities were initiated on the northern shore. Despite this, the majority of bridge was erected simultaneously at both ends, continuing until the centre girders were connected and the junction was completed. Only some of the girders of the old bridge were reused for the new structure, and none had been used without having been subjected to considerable testing beforehand. It is believed that fourteen men lost their lives during the bridge's construction, most by drowning. Large quantities of materials were used in the construction of the bridge. In terms of wrought iron, 16,300 tons were used for the piers and girders, if the 118 girders from the previous bridge were also included, the total weight is believed to amount to roughly 19,000 tons. 3,500 tons of steel was also used, while the cast iron elements of the piers weighs 2,500 tons, for a combined 25,000 tons of iron and steel having been used. Around 10 million bricks, possessing a combined weight of 37,500 tons, were used to build both the approaches to the bridge and the cylinders. The total weight of the concrete used is 70,000 tons. Additionally, the bridge contains around 3,000,000 rivets. The estimated cost for the second bridge was £640,000; while this figure was overran, it did not prove to have been overly optimistic. When the construction work is broken down, the founding of the piers was calculated as having cost £282,000, the installation of the girders and parapets £268,000, while £90,000 was involved in producing the approaches and arches. Some additional costs of roughly £16,000 had been incurred to improve the approach to the bridge from Newport, the branch line was reconstructed for a distance of half a mile eastward. When combined with the £350,000 cost of the first Tay Bridge, the North British Railway had spent roughly a million pounds to bridge the Tay. Prior to entering service, the completed structure was subjected to an extensive examination by inspectors working for the Board of Trade. Being keen to avoid a repeat of the disaster of the first Tay Bridge, the second bridge was subjected to stringent testing, which in some cases simulated conditions that were far in excess of any were ever likely to be encountered during the entirety of its service life. According to the reports submitted, the results from this testing were satisfying, clearing the way for operational use. On 11 June 1887, the first passenger-carrying trains passed along the second Tay Bridge. On 20 June 1887, which also happened to be the fiftieth anniversary of Queen Victoria's accession, the bridge was opened for use by general traffic. The second Tay Bridge has remained in use to the present day. To protect the structure from sustaining damage, the double-heading of locomotives is prohibited on all trains that traverse the bridge; it has been stipulated that consecutive locomotives must be separated by at least using barrier or reach wagons. During 2003, a £20.85 million strengthening and refurbishment project on the bridge won the British Construction Industry Civil Engineering Award, in consideration of the staggering scale and logistics involved. More than of bird droppings were scraped off the ironwork lattice of the bridge using hand tools, and bagged into sacks. At the same time, hundreds of thousands of rivets were removed and replaced, all of which was being done by workers who were in very exposed conditions while high over a firth with fast-running tides. Tay Rail Bridge The Tay Bridge carries the railway across the Firth of Tay in Scotland between Dundee and the suburb of Wormit in Fife. Its span is . It is the second bridge to occupy the site. Plans for a bridge over the Tay to replace the train ferry service emerged in 1854 but the first Tay Bridge did not open until 1878. It was a lightweight lattice design of", "Construction Industry Civil Engineering Award, in consideration of the staggering scale and logistics involved. More than of bird droppings were scraped off the ironwork lattice of the bridge using hand tools, and bagged into sacks. At the same time, hundreds of thousands of rivets were removed and replaced, all of which was being done by workers who were in very exposed conditions while high over a firth with fast-running tides. Tay Rail Bridge The Tay Bridge carries the railway across the Firth of Tay in Scotland between Dundee and the suburb of Wormit in Fife. Its span is . It is the second bridge to occupy the site. Plans for a bridge over the Tay to replace the train ferry service emerged in 1854 but the first Tay Bridge did not open until 1878. It was a lightweight lattice design of relatively low cost with a single track. On 28 December 1879, the bridge suddenly collapsed in high winds. The incident is one of the greatest bridge-related" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Franklin Simon & Co. Franklin Simon & Co. was a department store chain specializing in women's fashions and furnishing based in New York City. The store was conceived as a collection of specialty shops rather than a traditional U.S. dry goods store. Each \"shop\" had a specialty product line, such as ready-to-wear apparel for women, misses, girls, boys, men, young men and infants. When the chain closed in 1979, there were 42 stores. The chain was founded in February 1902, as Franklin Simon Specialty Shops by Franklin Simon (1865-1934) and his business partner Herman A. Flurscheim. Leroy C. Palmer became president of the company in 1934 at the death of Franklin Simon, and Benjamin Goldstein was the head of Franklin Simon until 1963. The store's concept was \"to import much of his merchandise [from Europe] with a view to selling the imported goods as cheaply, if possible, as the domestic.\" In 1936, the chain was purchased by Atlas Corporation from the Simon family for $2 million. In 1945, Franklin Simon & Co. was acquired by City Stores Company of Philadelphia. Oppenheim Collins & Company, Inc merged with Franklin Simon, but the two chains continued to operate under separate trade names and as separate divisions under the newly formed City Specialty Stores. In 1961/1962, City Stores changed the name of the Oppenheim Collins & Co. stores to Franklin Simon. City Stores filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in July 1979. Under the reorganization plan, City Stores closed the 42 Franklin Simon stores. In 1993, Dover Books on Costume reissued the \"Franklin Simon Fashion Catalog for 1923\". The main store was established in 1903, at 414 Fifth Avenue at 38th Street, the former home of Mrs. Orme Wilson, sister of John Jacob Astor. It was the first big Fifth Avenue store above 34th Street. The store closed in 1977. A building st 19th and Broadway, built in 1868-1877 as Arnold Constable Dry Goods Store, later became its flagship, and of W. & J. Sloane, another subsidiary of City Stores. In 1932, Franklin Simon & Co. opened its first branch store in Greenwich, Connecticut. Other early branch locations were at Westport, Connecticut, on the Boston Post Road, near the intersection of South Compo Road, and Manhasset, New York (on Long Island). There were also stores in the Highland Plaza shopping center in Memphis, TN, Green Acres Mall in Valley Stream, New York, the Cross County Shopping Center in Yonkers, New York, Central Avenue in East Orange, New Jersey, and the Livingston Mall, in Livingston, New Jersey. Founder Franklin Simon also operated a resort shop at Palm Beach, Florida in 1932. Branch stores also operated in the Buffalo, New York area. When the chain closed in 1979, there were 42 stores. Franklin Simon & Co. Franklin Simon & Co. was a department store chain specializing in women's fashions and furnishing based in New York City. The store was conceived as a collection of specialty shops rather than a traditional U.S. dry goods store. Each \"shop\"" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Tears (film) Tears is a 2000 South Korean film directed by Im Sang-soo. It tells the story of 4 runaway teenagers in the Garibong-dong district of Seoul and their struggles to survive the tough streets. Director Im had the idea for this film before he shot his first film, \"Girls' Night Out\". He spent 5 months in the Garibong-dong district amongst the homeless runaway teenagers gaining their trust and learning their lives before putting pen to paper on the screenplay. It was shot on digital video to save production costs, and did not do well at the box office. Han, a young runaway, and Chang, an over-the-top teen, are close friends. Chang is a foulmouthed, womanizer while Han is a quiet and humble virgin. As they venture into the streets of Garibong-dong and jump from apartment to apartment, they encounter a young hooker, Lan, and Seri, a paint-sniffing young woman who finds comfort in the hands of Han. And this forms the unlikely group of teenagers facing the hardships of street life. Tears (film) Tears is a 2000 South Korean film directed by Im Sang-soo. It tells the story of 4 runaway teenagers in the Garibong-dong district of Seoul and" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Francisca Senhorinha da Motta Diniz Francisca Senhorinha da Motta Diniz, also known as Francisca Diniz (? in São João del Rey, Minas Gerais – ? in Campanha, Minas Gerais), was a Brazilian teacher who played an important role in feminism. She founded a newspaper entitled \"O Sexo feminino\". The weekly newspaper was aimed toward promoting the need for education of women and alerting them that their enemy was ignorance imposed by male culture. She argued that Brazilian problems would be solved with a greater and more effective participation of women in society. The most violent and strenuous activities should be left for men and the lighter and more intellectual ones for women. The newspaper was an early advocate of female suffrage. With the proclamation of the Republic and the end of the Monarchy, only literate men were allowed to vote. In protest against segregation, the journal changed its name to \"O Quinze de Novembro do Sexo Feminino\", bringing a broader perspective to the discussion of suffrage. Francisca Senhorinha da Motta Diniz Francisca Senhorinha da Motta Diniz, also known as Francisca Diniz (? in São João del Rey, Minas Gerais – ? in Campanha, Minas Gerais), was a Brazilian teacher who" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Fillmore Township, Fillmore County, Minnesota Fillmore Township is a township in Fillmore County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 485 at the 2000 census. Fillmore Township was organized in 1858, and took its name from Fillmore County. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were 485 people, 178 households, and 137 families residing in the township. The population density was 13.9 people per square mile (5.4/km²). There were 202 housing units at an average density of 5.8/sq mi (2.2/km²). The racial makeup of the township was 98.35% White, 0.62% African American, 0.21% Native American, 0.21% Asian, 0.21% from other races, and 0.41% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.21% of the population. There were 178 households out of which 34.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.9% were married couples living together, 2.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.5% were non-families. 18.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.12. In the township the population was spread out with 26.8% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 31.1% from 25 to 44, 24.5% from 45 to 64, and 11.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.6 males. The median income for a household in the township was $40,417, and the median income for a family was $43,125. Males had a median income of $25,625 versus $25,156 for females. The per capita income for the township was $18,431. About 4.3% of families and 4.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.8% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over. Fillmore Township, Fillmore County, Minnesota Fillmore Township is a township in Fillmore County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 485 at the 2000 census. Fillmore Township was organized in 1858, and took its name from Fillmore County. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , all of it" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Saffron bun A saffron bun, Cornish tea treat bun or revel bun, Swedish \"lussebulle\" or \"lussekatt\", Norwegian \"lussekatt\", is a rich, spiced yeast-leavened sweet bun that is flavoured with saffron and cinnamon or nutmeg and contains currants similar to a teacake. The main ingredients are plain flour, butter, yeast, caster sugar, currants and sultanas. Larger versions baked in a loaf tin are known as saffron cake. In parts of Britain, the buns were traditionally baked on sycamore leaves and dusted with powdered sugar. The \"revel bun\" from Cornwall is baked for special occasions, such as anniversary feasts (revels), or the dedication of a church. In the West of Cornwall large saffron buns are also known as \"tea treat buns\" and are associated with Methodist Sunday school outings or activities. In Sweden and Norway no cinnamon or nutmeg is used in the bun, and raisins are used instead of currants. The buns are baked into many traditional shapes, of which the simplest is a reversed S-shape. They are traditionally eaten during Advent, and especially on Saint Lucy's Day, December 13. In addition to Sweden, they are also prepared and eaten in much the same way in Finland, above all in Swedish-speaking areas and by Swedish-speaking Finns, as well as in Norway and more rarely in Denmark. Most commercially available saffron buns and cakes today contain food dyes that enhance the natural yellow provided by saffron. The very high cost of saffron - the world's most expensive spice by weight - makes the inclusion of sufficient saffron to produce a rich colour an uneconomical option. The addition of food colouring in Cornish saffron buns was already common by the end of the First World War when the scarcity of saffron tempted bakers to find other ways to colour their products. Saffron bun" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Peter Härtling Peter Härtling (13 November 1933 – 10 July 2017) was a German writer, poet, publisher and journalist. He received the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany for his major contribution to German literature. Härtling was born in Chemnitz, and spent the early part of his childhood living in Hartmannsdorf, Mittweida, where his father maintained a law firm. Following the outbreak of World War II, the family moved to the German-occupied town of Olomouc in Moravia. Like many of the town's German residents, Härtling's family fled before the Red Army's advance on the city during the final months of the war; the family briefly settled in Zwettl, Austria. Härtling's father was captured by the Russians, and died in June 1945 at the prisoner-of-war camp in Dollersheim. Following the conclusion of World War II, Härtling finally settled in Nürtingen, Baden-Württemberg. His mother committed suicide in October 1946. He studied under HAP Grieshaber at the Bernsteinschule art school, before starting work as a journalist. Härtling had his first collection of poetry published in 1953. From 1967 to 1973, Härtling was the managing director of the German publishing house S. Fischer Verlag, located in Frankfurt. Härtling became a full-time writer after leaving S. Fischer Verlag. In the winter semester of 1983/84, he hosted the annual Frankfurter Poetik-Vorlesungen, a lecture series, in which a prominent writer discourses on topics pertaining to their work. Härtling used his lectureship to demonstrate the process of using a found object as the inspiration for a literary work. During the series of lectures, he wrote \"Der spanische Soldat\", a short story based on a photograph by Robert Capa. Härtling worked as the editor of the magazine \"Der Monat\", and as the president of the Hölderlin society. In 1973 he moved to Mörfelden-Walldorf where he lived until his death on 10 July 2017. Härtling devoted a large proportion of his literary output – both in poetry, and in prose – to the reclamation of history, and his own past. His autobiographical novel, \"Zwettl\" (1973), deals with the period he spent living in Lower Austria, after his family fled from the Red Army. \"Nachgetragene Liebe\" (1980) recounts Härtling's earliest memories of his deceased father. Another major influence on Härtling's works has been the literature and music of Romanticism. Amongst other works, Härtling has written fictionalised biographical works on the writers Friedrich Hölderlin, Wilhelm Waiblinger and E. T. A. Hoffmann, and the composers Franz Schubert, and Robert Schumann. In 1969, after writing a eulogy for the Czech children's writer Jan Procházka, Härtling began writing books for children. His first children's book, \"Und das ist die ganze Familie\", was published the following year. His children's literature has often focused on social problems involving children. In \"Das war der Hirbel\" (1973), he wrote about the home of a maladjusted child, and \"Oma\" (1975) talks about aging and death, whilst \"Theo haut ab\" (1977) deals with being uprooted from home and family. There are English translations of several of his children's books, including \"Granny\" (\"Oma\"), \"Crutches\" (\"Krücke\"), \"Ben Loves Anna\" (\"Ben liebt Anna\"), \"Old John\" (\"Alter John\"), and \"Herbie's World\" (\"Das war der Hirbel\"). Härtling moderated \"Literatur im Kreuzverhör\", a radio show on the cultural radio station of Hessischer Rundfunk. Peter Härtling's awards include: Wilhelm Killmayer set nine of his poems in his song cycle \"\" in 1968. *Ludvík Václavek: Peter Härtling und Olmütz. In: Lucy Topoľská und Ludvík Václavek: \"Beiträge zur Deutschsprachigen Literatur in Tschechien.\" (= \"Beiträge zur mährischen deutschsprachigen Literatur.\" Band 3). Univerzita Palackého, Olomouc 2000, , S. 211-214. Peter Härtling Peter Härtling (13 November 1933 – 10 July" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Rugby union in Serbia Rugby union in Serbia is a minor but growing sport. The game was first played in Belgrade after the first World War and was revived again in the 1950s. Serbia currently has 17 rugby clubs and around 2,000 players. The Rugby Union of Serbia (Рагби Савез Србије) is the national governing body for the sport. It has been a member of World Rugby (formerly the IRB) since 1988. The history of rugby in Serbia began when it was part of Yugoslavia. Rugby union became a moderately popular sport in the country and although Croatia was the main centre for the sport in the former Yugoslavia there was also a lot of rugby played in Serbia. The first known Serbian rugby players were students at George Heriot's School in Edinburgh, Scotland during the First World War. On 11 April 1918 they played the first unofficial international game against students from a British Dominions XV and won by eight points to three in front of 10,000 spectators. Notable players were Toma Tomic from Leskovac, Dimitrije Dulkanovic and Danilo Pavlovic. The students returned to Serbia after the war and formed the \"Jugoslavija\" club in Belgrade and the \"Beli orao\" club in Sabac. By 1923, however, rugby activities had ceased due to a lack of available pitches. Rugby was re-introduced to the country in the 1950s. A Belgrade team, RK Partizan, was formed in 1953 and a few months later the Radnicki club was formed. The first match between the two teams was played in April 1954 with Partizan winning 21–11. The Rugby Championship of Yugoslavia ran from 1957 to 1992. Dinamo Pančevo won the first championship played in 1957, and later in '68, '69, '74 and '79. Dinamo Pančevo won the first Cup competition held that same year, in 1979. RK Partizan, won the second, third, and fourth titles in 1958 to '60 as well as the final two in '91 and '92 before the breakup of Yugoslavia. The Yugoslavia national rugby union team played its first international in July 1968 against a Romanian XV, losing 3 points to 11. Through the 70s and 80s, Serbian players represented Yugoslavia together with players from Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia. This came to an end in 1991 with the Yugoslav Wars which resulted in a gap of five years with no international rugby. The Serbian clubs played in the Serbia and Montenegro Championship from the 1992–93 season through until 2005–06. The competition became the Rugby Championship of Serbia from 2006–07 onwards. When the Yugoslav team reformed in 1996, it consisted of players from Serbia only and they played their first international against at Vršac in May of that year. From 2003 to mid 2006, they played as Serbia and Montenegro. After the two countries split in 2006, Serbia and Montenegro had their own national teams. The first official international match played by the Serbia national rugby union team was in October 2006. The Serbia women's national rugby union team played their first international in 2007, but now mainly focus on rugby sevens. The men's and women's national teams (15s and 7s) compete mainly in European competitions. As of February 2015, the Serbian national team was placed 84th in the World Rugby rankings. The teams in the Rugby Championship of Serbia as of 2016 are: Teams that previously participated in the Serbian Championship include: RK Dinamo Pancevo, RK Dorćol, RK Iron Fortress (from Smederevo), Royal Belgrade and in Division B: RK Red Star and Balkan Mosquito. Other rugby clubs in Serbia include the junior team Singidunum RK, and the Belgrade Women's rugby club (Ženski ragbi klub Beograd). BRK Red Star also runs a sports program for people with disabilities. Rugby union in Serbia Rugby union in Serbia is a minor but growing sport. The game was first played in Belgrade after the first World War and was revived again in the 1950s. Serbia currently has 17 rugby clubs and around 2,000 players. The Rugby Union of Serbia (Рагби Савез Србије) is the national governing body for the sport. It has been a member of World Rugby (formerly the IRB) since 1988. The history of rugby in Serbia began when it was part of" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "1958 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season The 1958 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season was the tenth F.I.M. Road Racing World Championship Grand Prix season. The season consisted of seven Grand Prix races in five classes: 500cc, 350cc, 250cc, 125cc and Sidecars 500cc. It began on 6 June, with Isle of Man TT and ended with Nations Grand Prix in Italy on 14 September. † The Nations Grand Prix also held a non-championship 175 cc race, won by the Italian, Francesco Villa. Points were awarded to the top six finishers in each race. Only the four best races counted in 125cc, 250cc, 350cc and 500cc championships, while in the Sidecars the three best results were counted. 1958 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season The 1958 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season was the tenth F.I.M. Road Racing World Championship Grand Prix season. The season consisted of seven Grand Prix races in five classes: 500cc, 350cc, 250cc, 125cc and Sidecars 500cc. It began on 6 June, with Isle of Man TT and ended with Nations Grand Prix in Italy on 14 September. † The Nations Grand Prix also held a non-championship 175 cc race, won by the Italian, Francesco Villa. Points were awarded to" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "2014–15 Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1 The 2014–15 Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1 (\"Tunisian Professional League\") season was the 89th season of top-tier football in Tunisia. The competition began on 13 August 2014 and ended on 2 June 2015. The defending champions from the previous season are Espérance de Tunis. A total of 16 teams will contest the league, including 13 sides from the 2013–14 season and three promoted from the 2013–14 Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 2. AS Djerba was the first to obtain promotion, followed by AS Gabès and finally ES Zarzis one game before the end of the promotion group league. The three teams made their comeback to the Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1 after finishing in the 3 first places of the six-team promotion group. On the other hand, Olympique Béja, LPS Tozeur and Grombalia Sports were the 3 last teams of the 2013-14 season and will play in the Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 2 during the 2014-15 season. Espérance Sportive de Tunis are the defending champions from the 2013-14 season. <br> 2014–15 Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1 The 2014–15 Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1 (\"Tunisian Professional League\") season was the 89th season of top-tier football in Tunisia. The competition began on 13 August" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "USS Sable (IX-81) USS \"Sable\" (IX-81) was a training ship of the United States Navy during World War II. Originally built as the passenger ship \"Greater Buffalo\", a sidewheel excursion steamer, she was purchased by the Navy in 1942 and converted to a training aircraft carrier to be used on the Great Lakes. Lacking a hangar deck, elevators or armament, she was not a true warship, but provided advanced training of naval aviators in carrier takeoffs and landings. On her first day of service fifty-nine pilots became qualified within nine hours of operations, with each making eight takeoffs and landings. Pilot training was conducted seven days a week in all types of weather conditions. One aviator who trained upon the \"Sable\" was future president George H. W. Bush. Following World War II, \"Sable\" was decommissioned on 7 November 1945. She was sold for scrapping on 7 July 1948 to the H.H. Buncher Company. \"Sable\" and her sister ship, USS \"Wolverine\", hold the distinction of being the only freshwater, coal-fired, side paddle-wheel aircraft carriers used by the United States Navy. Formerly named \"Greater Buffalo\", \"Sable\" was built in 1924 by the American Ship Building Company of Lorain, Ohio as a sidewheel excursion steamer designed by marine architect Frank E. Kirby. Her hull number was 00786 and the official number assigned to her was 223663. The interior of the ship was designed by W & J Sloane & Company of New York City in what was referred to as \"an adaptation of the Renaissance style\". The ship's saloon was on two decks, and there were 650 staterooms and more than 1,500 berths for passengers. A -long transportation-themed mural, painted by New York City artists Francklyn Paris and Frederick Wiley, was created on board \"Greater Buffalo\". On the promenade deck at the stern of the ship was a smoking room with a line of windows that arced from one side of the ship to the other. Each room had a telephone connected by a central switch board located in the ship's lobby. The highest priced staterooms offered a private bathroom, couch and balcony. Her dining room could seat 375 with amenities including distilled water and what was advertised as \"washed and cooled air\". Foot lights were incorporated into the hallways and staircases so that the main lights could be turned off for the passengers sleeping comfort. \"Greater Buffalo\" could transport up to 103 vehicles on her main deck and 1,000 tons of freight. At the time she was given the nickname \"Majestic of the Great Lakes\". To protect against a shipboard fire, safety features that were included in her construction included an automatic fire alarm system, a sprinkler system throughout the ship and fire safety walls. Her hull was all steel with eleven watertight compartments and a double bottom divided into sixteen watertight compartments. Hydraulically controlled watertight doors could be remotely operated from the engine room. A full-time watchman was on duty to add an extra layer of protection for the ship and passengers. Navigation equipment included a Sperry gyro compass and log, a Haynes automatic sounding machine along with high powered searchlights at each end of the ship. The ship was also equipped with twelve 60-person capacity lifeboats along with an assortment of life rafts and floats. When completed, \"Greater Buffalo\" was in length, a beam of , height of and measured 7,739 gross register tons. She had nine boilers installed and was powered by a three-cylinder inclined compound steam engine. The engine, built by American Shipbuilding, had one cylinder of diameter and two of diameter by stroke. It was rated at 1,915NHP. She was seven decks high, carried three funnels along her top and was equipped with rudders at both ends of the ship for improved maneuverability. She carried a crew of 300 officers and enlisted with their cabins stationed on the lowest deck fore and aft of the ship's machinery. The final cost for construction was $3,500,000.00. Following a period of company growth during World War I the Detroit and Cleveland Navigation Company was able to order a pair of new ships for their Great Lakes routes. \"Greater Buffalo\" along with her sister ship, \"Greater Detroit\", were among the largest side wheel paddle ships on the Great Lakes when she entered service in 1924. Her port of registry was Detroit, Michigan. On her maiden voyage to Buffalo, New York on 13 May 1925 \"Greater Buffalo\" carried a capacity number of passengers including T.V. O'Connor who was president of the shipping board at the time. \"Greater Buffalo\" was used as a palatial overnight service boat transporting up to 1,500 passengers from Buffalo to Detroit, Michigan for the Detroit and Cleveland Navigation Company. Guests were entertained by an orchestra for dancing in the main dining room following dinner service as well as radio programming provided in the main salon. Along with passenger service \"Greater Buffalo\", as well as other Detroit and Cleveland Navigation Company ships, offered their customers the option of transportation for 125 automobiles on their voyage. During the Great Depression \"Greater Buffalo\" along with her sister ship were taken out of service from 1930 through 1935. This, along with union disputes and worker strikes, caused continuing losses for her owners. In 1934, she had been allocated the Code Letters WSBH. In 1936 \"Greater Buffalo\" was docked at Cleveland and used as a \"floating hotel\" for attendees of the Republican Convention. The ship was reported to have broken free of her moorings and drifted out into the harbor during a storm but was brought back by harbor tugs. During the 1938 season \"Greater Buffalo\" along with \"Greater Detroit\" were removed from service only to be returned to service the following year. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 there was a need for large vessels that could be converted into training aircraft carriers for pilot training. \"Greater Buffalo\"s length, following conversion, would be roughly two thirds the length of an and it was felt by the navy that if pilots could master takeoffs and landings on the shorter deck they would have less problems transitioning to a standard length carrier. Other benefits by using her for training were that an active duty combat ship would not have to be used for training and with her location on the Great Lakes she would be out of the reach of enemy submarines and mines. \"Greater Buffalo\" was acquired by the Navy on 7 August 1942 by the War Shipping Administration to be converted into a training aircraft carrier and renamed \"Sable\" on 19 September 1942. When leaving her port in Detroit for the last time heading for her refit it was reported that \"Greater Buffalo\" was \"saluted\" by those on board the other vessels in the area. \"Sable\" was converted at the Erie Plant of American Shipbuilding Company at Buffalo, New York. The cabins and superstructure of the ship were removed leaving the main deck. Along with additional supports, a steel flight deck was installed instead of the originally planned Douglas-fir wooden deck similar to what was installed on . The steel deck also allowed \"Sable\" to be used for the testing a variety of non-skid coatings applied to the flight deck. The deck of \"Sable\" was equipped with eight sets of arresting cables as well. A bridge island or superstructure was constructed on the starboard side of the ship along with outriggers forward of the island for storing damaged aircraft\".\" On the main deck a lecture room, along with projection equipment, was constructed that could accommodate more than forty aviators with bunks for twenty one aviators. She was also equipped with a sick bay, operating room, laundry, tailor shop, crew quarters, a cafeteria style galley for the crew, a mess hall for the officers, storerooms and a refrigerator. \"Sable\" lacked a hangar deck, elevators or armament, as her role was for the training of pilots for carrier take-offs and landings. A number of crew members assigned to \"Sable\"", "to the flight deck. The deck of \"Sable\" was equipped with eight sets of arresting cables as well. A bridge island or superstructure was constructed on the starboard side of the ship along with outriggers forward of the island for storing damaged aircraft\".\" On the main deck a lecture room, along with projection equipment, was constructed that could accommodate more than forty aviators with bunks for twenty one aviators. She was also equipped with a sick bay, operating room, laundry, tailor shop, crew quarters, a cafeteria style galley for the crew, a mess hall for the officers, storerooms and a refrigerator. \"Sable\" lacked a hangar deck, elevators or armament, as her role was for the training of pilots for carrier take-offs and landings. A number of crew members assigned to \"Sable\" prior to her commissioning were survivors of which had been lost earlier during the Battle of the Coral Sea. \"Sable\" was commissioned on 8 May 1943 with Captain Warren K. Berner in command. The completed \"Sable\" departed Buffalo on 22 May 1943 and arrived at her assigned homeport of Chicago, Illinois on 26 May 1943 and were docked at what came to be called Navy Pier joining her sister ship USS \"Wolverine\" in what was casually referred to as the \"Corn Belt Fleet\". \"Sable\" along with her sister ship, \"Wolverine\", were assigned to the 9th Naval District Carrier Qualification Training Unit (CQTU) and were tasked with qualifying pilots for carrier operations. With the flight deck shorter and lower to the water it was felt that if a pilot could master take offs and landings they would have less trouble when they were stationed on a standard size carrier. Pilot training was conducted seven days a week with the fifty-nine pilots becoming qualified within nine hours of her first day of service. One issue that arose was that because of the lower top speed and height of \"Sable\" there wasn't enough \"wind over deck\" needed in order to launch certain types of aircraft or even carry out training on calm days. In August 1943 \"Sable\" was used as a base for testing the experimental TDN-1 torpedo drone aircraft. Following the end of World War II, \"Sable\" was decommissioned on 7 November 1945 and struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 28 November 1945. Before she was to be auctioned off a proposal was made by the Great Lakes Historical society to have \"Sable\" become a museum for Great Lakes history at Put-in-Bay, Ohio near the Commodore Perry monument. When that proposal failed she was sold by the Maritime Commission to H. H. Buncher Company on 7 July 1948 and was reported as \"disposed of\" on 27 July 1948. In order to fit through the Welland Canal, \"Sable\" was cut down prior to her journey to the ship breaking yard at Hamilton, Ontario. It was reported that of her beam along with of her stern flight deck were removed prior to her being moved by tugboats. Even with the modifications \"Sable\" only had of clearance on each side while passing through the canal locks. Together, \"Sable\" and \"Wolverine\" trained 17,820 pilots in 116,000 carrier landings. Of these, 51,000 landings were on \"Sable\" alone. One of the pilots qualified on \"Sable\" was a 20-year-old Lieutenant, junior grade, future president George H. W. Bush. Of the estimated 135–300 aircraft lost during training, 35 have been salvaged and the search for more is underway. Both USS \"Sable\" and USS \"Wolverine\" hold the distinction of being the only freshwater, coal-driven, side paddle-wheel aircraft carriers used by the United States Navy. USS \"Sable\" earned both the American Campaign Medal and the World War II Victory Medal during her Naval career. USS \"Sable\" received the following awards for its World War II Service. USS Sable (IX-81) USS \"Sable\" (IX-81) was a training ship of the United States Navy during World War II. Originally built as the passenger ship \"Greater Buffalo\", a sidewheel excursion steamer, she was purchased by the Navy in 1942 and converted to a training aircraft carrier to be used on the Great Lakes. Lacking a hangar deck, elevators or armament, she was not a true warship, but provided advanced training of naval aviators in carrier takeoffs and landings." ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Input/output (C++) In the C++ programming language, input/output library refers to a family of class templates and supporting functions in the C++ Standard Library that implement stream-based input/output capabilities. It is an object-oriented alternative to C's FILE-based streams from the C standard library. Bjarne Stroustrup, the creator of C++, wrote the first version of the stream I/O library in 1984, as a type-safe and extensible alternative to C's I/O library. The library has undergone a number of enhancements since this early version, including the introduction of manipulators to control formatting, and templatization to allow its use with character types other than codice_1. Standardization in 1998 saw the library moved into the codice_2 namespace, and the main header changed from codice_3 to codice_4. It is this standardized version that is covered in the rest of the article. Most of the classes in the library are actually very generalized class templates. Each template can operate on various character types, and even the operations themselves, such as how two characters are compared for equality, can be customized. However, the majority of code needs to do input and output operations using only one or two character types, thus most of the time the functionality is accessed through several typedefs, which specify names for commonly used combinations of template and character type. For example, codice_5 refers to the generic class template that implements input/output operations on file streams. It is usually used as codice_6 which is an alias for codice_7, or, in other words, codice_8 working on characters of type codice_1 with the default character operation set. The classes in the library could be divided into roughly two categories: abstractions and implementations. Classes, that fall into abstractions category, provide an interface which is sufficient for working with any type of a stream. The code using such classes doesn't depend on the exact location the data is read from or is written to. For example, such code could write data to a file, a memory buffer or a web socket without a recompilation. The implementation classes inherit the abstraction classes and provide an implementation for concrete type of data source or sink. The library provides implementations only for file-based streams and memory buffer-based streams. The classes in the library could also be divided into two groups by whether it implements low-level or high-level operations. The classes that deal with low-level stuff are called stream buffers. They operate on characters without providing any formatting functionality. These classes are very rarely used directly. The high-level classes are called streams and provide various formatting capabilities. They are built on top of stream buffers. The following table lists and categorizes all classes provided by the input-output library. The classes of the input/output library reside in several headers. There are twelve stream buffer classes defined in the C++ language as the table. codice_11 and codice_12 are two classes that manage the lower-level bits of a stream. codice_11 stores formatting information and the state of the stream. codice_12 manages the associated stream-buffer. codice_12 is commonly known as simply codice_37 or codice_38, which are two typedefs for codice_12 with a specific character type. codice_12 and codice_11 are very rarely used directly by programmers. Usually, their functionality is accessed through other classes such as codice_42 which inherit them. C++ input/output streams are primarily defined by codice_42, a header file that is part of the C++ standard library (the name stands for Input/Output Stream). In C++ and its predecessor, the C programming language, there is no special syntax for streaming data input or output. Instead, these are combined as a library of functions. Like the codice_44 header inherited from C's stdio.h, codice_42 provides basic input and output services for C++ programs. iostream uses the objects codice_46, codice_47, codice_48, and codice_49 for sending data to and from the standard streams input, output, error (unbuffered), and log (buffered) respectively. As part of the C++ standard library, these objects are a part of the codice_2 namespace. The codice_47 object is of type codice_52, which overloads the left bit-shift operator to make it perform an operation completely unrelated to bitwise operations, and notably evaluate to the value of the left argument, allowing multiple operations on the same ostream object, essentially as a different syntax for method cascading, exposing a fluent interface. The codice_48 and codice_49 objects are also of type codice_52, so they overload that operator as well. The codice_46 object is of type codice_57, which overloads the right bit-shift operator. The directions of the bit-shift operators make it seem as though data is flowing towards the output stream or flowing away from the input stream. Manipulators are objects that can modify a stream using the codice_58 or codice_59 operators. Other manipulators can be found using the header codice_60. Some environments do not provide a shared implementation of the C++ library. These include embedded systems and Windows systems running programs built with MinGW. Under these systems, the C++ standard library must be statically linked to a program, which increases the size of the program, or distributed as a shared library alongside the program. Some implementations of the C++ standard library have significant amounts of dead code. For example, GNU libstdc++ automatically constructs a locale when building an codice_52 even if a program never uses any types (date, time or money) that a locale affects, and a statically linked \"Hello, World!\" program that uses codice_4 of GNU libstdc++ produces an executable an order of magnitude larger than an equivalent program that uses codice_63. There exist partial implementations of the C++ standard library designed for space-constrained environments; their codice_4 may leave out features that programs in such environments may not need, such as locale support. The canonical \"Hello, World!\" program can be expressed as follows: This program would output \"Hello, world!\" followed by a newline and standard output stream buffer flush. The following example creates a file called 'file.txt' and puts the text 'Hello, world!' followed by a newline into it. Input/output (C++) In the C++ programming language, input/output library refers" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Donald Tovey Sir Donald Francis Tovey (17 July 187510 July 1940) was a British musical analyst, musicologist, writer on music, composer, conductor and pianist. He had been best known for his \"Essays in Musical Analysis\" and his editions of works by Bach and Beethoven, but since the 1990s his compositions (relatively small in number but substantial in musical content) have been recorded and performed with increasing frequency. The recordings have mostly been well received by reviewers. He was born at Eton, Berkshire, the son of Duncan Crookes Tovey, an assistant master at Eton College, and his wife, Mary Fison. Tovey began to study the piano and compose at an early age. He eventually studied composition with Hubert Parry. He became a close friend of eminent violinist, and friend of Brahms, Joseph Joachim, and played piano with the Joachim Quartet in a 1905 performance of perhaps Brahms's most highly regarded chamber work, the F minor Piano Quintet, Op. 34. He gained moderate fame as a composer, to the point of having his works performed in Berlin and Vienna as well as in London. He performed his own Piano Concerto under Sir Henry Wood in 1903, and under Hans Richter in 1906. During this period he also contributed heavily to the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, writing many of the articles on music of the 18th and 19th centuries. In 1914 he began to teach music at the University of Edinburgh, succeeding Frederick Niecks as Reid Professor of Music; there he founded the Reid Orchestra. For their concerts he wrote a series of programme notes, many of which were eventually collected into the books for which he is now best known, the \"Essays in Musical Analysis\". In 1917 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Ralph Allan Sampson, Cargill Gilston Knott, John Horne and Sir Edmund Taylor Whittaker. As he devoted more and more time to the Reid Orchestra, to writing essays and commentaries and to editing his editions of Bach and Beethoven, Tovey composed and performed less often later in life; but the few major pieces he did complete in his latter years are on a large scale, such as his Symphony of 1913 and the Cello Concerto completed in 1935 for his longtime friend Pablo Casals of Mahlerian length. He also wrote an opera, \"The Bride of Dionysus\". In illustrated radio talks recorded in his last few years, his playing is severely affected by a problem with one of his hands. Tovey made several editions of other composers' music, including a 1931 completion of Bach's \"Die Kunst der Fuge\" (The Art of Fugue). His edition of the 48 Preludes and Fugues of Bach's \"The Well-Tempered Clavier\", in two volumes (Vol. 1, March 1924; Vol. 2, June 1924), with fingerings by Harold Samuel, for the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music, has been reprinted continually ever since. His completion of the (presumed) final unfinished fugue in \"The Art of Fugue\" has nothing of pastiche about it, and in fact has often been recorded as the final piece of the set. He was knighted by King George V in 1935, reportedly on the recommendation of Sir Edward Elgar, who greatly admired Tovey's edition of Bach. He died in 1940 in Edinburgh. His archive, including scores, letters, handwritten programme notes and annotations in the scores of others, is housed in the Special Collections Unit of the University of Edinburgh library. In 2009 Richard Witts created a simple catalogue of the archival material available from the University on-line. He was married twice but had no children by either marriage. His second marriage, in 1925, was to Clara Georgina Wallace. Tovey's belief that classical music has an aesthetic that can be deduced from the internal evidence of the music itself has influenced subsequent writers on music. In his essays, Tovey developed a theory of tonal structure and its relation to classical forms that he applied in his descriptions of pieces in his famous program notes for the Reid Orchestra, as well as in more technical and extended writings. His aesthetic regards works of music as organic wholes, and he stresses the importance of understanding how musical principles manifest themselves in different ways within the context of a given piece. He was fond of using figurative comparisons to illustrate his ideas, as in this quotation from the \"Essays\" (on Brahms' Handel Variations, Op. 24, Tovey 1922): The relation between Beethoven's freest variations and his theme is of the same order of microscopical accuracy and profundity as the relation of a bat's wing to a human hand. Similarly in his book on \"Beethoven\", dictated in 1936 but published posthumously in 1944: We do not expect a return to the home tonic to be associated with a theme we have never heard before, any more than we expect on returning from our holiday to find our house completely redecorated and refurnished and inhabited by total strangers. Donald Tovey Sir Donald Francis Tovey (17 July 187510 July 1940) was a British musical analyst, musicologist, writer on music, composer, conductor and pianist. He had been best known for his \"Essays in Musical Analysis\" and his editions of works by Bach and Beethoven, but since the 1990s his compositions (relatively small in number but substantial in musical content) have been recorded and performed with increasing frequency. The recordings have mostly been well received by" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Frederick Kreismann Frederick H. Kreismann (August 7, 1869 – November 1, 1944) was an American politician who served as mayor of St. Louis, Missouri from 1909 to 1913. He was a Republican. Kreismann was born in Quincy, Illinois and attended public schools in Quincy and St. Louis. He worked in civil engineering and surveying, and in 1890, he entered the insurance business, which became his career. In 1902 he married Pauline Whiteman and they had two children. Kreismann was interested in politics at an early age. In 1905 he ran for the position of City Clerk and was elected. He held this position until he resigned to run for mayor in 1909. Kreismann became the thirty-first Mayor of St. Louis in 1909. The city's population was growing rapidly at this time, rising from 575,238 in 1900 to 687,029 in 1910. St. Louis remained the fourth largest city in the United States. Much of Kriesmann's term as mayor was dedicated to policies that would manage this growth. He helped establish a Municipal Testing Laboratory, which went into operation in 1912. An ordinance that same year also gave the city's health commissioner the authority regulate the storage and transportation of food. Two important public buildings were completed during Kreismann's administration. Construction on the Municipal Courts Buildings began in August 1909 and was completed in 1911 at a cost of $967,000. The Central Library Building of the City's Public Library System was completed and opened on January 6, 1912. Another public works project, the construction of the McArthur Free Bridge, crossing the Mississippi River north of Downtown became a problem for Kriesmann because the $3,500,000 bond issue that had been authorized to fund the bridge did not provide sufficient funds for its completion. The bridge was eventually completed after another bond issue was approved during Mayor Henry Kiel's administration. After his tern as mayor ended, Kreismann returned to the insurance business. He retired in 1939. He died in Webster Groves, Missouri on November 1, 1944 and was buried in Bellefontaine Cemetery. Frederick Kreismann Frederick H. Kreismann (August 7, 1869 – November 1, 1944) was an American politician who served as mayor of St. Louis, Missouri from 1909 to 1913. He was a Republican. Kreismann was born in Quincy, Illinois and attended public schools in Quincy and St. Louis. He worked in civil engineering and surveying, and in 1890, he entered the insurance business," ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Molteno Institute for Language and Literacy The Molteno Institute for Language and Literacy (MILL), formerly known as the Molteno Project, is a charity organisation that funds literacy programmes and research across Africa, from its headquarters in Johannesburg It was established in 1974, funded by the Molteno Brothers Trust from which it derives its name. It began as the Molteno Project, a large research project on problems with school pupils' acquisition of English literacy, based at Rhodes University. The research recommendations included incorporating mother-tongue material in literacy courses for children. When this conclusion was confirmed by positive results, the project was rolled out across the continent and adapted into 52 African languages. In 2008 it had taught more than 10 million learners across the African continent to read and write, making it one of the largest literacy providers in Africa. Molteno Institute for Language and Literacy The Molteno Institute for Language and Literacy (MILL), formerly known as the Molteno Project, is a charity organisation that funds literacy programmes and research across Africa, from its headquarters in Johannesburg It was established in 1974, funded by the Molteno Brothers Trust from which it derives its name. It began as the Molteno Project, a" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Philip Wicksteed Philip Henry Wicksteed (25 October 1844 – 18 March 1927) is known primarily as an economist. He was also a Georgist, Unitarian theologian, classicist, medievalist, and literary critic. He was the son of Charles Wicksteed (1810–1885) and his wife Jane (1814–1902), and was named after his distant ancestor, Philip Henry (1631–1696), the Nonconformist clergyman and diarist. His father was a clergyman within the same tradition of English Dissent. His mother was born into the Lupton family, a socially progressive, politically active dynasty of businessmen and traders, long established in Leeds, a city both prosperous and squalid with the rapid growth of the Industrial Revolution. In 1835 Wicksteed had taken up the ministry of the Unitarian place of worship, Mill Hill Chapel, right on the city's central square, and two years later the couple married. In 1841 his sister Elizabeth married Jane's brother Arthur (1819–1867), also a Unitarian minister; Uncle Arthur was, according to a family history, \"The Achilles of the Leeds Complete Suffrage Association\", in other words, a tragic champion of the fight for universal suffrage; see Chartism and Henry Vincent for more on the CSA. One of their children, a first cousin to Philip, was the maverick MP and mining engineer Arnold Lupton. Jane was described as impractical but accomplished (sketching, painting, reciting poetry etc.) and both the Wicksteed siblings as \"Unitarians of vigorous mind and keen intelligence\". Philip was one of nine children, including Janet, who wrote, as Mrs Lewis, a memoir including her parents; (Joseph) Hartley, president of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers; and Charles, also an engineer, who bequeathed to the people of Kettering the park named after his family. One of his nieces was Mary Cicely Wicksteed, who married the prominent Australian surgeon Sir Hibbert Alan Stephen Newton (1887–1949) Wicksteed was educated at University College, London and Manchester New College, the seminary for nonconformist ministers. In 1867 he received his master's degree with a gold medal in classics. Following his father into the Unitarian ministry that year, Wicksteed embarked on an extraordinarily broad range of scholarly and theological explorations. His theological and ethical writings continued long after he left the pulpit (in 1897), and appear to have been a starting point for many of his other fields of scholarly inquiry. These included his interest in Dante, which not only produced a remarkable list of publications, but also built Wicksteed's reputation as one of the foremost medievalists of his time. It was Wicksteed's theologically driven interest in and concern for the ethics of modern commercial society, with its disturbing inequalities of wealth and income, which appear to have led him into his economic studies (following on his reading of Henry George's 1879 \"Progress and Poverty\"). Perhaps it was just by circumstance that economics entered Wicksteed's field of scholarly vision, as only one of a number of areas of his interest (to most of which he was committed for years before he began his economics) and in the middle of the fourth decade of his life. This led Joseph Schumpeter to remark that Wicksteed \"stood somewhat outside of the economics profession\". Yet, within a few years Wicksteed was to publish significant economic work of his own, carefully expounding on the theory he learned from William Stanley Jevons, and to become for many years a lecturer on economics for the University of London extension lectures (a kind of adult education program initiated in the 1870s to extend \"the teaching of the universities, to serve up some of the crumbs from the university tables, in a portable and nutritious form, for some of the multitude who had no chance of sitting there\"). In 1894, Wicksteed published his celebrated \"An Essay on the Co-ordination of the Laws of Distribution\", in which he sought to prove mathematically that a distributive system which rewarded factory owners according to marginal productivity would exhaust the total product produced. But it was his 1910 \"The Common Sense of Political Economy\" which most comprehensively presents Wicksteed's economic system. The 1932 work by Lionel Robbins, \"An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science\", picked up and developed his ideas. He married Emily Solly, a daughter of Henry, a Unitarian minister and social reformer. The library of University College London contains correspondence between Emily and Maria Sharpe Pearson, the wife of Karl Pearson. Philip Wicksteed Philip Henry Wicksteed (25 October 1844 – 18 March 1927) is known primarily as an economist. He was also a Georgist, Unitarian theologian, classicist, medievalist, and literary critic. He was the son of Charles Wicksteed (1810–1885) and his wife Jane (1814–1902), and was named after his distant ancestor, Philip Henry (1631–1696), the Nonconformist clergyman and diarist. His father was a clergyman within the same tradition of English Dissent. His mother was born into the Lupton family, a socially progressive," ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Woody Cornwell Woody Cornwell (1968-2016) was an American Abstract painter and co-founder of Eyedrum Art & Music Gallery in Atlanta during the late 1990's. Eyedrum, in that era, was instrumental in expanding the alternative art scene in Atlanta. He received a Bachelor degree from Savannah College of Art and Design (SCAD) graduating Magna Cum Laude and a Master's degree in Fine Arts from Georgia State University. In 1997, Woody with a group of friends co-founded Eyedrum Art & Music Gallary in Atlanta where he curated art exhibits and mentored young artists in the city. In addition he taught art at the Atlanta college of Art, SCAD Atlanta, Callenwalde Art Center and Chastain Art Center and the Telefair Museum in Atlanta. He was a board member of Art Pages Magazine. He was part of the selection committee at Forward Arts Foundation for their Emerging Artist Award. Woody Cornwell's art has been shown at the Swan Coach House Gallery, Vaknin Schwarz Gallery, Jacksonville Museum of Modern Art, and the Suzanne Randolph Fine Art. His work is also published in new American Paintings, Volume 8,#3. In Atlanta he was represented by the Sandler Hudson Gallery. Woody was born in Newberry, SC on January 13, 1968. He grew up in Macon Ga., Anderson SC, and Dalton GA with his parents, Elaine & Woody Sr, and his younger brother Mark. Woody was a natural artist who impressed his parents, Woody Sr. & Elaine Cornwell, with his drawings at a very early age. He grew up a boy scout and an avid adventure seeker. Woody's art career started in Dalton Ga. when he was commissioned by the local high school for a spirit mural in the common area and a pencil drawing of the school itself. After high school and a brief enrollment at the University of Georgia, Woody followed his passion and enrolled at the Savannah College of Art & Design. After graduation from SCAD Woody moved to Atlanta, enrolled at Georgia State University, and began to lay the groundwork for his first gallery venture. Soon Woody and his roommate Marshal Avett founded the Silver Ceiling Gallery in their own apartment. After a few years of show at Silver Ceiling, Woody and Marshal convinced a handful of friends to create an art collective a few doors down from Silver Ceiling. In 1997, Eyedrum Art & Music Gallery was founded. It was a collective effort where each board member took responsibility for rent although no one lived there. Their ambitious venture paid off in a golden era of experimental art and music that lasted well into the 00's before changes began to distance Woody from the gallery. The Atlanta arts scene provided some trying times. In an article in Creative Loafing Woody was described a \"Hustler.\" In Atlanta Woody was represented by Sandler Hudson Gallery and also was an important player in the first years of the Norton Arts Center in Hapeville Ga. Reproductions and news of future shows of original works is found at WoodyCornwellArt 2013, Norton Street Gallary, Atlanta, GA. - \"It's Mutual\" 2003, Jacksonville Museum of Modern Art, Jacksonville, FL 2003/02 City Hall East, Atlanta, GA 2002 Sandler Hudson Gallery, Atlanta, GANew American Paintings, (2003), Vol. 8, Num. 3. (p. 37). The Open Studios Press, Boston MA. www.newamericanpaintings.com Nations Bank Plaza, Barkin-Leeds, Atlanta, GA 2001 Swan Coach House Gallery, Atlanta, GA Spruill Center for the Arts, Atlanta, GA Lenox Art Walk, Atlanta, GA 2000 Vaknin/Schwarz Gallery, Atlanta, GA Jacksonville Museum of Modern Art, Jacksonville, FL Lucinda Bunnen, Atlanta, GA Neiman Marcus, Atlanta, GA Office Worx, Atlanta, GA Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA Savannah College of Art and Design, Savannah, GA 2002 Creative Loafing, 6-19-02; 8/15-01; 5-12-00; 2-12-00 Atlanta Journal-Constitution, 6-7-02; 8-17-01; 8-8-00 Jezebel, 9-2000 Woody Cornwell Woody Cornwell (1968-2016) was an American Abstract painter and co-founder of Eyedrum Art & Music Gallery in Atlanta during the late 1990's. Eyedrum, in that era, was instrumental in expanding the alternative art scene in Atlanta. He received a Bachelor degree from Savannah College of Art and Design (SCAD) graduating Magna Cum Laude and a Master's degree in Fine Arts from Georgia State University. In 1997, Woody with a group of friends co-founded Eyedrum Art & Music" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "The King of Rock 'n' Roll \"The King of Rock 'n' Roll\" is a single by English pop band Prefab Sprout, released by Kitchenware Records in April 1988. It was the second single taken from their album of that year, \"From Langley Park to Memphis\", and referenced a washed-up 1950s star who is only remembered for his one-hit novelty song, which is sung in the chorus. It remains the band's biggest success in their native UK, reaching No. 7 on the UK Singles Chart, where it spent 10 weeks. Producer Thomas Dolby added a synth bass in the verses to mimic the sound of a bullfrog, tying them to the chorus. The single had an unusual music video, featuring the band lying beside a pool and attended by a frog butler, a diver who is reluctant to jump into the pool until the end, and dancing human-size hot dogs. Side 1 Side 2 Side 1 Side 2 The King of Rock 'n' Roll \"The King of Rock 'n' Roll\" is a single by English pop band Prefab Sprout, released by Kitchenware Records in April 1988. It was the second single taken from their album of that year, \"From Langley Park" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Alfonso de la Mota y Escobar Alfonso de la Mota y Escobar (18 May 1546 – 16 March 1625) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Tlaxcala (Puebla de los Angeles) (1607–1625), Bishop of Guadalajara (1598–1607), and Bishop Elect of Nicaragua (1594–1595). Alfonso de la Mota y Escobar was born in México on 18 May 1546. On 31 March 1594, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Clement VIII as Bishop of Nicaragua but resigned in 1595. On 11 March 1598, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Clement VIII as Bishop of Guadalajara. In June 1599, he was consecrated bishop On 11 March 1598, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Clement VIII as Bishop of Tlaxcala (Puebla de los Angeles). He served as Bishop of Tlaxcala (Puebla de los Angeles) until his death on 16 March 1625. While bishop, he was the principal consecrator of Juan de Cervantes (bishop), Bishop of Antequera, Oaxaca (1609), and Juan de Zapata y Sandoval, Bishop of Chiapas (1613). Alfonso de la Mota y Escobar Alfonso de la Mota y Escobar (18 May 1546 – 16 March 1625) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Paradise Grove Paradise Grove is an independent 2003 black comedy filmed in London. Much of the film is based in a fictional Jewish retirement home. It stars Ron Moody and Rula Lenska. It was directed by Charles Harris and was his first feature film. A quirky film about life, death, and the bit in the middle, Paradise Grove is a beguiling blend of tragedy, romance, and wry Jewish wit. Set in an eccentric north London Jewish old age home, the film revolves around three generations of the same family. There's cantankerous old Izzie Goldberg (Ron Moody), who's dying and is not at all happy about it, his hedonistic daughter Dee (Rula Lenska), the home's owner, a cross between a Sixties flower child and a traditional Jewish mother—and there's her teenage age son Keith (Leyland O'Brien), the mixed-race outcome of a disastrous marriage. Keith's identity crisis forms the film's emotional core: he's trying to build personal and religious bridges with his grandfather while starting a relationship with the mysterious Kim (Lee Blakemore), who turns up one morning looking for shelter, and who offers the promise of a life outside Paradise Grove. He'd love to get away from his domineering mother but can he abandon Izzie? And why does Kim keep a loaded gun in her handbag? \"Sensitively moving between playful humour and serious drama...\" Raindance Film Festival \"A jewel that will shine for years to come...\" Notes From Hollywood \"Sharply observed and often hilarious...\" London Jewish Chronicle The film garnered several awards and nominations; BEST NEW DIRECTOR CHARLES HARRIS AUDIENCE FAVORITES BRONZE AWARD FOR FIRST FILM AUDIENCE FAVOURITES BEST FILM Paradise Grove Paradise Grove is an independent 2003 black comedy filmed in London. Much of the film is based in a fictional Jewish retirement home. It stars Ron Moody and Rula" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Criel-sur-Mer Criel-sur-Mer is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France. A town of farming, tourism and light industry situated in the valley and at the mouth of the river Yères, some northeast of Dieppe. The commune is served by the D16, D940 and the D925 roads. As with much of this coastline, huge chalk cliffs look out over the English Channel. At Criel, they rise to 107m. Criel gets its first mention in 1059, as “Criolium”. First cited in 1326, the port was still operating in 1584, but has since closed. In the 19th century, an amateur archeologist, Father Cochet, found traces of a Gallo-Roman site. <br> It was the chef-lieu of a canton during the French Revolution. Criel remained essentially a village of fishermen and farmers until the arrival of the railway in 1872. The existence of the railway station helped establish two elegant seaside resorts here, one near the mouth of the Yères and the other at the suburb of Mesnil-Val. This was the golden age of the Normandy beach resort, that served as the prototype for Trouville, Cabourg and Deauville. In 1902, Criel took the name of Criel-sur-Mer. <br> The casino was lost in a storm in 1914 and the railway station didn’t survive the First World War. <br> Tourism really took off with the advent of paid leave in 1936. Alongside Le Tréport, Criel was the nearest beach to Paris, easily accessible in the 1950s. Between 1950 and 1972, an industry developed exploiting the pebbles from the beach, for use either in the pharmaceutical industry or crushed for roads. In 2005, an English residential activity company named Kingswood began using Chateau de Chantereine as a base for its study tours. Since then, hundreds of children each year visit the chateau and its surrounding towns such as Dieppe, Eu and Le Treport as part of their studies. Many local schools have formed partnerships with UK schools with the support of Kingswood. Criel-sur-Mer Criel-sur-Mer is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France. A town of farming, tourism and light industry situated in the valley and at the mouth of the river Yères, some northeast of Dieppe. The commune is served by the D16, D940 and the D925 roads. As with much of this coastline, huge chalk cliffs look out over the English Channel. At Criel, they" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "\\-- NPR, All Things Considered \n A series of collectible vinyl dolls of the Wild Things and Max was released from the Japanese company MediCom Toys. Other releases include an eight-inch articulated figure of Max in wolf costume and smaller scale sets of the characters released under their Kubrick figure banner. \n The studio decided not to position the film as a children's movie and spent 70% of the advertising on broad-based and adult-driven promotion. The film was released in North America in both conventional and IMAX theaters on October 16, 2009. Early Friday box office estimates show the film earned about $32.7 million on its opening weekend in theaters. It grossed $77.2 million during its theatrical run in the U.S. and Canada, plus $22.8 million internationally. Overall, the studio took a loss as the final budget of the movie was estimated to be around $100 million. \n Film classification agencies have tended to assign \"parental guidance\" ratings rather than general or family ratings. MPAA in the United States assessed a PG rating \"for mild thematic elements, some adventure action, and brief language\". A PG rating was also declared in the United Kingdom by BBFC, citing \"mild threat and brief violence\". In Canada, the film also received a PG rating in Ontario with an alert for frightening scenes while Quebec awarded a General rating. British Columbia also assessed the film with a G rating with a proviso that it \"may frighten young children\". In Ireland the film has been classified PG because of what is claimed as having \"mild\" violence Similarly in South Africa, the film received a PG rating with a consumer content Violence indicator, noting there were \"moments of mildish menace and poignant themes.\" Australia also applied a PG rating to the film and noted \"mild violence and scary scenes\". \n The movie's release generated conflicting views over whether it is harmful to expose children to frightening scenes. Jonze indicated that his goal was \"to make a movie about childhood\" rather than to create a children's movie. Dan Fellman, Warner Brothers' head of movie distribution, noted that the film's promotion was not directed towards children, advising parents to exercise their own discretion. In an interview with Newsweek, Sendak stated that parents who deemed the film's content to be too disturbing for children should \"go to hell. That's a question I will not tolerate\" and he further noted \"I saw the most horrendous movies that were unfit for child's eyes. So what? I managed to survive.\" \n Michelle Williams was originally cast as the female Wild Thing K.W. only to leave the project after her voice \"didn't match the original vision of how the Wild Thing should sound\". She was replaced by Lauren Ambrose, and filming continued. \n The pond soon becomes an ocean. Max, still in his wolf suit, reaches an island. He stumbles upon a group of seven large, monstrous creatures. One of them, Carol, is in the middle of a destructive tantrum caused by the departure of a female Wild Thing named K.W. As Carol wreaks havoc Max tries joining in on the mayhem, but finds himself facing the suspicious anger of the Wild Things. When they contemplate eating him, Max convinces them that he is a king with magical powers capable of bringing harmony to the group. They crown him as their new king. Shortly after, K.W. returns and Max declares a wild rumpus, in which the Wild Things smash trees and tackle each other. \n A video game based on the film was released on October 13, 2009, for the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii, and Nintendo DS. The former three were developed by Griptonite Games, and the latter by WayForward. All were published by Warner Bros. Games. \n Max finds Alexander alone in the fort. Alexander reveals that he suspected that Max is not a king with magical powers, but warns him to never let Carol know. At pre-dawn, Carol throws another tantrum–this time, about the fort, K.W.'s absence, and the eventual death of the sun, which Max talked with Carol about earlier. When Carol gets angry with Max for not doing a good job as king, Douglas tries explaining that he is \"just a boy, pretending to be a wolf, pretending to be a king\", exposing the truth to the rest of the Wild Things. Carol becomes enraged and rips off Douglas's right arm, though only sand pours from the wound. Carol chases Max into the forest and attempts to eat him. Max is saved by K.W., who hides him in her stomach. Max listens as Carol and K.W. argue over Carol's behavior. \n Internationally, the film was released in Australia on December 4, 2009; in Ireland and the UK on December 11, 2009; and in Germany on December 17, 2009. It was released in Russia on February 4, 2010. \n * Vincent Crowley as Carol \n * Alice Parkinson as K.W. \n * John Leary as Douglas \n * Sam Longley as Ira \n * Nick Farnell as Judith \n * Sonny Gerasimowicz as Alexander \n * Angus Sampson as Bernard the Bull", "There were fears, expressed by production company Warner Bros., that the film was not family friendly and may frighten children; however these fears were not shared by either Jonze or Sendak, and Jonze refused to compromise. Maurice Sendak said after having seen a completed cut of the film, \"I've never seen a movie that looked or felt like this. And it's (Spike Jonze's) personal' this. ' And he's not afraid of himself. He's a real artist that lets it come through in the work. So he's touched me. He's touched me very much.\" After seeing the finished product, a Warner Bros. executive stated of Jonze, \"He's a perfectionist and just kept working on it, but now we know that at the end of the day he nailed it.\" \n Reception to the film has been generally positive. The film holds a 73% approval rating on review website Rotten Tomatoes from 259 reviews with an average score of 6.9/10. The website's critical consensus reads:\"Some may find its dark tone and slender narrative off-putting, but Spike Jonze's heartfelt adaptation of the classic children's book is as beautiful as it is uncompromising.\" Review aggregation website Metacritic gave the film an average score of 71 out of 100 based on 37 reviews. \n \\-- Mary Pols, Time magazine \n For the film's trailer, Arcade Fire provided a re-recorded version of the track \"Wake Up\" from their album Funeral. The new version is not featured in the actual film or the soundtrack and has never been made available to the public. \n \| This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) \n---\|---\n To coincide with the film's release, Girl Skateboards (which Jonze co-owns) came out with seven pro-model skateboards with the Wild Things as the board graphics. Lakai shoes also re-designed most of their pro-model and stock shoes and added in different colors, adding in pictures of the Wild Things on the side and on others with Where the Wild Things Are printed on the side. UGG Australia also designed limited edition Where The Wild Things Are boots. \n In the early 1980s, Disney considered adapting the film as a blend of traditionally animated characters and computer-generated environments, but development did not go past a test film to see how the animation hybridizing would result. In 2001, Universal Studios acquired rights to the book's adaptation and initially attempted to develop a computer-animated adaptation with Disney animator Eric Goldberg, but the CGI concept was replaced with a live-action one in 2003, and Goldberg was dropped for Spike Jonze. The film was co-produced by actor Tom Hanks through his production company Playtone and made with an estimated budget of $100 million. Where the Wild Things Are was a joint production between Australia, Germany, and the United States, and was filmed principally in Melbourne. \n Max finds the crushed remains of Carol's model island and leaves a token of affection for him to find. Max finds Carol and tells him he is going home because he is not a king. The other Wild Things escort Max to his boat. Carol runs to join them after finding Max's token and arrives in time to see him off. He starts to howl and Max howls back, then all the other Wild Things join in. Carol looks at K.W. and she smiles kindly at him. Returning home, Max is embraced by his mother, who gives him a bowl of soup, a piece of cake and a glass of milk and sits with him as he eats. He watches as she falls asleep. \n Lisa Schwarzbaum of Entertainment Weekly gave the film an A declaring \"This is one of the year's best.\" Manohla Dargis of the New York Times wrote that Spike Jonze's \"filmmaking exceeds anything he's done\" before, while also noting the imaginative visuals and otherworldly feel, along with the fantastic creature effects on the \"Wild Things\". Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film four stars saying, \"For all the money spent, the film's success is best measured by its simplicity and the purity of its innovation.\" Roger Ebert awarded the film three stars out of four. \n Critic A.O. Scott named the film the best of 2009 and placed it at number five on his list of top ten movies of the decade. \n * James Gandolfini as Carol, an impulsive Wild Thing. \n * Lauren Ambrose as K.W., the loner of the group. \n * Chris Cooper as Douglas, a cockatoo-like peace-keeper who is Carol's best friend. \n * Forest Whitaker as Ira, a gentle, soft-spoken Wild Thing. \n * Catherine O'Hara as Judith, a Triceratops-like horned Wild Thing, who is Ira's loud, aggressive girlfriend. \n * Paul Dano as Alexander, a goat-like Wild Thing who is constantly ignored, belittled and mistreated. \n * Michael Berry Jr. as Bernard the Bull, a quiet, intimidating bull-headed Wild Thing who keeps to himself and rarely speaks. \n * Spike Jonze as Bob and Terry, two owls, and K.W's friends.", "In 2005, Jonze and Dave Eggers completed a 111-page screenplay, expanding the original ten-sentence story. On July 8, 2006, production began open auditions for the role of Max. The process took months, but, eventually, Max Records was cast. Academy Award-winning make-up effects supervisor Howard Berger (The Chronicles of Narnia) turned down offers to work on the film four times. Although the book inspired him as a child to work in special effects, he felt filming it was a \"horrible idea.\" Jim Henson's Creature Shop provided the animatronic suits for the Wild Things. \n In 2008, test footage was leaked onto the internet leading to mixed reactions. Jonze responded, \"That was a very early test with the sole purpose of just getting some footage to Ben, our VFX supervisor, to see if our VFX plan for the faces would work.\" Following early fan outcry over the leaked video and rumored \"scared children\" in test audiences, Warner Bros. announced a year-long delay. On February 20, 2008, speculation emerged that Warner Bros. was considering reshooting the entire film. then-WB president Alan F. Horn responded, \"We've given him more money and, even more importantly, more time for him to work on the film. We'd like to find a common ground that represents Spike's vision but still offers a film that really delivers for a broad-based audience. No one wants to turn this into a bland, sanitized studio movie. This is a very special piece of material and we're just trying to get it right.\" Producer Gary Goetzman followed, \"We support Spike's vision. We're helping him make the vision he wants to make.\" At the end of 2008, Spike got together with Framestore in London to complete his movie and work with them to bring to life the performances through their animation and visual effects team. Over the course of the next six months, Spike spent time with the animators on the floor of the studio as they worked together to realise his intention for the performances that had started many years before with the voices, continued with the suit performances in Australia, and were completed in London's Soho. \n Max, a lonely boy with an active imagination whose parents are divorced, is wearing a wolf costume and chasing his dog. His older sister, Claire, does nothing when her friends crush Max's snow fort with him inside during a snowball fight. Out of frustration, Max messes up her bedroom and destroys a frame he made for her. At school, Max's teacher teaches him and his classmates about the eventual death of the sun. Later his mother, Connie, invites her boyfriend Adrian to dinner. Max becomes upset with his mother for not coming to the fort he made in his room. He wears his wolf costume, acts like an animal, and demands to be fed. When his mother gets upset, he throws a tantrum and bites her on the shoulder. She yells at him and he runs away, scared by what transpired. At the edge of a pond, Max finds a small boat that he boards. \n The Wild Things introduce themselves as Carol, Ira, Judith, Alexander, Douglas, the Bull, and K.W. Soon, they pile on one another before going to sleep, with Max at the center. Carol takes Max on a tour of the island, showing him a model he built depicting what he wishes the island looked like. Inspired by this, Max orders the construction of an enormous fort, with Carol in charge of construction. When K.W. brings her two owl friends Bob and Terry to the fort, a disagreement ensues, as Carol feels they are outsiders. To release their frustrations, Max divides the tribe into \"good guys\" and \"bad guys\" for a dirt clod fight, but Alexander is hurt during the game. After an argument between K.W. and Carol, K.W. leaves once again. \n After years of interest from various producers, Sendak favored Spike Jonze as director, noting he was \"young, interesting and had a spark that none of the others had\". The film was originally set for release from Universal, and a teaser of the film was attached to the studio's 2000 adaptation of How the Grinch Stole Christmas. Disagreements between Universal and Sendak over Jonze's approach to the story led to a turnaround arrangement where the film's production was transferred to Warner Bros. \n Where the Wild Things Are is a 2009 fantasy drama film directed by Spike Jonze. Written by Jonze and Dave Eggers, it is adapted from Maurice Sendak's 1963 children's book of the same name. It combines live-action, performers in costumes, animatronics, and computer-generated imagery (CGI). The film stars Max Records and features the voices of James Gandolfini, Paul Dano, Lauren Ambrose, Forest Whitaker, Catherine O'Hara, and Chris Cooper. The film centers on a lonely boy named Max who sails away to an island inhabited by creatures known as the \"Wild Things,\" who declare Max their king. \n * Max Records as Max, a lonely boy with a wild imagination. \n * Catherine Keener as Connie, Max's mother. \n * Mark Ruffalo as Adrian, Connie's boyfriend. \n * Pepita Emmerichs as Claire, Max's sister. \n * Steve Mouzakis as Max's teacher. \n * Max Pfeifer, Madeleine Greaves, Joshua Jay, and Ryan Corr as Claire's friends. \n\n\n Filming began in April 2006 at Docklands Studios Melbourne in Melbourne, Australia. Jonze kept in close consultation with Sendak throughout the process, and the author approved creature designs created by Jim Henson's Creature Shop. To make the set a more comfortable environment for Max Records, Jonze encouraged the crew members to bring their children to the set. Some of them can be seen in the film's classroom scene. \n McSweeney's published The Wild Things by Dave Eggers, a full-length novel based on the film adaptation. \n Some critics have noted the movie's dark adaptation for children, such as David Denby from The New Yorker saying, \"I have a vision of eight-year-olds leaving the movie in bewilderment. Why are the creatures so unhappy?\" Stephanie Zacharek of Salon.com criticized the film's visual aspect, \"Even the look of the picture becomes tiresome after a while–it starts to seem depressive and shaggy and tired.\" She also stated that \"The movie is so loaded with adult ideas about childhood–as opposed to things that might delight or engage an actual child.\" The Globe and Mail's Liam Lacey branded the production a \"self-consciously sad film.\" \n During the film, various songs can be heard such as \"Hideaway\", \"Rumpus\", \"Worried Shoes\" and \"All is Love\" by Karen O, Zahida K, Anisa RK and the Kids. \n Where the Wild Things Are started its development life in the early 1980s, originally to be an animated feature by Disney that would have blended traditionally animated characters with computer-generated settings. Animators Glen Keane and John Lasseter (who later moved on to Pixar) had completed a test film to see how the animation hybridizing would work out, but the project proceeded no further. Universal Studios acquired rights to the book's adaptation in 2001 and initially attempted to develop a computer-animated adaptation with Disney animator Eric Goldberg, but in 2003 the CGI concept was replaced with a live-action one, and Goldberg was replaced with Spike Jonze. \n Where the Wild Things Are \n--- \nTheatrical release poster \nDirected by \| Spike Jonze \nProduced by \| Tom Hanks Gary Goetzman Maurice Sendak John Carls Vincent Landay \nScreenplay by \| Spike Jonze Dave Eggers \nBased on \| Where the Wild Things Are by Maurice Sendak \nStarring \| Max Records Catherine Keener Mark Ruffalo Lauren Ambrose Chris Cooper James Gandolfini Catherine O'Hara Forest Whitaker \nMusic by \| Karen O Carter Burwell \nCinematography \| Lance Acord \nEdited by \| Eric Zumbrunnen James Haygood \nProduction company \| Legendary Pictures Village Roadshow Pictures Wild Things Productions Playtone \nDistributed by \| Warner Bros. Pictures \nRelease date \|", "* October 13, 2009 (2009-10-13) (New York City) \n * October 16, 2009 (2009-10-16) (United States) \n * December 3, 2009 (2009-12-03) (Australia) \n * December 17, 2009 (2009-12-17) (Germany) \n * \n \nRunning time \| 101 minutes \nCountry \| Australia Germany United States \nLanguage \| English \nBudget \| $100 million \nBox office \| $100.1 million \n Warner Bros. submitted the film for consideration for the 2009 award season. \n The film was released on October 16, 2009, in the United States, on December 3 in Australia, and on December 17 in Germany. The film was met with mostly positive reviews and appeared on many year-end top ten lists. However the film flopped commercially at the box office, making $100.1 million from a budget of $100 million. The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray on March 2, 2010. \n The film was released as a Blu-ray/DVD/Digital copy combo pack and on DVD on March 2, 2010. The home media release was accompanied by a Canadian-produced live-action/animated short film adaptation of another Sendak work, Higglety Pigglety Pop! or There Must Be More to Life, produced especially for the Blu-ray edition." ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "2016 Big South Conference Softball Tournament The 2016 Big South Conference Softball Tournament were held at Winthrop University's Terry Field from May 11 through May 14, 2016. Longwood won their second straight tournament championship, and the third of their four years in the conference, earning the conference's automatic bid to the 2016 NCAA Division I Softball Tournament. The first and second rounds were streamed online through the Big South Network, while the semifinals and championship were streamed on ESPN3. The nine conference teams which sponsor college softball all received bids. The bottom two seeds have a play-in game to determine who will advance to face the top seeded team. Teams will be seeded by record within the conference, with a tiebreaker system to seed teams with identical conference records. 2016 Big South Conference Softball Tournament The 2016 Big South Conference Softball Tournament were held at Winthrop University's Terry Field from May 11 through May 14, 2016. Longwood won their second straight tournament championship, and the third of their four years in the conference, earning the conference's automatic bid to the 2016 NCAA Division I Softball Tournament. The first and second rounds were streamed online through the Big South Network, while" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "RTV Atlas Radio Televizija A1 (RTV A1) is a national broadcaster from Montenegro. It is based in Podgorica and broadcast in most of Montenegro. A1 TV also broadcasts its program over the satellite. It can be found on Eutelsat W2 at 16.0E on frequency 12,600.75 GHz/V. It consists of TV Atlas and Atlas Radio. A1 TV is a Montenegrin TV station with the yearly largest raise of rating in Montenegro. RTV A1 program includes variety of show programs, sport events like Premiere League and Moto GP, British documentaries, TV series and movies. A1 TV is the first television in Montenegro that introduced broadcasting movies by their genre through theme nights: blockbusters on Mondays, classics on Tuesdays, sf/horror on Wednesdays, Comedies on Thursdays and movies from independent productions on Fridays. Some of TV series broadcast on this TV station were big hits in Montenegro: That '70s Show, Law & Order series, The Apprentice and Project Runway. A1 TV is also known for its domestic music show program, \"A List\", that aired on Saturday afternoons and its variety of talk-shows and \"A1 Weekend Show\" that aired on Sunday afternoons. RTV Atlas Radio Televizija A1 (RTV A1) is a national broadcaster from Montenegro." ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Boyz N Girlz United Boyz N Girlz United, also known for Boyz n Girlz, was an American pop group consisting of members (two male, two female) Robbie Carrico (born November 13, 1981), Daniel Dix (born May 11, 1980), Rina Mayo (born April 25, 1981) and Criss Ruiz (born April 15, 1979). The group was signed to Johnny Wright's record label, Wire Records in 1999. Boyz N Girlz United had a minor hit in 2000 with \"Messed Around\", a single that was written by former *NSYNC member JC Chasez, and released a full-length album that same year. From 1999 to 2001, they opened for Britney Spears' \"Baby One More Time\" U.S. tour and \"Oops I Did It Again\" European tour, N'Sync's \"No Strings Attached\" U.S. tour, and were also part of the All That Music and More Festival. The same year, they co-headlined the Generation WB Concert at the Wichita River Festival in Wichita, Kansas, along with Irish band Mytown (now The Script). However, by the end of the year, the group disbanded. Carrico was also a member of the short-lived boy band trio, B-Factor in 2001. Former member Robbie Carrico auditioned for season 7 of \"American Idol\" and was able to make it to the top 24. He was eliminated in the top 20 after just two weeks. During his time in the competition, Simon Cowell questioned Carrico's authenticity as a rock singer. Boyz N Girlz United Boyz N Girlz United, also known for Boyz n Girlz, was an American pop group consisting of members (two male, two female) Robbie Carrico (born November 13, 1981), Daniel Dix (born May 11, 1980), Rina Mayo (born April 25, 1981) and Criss Ruiz (born April 15, 1979). The group was signed to Johnny Wright's record label, Wire Records in 1999. Boyz N Girlz" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Kemba Walker Kemba Hudley Walker (born May 8, 1990) is an American professional basketball player for the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Walker was drafted ninth overall by the Charlotte Bobcats in the 2011 NBA draft. Walker grew up in The Bronx, New York, and graduated from Rice High School in 2008. Walker played college basketball for the Connecticut men's basketball team. In the 2010–11 season, Walker was unanimously selected for the All-Big East first team, Walker was the second-leading college basketball scorer in the United States and led the Huskies to the 2011 Big East championship and 2011 NCAA championship and was named as the tournament's most outstanding player for both championships. He is a two-time NBA All-Star. Walker attended Rice High School in Harlem, New York. In his junior year, Walker played against Simeon Career Academy and senior guard Derrick Rose in Madison Square Garden in a 53–51 win. During Walker's senior year he averaged 18.2 points per game and 5.3 assists per game, earning him a spot on the prestigious McDonald's All-American Team. Walker played for the New York Gauchos AAU basketball program with fellow Big East players Jordan Theodore, Darryl \"Truck\" Bryant, Devin Hill, and Danny Jennings. The team went on to finish #1 in the nation. Considered a five-star recruit by Rivals.com, Walker was listed as the No. 5 point guard and the No. 14 player in the nation in 2008. During his freshman year at UConn, Walker played in every game and was named to the Big East All-Rookie Team. He helped the Huskies achieve a number one seed in the 2009 NCAA Tournament. Despite starting in only two games he averaged 25.5 minutes per game, far more than any regular non-starter. He also helped the Huskies go to the 2009 Final Four with a 23-point effort in the Elite Eight vs Missouri. Walker played and started all 34 games in 2009–10 season. He contributed 14.6 points per game and led the Huskies in scoring for the eighth time in the last nine games of the season with 18 points at Virginia Tech. Walker was named First Team USBWA All-District. Connecticut earned a 4 seed in 2010 National Invitation Tournament, but fell short to Virginia Tech as the Huskies finished a disappointing season going 18–16 (7–11) in conference play. Walker rose to national prominence in his junior year, twelve games into his junior campaign, Walker was the nation's leading scorer, averaging 26.7 points per game. In addition, he averaged five rebounds and 3.8 assists per game. Walker appeared on one of the six regional covers \"Sports Illustrated\". In the 2011 Big East Tournament, Walker hit the game winning shot as time expired to beat #3 overall Pittsburgh and advance UConn to the semifinals. He led UConn to victory over University of Louisville in the Big East Championship game and was named MVP for the tournament. Walker scored 130 points in five games, a Big East Tournament record and the most points scored in any conference tournament in the past 15 seasons. UConn became the first school to win five games in five days to earn a conference championship. On March 14, 2011, The United States Basketball Writers Association named Walker a first team All-American. He was picked to the Second Team All-America by Fox Sports. He was also a finalist for College Basketball Player of the Year honors due to his performance in the 2010–11 season. Although he finished second (to Jimmer Fredette), two journalists thought that Walker was the best player in college basketball that year. Walker was named the winner of the Bob Cousy Award for the top point guard in the nation. On April 4, 2011 Walker led the University of Connecticut with 16 points in winning the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship, and was named the NCAA Basketball Tournament Most Outstanding Player. Walker was added to the Huskies of Honor upon the team's return from Houston at a pep rally to celebrate the National Title. He became the first men's basketball player to receive the honor since inaugural class was announced in December 2006. Walker announced that he would leave UConn to enter the 2011 NBA draft on April 12. Walker was selected 9th overall in the 2011 NBA draft by the Charlotte Bobcats. Walker signed a multi-year shoe deal with Under Armour, the first rookie from the 2011 Draft Class to do so. On December 11, 2011, he signed the rookie scale contract with the Bobcats, and with the injury of point guard D. J. Augustin, he became their starting point guard for the lockout-shortened season. On January 28, 2012, in a home game against the Washington Wizards he achieved his first triple-double with 20 points, 11 assists, and 10 rebounds, joining Boris Diaw and Stephen Jackson as the only Bobcats in team history to record one. Walker participated in the 2012 Rising Stars Challenge during All-Star Weekend. On November 14, 2012, Walker hit his first game winner of his NBA career against the Minnesota Timberwolves. He finished the game with 22 points on 9-of-19 shooting, as well as 5 rebounds, 4 assists and 4 steals. On January 21, 2013, he scored a then career-high 35 points against the Houston Rockets. During the 2012–13 season, Walker was selected with teammate Michael Kidd-Gilchrist to the 2013 Rising Stars Challenge. Walker scored 8 points. Kemba finished the 2012–13 season with averages of 17.7 points, 5.7 assists, 3.5 rebounds, and 2 steals a game. He took significant strides over his rookie year. On December 9, 2013, Walker scored 31 points, with 27 points coming in the second half, and scored the final 15 points to help the Bobcats defeat the Golden State Warriors, 115–111. On December 18, 2013, he hit a buzzer-beating jump shot over Jonas Valančiūnas in overtime to beat the Toronto Raptors. He finished the night with 26 points and 5 rebounds on 10/18 shooting from the field. On February 19, 2014, Walker recorded 24 points, 5 rebounds and a career-high 16 assists in a 116–98 win over the Detroit Pistons. Five days later, he was awarded the Eastern Conference Player of the Week. He averaged 22.5 points, 8.8 assists, and 5.5 rebounds during the week. In a home victory against the Orlando Magic on April 4, 2014, Walker recorded his second career triple-double with 13 points, 10 assists, and 10 rebounds. Walker had a stellar game four in the Eastern Conference Playoffs first round against the Miami Heat with teammate Al Jefferson unable to play due to a Plantar fasciitis injury. He finished the game with a playoff franchise high 29 points along with 5 assists, 5 rebounds, 3 blocks, and 2 steals. The effort came in a loss as the Heat completed a four-game sweep of the Bobcats. In the newly renamed Charlotte Hornets' opening game against the Milwaukee Bucks on October 29, Walker led an impressive comeback in an overtime 108–106 victory. The Hornets were 24 points down by the fourth quarter before staging a comeback; Walker scored a three-point shot with 1.6 seconds remaining to force overtime before hitting the game winning shot as well. He finished the game with 26 points, 5 assists and 6 rebounds. The following day, he signed a four-year, $48 million contract extension with the Hornets. On December 5, 2014, Walker hit his second game-winner of the season in a 103–102 win over the New York Knicks. On December 27, in a 94–102 loss to the Orlando Magic, he scored a then career-high 42 points, and set a franchise record for most points scored in a half in Charlotte Hornets franchise history with 35 in the second half. On January 3 against the Orlando Magic, Walker scored 30 points to pass Kendall Gill for 10th place on the Charlotte Hornets all-time scoring list with 4,160 points. In three games played between January 3 and 7, Walker scored 30 points in a win over the Orlando Magic, 33 points in a win over the Boston Celtics, and 31 points in a win over the New Orleans Pelicans to become one of four players (Larry Johnson, Glen Rice and Kelly Tripucka) in", "with the Hornets. On December 5, 2014, Walker hit his second game-winner of the season in a 103–102 win over the New York Knicks. On December 27, in a 94–102 loss to the Orlando Magic, he scored a then career-high 42 points, and set a franchise record for most points scored in a half in Charlotte Hornets franchise history with 35 in the second half. On January 3 against the Orlando Magic, Walker scored 30 points to pass Kendall Gill for 10th place on the Charlotte Hornets all-time scoring list with 4,160 points. In three games played between January 3 and 7, Walker scored 30 points in a win over the Orlando Magic, 33 points in a win over the Boston Celtics, and 31 points in a win over the New Orleans Pelicans to become one of four players (Larry Johnson, Glen Rice and Kelly Tripucka) in Charlotte Hornets' franchise history to ever put together a consecutive span of three or more 30-point plus games. Walker also hit his fifth game winner of his career and his third game winner of the season on January 7 in the 98–94 win over the Pelicans. On January 12, he was named the Eastern Conference Player of the Week for games played Monday, January 5 through Sunday, January 11. Over the week, he led the Hornets to a 4–0 record and averaged 30.3 points, 5.8 rebounds and 4.5 assists in 36.2 minutes, while shooting .500 from the field (44–88), .364 from beyond the three-point line (8–22) and .893 from the free-throw line (25–28). On January 28, 2015, Walker was ruled out for six weeks after he underwent successful surgery to repair a torn lateral meniscus in his left knee. He returned to action on March 11 after missing 18 games to score six points in 16 minutes off the bench as the Hornets lost to the Sacramento Kings, 106–113. On November 23, 2015, Walker scored a then season-high 39 points in a 127–122 overtime win over the Sacramento Kings. On January 18, 2016, Walker set a career-high and a franchise-record with 52 points in a 124–119 double overtime win over the Utah Jazz. He made 16-of-34 from the field, including 6-of-11 three-pointers, and was 14-of-15 from the free throw line, breaking the team mark of 48 points set by Glen Rice in March 1997. On March 9, in a win over the New Orleans Pelicans, Walker became just the third Hornets player to make 500 career three-pointers, joining Dell Curry (929) and Glen Rice (508). Five days later, he earned his fourth career Player of the Week award, and second of the 2015–16 season (first coming on January 25), becoming just the sixth Charlotte player to win the award multiple times in the same season. The Hornets finished the regular season as the sixth seed in the Eastern Conference with a 48–34 record. In the first round of the playoffs, the Hornets faced the third-seeded Miami Heat, and in a Game 4 win on April 25, Walker scored a playoff career-high 34 points, helping the Hornets tie the series at 2–2. He topped that mark in Game 6 of the series, scoring 37 points in a 97–90 loss, as the Heat tied the series at 3–3. The Hornets went on to lose Game 7, bowing out of the playoffs with a 4–3 defeat. On November 4, 2016, Walker scored a season-high 30 points in a 99–95 win over the Brooklyn Nets, helping Charlotte improve to 4–1 for the first time since 2000. He topped that mark on November 11, recording 40 points, 10 rebounds and six assists in a 113–111 loss to the Toronto Raptors. On December 29, with 22 points against the Miami Heat, Walker recorded his 7,000th point with the Charlotte franchise when he hit a three-pointer with 4:16 left in the first quarter. He became the fourth player in franchise history to reach that mark, and became the second-quickest by doing so in his 396th game—Larry Johnson passed the mark in his 355th career game with the Hornets. Walker's 37-point effort against the Cleveland Cavaliers on December 31 marked his 31st game of 30 points or more. The only Hornets player with more such games in team history is Glen Rice with 54. On January 2, 2017, he recorded 34 points and a season-high 11 rebounds in a 118–111 loss to the Chicago Bulls. He notched consecutive 30-point games for the first time since March 2016. On January 26, he was named an Eastern Conference All-Star reserve for the 2017 NBA All-Star Game. Two days later, in a loss to the Sacramento Kings, Walker moved into third place in franchise history in field goals made (2,586), passing Gerald Wallace. On January 31, he scored 22 points against the Portland Trail Blazers and moved into third place on the team's career scoring list. On March 6, he was named Eastern Conference Player of the Week for games played Monday, February 27 through Sunday, March 5. On March 31, 2017, he scored a game-high 31 points in a 122–114 win over the Denver Nuggets. During the game, Walker became the second player in team history to reach 8,000 career points—the only other player to reach that mark is Dell Curry (9,839). On November 1, 2017, Walker scored 26 points in a 126–121 win over the Milwaukee Bucks. It was his 193rd 20-point game, passing Larry Johnson for the franchise record. On November 17, he scored 47 points in a 123–120 loss to the Chicago Bulls. On December 4, he scored 29 points and made all 14 free throw attempts (tying a career high) in a 104–94 win over the Orlando Magic, becoming the first player in franchise history with 200 career 20-point games. On January 10, 2018, he had 41 points on 16-of-28 shooting in a 115–111 loss to the Dallas Mavericks. On January 15, he scored 20 points in a 118–107 win over the Detroit Pistons, thus reaching 9,000 career points. On January 24, in a 101–96 loss to the New Orleans Pelicans, Walker became only the second Hornets' player with 900 career 3-pointers, joining Dell Curry (929). On January 31, he set franchise and career highs with nine 3-pointers and scored 38 points in a 123–110 win over the Atlanta Hawks. On February 2, he scored 41 points on 11-for-22 shooting in a 133–126 win over the Indiana Pacers. On February 4, in a 115–110 win over the Phoenix Suns, Walker scored 18 points and broke the franchise career record for 3-pointers with 930, surpassing the record of 929 held by Dell Curry. On February 8, Walker was named as the replacement for the injured Kristaps Porziņģis in the 2018 NBA All-Star Game, marking his second consecutive All-Star selection. Later that day, he had a 40-point effort in a 109–103 overtime loss to the Portland Trail Blazers. On March 22, he scored 46 points with 10 3-pointers in a 140–79 win over the Memphis Grizzlies. It was his ninth 40-point game of his career and third-highest scoring game of his career, as he helped the Hornets record the sixth-largest win in NBA history. On March 28, he scored 21 points in a 118–105 loss to the Cleveland Cavaliers, surpassing Dell Curry (9,839 points) to become the franchise's career scoring leader. Walker also established a new team record with his 44th consecutive made free throw. That free throw also brought his career total to 1,999, which broke Gerald Wallace's franchise record of 1,998. On October 17, 2018, Walker scored 41 points in a 113–112 loss to the Milwaukee Bucks, setting a franchise record for points scored in a season opener. It was his 10th 40-point game of his career, tying Glen Rice for the franchise record for 40-point games. Three days later, he scored 39 points, including the game-winning free throw with a half-second left, to lift the Hornets to a 113–112 win over the Miami Heat. During the game, he eclipsed the career 10,000-point mark. Walker set the NBA record for most three-point field goals through the first three games of a season with 19 (previously held by Danilo Gallinari with 18 in 2009–10) and became the first player in NBA history to make five or more three-point field goals in each of the first three games of a season. He was subsequently named Eastern Conference Player of the Week for the first week of the season. On November 17, he scored a career-high and franchise-best 60 points", "opener. It was his 10th 40-point game of his career, tying Glen Rice for the franchise record for 40-point games. Three days later, he scored 39 points, including the game-winning free throw with a half-second left, to lift the Hornets to a 113–112 win over the Miami Heat. During the game, he eclipsed the career 10,000-point mark. Walker set the NBA record for most three-point field goals through the first three games of a season with 19 (previously held by Danilo Gallinari with 18 in 2009–10) and became the first player in NBA history to make five or more three-point field goals in each of the first three games of a season. He was subsequently named Eastern Conference Player of the Week for the first week of the season. On November 17, he scored a career-high and franchise-best 60 points in a 122–119 overtime loss to the Philadelphia 76ers. Two days later, he scored 43 points in a 117–112 win over the Boston Celtics. On December 5 against the Minnesota Timberwolves, Walker made his 502nd career start for Charlotte, the most of any player in team history, passing Muggsy Bogues (501). Walker is the son of Paul and Andrea Walker. His mother is a Crucian, raised in Antigua of Antiguan parentage, and his father is Antiguan. He has two brothers Akil and Keya and one sister Sharifa. Walker grew up in the Sack-Wern Houses in Soundview, Bronx. Walker is also a dancer. He performed three times at the Apollo Theater for the TV show \"Showtime at the Apollo\". On June 21, 2011, Walker released a mixtape in collaboration with DJ Skee and Skee Sports. The mixtape features songs inspired by and inspiring to Walker. In 2011, Walker signed a multi-year sponsorship deal with Under Armour. In 2015, Walker's contract with Under Armour expired. He subsequently signed with Jordan Brand, a subsidiary of Nike. Kemba Walker Kemba Hudley Walker (born May 8, 1990) is an American professional basketball player for the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Walker was drafted ninth overall by the Charlotte Bobcats in the 2011 NBA draft. Walker grew up in The Bronx, New York, and graduated from Rice High School in 2008. Walker played college basketball for the Connecticut men's basketball team. In the 2010–11 season, Walker was unanimously selected for the All-Big East first team, Walker was the second-leading college basketball scorer in the United States and led the" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "2013 Syrian Premier League The 2013 Syrian Premier League season is the 42nd since its establishment. This seasons league features two stages. Stage one pits two groups of nine teams and kicked off on 12 February 2013. The top two off each group advances to the Championship Playoff to determine the overall league champions. All matches were played in Damascus due to security reasons. Each team plays each other once, top two advanced to the championship playoff, bottom two relegate. 1.Al-Futowa withdrew before the League begin. 2.Deducted three points by a decision of FIFA . 1.Al-Jihad withdrew before the League begin. 2.Al-Majd vs Baniyas Refinery : 0-1,0-0 . Each team plays each other once. All matches will be played in Damascus. 2013 Syrian Premier League The 2013 Syrian Premier League season is the 42nd since its establishment. This seasons league features two stages. Stage one pits two groups of nine teams and kicked off on 12 February 2013. The top two off each group advances to the Championship Playoff to determine the overall league champions. All matches were played in Damascus due to security reasons. Each team plays each other once, top two advanced to the championship playoff, bottom two" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Hints, Staffordshire Hints is a small village and civil parish between Lichfield and Tamworth in Staffordshire, within Lichfield local government district. The village is on the line of Watling Street, which was formerly the A5, but the A5 now runs in a cutting north of the village. The name of the parish council is \"Hints with Canwell\". The parish church is dedicated to St Bartholomew. The name Hints appears to derive from the Welsh word \"hynt\", meaning 'a road' (referring to Watling Street). This suggests that the area was occupied by Welsh speakers until at least the late 6th century, when most of the Midlands had been occupied by the English. Physician and author Sir John Floyer (1649–1734) was born in Hints. Hints, Staffordshire Hints is a small village and civil parish between Lichfield and Tamworth in Staffordshire, within Lichfield local government district. The village is on the line of Watling Street, which was formerly the A5, but the A5 now runs in a cutting north of the village. The name of the parish council is \"Hints with Canwell\". The parish church is dedicated to St Bartholomew. The name Hints appears to derive from the Welsh word \"hynt\", meaning 'a" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Beep Prepared Beep Prepared is a Warner Brothers Merrie Melodies American theatrical cartoon short released in 1961. It features Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner. Chuck Jones and designer Maurice Noble (billed as co-director) directed from a story by John Dunn and Jones. The quartet animated the characters. The title is a play on the Boy Scouts of America motto \"Be Prepared\". As in all other cartoons featuring the pair, Wile E. Coyote tries to catch the Road Runner. \"Beep Prepared\" begins with the Coyote (\"Hungrii flea-bagius\") assuming the \"on your mark\" stance used in track and field events. As soon as he goes into \"get set\" mode, he hears the familiar beeping sound and gets shocked into a backward move, suspended in mid-air atop a ravine. The Road Runner (\"Tid-bittius velocitus\") issues the gunshot that causes the Coyote to drop (one of three overhead shots shown in the short). The episode title card follows. After recovering from his fall, Wile E. walks off into the horizon while thinking. His hand sticks up in a eureka expression as an idea comes to him. 1.) First, Wile E. tries to trip the Road Runner with his own foot, only to have it flattened by a passing delivery truck. 2.) Taking higher ground, Wile E. uses a bow and arrow to skewer the Road Runner, only to backfire and cause a chain of reactions that leads to him getting sandwiched by boulders. 3.) Lifting a manhole cover off a manhole, Wile E. intends to trap the Road Runner in the manhole. But when the Road Runner approaches the manhole, the laws of physics break as the Road Runner picks up the manhole as a portable hole and runs off. Furiously, Wile E. gives chase after Road Runner towards the bridge. Road Runner stops half-way in the middle of the bridge as he drops the hole in Wile E.'s path. The result: Wile E. falls in through the hole in the bridge and plummets to the ground below. 4.) Hoping to have a better advantage in the air, Wile E. uses a cloth-based Bat-Man Costume, but this time, to ensure he goes faster, he uses a small rocket to help him chase after Road Runner. An explosion follows, leaving behind nothing but the framework of the device. And since the wings were made of cloth, the fabric was also destroyed in the blast. With no support left whatsoever (not even slots in the wings), gravity takes over as the Coyote leaves a trail of soot. 5.) Wile E. obtains a box of ACME Iron Bird Seed for use as bait. This time, he's wearing roller skates. Wile E. sets up the bait with a \"FREE LUNCH!\" sign, skates over behind a rock, and straps on a big magnet. When Road Runner eats the seeds, the magnet that Wile E. had strapped on suddenly gets attracted to the bird. As the magnet follows potential prey, so does Wile E. as the skates provide transportation. Road Runner leads Wile E. up a hillside and onto railroad tracks. Just as Road Runner approaches a bridge, he suddenly runs off as Wile E. runs into the path of a train. The Coyote tries to run off, but the magnet remains facing the train. The magnet remains upright as he winds up snared in the track bed. 6.) After that failure, and as dusk approaches, Wile E. sets up a spring-loaded block of pavement, which ends up crushing him just as the Road Runner stopped right in front of it. 7.) As the day comes to a close, Wile E. erects a pair of machine guns connected by a trip rope. However, when the Roadrunner passes through the trip rope, he cuts it in two without setting off the guns. Annoyed that it went wrong, Wile. E comes out and attempts to reattach the rope to try again. However, upon pulling on the rope ends, he realized what he just did and ends up getting reduced in size when the guns blast him in the midsection. Out he comes, holding up his midsection. 8.) Finally, at night, Wile E. gets two last things from ACME: a Little Giant Do-It-Yourself Rocket-Sled Kit and 30 miles of railroad tracks. However, just as Wile E. was about to pursue the Road Runner, one last time... The rocket sled blasts off from the ground and soars off, up in the sky, leaving Earth's atmosphere. His rocket passes Sputnik I and Explorer I, the first satellites in orbit. (Looks like Team Rocket's blasting off again!) It sends Wile E. past the moon and beyond the stars. After the rocket sled explodes in deep space, the night sky has a new Sagittarius-like constellation... in the form of Wile E. Coyote. Twinkle twinkle little star is played in the background as the cartoon ends. Like all Merrie Melodies cartoons, the closing scene said, \"That's all Folks!\". It is currently available on Blu-ray on the . It is also available as an extra on \"Splendor in the Grass\" DVD. \"Beep Prepared\" received an Academy Award nomination as Best Animated Short for 1961. It was the only Oscar-nominated Road Runner / Coyote cartoon. Beep Prepared Beep Prepared is a Warner Brothers Merrie Melodies American theatrical cartoon short released in 1961. It features Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner. Chuck Jones and designer Maurice Noble (billed" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Altisidora Altisidora (1810–1825) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare best known for winning the classic St Leger Stakes in 1813. Bred, trained and raced in Yorkshire she won two of her three races as a two-year-old in 1812. She was unbeaten for the next two seasons, winning three races including the St Leger at Doncaster as a three-year-old and four as a four-year-old in 1814. In her final season she won four of her eight races including a Great Subscription Purse at York, the Fitzwilliam Stakes at Doncaster and a King's Plate at Richmond. She was retired to stud, where she had some impact, being the grand-dam of Ralph, the winner 2000 Guineas and the Ascot Gold Cup. Altisidora died in 1825 at the age of fifteen. Altisidora was a chestnut mare with a white star and two white feet bred by Richard Watt of Bishop Burton in Yorkshire. She was sired by Dick Andrews, a grandson of Eclipse whose other progeny included the 2000 Guineas winner Cwrw, the Oaks Stakes winner Manuella and the successful stallions Tramp and Muley Moloch. Her dam Mandane has been described as one of the best broodmares of the early 19th century and was also the dam of Manuella, and the Chester Cup winner Brutandorf. Mandane is regarded as the foundation mare of Thoroughbred family 11-g. Altisidora was trained throughout her racing career by Tommy Sykes and ridden in most of her races by John Jackson. Altisidora made he first appearance on 8 April 1812 at Malton Racecourse. She started the 8/13 favourite for a half mile sweepstakes and won from two opponents. On 27 May at York Racecourse, the filly started favourite for a sweepstakes and defeated Mr Garforth's unnamed grey colt and three others. On her third and final appearance as a two-year-old, Altisidora started 2/5 favourite for a sweepstakes at York on 25 August and finished third to Mr Garforth's colt. During the season, Watt reportedly turned down an offer of 1500 guineas for the filly. Altisidora began her 1813 season at York on 25 May. She started favourite for a one and a half mile sweepstakes for three-year-old fillies and \"won easy\" from the Duke of Leeds chestnut filly by Selim. The filly was rested for five months before running in the St Leger at Doncaster on 27 September. Ridden by John Jackson she started the 5/2 favourite in a field of seventeen runners. Altisidora won the classic by a head from Lord Fitzwilliam's colt Camelopard with Tiger in third. Two days later, Altisidora contested a sweepstakes over the St Leger course and defeated five opponents at odds of 1/4. As a five-year-old in 1814, Altisidora was unbeaten in four races. At York in August she defeated Camelopard at level weights in a two mile match race, earning 500 guineas for her owner. Over the same course on the following afternoon she won a sweepstakes in which she defeated Lord Scarborough's five-year-old Catton at weight-for-age. In autumn, Altisidora returned to the Doncaster St Leger meeting, where she had two engagements on 29 September. She was able to claim the Doncaster Club Stakes without having to race as the other runners were withdrawn, allowing the filly to walk over. Later that afternoon she defeated Camelopard again in a four mile sweepstakes in which she received four pounds from the colt. Altisidora did not appear as a five-year-old until 21 August at York when she contested a subscription race over two miles. She started odds-on favourite but suffered her first defeat for three years as she was beaten into second place by Catton. Two days later she ran in the second of the three Great Subscription Purse races and \"won easy\" from Hocuspocus and Kexby. The third and final of the Great Subscription Purse races was held the following afternoon with Catton her only opponent. On this occasion the colt started favourite and repeated his earlier victory over the filly. In September, Altisidora ran for the third year in succession at the St Leger meeting and contested four races. On the opening day she won the one and a half mile Fitzwilliam Stakes, beating seven opponents at odds of 4/6. Two days later she received seven pounds from Catton in the Doncaster Stakes, but again finished second to Lord Scarborough's horse. On the following afternoon she finished last of the three runners behind the three-year-old St Leger winner Filho da Puta in the Doncaster Club Stakes over two miles and then immediately reappeared to beat two opponents in a four mile sweepstakes. Altisidora ended her racing career at Richmond Racecourse on 11 October. She won a King's Plate over four miles and then turned out again for the Richmond Gold Cup over the same course and distance. The mare ran unplaced for the first time as she finished seventh of the ten runners behind Filho da Puta and Doctor Syntax. Altisidora was retired from racing to become a broodmare for Richard Watt's stud at Bishop Burton. She produced eight foals in eight years: Altisidora died at Bishop Burton on 25 January 1825. One of Bishop Burton's Public Houses was renamed The Altisidora in honour of the local mare, and has retained the name to the present day. Altisidora Altisidora (1810–1825) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare best known for winning the classic St Leger Stakes in 1813. Bred, trained and" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Los Brincos Los Brincos were one of the most successful Spanish rock bands of the 1960s, and were sometimes called the “Spanish Beatles”. The group was formed in 1964. The members were Fernando Arbex (drums), Manuel González (bass), Juan Pardo (guitar) and Antonio ‘Junior’ Morales (guitar). All four sang, and vocal harmonies were an important part of their sound. Early hits included \"Flamenco\" (1965), \"Sola\" (1965), \"Tú me dijiste adiós\" (‘You told me goodbye’ - 1965, B-side \"Eres Tú\". ). \"Mejor\" (1966) and \"Un sorbito de champán\" (‘A sip of champagne’ - 1966). After two years of success, Juan and Junior left the group to form a duo. Los Brincos recruited new members and continued to have hits. \"Lola\" (no relation to The Kinks song) was number one in the summer of 1967. Their third album “Contraband” (1968) was produced by Larry Page. “Mundo, demonio y carne” (1970) was less successful and the band broke up shortly after. They reformed in 2000, but Fernando Arbex died in 2003. Los Brincos Los Brincos were one of the most successful Spanish rock bands of the 1960s, and were sometimes called the “Spanish Beatles”. The group was formed in 1964. The members were" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Catharina Charlotta Swedenmarck Catharina Charlotta Swedenmarck (29 January 1744, Stockholm - 1813 Sundsbergs gård, Kyrkslätt), was a Swedish-Finnish writer and poet. Her play \"Dianas fest\" (The Feast of Diana) from 1775 is referred to as the first original work of its kind produced by a female during the Gustavian age. The parentage of Catharina Charlotta Swedenmarck is unknown but her father is believed to have been a clerk. She married first to lieutenant Carl Johan Hastfer (d. 1771). As a widow she met with economical difficulties but was given assistance by the patronage of the courtier Baron Axel Gabriel Leijonhufvud. In 1773, she married major Carl Fredrik Toll, who was the owner of three mansions in Nyland in Finland. Catharina Charlotta Swedenmarck Catharina Charlotta Swedenmarck (29 January 1744, Stockholm - 1813 Sundsbergs gård, Kyrkslätt), was a Swedish-Finnish writer and poet. Her play \"Dianas fest\" (The Feast of Diana) from 1775 is referred to as the first original work of its kind produced by a female during the Gustavian age. The parentage of Catharina Charlotta Swedenmarck is unknown but her father is believed to have been a clerk. She married first to lieutenant Carl Johan Hastfer (d. 1771). As a widow" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "We Love Life We Love Life is the seventh and final studio album by Pulp, released in the UK on 22 October 2001. It reached number 6 in the UK album charts, with a total chart stay of only three weeks. It was produced by Scott Walker, whose own album \"'Til the Band Comes In\" is mocked in the lyrics of the song \"Bad Cover Version\". Cocker claims the lyric was written long before Walker became involved in the album's production. The minimal cover art (by Peter Saville) shows a set of initial capitals held in the collection of St. Bride Printing Library in London. They were engraved in wood by or for Louis Pouchée around the 1820s. Initial critical response to \"We Love Life\" was very positive. The album received an average score of 84 at Metacritic, based on 20 reviews. The music review online magazine \"Pitchfork\" placed \"We Love Life\" at number 194 on their list of the top 200 albums of the 2000s. Additional musicians Production Arrangement Artwork Personnel taken from album liner notes We Love Life We Love Life is the seventh and final studio album by Pulp, released in the UK on 22 October 2001." ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Devil's Garden volcanic field Devil's Garden Volcanic Field is a volcanic field located south east of Newberry Caldera in Oregon. The lava field consists of several flows of pahoehoe lava that erupted from fissure vents in the northeast part of the Devils Garden. The main vent on the north end of the fissure created a lava tube system. Several small vents to the south produced The Blowouts (two large spatter cones), several small spatter cones, and flows. Several older hills and higher areas were completely surrounded by the flows to form kipukas. The distal ends of the flows show excellent examples of inflated lava. The flows cover an area of . Devil's Garden is most likely between 50,000 and 10,000 years old. It is certainly older than the formation of Crater Lake as ash from the eruption of Mount Mazama overlays the Devil's Garden lava flows. (archived) Devil's Garden volcanic field Devil's Garden Volcanic Field is a volcanic field located south east of Newberry Caldera in Oregon. The lava field consists of several flows of pahoehoe lava that erupted from fissure vents in the northeast part of the Devils Garden. The main vent on the north end of the fissure" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Kayla Bashore Smedley Kayla Bashore (born February 20, 1983 in Daegu, South Korea) is an American field hockey defender and midfielder. Now living in San Diego, California, she was a student of the Indiana University, where she played for the Hoosiers, and was the first player from that university to make the US National Field Hockey team. She represented the USA at the 2008 Summer Olympics. Kayla grew up in a small town in Pennsylvania. Growing up, Kayla did not find her sporting love in field hockey, but in soccer instead. It was not until high school that she picked up her first field hockey stick. The field hockey coach of the high school saw her playing and immediately wanted her on the team. Throughout the year, the coached constantly asked her to consider playing field hockey instead, but Kayla did not want anything to do with it. Finally, after persisting, Kayla decided to play field hockey and after that moment she realized she had made a good choice. She immediately fell in love with it. From then on out she excelled at the sport and played at the top of her team. After graduating from Hamburg Area High School, she made her way onto Indiana University's team. After playing on the team for four years, in the last couple months of her senior year, she got asked to join the United States National Field Hockey Team. After that, she made her way to San Diego, California, to start to train alongside of the team. This is where she grew into the field hockey player she is today. Her and the team went through rigorous training daily to achieve these goals. The team first qualified for the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, China. Alongside of her team, her whole family made the trip over to support her in her dreams. In the Games, the team did not win any medals. Throughout the following four years they trained harder so they would be able to go to the 2012 Olympics in London, England. They did just that. Her family again was there to support them on. During the games, they did beat their biggest rival team, Argentina. The team did not win any medal during those Games either. A few months after the Olympics, Kayla decided it was time to hang up the shoes and retire. She retired with over 100 international appearances. Kayla Bashore Smedley Kayla Bashore (born February 20, 1983 in Daegu, South Korea) is an American field hockey defender and midfielder. Now living in San Diego, California, she was a student of the Indiana University, where she played for the Hoosiers, and was the first player from that university to make the US National Field Hockey team. She represented the USA at the 2008 Summer Olympics. Kayla grew up in a small town in Pennsylvania. Growing up, Kayla did not find her sporting love in field hockey, but in soccer instead. It was not until high school that she" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "High-Rise (film) High-Rise is a 2015 British dystopian drama directed by Ben Wheatley, starring Tom Hiddleston, Jeremy Irons, Sienna Miller, Luke Evans, and Elisabeth Moss. It was produced by Jeremy Thomas through his production company Recorded Picture Company. Its screenplay was written by Amy Jump and based on the 1975 novel \"High-Rise\" by British writer J. G. Ballard. The film is set in a luxury tower block during the 1970s. Featuring a wealth of modern conveniences, the building allows its residents to become gradually uninterested in the outside world. The infrastructure begins to fail and tensions between residents become apparent, and the building soon descends into chaos. In September 2015, the film received its world première at the Toronto International Film Festival and its European première at the 63rd San Sebastián Film Festival. The film was released in the United Kingdom on 18 March 2016 by StudioCanal. Though a critical success, the film's receipts failed to meet its production costs. In 2017 it was nominated for the Empire Award for Best British Film. The film opens with Dr. Robert Laing (Tom Hiddleston) living in a ravaged tower block, killing a white Alsatian and spit roasting it. The film flashes back to three months earlier. The forty storey high-rise tower on the outskirts of London, built by esteemed architect Anthony Royal (Jeremy Irons), is the epitome of chic, modern living. The wealthy upper echelons of society live on the top floors, while more common families live on the lower ones. The high-rise provides its tenants with a swimming pool, gym, spa, supermarket and even a primary school. There is little reason to leave the building outside of working hours and its occupants gradually become isolated from the outside world. Laing moves into an apartment on the 25th floor, after his sister dies. He begins a relationship with single mother Charlotte Melville (Sienna Miller) and becomes a fatherly figure to her son, Toby (Louis Suc). He also becomes friends with documentary filmmaker Richard Wilder (Luke Evans) and his heavily pregnant wife Helen (Elisabeth Moss), who live in a low-level apartment with their children. Laing works at a school of physiology. While he is cracking open a severed head, a student named Munrow (Augustus Prew) faints. Having taken a fall, he is given brain scans as a precaution. The next day, Laing is taken to the 40th storey penthouse to meet Royal, where he finds an opulent rooftop garden and is invited to a party being thrown by Royal's snobby wife, Ann (Keeley Hawes). The party turns out to be an 18th-century costume party and Laing's everyday suit is ridiculed by Ann and other guests, including Munrow, who also lives in the building. Laing is thrown out of the party and becomes trapped in an elevator during a power outage. Such outages are becoming common, along with water being shut off and garbage chutes becoming blocked, much to the annoyance of the lower-floor residents. During a game of squash, Royal tells Laing that these are simply the growing pains of a new building. Laing receives Munrow's brain scans, which come back clean. However, still angry about his humiliation, the vengeful Laing tells Munrow that they may have \"found something\", letting him think that he has a brain tumor. Another power outage in the high-rise leads to a night of decadent partying in the hallways and apartments. A drunken and distressed Munrow commits suicide by jumping off the 39th floor, crashing onto a parked car. Wilder finds it suspicious that no police showed up at the scene to investigate and becomes intent on exposing the injustices of the high-rise. Law and order begin to disintegrate in the building due to the failing infrastructure and increasing tensions between floors. Violence becomes commonplace, food from the supermarket becomes scarce and the building devolves into class warfare between floors. It is implied that Royal has been bribing authorities to ignore the chaos within the high-rise. Feeling guilty about Munrow's death, Laing shows signs of mental disturbance, eventually barricading himself in his apartment and settling into the chaotic atmosphere, even having sexual intercourse with Helen. Wilder, waking up from a fight with upper-floor residents, intends to find and kill Royal, believing him to be the cause of what has happened within the high-rise. Acquiring a gun from the Royals' former housekeeper, Wilder also learns that Charlotte is Royal's aide and that Toby is Royal's illegitimate child. Breaking into Charlotte's apartment, Wilder tortures and rapes her for information on Royal. The only resident who still leaves the building for work, upper-floor resident and television newsreader Cosgrove (Peter Ferdinando), is captured and killed by a gang of lower-floor residents. Some upper-floor residents ask Laing to lobotomize Wilder, as they believe he is a dangerous agitator causing the majority of the chaos in the building. After Laing conducts a psychiatric examination, he refuses, saying that Wilder is \"possibly the sanest man in the building\". Laing is nearly thrown off the building to his death for this, but Royal steps in and saves him. Laing and Royal talk about the failure and arguable success of the high rise, that it is a \"crucible for change\" and could lead to \"new developments\", as well as giving the residents the opportunity to escape to a new life. The women at the top begin working on a plan to establish new management of the building, and Helen gives birth to her overdue baby. Wilder manages to make his way to the penthouse and shoots Royal dead after a scuffle. He is then killed by Royal's harem of women, as Toby looks on through his kaleidoscope. The film ends as it began in the ravaged high-rise. Violence has abated somewhat now that many residents are dead, as well as many of the apartments in ruin. Laing appears to have gone insane, speaking about himself and to others in the third person and talking to the building. Laing then lies down with Charlotte, reflecting that what has happened will eventually reach the second tower of the high-rise development. The film ends with Toby listening to a radio broadcast of Margaret Thatcher saying that where there is state capitalism there can never be political freedom. British producer Jeremy Thomas had wanted to make a film adaptation of J.G. Ballard's \"High-Rise\" since the 1970s. He tried to make it in the late 1970s with Nicolas Roeg directing from a script by Paul Mayersberg. In the 2000s, Thomas began developing the project with screenwriter Richard Stanley and director Vincenzo Natali, with the film intended as a loose adaptation of the novel. In 2013, Wheatley started looking into who held the rights to the book, which led him to Thomas. Wheatley has remarked: “The book makes as much sense now as it did then. It was written in the '70s, projecting itself into a near future, but we live in that future now. We’re almost in a new version of the '70s.” Screenwriter Amy Jump, who is also Wheatley's wife, adapted the book. Hiddleston's involvement in the project was announced in February 2014 after he was cast in the role of Dr. Robert Laing. Hiddleston had previously worked with Thomas on Jim Jarmusch's 2013 film \"Only Lovers Left Alive\". The involvement of Luke Evans and Elisabeth Moss was announced that June. Clint Mansell composed the soundtrack for the film. International sales were handled by HanWay Films, and key financiers included the British Film Institute and FilmFour. Principal photography began in July 2014 in Belfast, primarily in the seaside resort town of Bangor, Co. Down. On 3 July 2014, director Ben Wheatley tweeted pictures of the set. On 6 August 2014, Tom Hiddleston tweeted a photograph of himself from the set seen in character as Laing, together with Wheatley, Luke Evans and director of photography Laurie Rose. Elisabeth Moss later remarked on Wheatley and the shoot: \"I don't know anyone who makes", "Laing. Hiddleston had previously worked with Thomas on Jim Jarmusch's 2013 film \"Only Lovers Left Alive\". The involvement of Luke Evans and Elisabeth Moss was announced that June. Clint Mansell composed the soundtrack for the film. International sales were handled by HanWay Films, and key financiers included the British Film Institute and FilmFour. Principal photography began in July 2014 in Belfast, primarily in the seaside resort town of Bangor, Co. Down. On 3 July 2014, director Ben Wheatley tweeted pictures of the set. On 6 August 2014, Tom Hiddleston tweeted a photograph of himself from the set seen in character as Laing, together with Wheatley, Luke Evans and director of photography Laurie Rose. Elisabeth Moss later remarked on Wheatley and the shoot: \"I don't know anyone who makes movies like he does... (it was) like if you gave him a bigger crew, a little bit more money, costumes and hair and makeup, all of that stuff that maybe he hasn't had before. It was so fun, he is just a fucking genius and he's so funny.\" Prior to production on the film, it was announced that StudioCanal and The Jokers would be distributing the film in the United Kingdom and France respectively. In August 2015, it was announced that Soda Pictures would distribute the film in Canada. The film had its world première at the Toronto International Film Festival on 13 September 2015. It had its international premiere at the San Sebastian Film Festival on 21 September 2015. The film went onto screen at the London Film Festival on 9 October 2015, and the Torino Film Festival on 22 November 2015. Shortly after, it was announced Magnet Releasing had acquired the US distribution rights to the film. The film was released on 18 March 2016 in the United Kingdom. The film was released in the United States on 28 April 2016, with a day and date video on demand and theatrical limited release on 13 May 2016. The film failed to recover its production costs. The critical response to the film is polarized. Tim Robey of \"The Telegraph\" awarded \"High-Rise\" 4 out of 5 stars, praising the brutality and dark comedy. IGN awarded it a score of 7.0 out of 10, saying \"Enjoyably dark and disturbing adaptation of one of J.G. Ballard's best.\" Kate Wilson of \"Varsity\" gave the film a 5-star review, calling it a \"masterpiece.\" Rotten Tomatoes gives it a 59% score based on 203 reviews and an average rating of 6.3/10; the site's consensus is \"\"High-Rise\" may not quite live up to its classic source material, but it still offers an energetic, well-acted, and thought-provoking take on its timely socioeconomic themes.\" Metacritic gives the film a score of 65 out of 100 based on 36 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". High-Rise (film) High-Rise is a 2015 British dystopian drama directed by Ben Wheatley, starring Tom Hiddleston, Jeremy Irons, Sienna Miller, Luke Evans, and Elisabeth Moss. It was produced by Jeremy Thomas through his production company Recorded Picture Company. Its screenplay was written by Amy Jump" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Albany–Stony Brook football rivalry The Albany–Stony Brook football rivalry, also known as the Empire Clash and the Battle for the Apple, is an American college football rivalry between the Albany Great Danes and the Stony Brook Seawolves. Both teams represent University centers of the State University of New York, and since 2013 have competed together as football-only members of the Colonial Athletic Association (CAA). The two teams have met 19 times on the football field, with Albany currently holding an 11–8 edge in the all-time series. Albany leads 8–7 since 1999, when both programs moved up to Division I. Since 2013, when both programs joined the CAA together, they have been meeting yearly as part of their conference schedule. The rivalry game was coined the \"Empire Clash\" in 2013 during their first CAA conference game against each other. Starting in 2015, the winner of the game is awarded The Golden Apple Trophy. Albany plays home games at Bob Ford Field (capacity 8,500, grass surface, located in Albany, NY) and Stony Brook plays home games at Kenneth P. LaValle Stadium (capacity 12,300, artificial turf surface, located in Stony Brook, NY). Albany–Stony Brook football rivalry The Albany–Stony Brook football rivalry, also known" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Fukuroi Station Fukuroi Station was opened on April 16, 1889 when the section of the Tōkaidō Main Line connecting Shizuoka with Hamamatsu was completed. From 1902-1962, it was an interchange station which also served the Akiha Line of the Shizuoka Railway. Regularly scheduled freight service was discontinued on January 21, 1984. Fukuroi Station has two island platforms, connected by an overpass. The outside tracks, Track 1 and Track 4, are not in regular use, except during peak times in the summer festival season. The station building has automated ticket machines, TOICA automated turnstiles and a manned \"Midori no Madoguchi\" service counter. Fukuroi Station Fukuroi Station was opened on April 16, 1889 when the section of the Tōkaidō Main Line connecting Shizuoka with Hamamatsu was completed. From 1902-1962, it was an interchange station which also served the Akiha Line of the Shizuoka Railway. Regularly scheduled freight service was discontinued on January 21, 1984. Fukuroi Station has two island platforms, connected by an overpass. The outside tracks, Track 1 and Track 4, are not in regular use, except during peak times in the summer festival season. The station building has automated ticket machines, TOICA automated turnstiles and a manned \"Midori no Madoguchi\"" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Morris Engel Morris Engel (April 8, 1918 – 5 March 2005) was an American photographer, cinematographer and filmmaker best known for directing the 1953 film \"Little Fugitive\" in collaboration with his wife, photographer Ruth Orkin, and their friend, writer Raymond Abrashkin. Engel completed two more features during the 1950s, \"Lovers and Lollipops\" (1956) and \"Weddings and Babies\" (1960). Engel was a pioneer in the use of hand-held cameras and nonprofessional actors in his films, using cameras that he helped design, and his naturalistic films influenced future prominent independent and French New Wave filmmakers. A lifelong New Yorker, Morris Engel was born in Brooklyn in 1918. After joining the Photo League in 1936, Engel had his first exhibition in 1939, at the New School for Social Research. He worked briefly as a photographer for the Leftist newspaper \"PM\" before joining the United States Navy as a combat photographer from 1941 to 1946 in World War II. After the war, he returned to New York where he again was an active Photo League member, teaching workshop classes and serving as co-chair of a project group focusing on postwar labor issues. In 1953, Engel, along with his girlfriend, fellow photographer Ruth Orkin, and his former colleague at \"PM\", Raymond Abrashkin, made \"Little Fugitive\" for $30,000, shooting the film on location with hand-held 35mm camera. The film, one of the first successful American \"independent films\" earned them an Academy Award nomination for Best Writing, Motion Picture Story and a Silver Lion at the Venice Film Festival. The film told the story of a seven-year-old boy, played by Richie Andrusco, who runs away from home and spends the day at Coney Island. Andrusco never appeared in another film, and the other performers were mainly nonprofessionals. Though the film was a critical success, Engel and Orkin, who had since married, had a hard time finding funding for their next film, \"Lovers and Lollipops\", which was completed in 1955. The film was about a widowed mother dating an old friend, and how her young daughter complicates their budding relationship. Like \"Little Fugitive\", \"Lovers and Lollipops\" was filmed with a hand-held 35 millimeter camera that did not allow simultaneous sound recording. The sound of both films was dubbed later. \"Lovers and Lollipops\" was followed two years later by the more adult-centered \"Weddings and Babies\", a film about an aspiring photographer than is often seen as autobiographical. This was Engel's only film to have live sound recorded at the time of filming. \"Weddings and Babies\" was the first 35 mm fiction film made with a portable camera equipped for synchronized sound. In the 1960s, Engel directed a variety of television commercials. He made a fourth film in the late 1960s called \"I Need a Ride to California\" (83 minutes), which followed a group of hippies in Greenwich Village, but it was never released. Engel and Orkin's work occupy a pivotal position in the independent and art film scene of the 1950s, and was influential on John Cassavetes, Martin Scorsese and François Truffaut and was frequently cited as an example by the influential film theorist Siegfried Kracauer. Writing in \"Cassavetes on Cassavetes\", biographer Raymond Carney says that Cassavetes was familiar with the work of the New York-based independent filmmakers who preceded him, and was \"particularly fond\" of Engel's three films. Carney writes that \"Commentators who regard him as the 'first independent' are only displaying their ignorance of the history of independent American film, which goes back to the early 1950s. Truffaut was inspired by \"Little Fugitive\"'s spontaneous production style when he created \"The 400 Blows\" (1959), saying long afterwards: “Our New Wave would never have come into being if it hadn’t been for the young American Morris Engel, who showed us the way to independent production with [this] fine movie.” Engel and Orkin remained married until Orkin's death in 1985. In the 1980s, Engel began taking panoramic photographs and in the 1990s, Engel returned to filmmaking, this time working on video. He completed two works: \"A Little Bit Pregnant\" in 1994 and \"Camillia\" in 1998. Engel died of cancer in 2005. Morris Engel Morris Engel (April 8, 1918 – 5 March 2005) was an American photographer, cinematographer and filmmaker best" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Lana Condor Lana Therese Condor (born May 11, 1997) is a Vietnamese-American actress and dancer. She made her debut as Jubilation Lee / Jubilee in the 2016 superhero film \"\" and had her first lead role as Lara Jean Covey in the 2018 film adaptation of \"To All the Boys I've Loved Before\". She is set to star as Koyomi K. in the science fiction film \"\" (2018), and will portray Saya Kuroki in the upcoming Syfy drama series \"Deadly Class\". Condor was born in Cần Thơ, Vietnam and raised in Chicago, Illinois. She was adopted by American parents, Mary Carol (née Haubold) and Bob Condor, on October 6, 1997, alongside her non-biological brother, Arthur. Condor's name at birth was Tran Dong Lan, but she was baptised Lana Therese Condor after her adoption. Bob Condor is a two-time Pulitzer Prize-nominated journalist and the former Vice President of Yahoo! Sports. Condor and her family lived in Whidbey Island, Washington and New York City, before settling in Santa Monica, California when she was 15. Condor studied ballet as a child, training with the Joffrey Ballet, The Rock School for Dance Education, and the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater. She continued dancing with the Los Angeles Ballet, and also trained at The Groundlings in improvisational theatre. Condor took acting classes at the New York Film Academy and Yale Summer Conservatory for Actors, and in 2014, was a theatre scholar at the California State Summer School for the Arts. As a high school freshman, Condor was educated at the Professional Performing Arts School in New York City. In 2015, she graduated from Notre Dame Academy in Los Angeles. Condor has been accepted to Loyola Marymount University. Condor made her acting debut as the mutant Jubilation Lee / Jubilee in Bryan Singer's superhero film \"\", released on May 27, 2016. She next appeared in Peter Berg's drama film \"Patriots Day\", depicting the events and aftermath of the Boston Marathon bombing. The film premiered at AFI Fest and was theatrically released on December 21, 2016. The following year, she co-starred in the romantic thriller television film \"High School Lover\", alongside James Franco and Julia Jones, which premiered on Lifetime on February 4, 2017. Condor portrayed the lead role of Lara Jean Covey in Susan Johnson's romantic drama film \"To All the Boys I've Loved Before\", based on Jenny Han's young adult novel of the same name. The film was released by Netflix on August 17, 2018. She has been cast as Koyomi K. in Robert Rodriguez's science fiction film \"\", produced by James Cameron and based on the graphic novel series by Yukito Kishiro. The film is set for release on December 21, 2018. She is also set to co-star in the coming-of-age romantic comedy \"Summer Night\", alongside Analeigh Tipton and Justin Chatwin, directed by Joseph Cross and produced by James Ponsoldt. Condor has been cast as Saya Kuroki in Syfy's television series \"Deadly Class\", based on the Rick Remender graphic novel series of the same name, opposite Benedict Wong. She is also set to appear in the upcoming sci-fi thriller \"Warning\", opposite Laura Harrier, James D'Arcy and Alex Pettyfer. Lana Condor Lana Therese Condor (born May 11, 1997) is a Vietnamese-American actress and dancer. She made her debut as Jubilation Lee / Jubilee in the 2016 superhero film \"\" and had her first lead role as Lara Jean Covey in the 2018 film adaptation of \"To All the Boys I've Loved Before\". She is set to star as Koyomi K. in the science fiction film \"\" (2018), and will portray Saya Kuroki in the upcoming" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Edward Ruggles-Brise Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Edward Archibald Ruggles-Brise, 1st Baronet (19 September 1882 – 12 May 1942) was a British Conservative Party politician. He was magistrate and a Deputy Lieutenant for Essex from 1920. In 1939 he was appointed as a Vice Lieutenant of Essex. He served as Member of Parliament (MP) for the Maldon constituency in Essex from 1922 until his death in 1942, with a brief interruption from 1923-24 when he narrowly lost the seat to his Labour opponent Valentine Crittall. Ruggles-Brise was greatly interested in agricultural matters, serving on the Smallholdings Committee of Essex County Council and as Chairman of the Parliamentary Agricultural Committee. From 1927, he commanded the 104th Essex Yeomanry Field Brigade R.A. of the Territorial Army. Ruggles-Brise was a landowner and was the owner of Spains Hall in Finchingfield, Essex, which had been inherited by his father, Archibald Weyland Ruggles-Brise, on the death of his own father, the politician Samuel Ruggles-Brise. He married twice. Firstly to Agatha Gurney (1881–1937), daughter of John Henry Gurney Jr., a member of the Gurney family of Keswick Hall, Norfolk. Secondly to Lucy Barbara Pym MBE (1895–1979), daughter of Walter Ruthven Pym, Bishop of Bombay. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his son Colonel Sir John Archibald Ruggles-Brise, 2nd Baronet. In the 1935 Jubilee Honours List, he was made a Baronet, of Spains Hall, in Essex. Edward Ruggles-Brise Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Edward Archibald Ruggles-Brise, 1st Baronet (19 September 1882 – 12 May 1942) was a British Conservative Party politician. He was magistrate and a Deputy Lieutenant for Essex from 1920. In 1939 he was appointed as a Vice Lieutenant of Essex. He served as Member of Parliament (MP) for the Maldon constituency in Essex from 1922 until his death in 1942, with a brief interruption from 1923-24 when he narrowly" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Jasper, Georgia Jasper is a city in Pickens County, Georgia, United States. The population was 3,684 at the 2010 census. The city is the county seat of Pickens County. Jasper was founded in 1853 as seat of the newly formed Pickens County. It was incorporated in 1857 as a town and in 1957 as a city. The community is named for William Jasper, a hero of the American Revolutionary War. Jasper is located at (34.469127, -84.434039). Jasper is 50 miles north of Atlanta and 50 miles south of the Georgia/Tennessee/North Carolina tripoint. Routes 53 and 108 pass through Jasper, while Route 5 bypasses the city. Interstate 575, which ends shortly before reaching Jasper, is the main way to Atlanta. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were 2,167 people, 942 households, and 575 families residing in the city. The population density was 657.0 people per square mile (253.5/km²). There were 1,030 housing units at an average density of 312.3 per square mile (120.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 91.74% White, 4.38% African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.74% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 2.12% from other races, and 0.78% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.23% of the population. There were 942 households out of which 28.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.5% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.9% were non-families. 35.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 18.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.82. In the city, the population was spread out with 22.9% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 19.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 80.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.7 males. The median income for a household in the city was $31,944, and the median income for a family was $40,833. Males had a median income of $30,774 versus $25,489 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,184. About 9.2% of families and 15.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.1% of those under age 18 and 19.5% of those age 65 or over. Notable residents include judge James Larry Edmondson. The Pickens County School District holds pre-school to grade twelve, and consists of four elementary schools, two middle schools, and a high school. The district has 248 full-time teachers and roughly 4,400 students. Nicknamed \"The First Mountain City,\" Jasper is located 50 miles north of Atlanta, Georgia. The Tate House was built by local marble baron Sam Tate in the 1920s and now sits adjacent to Tate Elementary. Standing on an old Cherokee place of worship, the historic Woodbridge Inn is a restaurant and inn. Jasper is located near several large acreage mountain neighborhoods such as Big Canoe, Bent Tree, and the Preserve at Sharp Mountain. The Georgia Marble Festival is held on the first weekend in October every year. It is sponsored by the Pickens County Chamber of Commerce, and held at Lee Newton Park. The festivities start with the Marble Festival Road Race. There are booths with local vendors selling handmade crafts, among other things. Another highlight is the art show, with exhibits of carved marble, as well as paintings, photographs, and pottery. The Apple Festival is held the following two weekends in nearby Ellijay, Georgia (Gilmer County). Jasper, Georgia Jasper is a city in Pickens County, Georgia, United States. The population was 3,684 at the 2010 census. The city is the county seat of Pickens County. Jasper was founded in 1853 as seat of the newly formed Pickens County. It was incorporated in 1857 as a town and in 1957 as a city. The community is named for William Jasper, a hero of the American Revolutionary War. Jasper" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Marin Yonchev Marin Petkov Yonchev (Bulgarian: Марин Петков Йончев) (born January 28, 1988 in Plovdiv, Bulgaria) is the winner of the first Star Academy reality show in Bulgaria in 2005. Marin showed a particular interest in music in his earliest childhood. At the age of four Marin began playing the piano. At the same age he won a competition singing a song written by Freddie Mercury. From this age he also began to sing the songs of Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra and many Bulgarian singers. Marin had many performances in TV and live shows for talented children like \"The Little Big Stars\", \"Like The Lions\" and others. From then on he has received first place awards in many musical festivals and competitions. Since the age of eight (1996–2001) Marin was a singer and a soloist in \"The Plovdiv Boys' and Men's Choir\" and participated with it in different festivals and competitions all over Europe. In the period 1996-1998 he played roles in the A'PART theater in Plovdiv. Marin also had a role in a TV film, sponsored by the Queen of the United Kingdom and also performed the song of the film. In 2000 he and his sister Sonya Yoncheva became the winners of the year in a TV national music competition for young singers - \"Hit minus one\" with the duet song of Sarah Brightman and Andrea Bocelli - \"Time to Say Goodbye\". In 2004 Marin won the first prize for a young singer in a competition for French songs - \"Alians Fransese\" with the songs \"Oh,Marie\"-Johny Hollyday and \"Lanvie d'amer\"-Pascal Obispo. In 2005 Marin Yonchev became the Winner of Star Academy - Bulgaria. After it he took part in the big national tour of Star Academy. In March 2006 Marin was rewarded the first prize for a debut of BG Radio for his first song and clip - \"One Senseless Day\" ( \"Един Безсмислен Ден\" in Cyrillic) . For 11 weeks his clip is on the first places in the competition - \"The Big 10\" on the National Bulgarian Television. It is also on the top of radio and other TV musical charts. In 2007 Marin Yonchev graduated from the National School for Music and Arts in his hometown Plovdiv with basic subjects - operatic singing, contrabass(double bass) and piano. He can also play guitar and flute. In 2007 he was accepted as a student in classical singing at the Conservatoire de Musique de Genève. He is the younger brother of operatic soprano and Operalia winner Sonya Yoncheva. Marin Yonchev Marin Petkov Yonchev (Bulgarian: Марин Петков Йончев) (born January 28, 1988 in Plovdiv, Bulgaria) is the winner of the first Star Academy reality show in Bulgaria in 2005. Marin showed a particular interest in music in his earliest childhood. At the age of four Marin began playing the piano. At the same age he won a competition singing a song written by Freddie Mercury. From this age he also began to sing the songs of Elvis Presley, Frank" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "USS Brave (IX-78) USS \"Brave\" (IX-78), an unclassified miscellaneous vessel, was one of two ships of the United States Navy named for the quality of bravery. IX-78 served simultaneously with YP-425. IX-78 was acquired by the Navy 10 August 1942 as \"A. Maitland Adams\". She was placed in service 10 December 1942 and ordered to Key West, Florida, where she served as a training vessel for the Fleet Sound School throughout her career. She was placed in commission on 23 January 1943. The vessel was placed out of commission on 14 December 1944 at the Naval Operating Base, Key West. \"Brave\" was transferred to the Maritime Commission for disposal 19 September 1946. USS Brave (IX-78) USS \"Brave\" (IX-78), an unclassified miscellaneous vessel, was one of two ships of the United States Navy named for the quality of bravery. IX-78 served simultaneously with YP-425. IX-78 was acquired by the Navy 10 August 1942 as \"A. Maitland Adams\". She was placed in service 10 December 1942 and ordered to Key West, Florida, where she served as a training vessel for the Fleet Sound School throughout her career. She was placed in commission on 23 January 1943. The vessel was placed out of" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Kevin O'Brien (cricketer) Kevin Joseph O'Brien (born 4 March 1984) is an Irish cricketer who plays for Ireland, Leinster and Railway Union Cricket Club and has played for several English county cricket clubs. He holds the world record for the fastest century ever scored at a World Cup, coming from 50 balls against England on 2 March 2011. He was one of the eleven cricketers to play in Ireland's first ever Test match, against Pakistan, in May 2018, scoring the first Test century for Ireland men's cricket and becoming the first sportsperson from Ireland to represent his country 300 times. O'Brien is an aggressive right-handed middle to lower order batsman and a right-arm medium-fast bowler. He made his One Day International (ODI) debut in 2006 in Ireland's inaugural match. O'Brien played for Nottinghamshire in 2009, and in 2010 was awarded a contract with Cricket Ireland, making him one of six players with a full-time contract with the board. He has been Ireland's vice-captain since January 2012. He was the first player for Ireland to take 100 wickets in ODIs. In December 2018, he was one of nineteen players to be awarded a central contract by Cricket Ireland for the 2019 season. Kevin O'Brien was educated in Marian College, Ballsbridge. He has a degree in marketing and advertising. His brother Niall is also a member of the Irish team. Their father Brendan played 52 times for Ireland. His sister, Ciara, played for the Irish women's hockey team. Kevin O'Brien represented Ireland in the Under-19s World Cup of 2004 in which he made 241 runs to help his country reach the Plate Semi-Final before being defeated by Australia. The following year he played for the MCC Young Cricketers. In June 2006 he made his One Day International debut in Ireland's inaugural ODI game, against England in Belfast. Bowling first he took 1 for 47 off his 10 overs as England managed 301. His wicket came off his first delivery and was that of captain Andrew Strauss who was caught at square leg by Andre Botha. Batting at number 8, O'Brien made 35 from 48 balls but Ireland fell 38 runs short. Taking part in Ireland's disappointing World Cricket League campaign in Kenya, O'Brien was one of the success stories. In their second game of the tournament, against Bermuda, O'Brien took his career best figures of 2 for 38 by taking the wickets of middle order batsmen David Hemp and Lionel Cann. In the chase he made 54, his maiden ODI half century and helped his side win with 8 balls to spare. When Ireland made 284 batting first against Kenya in the following game it was O'Brien who made half of the runs. His innings of 142 was the highest ever by an Irish batsman and was made off 128 balls, containing 10 fours and 6 sixes. Ireland then took on Canada and O'Brien continued his good form with the bat by making his 3rd consecutive score of fifty plus with a composed 52. The final game of the tournament came against the Netherlands and despite failing with the bat he took 2 wickets. He finished as the second top scorer in the League with 263 runs at 52.80. The next tour for O'Brien was the 2007 World Cup in the Caribbean and it would be his biggest test yet as 6 of his 7 One Day International games prior had been against non Test playing nations. Their opening game against Zimbabwe finished in a tie when Zimbabwe collapsed in the dying stages. O'Brien came on to bowl in the 49th over with Zimbabwe requiring 9 runs from 12 balls and 3 wickets in hand. His first ball was a full toss but Zimbabwean captain Prosper Utseya hit it straight to Eoin Morgan at cover to give him his first World Cup wicket. Chris Mpofu was run out off O'Brien's final delivery and he finished the penultimate over with a wicket maiden. Ireland came up against Pakistan in the next game and they restricted the Test nation to just 132 with O'Brien taking the wicket of Shoaib Malik. O'Brien came in to bat with his side at 70/4 and he added 38 runs with his brother Niall. Ireland eventually won by 3 wickets and O'Brien finished unbeaten on 16 from 52 balls. His highest score of the tournament came in the Super Eight stage against New Zealand where he made 49, hitting 3 sixes. He missed out on his half century when he was run out by his brother. Arguably his best performance of the World Cup was his fast 48 runs scored against Bangladesh which helped secure a historic Irish victory. On 8 June 2009, O'Brien guided Ireland to victory over Bangladesh in the Twenty20 Cricket World Cup. O'Brien was one of seven Ireland players to be nominated for the 2009 Associate and Affiliate Player of the Year (there were fourteen nominees in all), although he did not make the shortlist. O'Brien was signed by Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club in 2009 on a trial basis. The previous season O'Brien had scored 93 against the club, impressing Mick Newell, Nottinghamshire's director of cricket. He joined the club after the end of Ireland were knocked out of the Friends Provident Trophy, a domestic competition in England. In his stint with the club, O'Brien played eight list A matches, scoring 79 runs at an average of 13.16 with a highest of 42, and taking one wicket for 72 runs; he also played five T20 matches for Nottinghamshire, scoring 31 runs and taking two wickets. During his time with Nottinghamshire, he also played as a professional for Plumtree Cricket Club in the Nottinghamshire Premier League. Cricket Ireland, the governing body for cricket in Ireland, awarded O'Brien a full-time \"category A\" contract in January 2010. He was one of six players to be awarded such contracts with Cricket Ireland (four players received category B contracts and five category C), and came just a year after the first professional contracts were awarded to Ireland's cricketers. Before that players were amateurs relying on income from other jobs and playing cricket in their spare time. The contract allowed O'Brien and the others to focus on cricket, with the aim of improving ahead of the 2011 World Cup. In Ireland's first match at the Sri Lanka Associates T20 Series against Afghanistan, O'Brien performed poorly overall. With the bat he managed only 1 run from 2 balls before having to depart. His bowling figures ended at 0–34, but Ireland managed to seal the win by 5 wickets. In their second match against Canada, O'Brien finished with 0–38 in the Canadian innings, and 5 off 2 balls with the bat as Ireland narrowly lost by 4 runs. In the third and final game (against Sri Lanka A), O'Brien ended the tournament wicketless after 0–15 off two overs. He managed 11 off ten balls as Ireland put in a spirited performance but lost by 5 wickets. In 2010, O'Brien was again nominated for the Associate and Affiliate Player of the Year Award, this time alongside two other Ireland players (there were 16 nominees in all); the award was given to Netherlands Ryan ten Doeschate. O'Brien was selected in Ireland's 15-man squad for the 2011 World Cup hosted by Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka. On 2 March O'Brien hit the fastest century in World Cup history, off just 50 balls against England helping his team to successfully chase down a target of 328 when at one stage they were struggling at 111/5. In that World Cup match against England he along with Alex Cusack set the highest ever 6th wicket partnership in World Cup history (162). Ireland won two of their matches, but failed to progress beyond the first round, finishing six out of seven in their group. With 198 runs at an average of 39.60, O'Brien finished as Ireland's second highest run-scorer in the tournament. On 23 May 2013, at Clontarf Cricket Club Ground, Dublin, he scored an unbeaten 84 in 47 balls against Pakistan which helped the Ireland to tie the match. Ireland required 15 runs in the last over to win the match, O'Brien hit last ball of Saeed Ajmal to boundary to pull out a thrilling 'tie' for the Irish team. O'Brien's performance at the World Cup attracted the attention of Gloucestershire County Cricket Club and he secured a", "World Cup match against England he along with Alex Cusack set the highest ever 6th wicket partnership in World Cup history (162). Ireland won two of their matches, but failed to progress beyond the first round, finishing six out of seven in their group. With 198 runs at an average of 39.60, O'Brien finished as Ireland's second highest run-scorer in the tournament. On 23 May 2013, at Clontarf Cricket Club Ground, Dublin, he scored an unbeaten 84 in 47 balls against Pakistan which helped the Ireland to tie the match. Ireland required 15 runs in the last over to win the match, O'Brien hit last ball of Saeed Ajmal to boundary to pull out a thrilling 'tie' for the Irish team. O'Brien's performance at the World Cup attracted the attention of Gloucestershire County Cricket Club and he secured a contract with the club for 2011. John Bracewell, Gloucestershire's coach, viewed O'Brien as primarily a one-day player and believed his style of batting was best suited to situations where the team needed to increase their run-rate. He made his debut for Gloucestershire on 15 May, scoring three runs from four balls in a CB40 match against Glamorgan. In June he scored his first century in twenty20 cricket, beating his previous highest score of 39. His innings of 119 runs against Middlesex came from 52 deliveries and helped lift Gloucestershire to the highest total in the history of domestic T20 cricket. O'Brien shared an opening stand of 192 with Hamish Marshall, who also scored a century, and the pair set a record partnership for any wicket in the format.(But this record was broken in just a few years) When O'Brien was finally dismissed, he received a standing ovation.Both Kevin O'Brien and Hamish Marshall became the first pair of batsmen to score centuries in a single T20. O'Brien also signed a contract to play in the first season of the Sri Lankan Premier League, which was scheduled to take place in late July and early August, however the competition was postponed until 2012, allowing O'Brien to spend more time at Gloucestershire. His stint with Gloucestershire also clashed with some of Ireland's international matches. Scotland hosted Ireland and Sri Lanka in July for a tri-series; Ireland's match against Sri Lanka was rained off and in the Scotland match O'Brien was dismissed off his first ball. After the internationals O'Brien returned to Gloucestershire, and again helped his team to victory over Middlesex, this time scoring 58 not out from 35 balls. Gloucestershire finished the Friend's Life t20 competition with four wins from sixteen matches, leaving them 8th out of nine teams in their group. O'Brien – who scored 365 runs from 14 matches, making him the club's second-highest run-scorer in the competition, just two runs behind Marshall – felt he had been consistent with the bat for Gloucestershire, but that his bowling had been underused. Such was O'Brien's effect on the team was that, along with batsman Paul Stirling, he was one of two Ireland players shortlisted for Associate and Affiliate Player of the Year at the 2011 ICC Awards. Although a full-strength team played against England in an ODI in August, county commitments meant many of Ireland's senior players were unavailable to play in the team's opening match of the 2011–13 Intercontinental Cup. With regular captain William Porterfield playing for Warwickshire and Trent Johnston who often stood in injured, O'Brien was chosen to lead Ireland against Namibia. He had led Ireland in one-day matches before, but this was the first time he had captained in first-class cricket. In October Ireland sent a seven-man squad captained by O'Brien to participate in the Hong Kong Sixes. At the start of 2012 O'Brien was made Ireland's vice captain, taking over the role from Trent Johnston. Soon after, Cricket Ireland increased the number of players with contracts from 15 to 23; O'Brien was one of four players to be given a category A contract. In February 2012 Ireland toured Kenya for an Intercontinental Cup match followed by two ODIs and two T20Is. During the tour O'Brien was fined 20% of his match fee for \"using offensive language when leaving the field after being bowled\". Kevin O'Brien has signed for Gloucestershire County Club to play a single season in 2016 in all First-class, List A, and T20 and he is a List A specialist. In May 2018, he was named in a fourteen-man squad for Ireland's first ever Test match, which was played against Pakistan later the same month. He made his Test debut for Ireland, against Pakistan, on 11 May 2018, becoming the first sportsperson from Ireland to appear in 300 matches for his country. He was the top scorer for Ireland in the first innings, with 40 runs. In the second innings of the match, he scored Ireland's first ever Test fifty, and then first ever Test century. Despite Ireland losing the Test by five wickets, O'Brien won the man of the match award for his batting performance. O'Brien is a strong batsman, with the ability to clear the ropes. In his record-breaking century against England in the 2011 World Cup he hit the longest six of the tournament. His brother Niall stated that \"in the field he was grumpy, he was moping around ... when he's like that, he tends to kinda take the bull by the horns\". In March 2011 Ireland's coach, Phil Simmons, remarked of O'Brien that \"There's a lot more thought to his batting and he has worked on different things like batting against spin. He doesn't have the facilities of a county but he is working hard on his game at home.\" Kevin O'Brien (cricketer) Kevin Joseph O'Brien (born 4 March 1984) is an Irish cricketer who plays for Ireland, Leinster and Railway Union Cricket Club and has played for several English county cricket clubs. He holds the world record for the fastest century ever scored at a World Cup, coming from 50 balls against England on 2 March 2011. He was one of the eleven cricketers to play in Ireland's first ever Test match, against Pakistan, in May 2018, scoring the first Test century for Ireland men's cricket and becoming the first sportsperson from Ireland to represent his country 300 times." ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Take My Love (Frank Sinatra song) \"Take My Love\" is a 1950 pop song co-written and recorded by Frank Sinatra. The song was released as a Columbia Records A side single. \"Take My Love\" was composed by Frank Sinatra, Jack Wolf, and Joel Herron in 1950. The melody is based on a motif from the 3rd Symphony in F Major by Johannes Brahms. Frank Sinatra released the song as an A side Columbia single in 1951 backed with \"Come Back to Sorrento\". Frank Sinatra co-wrote the lyrics to \"Take My Love\". He also co-wrote \"I'm a Fool to Want You\" with Jack Wolf and Joel Herron in 1951. The song was arranged by Axel Stordahl. The song was released as a Columbia A side single as Catalog Number 39118, Master Number CO-44634-1, in three formats, as a 10\" 78, 39118, as a 7\" 33, 3-39118, and as a 7\" 45, 4-39118. The single did not chart. The song was recorded in November, 1950. Frank SInatra also performed the song on his television series. \"Take My Love\" appeared on the 1957 Frank Sinatra compilation album \"Adventures of the Heart\" on Columbia Records as CL 953. The song appeared on the 1993 Columbia compilation collection \"Frank Sinatra: \", the 2001 Columbia/Legacy album 1993 \"Frank Sinatra: Love Songs\", and the 2004 album \"Frank Sinatra: Romantic Sinatra\" on the Blue Moon label. The song was recorded on November 11, 1950 in New York. The personnel on the session were: Frank Sinatra (ldr), Axel Stordahl (con), Arthur Drelinger, Harold Feldman, Manny Gershman, Bernard Kaufman, Herman Schertzer (sax), Lee Castle, Dale McMickle, Johnny Owens (t), George Arus, Bill Rank, William Rausch (tb), John Barrows (frh), Matty Golizio (g), Frank Carroll (b), Elaine Vito Ricci (hrp), Johnny Blowers (d), Julius Brand, Julius Held, Maurice Hershaft, Harry Katzman, Milton Lomask, Raoul Polikian (vn), Solomon Deutsch, Isadore Zirr (vl), George Polikian (vc), Frank Sinatra (v). Take My Love (Frank Sinatra song) \"Take My Love\" is a 1950 pop song co-written and recorded by Frank Sinatra. The song was released as a Columbia Records A side single. \"Take My Love\" was composed by Frank Sinatra, Jack Wolf, and Joel Herron in 1950. The melody is based on a motif from the 3rd Symphony in F Major by Johannes Brahms. Frank Sinatra released the song as an A side Columbia single in 1951 backed with \"Come Back to Sorrento\". Frank Sinatra" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Südliche Weinstraße Wildlife Park The Südliche Weinstraße Wildlife Park () is located in the Wasgau, a region on the Franco-German border that forms the southern part of the Palatine Forest and the northern part of the Vosges, near the village of Silz in the south of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. The park is not named after the German Wine Route which passes about 6 kilometres away, but after the county of \"Südliche Weinstraße\" (literally \"Southern Wine Road\"). The tourist attraction receives about 100,000 visitors annually. The park, which is part of the Franco-German Palatine Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve, is located in the Klingbach valley and is surrounded by hills. It lies between 200 and 350 metres above sea level and has an area of about 100 hectares. The French border is 12 kilometres away to the south. The park was based on a planning study by the president of the wildlife enclosure section of the International Hunting Association, Heinrich Prinz Reuß. The planning laid particular value on family-oriented amenities and only used land that would otherwise have been abandoned. The then Mayor of Silz, Franz Andelfinger, became involved as the \"Oberamtsrat\" at the Südliche Weinstraße county council aiming to unite professional expertise and municipal requirements and to locate the wildlife and walking park in the parish of Silz. The park was officially handed on 18 April 1975 by the then Minister for Transport and the Economy for Rhineland-Palatinate, Heinrich Holkenbrink. 15 different species of larger animal live here, totally about 400 individuals. Some of them can be seen in the open. Mammals include European bison, red and fallow deer, mouflon, wild boar, wolf, red fox, Arctic fox and ferrets. In the aviaries are Snowy owls and Eagle owls; in addition, there are two duck ponds. As well as a restaurant, kiosk und barbecue hut there is an observation tower, a petting zoo, a children's play park and an adventure play area. The \"short circular path\" (\"kleine Rundweg\") takes about an hour, the \"long\" walk about two hours. There are no significant steep sections. Branching paths are sometimes steeper and not suitable for wheelchairs, prams or pushchairs. Südliche Weinstraße Wildlife Park The Südliche Weinstraße Wildlife Park () is located in the Wasgau, a region on the Franco-German border that forms the southern part of the Palatine Forest and the northern part of the Vosges, near the village of Silz in the" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "La Manchica La Manchica is both a village and an area in the autonomous region of Murcia, in southern Spain. The village is situated 5 km south of the town and municipality of Fuente Álamo de Murcia and was established during the Transhumance of shepherds and goat herders from the La Mancha region of Spain. (La Manchica being the diminutive of La Mancha). The village is located 25 minutes from Cartagena and 35 minutes from San Javier International Airport. La Plaza Santa Rosa is at the centre of the village. The village consists of 17 houses, of which 6 are inhabited throughout the year. The remaining houses are used as weekend or holiday homes by their Spanish owners. Of the 6 inhabited houses 4 are owned by English and the remaining 2 by Spanish. In July 2007 two apartments were constructed in the village. In the village there are no shops, the nearest being in either Las Palas or Fuente Alamo de Murcia both approximately 5 km distance. There are 35 inhabitants. 24 are English and only 11 are Spanish. La Manchica La Manchica is both a village and an area in the autonomous region of Murcia, in southern Spain." ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "McGuffey, Ohio McGuffey is a village in Hardin County, Ohio, United States. The population was 501 at the 2010 census. McGuffey was laid out in 1890, and named for John McGuffey. John McGuffey had donated land for a railroad depot in exchange for the naming rights. A post office called McGuffey has been in operation since 1883. The village was incorporated in 1896. McGuffey is located at (40.693352, -83.785881). According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all land. As of the census of 2010, there were 501 people, 192 households, and 131 families residing in the village. The population density was . There were 229 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the village was 96.6% White, 0.6% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.4% Asian, and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.2% of the population. There were 192 households of which 40.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.1% were married couples living together, 19.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 31.8% were non-families. 28.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.07. The median age in the village was 35.6 years. 26.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.6% were from 25 to 44; 24% were from 45 to 64; and 14% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 46.1% male and 53.9% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 522 people, 207 households, and 138 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,426.6 people per square mile (544.7/km²). There were 235 housing units at an average density of 642.3 per square mile (245.2/km²). The racial makeup of the village was 97.70% White, 1.34% Native American, 0.19% Asian, 0.19% from other races, and 0.57% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.77% of the population. There were 207 households out of which 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.9% were married couples living together, 15.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.9% were non-families. 27.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 2.98. In the village, the population was spread out with 28.4% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 27.2% from 25 to 44, 20.1% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 96.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.8 males. The median income for a household in the village was $22,024, and the median income for a family was $25,313. Males had a median income of $26,875 versus $22,000 for females. The per capita income for the village was $10,626. About 12.3% of families and 19.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.0% of those under age 18 and 7.6% of those age 65 or over. McGuffey, Ohio McGuffey is a village in Hardin County, Ohio, United States. The population was" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Landzeal Group Ltd v Kyne Landzeal Group Ltd v Kyne [1990] 3 NZLR 574 is a cited case in New Zealand regarding the enforceability of employment restraint of trade contracts as well as the plea of non est factum. Landzeal was a business that did vehicle graphics, and employed Simon Kyne and Gary Moynan. Kyne and Moynan later left Landzeal, and Landzeal filed for restraint of trade injunctions against both of them. Kyne filed to have the interim injunction to be rescinded on the grounds that the restraint of trade clause that Landzeal produced to the court as evidence to support an injunction, Kyne claimed was not part of the original contract he signed. It turned out that Kyne was first given the original contract to sign, it was missing the page regarding the pay rates. Landzeal, then provided a new copy of the contract with the pay schedule, which Kyne then signed. However, this version of the contract also had added a restraint of trade clause. Kyne pleaded that as this clause was secretly included in the revised second copy of the contract, that it was not legally enforceable under non est factum. In Moynans case, whom had a restraint of trade clause in his contract, instead claimed the restraint of trade of 12 months was unreasonable. The High Court ruled that Kyne's plea of non est factum was successful, making restraint of trade unenforceable. Moynan however was not so lucky, with the court ruling a restraint of trade enforceable, although the time period was reduced to only 6 months. Footnote: This case was subsequently followed in Chiswick Investments v Pevats [1990] 1 NZLR 169 Landzeal Group Ltd v Kyne Landzeal Group Ltd v Kyne [1990] 3 NZLR 574 is a cited case in New Zealand regarding the enforceability" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Terazosin Terazosin (marketed as Hytrin or Zayasel) is a selective alpha-1 antagonist used for treatment of symptoms of an enlarged prostate (BPH). It also acts to lower the blood pressure, and is therefore a drug of choice for men with hypertension and prostate enlargement. It is available in 1 mg, 2 mg, 5 mg or 10 mg doses. It works by blocking the action of adrenaline on smooth muscle of the bladder and the blood vessel walls. Most common side effects include dizziness, drowsiness, headache, constipation, loss of appetite, fatigue, nasal congestion or dry eyes, but they generally go away after only a few days of use. Therapy should always be started with a low dose to avoid first dose phenomenon. Sexual side effects are rare, but may include priapism or erectile dysfunction. Reaction of piperazine with 2-furoyl chloride followed by catalytic hydrogenation of the furan ring leads to 2. This, when heated in the presence of 2-chloro-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-4-amine (1) undergoes direct alkylation to terazosin (3). Terazosin Terazosin (marketed as Hytrin or Zayasel) is a selective alpha-1 antagonist used for treatment of symptoms of an enlarged prostate (BPH). It also acts to lower the blood pressure, and is therefore a drug" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Mario Praz Mario Praz KBE (; September 6, 1896, Rome – March 23, 1982, Rome) was an Italian-born critic of art and literature, and a scholar of English literature. His best-known book, \"The Romantic Agony\" (1933), was a comprehensive survey of the erotic and morbid themes that characterized European authors of the late 18th and 19th centuries. See \"Femme fatale\" for a reference of one of his chapters. The book was written and published first in Italian as \"\" in 1930 [see Wikipedia page on Mario Praz in Italian], and the most recent edition was published in Firenze: Sansoni, 1996. Praz was the son of Luciano Praz (died 1900), a bank clerk, and his wife, the former Giulia Testa di Marsciano (died 1931), daughter of Count Alcibiade Testa di Marsciano. His stepfather was Carlo Targioni (died 1954), a doctor, whom his mother married in 1912. He studied at the University of Bologna (1914–15), received a law degree from the University of Rome (1918), and received a doctorate in literature from the University of Florence (1920). Praz married, on 17 March 1934 (separated 1942, divorced 1947), Vivyan Leonora Eyles (1909–1984), an English-literature lecturer at the University of Liverpool whom Praz met during his time there as a special lecturer in Italian studies. She was a daughter of the English novelist and feminist writer Margaret Leonora Eyles (1889–1960), who addressed to her in 1941 an autobiographical work entitled \"For My Enemy Daughter\". She married in 1948, as her second husband, art historian Wolfgang Fritz Volbach. Praz and Eyles had one child, a daughter, Lucia Praz (born 1938). Praz's only other known romantic attachment was to an Anglo-Italian woman named Perla Cacciguerra, whom he met in 1953 and called \"Diamante\" in the book \"The House of Life\". Mario Praz' residence in Palazzo Primoli in Rome has been turned into the Museo Mario Praz. Mario Praz was a well-respected Italian-born art critic and scholar of the English language. He taught Italian Studies at the Victoria University of Manchester between 1932 and 1934. He then went on to teach English Literature at the University of Rome from 1934, until he retired in 1966. In 1962, Praz was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II and became a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire KBE. Though Mario Praz is perhaps best known for his writings in the English literary field, he has made strong contributions to the concepts, writings and perception of both interior design and interior decoration. The concepts that were presented in his \"\"The Romantic Agony\"\" have been shaped into his design and art criticism. This writing style has been successfully administered in Praz’s two most noteworthy design books, \"\"The House of Life\"\" and \"\"An Illustrated history in Interior Design\"\". These works highlight his theories of the interiority of a space, and reveal his concepts to how a person inhabits the interior and how they shape it to make it their own. His ground-breaking work \"\"Studies in seventeenth-century imagery\"\", first published in 1939 and reissued many times since, is one of the first attempts to produce a systematic catalogue and analysis of the early modern allegorical genres of the emblem and the personal device. Mario Praz has had a profound impact not only on writings about interior design and decoration but also on the history, and the development, of design. The work, \"An Illustrated History of Interior Decoration from Pompeii to Art Nouveau\" has allowed the creation of a photographic album to be made, \"Praz’s rediscovery of this minor but fascinating art . . . was a revelation, and the historic no less than aesthetic importance of the subject is now recognised by a group of informed collectors\". His work \"provides a selection of visual representations of domesticity from ancient Greece through to the Art Nouveau, and a commentary upon them.\" The images show the interior decor and design of Greek, Roman, Medieval, Renaissance and Victorian Homes in Europe between the period of 1770 and 1860. The sketches, paintings, and watercolour representations capture the spatial qualities and features of the interiority and decoration of the overall space. The images record accuracy to the shape of the room, from the carpet, to the furniture, pictures, fabrics, wall colour, the hang of curtains and the placement of light. Mario Praz’s work has documented all these interior characteristics that would have shaped the space for the inhabiters in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. This work has had a strong contribution to the impact of not only researching the interiority of a space, but provided a new groundwork into recording a history of an interior. Further, Praz has made an influential impact on the way interior design has been studied and documented since the mid twentieth century. He helped foster the change in the growth of historical design studies and research. His work, \"An Illustrated History of Interior Decoration\", \"merges a traditional art-historical approach with philosophical musings about the role of interior assemblage\". Praz was one of the first critics to look into the links between the contexts of art history, and link it to the interior workings of a space. He was one of the first designers to note that furnishings were a representation of the individual. This is shown in this writing as he states \"furnishings are tangible artefacts of social history\". The concept about the need of furnishing is addressed in the initial states of this publication. Praz sees the house and its interiority as \"a continuum, which is always in need of furnishing\". Through the grounding of this concept \"Praz takes the idea of the inhabiting subject, and the interior and its decoration, as pre-given concepts for the construction of this history, not ones that have emerged out of particular historical conditions\", thus meaning that the furniture, the home and the interior all act as a \"representational evocation\" of the individual that resides in the home, reflecting the \"character or the personality of the occupant\". Ultimately, Praz challenges the concept of interior design and decoration, highlighting how the individual completely influences how the layout and decoration of their house will be presented. The concept that the interior is a personal reflection of the individual is personally manifested in his spatial autobiography \"The House of Life\". The concepts and documentation style that was presented in \"An Illustrated History of Interior Decoration\" have been continued and challenged through later design writings by other critics and historians. \"The House of Life\" is the easiest way to understand the concept of the interior representing the individual. Praz’s work allows audiences to delve into the personal interior scope of Mario Praz’s apartment by providing a \"room by room description, of (the) flat in Rome in which (Praz) lived for thirty years\". The thorough recount of the interiority of this space \"shows the apartment (in a manner of a television program), providing autobiographical accounts of associations with furnishings\". This autobiographical recount chronicles architecture and orchestrates the interior, giving the reader a full account of his home and \"offering us the chance to follow the true routes of privacy, and to recreate the Professor’s universe, reduced to the dimensions of the human eye.\" His writing provides an insight into firstly how he accesses the space in which he lives, and how he inhabits that space. \"The House of Life\" basically mimics the writing style of \"An Illustrated History\". This detailed recount and writing style has been mimicked in future design writing, in order to document every aspect of the interiority of a space. The concept of horror vacui in art is associated with Praz who used the term to refer to cluttered visual interior design.\" The initial findings that are presented through \"An Illustrated History of Interior Decoration\" have made", "the interior, giving the reader a full account of his home and \"offering us the chance to follow the true routes of privacy, and to recreate the Professor’s universe, reduced to the dimensions of the human eye.\" His writing provides an insight into firstly how he accesses the space in which he lives, and how he inhabits that space. \"The House of Life\" basically mimics the writing style of \"An Illustrated History\". This detailed recount and writing style has been mimicked in future design writing, in order to document every aspect of the interiority of a space. The concept of horror vacui in art is associated with Praz who used the term to refer to cluttered visual interior design.\" The initial findings that are presented through \"An Illustrated History of Interior Decoration\" have made influential impacts on the writings in George Savage’s \"A concise history of Interior Design\". The concepts of linking the interior to social history are basically echoed in Savage’s work. This early influence of Praz’s writing in the mid 60’s continued throughout the remainder of the twentieth century. The concepts that were addressed in Praz’s work \"An Illustrated History of Interior Decoration\" highlight the context of the interior designer, as a profession, in twenty-first century societies. The work of the interior designer needs to be able to mimic individual needs and wants, so the person can correctly be represented in the interiority of their home. This concept was initially introduced and highlighted by Praz, and this statement allows an insight into how the workings of the interior are conducted. The varying opinions on Praz’s design work can be seen in the writings of Cyril Connolly and Edmund Wilson. While Wilson praises Praz’s work as a \"masterpiece,\" Connolly calls \"The House of Life\" \"one of the most boring books I have ever read…it's unbelievably exhausting…it has a bravura of boredom, an audacity of ennui that makes one hardly believe one's eyes.\" In the \"Life and Letters of Sir Edmund Gosse\", Gosse writes in a letter dated 17 November 1923: \"Mario Praz is an interesting young professor, a great Swinburnian.\" In the \"Italian Pageant\", Derek Patmore states: \"Dr. Mario Praz, so long a staunch friend of England.\" Charles Du Bos writes in his diary in 1923: \"I dined with Abraham and Mario Praz. He is a great friend of Vernon Lee.\" Marie-Anne Comnène, the widow of Benjamin Crémieux, writes in Hommes et Mondes of December 1949: \"There were authoritative critics: Marco Pron, Franci, Rossi, count Morra and Mademoiselle Bellonci, great animators of the Pen Club.\" Marco Pron is actually Mario Praz, misspelled. Charles Jackson says in \"The Outer Edges\": \"Mario Praz and Bertold Brecht make the best reading in the world for a sexual criminal.\" Around 1950, Kadar Jennö translated \"Neoclassic Taste\" into Hungarian; he asserts that comrade Praz is a harsh enemy of capitalism. Mario Praz Mario Praz KBE (; September 6, 1896, Rome – March 23, 1982, Rome) was an Italian-born critic of art and literature, and a scholar of English literature. His best-known book, \"The Romantic Agony\" (1933), was a comprehensive survey of the erotic and morbid themes that characterized European authors of the late 18th and 19th centuries. See \"Femme fatale\" for a reference of one of his chapters." ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "And Another Thing... (album) And Another Thing... is an album by 10cc bass player Graham Gouldman. Released in 2000, the album is a mix of new songs and tracks from earlier stages of Gouldman's musical career. The title is a reference to his first solo album, released in 1968: \"The Graham Gouldman Thing\". The album featured long-time Gouldman collaborator Andrew Gold on six tracks and former 10cc guitarist Rick Fenn on two tracks. Former Squeeze singer-songwriter Chris Difford also assisted, along with Madness singer Graham McPherson (aka Suggs). One song, \"Walking With Angels\", was co-written with Nashville session guitarist and writer Gordon Kennedy, responsible for Eric Clapton's \"Change the World\", while \"Dancing Days' was co-written with former Nashville Songwriter of the Year Gary Burr. In album liner notes, Gouldman commented about his inclusion of \"Heart Full of Soul\", a major hit for the Yardbirds in 1965: \"Besides Chris Isaak's excellent version, I have not heard that many recordings of this, one of my earliest songs.\" On \"You Stole My Love\": \"First recorded by The Mockingbirds circa 1966 and released on the Immediate label. The band was myself, Bernard Basso, Stephen Jacobson and one Kevin Godley ... I have always loved the song but was unhappy with the middle section of it, so I decided to lift the chorus of another of my songs, 'Schoolgirl' and use it in 'You Stole My Love'.\" On \"Walkin' Away\": \"One of three songs written with Gary Barlow\" (former Take That front man). It reminds me of the first record I ever bought, 'Cathy's Clown' by the Everly Brothers. Gary recorded another song, 'Stronger', that we wrote on the same session that was to be a single for him.\" On \"Ready To Go Home\", a song included on the 1995 10cc album \"Mirror Mirror\": \"This was written not long after my dad died and it reflects my feelings at the time. I suppose I was trying to put a positive slant on his passing, remembering all the things we had done together and his artistic legacy to me. The last verse of the song best reflects my feelings on this. This song has been recorded by many artists and remains one of my favourites. Very emotional.\" On the unlisted bonus track, Gouldman plays a simple guitar accompaniment as he sings a light-hearted post-script to his 23-year career in 10cc, presumably repeating the questions most asked since the band's 1995 breakup: And Another Thing... (album) And Another Thing... is an album by 10cc bass player Graham Gouldman. Released in 2000, the album is a mix of new songs and tracks from earlier stages of Gouldman's musical career. The title is a reference to his first solo album, released in 1968: \"The Graham Gouldman Thing\". The album featured long-time Gouldman collaborator Andrew Gold on six tracks and former 10cc guitarist Rick Fenn on two tracks. Former Squeeze singer-songwriter Chris Difford also assisted, along with Madness singer Graham McPherson (aka Suggs). One song, \"Walking With Angels\", was co-written" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Ambovombe Afovoany Ambovombe Afovoany is a town and commune in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Manandriana, which is a part of Amoron'i Mania Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 18,000 in 2001 commune census. In addition to primary schooling the town offers secondary education at both junior and senior levels. The town provides access to hospital services to its citizens. Farming and raising livestock provides employment for 48.5% and 48.5% of the working population. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are peanuts, beans and barley. Services provide employment for 3% of the population. Ambovombe Afovoany Ambovombe Afovoany is a town and commune in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Manandriana, which is a part of Amoron'i Mania Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 18,000 in 2001 commune census. In addition to primary schooling the town offers secondary education at both junior and senior levels. The town provides access to hospital services to its citizens. Farming and raising livestock provides employment for 48.5% and 48.5% of the working population. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are peanuts, beans and barley." ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Bermuda Flying School The Bermuda Flying School operated on Darrell's Island from 1940 to 1942. It trained Bermudian volunteers as pilots for the Royal Air Force and the Fleet Air Arm. During the First World War, roughly twenty Bermudians had entered the Royal Flying Corps and its successor, the Royal Air Force (RAF), as aviators and many others as groundcrew. Other than aircraft on visiting ships, there were no aircraft based in Bermuda 'til after the war, when returning military aviators, Majors Hal Kitchener (son of the late governor, Lieutenant-General Sir Frederick Walter Kitchener, and nephew of Field Marshal Earl Kitchener) and Hemming, created a small company offering local flights in sea planes operating from Hinson's Island. In 1936, Imperial Airways built an air station on Darrell's Island. This operated as a staging point on scheduled trans-Atlantic flights by flying boats of Imperial Airways and Pan American. At the time, no land planes could operate from Bermuda, there being no airfields. With the start of the Second World War, the RAF in Bermuda took over Darrell's Island for use by RAF Transport Command and RAF Ferry Command. Although the Royal Navy had a dockyard in Bermuda (which included an air station, RNAS Boaz Island (HMS Malabar) for flying boats), and Canadian and American naval and airbases would be established during the war, the only local units were the part-time army units, the Bermuda Militia Artillery (BMA), Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps (BVRC), Bermuda Volunteer Engineers (BVE), the Bermuda Militia Infantry (BMI), and Home Guard. These, along with a regular army detachment of infantry at Prospect Camp, formed the Bermuda Garrison, tasked with defending the various facilities of importance to the war effort. Although a contingent from the BVRC, with attachments from the other units, was sent to join the Lincolnshire Regiment in England in 1940, no further drafts were allowed to be sent for fear of weakening the defences. By 1943, this was no longer a concern and the moratorium was lifted. It was decided to create a flying school on Darrell's Island to train local pilots for the Air Ministry in Britain, which would assign them to the RAF or the Fleet Air Arm. The school was in operation by the summer of 1940. It operated a pair of Luscombe sea planes, paid for by an American resident of Bermuda, Mr Bertram Work, and a Canadian, Mr Duncan MacMartin. The school was under the command of Major Cecil Montgomery-Moore, DFC, who had served as a fighter pilot during the First World War. Between the wars, he had returned to Bermuda and became the Commanding Officer of the BVE, a position he would maintain throughout the Second World War. The chief flying instructor was an American, Captain Ed Stafford. The first class, of eighteen students, was in training by May 1940. On 4 June, Fenton Trimmingham became the first student to solo. Ten Bermudian companies agreed in June 1940, to defray the expenses of ten of the students. Those companies were the Bank of Bermuda, the Bank of N.T. Butterfield, Trimmingham Bros., H.A. & E. Smith, Gosling Bros., Pearman Watlington & Company, the Bermuda Electric Light Company (BELCO), Bermuda Fire & Marine Insurance Company, the Bermuda Telephone Company (TELCO), and Edmund Gibbons. The BFS only accepted applicants who were already serving in one of the part-time units, which had been mobilised for the duration of the war. Successful students were released from their units and allowed to proceed overseas. With the moratorium against sending drafts overseas, this meant local soldiers came to see the BFS as the easiest way of reaching sharper ends of the war. Although the local units were allowed to send drafts overseas in 1943, the preceding state of affairs meant that a disproportionately high number of aviators appears on the list of Bermuda's war dead (ten out of thirty-five). In fact, the first Bermudian killed in the war was Flying Officer Grant Ede, DFC, a fighter pilot killed in the Battle of Norway in 1940 (although Ede had joined the RAF in England before the war). By 1942, the Air Ministry had a glut of trained pilots. This had resulted from the fear created by the Blitz, and the Battle of Britain, when the RAF had assumed pre-eminence in Britain's defence against a feared Axis invasion. Desperate for pilots, too many had been allowed to train, or had been placed on backlists to await slots for induction and training. This would continue to be a problem as late as 1944, when the British Army was forced to disband a division after Operation Overlord due to a shortage of manpower. At the same time, the Air Ministry had the equivalent of a division of civilians waiting aircrew training slots, and already had more aircrew than it had aircraft available for them to man. This would lead to pilots being transferred to the Army's Glider Pilot Regiment, and to the lists of civilians reserved for aircrew training being cleared of men who were then able to be conscripted by the Army. In Bermuda, the excess of pilots meant that the BFS was advised in 1942 that no further pilots were required. By then, eighty pilots had been sent to the RAF and Fleet Air Arm. THE BFS was included in the Empire Air Training Scheme. Its graduates included eight Americans, who had volunteered for the RAF in the USA, and had then been sent to the BFS for training. Although the school was closed, Bertram Work and Major Montgomery-Moore oversaw the conversion of its administration into a recruiting arm, the Bermuda Flying Committee, for the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), sending sixty aircrew candidates to that service before the War's end. Sixteen Bermudian women were also sent to the RCAF to perform roles including Air Traffic Controller. Flying instructor Captain Stafford moved to RAF Transport Command, and was later shot down, becoming a prisoner-of-war in Germany. He was piloting a Catalina on a flight from Darrell's Island to Large's in Scotland, on 7 April 1943. Nearing Britain, the crew were advised by radio to divert to RAF Mountbatten, near Plymouth, due to bad weather. Evidently due to a navigational error, they found themselves over occupied France and were shot down near Landéda, Brittany, by anti-aircraft artillery and two Luftwaffe fighters. The first officer was killed outright, and the navigator wounded. Stafford succeeded in landing the aeroplane two miles offshore, still under fire. Three, including Stafford, were pulled from the water by French fisherman. The bodies of two other crewmen washed up two days later, and the third three weeks later. As a POW, Captain Stafford headed a team of Allied orderlies in a wing of the Hohemark hospital, in Hesse, which was dedicated to the care of Prisoners of War from the Dulag Luft POW Camp in Oberusel (which was to become Camp King of the United States Army after the war). The two Luscombe aircraft remained at Darrell's Island, being used by the RAF as station hacks. After the war they were used by the short-lived Bermuda Flying Club, created by returning pilots. Military of Bermuda Bermuda Flying School The Bermuda Flying School operated on Darrell's Island from" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "La Quiaca La Quiaca is a small city in the north of the , on the southern bank of the La Quiaca River, opposite the town of Villazón, Bolivia. It lies at the end of National Route 9, from San Salvador de Jujuy (the provincial capital), and at an altitude of above mean sea level. La Quiaca has 14,751 inhabitants as per the . It is the head town of the Yaví Department, which includes also the towns of Barrios, Cangrejillos, El Cóndor, Pumahuasi, and Yaví. The area is serviced by an airport located at . La Quiaca is an approximate antipode to Hong Kong. It has all the amenities of a modern city (potable water, electricity, sewer, Internet). This city is one of the north of the Puna which has all the basic facilities for the convenience of tourists, one of the most important urban settlement in northern Argentina. In the country, this city is the classic reference to the northern end of the country, though in reality this distinction is held by the town of Salvador Mazza, or Pocitos, in the province of Salta. In 1985, after a three-year national tour, the renowned composer León Gieco released a folk album called \"De Ushuaia a La Quiaca\" (\"From Ushuaia to La Quiaca\"). In spite of its location within the tropics, because it is located at over above sea level, La Quiaca has a cold semi-arid climate (\"BSk\", according to the Köppen climate classification), with an annual precipitation of . During winter months, temperatures during the day are cool, averaging in July while the nights can get very cold, with temperatures dropping well below . Precipitation is rare during the winter months although snowfalls are possible. During the summer months, temperatures during the day are mild to warm, averaging although nighttime temperatures can remain cool. Most of the precipitation that La Quiaca receives falls during the summer months. It is possibly the sunniest place in Argentina, averaging 3410 hours of sunshine or 76.9% of possible sunshine ranging from a low of 62.5% in February to a high of 87.5% in July. The highest temperature recorded was on February 4, 1998 while the lowest temperature was . La Quiaca La Quiaca is a small city in the north of the , on the southern bank of the La Quiaca River, opposite the town of Villazón, Bolivia. It lies at the end" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Alienation Office The Alienation Office (1576 - 1835) was a British Government body charged with regulating the 'alienation' or transfer of certain feudal lands in England by use of a licence to alienate granted by the king, during the feudal era, and by the government thereafter. The first regulatory structure for controlling the alienation of feudal lands was created during the reign of Henry III (1216-1272), who issued an ordinance prohibiting his tenants-in-chief from alienating their lands held from him without his specific licence. During the feudal era the king was the only true \"owner\" of land under his allodial title, and the rest of the population merely \"held\" estates in land from him under various forms of feudal tenure, directly in the case of his tenants-in-chief, and indirectly in the case of sub-tenants of the latter. The king's tenants-in-chief formed the backbone of the royal army. King William the Conqueror had granted all the land he conquered in England to his principal military commanders, and others to the church and to other of his supporters and servants. These were the first tenants-in-chief of the Anglo-Norman feudal system. The principal was that an estate (or fee) would supply the needs of one knight so that he would be able to appear fully armed, mounted and attended by esquires and retinue, for royal military service for a certain number of days per year. The king wanted to ensure that any new occupant of the fee would be an effective soldier, thus a licence to alienate was effectively a royal veto on a new tenant-in-chief. Originally the penalty for not obtaining a royal licence was forfeiture of the lands concerned. The next major change occurred in 1327, when the penalty for non-compliance was changed from forfeiture to a fine, payable into the Hanaper of the Chancery. As with many English legal and regulatory systems a gradual evolution occurred to deliver a settled system. The penalty for alienating land without a royal licence became one year's revenue from that land, and the payment required to obtain a licence to alienate was one third of the value of the land to be alienated. In 1576 the Alienation Office was first established on a proper basis. Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester was granted a 10-year farm of the revenues due under the alienation of property licensing regime. The farm also covered monies payable from 'pre-fines' payable during the applicant's hearing in the Court of Final Pleas. The Office developed from the structures created by Dudley during this period. Ten years later an extension of the farm was granted to Thomas Dudley and Robert Wrotte, acting as agents for Robert Dudley. Dudley died in 1588, but the regime he created continued in place, and in 1595 was further extended to cover fines imposed for writs of entry in the process of common recovery. The office was established in premises on today's site of King's Bench Walk, Temple, London, which now house legal chambers. During the period of the Commonwealth (1649-1660) there was a brief gap in the office's existence. It was abolished in September 1653, but was resurrected a year later once the full-extent of loss in revenue to the state had been fully appreciated. More drastic change occurred in 1661, shortly after feudal tenures were abolished by the Tenures Abolition Act 1660. The concept of tenancy-in-chief was removed from English law, and regulations restricting the free conveyance of land were removed. The Alienation Office however continued in existence for nearly another 200 years. Following the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and the ascension of the throne by William III and Mary II, a new form of control over the Alienation Office was created when in May 1689 the Commissioners of the Treasury started to exercise control over the Office by use of letters patent created under the Privy Seal. In 1758 a small extension of the jurisdiction of the Office took place when post fines were dealt with directly by the Office, which both assessed and collected them. However sheriffs still continued to remit to the Exchequer a sum of equal value to the post fines due from their county, formerly collected by them. The 18th. century closed with an extensive inquiry by a House of Commons select committee into the workings and financing of the Office. The pace of reform in the United Kingdom gathered pace in the 1830s, and the structure of the Alienation Office did not survive that decade. In 1834 land conveyancing was reformed and the system of fines and recoveries was abolished, which left the Alienation Office with no substantial function. It was consequently abolished in 1835. The following persons held the office of Receiver General of the Alienation Office between 1602 and 1832: Alienation Office The Alienation Office (1576" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "UP (complexity) In complexity theory, UP (unambiguous non-deterministic polynomial-time) is the complexity class of decision problems solvable in polynomial time on an unambiguous Turing machine with at most one accepting path for each input. UP contains P and is contained in NP. A common reformulation of NP states that a language is in NP if and only if a given answer can be verified by a deterministic machine in polynomial time. Similarly, a language is in UP if a given answer can be verified in polynomial time, and the verifier machine only accepts at most \"one\" answer for each problem instance. More formally, a language \"L\" belongs to UP if there exists a two-input polynomial-time algorithm \"A\" and a constant \"c\" such that UP (and its complement co-UP) contain both the integer factorization problem and parity game problem; because determined effort has yet to find a polynomial-time solution to any of these problems, it is suspected to be difficult to show P=UP, or even P=(UP ∩ co-UP). The Valiant-Vazirani theorem states that NP is contained in RP, which means that there is a randomized reduction from any problem in NP to a problem in Promise-UP. UP is not known to have any complete problems. Lane A. Hemaspaandra and Jorg Rothe, \"Unambiguous Computation: Boolean Hierarchies and Sparse Turing-Complete Sets\", SIAM J. Comput., 26(3) (June 1997), 634–653 UP (complexity) In complexity theory, UP (unambiguous non-deterministic polynomial-time) is the complexity class of decision problems solvable in polynomial time on an unambiguous Turing machine with at most one accepting path for each input. UP contains P and is contained in NP. A common reformulation of NP states that a language is in NP if and only if a given answer can be verified by a deterministic machine in polynomial time. Similarly, a language is" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Seesaw (novel) Seesaw, is a 1996 novel by English author Deborah Moggach, first published in 1996 by Heinemann and recommended in OUP's \"Good Fiction Guide\". Hannah, the seventeen-year-old daughter of upper middle class Morris and Val Price, is kidnapped with a half-million-pound ransom. The novel focuses on both the Price family and the kidnappers in the time leading up to the abduction. The book also focuses on the relationships between Jon and Eva, the two kidnappers, and Hannah as well as what happens to all characters following her release. Deborah Moggach also wrote the script for a three-part television adaptation of the novel, first broadcast in March 1998 on ITV. Seesaw (novel) Seesaw, is a 1996 novel by English author Deborah Moggach, first published in 1996 by Heinemann and recommended in OUP's \"Good Fiction Guide\". Hannah, the seventeen-year-old daughter of upper middle class Morris and Val Price, is kidnapped with a half-million-pound ransom. The novel focuses on both the Price family and the kidnappers in the time leading up to the abduction. The book also focuses on the relationships between Jon and Eva, the two kidnappers, and Hannah as well as what happens to all characters following her release. Deborah" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Wilfred Greatorex Wilfred Greatorex (27 May 1921 – 14 October 2002) was an English television and film writer, script editor and producer. He was creator of such series as \"Secret Army\", \"1990\", \"Plane Makers\" and its sequel \"The Power Game\", \"Hine\", \"Brett\", \"Man At The Top\", \"Man From Haven\" and \"The Inheritors\". He also wrote the screenplay for the 1969 film \"Battle of Britain\". He was described by The Guardian newspaper as \"one of the most prolific and assured of television script-writers and editors from the 1960s into the 1980s\". Starting off as a journalist, he got his big break as a TV writer on Lew Grade's ATV service writing dramas about journalism, such as \"Deadline Midnight\" and \"Front Page Story\". As a TV script editor he also worked on series such as \"Danger Man\" and was also creator/producer of \"The Inheritors\", \"Hine\" and \"The Power Game\". Papers discovered at a Norfolk auction house in 2011 reveal that 'Hine' had a budget of £84,000, the equivalent of close to £1m some forty years later. In 1977, he came up with the dystopian drama series \"1990\" for BBC2, starring Edward Woodward. Greatorex dubbed the series \"Nineteen Eighty-Four plus six\". Over its two series it portrayed \"a Britain in which the rights of the individual had been replaced by the concept of the common good – or, as I put it more brutally, a consensus tyranny.\" The same year he also devised (with Gerard Glaister) the BBC1 wartime drama \"Secret Army\". The show later inspired the sitcom parody \"'Allo 'Allo!\". When talking about his writing style he said \"I am opposed to soft-centred characters, which is why I don't create a lot of Robin Hoods. The world's full of hard cases, real villains. And they need to be confronted with other characters just as hard.\" His last series for television was \"Airline\" in 1982 (starring Roy Marsden). He died in of renal failure in Buckinghamshire in 2002. Wilfred Greatorex Wilfred Greatorex (27 May 1921 – 14 October 2002) was an English television and film writer, script editor and producer. He was creator of such series as \"Secret Army\", \"1990\", \"Plane Makers\" and its sequel \"The Power Game\", \"Hine\", \"Brett\", \"Man At The Top\", \"Man From Haven\" and \"The Inheritors\". He also wrote the screenplay for the 1969 film \"Battle of Britain\". He was described by The Guardian newspaper as \"one of the" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Raaj Tilak Raaj Tilak is a 1984 Hindi-language Indian feature film directed by Rajkumar Kohli, starring Raaj Kumar, Sunil Dutt, Dharmendra, Kamal Haasan, Hema Malini, Ranjeeta Kaur, Reena Roy, Yogeeta Bali, Sarika, Pran, Ranjeet, Raj Kiran and Ajit. Raaj Tilak is an action packed drama, featuring Raaj Kumar, Sunil Dutt, Dharmendra, Kamal Haasan, Hema Malini, Ranjeeta Kaur, Reena Roy, Yogeeta Bali, Sarika, Pran, Ranjeet, Raj Kiran and Ajit. The local King has many enemies including his own trusted men, Bhavani Singh and Ranjeet. But the King always has the help of Samadh Khan, and the King's brother-in-law, Arjun Singh. Now the King's newborn son is abducted by Jalal Khan and Samadh Khan is branded a traitor. Jalal turns the prince to a local gypsy band. The queen is devastated over the disappearance of her son, but Arjun offers his son for her, but Bhavani finds out this move and switches his son with Arjun's son. Years later, now the Prince, Shamsher Singh is like Bhavani and has all bad habits. He soon imprisons his very own mother and inflicts all kinds of atrocities on common people. Arjun attempts to intervene but is imprisoned. The climax shows whether the real prince surfaces now for revenge, or will he continue as gypsy without knowing his true heritage? Director \"Rajkumar Kohli\" 's films always created huge curiosity as he is a multi starrer specialist. \"Raaj Tilak\" too lived up to its reputation and became a Success at the Box-Office. Raaj Tilak Raaj Tilak is a 1984 Hindi-language Indian feature film directed by Rajkumar Kohli, starring Raaj Kumar, Sunil Dutt, Dharmendra, Kamal Haasan, Hema Malini, Ranjeeta Kaur, Reena Roy, Yogeeta Bali, Sarika, Pran, Ranjeet, Raj Kiran and Ajit. Raaj Tilak is an action packed drama, featuring Raaj Kumar, Sunil Dutt, Dharmendra, Kamal Haasan, Hema" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Bankroll Mafia (album) Bankroll Mafia is the eponymously titled debut studio album by American hip hop collective Bankroll Mafia, composed of Atlanta-based rappers T.I.P., Young Thug, Shad da God, PeeWee Roscoe, Lil Duke and London Jae. The album was issued on April 22, 2016, by Bankroll Mafia, LLC. and Empire Distribution. The album features guest appearances from fellow Atlanta-based rappers Bankroll Fresh, Young Dro, Lil Yachty, 21 Savage and Yung Booke, as well as Quavo and Offset of Migos. The album was supported by two singles, \"Bankrolls on Deck\" and \"Out My Face\". \"Bankrolls on Deck\", which features verses from T.I.P., Young Thug, Shad da God and PeeWee Roscoe, was released July 20, 2015 as the album's first single. The official music video for \"Bankrolls on Deck\", directed by Kennedy Rothchild, was released prior on July 18. The albums second single, \"Out My Face\", showcasing members T.I.P., Shad da God, Young Thug and London Jae, was released January 2, 2016. The music video for \"Out My Face\" was released on April 18, 2016. Bankroll Mafia (album) Bankroll Mafia is the eponymously titled debut studio album by American hip hop collective Bankroll Mafia, composed of Atlanta-based rappers T.I.P., Young Thug, Shad" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Sanford W. Smith Sanford Willard Smith (August 19, 1869 – January 24, 1929) was an American lawyer and politician from New York. He was born on August 19, 1869, in Kinderhook, Columbia County, New York, the son of Henry Smith (died 1895) and Rachel (Shaw) Smith. He attended the district schools and Chatham High School. He graduated from Cornell Law School in 1889, was admitted to the bar in 1890, and practiced in Chatham. He married Maude P. Harding, and they had three daughters. He was Assistant Journal Clerk of the State Assembly in 1897. Smith was a member of the New York State Assembly (Columbia Co.) in 1901; Judge of Columbia County from 1902 to 1905; and a member of the New York State Senate from 1906 to 1908, sitting in the 129th (24th D.), 130th and 131st New York State Legislatures (both 25th D.). In March 1918, he was appointed by Gov. Charles S. Whitman as Presiding Judge of the New York Court of Claims, and remained on the bench until January 1927. In February 1928, he was appointed by Gov. Al Smith to the New York Supreme Court (3rd D.), to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Aaron V. S. Cochrane until the end of the year. He died on January 24, 1929, at his home in Chatham, New York, from a heart attack; and was buried at the Chatham Rural Cemetery. Sanford W. Smith Sanford Willard Smith (August 19, 1869 – January 24, 1929) was an American lawyer and politician from New York. He was born on August 19, 1869, in Kinderhook, Columbia County, New York, the son of Henry Smith (died 1895) and Rachel (Shaw) Smith. He attended the district schools and Chatham High School. He graduated from Cornell Law School in 1889," ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Viñuela Viñuela is a municipality in the province of Málaga in the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. It belongs to the \"comarca\" of La Axarquía. The village of La Viñuela is situated from the provincial capital of Málaga and from the coast at Torre del Mar. The village sits at a height of above sea level. Inhabitants are called \"viñoleros\". One of its hamlets is Los Romanes. La Viñuela is dominated by the landscape of La Maroma, which belongs to the mountain range known as Sierra de Tejeda and at a height of is the highest mountain in Axarquía. Another dominant feature of the landscape is that of the reservoir known in English as Lake Viñuela; it holds 170 million cubic metres of water and is surrounded by picnic areas, some with barbecues. Swimming and non-motorised water sports are also permitted here. The village grew during the 18th century around a building called La Venta La Viña, which fed and watered weary travellers en route between the coast and inland Granada, which is still a centre for the old men of the village to meet for a game of dominoes. The village was named after the vines that grow in the area and from this building where local wine was sold. In 2011 the population was 1980 inhabitants according to data from the INE, the Spanish Institute of National Statistics. It became a town in 1764 with its first appointed mayor Juan Lucas García del Rey, however, this was not the first time the area had been inhabited: when the excavation work to create the reservoir began, 14 archaeological sites dating back to Neolithic and Roman times were found, including the remains of wattle and daub huts, a smelting furnace and an abundance of stone tools and ceramics. The local fiestas begin at Easter, usually mid-March or April. In May there is the pilgrimage from the village to the hamlets of Los Gómez and Los Romanes. In mid-July they celebrate the Feria de Los Gómez in honour of the Virgen del Carmen. At the end of July/beginning of August are the celebrations for the feast day of the town's patron saint, the Virgen de las Angustias (the Virgin of Sorrows) at the Chapel of Our Lady of Sorrows which is located in the area of Los Ramírez. Mid-August sees the fiesta of Los Romanes, which honours the Virgen de la Milagrosa (Virgin of the Miraculous). Finally, in mid-September, they celebrate the Feria de la Pasa, to coincide with the harvesting of grapes to be made into raisins. Some typical dishes from La Viñuela are (tomato soup), gazpachuelo (similar to hot gazpacho), (vegetables and pulses cooked in water), migas with orange and pomegranate, ajoblanco, gazpacho, asparagus omelette and Russian salad with orange. There is a local football club aptly named Aston Viñuela which has male A and B teams and a male veteran side for over 35's. Training and home games are played at the municipal football pitch located on the A402 (turning for the Hotel La Viñuela). There is also a local photographic club called Lake Viñuela Photographic Club which meets once a month. The group has many members of varying abilities but share a common interest, a love of photography, especially in the beautiful surroundings of La Viñuela. Viñuela Viñuela is a municipality in the province of Málaga in the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. It belongs to the \"comarca\" of La Axarquía. The village of La Viñuela is situated from the provincial capital of Málaga and from the coast at Torre del Mar. The" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Kelley James Kelley James (born November 12, 1983) is an American singer-songwriter from Los Altos, California. James has toured nationally and played with acts such as O.A.R., the Goo Goo Dolls, and Weezer, as well as toured internationally in Australia. He is a regular performer at PGA Tour events including the Birds Nest at the Phoenix Open, Farmer’s Insurance Rock Ball in San Diego, HP Byron Nelson Pavilion After Dark in Dallas, the NetJets Masters party in Augusta. James is a close friend of San Francisco Giants pitcher Barry Zito, and the two have shared the stage to perform together for Zito’s Strikeouts for Troops charity. James was born in Los Altos, California and grew up in the Bay Area. He started playing music at the age of 12 after receiving his first guitar. James credits his childhood experiences in the Bay area as a strong musical influence due to the wide range of music to which he was exposed. His early interest in music was sparked by grunge artists like Nirvana, Sound Garden, and Pearl Jam, and his own music was inspired by singer-songwriter acts like Sublime, Ben Harper, Jason Mraz, and the Dave Matthews Band. California hip-hop served as inspiration that later led James to integrate freestyle rapping into music. James remains an independent artist and has financed his tours through sponsorship deals with brands like Oakley, Muscle Milk, Corona, and Honda. James is married to Renne Herlocker and they have two children, son Camden and daughter Bowynn. Kelley James Kelley James (born November 12, 1983) is an American singer-songwriter from Los Altos, California. James has toured nationally and played with acts such as O.A.R., the Goo Goo Dolls, and Weezer, as well as toured internationally in Australia. He is a regular performer at PGA Tour events including" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint-Jean-Longueuil The Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint-Jean–Longueuil () is a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Montréal in (mostly francophone) Québec, southeastern Canada. Its cathedral episcopal see is the Cathédrale Saint-Jean-l’Évangéliste dedicated to John the Evangelist, in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu. It also has a Co-Cathedral: Cocathédrale Saint-Antoine-de-Padoue, dedicated to Saint Anthony of Padua, in Longueuil, Québec, and a Minor basilica: Basilique Sainte-Anne-de-Varennes, in Varennes, Québec. As per 2015, it pastorally served 634,425 Catholics (83.2% of 762,240 total) on 2,078 km² in 45 parishes and 1 mission with 89 priests (60 diocesan, 29 religious), 4 deacons, 350 lay religious (99 brothers, 251 sisters) and 4 seminarians. Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint-Jean-Longueuil The Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint-Jean–Longueuil () is a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Montréal in (mostly francophone) Québec, southeastern Canada. Its cathedral episcopal see is the Cathédrale Saint-Jean-l’Évangéliste dedicated to John the Evangelist, in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu. It also has a Co-Cathedral: Cocathédrale Saint-Antoine-de-Padoue, dedicated to Saint Anthony of Padua, in Longueuil, Québec, and a Minor basilica: Basilique Sainte-Anne-de-Varennes, in Varennes, Québec. As per 2015, it pastorally served 634,425 Catholics (83.2% of 762,240 total) on 2,078 km² in 45 parishes and 1 mission with 89 priests (60 diocesan," ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "David Libert David Libert (born 1943) is an American music executive and musician. He was one of the founding members of the musical group, The Happenings. Hailing from Paterson, New Jersey, The Happenings had several hit records including \"See You in September\" and a cover of \"I Got Rhythm\" that was on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 Singles charts for 14 weeks in 1967, and peaked at number 3. Libert later left the group to join the Willard Alexander Agency as a booking agent. After a brief stint as road manager for Rare Earth, Libert became tour manager for Alice Cooper during Alice's most formidable years (1971–1975). Libert figured prominently in Bob Greene's book about accompanying Cooper's band on 1973's Billion Dollar Babies tour, Billion Dollar Baby . Libert also was credited for singing background vocals on the Billion Dollar Babies album which was recorded at Morgan Studios in London in 1973. In 1975, Libert migrated from New York to Los Angeles and in 1976, he opened the David Libert Agency which represented George Clinton, Parliament/Funkadelic, Bootsy's Rubber Band and The Runaways (Cherie Currie, Joan Jett, Lita Ford). In the late 90s, Libert formed Available Entertainment with entertainment attorney Alan Oken. A personal management company, Available Entertainment went on to represent George Clinton, Parliament/Funkadelic, Brian Auger, Living Colour, Sheila E, Vanilla Fudge, Cactus, Iranian singer, writer, performer Sussan Deyhim, Skye Issac, The Fabulous Miss Wendy, The Coryell Auger Sample Trio and Tomi Rae Brown. Libert also wrote hit songs for other artists including The Tokens, The Chiffons and Gerry & The Pacemakers. Libert has promoted many concerts throughout his career including sold out shows at Madison Square Garden in New York (George Clinton) and the Cricket Wireless Amphitheater in Kansas City (Kool and the Gang) His record producing credits include co-producing The Happenings album, \"Piece of Mind,\" with fellow Happenings member Bobby Miranda, as well as producing on his own, Tomi Rae Brown, Attus, Steel Water Blue and Eric Kellogg's Imaginary Band. Libert continues to reside in Southern California. David Libert David Libert (born 1943) is an American music executive and musician. He was one of the founding members of the musical group, The Happenings. Hailing from Paterson, New Jersey, The Happenings had several hit records including \"See You in September\" and a cover of \"I Got Rhythm\" that was on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 Singles charts for 14 weeks in" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Ken Hammond (historian) Kenneth J. Hammond is Professor of History at New Mexico State University. Hammond was a student and Students for a Democratic Society leader at Kent State University from 1967 to 1970. He later (1985) completed his degree in Political Science, then studied Modern Chinese language at the Beijing Foreign Languages Normal School in Beijing. Hammond received an M.A. in Regional Studies -East Asia(1989), and a Ph.D in History and East Asian Languages (1994) from Harvard University. In 2007, Hammond was appointed director of the Confucius Institute, a cultural initiative funded in part by Hanban on the NMSU campus that is dedicated to studying and publicizing China and Chinese culture. He is the editor of the journal \"Ming Studies\". While at Kent State, Hammond authored a study of local politics entitled \"Who Rules Kent?\" and was active in the political events that culminated in the May 4, 1970 shootings at the university. He was indicted as one of the \"Kent 25\" and was lead plaintiff in the federal lawsuit \"Hammond v. Brown\" which resulted in the suppression of the Special Grand Jury report on the Kent State shootings. All charges against the Kent 25 were dropped in December 1971. In 1976 he took part in the \"Move the Gym\" demonstrations at Kent, on the site of the 1970 shootings. Ken Hammond (historian) Kenneth J. Hammond is Professor of History at New Mexico State University. Hammond was a student and Students for a Democratic Society leader at Kent State University from 1967 to 1970. He later (1985) completed his degree in Political Science, then studied Modern Chinese language at the Beijing Foreign Languages Normal School in Beijing. Hammond received an M.A. in Regional Studies -East Asia(1989), and a Ph.D in History and East Asian Languages (1994) from Harvard University." ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Nishitonami District, Toyama As of November 1, 2004, the district had a population of 13,770. The total area was 58.76 km². Prior to dissolution, the district has only one town left: Due to the enforcement of the district government, the district was founded in 1896 when the former Tonami District, occupied the southwestern Etchu Province, split into Nishitonami and Higashitonami Districts. The district covered all of the city of Oyabe, and the areas of Toide, Fukuoka, and Tatsuno in the city of Takaoka. The district seat was located at the town of Ishido (now the city of Oyabe). In 1962, the towns of Ishido and Tochu merged to become the city of Oyabe. Nishitonami District, Toyama As of November 1, 2004, the district had a population of 13,770. The total area was 58.76 km². Prior to dissolution, the district has only one town left: Due to the enforcement of the district government, the district was founded in 1896 when the former Tonami District, occupied the southwestern Etchu Province, split into Nishitonami and Higashitonami Districts. The district covered all of the city of Oyabe, and the areas of Toide, Fukuoka, and Tatsuno in the city of Takaoka. The district seat was" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Montra Montra is the short version of the Pahlavi word \"Mahantra\" meaning protection, its origin from the Kurdish word \"Pala\" meaning to take refuge under. This name dates back to the pre-Zoroastrian times (Medes era, 3700 years ago) in ancient Iran. This word belongs to the Avestan language from the old Indo-Iranian language group, which was used to write the Gathas in Kurdish Gwet, meaning \"spoken\" or \"the spoken words\". The term Montra, though rarely, is used as a girls name nowadays and should not be confused with the Indian word \"mantra\", which is a religious or mystical syllable or poem, typically from the Sanskrit language. Montra Montra is the short version of the Pahlavi word \"Mahantra\" meaning protection, its origin from the Kurdish word \"Pala\" meaning to take refuge under. This name dates back to the pre-Zoroastrian times (Medes era, 3700 years ago) in ancient Iran. This word belongs to the Avestan language from the old Indo-Iranian language group, which was used to write the Gathas in Kurdish Gwet, meaning \"spoken\" or \"the spoken words\". The term Montra, though rarely, is used as a girls name nowadays and should not be confused with the Indian word \"mantra\", which is" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Summanus Summanus () was the god of nocturnal thunder in ancient Roman religion, as counterposed to Jupiter, the god of diurnal (daylight) thunder. His precise nature was unclear even to Ovid. Pliny thought that he was of Etruscan origin, and one of the nine gods of thunder. Varro, however, lists Summanus among gods he considers of Sabine origin, to whom king Titus Tatius dedicated altars \"(arae)\" in consequence of a votum. Paulus Diaconus considers him a god of lightning. The name \"Summanus\" is thought to be from \"Summus Manium\" \"the greatest of the Manes\", or \"sub-\", \"under\" + \"manus\", \"hand\". According to Martianus Capella, Summanus is another name for Pluto as the \"highest\" \"(summus)\" of the Manes. This identification is taken up by later writers such as Camões (\"If in Summanus' gloomy realm / Severest punishment you now endure ...\") and Milton, in a simile to describe Satan visiting Rome: \"Just so Summanus, wrapped in a smoking whirlwind of blue flame, falls upon people and cities\". Georges Dumézil has argued that Summanus would represent the uncanny, violent and awe-inspiring element of the gods of the first function, connected to heavenly sovereignty. The double aspect of heavenly sovereign power would be reflected in the dichotomy Varuna-Mitra in Vedic religion and in Rome in the dichotomy Summanus-Dius Fidius. The first gods of these pairs would incarnate the violent, nocturnal, mysterious aspect of sovereignty while the second ones would reflect its reassuring, daylight and legalistic aspect. The temple of Summanus was dedicated during the Pyrrhic War c. 278 BCE on June 20. It stood at the west of the Circus Maximus, perhaps on the slope of the Aventine. It seems the temple had been dedicated because the statue of the god which stood on the roof of the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus had been struck by a lightningbolt. Every June 20, the day before the summer solstice, round cakes called \"summanalia\", made of flour, milk and honey and shaped as wheels, were offered to him as a token of propitiation: the wheel might be a solar symbol. Summanus also received a sacrifice of two black oxen or wethers. Dark animals were typically offered to chthonic deities. Saint Augustine records that in earlier times Summanus had been more exalted than Jupiter, but with the construction of a temple that was more magnificent than that of Summanus, Jupiter became more honored. Cicero recounts that the clay statue of the god which stood on the roof of the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus was struck by a lightningbolt: its head was nowhere to be seen. The haruspices announced that it had been hurled into the Tiber River, where indeed it was found on the very spot indicated by them. The temple of Summanus itself was struck by lightning in 197 BCE. Traditionally Mount Summano (elevation 1291 m.), located in the Alps near Vicenza (Veneto, Italy) is considered a site of the cult of god Pluto, Iupiter Summanus and the Manes . The area was one of the last strongholds of ancient religion in Italy as is shown by the fact that Vicenza had no bishop until 590 CE. Archeological excavations have found a sanctuary area that dates back to the first Iron Age (9th century BCE) and was continuously active til late antiquity (at least the 4th century CE). The local flora is very peculiar due to the custom of ancient time pilgrims of bringing flowers from their own native lands afar. The mountain top is frequently hit by lightningbolts. The mountain has a deep grotto (named Bocca Lorenza) in which according to a local legend a young shepherdess got lost and disappeared. The story looks to be an adaptation of the myth of Pluto and Proserpina. \"The content of this section is adapted from the entry Monte Summano of WP Italian.\" Summanus Summanus () was the god of nocturnal thunder in ancient Roman religion, as counterposed to Jupiter, the god of diurnal (daylight) thunder. His precise nature was unclear even to Ovid. Pliny thought that he was of Etruscan origin, and one of the nine gods of thunder. Varro, however, lists Summanus among gods he considers of Sabine origin, to whom king Titus Tatius dedicated" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Marilyn Booth Marilyn Louise Booth (born 24 February 1955) is an author, scholar and translator of Arabic literature. Since 2015, she has been the Khalid bin Abdullah Al Saud Professor for the Study of the Contemporary Arab World at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. Booth graduated \"summa cum laude\" from Harvard University in 1978, and was the first female winner of the Wendell Scholarship. She obtained a D.Phil. in Arabic literature and Middle Eastern history from St Antony's College, Oxford in 1985. She received a Marshall Fellowship for her doctoral studies at Oxford. She has taught at Brown University, American University in Cairo, and University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. She was director of the Center for South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies at UIUC. She currently holds the Iraq Chair of Arabic and Islamic Studies at the University of Edinburgh. Booth has written two books (including one on the Egyptian nationalist poet Bayram al-Tunisi) as well as numerous scholarly papers and book chapters. She has also translated several works of Arabic literature into English. Her work has appeared in Banipal and Words Without Borders. She is a past winner of the Arkansas Arabic Translation Award and runner-up for the Banipal Prize. She also served as a judge for the Banipal Prize in 2008 and 2009. Booth was the original translator of Rajaa Alsanea's bestseller \"Girls of Riyadh\". However, in a letter to the \"Times Literary Supplement\" in September 2007, she asserted that the author Alsanea and the publishers Penguin had interfered with her initial translation, resulting in a final version that was \"inferior and infelicitous\". Booth also wrote about this incident in a scholarly article titled \"Translator v. author\" published in a 2008 issue of \"Translation Studies\". Marilyn Booth Marilyn Louise Booth (born 24 February" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Khuda Khuda or Khoda () is the Iranian word for \"Lord\" or \"God\". Originally, it was used in reference to Ahura Mazda (the name of God in Zoroastrianism). The term derives from Middle Iranian terms \"xvatay, xwadag\" meaning \"lord\", \"ruler\", \"master\", appearing in written form in Parthian \"kwdy\", in Middle Persian \"kwdy\", and in Sogdian \"kwdy\". It is the Middle Persian reflex of older Iranian forms such as Avestan \"xa-dhata-\" \"self-defined; autocrat\", an epithet of Ahura Mazda. The Pashto term \"Xdāi\" (خدۍ) is either a Persian loanword or an Eastern Iranian cognate. Prosaic usage is found for example in the Sassanid title \"katak-xvatay\" to denote the head of a clan or extended household or in the title of the 6th century \"Khwaday-Namag\" \"Book of Lords\", from which the tales of Kayanian dynasty as found in the \"Shahnameh\" derive. Semi-religious usage appears, for example, in the epithet \"zaman-i derang xvatay\" \"time of the long dominion\", as found in the \"Menog-i Khrad\". The fourth and eighty-sixth entry of the Pazend prayer titled \"101 Names of God\", \"Harvesp-Khoda\" \"Lord of All\" and \"Khudawand\" \"Lord of the Universe\", respectively, are compounds involving \"Khuda\". Application of \"khuda\" as \"\"the\" Lord\" (Ahura Mazda) is represented in the first entry in the medieval \"Frahang-i Pahlavig\". In Islamic times, the term came to be used for God in Islam, paralleling the Arabic name of God \"Al-Malik\" \"Owner, King, Lord, Master\". The phrase Khuda Hafiz (meaning \"May God be your Guardian\") is a parting phrase commonly used in Persian, Kurdish, Bengali and Pashto, as well as in Urdu among South Asian Muslims. It also exists as a loanword, used for God in Turkish (\"Hüdâ\"), and by Muslims in Bengali, Urdu. Khuda Khuda or Khoda () is the Iranian word for \"Lord\" or \"God\". Originally, it was used in reference" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Frances Garnet Wolseley, 2nd Viscountess Wolseley Frances Garnet Wolseley, 2nd Viscountess Wolseley (15 September 1872 – 24 December 1936) was an influential English gardening author and instructor, whose Glynde College for Lady Gardeners at Glynde, East Sussex, had the patronage of such famous gardening names as Gertrude Jekyll, Ellen Willmott, and William Robinson. Frances Wolseley was born in Pimlico, London, as the only child of Sir Garnet Joseph Wolseley (1833–1913), later Baron Wolseley of Cairo and Viscount Wolseley, commander-in-chief of the British army, and his wife, Louisa Erskine (1843–1920). She was educated privately. She was also presented at court, but rejected marriage and the conventions of her upper-class background in favour of gardening education. The family settled in 1899 at Trevor House, Glynde in 1899, where she could pursue her interest in gardening and other country pursuits. The gardening college she founded in 1902 moved five years later to a five-acre (2 ha) teaching garden outside the village, at Ragged Lands. Glynde College for Lady Gardeners offered two-year courses that were featured in the magazine \"Country Life\" in November 1909. It prospered until the end of the First World War, although it continued to operate until 1933. About 1907, Wolseley became less involved with day-to-day college management, in favour of promoting the idea of women being professionally involved with horticulture. Her wider campaign in support of gardening led to a successful book, \"Gardening for Women\" (1908), which described ways women could support the rural economy through horticulture. She toured gardens and horticultural colleges in England, Canada and South Africa in that period. She was admitted into the Worshipful Company of Gardeners of the City of London in 1913. In the same year she inherited the viscountcy from her father (remainder by special arrangement) and then moved to Massetts Place near Lindfield, West Sussex with her mother. There Wolseley's most important book, \"Women on the Land\" (1916) was written. It covers organization of smallholdings and market cooperatives, women's institutes, and gardening as a subject for schools. Her other titles included \"In a College Garden\" (1916), described the work of the College, and \"Gardens, their Form and Design\" (1919), which stimulated the emergence of landscape architecture as a discipline a decade later. She moved in 1920 to Culpepers, Ardingly, West Sussex. Her later works mainly covered local history. The Viscountess Wolseley, died on 24 December 1936 at Culpepers, Ardingly, Sussex following a long illness. She was buried at St Andrew's, Beddingham, East Sussex. She bequeathed her books and papers to Hove corporation, with funds for improving the library and setting up a Wolseley room. The material is retained in Hove Library special collections. A biography describing her work appeared in 1939 by Marjory Pegram, \"The Wolseley Heritage: the Story of Frances Viscountess Wolseley and her Parents\". As she never married and had children, the Wolseley title became extinct upon her death. Frances Garnet Wolseley, 2nd Viscountess Wolseley Frances Garnet Wolseley, 2nd Viscountess Wolseley (15 September 1872 – 24 December 1936) was an" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Méier Méier is a neighborhood in the North Zone of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The neighborhood has some private universities, several private schools (some almost centenary), state and municipal schools. The best known schools are private, Immaculate Heart of Mary School (sagrado Coração de Maria) based in 1914 in the former Imperial Street, current Aristides Caire Street Immaculate Heart of Mary College and Metropolitan College (Colégio Metropolitano) founded in 1932 in street Dias da Cruz (where today is the Méier Shopping Mall) and has three units in the neighborhood. There are several language private courses like CCAA, Brasas, Cultura Inglesa and Ibeu) and other courses (such as Kumon). There are also academies of traditional dance (Rio Dance Center) and Sport Club Mackenzie. Meiér has some good restaurants like Boi Bão at Lopez da Cruz Street and Casa do Bacalhau at Dias da Cruz Street. Dias da Cruz Street is closed and turned into a recreation area on Sundays and holidays from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. between Hermengarda Street and Magalhães Couto Street. Salgado Filho Municipal Hospital is located in Méier. The hospital began its activities on October 12, 1920 under the name \"Auxiliary Service of the First Aid Méier\". On November 28, 1951, changed its name to Méier dispensary. Only on March 27, 1963 it finally opened as Salgado Filho State Hospital. On March 17, 1977, the new Municipal Hospital Salgado Filho, with a main block (and 7 underground floors), with two annexes (with a 3 and another with 2 floors) is inaugurated by Mayor Marcos Tamoya and his Secretary of Health, Dr. Felippe Cardoso Filho. Ana Barbosa on the street is located the post of Municipal CALL Caesar Pernetta. The Todos os Santos neighborhood near Méier has the Pasteur Hospital, which opened in 2005. The hospital, with 24-hour care, has emergency, gynecology/obstetrics, general surgery, orthopedic and radiology departments. The neighborhood was once a cultural center but past the year this scenario has changed. It used to have four movie theaters. The most famous of them was the Imperator. The others were: Art Méier and Bruni Méier (both on the Silva Rabelo street) and Paratodos (on the Arquias Cordeiro Street). In 1991, Imperator was transformed into a dance club, but it was closed in 1995. The neighborhood has the Rio Dance Center, founded in 1973, which had among its students actress Adriana Esteves and presenter Fátima Bernardes. The neighborhood has a SuperVia station: the Méier station. Only the trains of Deodoro Line stop at this station, but it is possible to reach other available lines (Japeri and Santa Cruz) at Engenho de Dentro station. The neighborhood has two buses terminals: the Bus Terminal Americo Ayres (end point / line regulator of 8 and 16 routes) and Bus Terminal Architect Gelton Pacciello da Motta (end point / regulator, 7 lines and 15 itineraries). There are 93 routes and 55 lines operated by 23 companies that allow access to several other neighborhoods in the city. The neighborhood has 9 taxi stops controlled by the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro. Other stops (like Engenho de Dentro and Norte Shopping) at nearby areas facilitate the use of this mean of transportation. Méier has some taxi cooperatives, and Taxi Méier is one of the most famous and used by the population. Méier Méier is a neighborhood in the North Zone of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The neighborhood has some private universities, several private schools (some almost centenary), state and municipal schools. The best known schools are private, Immaculate Heart of Mary School (sagrado Coração de Maria) based in 1914 in the former Imperial Street," ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Kim S. Joon Kim S. Joon is the Chairman & CEO of Ssangyong Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd. and earned a bachelor's degree in Business Administration from Korea University in 1978. He became President & CEO of Ssangyong E&C in 1983 and Chairman & CEO of Ssangyong Motor Company in 1994. In 1995, he took the posts of Chairman & CEO of Ssangyong Cement Industrial Co., Ltd. and Chairman of Ssangyong Business Group, then the sixth largest enterprise in Korea. Since March 1998, he has been Chairman & CEO of Ssangyong E&C. Outside of Ssangyong, he served as Vice Chairman of the Federation of Korean Industries, Co-Chairman of the Korea-France High level Businessmen’s Club, Vice Chairman of the Korea-Japan Economic Association, and Vice Chairman of the Korea-China Economic Council. Currently, he holds the positions of Co-Chairman, Korean Party of the Korea-Singapore Economic Cooperation Committee, Vice Chairman of the Korea Employers Federation and Vice Chairman of the Korea-U.S. Economic Council. He won the industrial service merit in 1986 and the order of industrial service merit “Silver Tower” the following year, both awarded by the Korean government. In 1991, he was conferred the “Gold Tower,” becoming the first winner in the construction field of the highest honor in industrial achievements. In 1996, he was elected as one of the “Global Leaders of Tomorrow” by the World Economic Forum in 1996. In addition, as a member of the economic delegation accompanying the President of South Korea, he visited India in October 2004; the three African nations of Egypt, Nigeria and Algeria in March 2006; and Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Qatar in the Middle East in February 2012. He is the son of the late Kim Sung Kon, founder and former chairman of Ssangyong Group. Kim S. Joon Kim S. Joon is the Chairman" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Dark Sector Dark Sector, also stylized as darkSector, is a third-person shooter video game developed by Digital Extremes for the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3 and Microsoft Windows. The game is set in the fictional Eastern Bloc country of Lasria, and centers on protagonist Hayden Tenno (voiced by Michael Rosenbaum), a morally ambivalent CIA \"clean-up man\". While trying to intercept rogue agent named Robert Mezner, Hayden's right arm is infected with the fictional Technocyte virus, which gives him the ability to grow a three-pronged \"Glaive\" at will. \"Dark Sector\" received mixed to positive reviews for its visual design, originality of action and weapon-based gameplay. Many critics have compared the game to \"Resident Evil 4\" and \"Gears of War\", for their similar style of play and story. In \"Dark Sector\", gameplay revolves around the use of the Glaive, a tri-blade throwing weapon similar to a boomerang which returns to Hayden after each throw. The Glaive can be used for long-distance combat, solving environmental puzzles, and picking up in-game items. When in close proximity to an enemy, context-sensitive actions may appear, allowing the player to execute enemies with \"finishers\". Enemies also hold onto Hayden while attacking, and the player must rapidly press a randomly prompted button to break free. Environmental puzzles in the game usually focus upon capturing various elements (fire, electricity, or ice) with the Glaive. For example, a web blocking Hayden's path can be bypassed by capturing fire with the Glaive, and then launching it at the web to burn it down. The Glaive can also be dual-wielded with a gun, which allows the player to perform weapon combos which are more effective against shielded enemies. As the game progresses, Hayden and the Glaive are given several new abilities; it can be guided through the air, being able to kill multiple enemies (called the \"afterTouch\"); a charged-up throw for deadlier attacks (\"powerThrow\"); and the ability to make Hayden invisible for a short time (\"shift\") and also provide a temporary shield (\"shieldPower\"). The camera is positioned over the shoulder for third-person shooting, and the player can also take cover by standing next to an object such as a pillar or wall. While in cover, Hayden can move temporarily out of cover to fire and throw the Glaive; however there is no blind firing from behind cover. There is a sprint function, which works similar to \"Gears of War\"s Roadie Run, and simple melee attacks that allow Hayden to punch or slice nearby enemies. The game has no HUD (except for the ammo counter); Hayden's health is shown by the screen flashing red when he takes damage, as well as an indicator showing the attacker's position. If Hayden takes too much damage, the flash speed will increase, and a heartbeat will be heard, indicating Hayden is \"bleeding out\". Money (rubles), ammo, weapon upgrades, and grenades can only be found in set locations, so they are impossible to \"farm\". Downed enemies drop their guns, though after his infection, Hayden can only carry these weapons for a few seconds before they self-destruct. Permanent weapons can be purchased and upgraded in black markets, one small weapon for his off-hand use with the Glaive (replacing the pistol) and one large weapon such as a shotgun or rifle. \"Dark Sector\" has an online multiplayer mode, where there are only two modes of gameplay: In both modes, Hayden will have superior powers compared to the soldiers. Hayden will be able to become invisible, use the Glaive, etc., whereas the soldiers cannot. \"Dark Sector\" is set in Lasria, a fictional satellite country connected to Russia. In the prologue, set near the end of the Cold War, the Lasrians discover a submarine off the coast. After opening it, a mysterious infection called \"the Technocyte\" breaks loose. In the game's present, the Lasrian armed forces are fighting against the Technocyte victims, who have largely undergone extreme mutations and have gained frightening abilities. \"Dark Sector\" permanently casts the player as Hayden Tenno (voiced by Michael Rosenbaum). An ambivalent CIA agent, he has congenital analgesia, which renders him unable to feel pain. He is supported by Yargo Mensik (voiced by Jürgen Prochnow), a scientist and sleeper agent who knows the origin of the Technocyte virus. The main antagonist, Robert Mezner (voiced by Dwight Schultz), is an ex-CIA agent who seeks to build a utopia by spreading the Technocyte virus across the planet. Supporting Mezner is Nadia (voiced by Julianne Buescher), a mysterious woman whom Hayden knows; and \"Nemesis\", a metallic, humanoid figure who fights with a long Technocyte blade. Other characters include \"the A.D.\", Hayden's superior in the CIA; and the Blackmarket Dealer, an arms dealer who supplies Hayden with weapons and equipment for his missions. \"Dark Sector\" begins with Hayden Tenno infiltrating a gulag compound in Lasria. Hayden makes short work of enemy resistance to find Robert Mezner, the man responsible for ravaging Lasria with the Technocyte virus. Hayden proceeds with planting C4 charges throughout the building, before encountering a humanoid metal figure called Nemesis. Hayden is knocked unconscious after firing a rocket at Nemesis. Waking up hours later, Hayden finds himself face-to-face with Mezner. As Hayden attempts to reach for his gun, Nemesis appears and stabs his right shoulder, transferring the Technocyte virus into Hayden. Hayden detonates the C4 charges set earlier and manages to escape. His right arm now mutated by Technocyte, Hayden arrives at a radio station to contact the A.D., his superior, for further instructions. The A.D. tells Hayden to meet up with their sleeper agent, Yargo Mensik, to obtain boosters for the infection. Shortly after, Hayden is ambushed by soldiers, just as his infected arm produces the \"Glaive\", which he uses to eliminate the hostiles. Hayden moves along the coast, slowly gaining new abilities with the Glaive as the infection progresses; while encountering both haz-mat soldiers and infected civilians. He also hears Mezner taunting him telepathically, saying that \"\"this change is inevitable.\"\" Eventually, Hayden finds Yargo, who gives Hayden his updated orders and a booster for the infection. Hayden refuses the medicine, and learns that Mezner wants to recapture the infected with an old transmitter, which emits a signal that attracts Technocyte-infected creatures to its location, located within an old church. Hayden also learns that Nadia, a woman Hayden is acquainted with, is also working for Mezner. Hayden moves on towards the church to destroy the transmitter, eliminating both Lasrian soldiers and infected along the way. Eventually, he makes it into the church catacombs and finds the transmitter. Nadia, who has a deep-rooted hatred for Hayden after his last meeting with her, confronts him. She leaves him to fight his way through a swarm of infected and escape before the C4 he set goes off. After making contact with the A.D. again, Hayden learns that Mezner is using a freighter to export the Technocyte virus from Lasria. After getting on the boat and fighting through the crew, he makes it to the cargo hold, accidentally releasing a highly evolved Technocyte monster, which sinks the ship. After Hayden escapes, he learns that Mezner's men have found and captured Yargo. Hayden rushes back to Yargo's post, where he finds a security feed of Nadia torturing Yargo, demanding that he let her into \"the Vault\", saying that whatever is in there can control the Technocyte virus. Disobeying the A.D.'s orders to stand down and await his arrival, Hayden sets out to rescue Yargo. Fighting through a train station, Hayden finds Yargo, who has lost an eye during interrogation. After a brief moment of Technocyte-induced pain, Hayden attempts to use the booster, but Yargo starts to warn him about it, just before Nemesis appears. While Yargo escapes, Hayden attempts to take Nemesis head-on, but Mezner arrives and", "accidentally releasing a highly evolved Technocyte monster, which sinks the ship. After Hayden escapes, he learns that Mezner's men have found and captured Yargo. Hayden rushes back to Yargo's post, where he finds a security feed of Nadia torturing Yargo, demanding that he let her into \"the Vault\", saying that whatever is in there can control the Technocyte virus. Disobeying the A.D.'s orders to stand down and await his arrival, Hayden sets out to rescue Yargo. Fighting through a train station, Hayden finds Yargo, who has lost an eye during interrogation. After a brief moment of Technocyte-induced pain, Hayden attempts to use the booster, but Yargo starts to warn him about it, just before Nemesis appears. While Yargo escapes, Hayden attempts to take Nemesis head-on, but Mezner arrives and offers Hayden a chance to kill him; however, Mezner has grown powerful enough to mentally control Technocyte creatures, and begins to overpower Hayden. With no other choice, Hayden injects himself with the booster, breaking Mezner's control over him while simultaneously preventing further mutations. Before Hayden passes out, Mezner tells him that he had the same \"booster\", which was really meant to prepare the two for the Technocyte virus. Hayden wakes up later in the Vozro Research Facility, where the Technocyte virus was researched during the Cold War. Yargo, who brought him there, tells him that he laced Hayden's booster with \"enferon\", a chemical lethal to Technocyte creatures. He claims that he was worried that Hayden would \"turn out like Mezner\", as they both had the same strain of the virus; however, Hayden has retained his humanity, while Mezner did not. Yargo also tells Hayden that he can get a suit similar to Nemesis' in the facility's subbasement, which can give him a fighting chance against Nemesis. Hayden sends Yargo through the ventilation system, then makes his way down towards the labs where the suit is kept. After killing hordes of Technocyte creatures and bypassing automated security systems, Hayden discovers the suit; but before he puts it on, Nadia arrives outside the door. Hayden pleads with her to leave before things get worse than they already are. She says she's already in too deep, and that she will take Yargo to open the Vault, before leaving. Hayden dons the suit and slaughters his way through infected and non-infected alike, finally finding and killing Nemesis, learning that it was actually Nadia all along. She apologizes for infecting Hayden and tells him Mezner is planning to transmit the Technocyte virus across Earth. Nadia then tells him that she knows he'll \"do the right thing this time\", gives him the key to the Vault, then dies. Hayden works his way to the entrance of the Vault to rendezvous with the A.D., who says he has made a deal with Mezner and gives Hayden a booster \"for the road\". Outraged from being used and betrayed, Hayden stabs him in the neck with the booster, telling him that he now feels \"better than ever\", and kills all of the A.D.'s men before heading for the Vault. Finding Yargo, Hayden gives him the key, telling him to seal the Vault and dispose of the key. Inside the Vault, a stunned Hayden discovers the first known source of the Technocyte virus: an American submarine that surfaced off the coast of Lasria (seen in the prologue of the game). Hayden discovers Mezner with the Technocyte transmitter, a Hydra-like monstrosity. After fighting and defeating Mezner, the monster and several infected, Yargo arrives to tell Hayden that the transmission is still going out. Hayden tries to fry the circuitry with his Glaive; but Mezner, not yet dead, stuns his right arm, telling him: \"You are one of us now.\" With his right hand imobilized, Hayden catches the now-electrified Glaive with his left hand, and impales Mezner's skull with it. With the transmission finally halted, the game ends with Hayden leaving the Vault, catching the Glaive as he steps outside. Yargo, who apparently survives, narrates: \"That was how it started, the irony of this disease. That in all the others, it made evil; but for \"him\" [Hayden], it had saved his soul.\" The development of \"Dark Sector\" was announced on February 11, 2000, on Digital Extremes' website. The game was originally proposed as a follow up to Digital Extremes and Epic Games' critically acclaimed multiplayer first-person shooter, \"Unreal Tournament\". However, the original plan was scrapped and the game was not spoken of for another four years, during which the game underwent a massive change in focus. The original design had the game keeping in line with its predecessor as a multiplayer arena-style first-person shooter. An in-game cinematic unveiled years later in 2004, gave viewers a brief look at potential storylines and environments, as well as the graphics of the game. Digital Extremes specifically stated that the clips were not pre-rendered and were actual in-game footage. The game was shown as the first example of what a seventh-generation game would look like. The game was originally intended to take place in a science-fiction environment, in outer space, with players taking the role of a character that inhabits a sleek mechanical suit with incredible powers. The game was officially revealed by Digital Extremes' in late 2005, around the time of the original release of the Xbox 360. In 2006, major overhauls to the game were revealed, showing the main character, and a noticeably less sci-fi setting, although Hayden starts to resemble the originally planned main character as the infection takes over his body. The developers cited a shift in focus by other gaming companies and publishers as the reason for the change to a more modern setting and reducing its sci-fi elements; adding they wanted to achieve the realism that fans would enjoy. Another reason was that the tech demo was originally built before the team knew the maximum specifications of the Xbox 360. An interview with GameSpot revealed that the change in setting was intended to make the main character stand out more, as well as making the story more relatable, which they say has been written as a superhero origin story. He added: \"At the beginning of the game when we do the prologue he's just kind of this anti-hero kind of guy. And very simply, concretely in the game, there are certain types of barriers that he has to open with contextual stuff. And then when he changes, then he begins tearing those things off and becomes much more brutal. So what we're trying to do is convey that evolution on the inside, but also convey it on the outside so that those game elements that are around him are evolving as he does.\" \"Dark Sector\" was based on the Sector Engine, later changed to the Evolution Engine, both Digital Extremes' proprietary next-gen game engines. Official statements about this being just a name change or a major shift in their technology were not released to the public yet. \"Dark Sector's\" project lead, Steve Sinclair, stated that the engine was written from scratch. The producer of \"Dark Sector\", Dave Kudirka said when they first built the engine, they did not want it to look like the Unreal Engine 3, and they wanted their own perspective engine. When asked about the games' engine being made on the Wii or PC, he replied \"plausible\". The game went gold on March 7, 2008. The Windows version of \"Dark Sector\" was initially planned to be released on the same date as on consoles, but later it was dropped and there was no news on its release. On January 19, 2009, some sites reported that a YouTube video showed \"Dark Sector\" running on a PC. Later it was confirmed that the game was indeed ported to Windows and was on sale, though only in Russia and the language was Russian by default. Hackers found ways to run the game in English. An English/French version was added to Steam on March 24, 2009. The PC version's multiplayer mode is only available via Local Area Network play, as the game is a straight port of the console", "perspective engine. When asked about the games' engine being made on the Wii or PC, he replied \"plausible\". The game went gold on March 7, 2008. The Windows version of \"Dark Sector\" was initially planned to be released on the same date as on consoles, but later it was dropped and there was no news on its release. On January 19, 2009, some sites reported that a YouTube video showed \"Dark Sector\" running on a PC. Later it was confirmed that the game was indeed ported to Windows and was on sale, though only in Russia and the language was Russian by default. Hackers found ways to run the game in English. An English/French version was added to Steam on March 24, 2009. The PC version's multiplayer mode is only available via Local Area Network play, as the game is a straight port of the console version with no extra code for internet connectivity. A comic titled Dark Sector Zero was released with \"Dark Sector\". Set before the game's main events, it delves into the events that led to Lasria's demise. \"Dark Sector\" received mixed to positive reviews. Aggregating review websites GameRankings and Metacritic gave the Xbox 360 version 73.24% and 72/100, the PlayStation 3 version 73.14% and 72/100 and the PC version 65.22% and 66/100. \"Hyper\"'s Dirk Watch commended the game for \"the Glaive and its aftertouch,\" but he criticised it for its \"patchy AI and steep difficulty curve.\" Greg Howson of The Guardian thought the game was similar to other \"Gears of War clones\" except for the Glaive mechanic which was entertaining, however \"the thrill soon palls, leaving you with a solid yet hardly essential action game.\" In February, before the release in March 2008, the game was banned by the Office of Film and Literature Classification (OFLC) for sale in Australia. Adam Zweck, the sales and product manager for AFA Interactive, the local distributors of \"Dark Sector\", told GameSpot AU that the game was banned due to its violence, in particular the finishing moves. \"Obviously we're disappointed in it [the decision]. We feel there is justification for an appeal. However, we're exploring several avenues at the moment to see what we can do to get the game on Australian shelves.\" It was later re-released in Australia for the PlayStation 3 on October 9, 2008, but the violence was censored. On July 22, 2009, \"Dark Sector\" was released on the cover disc of \"PC Powerplay\", an Australian PC gaming magazine, although this was the heavily censored version of the game. GamesRadar included it in their list of the 100 most overlooked games of its generation. Editor Jason Fanelli felt that it sold less than it deserved. When asked about a sequel in 2008, Steven Sinclair of Digital Extremes stated that there was \"nothing definitive\" planned, but commented that he would \"love to do one\", and that \"Dark Sector\" only scratched the surface of the character and weapon's potential. Digital Extremes eventually developed a free-to-play game, titled \"Warframe\", which borrows heavily from the original \"Dark Sector\" concept video and game. The original concept for \"Dark Sector\" was more similar to what \"Warframe\" is now, but was put in a modern setting with a linear, single-player mode due to the industry landscape at the time. As such, Warframe is considered a spiritual successor, and has a handful of nods to Dark Sector.' Dark Sector Dark Sector, also stylized as darkSector, is a third-person shooter video game developed by Digital Extremes for the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3 and Microsoft Windows. The game is set in the fictional Eastern Bloc country of Lasria, and centers on protagonist Hayden Tenno (voiced by Michael Rosenbaum), a morally ambivalent CIA \"clean-up man\". While trying to intercept rogue agent named Robert Mezner, Hayden's right arm is infected with the fictional Technocyte virus, which gives him the ability to grow" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "2012 Gold Coast Titans season The 2012 Gold Coast Titans season is the 6th in the club's history. Coached by John Cartwright and captained by Scott Prince they competed in the National Rugby League's 2012 Telstra Premiership. They finished the regular season 11th (out of 16), failing to make the finals for the second consecutive year. Nate Myles was named the club's player of the year. After their worst ever season which ended in their winning the wooden spoon in 2011, the Titans underwent significant player turnover, which included the signings of Nate Myles, Phil Graham and Jamal Idris amongst others. On 26 July, The Titans announced changes to its management team including the appointment of a new CEO and new investors. David May, the former CMO of iSelect was named the new CEO of the Titans replacing Michael Searle who stood down as managing director to become executive director of football. At the end of the season the Paul Broughton Medal for player of the year went to second-rower Nate Myles. \"Source:\" The following players played a representative match in 2012. Australian Kangaroos Indigenous All Stars NSW Blues NSW Country NRL All Stars Queensland Maroons 2012 Gold Coast Titans" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Wingmen (Flight of the Conchords) \"Wingmen\" is the ninth episode of the second season and twenty first overall of the HBO comedy series \"Flight of the Conchords\". This episode first aired in the United States on March 15, 2009. It is the penultimate episode of the second season. Bret enlists Jemaine and Dave to help him try to land a girlfriend. Murray regrets making Greg his scapegoat. Bret becomes attracted to Savannah, a woman who works in a pet shop. His shyness causes him to constantly buy goldfish from her while he builds up courage to ask her out. Bret asks Jemaine to be his wingman and they borrow a headset from Dave's store so that Jemaine and Dave can feed him advice from a distance. He says it is an idea he got from a sitcom. When that idea fails, Bret convinces Jemaine to pretend to mug Savannah, so he can save her and be seen positively in her eyes. It is another idea he got from a sitcom. Jemaine enlists the aid of his friend John, who mugged them in the third episode of season one. Bret meets Savannah in the street and starts to walk her home. She ends up asking him out for dinner. Then, before Bret can stop them, Jemaine and John execute the pretend mugging plan. Due to force of habit, John actually does steal Savannah's purse, which leads to both him and Jemaine getting arrested. Jemaine is later released, and Savannah soon finds out that Bret faked the mugging and breaks up with him. Meanwhile, Murray has unfairly made Greg the scapegoat for a mistake at work. He quickly regrets it and becomes convinced Greg is furious at him, despite Greg seeming perfectly calm about the situation. He spends the rest of the episode trying to patch up their friendship. As Bret walks into the apartment, he picks up a guitar and launches into song about his day and the girl that he met and romanced. Jemaine adds humorous skeptical comments between Bret's lines. At the end of the song Bret admits that \"95% of the song is made up\", and that he invented most of it after simply noticing a girl at the local pet store. The song is a parody of Peter Sarstedt's \"Where Do You Go To (My Lovely)\" and also of Billy Joel's \"Piano Man\". In the lyrics of this song, Bret demonstrates to Savannah how \"freaky\" he can be sexually. It features several surreal scenes in which the lyrics are comically stretched to include rhymes (\"I flip some clips on my lips, I clip some chips to your hips\"). The song features bizarre backgrounds and costumes, in an attempt to seem freaky, including Bret in a vampire cape with fangs as well as Jemaine in a haz-mat. This song is a parody of Beck's \"Nicotine & Gravy\" and \"Debra\". The pet store where Savannah works is a real Petland Discounts store at 510 5th Avenue in Brooklyn. The ideas Bret says he got from sitcoms are plot devices that have featured in many TV shows including \"Friends\", \"Curb Your Enthusiasm\" and \"Seinfeld\". At the start of the episode, Bret asks Jemaine if he would be his wingman, \"like in Top Gun\". Jemaine asked Bret to be his wingman in the season one episode \"Girlfriends\" and Bret also referenced \"Top Gun\" at that time. Later, Murray asks Jemaine to be his wingman when he attempts to apologise to Greg. Dave references NeverNeverLand during another episode of confusion about the nationality of Bret and Jemaine. Wingmen (Flight of the Conchords)" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Progress M-07M Progress M-07M (), identified by NASA as Progress 39 or 39P, is a Progress spacecraft which was used to resupply the International Space Station. It was the seventh Progress-M 11F615A60 spacecraft to be launched, the fourth for the year 2010 and has the serial number 407. The spacecraft was manufactured by RKK Energia, and is being operated by the Russian Federal Space Agency. It arrived at the space station whilst the Expedition 24 crew was aboard, and will remain docked for the entirety of Expedition 25, before departing during Expedition 26. Progress M-07M was launched by a Soyuz-U carrier rocket, flying from Site 31/6 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome. The launch occurred at 10:22:28 UTC on 10 September 2010. The launch had previously been scheduled to occur at 11:11 UTC on 8 September, however it was delayed due to unfavorable weather conditions. After the launch the spacecraft reached a preliminary orbit of . A series of engine firings over the next two days guided Progress M-07M to the rendezvous. Docking with the aft port of the \"Zvezda\" module of the ISS had been scheduled for around 12:37 UTC on 10 September, however due to the launch delay, it occurred on 12 September at 11:58 UTC. The approval to begin the 11-minute final approach was issued by the Russian flight controllers after assessing the systems during a brief stationkeeping hold with about between the space station and the Progress spacecraft. The docking was executed flawlessly by the Kurs automated rendezvous system. Progress M-07M carried of cargo to the International Space Station. This consisted of of fuel, of oxygen, and of water. The remaining was dry cargo, including components for the station's life support system, equipment for conducting maintenance and repairs, supplies for sanitation and hygiene, food, medical equipment, clothes and parcels for the cosmonauts aboard the station, cameras, and supplies for outfitting the \"Zarya\", \"Poisk\" and \"Rassvet\" modules. Progress M-07M was used for three manoeuvres to raise the orbit of the International Space Station. The first, which used eight of the Progress spacecraft's attitude control thrusters, was carried out on 15 September 2010. The engines ignited 09:04 UTC, and burned for 526 seconds, raising the orbit of the space station by to , in preparation for the undocking and landing of Soyuz TMA-18 on 25 September, and for the docking of Soyuz TMA-01M on 10 October 2010. A second orbit raising manoeuvre was conducted at 19:41 UTC on 20 October, in preparation for the docking of Progress M-08M. The manoeuvre lasted 228.7 seconds, and left the space station in an orbit with a perigee of and an apogee of . Progress M-08M was launched on 27 October, and successfully docked two days later. The third manoeuvre was conducted on 22 December, when eight thrusters were again used to raise the space station's orbit. This manoeuvre raised the orbit of the space station by to in preparation for the arrival of the Progress M-09M spacecraft, which is scheduled to launch on 28 January 2011, and for the docking of on the STS-133 mission. It remained docked to the space station until 20 February 2011 when it undocked to make way for the \"Johannes Kepler\" Automated Transfer Vehicle. After undocking it was deorbited to a destructive reentry over the spacecraft cemetery in the Pacific Ocean. Filled with trash and spent equipment on board the ISS, Progress M-07M drowned in the Pacific Ocean at 7:58 pm Moscow time. Progress M-07M Progress M-07M (), identified by NASA as Progress 39 or 39P, is a Progress spacecraft which was used to resupply the International Space" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Carstensz Glacier The Carstensz Glacier is near the peak of Puncak Jaya (sometimes called \"Mount Carstensz\" or the \"Carstensz Pyramid\") which is a mountain in the Sudirman Range of the island of New Guinea, territorially the western central highlands of Papua province, Indonesia. The glacier is situated at an elevation of approximately and is east of the summit tower of Puncak Jaya. In 2002 the Carstensz Glacier was in length and wide. The glacier is named after the 17th century Dutch explorer Jan Carstenszoon, commonly known as Jan Carstensz. Research presented in 2004 of IKONOS satellite imagery of the New Guinean glaciers indicated that in the two years from 2000 to 2002, the Carstensz Glacier had lost a further 6.8% of its surface area. An expedition to the remaining glaciers on Puncak Jaya in 2010 discovered that the ice on the glaciers there is about thick and thinning at a rate of annually. At that rate, the remaining glaciers in the immediate region near Puncak Jaya were expected to last only to the year 2015. The remaining remnant glaciers on Punkak Jaya were once part of an icecap that developed approximately 5,000 years ago. At least one previous icecap also existed in the region between 15,000 and 7,000 years ago, when it also apparently melted away and disappeared. Carstensz Glacier The Carstensz Glacier is near the peak of Puncak Jaya (sometimes called \"Mount Carstensz\" or the \"Carstensz Pyramid\") which is a mountain in the Sudirman Range of the island of New Guinea, territorially the western central highlands of Papua province, Indonesia. The glacier is situated at an elevation of approximately and is east of the summit tower of Puncak Jaya. In 2002 the Carstensz Glacier was in length and wide. The glacier is named after the 17th century Dutch explorer" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "1995 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A The 1995 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A was the 39th edition of the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A. It was performed in 24 teams, and Botafogo won the championship, the club's second Série A title in history. Of the 24 participating teams, only two were relegated, Paysandu and União São João. Also only the first two teams from the Série B in 1995 would be qualified to the Série A in 1996. Fluminense, Palmeiras, Bragantino and Vasco da Gama all qualified to the Copa CONMEBOL, then the second major tournament of the continental zone, and predecessor of the present-day Copa Sudamericana. The eventual champions, Botafogo, together with Corinthians and Grêmio, qualified to the Copa Libertadores of 1996, the major South American cup tournament. Corinthians qualified by winning the Copa do Brasil in 1995 and Grêmio for being the holders of the Copa Libertadores title. Semifinals Cruzeiro 1 x 1 Botafogo (12.07.1995, Belo Horizonte) Botafogo 0 x 0 Cruzeiro (12.10.1995, Rio de Janeiro) Fluminense 4 x 1 Santos (12.07.1995, Rio de Janeiro) Santos 5 x 2 Fluminense (12.10.1995, São Paulo) Botafogo and Santos classified to Final by the advantage of prior results. Final Botafogo 2 x 1 Santos (12.13.1995, Rio de Janeiro) Santos 1 x 1 Botafogo (12.17.1995, São Paulo) 1995 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A The 1995 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A was the 39th edition of the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A. It was performed in 24 teams, and Botafogo won the championship, the club's second Série A title in history. Of the 24 participating teams, only two were relegated, Paysandu and União São João. Also only the first two teams from the Série B in 1995 would be qualified to the Série A in 1996. Fluminense, Palmeiras, Bragantino and Vasco da Gama all qualified to the Copa CONMEBOL," ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "2008–09 Ukrainian financial crisis Ukraine was hit heavily by the late-2000s recession, the World Bank expects Ukraine's economy to shrink 15% in 2009 with inflation being 16.4%. The deficit of Ukraine's foreign trade in goods and services January through September 2009 was estimated at $1.08 billion, which was 9.5 times down on the same period in 2008, export of goods over the period decreased by 48.7%, to $27.478 billion, while imports fell by 53.5%, to $31.570 billion; export of services dropped by 23.2%, to $6.841 billion, while imports were down by 19.9%, to $3.829 billion (the deficit of Ukraine's foreign trade over the first nine months of 2008 was estimated at $10.284 billion, which was 2.7 times up on the same period of 2007). According to a forecast by the State Employment Center unemployment in Ukraine will triple to 9% in 2009 (there was 3% unemployment at the end of 2008), which would mean about 3 million people will apply for employment services. In September 2009 the official level of unemployment was 1.9%. 95% of the population of Ukraine have felt influence of the financial crisis; in July 2009 21% of them stated that \"The crisis has a catastrophic impact on me and my family\", this figure dropped to 17% in October 2009. Actual year-on-year wages in Ukraine fell in October 2009 by 10.9%, while in October 2008 it grew by 4.8% year-over-year according to the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine. The real incomes for Ukrainians in 2009 fell down 8.5% while the nominal income went up 6.2%. The Ukrainian economy shrank 15 percent in 2009. The second Tymoshenko Government had predicted GDP growth of 0.4% in 2009 and a slowdown in inflation to 9.5% (also in 2009), although the overwhelming majority of economists considered this forecast to be excessively optimistic. The Ukrainian economy recovered in the first quarter of 2010. Analysts say the reasons for the crises are slumping steel prices, local banking problems and the cutting of Russian gas supply of January 2009. This made key industries such as metallurgy and machine building lay off workers, and real wages started to fall for the first time in a decade. In 2008 the hryvnia dropped 38% against the US dollar, eclipsed only by the Icelandic krona and the Seychelles rupee. Since many loans and mortgages were issued in dollars and most Ukrainians are paid in hryvnyas (Ukraine's currency), they had to buy dollars with the weak hryvnya, and so they were paying back much more on the loans than they had expected. From December 2008 till mid-May 2009 Ukrainian banks were not allowed to grant requests for early withdrawals of bank deposits. As of September 2009 financial analysts predict a recovery of the hryvnia. According to David Heslam of Fitch ratings \"At the root of the problem is Ukraine’s inconsistent macroeconomic policy framework, as the authorities are aiming to defend the exchange rate while avoiding necessary fiscal tightening in the absence of adequate sources of non-monetary financing\". In November 2009 (Ukraine's) Minister of Economics Bohdan Danylyshyn stated that in his view the \"permanent conflicts\" and \"lack of understanding\" between the National Bank of Ukraine (NBU) and the Cabinet of Ministers was one of major factors of the deep fall of the Ukrainian GDP in 2009, as in his view the conflicts affected the efficiency of the anti-crisis policies of Ukraine (he also insists government should get involved in NBU's activity). Asked in August and October 2009 \"Who bears the most responsibility for the difficult socioeconomic situation in Ukraine?\" about a half of all Ukrainians polled (47%) answered President of Ukraine Viktor Yushchenko, and 22% blamed Prime Minister of Ukraine Yulia Tymoshenko, while 17% of the respondents thought that the Verkhovna Rada is also responsible for the lack of progress in solving economic problems. The share of problem loans in bank portfolios grew to 10.3 percent by December 11, 2008 and is continuing to grow. Banks have all but stopped issuing loans, and clients have hurried to withdraw deposits. In October 2008 the National Bank of Ukraine introduced a moratorium on withdrawals ahead of schedule. Industrial output in November 2008 tumbled 28.6 percent, following a 19.8 decline in October 2008. Steel production slumped 48.8 percent, oil refining and chemical output fell 35.2 percent and machine building by 38.8 percent. Ukraine's economy shrunk 14.4 percent year-on-year in November 2008. Statistical data showed the gross domestic product (GDP) growth slowed to 3.6 percent in January–November compared to 5.8 percent in January–October. Ukraine's Economy Ministry expects the economy to grow 3.5-4.0 percent in 2008. The Hryvnia also lost value. According to a poll (held November 25 through December 5, 2008) by the Horshenin Institute of Management Problems about 79% of those polled suffered from rise in prices, about 29% from delays in payment of salaries. More than some 20% have suffered from reduction of salaries. In the families of some 14.8% somebody lost their job, and some 6% said their enterprise shut down. A total of 90.8% of those polled described their financial state as \"making both ends meet\" and 83.1% said they are short of money for food. Only 2.4% of Ukrainians said they were not hit by the economic crisis at all. Mid-December 2008 the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has lowered the forecast for Ukraine's GDP in 2009 from a 2.5% growth rate to a 5% decline, the same day the Cabinet of Ministers worsened the GDP growth forecast to 0.4% from 6% for 2009. In November 2008, the IMF approved a stand-by loan program for Ukraine to the tune of $16.5 billion. A second one worth $1.87 billion might be granted in February 2009. In November 2008, the official unemployment rate increased by 0.4 percent to 2.3 (Previously 1.9% in September), the State Statistics Committee said that as of December 1 (2008), it registered 640,000 unemployed people. Ukraine's banking system recorded losses of 7 billion hryvnias (UAH) ($909 million) in the first quarter of 2009 compared to a profit of 2.1 billion hryvnias in the same period a year ago, according to a central bank report of April 22, 2009. In April 2009 the IMF forecast an 8.0 percent shrink of the Ukrainian economy in 2009 and a 1.0 percent grow in 2010. Mid-April 2009 Ceyla Pazarbasioglu, the IMF mission chief in Ukraine, stated that there were a number of encouraging signs that Ukraine's economy had started to adjust to the global crisis. According to Olena Belan, analyst at Dragon Capital, \"that is a good signal for investors, showing that Ukraine is taking anti-crisis measures and the economic situation is under control.\" Foreign direct investment did plunge 66% (to $2.7 billion) in the first half of 2009. On May 18, 2009 Ukraine's State Statistics Committee reported that the deficit of Ukraine's foreign trade in the first quarter of 2009 was estimated at $419.7 million, which was 9 times down on the same period the previous year. The Ukrainian state became the de facto owner of Ukrhazbank (84.21% after investing UAH 3.2 billion), Rodovid Bank (99.97% after investing UAH 2.809 billion) and Bank Kyiv (99.93% after investing UAH 3.563 billion) early June 2009. The industrial output of Ukraine in the period January–August 2009 shrank by 29.6% compared to the same period in 2008. The fall in Ukraine's industrial output slowed to 26.7% in July 2009 compared to July 2008, compared to a fall of 27.5% in June and 31.8% in April and May 2009 (compared to 2008 again). On September 17, 2009 the World Bank approved a loan for Ukraine in the amount of $400 million. According to a public opinion poll conducted by FOM-Ukraine in September/October 2009 46.2% of those polled thought that the economic situation in the country would worsen within the next few months, while 35% stated that the economic situation in Ukraine would remain unchanged and 8% thought the situation would improve. On November 1, 2009", "after investing UAH 3.563 billion) early June 2009. The industrial output of Ukraine in the period January–August 2009 shrank by 29.6% compared to the same period in 2008. The fall in Ukraine's industrial output slowed to 26.7% in July 2009 compared to July 2008, compared to a fall of 27.5% in June and 31.8% in April and May 2009 (compared to 2008 again). On September 17, 2009 the World Bank approved a loan for Ukraine in the amount of $400 million. According to a public opinion poll conducted by FOM-Ukraine in September/October 2009 46.2% of those polled thought that the economic situation in the country would worsen within the next few months, while 35% stated that the economic situation in Ukraine would remain unchanged and 8% thought the situation would improve. On November 1, 2009 the International Monetary Fund (IMF) warned that it could cut financial assistance to Ukraine, Managing Director of the IMF Dominique Strauss-Kahn stated he was “very worried” with President Viktor Yushchenko’s decision to sign a bill adopting wage and pension increases. Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko accused Yushchenko and other candidate for the Ukrainian presidential election, 2010 of backing the increase to sabotage her government and thereby undercutting her presidential bid. Late November 2009 acting vice governor of the National Bank of Ukraine Vasyl Pasichnyk forecasted no mass bankruptcies in the Ukrainian banking sector. Ukraine's total foreign debt (state and corporate) had reached 93.5% of the 912.563 billion Hryvnya GDP in March 2010; late February 2010 the Ukrainian Finance Ministry had reported that the country's total state debt by early 2010 was to 32.9% of the GDP. Standard & Poor's upgraded Ukraine's rating the same day. March 18, 2010 the National Bank of Ukraine stated the total external debt in Ukraine increased 2.3% to $103.973 billion in 2009, and it considered a 4% GDP growth realistic for 2010 the same day. The Ukrainian economy recovered in the first quarter of 2010 due to stronger-than-expected growth in the global economy, driven primarily by emerging Asia and Latin America, larger social transfers to the population approved in the 2010 budget law and a lower price for imported natural gas (due to the 2010 Ukrainian–Russian Naval Base for Natural Gas treaty). 2008–09 Ukrainian financial crisis Ukraine was hit heavily by the late-2000s recession, the World Bank expects Ukraine's economy to shrink 15% in 2009 with inflation being 16.4%. The deficit of Ukraine's foreign trade in goods and services January through September 2009 was estimated at $1.08" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Sancreed Parish Church Sancreed Parish Church is the parish church of Sancreed, Cornwall, England, UK. It is an Anglican church in the Diocese of Truro. Sancreed Parish church (Grade II Listed) lies at the heart of the village and is dedicated to St Sancredus. The church is built of granite, parts of which date back to the 13th and 14th-centuries which was originally built in a cruciform shape. The current church has an unbuttressed west tower of two stages, a north transept and a 15th-century south aisle of five bays. Features of interest include the fine font which is of the St Ives type dating from the 14th-century and the rood screen which has curious carvings at the base. Much of the church was restored in 1881 by the architect J D Sedding and the contractor, Mr Bone of Liskeard. A report in The Cornishman newspaper stated, There was nothing striking about the old Church except its hoary and depressing appearance. It contained a few pieces of good carved work, which doubtless will be utilized in the restoration, but very few other specimens of art. The churchyard and church have, within the late 19th and first part of the 20th-century, made a strong appeal to painters of the Newlyn School of Art, some of whom worshipped regularly at the church and are buried in the churchyard (including Stanhope Forbes RA). Work on replacing the church roof began in 2017 following a grant from the Heritage Lottery Fund of £227,100 and more than £11,000 from charities. Sancreed Parish Church Sancreed Parish Church is the parish church of Sancreed, Cornwall, England, UK. It is an Anglican church in the Diocese of Truro. Sancreed Parish church (Grade II Listed) lies at the heart of the village and is dedicated to St Sancredus. The" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Harry Stephen Keeler Harry Stephen Keeler (November 3, 1890 – January 22, 1967) was a prolific but little-known American author of mysteries and science fiction. Born in Chicago in 1890, Keeler spent his childhood exclusively in this city, which was so beloved by the author that a large number of his works took place in and around it. In many of his novels, Keeler refers to Chicago as \"the London of the west.\" The expression is explained in the opening of \"Thieves' Nights\" (1929): Here ... were seemingly the same hawkers ... selling the same goods ... here too was the confusion, the babble of tongues of many lands, the restless, shoving throng containing faces and features of a thousand racial castes, and last but not least, here on Halsted and Maxwell streets, Chicago, were the same dirt, flying bits of torn paper, and confusion that graced the junction of Middlesex and Whitechapel High streets far across the globe. Other locales for Keeler novels include New Orleans and New York. In his later works, Keeler's settings are often more generic settings such as Big River, or a city in which all buildings and streets are either nameless or fictional. Keeler is known to have visited London at least once. Keeler's mother was a widow several times over who operated a boarding house popular with theatrical performers. Beginning around age sixteen, Keeler wrote a steady stream of original short stories and serials that were subsequently published in many small pulp magazines of the day. He attended the Armour Institute (now the Illinois Institute of Technology), graduating with a degree in electrical engineering. When Keeler was about twenty, his mother committed him to an insane asylum for reasons unknown, thus fostering his interest in the insane, insane asylums and the sane who had been committed to such places, as well as a lifelong violent antipathy towards the psychiatric profession. After graduation, he took a job as an electrician in a steel mill, working by day and writing by night. One of Keeler's early works was the science fiction story \"John Jones' Dollar\", about a dollar invested, which grows to a vast sum due to compound interest over thousands of years. It was at this time that Keeler met his future wife, Hazel Goodwin, whom he married in 1919. Eight of Keeler's earliest works first appeared in pulp fiction magazines like \"Complete Novel\" and \"Top Notch\". His first four novels were originally released in England by Hutchinson, beginning in 1924, with \"The Voice of the Seven Sparrows\". Beginning in 1927, E. P. Dutton took over publication of Keeler's novels in the US. Between 1927 and 1942, Dutton would go on to release 37 novels by Keeler. In the United Kingdom, publication of Keeler's novels, sometimes with altered titles and reworked prose, fell to Ward Lock who went on to publish 48 novels by Keeler from 1929 to 1953. \"The Voice of the Seven Sparrows\" introduced audiences the world over to Keeler's complicated \"webwork\" story lines with wildly improbable in-story coincidences and sometimes sheerly baffling conclusions. Keeler's complex, labyrinthine stories mostly alienated his intended reading audience. Keeler's relations with the Duttons grew increasingly erratic and strained as his novels grew increasingly longer and correspondingly less and less popular. His 1941 novel \"The Peacock Fan\" appears to take a dig at the Duttons through a pair of faintly disguised characters, and in 1942 after releasing \"The Book with the Orange Leaves\" he was finally dropped by Dutton, although Ward Lock continued to issue his books in the United Kingdom until 1953. Because of his initial popularity with Dutton, however, Keeler began to gain some notoriety in the mid-1930s as a purveyor of new and original stories. His popularity peaked when his book \"Sing Sing Nights\" was used to \"suggest\" two different low-budget mystery/adventure films, \"Sing Sing Nights\" (Monogram Pictures, 1933) and \"The Mysterious Mr. Wong\" (Monogram, 1935), the latter of which starred screen legend Bela Lugosi. During this period Keeler was employed as an editor for \"Ten Story Book\", a popular pulp short-story magazine that also included photos of nude and scantily clad young women. Keeler proceeded to fill the spaces between the stories with his own peculiar brand of humor, as well as illustrations by his wife. (He also included frequent publicity for his own books.) In his later career, Keeler's fiction and writing style grew increasingly bizarre, often substituting action or plot with laboriously lengthy dialogues and diatribes between characters. These events led his American publisher, Dutton, to drop him in 1942. The next eleven years were difficult for Keeler, as his writing drifted even further beyond the norm and short stories written by his wife (a moderately successful writer herself) were found increasingly within his novels. Keeler typically padded the length of his novels with the following device: his protagonist would find a magazine or book, would open it randomly and discover a story. At this point, Keeler's novel would stop dead in its tracks and he would insert the complete verbatim text of one of his wife's short stories, this being the story his novel's protagonist was reading. At the end of the story, the novel would continue where it left off, several pages nearer to its contractual minimum word count. These stories-within-the-novel typically contained only a few scraps of information that were relevant to the novel in which they appeared. Keeler's novels were picked up by rental library publisher Phoenix Press, known in the business as the \"last stop on the publishing bus.\" By 1953, British publishers Ward Lock & Co printed their final Keeler novel, thus forcing the writer to pen his stories exclusively for an overseas market with stories often translated for publication in Spain and Portugal. Hazel died in 1960. Keeler, however, remarried in 1963 (to his onetime secretary Thelma Rinaldo), which rejuvenated his spirit for writing. Unfortunately, many of the new stories written by Keeler during this time went unpublished, including the relatively infamous \"The Scarlet Mummy\". Keeler died in Chicago four years later, in 1967. In 2005, The Collins Library (an imprint of McSweeney's) republished Keeler's 1934 classic, \"The Riddle of the Traveling Skull\", a project much pursued by writer and publisher Paul Collins. Most of Keeler's novels feature a \"webwork plot.\" This can be defined as a plot that includes many strands or threads (each thread representing a character or significant object), which intersect in complex causal interactions. A webwork novel typically ends with a surprise revelation that clarifies these interactions retrospectively. According to Keeler's 1927 series of articles on plot theory, \"The Mechanics (and Kinematics) of Web-Work Plot Construction,\" a webwork plot is typically built around a sequence in which the main character intersects at least four other strands, one after the other, and each of these encounters causes the next one. Keeler never claimed to have invented the webwork plot, but only to be its theorist and practitioner. Keeler followed a writing procedure of his own; he'd often write a huge manuscript, perhaps twice the length required. He'd then cut it down to size, removing unnecessary subplots and incidents. The removed material (which he called \"the Chunk\") would sit around until Keeler wrote another manuscript to use it – which might result in yet \"another\" cutting procedure, and \"another\" \"Chunk.\" In his book \"Thieves' Nights\", the hero reads a book which is about two other men telling stories: a framing device within a framing device. In another book, Keeler and his wife turn up as characters in a story. Keeler also kept a large file of newspaper clippings featuring unusual stories and incidents. He is reputed to have pasted these into the rough outlines of his novels, adding notes like \"Have this happen to. ... \"", "writing procedure of his own; he'd often write a huge manuscript, perhaps twice the length required. He'd then cut it down to size, removing unnecessary subplots and incidents. The removed material (which he called \"the Chunk\") would sit around until Keeler wrote another manuscript to use it – which might result in yet \"another\" cutting procedure, and \"another\" \"Chunk.\" In his book \"Thieves' Nights\", the hero reads a book which is about two other men telling stories: a framing device within a framing device. In another book, Keeler and his wife turn up as characters in a story. Keeler also kept a large file of newspaper clippings featuring unusual stories and incidents. He is reputed to have pasted these into the rough outlines of his novels, adding notes like \"Have this happen to. ... \" Keeler is known for the MacGuffin-esque insertion of skulls into nearly all his stories. While many plots revolved around a skull or the use of one in a crime or ritual, others featured skulls merely as a side diversion, including one case where a human skull was used as a paperweight on the desk of a police detective. Several of Keeler's novels make reference to a (fictitious) book titled \"The Way Out\", which is apparently a tome of ancient Oriental wisdom. The significance of the nonexistent \"Way Out\" in Keeler's universe is equivalent to the role played by the \"Necronomicon\" within H. P. Lovecraft's \"Cthulhu Mythos\". Keeler has influenced science fiction writers such as Neil Gaiman and \"Futurama\" producer Ken Keeler (no relation); Ken Keeler says in the DVD commentary for \"Time Keeps on Slippin'\" that the story \"Strange Romance\" from the book \"Y. Cheung, Business Detective\" was an inspiration for the episode. In the late 1930s, British writer John Russell Fearn gave credit to Keeler for inspiring his experiments with webwork plots in his pulp SF stories. Writer Jack Woodford wrote the article \"Tale Incredible: The True Story of Harry Stephen Keeler's Literary Rise\" about Keeler. Keeler's webwork technique anticipates the so-called hysterical realism of later novelists such as Thomas Pynchon. Gabriele Rico in \"Writing the Natural Way\" advises aspiring writers to practice a form of webwork, which she calls \"clustering\", to encourage associational thinking which can be used to create characters and plot lines. Films that exhibit probably unwitting similarities to Keeler's work include \"Murder Story\" (1989), in which Christopher Lee plays a Keeler-like character who keeps a large collection of newspaper clippings as part of his \"Willard Hope Technique\" for writing novels, which closely resembles Keeler's \"webwork novel\" technique. R. Kelly's series of music videos Trapped in the Closet shows a number of parallels to Keeler's style. In 2010, Harold S. Karstens published \"De Sciencefictionschrijver,\" a novel about one man's obsession with Keeler. The independent studio United Film House is planning to release \"The Flyer Hold-Up\" in 2015. This film is based on a Keeler short story, The Flyer Hold Up; or, The Mystery of Train Thirty-Eight, published in the Chicago Ledger in four parts from December 4–25, 1915. Tuddleton Trotter Series Marceau Series The Mysterious Mr. I Vagabond Nights Hallowe'en Nights Adventures of a Skull The Big River Trilogy Circus Series The Way Out Series Steeltown Series Quiribus Brown Series Hong Lei Chung Series Ramble House Series Harry Stephen Keeler Harry Stephen Keeler (November 3, 1890 – January 22, 1967) was a prolific but little-known American author of mysteries and science fiction. Born in Chicago in 1890, Keeler spent his childhood exclusively in this city, which was so beloved by the author that a large number of his works took place in and around it. In many of his novels, Keeler refers to Chicago as \"the London of the west.\" The expression is explained in the opening of \"Thieves' Nights\" (1929): Here ... were seemingly the same hawkers ... selling the same" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Gay Gordons (dance) The Gay Gordons is a popular dance at cèilidhs and other kinds of informal and social dance in Scotland. It is an \"old-time\" dance, of a type popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, in which every couple dances the same steps, usually in a circle around the room. The name alludes to a Scottish regiment, the Gordon Highlanders. In \" Old Time Dancing\" published in 1949 Englishman Victor Silvester states that \"The Gay Gordons\" was created between WWI and WWII and was part of a wider craze for march-style dances (such as the Dinkey One Step). In an article published in the Folk Dance Problem Solver historian Ron Houston failed to trace an earlier reference to this dance . A standard ceilidh instruction: Repeat ad lib. In order to make the dance progressive, the ladies may leave their partners between bars 12-13 and move to the partner before them in the circle. For Scottish country dancers, the grip in the first eight bars is allemande hold. A live demonstration was performed by the Royal Scottish Country Dancing Society in 2007. Gay Gordons (dance) The Gay Gordons is a popular dance at cèilidhs and other" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Private carrier A private carrier is a company that transports only its own goods. The carrier's primary business is not transportation. Private carriers may refuse to sell their services at their own discretion, whereas common carriers must treat all customers equally. Some corporations mix both systems, using common carriers and private carriage in what is called a blended operation. Private carriage usually refers to trucking, but is also found in rail and water transportation, as well as communication. Private carriage is distinguished from independent carrier, which is an individual owner-operator or trucker who may make deals with private carriers, common carriers, contract carriers, or others as he or she wishes. Private carrier may also refer to communication or communication services. Certain frequencies which are restricted to use by law enforcement are sometimes called \"private carriers\". Station class codes beginning with FB6 or FB7 are private carriers. In the telecommunications industry, defining \"private carrier\" and \"common carrier\" has become increasingly difficult with the growth of mobile phone service providers, VOIP, and other non-traditional means of delivering communication services. Private carrier A private carrier is a company that transports only its own goods. The carrier's primary business is not transportation. Private carriers" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Internal Quest Terry Booker (born July 4, 1985), professionally known as Internal Quest, is an American rapper from Newark, New Jersey. He began rapping in the early 2000s. He has worked with notable hip-hop artists such as El Da Sensei, Sadat X, Craig G and Trick-Trick Terry Booker (born July 4, 1985 in Newark, New Jersey), professionally known as Internal Quest is an audio engineer, music producer, and youth mentor. He began his career in the Barringer High School marching band, producing for local artists and competing in area beat battles and talent shows. Internal Quest attended the Institute of Audio Research in New York City graduating with high honors. In 2010, he became the lead engineer and general manager of Jersey Sound Lab Recordings based in Newark, NJ. Internal Quest calls his sound, style and delivery of his music as, “Hip-Hop: With a little innovation.” Internal Quest gained notoriety when he collaborated with Sydney, Australia based DJ “Nino Brown” in 2010 where they released “Flight 973 to Sydney”, an international Mix CD that reached the United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, Canada, and Australia. \"Flight 973 to Sydney\" featured a remixed single “Where We @?” with Bahraini former auto racing driver, Hamad Al Fardan that gained underground success due to its diverse mix of six artists from five countries. Universal Records Australia DJ Nino Brown was impressed with \"Flight 973 to Sydney\" which led to a production credit on his Blazin' 2011 3-disk compilation. The compilation also featured Internal Quest as a rapper on Prinnie Stevens single \"Lion\". Internal Quest has since went on to release several singles, an album and features within underground hip hop. His latest Release \"Fade Away\" (2018) was featured on \"Fresh Finds\" Spotify Editorial Playlist Internal Quest Terry Booker (born July 4, 1985), professionally known as" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Chynadiyovo Chynadiyovo (Ukrainian: Чинадієвe, Чинадієво; Rusyn: Чинадійово; Hungarian: \"Szentmiklós\", Russian: Чинадиево, Slovak: Činadno) is an urban-type settlement in Mukacheve Raion of Zakarpattia Oblast, Ukraine. It stands in the Latorica River valley, 10 km from the town of Mukacheve. Population: . The town took its Hungarian name from the church of St. Nicholas (Szentmiklós). Its history can be traced to the 13th century. King Béla IV presented the area to his son-in-law, Rostislav Mikhailovich, in 1247. It changed hands many times in the 14th century. Péter Perényi, who owned Szentmiklós in the early 15th century, commenced building a castle. It suffered serious damage at the hands of Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski's forces in 1657. The surviving edifice is the upshot of Francis I Rákóczi's rebuilding campaign. After the defeat of Rákóczi's War for Independence Emperor Charles VI gave Mukacheve and Chynadiyovo to Archbishop Lothar Franz von Schönborn. A year later it passed to his nephew, Bishop Friedrich Karl von Schönborn-Buchheim. The Schönborn era continued in Chynadiyovo well into the 20th century. The Mukachevo-Chynadiyovo estate was one of the largest in Eastern Europe. As of 1731, the estate comprised 200 villages and 4 towns, covering an area of some 2,400 km. The town's most striking landmark is the hunting lodge of the Schönborns, originally built of timber, but rebuilt as a large country residence to a fanciful revivalist design in the 1890s. Chynadiyovo Chynadiyovo (Ukrainian: Чинадієвe, Чинадієво; Rusyn: Чинадійово; Hungarian: \"Szentmiklós\", Russian: Чинадиево, Slovak: Činadno) is an urban-type settlement in Mukacheve Raion of Zakarpattia Oblast, Ukraine. It stands in the Latorica River valley, 10 km from the town of Mukacheve. Population: . The town took its Hungarian name from the church of St. Nicholas (Szentmiklós). Its history can be traced to the 13th century. King Béla IV presented the area to his son-in-law," ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Procilia gens The gens Procilia, sometimes written Procillia, was a minor plebeian family at ancient Rome. Members of this gens are first mentioned during the final century of the Republic, but few of them obtained any position of importance in the Roman state, and they are best known as a result of the historian Procillius, a contemporary of Cicero, whose work has been lost, but who was cited as a source by the Roman antiquarians. The Procilii may have come from Lanuvium, an ancient city of Latium. A coin issued by the Procilii appears to allude to such an origin, depicting Juno Sospita, whose worship was centered on Lanuvium. The nomen \"Procilius\", sometimes spelled with a double 'l', belongs to a common class of gentilicia derived from names ending in the diminutive suffix '-ulus'. In this case, the name is a patronymic surname derived from the old praenomen \"Proculus\", which Festus reported was originally given to a child born when his father was far from home, although the name has the appearance of a diminutive of some other word or name, such as \"procus\", a suitor, or perhaps more likely \"procer\", a prince. \"Proca\", another possibility, was the name of one of the legendary Kings of Alba Longa, Rome's mother city in story and song, and may be the root form of the name, perhaps with the same meaning as \"procer\". In later times, \"Proculus\" was widely used as a surname, and gave rise to the diminutive cognomen \"Procillus\", with which \"Procilius\" is easily confused. Procilia gens The gens Procilia, sometimes written Procillia, was a minor plebeian family at ancient Rome. Members of this gens are first mentioned during the final century of the Republic, but few of them obtained any position of importance in the Roman state, and they" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Juraj Vaculík Juraj Vaculík has over twenty years’ experience of working as a leader with very broad experiences from political revolution to international media and advertising industry. In 2010, Juraj co-founded AeroMobil and manages the company as its CEO. He also acts as an angel investor with investments into successful start-up projects in the media content, IT, and alternative transport sectors throughout Europe and the US. During Velvet Revolution in 1989 which ends communist era in former Czechoslovakia Juraj Vaculík was one of the key persons in Student Movement which has started process of democratization and established new post-revolution government in Slovakia. At the beginning of the 90’s he started his career as a creative director for major global advertising agencies which started their operations in Czech and Slovak republics. In 1996 Juraj founded MADE BY VACULIK - one of the leading independent advertising agencies in the CEE region, extending its reach to over 30 countries. In 2010 Juraj co-founded AeroMobil and manages the company as its CEO. In 2013, together with the inventor and co-founder Stefan Klein, he unveiled the pre-prototype of AeroMobil 2.5 at the SAE Conference in Montreal. A year later, an experimental prototype of AeroMobil 3.0 was developed under his lead with the team of 12 people and presented at the Pioneers festival in Vienna. At the beginning of 2015, AeroMobil successfully attracted the attention of visitors and potential customers at the most prestigious supercars show, Top Marques Monaco alongside the prestigious sports vehicles from around the world. Later in June, AeroMobil was presented at the Founders Forum event in the UK, where it caught the attention of many visitors and the Financial Times. In October, the public experienced the prototype at the EXPO in Milan, where it was part of the Slovak exposition. Renowned magazine, Popular Science, presented AeroMobil with Invention of the Year 2015 award and UK edition od Wired magazine ranked the project among the top 10 rule breakers in 2014r. Juraj Vaculík Juraj Vaculík has over twenty years’ experience of working as a leader with very broad experiences from political revolution to international media and advertising industry. In 2010, Juraj co-founded AeroMobil and manages the company as its CEO. He also acts as an angel investor with investments into successful start-up projects in the media content, IT, and alternative transport sectors throughout Europe and the US. During Velvet Revolution in 1989 which" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Peter Crill Sir Peter Leslie Crill (February 1, 1925 – October 3, 2005) was Bailiff of Jersey from 1986 to 1991. Crill attended Victoria College, Jersey between 1932 and 1943. He started work, during the German occupation of Jersey, for the law firm Crill and Benest, where his father was a partner. As a young man, he was one of the few people who successfully escaped from German-occupied Jersey during the Second World War. With two friends he retrieved the family’s dinghy from store, hiding it while it was made seaworthy. They set out at 8.15pm at the end of the first week in November 1944, choosing a place where they knew the nearest German guard was at least away (there were some 13,000 German troops garrisoning 26,000 islanders). The danger was that if they failed to get far enough out to sea, they would simply be carried round the island by the tide and spotted at daylight. Rowing out through a heavy swell till they could safely start the engine, they soon had to stop, to go to the aid of a second boat behind them. When the engine would not restart, they put up a small sail, but lost the compass in a squall an hour later. With the sea too rough to sail, they allowed the boat to drift, feeling thoroughly seasick after years ashore. Soon after dawn, the tide began to carry them away from land. Finally, they restarted the motor and landed safely at Agon-Coutainville near Coutances. From France, Crill crossed to England. He later wrote of the escape 'With hindsight we achieved very little except to confirm through the memorandum of the then Bailiff, Mr A.M. Coutanche, the state of the Island as regards food and heating. Coutanche had prepared a memorandum about the problems facing the Island and had handed it to the German authorities. It contained courageously a hint that if they failed to fulfil their obligations under the Geneva Convention that might be something to be levelled against them after the war'. He read modern history at Exeter College, Oxford and in 1949 was called to the bar in Jersey. At the age of 26, he was elected to the States of Jersey as a Deputy for St Clement from 1951 to 1958. During this period he was President of the Legislation Committee and was responsible for introducing examinations for candidates seeking to become Jersey advocates and solicitors. In 1960, he was elected as a Senator. In 1962, Crill resigned from elected office to take up the post of HM Solicitor General. He became HM Attorney General in 1969, and led the prosecution of Edward Paisnel. He was appointed Deputy Bailiff in 1974 and then succeed Sir Frank Ereaut as Bailiff of Jersey in January 1986. Among the trials he presided over in the Royal Court was that of the murders of Nicholas and Elizabeth Newell. As Bailiff of Jersey, he was ex officio a member of the Guernsey Court of Appeal. As a judge of that court in 1996, his comment that 'A conscientious mason will, if anything, bring to the office of jurat another degree of probity that will enhance not detract from that office' was reported in the national press. He was said to have 'enjoyed the theatricality of the part of bailiff—the elaborate costumes, the steely gaze—and was often seen as a little grandiose and distant'. A senior Jersey politician said 'He was always very dignified in office, a great traditionalist'. Another that 'A man who appeared to have a tough exterior, Sir Peter also had a great capacity to be hurt as he was on several occasions during his time as Bailiff'. In the early 1990s, Crill faced one of the toughest challenges of his career in handling 'the Tomes affair', which ultimately led to the United Kingdom Home Secretary Kenneth Clarke removing the Deputy Bailiff Vernon Tomes from office in 1992. Sir Peter received complaints from lawyers and the Jersey Law Society about Tomes' delays in producing reserved judgments. Prior to their appointments as Crown Officers, Crill and Tomes had been partners in the same legal practice. In 1990, the then Home Secretary David Waddington gave Mr Tomes six months to clear a backlog in judgment writing and in October 1991, Kenneth Baker gave him a further three months to rectify the delays. In March 1992, a senior home office official gave Tomes seven days to resign, prompting a delegation of Jersey politicians to travel to the Home Office to protest and a reversal of that ultimatum. In May 1992, however, Tomes was finally told he would be removed from office with effect on 1 July 1992, provoking a demonstration of 1,000 people in his support. Tomes was reported as saying that 'Sir Peter Crill has been the sole instigator behind this. I have warned him he will have no rest while he remains in office because I am determined now to enter the States and change the constitution'. Sir Peter \"called for the people of Jersey to consider the situation calmly\". In 1993, Tomes successfully stood for elected office as a Senator in the States of Jersey but failed to bring about any constitutional reforms. Sir Peter's outlook was socially conservative. While serving as Bailiff, he wrote letters in a personal capacity to \"The Times\" expressing disquiet about aspects of the changing world, including the campaign to admit women members to the Oxford and Cambridge Club in London and proposals to give degree-awarding powers to polytechnics. As Bailiff, Sir Peter, with the assistance of an advisory panel, exercised powers to license public entertainment in the island. He refused permission for a visiting amateur theatre group to perform Howard Brenton's play \"Christie in Love\" and required changes to the staging of a production of Shakespeare's \"Coriolanus\" by the Tricycle Theatre Company to prevent an actor's naked buttocks being visible to the audience. On several occasions, however, 'he suggested that the role of chief censor should not lie with him, but should be at taken on by the elected members of the States'. Crill was knighted in 1987 and made KBE in 1995. In 1994, the refurbished wing of the former nurses' home in Gloucester Street, St Helier was renamed 'Peter Crill House'. In 1997, he was awarded an honorary LLD degree by the University of Buckingham. Crill married Gail Dodd, a doctor, in 1953. They had three daughters. His pastimes included amateur dramatics, yachting and supporting Jersey's draghunt. Following his retirement in 1995, he was active in organizations promoting the culture of Jersey, including the Société Jersiaise and the Jersey Arts Centre. A practising Christian, from 1957 he sang in St Helier Church Chior and later Trinity Church. He was received into the Catholic Church in July 1995. His activities in latter years were curtailed by the onset of motor neurone disease. An autobiography entitled \"A Little Brief Authority: A Memoir\" was privately published shortly after his death, causing some controversy. Peter Crill Sir Peter Leslie Crill (February 1, 1925 – October 3, 2005) was Bailiff of Jersey from 1986 to 1991. Crill attended Victoria College, Jersey between 1932 and 1943. He started work, during" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Little Cottonwood Creek (Salt Lake County, Utah) Little Cottonwood Creek is one of the principal streams entering Salt Lake Valley from the east rises near the summit of the Wasatch Mountains a short distance south of the ski resort town of Alta and flows in a westerly direction through Little Cottonwood Canyon until it emerges into Salt Lake Valley about eleven miles from its source thence its course is north westerly through Sandy, Midvale and Murray, Utah until it empties into the Jordan River about six miles south of Salt Lake City. Its whole length is nearly twenty seven miles. The headwaters of Little Cottonwood Creek are in Little Cottonwood Canyon, a glaciated canyon in Uinta-Wasatch-Cache National Forest and the Wasatch and Uinta Mountains eco-region. One of the main tributaries of the creek rises in Cecret Lake a small sheet of water situated near Alta. The entire Little Cottonwood Creek drainage basin encompasses 46 mi, ranging in altitude from about 4,490 to 11,500 ft. Communities were founded around the creek soon after pioneer settlement of Salt Lake Valley in 1847 and supported agricultural activities. Following the discovery of gold, silver, copper, and lead in nearby canyons in the 1870s, ore-refining activities brought an influx of people to these communities. During the mid- to late 1900s, residential land use replaced agriculture as the dominant land-use type in the lower Little Cottonwood Creek drainage basin as the population of Salt Lake Valley expanded. Land cover upstream from the mouth of Little Cottonwood Canyon is 60 percent forest land and 33 percent rangeland. The watershed in Little Cottonwood Canyon is protected as a drinking water source but receives extensive recreational use. The urbanized part of the Little Cottonwood Creek drainage basin includes that part from the mouth of Little Cottonwood Canyon to the confluence with the Jordan River. The stream provides electrical power generation for Murray City. The first legitimate mining operation in Little Cottonwood Canyon was established in 1865. The ore deposits in Little Cottonwood Canyon yielded principally silver and lead with some copper, gold, and zinc. These ore deposits were formed mainly in shale, limestone, and dolomite. Galena or lead sulfide was the common primary lead mineral of the area. Argentite was found in most of the primary ores and was probably an abundant primary silver mineral. Ore production varied with time because of the nature of the deposits and the scattered control of holdings. The 1870s were especially productive, when rich deposits were mined. A number of smelters operated along Little Cottonwood Creek during the 1870s. Smelting operations produced a variety of by-products that included arsenic, matte, arsenical speiss, and slag. Past mining activities and ore-smelting operations continue to influence the water chemistry of the stream. Mine and smelter tailings in the Little Cottonwood Creek drainage basin can contribute trace metals to the stream. Metals from fluvial tailings deposits in the stream can be re-suspended and dissolved in the stream. Currently, the greatest threat to the streams ecosystem is pesticides from residential run-off. The hydrology of the urbanized reach of Little Cottonwood Creek is highly variable and complex because of the canals and diversion structures utilized by different water users. Source water for the urban reach of Little Cottonwood Creek varies spatially and seasonally. Sources include snowmelt, storm water, ground water, irrigation return, and water imported from the Jordan River. The effect that each of these sources has on stream quality varies seasonally and with stream flow. About 85 percent of the runoff at the mouth of Little Cottonwood Creek was from snowmelt. The flood stage for the urban waterways is 5.7 feet. Notable flooding is rare, with significant flooding in 1983 and as recently as the summer of 2010, when the waterline was 6.3 feet above bank level. The Utah Division of Wildlife Resources stock the creek with 1000 trout yearly. The trout are primarily rainbow and Bonneville cutthroat trout. As the higher elevations of the creek still are affected by early mining operations there is little carry over from each year’s stocking. Little Cottonwood Creek (Salt Lake County, Utah) Little Cottonwood Creek is one of the principal streams entering Salt Lake Valley from the east rises near the" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Lintao County Lintao County ) is administratively under the control of Dingxi, Gansu province. The county is located mostly on the right (eastern) bank of the Tao River, a right tributary of the Yellow River. It borders with Lanzhou in the northeast, with Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture in the west, and with other parts of Dingxi Prefecture-level City in the east and south. The county seat of Lintao County is in Taoyang Town (); as it is usually the case with Chinese county seats, this is the location that most less-detailed maps label as \"Lintao County\" or simply \"Lintao\". Until the 20th century, Lintao was known as Didao (). The Battle of Didao was fought in the area in 255 CE, during the Three Kingdoms era. In the 8th century, an anonymous poet of the Tang Dynasty places Chinese General Geshu Han, battling the Tibetans, at the gates of Lintao. Located at an important Tao River crossing, Didao City (i.e., today's Taoyang Town) was an important trade center during the Northern Song Dynasty (ca. 11-12th century), when the more northern route of the Silk Route was blocked by the Xi Xia state. It is known to have been home to hundreds of foreign merchants at the time, some of whom may have been the ancestors of today's Hui people of Gansu. China National Highway 212 (which, in this area, is simultaneously designated as China National Highway 212) crosses the county from the north to the south, on its way from Lanzhou to south-eastern Gansu. Most of the section of this highway within Lintao County has now been converted to an expressway, designated G75 (Lanhai Expressway). Lintao County Lintao County ) is administratively under the control of Dingxi, Gansu province. The county is located mostly on the right (eastern) bank of" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Friday the 13th Part VIII: Jason Takes Manhattan Friday the 13th Part VIII: Jason Takes Manhattan is a 1989 American slasher film written and directed by Rob Hedden, and starring Jensen Daggett, Scott Reeves, Peter Mark Richman, and Kane Hodder. It is the eighth installment in the \"Friday the 13th\" film series and follows Jason Voorhees stalking a group of high school graduates on a ship en route to, and later in, New York City. It was the last film in the series to be distributed by Paramount Pictures in the United States until 2009, with the subsequent installments being distributed by New Line Cinema. The film, like several of its predecessors, was intended to be the final film in the series. Filming took place primarily in Vancouver, British Columbia, with additional photography in New York City's Times Square and in Los Angeles. At the time of its production, \"Jason Takes Manhattan\" was the most expensive film in the series, with a budget of around $5 million. It received substantial attention for its initial marketing campaign, featuring Jason Voorhees slashing through the \"I Love New York\" logo with a knife, which was later retracted after the New York City Tourism committee filed a complaint against Paramount Pictures. Released on July 28, 1989, the film grossed $14.3 million at the U.S. box office, which was the lowest gross of the series at that time, second-lowest U.S. gross in the series to date. The film received both criticism and praise from critics for its implementation of humor, while others deemed it the worst film in the series thus far. It was followed by \"\", released in 1993. Two graduating high school students are aboard a houseboat on Crystal Lake. Jim tells his girlfriend Suzy the legend of Jason Voorhees, before playing a prank on her with a hockey mask and a prop knife. The boat's anchor damages some underwater cables, which shocks Jason's corpse and revives him. He sneaks on board, takes the mask, and kills Jim with a harpoon gun before impaling Suzy, who tries to hide from him, with a barb. The next morning, the \"SS Lazarus\" is ready to set sail for New York City with a graduating senior class from Lakeview High School, chaperoned by biology teacher Dr. Charles McCulloch and English teacher Colleen Van Deusen. Van Deusen brings McCulloch's niece Rennie along for the trip despite her aquaphobia, much to his chagrin. Jason sneaks on board and kills rock star-wannabe J.J. with her guitar before hiding. That night, a young boxer who lost to champion Julius Gaw is killed when Jason slams a hot sauna rock into his abdomen while Rennie, searching for her pet Border Collie Toby, discovers prom queen Tamara and Eva doing drugs. McCulloch nearly catches them moments later and Tamara pushes Rennie overboard, suspecting she told on them. She uses video student Wayne to record McCulloch in a compromising situation with her but rejects Wayne's advances afterward. Jason kills Tamara with a shard of broken mirror as she showers. Rennie sees visions of a young Jason throughout the ship, but the others ignore the deckhand's warnings. Jason kills Captain Robertson and his first mate. Rennie's boyfriend and Captain Robertson's son, Sean, discovers them and tells the others before calling for an emergency stop. Eva finds Tamara's body and flees; in that moment she meets Jason, who chases her. Eva enters the disco room and finds all doors locked, where Jason enters and violently strangles her to death before throwing her violently onto the dance floor. The students agree to search for Jason while McCulloch decides that the deckhand is responsible; however, the deckhand is found with a fire axe in his back. Jason tosses student Miles to his death, and Julius is knocked overboard. In the hold of the ship, Wayne comes upon J.J.'s body and is thrown into an electrical box by Jason; his corpse catches fire and causes the ship to sink. With the other students dead, McCulloch, Van Deusen, Rennie, and Sean escape aboard a life raft and discover Toby and Julius are alive. They row to New York where Jason stalks them through the streets. Rennie is kidnapped by a pair of junkies, and the group splits up to find help. Julius fights Jason but becomes exhausted after Jason does not go down; he is then decapitated by a single punch from Jason. Rennie escapes from Jason when he kills the punks that kidnapped her. She runs into Sean, and they reunite with the teachers and the police before Jason kills the officer who is helping them. Rennie crashes a police car after a vision of Jason distracts her. Van Deusen is incinerated in the car when it explodes, and it is revealed that McCulloch is responsible for Rennie's fear of water, having pushed her into the lake as a child. They leave him behind, and Jason drowns him in a barrel of waste. Jason chases Rennie and Sean into the subway. Sean incapacitates Jason by knocking him onto the electrical third rail. When Jason revives, he chases them through Times Square, where they try to escape through a diner. They flee into the sewers and encounter a sewer worker. He warns them that the sewers will be flooded with toxic waste at midnight before Jason appears and kills him. Sean is injured, and Rennie draws Jason off, wounding him with a splash of acidic waste. Jason is forced to take off his mask, horrifying Rennie. She and Sean climb the ladder as Jason staggers to get them. Just as he is about to kill them, the sewers flood and engulf him. Rennie sees a final vision of a child-form of Jason as the waste recedes. The two escape to the street, where they are reunited with Toby, who had run away earlier, and walk off into the city. After the disappointing box-office gross of \"\" (1988), director John Carl Buechler began developing a follow-up which reprised the character of Tina Shepard again facing off against Jason Voorhees after her release from an insane asylum. Meanwhile, Lar Park Lincoln, who had portrayed Tina Shepard, co-wrote (with her husband) an alternative screenplay which had Tina working as a psychologist for troubled girls. Lincoln's co-star in \"The New Blood\", Kevin Spirtas, also wrote a screenplay which recast the events of \"The New Blood\" into a long dream, with his character as the killer. Paramount, however, opted to assign the project of a follow-up to writer-director Rob Hedden, marking his debut feature. A former employee of Universal Studios, Hedden strove to devise a screenplay in which the antagonist, Jason Voorhees, would travel outside of the setting of Camp Crystal Lake, the primary location of the previous seven films. \"The biggest thing we could do with Jason is to get him out of that stupid lake where he's been hanging out,\" Hedden said. One of Hedden's original ideas was to set the film solely aboard a cruise ship with Jason hiding in the lower levels, described by Hedden as \"a little bit of \"Das Boot\" and a little bit of \"Aliens\", with a claustrophobic feeling storm at sea and that sort of stuff.\" The alternate concept was to place Voorhees in a large city, such as New York. Hedden commented: \"Everything about New York was going to be completely exploited and milked. There was going to be a tremendous scene on the Brooklyn Bridge. A boxing match in Madison Square Garden. Jason would go through department stores. He'd go through Times Square. He'd go into a Broadway play. He'd even crawl onto the top of the Statue of Liberty and dive off.\" Ultimately, after receiving approval from Paramount Pictures of both concepts, Hedden decided to combine them, with the first act of the film occurring aboard a ship, and the second on the streets of Manhattan. This decision was mainly due to budgetary restrictions from Paramount, as filming exclusively in New York City cost more than the studio was willing to spend. In addition to the shift in setting, Hedden stated he wanted to examine the character of Jason Voorhees as a child, which appears in the film in the form of hallucinations experienced by", "scene on the Brooklyn Bridge. A boxing match in Madison Square Garden. Jason would go through department stores. He'd go through Times Square. He'd go into a Broadway play. He'd even crawl onto the top of the Statue of Liberty and dive off.\" Ultimately, after receiving approval from Paramount Pictures of both concepts, Hedden decided to combine them, with the first act of the film occurring aboard a ship, and the second on the streets of Manhattan. This decision was mainly due to budgetary restrictions from Paramount, as filming exclusively in New York City cost more than the studio was willing to spend. In addition to the shift in setting, Hedden stated he wanted to examine the character of Jason Voorhees as a child, which appears in the film in the form of hallucinations experienced by Rennie Wickham, the heroine. To conceal the fact that it was a \"Friday the 13th\" film, the initial working script circulated under the title \"Ashes to Ashes.\" Actress Jensen Daggett was cast as the lead of Rennie Wickham, beating out Elizabeth Berkley and Pamela Anderson for the role. Scott Reeves was cast in the role of Sean Robertson at the last minute after the producers felt the previously-cast actor had no sexual chemistry with Daggett. The film marked the feature debut of actress Kelly Hu. Peter Mark Richman was cast in the film as Charles McCulloch, the students' teacher and Rennie's uncle. The film was shot at seven locations in the United States, though the primary filming locations were in British Columbia, Canada, particularly Vancouver. The alleyway scenes were shot in Los Angeles. After filming wrapped in Los Angeles, the rest of the film was shot on locations in New York City, including Times Square. The Times Square sequences were shot while pedestrian onlookers observed the scenes, and attracted numerous \"Friday the 13th\" fans. Kane Hodder, who portrayed Jason, recalled pointing at one fan in-between takes, after which she fainted. According to Hedden, the cost of production in New York City was not feasible given the film's budget, which is why large portions of it were shot elsewhere. The budget for the film was estimated at around $5 million. At the time, it was the most expensive film produced in the series. The film's musical score was composed by Fred Mollin, who worked with longtime \"Friday the 13th\" series composer Harry Manfredini on the previous installment. \"Jason Takes Manhattan\" was the first film in the series not to feature Manfredini credited on the score. On September 27, 2005, BSX records released a limited edition CD of Fred Mollin's \"Friday the 13th Part VII\" and \"VIII\" scores. The song \"The Darkest Side of the Night\" performed by Metropolis plays over the opening and ending credits to the film. Rob Hedden specifically wanted them to write a song reminiscent of Robert Plant. The song would not see an official release until the year 2000 on the album \"The Power of the Night\". The song \"Broken Dream\" which J.J. jams along to on her electric guitar was written by Mollin and Stan Meissner and features Terri Crawford on vocals. The instrumental \"J.J's Blues\" was written by Meissner. The 2 songs remain popular among fans and when a fan inquired to Meissner about whether they can be released he responded that no complete versions of the songs were ever recorded as they were never intended for release outside the film. Despite this a longer instrumental version of the track plays during the club scene in Forever Knight Season 1 Episode 1 (1992). In promotion for the film, Paramount Pictures began an advertising campaign featuring Jason slashing through the \"I Love New York\" logo, which was featured on the original movie poster. Though the poster was distributed, it was later replaced after Vincent Tese of the New York state economic development committee filed a complaint against Paramount Pictures for unauthorized use of the \"I Love New York\" logo. Paramount issued a replacement poster, which featured an image of Jason looming over the New York City skyline. \"Friday the 13th Part VIII: Jason Takes Manhattan\" was released July 28, 1989 in the United States. The film entered the box office at number 5 for the weekend with earnings of $6.2 million. The film faced strong competition at the time of its release from such high-profile genre fare as \"\", and was considered one of the biggest disappointments at the summer box office. Ultimately, it would go on to gross a total of $14.3 million at the U.S. box office, ranking at number 70 on the list of the year's Top 100 earners. Chris Willman of the \"Los Angeles Times\" commended the film's \"funny ad campaign,\" but deemed it \"a real dunghill of a major motion picture ... Satirical potential is rife, to be sure, with Jason coming to the biggest of big cities, only to have his mere homicidal monstrousness dwarfed by the real-life horrors of drugs, rape, homelessness, disease, despair, and all-around urban decay, all of it unrealized in a script as witless and willfully imbecilic as any of the preceding seven.\" The \"New York Daily News\" criticized the film for \"grossly underutilizing its promising premise,\" but noted that it \"should please \"Friday\" fanatics and shapes up as a marginally watchable fright item for the genre's more demanding fans.\" Desmond Ryan of the \"Asbury Park Press\" wrote: \"Common sense should tell you to skip this film,\" adding that the characters are \"so dumb in the face of mortal peril that one questions how they ever got past second grade.\" The \"Philadelphia Daily News\"s Gary Thompson, however, gave the film a favorable review, writing: \"The movie is gory and conventional, but the change of scenery and occasional dashes of humor make this one, well, a cut above the others in this uninspired series ... The joke is that in New York, the largest gathering place for weirdos on the East Coast, Jason is just one of the crowd.\" Malcolm Johnson of the \"Hartford Courant\" deemed the film a \"snoozer\" and criticized its implementation of humor, noting: \"Possibly, the pubescent lads who somehow manage to slip through the R-rating guardians will discover its humor. To non-cultists, however, \"Part VIII\" is a clumsy reworking of the formula, the mystique of deep, murky, evil Crystal Lake.\" Mike Dembs of the \"Detroit Free Press\" awarded the film a zero-star rating, writing: \"Make no bones about it, this is the worst of the bunch. Even fans of the \"Friday the 13th\" movies will be disappointed.\" \"The Atlanta Constitution\"s Eleanor Ringel noted that the film \"isn't in the least bit scary and is only intermittently gory. It is, however, often quite funny, intentionally or not.\" She also criticized the film due the fact that a significant portion of it took place aboard a boat as opposed to in Manhattan, a sentiment echoed by Betsy Sherman of \"The Boston Globe\", who wrote that the film \"should have been called \"Jason Takes a Cruise\".\" Film critic Leonard Maltin, however, gave the film a more positive review, awarding the film 2 out of 4 stars and calling it the best in the series. Maltin complimented the film's imaginative direction but criticized the film's running time as being too long. On his commentary track for the film in the box set, director Rob Hedden acknowledges the faults and agrees that more of the film should have been set in Manhattan, citing budgetary and schedule problems. Paramount Home Video released the film on VHS on September 28, 1994. A standard DVD without bonus materials was released by Paramount on September 3, 2002. In October 2004, a box set, \"Crystal Lake to Manhattan\", was released, featuring \"Jason Takes Manhattan\" alongside the previous seven \"Friday the 13th\" films. This release featured an audio commentary with writer-director Hedden. A standalone \"deluxe edition\" DVD was subsequently released in September 2009, featuring Hedden's commentary, a making-of documentary, a gag reel, and deleted sequences. Paramount issued a double-feature Blu-ray on September 8,", "for the film in the box set, director Rob Hedden acknowledges the faults and agrees that more of the film should have been set in Manhattan, citing budgetary and schedule problems. Paramount Home Video released the film on VHS on September 28, 1994. A standard DVD without bonus materials was released by Paramount on September 3, 2002. In October 2004, a box set, \"Crystal Lake to Manhattan\", was released, featuring \"Jason Takes Manhattan\" alongside the previous seven \"Friday the 13th\" films. This release featured an audio commentary with writer-director Hedden. A standalone \"deluxe edition\" DVD was subsequently released in September 2009, featuring Hedden's commentary, a making-of documentary, a gag reel, and deleted sequences. Paramount issued a double-feature Blu-ray on September 8, 2015, featuring the film paired with its predecessor, \"\". \"Jason Takes Manhattan\" was subsequently included in two separate Blu-ray sets: First in 2013's \"Friday the 13th: The Complete Collection\", which included every film in the series, along with the 2009 remake; and again in 2018 in \"The Ultimate Collection\", which included the first eight Paramount-owned films only. In 2007, \"Entertainment Weekly\" labeled \"Jason Takes Manhattan\" the eighth-worst sequel ever made. In 2018, Scott Meslow of \"GQ\" wrote that the film was among the \"most stylish\" in the \"Friday the 13th\" series, adding: Friday the 13th Part VIII: Jason Takes Manhattan Friday the 13th Part VIII: Jason Takes Manhattan is a 1989 American slasher film written and directed by Rob Hedden, and starring Jensen Daggett, Scott Reeves, Peter Mark Richman," ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Santos Acosta Manuel María de los Santos Acosta Castillo (November 1, 1828–January 9, 1901) was a Colombian General and political figure. He served as the president of Colombia from 1867 until 1868. Acosta was born in Miraflores, Boyacá, on November 1, 1828. He died in Bogotá on January 9, 1901. Although Acosta studied and graduated in medicine, he did not practice this profession. Rather, he pursued military and political careers. He was elected several times as MP, both to the House of Representatives and the Senate. Santos Acosta was one of the main players during the constitutional reform of 1853. In 1867, Congress elected Acosta as second Vice-President. Congress had also elected Santos Gutiérrez as first Vice-President and Joaquín Riascos as third Vice-President. Santos Acosta Manuel María de los Santos Acosta Castillo (November 1, 1828–January 9, 1901) was a Colombian General and political figure. He served as the president of Colombia from 1867 until 1868. Acosta was born in Miraflores, Boyacá, on November 1, 1828. He died in Bogotá on January 9, 1901. Although Acosta studied and graduated in medicine, he did not practice this profession. Rather, he pursued military and political careers. He was elected several times as MP," ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "2004 College Baseball All-America Team An All-American team is an honorary sports team composed of the best amateur players of a specific season for each team position—who in turn are given the honorific \"All-America\" and typically referred to as \"All-American athletes\", or simply \"All-Americans\". Although the honorees generally do not compete together as a unit, the term is used in U.S. team sports to refer to players who are selected by members of the national media. Walter Camp selected the first All-America team in the early days of American football in 1889. The NCAA recognizes four different All-America selectors for the 2004 college baseball season: the American Baseball Coaches Association (since 1947), \"Baseball America\" (since 1981), \"Collegiate Baseball\" (since 1991), and the National Collegiate Baseball Writers Association (since 2001). 2004 College Baseball All-America Team An All-American team is an honorary sports team composed of the best amateur players of a specific season for each team position—who in turn are given the honorific \"All-America\" and typically referred to as \"All-American athletes\", or simply \"All-Americans\". Although the honorees generally do not compete together as a unit, the term is used in U.S. team sports to refer to players who are selected by" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Andhra Pradesh Express (old) The Andhra Pradesh Express was a superfast South Central Railway train that runs between Hyderabad and New Delhi. It operates daily, taking around 27 hours to cover the distance while passing through the states of Andhra Pradesh (Present Day Telangana), Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana before reaching New Delhi. Indian Railways has allocated the service number 12723 for the Hyderabad–New Delhi run, and service number 12724 for the New Delhi–Hyderabad run. The train service was first commissioned by Madhu Dandavate in 1976. After the bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh Express runs from Telangana and hence, the name of the train will be renamed as Telangana Express with effect from 15 November 2015. The new train between Visakhapatnam-Delhi via Vijayawada will be named as \"Andhra Pradesh AC Express\". Andhra Pradesh Express (old) The Andhra Pradesh Express was a superfast South Central Railway train that runs between Hyderabad and New Delhi. It operates daily, taking around 27 hours to cover the distance while passing through the states of Andhra Pradesh (Present Day Telangana), Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana before reaching New Delhi. Indian Railways has allocated the service number 12723 for the Hyderabad–New" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Anthony Bacon (industrialist) Anthony Bacon (baptised 24 January 1716 – 21 January 1786) was an English-born merchant and industrialist who was significantly responsible for the emergence of Merthyr Tydfil as the iron-smelting centre of Britain. Bacon was born at St Bees near Whitehaven in Cumberland, the youngest son of William Bacon, a ship's captain trading in coal from that port to Ireland. His eldest full brother was Thomas and his father also had a son William from his first marriage. The family claimed descent from Sir Nicholas Bacon (1540–1624); however, since very little is known about his ancestry and upbringing, the connection may be spurious or illegitimate. Following the death of both his parents, William Bacon and Elizabeth Richardson, Anthony moved to Talbot County Maryland to live with his maternal uncles, tobacco merchants Thomas and Anthony Richardson. He became a merchant and mariner, expanding the business to include Virginia and the import of Spanish wine. During the Seven Years' War Bacon became a government contractor for shipping and victualling in partnership with London merchant William Biggin, also from Whitehaven. In 1738, Bacon became master of the ship \"York\", a tobacco trade vessel owned by John Hanbury. In 1740, under contract from Andrew Reid esq. and in accordance with the Transportation Act 1717, Bacon used this ship to transport 115 convicted felons (women, men and children) from Newgate Prison in London to the Province of Maryland where they were sold for a 7 to 14-year penal transportation sentence. Between 1760 and 1766, Anthony Bacon was full or partial owner of five ships that completed a total of six Atlantic slave trade voyages: the ship \"Sarah\" in 1760 to Virginia; the ship \"Kepple\" in 1760 to South Carolina; the ship \"Charming Molly\" 1762 to Maryland; the ship \"Two Sisters\" in 1763 to Maryland; and the ship \"King of Bonny\" in 1765 to Barbados & in 1766 to St. Kitts. In 1763, the ship \"Two Sisters\" was co-owned by Anthony Bacon and his nephew, Anthony Richardson Jr. The following year, 1764, Bacon withdrew from the tobacco trade, and concentrated on trade to and contracting in new British colonies (the ceded islands—St Vincent, Tobago, Dominica, and Grenada) in the West Indies and west Africa. At the same time to aid his business in government contracts, he was elected as Member of Parliament for the venal borough of Aylesbury, which he represented until 1784, by which time the participation of MPs in government contracting had been prohibited. In 1765 Bacon went into partnership with William Brownrigg of Whitehaven, taking out a lease on of land in the Merthyr valley. After obtaining the mineral-rich land very cheaply, they employed Charles Wood to build Cyfarthfa forge using his patented potting and stamping process to make pig iron into bar iron. This was followed by a blast furnace at Cyfarthfa, 50 feet high and opened in 1767. In 1766, Bacon took over the Plymouth Ironworks to supply pig iron to his forge. Brownrigg partnership was dissolved in 1777. Bacon leased the Hirwaun ironworks in 1780. Bacon's government contracts included supplying ordnance. In 1773, after the Carron Company's guns had been withdrawn from service as dangerous, Bacon offered to provide three cannon for a trial, made respectively with charcoal, coke, and mixed fuel. He also delivered a fourth with then 'cast solid and bored'. This gun was reported to be 'infinitely better than [those cast] in the ordinary way, because it makes the ordnance more compact and consequently more durable', despite the greater expense. This led to a contract in 1774. These guns were apparently cast by John Wilkinson until Bacon's contract with him ended in 1776. The next year, Bacon asked for Richard Crawshay's name to be included in his warrants, and from this time the cannon were cast at Cyfarthfa. This continued until Bacon as a member of parliament was disabled from undertaking government contracts in 1782, when the forge and some of the gunfoundry business were leased to Francis Homfray. Bacon married Elizabeth Richardson, but their only son died in 1770, aged 12. His brother Thomas also died in Maryland, and one of Thomas' daughters (Elizabeth) had sailed to England to assist Anthony's family. Bacon therefore made Elizabeth and his illegitimate sons his heirs. When he died, the sons received princely amounts for the time. Bacon's eldest son, Anthony Bushby Bacon (1772–1827) was to receive the Cyfarthfa estate when he came of age. The second son Thomas Bacon was to receive the Plymouth furnace, etc. In addition, \"The Hirwaun furnace and collieries became the joint property of Anthony II and Thomas, while Robert, it seems, had the mines, etc., at Workington. Elizabeth was to receive a clear annuity of £300 when she became 21. William, then a baby, was to receive the remainder of the trust funds, provided the sum did not amount to more than £10,000, when he came of age.\" However, the sons showed little or no interest in their father's businesses and rapidly sold or leased them, Anthony II to Richard Crawshay, who was one of the witnesses to the father's will, and Thomas to his uncle Richard Hill. Both took on estates in Berkshire. Anthony Bacon (industrialist) Anthony Bacon (baptised 24 January 1716 – 21 January 1786) was an English-born merchant and industrialist who was significantly responsible for the emergence of Merthyr Tydfil as the iron-smelting centre of Britain. Bacon was born" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Money.Net Money.Net Inc is a privately held financial data technology company and financial data vendor based in New York City. Money.Net provides real-time live streaming financial market information such as prices, breaking financial news, technical analysis charts, trade idea generation tools, and a spreadsheet API over the internet to individual traders and institutional trading floors. The product coverage is global, and is multi-asset class, including equities, fixed income, foreign exchange and commodities. It also includes reference fundamental market data such as economic statistics and corporate actions. The Money.Net product provides \"access to real-time market data and trends for a sliver of what\" traditional market data terminals cost. Money.Net is a cloud-based platform for market data. According to current CEO Morgan Downey, Money.Net has about 50,000 paying subscribers. It is one of the several cloud-based Financial Technology (FinTech) companies challenging dominant vendors in financial markets. The product is available as a desktop application, via mobile devices, and through an excel spreadsheet API. In late 2016, the company announced that it had hired former Bloomberg Chief Content Officer, Norman Pearlstine, to develop a new financial news division relying heavily on artificial intelligence. Money.Net Money.Net Inc is a privately held financial data technology" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter

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