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{ "retrieved": [ "Anba Angaelos Anba Angaelos was consecrated in 1999 as a General Bishop (a rank between auxiliary bishop and chorbishop) in the United Kingdom of the Coptic Orthodox Church, the church of Egypt founded, according to its tradition, by Mark the Apostle around 55 AD and the largest Christian denomination in the Middle East. He was born in Cairo, Egypt and emigrated with his family to Australia; he spent his childhood and early life there, obtained his Bachelor of Arts, majoring in political science, philosophy and sociology, and went on to postgraduate studies in law whilst working in the same field. He returned to Egypt in 1990 to join the Monastery of Saint Bishoy in Wadi-El-Natroun, where he was subsequently consecrated a monk by Pope Shenouda III. He served as Papal secretary until 1995, and was then delegated by the Pope to serve as a parish priest in the United Kingdom. He is also Patriarchal Exarch for the Youth Ministry at the Patriarchal Center and the Coptic Orthodox Theological College at Stevenage. His nationality is recorded as British at Companies House. He travels extensively around the world lecturing to Coptic youth at various youth conventions and conferences. Church ecumenical and public relations in the United Kingdom. Ecumenical activity at local, national and international levels, also working extensively in the area of inter-religious relations. Churches Together in Stevenage (CTIS) is the gathering of Christian churches in Stevenage and surrounding Hertfordshire villages, it has 30 member churches and 6 associate member organisations. The Coptic Orthodox Church is member of CTIS and is represented by Angaelos. During the February 2012 session of the General Synod, Angaelos became the first appointed representative to it of the Council of Oriental Orthodox Churches in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Angaelos is a director of Churches Together in England. The Coptic Orthodox Church is a member of Churches Together in Britain and Ireland (CTBI), represented by Angaelos, a trustee and Moderator of the Board of Trustees. The Churches' Inter Religious Network succeeds the Churches' Commission for Inter Faith Relations. It is the churches' ecumenical forum on inter faith matters. Angaelos has been the Moderator since 2007 The following Oriental Orthodox Churches are members of the COOC: Angaelos was chairperson . He had been President from July 2010 to July 2012 (maximum 2 terms). The purpose of the Forum is to bring together representatives from the Church of England and those Oriental Orthodox Churches which are increasingly present in the United Kingdom. In summary the aims of the Forum are to receive and consider documents from international dialogues and their local relevance and implications amongst both clergy and laity; to encourage the unity of the Church through common prayer, worship, witness and education; and to discuss current pastoral, social and political issues and where appropriate make representations and responses to these issues. Bishops Angaelos and Geoffrey Rowell are the Co-chairs. COORF tries to work within areas which can be agreed upon. Angaelos and Archbishop Kevin McDonald are the Co-Chairs. Angaelos is one of the six Scholar Consultants who have been appointed to support the theological and scholarly work of the CMF. This is an international initiative that brings together evangelical members of the Lausanne Movement with members of the Eastern and Oriental Orthodox Churches, to bring better and deep relationships between them. Angaelos is a Co-Chair. The Anglican - Oriental Orthodox Commission was established in 2001 and began its work by addressing questions of Christology. It has produced a draft Agreement on Christology, which is currently being considered by the Churches of the Anglican Communion. Talks aimed at the resumption of dialogue are in progress. Angaelos represents the Coptic Orthodox Church on the Commission. The Coptic Orthodox Church is a member of the WCC; Angaelos represented it at the 9th Assembly in Brazil in 2006 and was a delegate at the 10th Assembly in Korea in 2013. The Coptic Orthodox Church UK Asylum Advocacy Group was formed in 2007 by Angaelos, who is the chair, and incorporates the following interested parties: The Coptic Orthodox Church, Christian Solidarity Worldwide, The Evangelical Alliance, UK Copts Association, United Copts of Great Britain, Educational Relief Trust, Barnabus Fund, Humanitarian Aid Relief Trust. Baroness Cox and Angaelos are founder members of the AAG; clergy, lawyers and specialists in human rights are members. The AAG addresses the religious faith problems and issues that Muslim-Christian converts from Egypt have during their asylum application process with the United Kingdom Border Agency (UKBA). A Report for the AAG was commissioned in 2007 to look at addressing the experience of Egyptian converts to Christianity in the UK asylum system. This Report is now used to brief the Home Office, the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, and the judiciary. It is also used to support the applications of affected parties. The AAG is currently working with the UKBA on training needs and requirements for case workers to ensure that asylum seekers who are converts receive fair and unbiased treatment. The Coptic Orthodox Church in the United Kingdom under Angaelos's leadership responded to a government consultation on same-sex civil marriage on 14 June 2012, saying that it could not support the proposal, and asking the Government Equalities Office to carefully consider several points. A press release on the same date made the same points, and included a statement by Angaelos that marriage was a \"union that potentially brings forth a new life\". In the 2015 Queen's Birthday Honours, Angaelos was awarded an OBE for services to international religious freedom. Anba Angaelos Anba Angaelos was consecrated in 1999 as a General Bishop (a rank between auxiliary bishop and chorbishop) in the United Kingdom of the Coptic Orthodox Church, the church of Egypt founded, according to its tradition, by Mark the Apostle around 55 AD and the largest Christian denomination in the Middle East. He was born in Cairo, Egypt and emigrated with his family to Australia; he spent his childhood and early life there, obtained his Bachelor of Arts, majoring in political science," ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Universal Core Universal Core (or UCore) was a U.S. government project to facilitate sharing of intelligence and related digital content across U.S. government systems. In a memorandum signed on 28 March 2013, the DoD Chief Information Officer (CIO) announced that DoD will adopt the National Information Exchange Model (NIEM) as the basis for its data exchange strategy in coordination with the NIEM Program Management Office (PMO). This DoD transition to NIEM will incorporate the ongoing efforts of DoD Universal Core (UCore) and Command and Control (C2) Core, effectively ending new development on these DoD data exchange models. The information in this article is provided for reference and background information only. Universal Core is an XML-based information exchange specification and implementation profile which provides a framework for sharing the most commonly used data concepts of Who, What, When, and Where. The purpose of UCore is to improve information sharing by defining and exchanging a small number of important, universally understandable concepts between data-sharing communities, without requiring complex mediations. The specification is modeled with an extensible XML schema, a taxonomy of high-level entities and events to categorize the concept of What, and supporting documentation and extension strategies. The final released version is v3.0. A key objective in creating UCore was to keep it simple, easy to explain, and easy to implement. UCore supports the National Information Sharing Strategy, a post-9/11 initiative. UCore is designed to permit \"definable levels of interoperability\" across user communities. To facilitate adoption, UCore looks to Communities of Interest, or knowledge domains, to encourage adoption of common vocabularies. UCore is not expected to replace complex data sharing within highly developed domains. UCore traces its roots to several predecessor initiatives: The Defense Information Systems Agency was the Technical Agent for UCore, working on behalf of the DoD Chief Information Officer (DoD CIO) to create and support UCore 3.0. UCore Version 3.0 was released on 14 April 2012 and contains modifications approved by the UCore Council and enacted by the UCore Technical Working Group. In this release, UCore is a set of reusable data components (RDCs) for the four interrogatives, an entity-to-entity relationship model, and supporting metadata types. These RDCs can be the foundational building blocks of a custom Community of Interest (COI) vocabulary or information exchange specification. Developers who reuse the designated UCore types are expected to gain a minimum level of understandability and interoperability. UCore 3.0 also defines a message format for Situational Awareness (SA) messages, which report upon the time and location of entities and events, often with a focus on mapping or recording location history. An instance of this SA message format will contain components which reuse the RDCs; however, a COI can still construct message payloads with the RDCs without making use of the SA message format. In October 2012, the Department of Defense elected to move towards adopting National Information Exchange Model (NIEM). This decision was formalized in a signed memorandum on 28 March 2013. The released versions of UCore are expected to remain in place for as long as programs continue to use them, and may also support platforms that are somehow incompatible with NIEM. In addition to XML, UCore incorporated the following specifications and standards: A joint 2008 DoD / ODNI Memorandum cited the availability of UCore's initial release. The Memorandum reinforced the connection between UCore and DoD 8320.2 \"Data Sharing in a Net-Centric Department of Defense,\" and DoD 8320.2-G \"Guidance for Implementing Net-Centric Data Sharing.\" Within the Department of Defense, the Marine Corps explicitly mandated UCore for certain applications according to U.S. Marine Corps Order 5231.3. While no OPNAV Instruction related to UCore was issued, the Navy accepted a role as DoD lead and served as overall co-lead for the federal effort. The Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command is providing engineering leadership for Navy UCore initiatives. The March 2009 acceptance of UCore by the Air Force ESC suggested a level of commitment from that service. A letter from U.S. Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM) to the UCore Executive Steering Committee cited USSTRATCOM's sponsorship of UCore from UCore 1.0 through a UCore pilot completed in 2006. The Universal Core Working Group chartered in April 2007 included DoD lead representative Daniel Green. Green discussed the goals and challenges of the Group in a 2008 Masters thesis for the Naval Postgraduate School. While Green remained with the project through the release of UCore 2.0 in April 2009, the thesis offers additional insight into UCore tradeoffs, challenges to technical adoption, and strategies adopted to cultivate involvement of various intelligence agencies. UCORE-SL was an effort sponsored by the US Army Net-Centric Data Strategy Center of Excellence to augment the UCore Taxonomy with logical definitions for each term or relation defined within. This effort targeted UCore 2.0, which is now deprecated. National Information Exchange Model (NIEM) Universal Core Universal" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Burnett–Montgomery House The Burnett–Montgomery House (also known as the James H. Montgomery House) is a historic house located at 605 North Third Street in Fairfield, Iowa. Burnett was a lumber merchant who had the house built in 1888. James H. Montgomery was a partner in Joel Turney & Co., which manufactured farm wagons and was largest private-sector employer in Jefferson County before World War I. The factory closed in 1932 as a result of the Great Depression and the decline in the use of horse-drawn wagons. This two-story brick house was designed in the Italianate style. It features a wrap-around porch and a two-story frame carriage house behind it. The house's historical significance is derived from its architecture and its association with the development of industry in Fairfield. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 27, 1983. Burnett–Montgomery House The Burnett–Montgomery House (also known as the James H. Montgomery House) is a historic house located at 605 North Third Street in Fairfield, Iowa. Burnett was a lumber merchant who had the house built in 1888. James H. Montgomery was a partner in Joel Turney & Co., which manufactured farm wagons and was largest private-sector employer" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Glitter Glitter describes an assortment of small, reflective particles that come in a variety of shapes and colors. Glitter particles reflect light at different angles, causing the surface to sparkle or shimmer. The size of glitter is similar to confetti, sparkles, or sequins, but somewhat smaller. Since prehistoric times, glitter has been made from many different materials including stones such as malachite, galena, and mica, as well as insects and glass. Modern glitter is usually manufactured from plastic and is rarely recycled leading to calls from scientists for bans on plastic glitter. The first production of modern plastic glitter is credited to the American machinist Henry Ruschmann, who found a way to cut plastic or mylar sheets into glitter in 1934. During World War II, glass glitter became unavailable so Ruschmann found a market for scrap plastics ground into glitter. He founded Meadowbrook Inventions, Inc. in Bernardsville, New Jersey and the company is still a producer of industrial glitter. Decades later he filed a patent for a mechanism for cross-cutting films as well as other related inventions. Today over 20,000 varieties of glitter are manufactured in a vast number of different colors, sizes, and materials. Over of glitter were purchased between the years of 1989 and 2009 alone. Commercial glitter ranges in size from to a side. First, flat multi-layered sheets are produced combining plastic, coloring, and reflective material such as aluminium, titanium dioxide, iron oxide, and bismuth oxychloride. These sheets are then cut into tiny particles of many shapes including squares, triangles, rectangles, and hexagons. Glittering surfaces have been found to be used since prehistoric times in the arts and in cosmetics. The modern English word \"glitter\" comes from the Middle English word \"gliteren,\" possibly by way of the Old Norse word \"glitra.\" However, as early as 30,000 years ago, mica flakes were used to give cave paintings a glittering appearance. Prehistoric humans are believed to have used cosmetics, made of powdered hematite, a sparkling mineral. 8,000 years ago people of the Americas were using powdered galena, a form of lead, to produce a bright greyish-white glittering paint used for objects of adornment. The collecting and surface mining of galena was prevalent in the Upper Mississippi Valley region by the Cahokia native peoples, for regional trade both raw and crafted into beads or other objects. From 40,000 BCE to 200 BCE, ancient Egyptians, produced \"glitter-like substances from crushed beetles\" as well as finely ground green malachite crystal. Researchers believe Mayan temples were sometimes painted with red, green, and grey glitter paint made from mica dust, based on infrared scans of the remnants of paint still found on the structures in present-day Guatemala. Prior to fabrics made with modern glitter, sequins were sewn or woven on to fabric to give it a glittering appearance. Edible glitter made from gum arabic and other ingredients is even used by culinary artists. Glitter is used in cosmetics to make the face and nails shiny or sparkly. Additionally, it is used in children's arts and crafts to color and texture items. The small, brightly colored particles often stick to clothing, skin, and furniture, and can be difficult to remove. Glitter coatings or finishes are frequently used on fishing lures to draw attention by simulating the scales of prey fish. Due to its unique characteristics, glitter has also proven to be useful forensic evidence. Because of the tens of thousands of different commercial glitters, identical glitter particles can be compelling evidence that a suspect has been at a crime scene. Forensic scientist Edwin Jones has one of the largest collections of glitter consisting of over 1,000 different samples used in comparison of samples taken from crime scenes. Glitter particles are easily transferred through the air or by touch, yet cling to bodies and clothing, often unnoticed by suspects. Glitter can be seen as a tool of fashion used various subcultures, as it allows for a visible statement to be worn and seen on the body. This is because it has been theorized to be a \"flickering signifier\", or something that destabilizes known notions of popular culture, identity, and society. Glitter is associated with \"fringe cultures\", which often use excessive glam and glamor such as glitter to evoke a deeper understanding between the relationships of commercialized popular culture and \"high\" culture, or \"high-brow\" art. Used by glam rockers, such as David Bowie, Gary Glitter, and Iggy Pop glitter is also used as a tool to help blur gender lines. This helped to create the more extreme \"Glitter Rock\" – an even more heightened version of glam rock. Glitter is also used by nail artists and make-up artists to make statements about femininity and beauty standards. The flashy, sparkling nature of glitter allows users to push standard ideas of beauty and what is and isn't considered \"excessive\" in terms of make-up. Glitter is usually associated with nightlife and not professionalism, but wearing it in different settings can push these boundaries. Glitter is also used for glitter bombing, which is an act of protest in which activists throw glitter on people at public events. Glitter bombers have frequently been motivated by, though not limited to, their targets' opposition to same-sex marriage. Some legal officials argue glitter bombing is technically assault and battery. It is possible for glitter to enter the eyes or nose and cause damage to the cornea or other soft tissues potentially irritating them or leading to infection, depending on the size of the glitter. Whether a prosecutor would pursue the charges depends on a number of factors. Trisia Farrelly, an environmental anthropologist at Massey University, has called for a ban on glitter made of PET and aluminium, as it is a microplastic that can break down to hormonal disruptors in the environment. Furthermore, in the UK, \"over 60 British music festivals have committed to ban single-use plastics from their sites by 2021,\" this ban includes glitter. Even though plastic glitter is banned, there is biodegradable glitter, which \"naturally decomposes once it enters soil, compost or waste water environments,\" so, while it will stay on your face, once it comes off, it will decompose. Environmentally friendly glitter \"has the same shine and high precision cut as traditional glitter and is also 40% softer and more delicate on the skin than conventional glitter,\" meaning that not only will biodegradable glitter be better for the environment, it may be better for you too. This biodegradable glitter is made from \"eucalyptus tree extract\" which is metaled \"with a thin layer of aluminium and coloured to give it its sparkle.\" According to Dr. Chris Flower, Director-General at the Cosmetic Toiletry and Perfumery Association, the “total effect of giving up traditional glitter might not be great in comparison with other harmful plastics, we should still do everything we can.” Even though the effects of glitter may not be as impactful as other harmful plastics, it does fall under the category of micro plastics, which can't be recycled and are harmful to the environment. Glitter Glitter describes an assortment of small, reflective particles that come in a variety of shapes and colors. Glitter particles reflect light at different angles, causing the surface to sparkle or shimmer. The size of glitter is similar" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "You Don't Know What You've Got \"You Don't Know What You've Got (Until You Lose It)\" is a 1961 single by Ral Donner. It was his biggest hit, peaking at number four on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. and at #25 on the UK charts. The song also appears on the Donner's 1961 album \"Takin' Care of Business\". The song was written by Paul Hampton and George Burton and released by Gone Records. It debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 chart for the week of July 16, 1961, at spot 83. It continued to rise on the chart for the next eight weeks, peaking at number 4 for the week of September 10, 1961 (during the reign of \"Michael\" by The Highwaymen at number 1). It dropped off the chart after a 12-week run. Donner's Elvis Presley-like vocals caused many to think the song was by Elvis. According to a 1979 interview with Donner, the song was recorded in Florida and was intended for recording by a girl group, but Ral and his colleagues liked the demo they heard of the song and decided to record it. You Don't Know What You've Got \"You Don't Know What You've Got (Until You" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "St John Bosco College, Sydney St John Bosco College is a Catholic school located in Engadine, a southern suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The college was founded in 1978 under the name St John Bosco High School. The school was built after many years of planning and effort by the Parish Priest, Fr John Briffa SDB, and a group of parishioners. The school's principal was once always a Salesian priest, but this changed in 2010 due to the departure of Fr Bernie Graham. The methods of teaching at the school are based on John Bosco's theories of education. The school was a Years 7 to 10, co-educational school under the name St John Bosco High School until 1998 when the school accepted its first year 11 students and was renamed St John Bosco College. The first class to graduate from St John Bosco College was in 1999. The Inaugural College Captains were Ryan Della Ca and Elizabeth Favaloro. The patron of the college is St John Bosco. The motto of the college is \"Gaudium et Spes\" (\"Joy and Hope\") The motto is an extract from the \"Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World\". The joy and hope, the grief and anguish of the people of our time, especially of those who are poor or afflicted in any way, are the joy and the hope, the grief and anguish of the followers of Christ as well ... Nothing that is genuinely human fails to find an echo in their hearts. The college badge has a plain white cross with the words \"Bosco\" (which the school is commonly referred to as) and \"Gaudium Et Spes\" (the school motto, \"Joy and Hope\"). The background is dark green. As of 2008 new house banners were introduced to the school. These were chosen from a banner making competition and replaced the old house flags. Along with the new banners every student was given badges for their house with the image of their house's banner. In 2006 a new classroom block the Ciantar Block was completed, and named after Fr Joseph Ciantar, who was the pioneer of the Salesian Mission in Engadine. A new basketball court was also completed, called the Reichel Court, which was named in memory of teacher Chris Reichel. The court was built using a sum of money Reichel left to the school. St John Bosco College, Sydney St" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Massacre of the Latins The Massacre of the Latins (; ) was a massacre of the Catholic (called \"Latin\") inhabitants of Constantinople, the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, by an assorted mob (the supporters of the usurper Andronikos Komnenos) in April 1182. The Latins, before Komnenos' take-over, had dominated the city's maritime trade and financial sector. Although precise numbers are unavailable, the bulk of the Latin community had fled before this political act, though many were massacred. Remaining merchants were captured by Turks to be sold as slaves Since the late 11th century, Western merchants, primarily from the Italian city-states of Venice, Genoa and Pisa, had started appearing in the East. The first had been the Venetians, who had secured large-scale trading concessions from Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Subsequent extensions of these privileges and the Empire's own naval impotence at the time resulted in a virtual maritime monopoly and stranglehold over the Empire by the Venetians. Alexios' grandson, Manuel I Komnenos, wishing to reduce their influence, began to reduce the privileges of Venice while concluding agreements with her rivals: Pisa, Genoa and Amalfi. Gradually, all four Italian cities were also allowed to establish their own quarters in the northern part of Constantinople itself, towards the Golden Horn. The predominance of the Italian merchants caused economic and social upheaval in the Empire: it accelerated the decline of the independent native merchants in favour of big exporters, who became tied to the landed aristocracy, who in turn increasingly amassed large estates. Together with the perceived arrogance of the Italians, it fueled popular resentment amongst the middle and lower classes both in the countryside and in the cities. The Latins proved uncontrollable by imperial authority: in 1162, for instance, the Pisans together with a few Venetians raided the Genoese quarter in Constantinople, causing much damage. Emperor Manuel subsequently expelled most of the Genoese and Pisans from the city, thus giving the Venetians a free hand for several years. In early 1171, however, when the Venetians attacked and largely destroyed the Genoese quarter in Constantinople, the Emperor retaliated by ordering the mass arrest of all Venetians throughout the Empire and the confiscation of their property. A subsequent Venetian expedition in the Aegean failed: a direct assault was impossible due to the strength of the imperial forces, and the Venetians agreed to negotiations, which the Emperor stalled intentionally. As talks dragged on through the winter, the Venetian fleet waited at Chios, until an outbreak of the plague forced them to withdraw. The Venetians and the Empire remained at war, with the Venetians prudently avoiding direct confrontation but sponsoring Serb uprisings, besieging Ancona, the Roman Empire's last stronghold in Italy, and signing a treaty with the Norman Kingdom of Sicily. Relations were only gradually normalized: there is evidence of a treaty in 1179, although a full restoration of relations would only be reached in the mid-1180s. Meanwhile, the Genoese and Pisans profited from the dispute with Venice, and by 1180, it is estimated that up to 60,000 Latins lived in Constantinople. Following the death of Manuel I in 1180, his widow, the Latin princess Maria of Antioch, acted as regent to her infant son Alexios II Komnenos. Her regency was notorious for the favoritism shown to Latin merchants and the big aristocratic land-owners, and was overthrown in April 1182 by Andronikos I Komnenos, who seized the crown. Almost immediately, his actions spilled over into violence towards the Latins, and after entering the city's Latin quarter a mob of his supporters began attacking the inhabitants. Many had anticipated the events and escaped by sea. However, Cardinal John, the papal legate, was beheaded and his head was dragged through the streets at the tail of a dog. A few years later, Andronikos I was deposed, handed over to a mob, tortured, and summarily executed in the Hippodrome by Latin soldiers. Although regular trade agreements were soon resumed between Greek and Latin states, problems still continued: a Norman expedition under William II of Sicily in 1185 sacked Thessalonica, the Empire's second largest city, and the German emperors Frederick Barbarossa and Henry VI both threatened to attack Constantinople. Eventually there would be the sack of the city of Constantinople by the Fourth Crusade in 1204 and its culmination in the establishment of the Latinokratia. This Latinokratia was varied in its longevity. Some captured lands continued under this reign into the 1800's, other lands would come back into their original Roman hands, while many fell to the Ottomans. Massacre of the Latins The Massacre of the Latins (; ) was a massacre of the Catholic (called \"Latin\") inhabitants of Constantinople, the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, by an assorted mob (the supporters of the usurper Andronikos Komnenos) in April 1182. The Latins, before Komnenos' take-over, had dominated the" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Salvador Cardenal Salvador de Jesús Cardenal Barquero (Managua, Nicaragua, October 6, 1960 - March 8, 2010) was a Nicaraguan singer-songwriter and was one of the most renowned songwriters in Nicaragua and Central America, also a poet, painter and ecologist. Father of two children, Salvador Joaquín & Guillermo Nicolas. Salvador Cardenal was the second born of Leyla María Barquero and Salvador Cardenal Vargas, in a family of five children. His niece Nina and nephew Sebastian, are also musicians. He spent most of his childhood in Managua, Nicaragua, where he studied in the Colegio Centro América. When he was 17 he started playing the guitar he got as a present during his years studying to be a Jesuit Novice in Panamá. He left the convent for music and went back to Nicaragua during the Nicaraguan Revolution. In 1980, Salvador formed the Duo Guardabarranco with his sister, Katia Cardenal. Their music expressed the love for nature, freedom and justice. They toured over 30 countries in folk and political festivals. They published ten LP's during their years together, which became very successful and influential in their homeland. In 1990 they won second place in the OTI festival of 1990, with their song \"Dame tu Corazón\". He also published two albums as a soloist, one which was live. Later in his career, he would tour Nicaragua with ecological concerts. During his lifetime Salvador Cardenal also dedicated much time to painting. He would mainly paint portraits of bodies, angels, butterflies and Jesus Christ, in vivid and distinct colours. In November 2009, a benefit for Cardenal was held that included notable Nicaraguan singers including Carlos Mejía Godoy and . Salvador Cardenal died March 8, 2010, in the military hospital \"Alejandro Dávila Bolaños\" after being constantly hospitalized suffering from a rare disease called Cryoglobulinemia. According to a 2009 news article, when he was diagnosed with Cryoglobulinemia, he was only given up to 10 years of life (he was in his ninth at the time of his death). He was survived by his family including his two sons Salvador and Guillermo. In December 2009, he was honored with \"la Orden Cultural Salvador Cardenal\" by the City Council of Managua, an award named after Cardenal's grandfather Salvador Cardenal Argüello and awarded to distinguishable musicians. In May 2010, during Europe Day, the Nicaraguan representative for the European Union of Central America and Panama, Mendel Golstein, gave a tribute to Cardenal and featured a collaboration of the works by French artist Jean Marc Calvet and Cardenal. In December 2011, a museum about Cardenal was nearly completed and was officially opened on March 8, 2012, the second anniversary of his death. In 2011, the city of Managua held a festival in his memory. Salvador Cardenal Salvador de Jesús Cardenal Barquero (Managua, Nicaragua, October 6, 1960 - March 8, 2010) was a Nicaraguan singer-songwriter and was one of the most renowned songwriters in Nicaragua and Central America, also a poet, painter and ecologist. Father of two children, Salvador Joaquín & Guillermo Nicolas. Salvador Cardenal" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Schildbürger The Schildbürger (\"citizens of Schilda\") are a topic in German chapbook tradition corresponding to the Wise Men of Gotham in English-language tradition. The \"people of Schilda\", of a fictitious German town of \"Schilda\", figure in short tales, known as \"Schildbürgerstreiche\" (\"pranks of the citizens of Schilda\"). Alongside Till Eulenspiegel, the \"Schildbürger\" chapbooks are the best-known collection of the prankster type in German literary tradition. The oldest known edition was printed in Strasbourg in 1597 under the title of Lalenbuch. Here, the town was known as \"Lalenburg\" and its inhabitants \"Lalen\". The second edition, printed in 1598, changed this to \"Die Schiltbürger\". The author of the original collection is unknown. One of the suggested possible authors is Friedrich von Schönberg (1543–1614), a native of Schildau. The first edition was printed anonymously; the title page playfully gives the \"author's name\" as a subset of the full alphabet. Sources used include \"Rollwagenbüchlein\" by Jörg Wickram(1555), \"Gartengesellschaft\" by Jacob Frey (1557) and \"Katzipori \" by Michael Lindener (1558), \"Nachtbüchlein\" by Valentin Schuhmann (1559) and the Zimmern Chronicle (1566). A related or derived publication is \"Grillenvertreiber\" (1603). The 2010 \"Encyclopedia of the Medieval Chronicle\" contains a fictitious entry about a supposed \"Chronica sive Historia de populo Schildorum\". Schildbürger The Schildbürger (\"citizens of Schilda\") are a topic in German chapbook tradition corresponding to the Wise Men of Gotham in English-language tradition. The \"people of Schilda\", of a fictitious German town of \"Schilda\", figure in short tales, known as \"Schildbürgerstreiche\" (\"pranks of the citizens of Schilda\"). Alongside Till Eulenspiegel, the \"Schildbürger\" chapbooks are the best-known collection of the prankster type in German literary tradition. The oldest known edition was printed in Strasbourg in 1597 under the title of Lalenbuch. Here, the town was known as \"Lalenburg\" and its inhabitants \"Lalen\". The second edition, printed in 1598," ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Bessie Rischbieth Bessie Mabel Rischbieth, OBE (née Earle; 16 October 187413 March 1967) was an influential and early Australian feminist and social activist. A leading or founding member of many social reform groups, such as the Women's Service Guilds, The Australian Federation of Women Voters and their periodical \"The Dawn\", she sought to establish international campaigns for social change and human rights. Bessie Mabel Earle was born in Adelaide and lived in Burra Burra, South Australia where her parents, William and Jane Anna (née Carvosso) Earle, owned a farm. She returned, along with her sister, to Adelaide to continue her schooling, living with her uncle \"Ben\" Rounsevell, a politician, also of Cornish Australian parentage, who was influential in the formation of his niece's social consciousness. She attended the Advanced School for Girls in Adelaide and participated in debate within her home on the topics of the day, including federation and women's emancipation. South Australia was the first Australian state to grant a vote to women, making her eligible to be one of the first able to do so. She married a wool merchant, M. Henry Wills Rischbieth, on 22 October 1898. When the couple moved to Western Australia, they established themselves in Peppermint Grove, residing after 1904 at \"Unalla House\", which remained her home. Her husband successfully traded as Henry Wills & Co and profited from his local investments. The Rischbieths did not have children which led to Bessie engaging in child welfare and social reform, and eventually to her role in the women's movements of the early 20th century. In 1906, Rischbieth and others founded the Children's Protection Society in Western Australia and joined the Women's Service Guilds of Western Australia in 1909. The Rischbieths travelled throughout Japan and India, and stayed in London during either 1908 or 1913. Women's suffrage was a dominant topic in Britain at this time; a mass rally, subsequent public debate and prosecutions of activists were occurring. The pacifist response to the Cat and Mouse Act in particular, fired a passion for the equality movement. After hearing Emily Pankhurst speak for the Women's Social and Political Union, she wrote to her sister, \"\"... as I listened, I felt my backbone growing longer, as though you gained courage and freedom from her\"\". After attending the suffrage meeting in London in 1913, she became an active feminist through the WSG and helped to found the Australian Federation of Women's Societies (AFWV) in 1921, becoming its first President. In 1915, she was given honorary appointment to the Perth Children's Court and acted on the bench there for fifteen years. She was also the first woman appointed a Justice of the Peace at the Perth Court after a successful campaign to alter remnant legislation forbidding women to be seated at the bench. The Scaddan government's proposed Health Act (1915) was sharply divisive because it called for the compulsory notification of public health officials after a diagnosis of venereal disease, which sharply increased with returned servicemen during the First World War. Rischbeith, the WSG and the Women's Christian Temperance Union argued that this would unfairly impact women and destroy their reputations. Rischbieth's WSG challenged the Bill while Edith Cowan, Roberta Jull and the National Council of Women supported it. This difference of opinion caused a bitter rift between various members of the women's movements in WA and was translated to the international scene when Rischbieth led a delegation to the 1923 International Woman Suffrage Alliance assembly in Rome. There, the differences saw telegrams of protest from the WA and Victorian women's groups against Rischbieth's claims to represent all Australian women. Rischbieth was an Australian pioneer of the notion that mothers were political subjects who had rights. When the conservative federal government in 1923 attempted to reduce the Maternity Allowance, Rischbieth, in her capacity as president of the Australian Federation of Women's Societies for Equal Citizenship commented: 'The Federal Treasurer, with the help of the Commonwealth Committee of the British Medical Association have apparently made up their male minds that the present maternity allowance must go, and the suggest an alternate scheme which , it is claimed, will cost less and be more beneficial. All these arrangements appear to be assuming concrete shape, without any idea on the part of the Federal autohiries of obtaining the consent of the mothers of Australia'. Rischbieth was vice-president of the British Commonwealth League of Women's from its foundation in 1925 and inaugural secretary of the Western Australian Women Justices' Association. She was founder, with M. Chauve Collisson, of the Women's Non-party Political Association. The next year she became a board member of International Alliance of Women for Suffrage and Equal Citizenship. In 1928, she led the Australian delegation to the Pan-Pacific Women's Conference in Honolulu. She lobbied for women's representation in, and was appointed to, the Australian delegation to the League of Nations. Amongst the many issues relating to the welfare of children and women that Rischbieth became involved with was the welfare of the indigenous population. In 1934 she addressed the Moseley Royal Commission calling for investigation of the \"present alleged practice of taking children of a certain age to the Government mission stations and thus depriving their parents of the custody of their children\". She pointed out to Prime Minister Joseph Lyons in 1934 that Australia was a signatory of the League of Nations Covenant and had acquired a responsibility to the indigenous people. Mentor to the activist and author Mary Montgomerie Bennett, their correspondence reveals her ongoing concern for Aboriginal women and children. In England during the war years, she established \"World for Australian servicemen\" at Australia House. Rischbieth served again as president of the Women's Service Guilds of Western Australia from 1946–50. The WSGWA was a conservatively based and politically independent organisation that helped to advance projects such as a maternity hospital (KEMH) that accepted single women, despite widespread opposition. The WSGWA published a journal, \"Dawn\", for which Rischbieth was founder editor and a frequent contributor. The journal was reformatted as \"The Dawn Newsletter\" in 1949, despite shortages of paper. In 1955 she was made a life member of the International Alliance of Women for Suffrage and Equal Citizenship. In the later years of her life Rischbieth's public dispute with Jessie Street, whom she labelled a communist, was reported in the media. Rischbieth was appointed as an OBE at Buckingham Palace on 3 June 1935 for \"service with the women's movements\". Despite differences between Rischbieth and Street's politics the two shared much in common which resulted in cooperative or parallel campaigns addressing issues relating to women, indigenous Australians, and pacifism. The WSG, under Rischbieth, remained closely linked to the peace movements of the inter-war years. Her work in establishing the Kindergarten Union of WA provided free preschool education and she directly funded the central office. Despite her high-profile she never ran for political office. She did, however, back Edith Cowan's successful campaign and often directly lobbied regarding civil rights and conservation. Her correspondents include Prime Ministers Lyons, Curtin and Menzies. Her position within the establishment and the civil rights movement afforded her a close ear from the influential. A wish for political independence from the emerging two party system could not exempt her presentation as a 'Conservative' figurehead. The Australian Women's Charter had elected Jessie Street during her absence in England and their discourse became public when she returned to Australia after the war. She was a", "the Kindergarten Union of WA provided free preschool education and she directly funded the central office. Despite her high-profile she never ran for political office. She did, however, back Edith Cowan's successful campaign and often directly lobbied regarding civil rights and conservation. Her correspondents include Prime Ministers Lyons, Curtin and Menzies. Her position within the establishment and the civil rights movement afforded her a close ear from the influential. A wish for political independence from the emerging two party system could not exempt her presentation as a 'Conservative' figurehead. The Australian Women's Charter had elected Jessie Street during her absence in England and their discourse became public when she returned to Australia after the war. She was a member of the Karrakatta Club and exhibited work at the West Australian Society of Arts. Her book, \"The March of Australian Women\" (1964), was a comprehensive survey of the national feminist movement. Rischbieth was a campaigner for urban planning and natural heritage. Rischbieth was an important member of the Theosophical movement; a group that overlapped with feminist and conservation activism in post-federation Australia. She was a Co-Freemason, a movement that was also often linked with Theosophy. She travelled to parts of Asia and was interested in eastern philosophy and culture, staying once at Gandhi's ashram. Rischbieth promoted a \"Citizens Committee for the Preservation of Kings Park and the Swan River\" and successfully prevented an olympic swimming pool being built for the 1962 Empire Games in Kings Park. During construction of the Narrows Bridge, Rischbieth, almost ninety years old, symbolically attempted to block it by entering the river ahead of the bulldozers. This was published in the \"West Australian\" newspaper and succeeded in generating public discussion of development, although it failed to stop land reclamation of the Perth foreshore. She remained active in social issues until her death at Bethesda Hospital in Claremont, Western Australia on 13 March 1967, aged 92. The Women's Service Guilds were responsible for the founding of National Council of Women of Australia, Girl Guides, the Housewives Association, Civilian Widows, Swan River Conservation, and many other organisations dispensing or advocating social justice to women and children across the state and nation. Rischbieth is perennially named in the West Australian's \"W.A.'s 100 most influential\" list and a conservation award bears her name. An extensive collection of her papers and other material is held by the National Library of Australia, the John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library and the State Library of Western Australia. The National Library of Australia mounted a crowdfunding appeal to digitise her papers in June 2016. In 2016, a statue of her was placed on the area of the former Perth Esplanade, now Elizabeth Quay. The statue references her opposition to the filling in of Mounts Bay for the freeway interchange, but neither addresses that site or her more famous defence of Kings Park. The statue has been criticised both for the youthful appearance given her and the small size of her umbrella. Bessie Rischbieth Bessie Mabel Rischbieth, OBE (née Earle; 16 October 187413 March 1967) was an influential and early Australian feminist and social activist. A leading or founding member of many social reform groups, such as the Women's Service Guilds, The Australian Federation of Women Voters and their periodical \"The Dawn\", she sought to establish international campaigns for social change and human rights. Bessie Mabel Earle was born in Adelaide and lived in Burra Burra, South Australia where her parents, William and Jane Anna (née Carvosso)" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Kakopetria Kakopetria is a town in Cyprus located southwest of the capital, Nicosia, on the north facing foothills of the Troodos Mountains. It stands at an altitude of 667 metres and it is the highest village in the Solea Valley. The community has about 1,200 permanent inhabitants and a couple hundred more who either have a summer house or are originally from Kakopetria but work in Nicosia. Near Kakopetria there is church from 11th century, Agios Nikolaos tis Stegis , UNESCO World Heritage Site. Kakopetria is surrounded by thick forestland and is built on the banks of the Kargotis and Garillis Rivers. The two rivers join within village itself and form the river Klarios, which crosses the Solea Valley and empties into Morphou Bay. The settlement of Kakopetria is constructed along the valley of the Kargotis and Garillis rivers. The new Kakopetria with its large, modern houses and their tiled roofs, built in the gradient ground and the riverbanks, is located in the eastern part of the valley. The old Kakopetria is built west of the valley and between the two rivers. The roofs of the houses are sloped and tiled and almost all of the houses have an upper floor and a wooden balcony. The settlement of Kakopetria, although mentioned by the Mediaeval annalists, existed -at least -since the Frank domination era (Lusignan Period 1192–1489). The village's region was inhabited around the 6th-7th centuries and the various excavations that have been conducted in 1938 around the old village of Kakopetria (in the Ailades venue) prove this. During the excavations a dispenser of an ancient shrine, most probably belonging to the goddess Athena came to light. A large number of movable findings were found, mainly terra-cotta, many of which depict the goddess Athena, as well as small, limestone, statues and parts of statues, and bronze and iron shafts from spearheads and arrows. The findings most probably date back to the Archaic and Classic eras of Cyprus. Other statuettes represent Hercules and are an indication that he was also worshiped in the area along with the goddess Athena. These findings are found in the Archaeological Museum of Nicosia. Near Kakopetria there is church Agios Nikolaos tis Stegis (greek \"Αγίος Νικολάος της Στέγης\", Saint Nicholas of the Roof) which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site along with nine other Painted Churches in the Troödos Region. Church is built in 11. century. The church is the only surviving Middle Byzantine katholikon (monastery church) in Cyprus during the 11th century. It prospered from the Middle Byzantine era until the beginning of Frankish rule, around the 12th century. There are three versions about origin of village name. According to first version Kakopetria name is compound of greek words \"kako\"(bad) and \"petra\" (stone, rock). According to second version name comes from legend about big rock called \"Petra tou Androgynou\" (Couples' Rock). That rock is now close to bridge and new wed couply would sit on it, until according to legend rock rolled over one couple and that rock they called bad rock. Kakopetria Kakopetria is a town in Cyprus located southwest of the capital, Nicosia, on the north facing foothills of the Troodos Mountains. It stands at an altitude of 667 metres and it is the highest village in the Solea Valley. The community has about 1,200 permanent inhabitants and a couple hundred more who either have a summer house or are originally from Kakopetria but work in Nicosia. Near Kakopetria there is church from 11th century, Agios Nikolaos tis Stegis , UNESCO World Heritage Site. Kakopetria is surrounded by thick forestland and is built on" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Washington general election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \| ± \n---\|---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic (Wash.) \| Patty Murray (Incumbent) \| 1,913,979 \| 59.01% \| \\+6.65% \n\| Republican (Wash.) \| Chris Vance \| 1,329,338 \| 40.99% \| \\- 6.65% \nMajority \| 584,641 \| 18.02% \| \\+13.30% \nTotal votes \| 3,243,317 \| 100.00% \| 29.16% \n\| Democratic hold \| Swing \| \| \n Frank Gilbert was the candidate for the Libertarian Party, and Jason Tate was running a write-in campaign. \n South Carolina general election < Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \| ± \n---\|---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| Tim Scott (Incumbent) \| 1,241,609 \| 60.57% \| \\- 0.55% \n\| Democratic \| Thomas Dixon \| 757,022 \| 36.93% \| \\- 0.16% \n\| Libertarian \| Bill Bledsoe \| 37,482 \| 1.83% \| N/A \n\| American \| Michael Scarborough \| 11,923 \| 0.58% \| N/A \n\| Other \| Write-Ins \| 1,857 \| 0.09% \| \\+0.05% \nMajority \| 484,587 \| 23.62% \| \\- 0.41% \nTurnout \| 2,049,893 \| 65.75% \| \\+22.75% \n\| Republican hold \| Swing \| \| \n Wisconsin election \n--- \n← 2010 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| Ron Johnson \| Russ Feingold \| \nParty \| Republican \| Democratic \nPopular vote \| 1,479,471 \| 1,380,335 \nPercentage \| 50.2% \| 46.8% \nCounty results \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nRon Johnson Republican \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nRon Johnson Republican \n \n---\|---\n Oregon Republican primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| Mark Callahan \| 123,473 \| 38.24% \n\| Republican \| Sam Carpenter \| 104,494 \| 32.36% \n\| Republican \| Faye Stewart \| 57,399 \| 17.78% \n\| Republican \| Dan Laschober \| 34,157 \| 10.58% \n\| \| write-ins \| 3,357 \| 1.04% \nTotal votes \| 322,880 \| 100.00% \n Shelby was first elected to the Senate in 1986 as a Democrat and was easily re-elected in 1992 as such. He switched his party affiliation to Republican on November 9, 1994, one day after the Republicans won control of both houses in the midterm elections. He won his first full term as a Republican in 1998 by a large margin and faced no significant opposition in 2004 or 2010. \n Arizona Libertarian primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Libertarian \| Merissa Hamilton (Write-In) \| 1,286 \| 100.00% \nTotal votes \| 1,286 \| 100.00% \n Arkansas general election < Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| John Boozman (Incumbent) \| 661,984 \| 59.77% \n\| Democratic \| Conner Eldridge \| 400,602 \| 36.17% \n\| Libertarian \| Frank Gilbert \| 43,866 \| 3.96% \n\| Write-ins \| Others \| 1,070 \| 0.10% \nTotal votes \| 1,107,522 \| 100.00% \n\| Republican hold \n As no candidate won a majority of the vote in the \"jungle primary\", a runoff election was held on December 10 to choose between Kennedy and Campbell (the 2 candidates with the most votes in the primary). John Kennedy was declared the winner of the runoff election with 61% of the vote to Campbell's 39% . \n States where the margin of victory was between 5% and 10%:\n Harris won the election with 62% of the vote to Sanchez's 38% . \n McCain faced primary challenges from Fair Tax activist Alex Meluskey, businessman David Pizer, talk radio host Clair Van Steenwyk, and State Senator Kelli Ward. David Pizer later dropped out of the race. Representatives Matt Salmon and David Schweikert were both mentioned as possible candidates, but both chose not to run. Other potential Republican candidates included former Governor Jan Brewer, businesswoman and 2014 gubernatorial candidate Christine Jones, former Governor of Alaska and 2008 vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin, former U.S. Representative John Shadegg, and former Arizona Attorney General Grant Woods. \n Three-term Senator Chuck Schumer (Democrat) was re-elected with 66% of the vote in 2010. He was 66 years old in 2016. He ran for re-election. Chuck Schumer has been elected leader of the Senate Democrats succeeding Harry Reid. \n Four-term Senator Barbara Boxer (Democrat) was re-elected with 52% of the vote in 2010. Boxer declined to run for re-election. California Attorney General Kamala Harris and U.S. Representative Loretta Sanchez, both Democrats, finished first and second, respectively, in California's nonpartisan blanket primary, and will contest the general election. As such, Boxer's successor is guaranteed to be a Democrat. This marks a historic first such occasion in California, ever since the Senate elections began in 1914. \n Florida election \n--- \n← 2010 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| Marco Rubio \| Patrick Murphy \| \nParty \| Republican \| Democratic \nPopular vote \| 4,835,191 \| 4,122,088 \nPercentage \| 52.0% \| 44.3% \nCounty results \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nMarco Rubio Republican \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nMarco Rubio Republican \n \n---\|---\n One-term Senator John Hoeven (Republican) was elected with 76% of the vote in 2010. He was 59 years old in 2016. He ran for re-election. \n Libertarian primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Libertarian \| Robert Murphy \| 1,537 \| 58.89% \n\| Libertarian \| Dax Ewbank \| 1,073 \| 41.11% \nTotal votes \| 2,610 \| 100.00% \n Utah Democratic primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Misty K. Snow \| 28,928 \| 59.40% \n\| Democratic \| Jonathan Swinton \| 19,774 \| 40.60% \nTotal votes \| 48,702 \| 100.00% \n South Dakota election \n--- \n← 2010 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| John Thune \| Jay Williams \| \nParty \| Republican \| Democratic \nPopular vote \| 265,516 \| 104,140 \nPercentage \| 71.8% \| 28.2% \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nJohn Thune Republican \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator", "John Thune Republican \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nJohn Thune Republican \n \n---\|---\n One-term Senator Rob Portman (Republican) was elected with 57% of the vote in 2010. He was 60 years old in 2016. He ran for re-election. He had considered running for President, but decided not to. \n Oregon general election < Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Ron Wyden (Incumbent) \| 1,105,119 \| 56.60% \n\| Republican \| Mark Callahan \| 651,106 \| 33.35% \n\| Working Families \| Shanti Lewallen \| 61,915 \| 3.17% \n\| Independent \| Steven Reynolds \| 59,516 \| 3.05% \n\| Pacific Green \| Eric Navickas \| 48,823 \| 2.50% \n\| Libertarian \| Jim Lindsay \| 23,941 \| 1.23% \n\| Write-Ins \| \| 2,058 \| 0.10% \nTotal votes \| 1,952,478 \| 100.00% \n\| Democratic hold \n State (linked to summaries below) \| Incumbent \| Results \| Candidates \n---\|---\|---\|--- \nSenator \| Party \| Electoral history \nAlabama \| Shelby, Richard Richard Shelby \| Republican \| 1986 1992 1998 \| Incumbent re-elected. \| √ Richard Shelby (Republican) 64.0% Ron Crumpton (Democratic) 35.8% Others (write-in) 0.2% \nAlaska \| Murkowski, Lisa Lisa Murkowski \| Republican \| 2002! 2002 (Appointed) \| Incumbent re-elected. \| √ Lisa Murkowski (Republican) 44% Joe Miller (Libertarian) 29% Margaret Stock (Independent) 13% Ray Metcalfe (Democratic) 12% \nArizona \| McCain, John John McCain \| Republican \| 1986 1992 1998 \| Incumbent re-elected. \| √ John McCain (Republican) 53% Ann Kirkpatrick (Democratic) 41% Pat Quinn (independent/Write-in) Gary Swing (Green/Write-in) 5% \nArkansas \| Boozman, John John Boozman \| Republican \| \| Incumbent re-elected. \| √ John Boozman (Republican) 59.7% Conner Eldridge (Democratic) 36.3% Frank Gilbert (Libertarian) 4.0% \nCalifornia \| Boxer, Barbara Barbara Boxer \| Democratic \| 1992 1998 \| Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic hold. \| √ Kamala Harris (Democratic) 61.8% Loretta Sanchez (Democratic) 38.2% \nColorado \| Bennet, Michael Michael Bennet \| Democratic \| 2009! 2009 (Appointed) \| Incumbent re-elected. \| √ Michael Bennet (Democratic) 50.0% Darryl Glenn (Republican) 44.3% Lily Tang Williams (Libertarian) 3.6 Arn Menconi (Green) 1.3 \nConnecticut \| Blumenthal, Richard Richard Blumenthal \| Democratic \| \| Incumbent re-elected. \| √ Richard Blumenthal (Democratic) 63.2% Dan Carter (Republican) 34.6% Richard Lion (Libertarian) 1.1 Jeff Russell (Green) 1.0 \nFlorida \| Rubio, Marco Marco Rubio \| Republican \| \| Incumbent re-elected. \| √ Marco Rubio (Republican) 52.0% Patrick Murphy (Democratic) 44.3% Paul Stanton (Libertarian) 2.1 \nGeorgia \| Isakson, Johnny Johnny Isakson \| Republican \| \| Incumbent re-elected. \| √ Johnny Isakson (Republican) 54.8% Jim Barksdale (Democratic) 41% Allen Buckley (Libertarian) 4.16% \nHawaii \| Schatz, Brian Brian Schatz \| Democratic \| 2012! 2012 (Appointed) 2014 (Special) \| Incumbent re-elected. \| √ Brian Schatz (Democratic) 73.6% John Carroll (Republican) 22.2% \nIdaho \| Crapo, Mike Mike Crapo \| Republican \| 1998 \| Incumbent re-elected. \| √ Mike Crapo (Republican) 66.1% Jerry Sturgill (Democratic) 27.8% \n\nRay Writz (Constitution) 6.0% \n \nIllinois \| Kirk, Mark Mark Kirk \| Republican \| \| Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain. \| √ Tammy Duckworth (Democratic) 54.9% Mark Kirk (Republican) 39.8% Kent McMillen (Libertarian) 3.2% Scott Summers (Green) 2.1 \nIndiana \| Coats, Dan Dan Coats \| Republican \| 1989 (Appointed) 1990 (Special) 1992 1998 (Retired) \| Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican hold. \| √ Todd Young (Republican) 52.1% Evan Bayh (Democratic) 42.4% Lucy Brenton (Libertarian) 5.5% \nIowa \| Grassley, Chuck Chuck Grassley \| Republican \| 1980 1986 1992 1998 \| Incumbent re-elected. \| √ Chuck Grassley (Republican) 60.1% Patty Judge (Democratic) 35.7% John Heiderscheit (Libertarian) 2.7 \nKansas \| Moran, Jerry Jerry Moran \| Republican \| \| Incumbent re-elected. \| √ Jerry Moran (Republican) 62.1% Patrick Wiesner (Democratic) 32.2% Robert Garrard (Libertarian) 5.5% \nKentucky \| Paul, Rand Rand Paul \| Republican \| \| Incumbent re-elected. \| √ Rand Paul (Republican) 57.27% Jim Gray (Democratic) 42.73% \nLouisiana \| Vitter, David David Vitter \| Republican \| \| Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican hold. \| √ John N. Kennedy (Republican) 60.65% Foster Campbell (Democratic) 39.35% \nMaryland \| Mikulski, Barbara Barbara Mikulski \| Democratic \| 1986 1992 1998 \| Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic hold. \| √ Chris Van Hollen (Democratic) 60.9% Kathy Szeliga (Republican) 35.7% Margaret Flowers (Green) \nMissouri \| Blunt, Roy Roy Blunt \| Republican \| \| Incumbent re-elected. \| √ Roy Blunt (Republican) 49.3% Jason Kander (Democratic) 46.2% Jonathan Dine (Libertarian) \nNevada \| Reid, Harry Harry Reid \| Democratic \| 1986 1992 1998 \| Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic hold. \| √ Catherine Cortez Masto (Democratic) 47.1% Joe Heck (Republican) 44.7%", "Tom Jones (Independent American) Tony Gumina (unaffiliated) Tom Sawyer (unaffiliated) Jarrod Michael Williams (unaffiliated) (None of these candidates) \n \nNew Hampshire \| Ayotte, Kelly Kelly Ayotte \| Republican \| \| Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain. \| √ Maggie Hassan (Democratic) 47.97% Kelly Ayotte (Republican) 47.87% Brian Chabot (Libertarian) \nNew York \| Schumer, Chuck Chuck Schumer \| Democratic \| 1998 \| Incumbent re-elected. \| √ Chuck Schumer (Democratic) 70.4% Wendy Long (Republican) 27.4% Alex Merced (Libertarian) Robin Wilson (Green) \nNorth Carolina \| Burr, Richard Richard Burr \| Republican \| \| Incumbent re-elected. \| √ Richard Burr (Republican) 51.1% Deborah Ross (Democratic) 45.3% Sean Haugh (Libertarian) \nNorth Dakota \| Hoeven, John John Hoeven \| Republican \| \| Incumbent re-elected. \| √ John Hoeven (Republican) 78.4% Eliot Glassheim (Democratic) 17.0% Robert Marquette (Libertarian) \nOhio \| Portman, Rob Rob Portman \| Republican \| \| Incumbent re-elected. \| √ Rob Portman (Republican) 58.0% Ted Strickland (Democratic) 37.1% Joseph DeMare (Green) \nOklahoma \| Lankford, James James Lankford \| Republican \| 2014 (Special) \| Incumbent re-elected. \| √ James Lankford (Republican) 67.7% Mike Workman (Democratic) 24.5% Robert Murphy (Libertarian) \nOregon \| Wyden, Ron Ron Wyden \| Democratic \| 1996 (Special) 1998 \| Incumbent re-elected. \| √ Ron Wyden (Democratic) 56.1% Mark Callahan (Republican) 33.35% Jim Lindsay (Libertarian) Eric Navickas (Green) \nPennsylvania \| Toomey, Pat Pat Toomey \| Republican \| \| Incumbent re-elected. \| √ Pat Toomey (Republican) 48.9% Katie McGinty (Democratic) 47.2% Edward Clifford (Libertarian) \nSouth Carolina \| Scott, Tim Tim Scott \| Republican \| 2013! 2013 (Appointed) 2014 (Special) \| Incumbent re-elected. \| √ Tim Scott (Republican) 60.5% Thomas Dixon (Democratic) 37.0% Bill Bledsoe (Libertarian) \nSouth Dakota \| Thune, John John Thune \| Republican \| \| Incumbent re-elected. \| √ John Thune (Republican) 71.8% Jay Williams (Democratic) 28.2% \nUtah \| Lee, Mike Mike Lee \| Republican \| \| Incumbent re-elected. \| √ Mike Lee (Republican) 68.1% Misty K. Snow (Democratic) 27.1% Stoney Fonua (Independent American) Bill Barron (unaffiliated) \nVermont \| Leahy, Patrick Patrick Leahy \| Democratic \| 1980 1986 1992 1998 \| Incumbent re-elected. \| √ Patrick Leahy (Democratic) 59.9% Scott Milne (Republican) 32.3% Pete Diamondstone (Liberty Union) Cris Ericson (Marijuana) Jerry Trudell (unaffiliated) \nWashington \| Murray, Patty Patty Murray \| Democratic \| 1992 1998 \| Incumbent re-elected. \| √ Patty Murray (Democratic) 59.04% Chris Vance (Republican) 40.96% \nWisconsin \| Johnson, Ron Ron Johnson \| Republican \| \| Incumbent re-elected. \| √ Ron Johnson (Republican) 50.19% Russ Feingold (Democratic) 46.84% Phil Anderson (Libertarian) 2.7% \n Investment firm executive Jim Barksdale, project manager Cheryl Copeland, and businessman John Coyne ran for the Democratic nomination. USAF veteran Jim Knox was running but dropped out of the race. Barksdale defeated Copeland in a close race to win the Democratic nomination. \n Kansas election \n--- \n← 2010 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| Jerry Moran \| Patrick Wiesner \| \nParty \| Republican \| Democratic \nPopular vote \| 732,376 \| 379,740 \nPercentage \| 62.2% \| 32.2% \n\| \| \nNominee \| Robert Garrard \| \| \nParty \| Libertarian \| \nPopular vote \| 65,760 \| \nPercentage \| 5.6% \| \nCounty results \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nJerry Moran Republican \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nJerry Moran Republican \n \n---\|---\n Maryland Democratic primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Chris Van Hollen \| 470,320 \| 53.2% \n\| Democratic \| Donna Edwards \| 343,620 \| 38.9% \n\| Democratic \| Freddie Dickson \| 14,856 \| 1.7% \n\| Democratic \| Theresa Scaldaferri \| 13,178 \| 1.5% \n\| Democratic \| Violet Staley \| 10,244 \| 1.2% \n\| Democratic \| Lih Young \| 8,561 \| 1.0% \n\| Democratic \| Charles Smith \| 7,912 \| 0.9% \n\| Democratic \| Ralph Jaffe \| 7,161 \| 0.8% \n\| Democratic \| Blaine Taylor \| 5,932 \| 0.7% \n\| Democratic \| Ed Tinus \| 2,560 \| 0.3% \nTotal votes \| 884,344 \| 100.00% \n This table shows the primary dates for regularly-scheduled elections. It also shows the type of primary. \n Republican primary results Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| Richard Shelby \| 505,586 \| 64.91% \n\| Republican \| Jonathan McConnell \| 214,770 \| 27.58% \n\| Republican \| John Martin \| 23,558 \| 3.02% \n\| Republican \| Marcus Bowman \| 19,707 \| 2.53% \n\| Republican \| Shadrack McGill \| 15,230 \| 1.96% \nTotal votes \| 778,851 \| 100.00% \n Two-term Senator Lisa Murkowski (Republican) was appointed in 2002 and elected to a full term in 2004. She was defeated in the Republican primary in 2010 by Joe Miller. She later ran as a write-in candidate in the 2010 general election and was re-elected to a second full term with 40% of the vote, making her one of two senators in US history to win election via write-in votes. She was 59 years old in 2016. She ran for re-election. \n Oregon Democratic primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Ron Wyden \| 501,903 \| 83.20% \n\| Democratic \| Kevin Stine \| 78,287 \| 12.98% \n\| Democratic \| Paul Weaver \| 20,346 \| 3.37% \n\| \| write-ins \| 2,740 \| 0.45% \nTotal votes \| 603,276 \| 100.00% \n Lexington Mayor Jim Gray, Rory Houlihan, Ron Leach, Sellus Wilder Jeff Kender, Tom Recktenwald (who was a candidate in 2014), and Grant Short ran for the Democratic nomination. Gray won the nomination. \n Five-term U.S. Senator Barbara Mikulski of the Democratic Party was re-elected with 62% of the vote in 2010. She is the longest-serving female Senator and the longest-serving woman in the history of the U.S. Congress. She is not seeking re-election. \n Wisconsin general election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \| ± \n---\|---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| Ron Johnson (Incumbent) \| 1,479,471 \| 50.2 \| \\- 1.7 \n\| Democratic \| Russ Feingold \| 1,380,335 \| 46.8 \| \\- 0.2 \n\| Libertarian \| Phillip Anderson \| 87,531 \| 3.0 \| N/A \n\| \| Write-In Votes \| 8 \| 0.0 \| N/A \nMajority \| 99,136 \| 3.4 \| \\- 1.5 \nTurnout \| 2,947,345 \| 100.0 \| \n\| Republican hold \n Georgia election \n--- \n← 2010 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| Johnny Isakson \| Jim Barksdale \| \nParty \| Republican \| Democratic \nPopular vote \| 2,135,806 \| 1,599,726 \nPercentage \| 54.8% \| 41.0% \nCounty results \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nJohnny Isakson Republican \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator", "Johnny Isakson Republican \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nJohnny Isakson Republican \n \n---\|---\n Parties \| \| \| \| \| \| Total \n---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|--- \nDemocratic \| Republican \| Independent \| Libertarian \| Other \nBefore these elections \| 44 \| 54 \| \| \\-- \| \\-- \| 100 \nNot up \| 34 \| 30 \| \| \\-- \| \\-- \| 66 \n\| Class 1 (2012 → 2018) \| 23 \| 8 \| \| \\-- \| \\-- \| 33 \nClass 2 (2014 → 2020) \| 11 \| 22 \| 0 \| \\-- \| \\-- \| 33 \nUp \| 10 \| 24 \| 0 \| \\-- \| \\-- \| 34 \n\| Class 3 (2010 → 2016) \| 10 \| 24 \| 0 \| \\-- \| \\-- \| 34 \nSpecial:All classes \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \\-- \| \\-- \| 0 \nGeneral election \nIncumbent retired \| \| \| \\-- \| \\-- \| \\-- \| 5 \n\| Held by same party \| \| \| \\-- \| \\-- \| \\-- \| 5 \nReplaced by other party \| 0 \| 0 \| \\-- \| \\-- \| \\-- \| 0 \nResult \| \| \| \\-- \| \\-- \| \\-- \| 5 \nIncumbent ran \| 7 \| 22 \| \\-- \| \\-- \| \\-- \| 29 \n\| Won re-election \| 7 \| 20 \| \\-- \| \\-- \| \\-- \| 27 \nLost re-election \| 2 Republicans replaced by 2 Democrats \| \\-- \| \\-- \| \\-- \| \nLost renomination but held by same party \| 0 \| 0 \| \\-- \| \\-- \| \\-- \| 0 \nResult \| 9 \| 20 \| \\-- \| \\-- \| \\-- \| 29 \nTotal elected \| 12 \| 22 \| \\-- \| \\-- \| \\-- \| 34 \nNet gain/loss \| \| \| \| \| \| \nNationwide vote \| 51,269,434 \| 40,761,406 \| 562,935 \| 1,950,641 \| 1,918,756 \| 96,103,172 \n\| Share \| 53.54% \| 42.41% \| 0.58% \| 1.65% \| 2.00% \| 100% \nResult \| 46 \| 52 \| \| \\-- \| \\-- \| 100 \n United States Senate election in Illinois Republican Primary, 2016 Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \| ± \n---\|---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| Mark Kirk (Incumbent) \| 931,619 \| 70.6 \| \\+14.0 \n\| Republican \| James T. Marter \| 388,571 \| 29.4 \| N/A \nMajority \| 543,048 \| 41.2 \| \\+3.9 \nTurnout \| 1,320,191 \| \| \\+77.9 \n Missouri Libertarian primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Libertarian \| Jonathan Dine \| 2,002 \| 54.90% \n\| Libertarian \| Herschel Young \| 1,642 \| 45.06% \nTotal votes \| 3,644 \| 100.00% \n In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning January 3, 2017; ordered by state. \n Vermont election \n--- \n← 2010 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| Patrick Leahy \| Scott Milne \| \nParty \| Democratic \| Republican \nPopular vote \| 192,243 \| 103,637 \nPercentage \| 60.0% \| 32.3% \nLeahy:50–60% 60–70% Milne:40–50% \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nPatrick Leahy Democratic \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator", "Patrick Leahy Democratic \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nPatrick Leahy Democratic \n \n---\|---\n Former U.S. Representative and 2014 Senate candidate Colleen Hanabusa may challenge Schatz in the primary again, while U.S. Representative Tulsi Gabbard declined to seek the Democratic nomination for the seat. \n Murkowski won re-election with 44% of the vote compared to Miller with 30% and Metcalfe with 11% . 15% went to other candidates. Murkowski has been re-elected three times now with 48% in 2004, 39.5% in 2010 and 44% in 2016, never having won a majority. \n One-term Senator Pat Toomey (Republican) was elected with 51% of the vote in 2010. He was 54 years old in 2016. Toomey ran for re-election. \n Rep. Van Hollen won election to the Senate with 61% of the vote to Szeliga's 36% . \n Democratic-NPL primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic-NPL \| Eliot Glassheim \| 17,243 \| 99.72% \n\| Democratic-NPL \| Write-in \| 48 \| 0.28% \nTotal votes \| 17,291 \| 100.00% \n Democratic candidates included Katie McGinty, former Chief of Staff to Governor Tom Wolf and former Secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, former Congressman Joe Sestak, who defeated incumbent Senator Arlen Specter (a Democrat turned Republican turned back to Democrat) for the 2010 Democratic nomination, but lost to Toomey in the general election, the current mayor of Braddock, Pennsylvania, John Fetterman, who is an AmeriCorps alum and Harvard University graduate, and small businessman and senate candidate in 2010 and 2012 Joseph Vodvarka. Allentown Mayor Ed Pawlowski announced his candidacy for the seat but suspended his campaign due to an FBI investigation of Allentown. McGinty won the primary and faced Toomey in the general election on November 8, 2016. Toomey defeated McGinty and retained the seat. \n State Representative Dan Carter, apparel company CEO and 2004 Senate nominee Jack Orchulli, and former Olympic athlete August Wolf ran for the Republican nomination. Another potential candidate was former West Hartford Town Councilor Joe Visconti, who ran for CT-01 in 2008 and ran as an Independent for Governor in 2014. Former U.S. Comptroller General and 2014 candidate for Lieutenant Governor David M. Walker, former U.S. Representative and 2010 candidate Rob Simmons, and economist and former CNBC television host Lawrence Kudlow declined to run. \n Arizona Green primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Green \| Gary Swing (Write-In) \| 238 \| 100.00% \nTotal votes \| 238 \| 100.00% \n In 2016, Democrats defended 10 seats, while Republicans defended 24 seats. Republicans, having won a majority of seats in the Senate in 2014, held the Senate majority with 54 seats before this election. Democrats won a net gain of two seats. Republicans retained control of the Senate for the 115th United States Congress. Only two incumbents lost their seats, Kelly Ayotte of New Hampshire and Mark Kirk of Illinois, to Democrats Maggie Hassan and Tammy Duckworth, respectively. Despite Republicans retaining control of the Senate, 2016 marks the first time since 1986 that Democrats made a net gain of seats in class 3. This is the first and only election since the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913 where the winning party in every Senate election mirrored the winning party for their state in the presidential election. \n Two-term Senator David Vitter (Republican) was re-elected with 57% of the vote in 2010. After losing the 2015 gubernatorial race, Vitter chose to retire from the Senate at the end of his term. \n Colorado general election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Michael Bennet (Incumbent) \| 1,370,710 \| 49.97% \n\| Republican \| Darryl Glenn \| 1,215,318 \| 44.31% \n\| Libertarian \| Lily Tang Williams \| 99,277 \| 3.62% \n\| Green \| Arn Menconi \| 36,805 \| 1.34% \n\| Unity \| Bill Hammons \| 9,336 \| 0.34% \n\| Independent \| Dan Chapin \| 8,361 \| 0.30% \n\| Independent \| Paul Fiorino \| 3,216 \| 0.12% \nTotal votes \| 2,743,023 \| 100.00% \n\| Democratic hold \n Congressman Joe Heck defeated eight candidates, including 2010 nominee Sharron Angle, who ran against Reid in 2010, for the Republican nomination. \n One-term Senator Rand Paul (Republican) was elected with 56% of the vote in 2010. He was 53 years old in 2016. Paul filed for re-election, although he was also running for President of the United States in 2016. Although Kentucky law did not allow for a candidate to appear twice on the same ballot, Paul successfully convinced the Kentucky GOP to adopt a caucus system for 2016, allowing Paul to run for president and for the Senate simultaneously. Kentucky law still bars Paul from appearing twice on the ballot in the general election. However, on February 3, 2016, Paul ended his campaign for the presidency and ran for reelection. James Gould and Stephen Slaughter filed to run against Paul. Paul won the Republican primary, receiving 169,180 votes (about 85%); James R. Gould received 16,611 (about 8%) and Stephen Howard Slaughter received 13,728 (about 7%). \n Medford City Councilor Kevin Stine and retired locomotive engineer Paul Weaver challenged Wyden for the Democratic nomination. Wyden won the Democratic nomination. \n Indiana Democratic primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Baron Hill \| 516,183 \| 100.00% \nTotal votes \| 516,183 \| 100.00% \n Indiana Republican primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| Todd Young \| 661,136 \| 67.0% \n\| Republican \| Marlin Stutzman \| 324,429 \| 33.0% \nTotal votes \| 985,565 \| 100.0% \n Other Democrats on the primary ballot included \"President\" Cristina Grappo, Massie Munroe, Herbert Peters, Emory Rogers, and Steve Stokes. Among the potential candidates who declined to run were Governor Jerry Brown, Lieutenant Governor Gavin Newsom, U.S. Representatives Xavier Becerra and Adam Schiff, and Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti. \n U.S. Representative Ron DeSantis, combat veteran Todd Wilcox, real estate developer Carlos Beruff, retired college lecturer Ilya Katz, and Donald J. DeRenzo ran for the Republican nomination. Ben Carson, retired neurosurgeon and candidate for President in 2016 is also mentioned as a potential candidate. On June 17, 2016, U.S. Representative David Jolly withdrew from the race to run for re-election to his House seat, four days after Rubio began openly considering reversing his decision to not run for re-election. \n Hawaii American Shopping primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Independent \| John Giuffre \| 111 \| 100.00% \nTotal votes \| 111 \| 100.00% \n Connecticut election \n--- \n← 2010 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| Richard Blumenthal \| Dan Carter \| \nParty \| Democratic \| Republican \nPopular vote \| 1,008,714 \| 552,621 \nPercentage \| 63.2% \| 34.6% \nCounty results \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nRichard Blumenthal Democratic \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator", "Richard Blumenthal Democratic \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nRichard Blumenthal Democratic \n \n---\|---\n Joseph DeMare, a machinist from Bowling Green, is the Green Party candidate. He ran unopposed in the March 15, 2016 primary, and received enough votes to substantially increase the number of enrolled Green Party members. In Ohio, the only way to join a political party is to vote in that Party's primary. \n Florida Democratic primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Patrick Murphy \| 665,985 \| 58.92% \n\| Democratic \| Alan Grayson \| 199,929 \| 17.72% \n\| Democratic \| Pam Keith \| 173,919 \| 15.40% \n\| Democratic \| Rocky De La Fuente \| 60,810 \| 5.38% \n\| Democratic \| Reginald Luster \| 29,138 \| 2.58% \nTotal votes \| 1,129,781 \| 100.00% \n United States Senate elections, 2016 \n--- \n\| ← 2014 \| November 8, 2016 \| 2018 → \n---\|---\|--- \nClass 3 (34 of the 100) seats in the United States Senate 51 seats needed for a majority \n\| \| Majority party \| Minority party \n---\|---\|--- \n\| \| \nLeader \| Mitch McConnell \| Harry Reid (Retiring) \nParty \| Republican \| Democratic \nLeader's seat \| Kentucky \| Nevada \nSeats before \| 54 \| 44 \nSeats after \| 52 \| 46 \nSeat change \| \| \nPopular vote \| 40,402,790 \| 51,496,682 \nPercentage \| 42.4% \| 53.8% \nSwing \| 9.3% \| 10.0% \nSeats up \| 24 \| 10 \nRaces won \| 22 \| 12 \n\| Third party \| \n\| \| \nParty \| Independent \| \nSeats before \| \| \nSeats after \| \| \nSeat change \| \| \nPopular vote \| 562,935 \| \nPercentage \| 0.5% \| \nSeats up \| 0 \| \nRaces won \| 0 \| \nResults of the 2016 general elections:Democratic gain Republican gain Democratic hold Republican hold \n\| Majority Leader before election \n\nMitch McConnell Republican \n\n\| Elected Majority Leader \n\nMitch McConnell Republican \n \n---\|---\n One-term Senator Mark Kirk (Republican) was elected with 48% of the vote in 2010. He was 57 years old in 2016. He ran for re-election. Kirk suffered a stroke in January 2012 that kept him away from the Senate until January 2013. In June 2013, he confirmed that he was planning to run for re-election, but speculation he might retire persisted. In November 2014, Kirk reiterated that he was going to run for re-election, saying:\"No frickin' way am I retiring.\" \n Jay Williams, Chair of the Yankton County Democratic Party, and candidate for the State House in 2010 and 2014, is running for the Democratic nomination. Other potential Democratic candidates include State Senator Bernie Hunhoff and filmmaker and former television news producer Sam Hurst. \n General election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| Lisa Murkowski (Incumbent) \| 138,149 \| 44.36% \n\| Libertarian \| Joe Miller \| 90,825 \| 29.16% \n\| Independent \| Margaret Stock \| 41,194 \| 13.23% \n\| Democratic \| Ray Metcalfe \| 36,200 \| 11.62% \n\| Independent \| Breck A. Craig \| 2,609 \| 0.84% \n\| Independent \| Ted Gianoutsos \| 1,758 \| 0.56% \n\| Write-in \| Other write-in votes \| 706 \| 0.23% \nTotal votes \| 311,441 \| 100.00% \n\| Republican hold \n Gov. Hassan won a very close election, 353,978 or 47.97% , to Sen. Ayotte's 353,262 or 47.87% , a difference of 716 votes. Sen. Ayotte conceded the race to Gov. Hassan around noon Wednesday November 9, 2016. \n One-term Senator Jerry Moran (Republican) was elected with 70% of the vote in 2010. He was 62 years old in 2016. He ran for re-election. Radiologist and 2014 Senate candidate Milton R. Wolf and U.S. Representative Tim Huelskamp declined to run. \n Maryland Green primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Green \| Margaret Flowers \| 125 \| 98.0% \n\| Green \| None of the above \| \| 2.0% \nTotal votes \| 128 \| 100.00% \n Republican primary results Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| Joe Heck \| 74,517 \| 65.0% \n\| Republican \| Sharron Angle \| 26,142 \| 23.0% \n\| Republican \| None of these candidates \| 3,902 \| 3.0% \n\| Republican \| Thomas Heck \| 3,570 \| 3.0% \n\| Republican \| Eddie Hamilton \| 2,507 \| 2.0% \n\| Republican \| D'Nese Davis \| 1,937 \| 1.8% \n\| Republican \| Bill Tarbell \| 1,179 \| 1.0% \n\| Republican \| Robert Leeds \| 662 \| 0.6% \n\| Republican \| Juston Preble \| 582 \| 0.5% \n\| Republican \| Carlo Poliak \| 279 \| 0.2% \nTotal votes \| 114,827 \| 100.0% \n California general election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Kamala Harris \| 7,542,753 \| 61.6% \n\| Democratic \| Loretta Sanchez \| 4,701,417 \| 38.4% \nTotal votes \| 12,244,170 \| 100.0% \n\| Democratic hold \n One-term Senator John Boozman (Republican) defeated two-term Senator Blanche Lincoln with 58% of the vote in 2010. He was 65 years old in 2016. Despite speculation that he might retire following health problems, Boozman ran for re-election. Fellow Republican Curtis Coleman, who ran against Boozman in 2010 but came in fifth place, ran again. \n Kentucky Democratic primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Jim Gray \| 240,613 \| 58.73% \n\| Democratic \| Sellus Wilder \| 52,728 \| 12.87% \n\| Democratic \| Ron Leach \| 39,026 \| 9.53% \n\| Democratic \| Tom Recktenwald \| 21,910 \| 5.35% \n\| Democratic \| Grant Short \| 21,558 \| 5.26% \n\| Democratic \| Jeff Kender \| 20,239 \| 4.94% \n\| Democratic \| Rory Houlihan \| 13,585 \| 3.32% \nTotal votes \| 409,659 \| 100.00% \n 1. New Hampshire, 0.14% \n\n\n Louisiana election \n--- \n\| ← 2010 \| November 8 and December 10, 2016 \| 2022 → \n---\|---\|--- \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| John Kennedy \| Foster Campbell \| \nParty \| Republican \| Democratic \nPopular vote \| 536,191 \| 347,816 \nPercentage \| 60.7% \| 39.3% \nParish Results \| \n\nKennedy \n\n50-60% 60-70% 70-80% 80-90% \| \n\nCampbell \n\n50-60% 80-90% \n---\|--- \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nDavid Vitter Republican \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator", "Louisiana election \n--- \n\| ← 2010 \| November 8 and December 10, 2016 \| 2022 → \n---\|---\|--- \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| John Kennedy \| Foster Campbell \| \nParty \| Republican \| Democratic \nPopular vote \| 536,191 \| 347,816 \nPercentage \| 60.7% \| 39.3% \nParish Results \| \n\nKennedy \n\n50-60% 60-70% 70-80% 80-90% \| \n\nCampbell \n\n50-60% 80-90% \n---\|--- \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nDavid Vitter Republican \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nJohn Kennedy Republican \n \n---\|---\n Three Republicans challenged Burr in the primary:Greg Brannon, Larry Holmquist, and former Superior Court Judge Paul Wright. On March 15, Burr won the primary with 61% of the vote. \n One-term Senator Kelly Ayotte (Republican) was elected with 60% of the vote in 2010. She was 48 years old in 2016. Ayotte ran for re-election. Jim Rubens, a former state senator, candidate for Governor in 1998 and for the Senate in 2014, announced a challenge to Ayotte in the primary, but Ayotte won the nomination. \n Former state representative Deborah Ross, Spring Lake Mayor Chris Rey, businessman Kevin Griffin, and retired U.S. Army Captain Ernest Reeves ran for the Democratic nomination. Former U.S. Senator Kay Hagan, state treasurer Janet Cowell, and Anthony Foxx, the United States Secretary of Transportation and former Mayor of Charlotte, declined to run. On March 15, Ross won the primary with 62% of the vote. \n Green primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Green \| Joe DeMare \| 3,123 \| 100.00% \nTotal votes \| 3,123 \| 100.00% \n Scott Milne, the Republican nominee who narrowly lost the 2014 Vermont gubernatorial election, ran unsuccessfully against Leahy. \n New York general election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \| ± \n---\|---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Chuck Schumer \| 4,784,218 \| 61.34% \| N/A \n\| Working Families \| Chuck Schumer \| 241,672 \| 3.10% \| N/A \n\| Independence \| Chuck Schumer \| 150,654 \| 1.93% \| N/A \n\| Women's Equality \| Chuck Schumer \| 45,401 \| 0.58% \| N/A \n\| Total \| Chuck Schumer \| 5,221,945 \| 66.95% \| \\+2.97% \n\| Republican \| Wendy Long \| 1,723,920 \| 22.10% \| N/A \n\| Conservative (N.Y.) \| Wendy Long \| 267,622 \| 3.43% \| N/A \n\| Reform \| Wendy Long \| 17,813 \| 0.23% \| N/A \n\| Total \| Wendy Long \| 2,009,335 \| 25.76% \| \\- 0.58% \n\| Green \| Robin Laverne Wilson \| 113,413 \| 1.45% \| \\+0.45% \n\| Libertarian \| Alex Merced \| 48,120 \| 0.62% \| \\+0.02% \n\| None \| Blank/Void/Scattering \| 407,786 \| 5.22% \| N/A \nTotal votes \| 7,800,619 \| 100.00% \| \n\| Democratic hold \| Swing \| \| \n New Hampshire Republican primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| Kelly Ayotte \| 86,558 \| 78.55% \n\| Republican \| Jim Rubens \| 19,139 \| 17.37% \n\| Republican \| Tom Alciere \| 1,586 \| 1.44% \n\| Republican \| Gerald Beloin \| 1,252 \| 1.14% \n\| Republican \| Stanley Emanuel \| 1,187 \| 1.08% \n\| Democratic \| Maggie Hassan (write-in) \| 301 \| 0.27% \n\| \| Scatter \| 167 \| 0.15% \nTotal votes \| 110,190 \| 100.00% \n Utah general election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \| ± \n---\|---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| Mike Lee \| 760,241 \| 68.15% \| \\+6.59% \n\| Democratic \| Misty Snow \| 301,860 \| 27.06% \| \\- 5.71% \n\| Independent American (Nev.) \| Stoney Fonua \| 27,340 \| 2.45% \| N/A \n\| Unaffiliated \| Bill Barron \| 26,167 \| 2.34% \| N/A \nMajority \| 458,381 \| \| \nTotal votes \| 1,115,608 \| 100.00% \| \n\| Republican hold \| Swing \| \| \n State \| Date \| Type \n---\|---\|--- \nAlabama \| Mar. 1 \| Open \nArkansas \| Mar. 1 \| Open \nIllinois \| Mar 15 \| Hybrid \nNorth Carolina \| Mar 15 \| Hybrid \nOhio \| Mar 15 \| Hybrid \nMaryland \| April 26 \| Hybrid \nPennsylvania \| April 26 \| Closed \nIndiana \| May 3 \| Open \nIdaho \| May 17 \| Hybrid \nKentucky \| May 17 \| Closed \nOregon \| May 17 \| Hybrid \nGeorgia \| May 24 \| Open \nCalifornia \| June 7 \| Top-two \nIowa \| June 7 \| Hybrid \nSouth Dakota \| June 7 \| Hybrid \nNevada \| June 14 \| Closed \nNorth Dakota \| June 14 \| Open \nSouth Carolina \| June 14 \| Hybrid \nColorado \| June 28 \| Hybrid \nNew York \| June 28 \| Closed \nOklahoma \| June 28 \| Hybrid \nUtah \| June 28 \| Hybrid \nKansas \| Aug 2 \| Closed \nMissouri \| Aug 2 \| Open \nWashington \| Aug 2 \| Top-two \nConnecticut \| Aug 9 \| Hybrid \nVermont \| Aug 9 \| Open \nWisconsin \| Aug 9 \| Open \nHawaii \| Aug 13 \| Open \nAlaska \| Aug 16 \| Hybrid \nArizona \| Aug 30 \| Hybrid \nFlorida \| Aug 30 \| Closed \nNew Hampshire \| Sep 13 \| Hybrid \nLouisiana \| Nov 8 \| Top-two \n United States Senate election in Alabama, 2016 Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| Richard Shelby (incumbent) \| 1,335,104 \| 63.96% \n\| Democratic \| Ron Crumpton \| 748,709 \| 35.87% \n\| Write-in \| Others \| 3,631 \| 0.17% \nTotal votes \| 2,087,444 \| 100.00% \n\| Republican hold \n Joe Walsh, a former U.S. Representative and conservative talk radio host, declined to challenge Kirk in the Republican primary. Two others filed for the right to challenge Senator Kirk in the primary:businessman James Marter, and Elizabeth Pahlke, but Pahlke was disqualified, so only Marter was on the ballot running against Kirk. On March 15, Kirk won the primary with 71% of the vote. \n Missouri Democratic primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Jason Kander \| 223,492 \| 69.87% \n\| Democratic \| Cori Bush \| 42,453 \| 13.27% \n\| Democratic \| Chief Wana Dubie \| 30,432 \| 9.51% \n\| Democratic \| Robert Mack \| 23,509 \| 7.35% \nTotal votes \| 319,886 \| 100.00% \n Cook, Sabato, Rothenberg, Daily Kos Elections, FiveThirtyEight, Real Clear Politics, Talking Points Memo, and the New York Times consider the states listed below to be safe seats for the party currently holding the seat. \n Safe Republican \| Safe Democratic \n---\|--- \nAlabama \| California \nArkansas \| Connecticut \nIdaho \| Hawaii \nKansas \| Maryland \nNorth Dakota \| New York \nOklahoma \| Oregon \nSouth Carolina \| Vermont \nSouth Dakota \| Washington \nUtah \| \n Arizona election \n--- \n← 2010 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| John McCain \| Ann Kirkpatrick \| \nParty \| Republican \| Democratic \nPopular vote \| 1,359,267 \| 1,031,245 \nPercentage \| 53.7% \| 40.8% \n\| \| \nNominee \| Gary Swing \| \| \nParty \| Green \| \nPopular vote \| 138,634 \| \nPercentage \| 5.5% \| \nCounty results \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nJohn McCain Republican \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nJohn McCain Republican \n \n---\|---\n Charles Collins, a Republican who ran for the Senate in 2012 and for Governor in 2014, was seeking the nomination again, but withdrew from the race. \n Nevada election \n--- \n← 2010 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| Catherine Cortez Masto \| Joe Heck \| \nParty \| Democratic \| Republican \nPopular vote \| 521,994 \| 495,079 \nPercentage \| 47.1% \| 44.7% \nCounty results \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nHarry Reid Democratic \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator", "John McCain Republican \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nJohn McCain Republican \n \n---\|---\n Charles Collins, a Republican who ran for the Senate in 2012 and for Governor in 2014, was seeking the nomination again, but withdrew from the race. \n Nevada election \n--- \n← 2010 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| Catherine Cortez Masto \| Joe Heck \| \nParty \| Democratic \| Republican \nPopular vote \| 521,994 \| 495,079 \nPercentage \| 47.1% \| 44.7% \nCounty results \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nHarry Reid Democratic \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nCatherine Cortez Masto Democratic \n \n---\|---\n Democrats endorsed state representative Eliot Glassheim On November 7, 2015, the Libertarian party nominated Robert Marquette. \n Thomas Lamb, a candidate for the State House in 2006, and Bob Lochner filed to run against Murkowski. Other potential Republican primary challengers included 2010 nominee and 2014 candidate Joe Miller, State Senator Mike J. Dunleavy, former Lieutenant Governor Mead Treadwell, and former Mayor of Anchorage Dan Sullivan. \n Polling conducted by the SurveyUSA from March 30, 2016 to April 3, 2016 indicated that Harris was ahead with 26% , compared to Rep. Sánchez with 22% , Del Beccaro with 8% , Wyman with 8% , and Sundheim with 3% ; 7% of those polled were supporting other candidates, and 24% were undecided. \n Where a site gives a percentage probability as its primary indicator of expected outcome, the chart below classifies a race as follows:\n Indiana general election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| Todd Young \| 1,423,991 \| 52.11% \n\| Democratic \| Evan Bayh \| 1,158,947 \| 42.41% \n\| Libertarian \| Lucy Brenton \| 149,481 \| 5.47% \n\| Write-in \| James L. Johnson, Jr. \| 127 \| 0.01% \nMajority \| 265,044 \| 9.70% \nTotal votes \| 2,732,573 \| 100.00% \n\| Republican hold \n Patrick Wiesner, an attorney and a candidate for the Senate in 2010 and 2014, defeated Monique Singh-Bey for the Democratic nomination. Potential candidates who declined to run included Wichita Mayor Carl Brewer, 2014 Governor nominee Paul Davis, former Kansas City Mayor Joe Reardon, former U.S. Representative and 2008 nominee Jim Slattery, and 2014 KS-02 nominee Margie Wakefield. \n Louisiana general election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \| ± \n---\|---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| John Kennedy \| 536,191 \| 60.65% \| \\+4.09% \n\| Democratic \| Foster Campbell \| 347,816 \| 39.35% \| \\+1.68% \nMajority \| 188,375 \| 21.30% \| \nTotal votes \| 884,007 \| 100.00% \| \n\| Republican hold \| Swing \| \| \n North Carolina Democratic primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Deborah Ross \| 614,414 \| 62.32% \n\| Democratic \| Chris Rey \| 162,869 \| 16.52% \n\| Democratic \| Kevin Griffin \| 115,618 \| 11.73% \n\| Democratic \| Ernest Reeves \| 93,005 \| 9.43% \nTotal votes \| 985,906 \| 100.00% \n Marriage therapist Jonathan Swinton and grocery store clerk Misty Snow, a transgender woman, ran for the Democratic nomination. Snow defeated Swinton by more than 20 percentage points, running to the left of Swinton, criticizing him for supporting limitations on abortion rights. She became the first transgender woman to become a major party's nominee for the Senate. \n Democratic primary results Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Russ Feingold \| 303,282 \| 90.14 \n\| Democratic \| Scott Harbach \| 33,185 \| 9.86 \nTotal votes \| 336,467 \| 100.00 \n Democratic primary results Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Ron Crumpton \| 145,681 \| 55.97% \n\| Democratic \| Charles Nana \| 114,617 \| 44.03% \nTotal votes \| 260,298 \| 100.00% \n Vermont Democratic primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Patrick Leahy (Incumbent) \| 62,412 \| 89.15% \n\| Democratic \| Cris Ericson \| 7,595 \| 10.85% \nTotal votes \| 70,007 \| 100.00% \n Other primary elections Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Ray Metcalfe \| 15,228 \| 50.06% \n\| Democratic \| Edgar Blatchford \| 10,090 \| 33.17% \n\| Libertarian \| Cean Stevens \| 5,102 \| 16.77% \nTotal votes \| 30,420 \| 100.00% \n For the Democrats, Secretary of State Jason Kander easily won the nomination, defeating Robert Mack, Pastor Cori Bush and activist Chief Wana Dubie. Governor Jay Nixon and State Treasurer Clint Zweifel chose not to seek election to the Senate. \n Two-term Republican Senator Jim DeMint (Republican) was re-elected with 61% of the vote in 2010. He resigned at the start of 2013 to become President of The Heritage Foundation and U.S. Representative Tim Scott (Republican) of South Carolina's 1st congressional district was appointed to replace DeMint by Governor Nikki Haley. \n Democratic candidates included Public Service Commissioner Foster Campbell, attorney Derrick Edwards, Caroline Fayard, an attorney and candidate for Lieutenant Governor in 2010, and businessman Josh Pellerin. Other potential Democratic candidates included state legislators Robert Johnson, Eric LaFleur, and Gary Smith, Jr., and Mayor of Alexandria Jacques Roy. Former U.S. Senator Mary Landrieu and her brother, New Orleans Mayor Mitch Landrieu, declined to run. \n North Carolina Republican primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| Richard Burr \| 622,074 \| 61.41% \n\| Republican \| Greg Brannon \| 255,030 \| 25.17% \n\| Republican \| Paul Wright \| 85,944 \| 8.48% \n\| Republican \| Larry Holmquist \| 50,010 \| 4.94% \nTotal votes \| 1,013,058 \| 100.00% \n North Dakota Republican primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| John Hoeven \| 103,677 \| 99.57% \n\| Republican \| Write-in \| 445 \| 0.43% \nTotal votes \| 104,122 \| 100.00% \n Cortez Masto was elected with 47.1% of the vote to Heck's 44.7% . \n \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \n---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \n\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \nRan \| Ran \| Ran \| Ran \| Ran \| Ran \| \| \| \| \nRan \| Retired \| Retired \| Retired \| \| \| Retired \| Retired \| Ran \| Ran \nMajority → \nRan \| Ran \| Ran \| Ran \| Ran \| Ran \| Ran \| Ran \| Ran \| Ran \nRan \| Ran \| Ran \| Ran \| Ran \| Ran \| Ran \| Ran \| Ran \| Ran \n\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \n\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \n\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \n * Tossup:50-55% \n * Tilt:56-60% \n * Lean:61-75% \n * Likely:76-93% \n * Safe:94-100% \n\n\n Idaho general election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \| ± \n---\|---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| Mike Crapo (Incumbent) \| 449,017 \| 66.13% \| \\- 5.06% \n\| Democratic \| Jerry Sturgill \| 188,249 \| 27.73% \| N/A \n\| Constitution \| Ray J. Writz \| 41,677 \| 6.14% \| N/A \nMajority \| 260,768 \| 38.40% \| \nTotal votes \| 678,943 \| 100.0% \| \\+51.06% \n\| Republican hold \| Swing \| \| \n New York election \n--- \n← 2010 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| Chuck Schumer \| Wendy Long \| \nParty \| Democratic \| Republican \nPopular vote \| 5,221,945 \| 2,009,355 \nPercentage \| 70.6% \| 27.2% \nSchumer:50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% Long:50–60% \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nChuck Schumer Democratic \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator", "Chuck Schumer Democratic \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nChuck Schumer Democratic \n \n---\|---\n Hawaii Democratic primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Brian Schatz (Incumbent) \| 162,891 \| 86.17% \n\| Democratic \| Makani Christensen \| 11,898 \| 6.29% \n\| Democratic \| Miles Shiratori \| 8,620 \| 4.56% \n\| Democratic \| Arturo Reyes \| 3,819 \| 2.02% \n\| Democratic \| Tutz Honeychurch \| 1,815 \| 0.96% \nTotal votes \| 189,043 \| 100.00% \n Republican primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| Lisa Murkowski (Incumbent) \| 39,545 \| 71.52% \n\| Republican \| Bob Lochner \| 8,480 \| 15.34% \n\| Republican \| Paul Kendall \| 4,272 \| 7.73% \n\| Republican \| Thomas Lamb \| 2,996 \| 5.42% \nTotal votes \| 55,293 \| 100.00% \n Arizona Republican primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| John McCain \| 302,532 \| 51.7% \n\| Republican \| Kelli Ward \| 235,988 \| 39.2% \n\| Republican \| Alex Meluskey \| 31,159 \| 5.5% \n\| Republican \| Clair Van Steenwyk \| 21,476 \| 3.6% \n\| Republican \| Sean Webster (Write-In) \| 175 \| 0.0% \nTotal votes \| 591,330 \| 100.00% \n With the retirement of Harry Reid, Chuck Schumer became the Democratic leader after the elections, while Mitch McConnell retained his position as Senate Majority Leader. \n A series of polls taken by WMUR/UNH in February, April, and July 2016, as well as WBUR polls taken in May and July/August, show Hassan gaining support over time and now leading Ayotte. \n Iowa Republican primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| Chuck Grassley (Incumbent) \| 90,089 \| 98.36% \n\| Republican \| Write-ins \| 1,500 \| 1.64% \nTotal votes \| 91,589 \| 100.00% \n Colorado Republican primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| Darryl Glenn \| 131,125 \| 37.74% \n\| Republican \| Jack Graham \| 85,400 \| 24.58% \n\| Republican \| Robert Blaha \| 57,196 \| 16.46% \n\| Republican \| Jon Keyser \| 43,509 \| 12.52% \n\| Republican \| Ryan Frazier \| 30,241 \| 8.70% \nTotal votes \| 347,471 \| 100.00% \n All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats. \n Republicans who ran for the seat included U.S. Representatives Charles Boustany and John Fleming, former U.S. Representative Joseph Cao, State Treasurer John Kennedy, retired U.S. Air Force Colonel Rob Maness, and former Louisiana State Representative David Duke. Other potential Republican candidates included Public Service Commissioner Erik Skrmetta, 2014 candidate for LA-05 Zach Dasher, state representative Paul Hollis, and former President of Jefferson Parish John Young. \n Georgia Democratic primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Jim Barksdale \| 166,627 \| 53.74% \n\| Democratic \| Cheryl Copeland \| 130,822 \| 42.19% \n\| Democratic \| John Coyne \| 12,604 \| 4.07% \nTotal votes \| 310,053 \| 100.00% \n Oklahoma general election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| James Lankford (Incumbent) \| 980,892 \| 67.74% \n\| Democratic \| Mike Workman \| 355,911 \| 24.58% \n\| Libertarian \| Robert T. Murphy \| 43,421 \| 3.00% \n\| Independent \| Sean Braddy \| 40,405 \| 2.79% \n\| Independent \| Mark T. Beard \| 27,418 \| 1.89% \nMajority \| 624,981 \| 43.16% \nTotal votes \| 1,448,047 \| 100.00% \n\| Republican hold \n Pennsylvania Republican primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| Pat Toomey \| 1,342,941 \| 100.00% \nTotal votes \| 1,342,941 \| 100.00% \n \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \n---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \n\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \nRe-elected \| Re-elected \| Re-elected \| Re-elected \| Re-elected \| Re-elected \| \| \| \| \nRe-elected \| Hold \| Hold \| Hold \| Gain \| Gain \| \| \| Hold \| Hold \nMajority → \nRe-elected \| Re-elected \| Re-elected \| Re-elected \| Re-elected \| Re-elected \| Re-elected \| Re-elected \| Re-elected \| Re-elected \nRe-elected \| Re-elected \| Re-elected \| Re-elected \| Re-elected \| Re-elected \| Re-elected \| Re-elected \| Re-elected \| Re-elected \n\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \n\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \n\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \n Former Lt Governor Patty Judge earned the Democratic nomination by defeating State Senator Rob Hogg, former state Senator Tom Fiegen, and former state representative Bob Krause. Former state representative Ray Zirkelbach briefly ran but ended his campaign soon after. \n Brian Chabot is the Libertarian candidate for US Senate in 2016. He is a relative newcomer to politics, having run for US Senate in 2010 and US Representative in 2014. \n On the Democratic side, pastor Thomas Dixon ran in the general primary on November 8, 2016 but was defeated by the incumbent, Scott. \n Florida Republican primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| Marco Rubio (Incumbent) \| 1,029,830 \| 71.99% \n\| Republican \| Carlos Beruff \| 264,427 \| 18.49% \n\| Republican \| Dwight Young \| 91,082 \| 6.37% \n\| Republican \| Ernie Rivera \| 45,153 \| 3.16% \nTotal votes \| 1,430,492 \| 100.00% \n This election marks the first time since 2000 in which the party in opposition to the elected or reelected presidential candidate made net gains in the Senate, with both cases being a Republican president and Democratic gains in the Senate. Also in both cases, the president won in the electoral college but lost the popular vote. \n Indicates a state that requires primary run-off elections under certain conditions. \n Following the divisive Republican primary in Mississippi ahead of the 2014 election in which Senator Thad Cochran was almost defeated, it had been speculated that Shelby could also face a Tea Party primary challenger, due to his lengthy tenure and support for federal largesse. However, that didn't happen, in part due to his large campaign war chest, which stood at $19.4 million as of September 2015. If Shelby had decided to retire, numerous high-profile Alabama Republicans were speculated to run, including U.S. Representatives Robert Aderholt, Mo Brooks, Bradley Byrne, Gary Palmer, Martha Roby, and Mike Rogers, State Treasurer Young Boozer, State Speaker Mike Hubbard, Lieutenant Governor Kay Ivey, State Senate President Pro Tempore Del Marsh, Secretary of State John Merrill, U.S. Appeals Court Judge William H. Pryor, Jr., former Governor Bob Riley, and Attorney General Luther Strange. Shelby announced in January 2015 that he would run for re-election. \n South Carolina election \n--- \n← 2014 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| Tim Scott \| Thomas Dixon \| \nParty \| Republican \| Democratic \nPopular vote \| 1,241,609 \| 757,022 \nPercentage \| 60.6% \| 36.9% \nCounty results \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nTim Scott Republican \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator", "Tim Scott Republican \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nTim Scott Republican \n \n---\|---\n One-term Senator Ron Johnson (Republican) defeated three-term Senator Russ Feingold (Democrat) with 52% of the vote in 2010. \n Maryland general election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \| ± \n---\|---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Chris Van Hollen \| 1,659,907 \| 60.89% \| \\- 1.30% \n\| Republican \| Kathy Szeliga \| 972,557 \| 35.67% \| \\- 0.08% \n\| Green \| Margaret Flowers \| 89,970 \| 3.30% \| \\+2.06% \n\| Write-ins \| \| 3,736 \| 0.14% \| \\+0.03% \nMajority \| 687,350 \| 25.21% \| \nTotal votes \| 2,726,170 \| 100.00% \| \n\| Democratic hold \| Swing \| \| \n One-term Senator Marco Rubio (Republican) was elected in a three-way race with 49% of the vote in 2010. In April 2014, Rubio stated that he would not run for both the Senate and President in 2016, as Florida law prohibits a candidate from appearing twice on a ballot. In April 2015, he announced that he would run for President and would not seek re-election. After suspending his campaign on March 15, 2016, Rubio announced on June 22, 2016 that he changed his mind and will run for re-election. \n Two-term Senator Tom Coburn (Republican) was re-elected with 71% of the vote in 2010, but chose to leave office before the end of his term after being diagnosed with prostate cancer. James Lankford won the 2014 special election to serve the remainder of Coburn's term. Lankford ran for re-election. \n Scott subsequently won the special election in 2014 for the remaining two years of the term. Scott ran for re-election and he was a potential Republican vice presidential nominee. \n Johnson and Feingold faced each other again, and Johnson again defeated Feingold, in what many observers and pundits considered to be a surprising and uphill victory. \n Information technology consultant and 2014 candidate Mark Callahan, businessman Sam Carpenter, business consultant Dan Laschober, Steven Reynolds, and Lane County commissioner Faye Stewart ran for the Republican nomination. Callahan won the Republican nomination. \n Two-term Senator Richard Burr (Republican) was re-elected with 55% of the vote in 2010. He was 61 years old in 2016. There had been speculation that Burr might retire, but he ran for re-election. \n Idaho Republican primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| Mike Crapo \| 119,633 \| 100.00% \nTotal votes \| 119,633 \| 100.00% \n Five-term Senator and Senate Minority Leader Harry Reid (Democrat) was re-elected with 50% of the vote in 2010. Reid is not seeking re-election. Former Nevada Attorney General Catherine Cortez Masto earned the Democratic nomination, defeating Bobby Mahendra, Liddo Susan O'Briant, and Allen Rheinhart in the primary on June 14, 2016. \n Former Sen. Bayh lost his bid to regain his seat to Rep. Young. Rep Young garnered 52% to Bayh's 42% \n Sen. Grassley won re-election with 60% to Judge's 36% . \n Sen. Rubio won re-election with 52% of the vote compared to Murphy's 44% . \n Several sites and individuals publish predictions of competitive seats. These predictions look at factors such as the strength of the incumbent (if the incumbent is running for re-election), the strength of the candidates, and the partisan leanings of the state (reflected in part by the state's Cook Partisan Voting Index rating). The predictions assign ratings to each seat, with the rating indicating the predicted advantage that a party has in winning that seat. Most election predictors use \"tossup\" to indicate that neither party has an advantage, \"lean\" to indicate that one party has a slight advantage, \"likely\" or \"favored\" to indicate that one party has a significant but not insurmountable advantage, and \"safe\" or \"solid\" to indicate that one party has a near-certain chance of victory. Some predictions also include a \"tilt\" rating that indicates that one party has an advantage that is not quite as strong as the \"lean\" rating would indicate. \n Idaho election \n--- \n← 2010 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| Mike Crapo \| Jerry Sturgill \| \nParty \| Republican \| Democratic \nPopular vote \| 449,017 \| 188,249 \nPercentage \| 66.1% \| 27.7% \n\| \| \nNominee \| Ray Writz \| \| \nParty \| Constitution \| \nPopular vote \| 41,677 \| \nPercentage \| 6.1% \| \nCounty results \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nMike Crapo Republican \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nMike Crapo Republican \n \n---\|---\n Idaho Democratic primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Jerry Sturgill \| 26,471 \| 100.00% \nTotal votes \| 26,471 \| 100.00% \n U.S. Representative Tammy Duckworth, President and CEO of the Chicago Urban League Andrea Zopp, and State Senator Napoleon Harris ran for the Democratic nomination. On March 15, Duckworth won the primary with 64% of the vote. \n Democratic primary results Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Patrick Wiesner \| 59,522 \| 62.94% \n\| Democratic \| Monique Singh-Bey \| 35,042 \| 37.06% \nTotal votes \| 94,564 \| 100.00% \n North Carolina election \n--- \n← 2010 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| Richard Burr \| Deborah K. Ross \| \nParty \| Republican \| Democratic \nPopular vote \| 2,395,376 \| 2,128,165 \nPercentage \| 51.1% \| 45.4% \nCounty results \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nRichard Burr Republican \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator", "Richard Burr Republican \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nRichard Burr Republican \n \n---\|---\n Two-term Senator John Thune (Republican) ran unopposed and was re-elected with 100% in 2010. \n Seven-term Democratic Senator Patrick Leahy was re-elected with 64% of the vote in 2010. Leahy won re-election in 2016, aged 76. \n Arizona Democratic primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Ann Kirkpatrick \| 333,586 \| 99.85% \n\| Democratic \| Alex Bello (Write-In) \| 508 \| 0.15% \nTotal votes \| 334,094 \| 100.00% \n Two-term Senator Johnny Isakson (Republican) was re-elected with 58% of the vote in 2010. He was 71 years old in 2016. He ran for re-election. In 2015, Isakson announced he was being treated for Parkinson's disease, but stated that his treatment would not interfere with his re-election campaign or his ability to serve another term. \n Washington Blanket primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Patty Murray (Incumbent) \| 745,421 \| 53.82% \n\| Republican \| Chris Vance \| 381,004 \| 27.51% \n\| Republican \| Eric John Makus \| 57,825 \| 4.18% \n\| Democratic \| Phil Cornell \| 46,460 \| 3.35% \n\| Republican \| Scott Nazarino \| 41,542 \| 3.00% \n\| Libertarian \| Mike Luke \| 20,988 \| 1.52% \n\| Democratic \| Mohammad Said \| 13,362 \| 0.96% \n\| Independent \| Donna Rae Lands \| 11,472 \| 0.83% \n\| Independent \| Ted Cummings \| 11,028 \| 0.80% \n\| Independent \| Sam Wright \| 10,751 \| 0.78% \n\| Republican \| Uncle Mover \| 8,569 \| 0.62% \n\| Independent \| Jeremy Teuton \| 7,991 \| 0.58% \n\| Democratic \| Thor Amundson \| 7,906 \| 0.57% \n\| Independent \| Chuck Jackson \| 6,318 \| 0.46% \n\| Independent \| Pano Churchill \| 5,150 \| 0.37% \n\| Independent \| Zach Haller \| 5,092 \| 0.37% \n\| Independent \| Alex Tsimerman \| 4,117 \| 0.30% \nTotal votes \| 1,384,996 \| 100.00% \n South Dakota general election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| John Thune (Incumbent) \| 265,494 \| 71.83% \n\| Democratic \| Jay Williams \| 104,125 \| 28.17% \nMajority \| 161,369 \| 43.66% \nTotal votes \| 369,619 \| 100.00% \n\| Republican hold \n Missouri Constitution primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Constitution \| Fred Ryman \| 545 \| 100.00% \nTotal votes \| 545 \| 100.00% \n One-term Senator Richard Blumenthal (Democrat) was elected with 55% of the vote in 2010. He was 70 years old in 2016. He ran for re-election. \n Darryl Glenn won the Republican nomination with 37% of the vote against four other opponents. \n Alabama election \n--- \n← 2010 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| Richard Shelby \| Ron Crumpton \| \nParty \| Republican \| Democratic \nPopular vote \| 1,335,104 \| 748,709 \nPercentage \| 63.9% \| 35.8% \nCounty results \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nRichard Shelby Republican \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nRichard Shelby Republican \n \n---\|---\n Arkansas Republican primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| John Boozman \| 298,039 \| 76.45% \n\| Republican \| Curtis Coleman \| 91,795 \| 23.55% \nTotal votes \| 389,834 \| 100.00% \n One-term Senator Michael Bennet (Democrat) was appointed in 2009 and elected to a full term with 48% of the vote in 2010. He was 51 years old in 2016. He ran for re-election. \n Sen. Schatz won re-election with 74% of the vote compared to Carroll's 22% . \n Libertarian primary results Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Libertarian \| Robert Garrard \| \| 100.00% \nTotal votes \| \| 100.00% \n Missouri Republican primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| Roy Blunt \| 481,444 \| 72.55% \n\| Republican \| Kristi Nichols \| 134,025 \| 20.20% \n\| Republican \| Ryan Luethy \| 29,328 \| 4.42% \n\| Republican \| Bernie Mowinski \| 18,789 \| 2.83% \nTotal votes \| 663,586 \| 100.00% \n Colorado election \n--- \n← 2010 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| Michael Bennet \| Darryl Glenn \| \nParty \| Democratic \| Republican \nPopular vote \| 1,370,710 \| 1,215,318 \nPercentage \| 50.0% \| 44.3% \nCounty results \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nMichael Bennet Democratic \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nMichael Bennet Democratic \n \n---\|---\n Utah election \n--- \n← 2010 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| Mike Lee \| Misty Snow \| \nParty \| Republican \| Democratic \nPopular vote \| 760,241 \| 301,860 \nPercentage \| 68.2% \| 27.1% \nCounty results \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nMike Lee Republican \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nMike Lee Republican \n \n---\|---\n Maryland Republican primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| Kathy Szeliga \| 135,337 \| 35.6% \n\| Republican \| Chris Chaffee \| 52,066 \| 13.7% \n\| Republican \| Chrys Kefalas \| 36,340 \| 9.6% \n\| Republican \| Richard Douglas \| 29,007 \| 7.6% \n\| Republican \| Dave Wallace \| 23,226 \| 6.1% \n\| Republican \| Sean Connor \| 21,727 \| 5.7% \n\| Republican \| Lynn Richardson \| 20,792 \| 5.5% \n\| Republican \| John Graziani \| 16,722 \| 4.4% \n\| Republican \| Greg Holmes \| 16,148 \| 4.3% \n\| Republican \| Mark McNicholas \| 9,988 \| 2.6% \n\| Republican \| Joe Hooe \| 8,282 \| 2.2% \n\| Republican \| Anthony Seda \| 3,873 \| 1.0% \n\| Republican \| Richard Shawver \| 3,155 \| 0.8% \n\| Republican \| Garry Yarrington \| 2,988 \| 0.8% \nTotal votes \| 379,651 \| 100.00% \n California election \n--- \n← 2010 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nCandidate \| Kamala Harris \| Loretta Sanchez \nParty \| Democratic \| Democratic \nPopular vote \| 7,542,753 \| 4,701,417 \nPercentage \| 61.6% \| 38.4% \nCounty Results \| \n\nHarris \n\n50-60% 60-70% 70-80% \| \n\nSanchez \n\n50-60% 60-70% \n---\|--- \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nBarbara Boxer Democratic \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nKamala Harris Democratic \n \n---\|---\n Pennsylvania election \n--- \n← 2010 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| Pat Toomey \| Katie McGinty \| \nParty \| Republican \| Democratic \nPopular vote \| 2,951,702 \| 2,865,012 \nPercentage \| 48.8% \| 47.3% \nCounty results \| \n\nToomey \n\n40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% \| \n\nMcGinty \n\n40–50% 50–60% 80–90% \n---\|--- \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nPat Toomey Republican \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator", "Harris \n\n50-60% 60-70% 70-80% \| \n\nSanchez \n\n50-60% 60-70% \n---\|--- \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nBarbara Boxer Democratic \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nKamala Harris Democratic \n \n---\|---\n Pennsylvania election \n--- \n← 2010 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| Pat Toomey \| Katie McGinty \| \nParty \| Republican \| Democratic \nPopular vote \| 2,951,702 \| 2,865,012 \nPercentage \| 48.8% \| 47.3% \nCounty results \| \n\nToomey \n\n40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% \| \n\nMcGinty \n\n40–50% 50–60% 80–90% \n---\|--- \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nPat Toomey Republican \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nPat Toomey Republican \n \n---\|---\n Mary Kay Bacallao, college professor, former Fayette County Board of Education member, and candidate for State Superintendent of Schools in 2014 and Derrick Grayson, candidate for the state's other Senate seat in 2014, challenged Isakson for the Republican nomination. Isakson won the Republican nomination with more than three quarters of the vote. \n Illinois general election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \| ± \n---\|---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Tammy Duckworth \| 3,012,940 \| 54.9 \| \\+8.5 \n\| Republican \| Mark Kirk (Incumbent) \| 2,184,692 \| 39.8 \| \\- 8.2 \n\| Libertarian \| Kenton McMillen \| 175,988 \| 3.2 \| \\+0.8 \n\| Green \| Scott Summers \| 117,619 \| 2.1 \| \\- 1.1 \n\| Write-in \| Chad Koppie \| 408 \| . 007 \| N/A \n\| Write-in \| Jim Brown \| 106 \| . 002 \| N/A \n\| Write-in \| Christopher Aguayo \| 77 \| . 001 \| N/A \n\| Write-in \| Susana Sandoval \| 42 \| . 0008 \| N/A \n\| Write-in \| Eric Kufi James Stewart \| 5 \| . 00009 \| N/A \n\| Write-in \| Patricia Beard \| \| . 00002 \| N/A \nMajority \| 828,248 \| 15.1 \| \\+13.5 \nTurnout \| 5,491,878 \| \| \\+48.2 \n\| Democratic gain from Republican \| Swing \| \| \n Former Congressman Dan Boren was viewed by some Oklahoma political operatives as the only Democrat who could make the 2016 race competitive, but was seen as unlikely to run. Lankford's 2014 special election opponent Constance N. Johnson has said that she plans to run again. \n Murkowski won her primary on August 16, 2016 with 72 percent of the vote. Joe Miller received the Libertarian nomination and will run against Murkowski in the general election. Anchorage attorney and veteran Margaret Stock ran as an Independent candidate. \n Nevada general election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \| ± \n---\|---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Catherine Cortez Masto \| 521,994 \| 47.10% \| \\- 3.19% \n\| Republican \| Joe Heck \| 495,079 \| 44.67% \| \\+0.12% \n\| None of These Candidates \| \\-- \| 42,257 \| 3.81% \| \\+1.56% \n\| Independent American (Nev.) \| Tom Jones \| 17,128 \| 1.55% \| \\+1.11% \n\| Independent \| Tony Guinta \| 10,740 \| 0.97% \| N/A \n\| Independent \| Jarrod Williams \| 6,888 \| 0.62% \| N/A \nPlurality \| 26,231 \| 2.37% \| \nTotal votes \| 1,108,294 \| 100.00% \| \\+53.64% \n\| Democratic hold \| Swing \| Democratic hold \| \n One-term Senator Roy Blunt (Republican) was elected with 54% of the vote in 2010. He was 66 years old in 2016. He ran for re-election. Former U.S. Representative and 2012 Senate nominee Todd Akin was rumored to be a possible candidate, but declined to run. Three candidates ran against Blunt for the Republican nomination, the best-known being sales manager, tea party activist, and 2010 candidate Kristin Nichols, but Blunt won decisively with 72% of the vote. \n Chris Aguayo, an Iraq/Afghan war Veteran and Veterans Party State Chair, announced he was running representing the Veterans Party. \n Three-term Senator Mike Crapo (Republican) was re-elected with 71% of the vote in 2010. Crapo was 65 years old in 2016. He ran for re-election.U.S Representative Raul Labrador declined to challenge Crapo in the Republican primary. \n Republican primary results Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| Jerry Moran \| 230,907 \| 79.09% \n\| Republican \| D.J. Smith \| 61,056 \| 20.91% \nTotal votes \| 291,963 \| 100.00% \n Ohio general election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \| ± \n---\|---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| Rob Portman (Incumbent) \| 3,118,567 \| 58.03% \| \\+1.18% \n\| Democratic \| Ted Strickland \| 1,996,908 \| 37.16% \| \\- 2.24% \n\| Independent \| Tom Connors \| 93,041 \| 1.73% \| N/A \n\| Green \| Joseph R. DeMare \| 88,246 \| 1.64% \| N/A \n\| Independent \| Scott Rupert \| 77,291 \| 1.44% \| N/A \n\| Independent \| James Stahl (Write-in) \| 111 \| 0.00% \| N/A \nTotal votes \| 5,374,164 \| 100.00% \| \n\| Republican hold \| Swing \| NA \| \n Jarrod M. Williams, an independent candidate ran for the seat. He describes himself as a Democratic Socialist, a supporter of Bernie Sanders, and is a member of the Socialist Party USA, although the party doesn't have a chapter in the State of Nevada. \n All 34 Class 3 Senators were up for election in 2016; Class 3 consisted of 10 Democrats and 24 Republicans. Of the Senators not up for election, 34 Senators were Democrats, 30 Senators were Republicans and two Senators are independents who caucus with the Senate Democrats. \n Independent Mike Beitiks ran on a single-issue climate change platform. \n Red denotes Senate races won by Republicans; Blue denotes those won by Democrats. \n Indiana election \n--- \n← 2010 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| Todd Young \| Evan Bayh \| \nParty \| Republican \| Democratic \nPopular vote \| 1,423,991 \| 1,158,974 \nPercentage \| 52.1% \| 42.4% \n\| \| \nNominee \| Lucy Brenton \| \| \nParty \| Libertarian \| \nPopular vote \| 149,481 \| \nPercentage \| 5.5% \| \nCounty results \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nDan Coats Republican \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nTodd Young Republican \n \n---\|---\n Oklahoma election \n--- \n← 2014 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| James Lankford \| Mike Workman \| \nParty \| Republican \| Democratic \nPopular vote \| 980,892 \| 355,911 \nPercentage \| 67.7% \| 24.6% \nLankford:50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nJames Lankford Republican \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator", "Dan Coats Republican \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nTodd Young Republican \n \n---\|---\n Oklahoma election \n--- \n← 2014 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| James Lankford \| Mike Workman \| \nParty \| Republican \| Democratic \nPopular vote \| 980,892 \| 355,911 \nPercentage \| 67.7% \| 24.6% \nLankford:50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nJames Lankford Republican \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nJames Lankford Republican \n \n---\|---\n Former U.S. Representative Stephanie Herseth Sandlin, Sioux Falls Mayor Mike Heuther, and 2014 nominee Rick Weiland all declined to run. \n States where the margin of victory was between 1% and 5%:\n Five-term Senator and Republican presidential candidate in 2008 John McCain was re-elected with 59% of the vote in 2010. He was 80 years old in 2016. Despite speculation that he might retire, McCain ran for re-election. \n Robin Laverne Wilson, the Green Party of New York nominee, received 1.5% of the vote. Alex Merced, the Libertarian Party candidate, received 0.7% of the vote. \n Former Governor and Congressman Ted Strickland, Cincinnati City Councilman P.G. Sittenfeld, and occupational therapist Kelli Prather ran for the Democratic nomination. Former State Representative Bob Hagan had filed papers to run, but later withdrew from the race. On March 15, Strickland won the primary with 65% of the vote. \n The only person to file for the Democratic primary as of May 20 was writer and satirist Richard Grayson, who previously sought election to Wyoming's House seat in 2014. Potential Democratic candidates included State Senator Dennis Egan, State Representative Andy Josephson, State Senator Bill Wielechowski, State Senator Hollis French and State Senate Minority Leader Johnny Ellis. Former Senator Mark Begich was mentioned as a possible candidate, but he declined to run. \n Illinois election \n--- \n← 2010 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| Tammy Duckworth \| Mark Kirk \| \nParty \| Democratic \| Republican \nPopular vote \| 3,012,940 \| 2,184,693 \nPercentage \| 54.9% \| 39.8% \nDuckworth:40-50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% Kirk:40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nMark Kirk Republican \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nTammy Duckworth Democratic \n \n---\|---\n Pennsylvania general election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \| ± \n---\|---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| Pat Toomey (Incumbent) \| 2,951,702 \| 48.77% \| \\- 2.24% \n\| Democratic \| Katie McGinty \| 2,865,012 \| 47.34% \| \\- 1.65% \n\| Libertarian \| Edward T. Clifford III \| 235,142 \| 3.89% \| N/A \nTotal votes \| 6,051,941 \| 100.00% \| \n\| Republican hold \| Swing \| NA \| \n U.S. Representative Patrick Murphy defeated fellow representative Alan Grayson, as well as Pam Keith, Lateresa Jones, Richard Coleman, Sam Brian Gibbons, and Josh Larose, for the Democratic nomination. Murphy lost to incumbent Marco Rubio in the November general election on November 8. \n The candidates who filed for the Democratic nomination were:U.S. Representatives Donna Edwards and Chris Van Hollen, Freddie Donald Dickson, Jr., Ralph Jaffe, Theresa Scaldaferri, Charles Smith, Violate Staley, Blaine Taylor, Ed Tinus, and Lih Young. Van Hollen won the April 26 primary. \n California Democratic primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Kamala Harris \| 3,000,689 \| 39.9% \n\| Democratic \| Loretta Sanchez \| 1,416,203 \| 18.9% \n\| Republican \| Duf Sundheim \| 584,251 \| 7.8% \n\| Republican \| Phil Wyman \| 352,821 \| 4.7% \n\| Republican \| Tom Del Beccaro \| 323,614 \| 4.3% \n\| Republican \| Greg Conlon \| 230,944 \| 3.1% \n\| Democratic \| Steve Stokes \| 168,805 \| 2.2% \n\| Republican \| George C. Yang \| 112,055 \| 1.5% \n\| Republican \| Karen Roseberry \| 110,557 \| 1.5% \n\| Libertarian \| Gail K. Lightfoot \| 99,761 \| 1.3% \n\| Democratic \| Massie Munroe \| 98,150 \| 1.3% \n\| Green \| Pamela Elizondo \| 95,677 \| 1.3% \n\| Republican \| Tom Palzer \| 93,263 \| 1.2% \n\| Republican \| Ron Unz \| 92,325 \| 1.2% \n\| Republican \| Don Krampe \| 69,635 \| 0.9% \n\| No party preference \| Eleanor García \| 65,084 \| 0.9% \n\| Republican \| Jarrell Williamson \| 64,120 \| 0.9% \n\| Republican \| Von Hougo \| 63,609 \| 0.8% \n\| Democratic \| President Cristina Grappo \| 63,330 \| 0.8% \n\| Republican \| Jerry J. Laws \| 53,023 \| 0.7% \n\| Libertarian \| Mark Matthew Herd \| 41,344 \| 0.6% \n\| Peace and Freedom \| John Thompson Parker \| 35,998 \| 0.5% \n\| No party preference \| Ling Ling Shi \| 35,196 \| 0.5% \n\| Democratic \| Herbert G. Peters \| 32,638 \| 0.4% \n\| Democratic \| Emory Peretz Rodgers \| 31,485 \| 0.4% \n\| No party preference \| Mike Beitiks \| 31,450 \| 0.4% \n\| No party preference \| Clive Grey \| 29,418 \| 0.4% \n\| No party preference \| Jason Hanania \| 27,715 \| 0.4% \n\| No party preference \| Paul Merritt \| 24,031 \| 0.3% \n\| No party preference \| Jason Kraus \| 19,318 \| 0.3% \n\| No party preference \| Don J. Grundmann \| 15,317 \| 0.2% \n\| No party preference \| Scott A. Vineberg \| 11,843 \| 0.2% \n\| No party preference \| Tim Gildersleeve \| 9,798 \| 0.1% \n\| No party preference \| Gar Myers \| 8,726 \| 0.1% \n\| Write-in \| Billy Falling \| 87 \| 0.0% \n\| Write-in \| Ric M. Llewellyn \| 32 \| 0.0% \n\| Write-in \| Alexis Stuart \| 10 \| 0.0% \nTotal votes \| 7,512,322 \| 100.0% \n 1. Colorado, 5.66% \n 2. North Carolina, 5.70% \n 3. Florida, 7.67% \n 4. Indiana, 9.70% \n\n\n Iowa election \n--- \n← 2010 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| Chuck Grassley \| Patty Judge \| \nParty \| Republican \| Democratic \nPopular vote \| 926,007 \| 549,460 \nPercentage \| 60.1% \| 35.7% \nCounty Results \| \n\nGrassley \n\n50-60% 60-70% 70-80% 80-90% \| \n\nJudge \n\n50-60% \n---\|--- \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nChuck Grassley Republican \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator", "Iowa election \n--- \n← 2010 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| Chuck Grassley \| Patty Judge \| \nParty \| Republican \| Democratic \nPopular vote \| 926,007 \| 549,460 \nPercentage \| 60.1% \| 35.7% \nCounty Results \| \n\nGrassley \n\n50-60% 60-70% 70-80% 80-90% \| \n\nJudge \n\n50-60% \n---\|--- \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nChuck Grassley Republican \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nChuck Grassley Republican \n \n---\|---\n Sen. Moran won re-election with 62% to Wiesner's 32% . \n One-term Senator Mike Lee (Republican) was elected with 62% of the vote in 2010. He was 45 years old in 2016. He ran for re-election. State party chair Thomas Wright, former State Senator Dan Liljenquist, State Senator Aaron Osmond, Congressman Jason Chaffetz, Congressman Chris Stewart, former Governor of Utah Mike Leavitt, and Mitt Romney's son Josh Romney were mentioned as potential primary challengers, but all declined to run. Lee ran unopposed at the Utah Republican convention and is the Republican nominee. \n Libertarian primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Libertarian \| Robert Marquette \| 1,089 \| 99.54% \n\| Libertarian \| Write-in \| 5 \| 0.46% \nTotal votes \| 1,094 \| 100.00% \n Everett Stern, a security intelligence consultant and whistleblower of the HSBC money laundering scandal, announced that he would challenge Toomey for the Republican nomination, but has missed the filing deadline, so Toomey was unopposed in the primary. \n Independent primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Independent \| Steven Reynolds \| 10,497 \| 40.80% \n\| Independent \| Marvin Sandnes \| 4,733 \| 18.40% \n\| \| write-ins \| 10,496 \| 40.80% \nTotal votes \| 25,726 \| 100.00% \n Congresswoman Ann Kirkpatrick and teacher Lennie Clark ran for the Democratic nomination. Lennie Clark dropped out and Ann Kirkpatrick became the Democratic nominee. Other potential Democratic candidates included U.S. Representative Ruben Gallego, former Surgeon General and 2012 nominee Richard Carmona, 2014 gubernatorial nominee Fred DuVal, Phoenix Mayor Greg Stanton, and retired astronaut Mark Kelly, who is the husband of ex-Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords. \n Kentucky election \n--- \n← 2010 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| Rand Paul \| Jim Gray \| \nParty \| Republican \| Democratic \nPopular vote \| 1,090,177 \| 813,246 \nPercentage \| 57.3% \| 42.7% \nCounty results \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nRand Paul Republican \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator", "Rand Paul Republican \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nRand Paul Republican \n \n---\|---\n Other potential Republican candidates include Congressmen Mick Mulvaney, Jeff Duncan and Mark Sanford, along with State Senator Tom Davis, State Treasurer Curtis Loftis and State Attorney General Alan Wilson. Darla Moore was mentioned as a potential candidate for either party. \n Paul won re-election with 57% of the vote to Gray's 43% . \n In December 2015, Jim Brown, a teacher and former businessman, announced he was running as an independent. \n Arizona general election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \| ± \n---\|---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| John McCain (Incumbent) \| 1,359,267 \| 53.74% \| \\- 5.33% \n\| Democratic \| Ann Kirkpatrick \| 1,031,245 \| 40.77% \| \\+5.99% \n\| Green \| Gary Swing \| 138,634 \| 5.48% \| \\+4.03% \nPlurality \| 328,022 \| 12.97% \| \nTotal votes \| 2,529,146 \| 100.00% \| \nTurnout \| 3,588,466 \| 74.17% \| ? \n\| Republican hold \| Swing \| \| \n Former U.S. Representative Baron Hill won the Democratic nomination on May 3, but withdrew in July 2016 in favor of Evan Bayh. Bayh held the seat from 1999 until his retirement in 2011, and also served as Governor of Indiana from 1989 to 1997. Former non-profit director John Dickerson also announced he was going to run, but suspended his campaign in early 2016. \n Six-term Senator Chuck Grassley was re-elected with 65% of the vote in 2010. He was 83 years old in 2016. He ran for re-election. Talk radio host Robert Rees announced he was going to challenge Grassley for the nomination, but later withdrew. \n Elections to the United States Senate were held November 8, 2016. The presidential election, House elections, 14 gubernatorial elections, and many state and local elections were held on the same date. \n Iowa Democratic primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Patty Judge \| 46,322 \| 47.62% \n\| Democratic \| Rob Hogg \| 37,801 \| 38.86% \n\| Democratic \| Tom Fiegen \| 6,573 \| 6.76% \n\| Democratic \| Bob Krause \| 6,425 \| 6.60% \n\| Democratic \| Write-ins \| 154 \| 0.16% \nTotal votes \| 97,275 \| 100.00% \n Missouri general election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \| ± \n---\|---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| Roy Blunt \| 1,378,458 \| 49.18% \| \\- 5.05% \n\| Democratic \| Jason Kander \| 1,300,200 \| 46.39% \| \\+5.76% \n\| Libertarian \| Jonathan Dine \| 67,738 \| 2.42% \| \\- 0.60% \n\| Green \| Johnathan McFarland \| 30,743 \| 1.10% \| N/A \n\| Constitution \| Fred Ryman \| 25,407 \| 0.91% \| \\- 1.22% \n\| \| Write-ins \| 95 \| 0.03% \| N/A \nPlurality \| 78,258 \| 2.79% \| \nTotal votes \| 2,802,641 \| 100.00% \| \n\| Republican hold \n Three-term Senator Dan Coats (Republican) was elected with 55% of the vote in 2010; Coats served in the Senate from 1989 to 1999 and then returned to serve another term from 2011 to 2017. Coats did not run for re-election. Republican candidates include U.S. Representatives Marlin Stutzman and Todd Young. Coats's chief of Staff Eric Holcomb was a candidate, but withdrew from the race. \n New Hampshire general election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \| ± \n---\|---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Margaret Wood Hassan \| 354,649 \| 47.98% \| \\+11.28% \n\| Republican \| Kelly Ann Ayotte (Incumbent) \| 353,632 \| 47.84% \| \\- 12.28% \n\| Independent \| Aaron Day \| 17,742 \| 2.40% \| N/A \n\| Libertarian \| Brian Chabot \| 12,597 \| 1.70% \| \\+0.65% \nPlurality \| 1,017 \| 0.14% \| \nTurnout \| 738,620 \| 100.00% \| \n\| Democratic gain from Republican \| Swing \| \| \n North Carolina general election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \| ± \n---\|---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| Richard Burr (Incumbent) \| 2,395,376 \| 51.06% \| \\- 3.75% \n\| Democratic \| Deborah Ross \| 2,128,165 \| 45.37% \| \\+2.32% \n\| Libertarian \| Sean Haugh \| 167,592 \| 3.57% \| \\+1.48% \nMajority \| 267,208 \| 5.69% \| 6.07% \nTotal votes \| 4,691,133 \| 100.00% \| \\+76.35% \n\| Republican hold \| Swing \| \| \n In the 2016 Senate elections, 34 of the 100 seats–all class 3 Senate seats–were contested in regular elections; the winners will serve six-year terms until January 3, 2023. Class 3 was last up for election in 2010, when Republicans won a net gain of six seats. \n Ohio Republican primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| Rob Portman \| 1,336,686 \| 82.16% \n\| Republican \| Don Elijah Eckhart \| 290,268 \| 17.84% \nTotal votes \| 1,626,954 \| 100.00% \n Democratic primary results Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Conner Eldridge \| 214,228 \| 100.00% \nTotal votes \| 214,228 \| 100.00% \n Wendy Long, the Republican nominee in 2012, ran as the nominee of Republican, Conservative, and Reform Parties. Other potential Republican candidates included U.S. Representatives Chris Gibson and Peter T. King.U.S. Representative Richard L. Hanna, Manhattan Republican Party Chairwoman Adele Malpass, and former CNBC television host Larry Kudlow were also mentioned as possible candidates, but all have declined to run. \n In 2012, Hawaii Governor Neil Abercrombie appointed Lieutenant Governor Brian Schatz (Democrat) to take the place of deceased nine-term Senator Daniel Inouye. Schatz won a 2014 special election to serve the remainder of Inouye's term. Schatz ran for re-election. \n Ohio Democratic primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Ted Strickland \| 742,676 \| 65.04% \n\| Democratic \| P.G. Sittenfeld \| 254,232 \| 22.26% \n\| Democratic \| Kelli Prather \| 144,945 \| 12.69% \nTotal votes \| 1,141,853 \| 100.00% \n Four-term Senator Patty Murray (Democrat) was re-elected with 52% of the vote in 2010. She ran successfully for re-election against Republican candidate Chris Vance. Congressman Dave Reichert was considered a potential Republican candidate but chose to run for reelection. \n Missouri election \n--- \n← 2010 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| Roy Blunt \| Jason Kander \| \nParty \| Republican \| Democratic \nPopular vote \| 1,378,458 \| 1,300,200 \nPercentage \| 49.18% \| 46.39% \nCounty results \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nRoy Blunt Republican \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nRoy Blunt Republican \n \n---\|---\n * \"Open\" primary:any registered voter can vote in any party's primary \n * \"Closed\" primary, only voters registered with a specific party can vote in that party's primary. \n * \"Top-two\" primary, all candidates run against each other regardless of party affiliation, and the top two candidates advance to the second round of voting. (In Louisiana, a candidate can win the election by winning a majority of the vote in the first round.) \n * All of the various other primary types are classified as \"hybrid.\" Alaska in 2008 provides one example of a hybrid primary:The Democratic Party allowed unaffiliated voters to vote in its primary, while the Republican Party only allowed party members to vote in its primary.", "\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nRoy Blunt Republican \n \n---\|---\n * \"Open\" primary:any registered voter can vote in any party's primary \n * \"Closed\" primary, only voters registered with a specific party can vote in that party's primary. \n * \"Top-two\" primary, all candidates run against each other regardless of party affiliation, and the top two candidates advance to the second round of voting. (In Louisiana, a candidate can win the election by winning a majority of the vote in the first round.) \n * All of the various other primary types are classified as \"hybrid.\" Alaska in 2008 provides one example of a hybrid primary:The Democratic Party allowed unaffiliated voters to vote in its primary, while the Republican Party only allowed party members to vote in its primary. \n\n\n Hawaii Constitution primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Constitution \| Joy Allison \| 217 \| 100.00% \nTotal votes \| 217 \| 100.00% \n Sen. Blunt won re-election with 49% of the vote to Kander's 46% . \n Hoeven defeated Glassheim 78% to 17% . \n Kansas general election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \| ± \n---\|---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| Jerry Moran \| 732,376 \| 62.18% \| \\- 8.16% \n\| Democratic \| Patrick Wiesner \| 379,740 \| 32.24% \| \\+6.08% \n\| Libertarian \| Robert D. Garrard \| 65,760 \| 5.58% \| \\+3.46% \n\| Independent (United States) \| DJ Smith \| 46 \| 0.00% \| N/A \nMajority \| 352,636 \| 29.94% \| \nTotal votes \| 1,177,922 \| 100.00% \| \n\| Republican hold \| Swing \| \| \n Ohio election \n--- \n← 2010 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| Rob Portman \| Ted Strickland \| \nParty \| Republican \| Democratic \nPopular vote \| 3,118,567 \| 1,996,908 \nPercentage \| 58.0% \| 37.2% \nCounty Results \| \n\nPortman \n\n40-50% 50-60% 60-70% 70-80% 80-90% \| \n\nStrickland \n\n40-50% 50-60% \n---\|--- \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nRob Portman Republican \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nRob Portman Republican \n \n---\|---\n Alaska election \n--- \n← 2010 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| Lisa Murkowski \| Joe Miller \| \nParty \| Republican \| Libertarian \nPopular vote \| 138,149 \| 90,825 \nPercentage \| 44.3% \| 29.1% \n\| \| \nNominee \| Margaret Stock \| Ray Metcalfe \| \nParty \| Independent \| Democratic \nPopular vote \| 41,194 \| 36,200 \nPercentage \| 13.2% \| 11.6% \nResults by state house district:Murkowski:30-40% 40-50% 50-60% Miller:40-50% \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nLisa Murkowski Republican \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nLisa Murkowski Republican \n \n---\|---\n Arkansas election \n--- \n← 2010 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| John Boozman \| Conner Eldridge \| \nParty \| Republican \| Democratic \nPopular vote \| 661,984 \| 400,602 \nPercentage \| 59.8% \| 36.2% \nCounty results \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nJohn Boozman Republican \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nJohn Boozman Republican \n \n---\|---\n Iowa general election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \| ± \n---\|---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| Chuck Grassley (Incumbent) \| 926,007 \| 60.09% \| \\- 4.26% \n\| Democratic \| Patty Judge \| 549,460 \| 35.66% \| \\+2.36% \n\| Libertarian \| John Heiderscheit \| 41,794 \| 2.71% \| \\+0.44% \n\| Independent \| Jim Hennager \| 17,649 \| 1.15% \| N/A \n\| Independent \| Michael Luick-Thrams \| 4,441 \| 0.29% \| N/A \n\| Write-ins \| \| 1,685 \| 0.11% \| \\+0.03% \nMajority \| 376,547 \| 24.43% \| \\- 6.62% \nTurnout \| 1,541,036 \| \| \n\| Republican hold \| Swing \| \| \n Oregon election \n--- \n← 2010 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| Ron Wyden \| Mark Callahan \| \nParty \| Democratic \| Republican \nPopular vote \| 1,105,119 \| 651,106 \nPercentage \| 56.6% \| 33.4% \nCounty results \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nRon Wyden Democratic \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nRon Wyden Democratic \n \n---\|---\n Former state Republican Party chairs Tom Del Beccaro and Duf Sundheim, and former State Senator Phil Wyman ran, along with Don Krampe, Tom Palzer, Karen Roseberry, Greg Conlon, Von Huogo, Jerry Laws, Ron Unz, Jarrell Williamson, and George Yang. State Assemblymen Rocky Chavez was running as well, but withdrew from the race. Republicans who were once considered potential candidates but ruled out runs included San Diego Mayor Kevin Faulconer, former Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Stability and 2014 gubernatorial nominee Neel Kashkari, U.S. Representative Darrell Issa, and businesswoman and nominee for the U.S. Senate in 2010 Carly Fiorina. \n States where the margin of victory was under 1%:\n Idaho Constitution primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Constitution \| Ray J. Writz \| 131 \| 59.5% \n\| Constitution \| Pro-Life \| 89 \| 40.5% \nTotal votes \| 220 \| 100.0% \n Incumbent Republican Richard Shelby won re-election to a sixth term in office. The primaries were held on March 1. Ron Crumpton, a marijuana legalization activist, was the Democratic nominee. Shelby won re-election with 63.9% of the vote. \n Pennsylvania Democratic primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Katie McGinty \| 669,774 \| 42.50% \n\| Democratic \| Joe Sestak \| 513,221 \| 32.57% \n\| Democratic \| John Fetterman \| 307,090 \| 19.49% \n\| Democratic \| Joseph Vodvarka \| 85,837 \| 5.45% \nTotal votes \| 1,575,922 \| 100.00% \n Illinois Democratic primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Tammy Duckworth \| 1,220,128 \| 64.38% \n\| Democratic \| Andrea Zopp \| 455,729 \| 24.05% \n\| Democratic \| Napoleon Harris \| 219,286 \| 11.57% \nTotal votes \| 1,859,257 \| 100.00% \n Connecticut general election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \| ± \n---\|---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Richard Blumenthal \| 920,766 \| 57.68% \| \n\| Working Families \| Richard Blumenthal \| 87,948 \| 5.51% \| \n\| Total \| Richard Blumenthal (Incumbent) \| 1,008,714 \| 63.19% \| \\+7.95% \n\| Republican \| Dan Carter \| 552,621 \| 34.62% \| \\- 8.53% \n\| Libertarian \| Richard Lion \| 18,190 \| 1.14% \| \n\| Green \| Jeffery Russell \| 16,713 \| 1.05% \| \n\| Write-In \| Andrew Rule \| 26 \| 0.00% \| \n\| Write-In \| John M. Traceski \| 12 \| 0.00% \| \nMajority \| 449,973 \| 28.42% \| \nTotal votes \| 1,596,276 \| 100.00% \| \n\| Democratic hold \n Washington election \n--- \n← 2010 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| Patty Murray \| Chris Vance \| \nParty \| Democratic \| Republican \nPopular vote \| 1,913,979 \| 1,329,338 \nPercentage \| 59.0% \| 41.0% \nCounty results \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nPatty Murray Democratic \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator", "Patty Murray Democratic \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nPatty Murray Democratic \n \n---\|---\n Three-term Senator Ron Wyden (Democrat) was re-elected with 57% of the vote in 2010. He was 67 years old in 2016. He ran for re-election. \n Rep. Duckworth unseated Sen. Kirk with 55% compared to his 40% . \n Georgia general election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| Johnny Isakson (Incumbent) \| 2,135,806 \| 54.80% \n\| Democratic \| Jim Barksdale \| 1,599,726 \| 41.04% \n\| Libertarian \| Allen Buckley \| 162,260 \| 4.16% \nTotal votes \| 3,897,792 \| 100.00% \n\| Republican hold \n Conner Eldridge, the former U.S. Attorney for the Western District of Arkansas, is the only Democrat who met the filing deadline. \n Perennial candidate Pro-Life ran as an independent. He was defeated in the Constitution Party primary on May 17, 2016 to Ray J. Writz. \n The Republican candidates who filed were former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense and Senate candidate in 2012 Richard Douglas, Chrys Kefalas, State Delegate Kathy Szeliga, Chris Chaffee, Sean Connor, John Graziani, Greg Holmes, Joseph David Hooe, Mark McNicholas, Lynn Richardson, Anthony Seda, Richard Shawver, Dave Walle, and Garry T. Yarrington. Szeliga won the primary and will face Van Hollen in the general election. \n Governor Maggie Hassan ran for the Democratic nomination. Other potential candidates include Executive Councilor Chris Pappas, State Senators Dan Feltes and Donna Soucy, Portsmouth City Councilor and daughter of U.S. Senator Jeanne Shaheen Stefany Shaheen, and campaign manager for Senator Shaheen Mike Vlacich. \n Hawaii general election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \| ± \n---\|---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Brian Schatz (Incumbent) \| 306,604 \| 70.1% \| N/A \n\| Republican \| John Carroll \| 92,653 \| 21.2% \| N/A \n\| Constitution \| Joy Allison \| 9,103 \| 2.1% \| N/A \n\| Libertarian \| Michael Kokowski \| 6,809 \| 1.6% \| N/A \n\| Independent \| John Giuffre \| 1,393 \| 0.3% \| \n\| \| Blank votes \| 20,763 \| 4.7% \n\| \| Over votes \| 339 \| 0.0% \nMajority \| 213,951 \| 48.88% \| \nTotal votes \| 437,664 \| 100.0% \| \n\| Democratic hold \| Swing \| \| \n Jerry Sturgill ran for the Democratic nomination. \n New Hampshire election \n--- \n← 2010 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| Maggie Hassan \| Kelly Ayotte \| \nParty \| Democratic \| Republican \nPopular vote \| 354,649 \| 353,632 \nPercentage \| 48.0% \| 47.8% \nHassan:40-50% 50–60% Ayotte:40–50% 50–60% \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nKelly Ayotte Republican \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nMaggie Hassan Democratic \n \n---\|---\n North Dakota election \n--- \n← 2010 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| John Hoeven \| Eliot Glassheim \| \nParty \| Republican \| Democratic-NPL \nPopular vote \| 268,788 \| 58,116 \nPercentage \| 78.5% \| 17.0% \nCounty results \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nJohn Hoeven Republican \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nJohn Hoeven Republican \n \n---\|---\n Sen. McCain won re-election with 53% to Kirkpatrick's 41% . \n Colorado Democratic primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Michael Bennet (Incumbent) \| 262,344 \| 100.00% \nTotal votes \| 262,344 \| 100.00% \n Businessman Robert Blaha, former Aurora councilman Ryan Frazier, El Paso County Commissioners Darryl Glenn, and Peggy Littleton, former Colorado State University Athletic Director Jack Graham, State Representative Jon Keyser, former SBA director Greg Lopez, State Senator Tim Neville, and Jefferson County Commissioner Donald Rosier ran for the Republican nomination. Glenn, Graham, Blaha, Keyser, and Frazier actually competed in the primary. \n Sen. Boozman won re-election with 60% to Eldridge's 36% . \n Two candidates filed to challenge him:Don Elijah Eckhart, who ran for OH-15 as an independent in 2008, and Melissa Strzala, but Strzala was disqualified. On March 15, Portman won the primary with 82% of the vote. \n Maryland election \n--- \n← 2010 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| Chris Van Hollen \| Kathy Szeliga \| \nParty \| Democratic \| Republican \nPopular vote \| 1,659,907 \| 972,557 \nPercentage \| 60.9% \| 35.7% \nCounty results \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nBarbara Mikulski Democratic \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator", "Barbara Mikulski Democratic \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nChris Van Hollen Democratic \n \n---\|---\n Democratic primary results Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Catherine Cortez Masto \| 81,944 \| 81.0% \n\| Democratic \| Allen Rheinhart \| 5,645 \| 6.0% \n\| Democratic \| None of these candidates \| 5,498 \| 5.0% \n\| Democratic \| Liddo Susan O'Briant \| 4,834 \| 5.0% \n\| Democratic \| Bobby Mahendra \| 3,760 \| 3.0% \nTotal votes \| 101,681 \| 100.0% \n Sen. Isakson won re-election with 55% to Barksdale's 41% . \n State \| PVI \| Incumbent \| result \| Cook Nov. 2 2016 \| Sabato Nov. 7 2016 \| Roth. Nov. 3 2016 \| Kos Nov. 7 2016 \| RCP Nov. 2 2016 \| 538 Nov. 7 2016 \| NYT Nov. 7 2016 \| TPM Nov. 5 2016 \| Winner \n---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|--- \nAlaska \| 112! R+12 \| Lisa Murkowski (R) \| 39.5% \| 103! Likely R \| 104! Safe R \| 104! Safe R \| 104! Safe R \| 104! Safe R \| 104! 98% R \| 104! 99 +% R \| 104! Safe R \| Murkowski \nArizona \| 107! R+7 \| John McCain (R) \| 59.2% \| 102! Lean R \| 103! Likely R \| 103! Likely R \| 103! Likely R \| 102! Lean R \| 104! 97% R \| 104! 99% R \| 104! Safe R \| McCain \nColorado \| 099! D+1 \| Michael Bennet (D) \| 3! 47.7% \| 097! Likely D \| 096! Safe D \| 096! Safe D \| 096! Safe D \| 098! Lean D \| 096! 95% D \| 096! 96% D \| 097! Likely D \| Bennet \nFlorida \| 102! R+2 \| Marco Rubio (R) \| 48.9% \| 102! Lean R \| 102! Lean R \| 102! Lean R \| 103! Likely R \| 100! Tossup \| 103! 87% R \| 103! 85% R \| 102! Lean R \| Rubio \nGeorgia \| 106! R+6 \| Johnny Isakson (R) \| 58.1% \| 103! Likely R \| 104! Safe R \| 104! Safe R \| 104! Safe R \| 103! Likely R \| 104! 97% R \| 104! 99% R \| 104! Safe R \| Isakson \nIllinois \| 092! D+8 \| Mark Kirk (R) \| 48.2% \| 098! Lean D \| 097! Likely D \| 098! Lean D \| 096! Safe D \| 097! Likely D \| 096! 97% D \| 096! 98% D \| 096! Safe D \| Duckworth \nIndiana \| 105! R+5 \| Dan Coats (R) (Retiring) \| 56.4% \| 100! Tossup \| 102! Lean R \| 100! Tossup \| 100! Tossup \| 100! Tossup \| 102! 61% R \| 100! 53% D \| 102! Lean R \| Young \nIowa \| 099! D+1 \| Chuck Grassley (R) \| 64.5% \| 103! Likely R \| 104! Safe R \| 104! Safe R \| 104! Safe R \| 104! Safe R \| 104! 99 +% R \| 104! 99 +% R \| 104! Safe R \| Grassley \nKentucky \| 113! R+13 \| Rand Paul (R) \| 55.7% \| 104! Safe R \| 104! Safe R \| 104! Safe R \| 104! Safe R \| 103! Likely R \| 103! 93% R \| 104! 97% R \| 104! Safe R \| Paul \nLouisiana \| 112! R+12 \| David Vitter (R) (Retiring) \| 56.6% \| 104! Safe R \| 103! Likely R \| 104! Safe R \| 104! Safe R \| 103! Likely R \| 103! 86% R \| 104! 96% R \| 103! Likely R \| Kennedy \nMissouri \| 105! R+5 \| Roy Blunt (R) \| 54.3% \| 100! Tossup \| 102! Lean R \| 100! Tossup \| 100! Tossup \| 100! Tossup \| 102! 55% R \| 102! 65% R \| 100! Tossup \| Blunt \nNevada \| 098! D+2 \| Harry Reid (D) (Retiring) \| 2! 50.2% \| 100! Tossup \| 098! Lean D \| 100! Tossup \| 098! Lean D \| 100! Tossup \| 099! 57% D \| 099! 60% D \| 100! Tossup \| Cortez Masto \nNew Hampshire \| 099! D+1 \| Kelly Ayotte (R) \| 60.2% \| 100! Tossup \| 098! Lean D \| 100! Tossup \| 100! Tossup \| 100! Tossup \| 100! 53% D \| 100! 55% R \| 100! Tossup \| Hassan \nNorth Carolina \| 103! R+3 \| Richard Burr (R) \| 55.0% \| 100! Tossup \| 102! Lean R \| 100! Tossup \| 100! Tossup \| 100! Tossup \| 102! 69% R \| 102! 67% R \| 100! Tossup \| Burr \nOhio \| 101! R+1 \| Rob Portman (R) \| 57.3% \| 102! Lean R \| 104! Safe R \| 103! Likely R \| 104! Safe R \| 103! Likely R \| 104! 98% R \| 104! 97% R \| 104! Safe R \| Portman \nPennsylvania \| 099! D+1 \| Pat Toomey (R) \| 51.0% \| 100! Tossup \| 098! Lean D \| 100! Tossup \| 100! Tossup \| 100! Tossup \| 098! 68% D \| 098! 66% D \| 098! Lean D \| Toomey \nWisconsin \| 098! D+2 \| Ron Johnson (R) \| 51.9% \| 100! Tossup \| 098! Lean D \| 097! Tilt D \| 098! Lean D \| 100! Tossup \| 097! 87% D \| 098! 72% D \| 098! Lean D \| Johnson \n Kentucky general electionref name = KYGeneralresults > \"Official Results\" (PDF). Kentucky Secretary of State. Retrieved December 20, 2016. </ref > Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \| ± \n---\|---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| Rand Paul (Incumbent) \| 1,090,177 \| 57.27% \| \\+1.58% \n\| Democratic \| Jim Gray \| 813,246 \| 42.73% \| \\- 1.53% \n\| Write-ins \| \| 42 \| 0.00% \| N/A \nMajority \| 276,931 \| 14.55% \| \nTotal votes \| 1,903,465 \| 100.00% \| \n\| Republican hold \| Swing \| \| \n Vermont general election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \| ± \n---\|---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Democratic \| Patrick Leahy (Incumbent) \| 192,243 \| 59.99% \| \\- 3.05% \n\| Republican \| Scott Milne \| 103,637 \| 32.34% \| \\+2.08% \n\| Marijuana \| Cris Ericson \| 9,156 \| 2.86% \| \\+1.76% \n\| Independent \| Jerry Trudell \| 5,223 \| 1.63% \| N/A \n\| Liberty Union \| Peter Diamondstone \| 3,241 \| 1.01% \| 0.40% \n\| Write-ins \| \| 309 \| 0.10% \| N/A \n\| Spoiled votes \| \| 466 \| 0.15% \| N/A \n\| Blank votes \| \| 6,192 \| 1.93% \| N/A \nMajority \| 88,606 \| 27.65% \| \nTotal votes \| 320,467 \| 100.00% \| \n\| Democratic hold \| Swing \| \| \n North Dakota general election < Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \| ± \n---\|---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| John Hoeven \| 268,788 \| 78.48% \| \\+2.40% \n\| Democratic-NPL \| Eliot Glassheim \| 58,116 \| 16.97% \| \\- 5.20% \n\| Libertarian \| Robert Marquette \| 10,556 \| 3.08% \| \\+1.45% \n\| Independent \| James Germalic \| 4,675 \| 1.36% \| N/A \n\| Write-ins \| \| 366 \| 0.11% \| N/A \nMajority \| 210,672 \| 61.51% \| \nTurnout \| 342,501 \| 100.00% \| \n\| Republican hold \| Swing \| \| \n Burr won re-election 51% to 45% for Ross. \n All seats classified with at least one rating of anything other than \"safe\" or \"solid\" are listed below. \n The New York Times' Upshot gave the Democrats a 60% chance of winning the Senate on August 24, 2016; on September 23, their model gave Republicans a 58% chance to maintain control. \n Kentucky Republican primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| Rand Paul \| 169,180 \| 84.79% \n\| Republican \| James Gould \| 16,611 \| 8.33% \n\| Republican \| Stephen Slaughter \| 13,728 \| 6.88% \nTotal votes \| 199,519 \| 100.00% \n 1. Pennsylvania, 1.43% \n 2. Nevada, 2.43% \n 3. Missouri, 2.79% \n 4. Wisconsin, 3.36% \n\n\n Blumenthal won re-election with 63% of the vote to Carter's 35% . \n Georgia Republican primary election Party \| Candidate \| Votes \| % \n---\|---\|---\|--- \n\| Republican \| Johnny Isakson (Incumbent) \| 447,661 \| 77.50% \n\| Republican \| Derrick Grayson \| 69,101 \| 11.96% \n\| Republican \| Mary Kay Bacallao \| 60,898 \| 10.54% \nTotal votes \| 577,660 \| 100.00% \n Hawaii election \n--- \n← 2014 2022 → \n\| \| \| \n---\|---\|--- \nNominee \| Brian Schatz \| John Carroll \| \nParty \| Democratic \| Republican \nPopular vote \| 306,604 \| 92,653 \nPercentage \| 70.1% \| 21.2% \nCounty results \n\| U.S. Senator before election \n\nBrian Schatz Democratic \n\n\| Elected U.S. Senator \n\nBrian Schatz Democratic \n \n---\|---\n On May 14, 2015, Feingold announced that he would seek a rematch against Johnson for his former Senate seat. Immediately after his announcement, the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee endorsed Feingold's candidacy. Businesswoman and 2014 gubernatorial nominee Mary Burke has declared that she is not seeking statewide office in 2016. \n Bennet won re-election with 50% of the vote to Glenn's 44% ." ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Robert Russell (architect) Robert Russell (13 February 1808 – 10 April 1900) was an architect and surveyor, active in Australia. He conducted the first survey of the site of the nascent settlement of Melbourne on the banks of the Yarra River in 1836, and designed St James Old Cathedral, the oldest building remaining in central Melbourne (albeit not on its original site). He was also a prolific and talented artist and his work is held by major libraries and galleries in Australia. Russell was born near Kennington Common, London, England, the son of Robert Russell, a merchant, and his wife Margaret, \"née\" Leslie. After a 'sound education', Russell 'had his first business experience' in Edinburgh in 1823 where he was articled to the architect and surveyor William Burn. After some time in London, where he worked in the office of John Nash, Russell moved to Drogheda, Ireland to work on the ordnance survey. This experience gave Russell 'a preference for surveying, as allowing greater leisure' and his 'curiosity about Australia led to his emigration'. The Sydney Herald of 23 September 1833, noted the arrival of 'the ship \"Sir John Rae Reid\"' from 'London, and Hobart Town, on Tuesday last' and among the 'passengers from England' was 'Mr. Robert Russell, surveyor'. In possession of letters of introduction to Thomas Mitchell, then Surveyor General of New South Wales, Russell was employed by the Survey Department as an 'acting assistant' on 22 October 1833'. In 1835 John Batman and John Pascoe Fawkner organised rival groups of free settlers from Van Diemen's Land (now called Tasmania) to cross Bass Strait and illegally settle on the site of what would become Melbourne. In response, the Imperial authority in London authorised William Lonsdale to lead a party to establish an official settlement the following year. As part of this Russell was appointed as Surveyor and assigned Frederick Robert D'Arcy and William Wedge Darke as assistants. They 'received orders to proceed to Port Phillip forthwith'. They arrived at Port Phillip on the \"Sterlingshire\" on 5 October 1836. Circumstances following their arrival led to group undertaking the survey of Melbourne which set out the inner city street grid as it is known today. Russell recalled that after disembarking from the \"Stirlingshire\" his 'party of three' commenced 'surveying the shores of Port Phillip Harbour' but this work was interrupted when: \"On one occasion we found our horses not quite ready for the trip into the bush and decided to spell them for a week. While we were waiting it occurred to me that we might as well fill in the time by making a survey of the site of the future settlement. I took the triangulation, Mr Darke worked along the river, and Mr D'Arcy, who was a first-class draughtsman, prepared a plan showing the natural features of the ground. I suppose we were about a week over it altogether.\" When asked how he determined the position of the future city he referred to the 'illegal' arrivals of John Batman and John Pascoe Fawkner the year before: \"That was largely settled for me by the first settlers who built their huts on the present site of the future city, and whom I sought to disturb as little as possible in making the survey. The idea was to have as few of the huts as possible actually in the streets, from which in a very little time they would have to be removed. The old falls on the Yarra really determined the position of the city. The first hut builders kept close to them. The preference for the locality – the high ground between Queen, King, Flinders, and Bourke streets – lasted for some time after the building of Melbourne had begun, and all of the earlier buildings shown on old plans are dotted about there.\" In May 1837 Russell had to 'return to Sydney to complete surveying commitments' and was to be 'relieved by Mr. Surveyor Hoddle'. Before Hoddle left Sydney he asked Russell to send him his survey of Melbourne which drew on a 'general plan' held 'in the Sydney office generally approved as suitable for laying out a new township' which Russell had a copy of. Along with D'Arcy and Darke, Russell accompanied Hoddle as he made his own survey, before Russell returned to Sydney. As Robert Hoddle was the colony's surveyor when the first plan of Melbourne was officially published this led to the city design being dubbed the Hoddle Grid. At Hoddle's death in 1881 The Argus published an article which set out the reasons why it believed 'a gentleman so intimately associated with the foundation of Melbourne as to deserve the honour of a civic funeral'. Two days later a 'Letter To The Editor' appeared: \"Sir, – Permit me to correct a small mistake in your narrative of this date concerning the late Mr. Robert Hoddle. You state that, \"Messers. Darke, D'Arcy, and Russell, at one time were hard at work defining the outlines, fixing the boundaries, and marking the corners of the streets\" of Melbourne. This is a thorough fiction. I never defined, fixed, or marked one outline, boundary, or corner of the incipient city. It is true I accompanied Mr. Hoddle on horseback when he started from Batman's-hill, and began his round to his starting-point, but I was merely a looker-on. That I was the first \"surveyor in charge\" at Port Phillip; that I was superseded, as I then thought and still think, unfairly; and that Mr. Hoddle drew his lines of street on the plan of my survey, drawn by Mr D'Arcy, under my my instructions, prior to Mr. Hoddle's arrival, and which may still be seen at the surveyor-general's office, are facts much more to the purpose. – I am, &c. ROBERT RUSSELL East Melbourne, Oct. 29.\" In 1899 at the age of 91, he gave a lengthy interview to The Argus explaining the circumstances of his and Hoddle's work on the first plan of Melbourne in great detail. In closing he was quoted as saying: \"Those are my reasons for saying that Mr. Hoddle practically adopted my survey of the site of the city. The credit of making the first survey was a mere matter of detail then, though years later the honour came to be one worth claiming. The original plan of Melbourne which I prepared, and which I looked upon as my own property, as I was merely filling in time, was sent to my father in England, who had it printed, and some of the copies were afterwards supplied to the Public Library. That briefly is the story as to how I came to make the first survey of the city of Melbourne.\" Another early colonist, Robert Frost, 'who arrived on the site of the city before a tree was felled or a sod turned' supported Russell as having first 'laid out' the city and said 'the honour has been wrongly borne by Mr Hoddle'. However, it is argued by some, especially descendants of Robert Hoddle that \"It is to Hoddle that we owe the provision for squares, park lands and exits from the city, and he is entitled to be called the first surveyor and planner of Melbourne.\" The question continued to spark debate in newspaper letters pages and at meetings of the Royal Historical Society of Victoria years later. As The Age suggested in 1935 'Just who made the original survey of Melbourne may well be a matter for discussion for centuries to come'. In 1839, Russell designed St James Old Cathedral, the oldest building in Melbourne (though moved just outside the city grid in 1914) and one of the very few pre-Gold Rush buildings in the city. Russell later practised as an architect in Melbourne until he was forced to retire by old age. He kept his mind to the last and died at Richmond, Melbourne, on 10 April 1900, aged 92. He married and was survived by two sons and two daughters. In addition to being an architect and surveyor Russell did 'extensive work as a sketcher, amateur photographer, etcher, lithographer (and) carver'. He did valuable work as an amateur artist by preserving many original sketches of Melbourne in its early years, in both water-colour and pencil and in 1952 an exhibition of his 'lost paintings' was held at the Tye gallery in Melbourne", "St James Old Cathedral, the oldest building in Melbourne (though moved just outside the city grid in 1914) and one of the very few pre-Gold Rush buildings in the city. Russell later practised as an architect in Melbourne until he was forced to retire by old age. He kept his mind to the last and died at Richmond, Melbourne, on 10 April 1900, aged 92. He married and was survived by two sons and two daughters. In addition to being an architect and surveyor Russell did 'extensive work as a sketcher, amateur photographer, etcher, lithographer (and) carver'. He did valuable work as an amateur artist by preserving many original sketches of Melbourne in its early years, in both water-colour and pencil and in 1952 an exhibition of his 'lost paintings' was held at the Tye gallery in Melbourne Russell's artwork is in the collections of the State Library of Victoria, National Gallery of Victoria, the National Library of Australia and the State Library of New South Wales. In 1969, the Victorian chapter of the Australian Institute of Architects named their St. Kilda Road property 'Robert Russell House' in recognition of his work. Robert Russell (architect) Robert Russell (13 February 1808 – 10 April 1900) was an architect and surveyor, active in Australia. He conducted the first survey of the site of the nascent settlement of Melbourne on the banks of the Yarra River in 1836, and designed St James Old Cathedral, the oldest building remaining in" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Fernando Sánchez Campos Fernando Sánchez Campos (born January 13, 1974) is a Costa Rican politician. Fernando Sanchez Campos was born in San José, Costa Rica on January 13, 1974. . He is a man of profound family values. Married to María del Milagro Linares-Martín, together they have two children: Fernando Felipe and María Pía. The Sánchez-Linares family are active members of Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles Parrish in Heredia, Costa Rica. In terms of academic experience, he has served as rector, professor, tutor, researcher, guest speaker, and consultant at several academic institutions such as the University of Costa Rica and INCAE Business School, as well as at the University of Oxford, the University of Salamanca, and the Catholic University of Valencia. In addition, he has worked as a consultant for the Inter-American Institute of Human Rights (IIHR), specifically at the Centro de Asesoría y Promoción Electoral (CAPEL). Nowadays he serves as Rector of the Catholic University of Costa Rica (UCAT), the official university of the Costa Rican Episcopal Conference (CECOR). Likewise, he is currently the Second Vice President of the Organización de Universidades Católicas de América Latina y el Caribe (ODUCAL), Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean sub Region and—just recently—member of the Board of Directors of the International Federation of Catholic Universities (IFCU). Mr. Sánchez holds a Ph.D. in Politics by the University of Oxford (UK), a Master’s degree in Business Administration by INCAE Business School (Costa Rica), and a BA in Political Science by the University of Costa Rica. He has published eight books and has another one in press, and has also written several chapters in different books and various academic articles. Likewise, he is a regular contributor for different newspapers of national scope in Costa Rica, and has been awarded several prizes, distinctions and honors (in Costa Rica and abroad). Fernando Sánchez is a Spanish native speaker and also has fluent knowledge of English and Italian Sanchez Campos served as congressman, i.e. member of the Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica, the unicameral parliament of Costa Rica during the period 2006-2010. He was appointed ambassador to the Vatican and to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)on August 24, 2010 http://www.nacion.com/2010-08-24/Deportes/UltimaHora/Deportes2496352.aspx. Fernando Felipe Sánchez Campos has worked in the public sector as a diplomat, representing the Republic of Costa Rica as Ambassador to the Holy See (The Vatican), to the Sovereign Order of Malta, and as Permanent Representative to the United Nations Rome-based agencies (Food and Agricultural Organization—FAO—, International Fund for Agricultural Development—IFAD—, and the World Food Program—WFP—). Moreover, he was elected by popular vote as a Deputy to the Legislative Assembly, where he served as President to several central legislative commissions such as: the Permanent Commission for Social Welfare Affairs and the Special Permanent Commission on Foreign Affairs and International Trade. In 2007 Mr Sanchez, by then a member of the Costa Rican parliament was implicated in a scandal concerning a memorandum that he and Kevin Casas, by then vice-president of Cost Rica and minister of national planning, sent to Oscar Arias, president of Costa Rica at the time. The memorandum discussed the strategy to be followed by government and the ruling party, Liberacion Nacional, on the referendum that took place on October, 2007 on CAFTA-DR. The memo leaked to the press, creating controversy, particularly among the people who opposed CAFTA-DR. According to detractors, the memo suggested questionable and potentially illegal tactics in the government's campaign for the Central American Free-Trade Agreement with the United States. As a consequence of the controversy, Casas announced his resignation from his posts as Vice-President and Planning Minister. Sanchez Campos resigned as member of two parliament committees that he chaired at the moment the controversy erupted– the Electoral Reform Commission and the Commission on the Development Bank Law Controversy memorandum. On June, 2010 Sanchez Campos was implicated in a controversy concerning the visit of US actor Steven Seagal to Costa Rica. According to Sanchez Campos’ account he introduced Seagal to the top Costa Rican authorities that the actor met. Seagal’s meeting with Costa Rican ministers was criticized by Costa Rican media on the grounds of pending legal pursuits against Seagal concerning sexual harassment matters . Seagal met José María Tijerino, then minister of Seguridad (Police) as well as the director of the Organismo de Investigación Judicial (OIJ), Jorge Rojas, and reportedly offered his cooperation to develop a proposal to fight crime in Costa Rica. He also met René Castro, Costa Rican minister of foreign affairs to discuss these issues . Seagal claims that he serves as reserve deputy chief of the Sheriff's Office in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana. In 2009, his work there was made into a TV reality show. Critics contend that Seagal’s rank of deputy chief is purely ceremonial, although his show suggests that it includes actual involvement. Critics also contend that Seagal says he attended a police academy in Los Angeles and has a certificate from Peace Officer Standards & Training (POST), an organization that accredits police officers. However, according to media reports, POST officials in California and Louisiana said they had no record of Seagal being certified. Sanchez Campos is the author and co-author of numerous publications. Among others, he published Partidos políticos, elecciones y lealtades partidarias en Costa Rica: Erosión y Cambio; Politica y poder; Reflexiones desde mi ventana (2005); and Fortalecimiento de los partidos políticos en América Latina: Institucionalización, democratización y transparencia. Fernando Sánchez Campos Fernando" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Mercury(II) hydride Mercury(II) hydride (systematically named mercurane(2) and dihydridomercury) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula (also written as ). It is both thermodynamically and kinetically unstable at standard temperature and pressure, hence little is known about its bulk properties at these conditions. However, it is kinetically stable at temperatures below , presenting as a white solid, or as a colourless vapour at partial pressures. It has no economic uses, and is only intentionally produced for academic reasons. It is investigated as an intermediate chemical species in the reduction of mercuric solutions to elemental mercury, and for its effect on high sensitivity isotope-ratio mass spectrometry methods that involve mercury, such as MC-ICP-MS, when used to compare thallium to mercury. In solid mercury(II) hydride, the HgH molecules are connected by mercurophilic bonds. Trimers and a lesser proportion of dimers are detected in the vapour. Unlike solid zinc(II), and cadmium(II) hydride, which are network solids, solid mercury(II) hydride is a covalently bound molecular solid. This is due to relativistic effects, which also accounts for the relatively low decomposition temperature of -125 °C. The HgH molecule is linear and symmetric in the form H-Hg-H. The bond length is 1.646543 Å. The antisymmetric stretching frequency, ν of the bond is 1912.8 cm, 57.34473 THz for isotopes Hg and H. The energy needed to break the Hg-H bond in HgH is 70 kcal/mol. The second bond in the resulting HgH is much weaker only needing 8.6 kcal/mol to break. Reacting two hydrogen atoms releases 103.3 kcal/mol, and so HgH formation from hydrogen molecules and Hg gas is endothermic at 24.2 kcal/mol. The mercuran(2)yl group (-HgH) in mercury(II) hydride can incorporate an electron pair from a Lewis base into the molecule by adduction: Because of this capture of the Lewis base (L), mercury(II) hydride has Lewis-acidic character. Mercury(II) hydride is a weak Lewis acid, able to capture two Lewis bases. The mercuran(2)yl group can also incorporate a proton into the molecule by dissociative protonation: Because of this capture of the proton (), mercury(II) hydride and its adducts also has basic character. They are weak basic, able to absorb two protons. Mercury(II) hydride's conjugate acids are mercuran(2)ylium () and mercury(2+) (). An aqueous solution contains only a portion of mercury(II) hydride moeities that are singly protonated. However, aqueous solutions are unstable due to hydrolysis of both the mercury(II) hydride moeity and mercuran(2)ylium ion: From the second reaction, it can be seen that mercury(II) hydride hydrolysis is catalysed by acidic conditions. Alireza Shayesteh \"et al\" conjectured that bacteria, containing the flavoprotein, mercuric reductase, such as \"Escherichia coli\", can in theory reduce soluble mercury compounds to volatile HgH, which should have a transient existence in nature. Mercury(II) hydride may be prepared by the reduction of mercury(II) chloride. In this process, mercury(II) chloride and a hydride salt equivalent react to produce mercury(II) hydride according to the following equations, which depend on the stochiometry of the reaction: Variations of this method exits where mercury(II) chloride is substituted for its heavier halide homologues. Mercury(II) hydride can also be generated by direct synthesis from the elements in the gas phase or in cryogenic inert gas martices: This requires excitation of the mercury atom to the P or P state, as atomic mercury in its ground-state does not insert into the dihydrogen bond. Excitation is accomplished by means of an ultraviolet-laser, or electric discharge. The initial yield is high; however, due to the product being in an excited state, a significant amount dissociates rapidly into mercury(I) hydride, then back into the initial reagents: This is the preferred method for matrix isolation research. Besides mercury(II) hydride, it also produces other mercury hydrides in lesser quantities, such as the mercury(I) hydrides (HgH and HgH). Unpon treatment with a Lewis base, mercury(II) hydride coverts to an adduct. Upon treatment with a standard acid, mercury(II) hydride and its adducts convert either to a mercury salt or a mercuran(2)yl derivative and elemental hydrogen. Oxidation of mercury(II) hydride gives elemental mercury. Unless cooled below , mercury(II) hydride decomposes to produce elemental mercury and hydrogen: Mercury(II) hydride was successfully synthesized and identified in 1951 by Egon Wiberg and Walter Henle, by the reaction of mercury(II) iodide and lithium tetrahydroaluminate in a mixture of petroleum ether and tetrahydrofuran. In 1993 Legay-Sommaire announced HgH production in cryogenic argon and krypton matrices with a KrF laser. In 2004, solid HgH was definitively synthesized and consequentially analysed, by Xuefeng Wang and Lester Andrews, by direct matrix isolation reaction of excited mercury with molecular hydrogen. In 2005, gaseous HgH was synthesized by Alireza Shayesteh \"et al\", by the direct gas-phase reaction of excited mercury with molecular hydrogen at standard temperature; and Xuefeng Wang and Lester Andrews determined the structure of solid mercury HgH, to be a molecular solid. Mercury(II) hydride Mercury(II) hydride (systematically named mercurane(2)" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Stanley Alexander de Smith Stanley Alexander de Smith FBA (27 March 1922 – 12 February 1974) was an English academic lawyer and author. De Smith was born in London and educated at Southend High School and St Catharine's College, Cambridge (BA 1942, MA 1946); he received his doctorate from the University of London in 1959. After distinguished war service with the Royal Artillery—during which he was mentioned in despatches and awarded the Order of Leopold II and the Croix de Guerre (1940) with palms—he taught from 1946 at the London School of Economics, University of London, successively as Assistant Lecturer, Lecturer, Reader and (from 1959-1970) as Professor of Public Law. He taught LLM courses on \"Constitutional Laws of the Commonwealth I\" (focusing on Canada, Australia and either India or Pakistan) and, from 1957, \"a second course on constitutional laws of the Commonwealth, with a syllabus excluding those countries already covered by the established course and devoting special attention to the constitutions of Ghana, the Federation of Malaya, the Federation and Regions of Nigeria, the Federation of the West Indies, the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Singapore, Uganda and Kenya\". In 1954 he accompanied Sir Keith Hancock, acting as secretary to the Namirembe Conference in Uganda. In 1970, de Smith returned to the University of Cambridge as Downing Professor of the Laws of England and a Fellow of Fitzwilliam College. In 1971 he was elected to a Fellowship of the British Academy. He was editor of the Cambridge Law Journal from 1973-74. He died in February 1974, aged 51. During the 1960s he served on a part-time basis as Constitutional Commissioner for Mauritius. His work for Mauritius is commemorated by a memorial in the Pamplemousses Botanical Gardens; his ashes were scattered in that country. De Smith's research and writing in the field of constitutional law focused in particular on the constitutional problems of developing countries: his advice in this area was frequently sought by the United Kingdom and other governments, and his work led to the publication of \"The New Commonwealth and its Constitutions\" in 1964, and after a stay as visiting fellow at the Center for International Studies and as visiting professor at the Law School of New York University, of \"Microstates and Micronesia\" in 1970. To the end of his career he continued to be active as a consultant upon the constitutional problems of emergent states and nations. A second area of interest was administrative law. From the publication in 1959 of the first edition of \"Judicial Review of Administrative Action\", his reputation rapidly became established. He produced two further editions of this work in 1968 and 1973. A fourth edition was prepared in 1980 by Professor John M. Evans. Two subsequent editions of de Smith's ground-breaking work have been written by an editorial team led by Lord Woolf, Professor Jeffrey Jowell QC and Professor Andrew Le Sueur. Among his other works was a popular student text, \"Constitutional and Administrative Law\", with subsequent editions prepared by Barbara de Smith (de Smith's widow), Professor Harry Street and Professor Rodney Brazier. de Smith was joint-editor of \"Commonwealth and Dependencies\" in the third edition of Halsbury's Laws of England and editor of \"Administrative Law\" in the fourth edition of that work. An obituary in the \"Cambridge Law Journal\" paid tribute to \"a legacy of outstanding scholarship. He reshaped administrative law as an academic subject in the United Kingdom, and his wide-ranging contributions to the literature of public law were consistently incisive and constructive. His style was both elegant and distinctive: like Blackstone – as Jeremy Bentham put it – he spoke the language of the scholar and the gentleman\". The \"Cambridge Law Journal\" noted that de Smith \"was at his happiest in postgraduate teaching and the supervision of research students, but he cared deeply about all aspects of teaching and tripos reform ... Those that knew him will remember him as a somewhat reserved person with a quiet sense of humour, though they will not have known that the appearance of reserve was the result of deafness caused by his artillery service in the war; he was invariably encouraging to his students and younger colleagues and he was generous in his assessment of others\". A notice in the Modern Law Review, a journal for which he served as secretary for many years, gave the following assessment: His work in administrative law has been of seminal significance in the development of the principles of judicial review by courts throughout the Commonwealth. With characteristic modesty, he was astonished by the success of his major books. ... Stanley de Smith was a scholar and legal writer of exceptional quality. He was shy and gave a—perhaps deceptive—impression of diffidence, but his conversation was enlivened by a dry humour, sometimes rather reminiscent of his hero, Maitland, with whom as a constitutional lawyer he will certainly stand comparison Stanley Alexander de Smith Stanley Alexander de Smith FBA (27 March 1922 – 12 February 1974) was an English academic lawyer and author. De Smith was born in London and educated at Southend High School and St Catharine's College, Cambridge (BA 1942, MA 1946); he received his doctorate from the University of London in 1959. After distinguished war service with the Royal Artillery—during which he was mentioned in despatches and awarded the Order of Leopold II and the Croix de Guerre (1940) with palms—he taught from 1946 at the London" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Chart (1970) \| Peak position \n---\|--- \nAustria (Ö3 Austria Top 40) \| \nDenmark (Tracklisten) \| \nBelgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders) \| 10 \nFrance (SNEP) \| \nGermany (Official German Charts) \| 5 \nNetherlands (Dutch Top 40) \| \nNetherlands (Single Top 100) \| \nNorway (VG-lista) \| \nSweden (Radio Sweden) \| \nSwitzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) \| \nUS Billboard Hot 100 \| \nUK Singles Chart \| \n \"All Right Now\" is a single by the English rock band Free. The song, released in 1970, hit #2 on the UK singles chart and #4 on the US Billboard Hot 100 singles chart. \"All Right Now\" originally appeared on the album Fire and Water, which Free recorded on the Island Records label, formed by Chris Blackwell. In 1991, the song was remixed and re-released, reaching #8 on the UK singles chart. \n Pepsi & Shirlie recorded the song as a single (#50) and an album (#69) of the same name in 1987. \n According to drummer Simon Kirke, \"All Right Now\" was written by bassist Andy Fraser and singer Paul Rodgers in the Durham Students' Union building, Dunelm House. \n Since 1972, \"All Right Now\" as arranged by Stanford Band has been the de facto fight song of Stanford University athletic teams. \n \"All Right Now\" was a #1 hit in over 20 territories and was recognised by ASCAP (American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers) in 1990 for garnering 1,000,000 plus radio plays in the U.S. by late 1989. In 2006, the BMI London awards included a Million Air award for 3 million air plays of \"All Right Now\" in the USA. \n One of the engineers during the recordings of \"All Right Now\" was Roy Thomas Baker. \n * Paul Rodgers–lead vocal \n * Paul Kossoff–electric guitar \n * Andy Fraser–bass guitar, piano \n * Simon Kirke–drums \n\n\n \"All Right Now\", recorded by Mike Oldfield (produced by Tom Newman), with vocals by Wendy Roberts, Pierre Moerlen and Tom Newman, was issued as a one-sided promotional blue 7\" single flexi-disc in 1979. The single was given only to Virgin Records executives and never issued to the public, making it one of the most elusive collectors' items in the Oldfield catalogue (number Virgin TT-362). \n Also in 1979, studio disco group Witch Queen released a disco version of the song, as a double A-side with a cover of T. Rex's Bang a Gong. It peaked at number eight on the US Billboard disco chart. \n Rod Stewart recorded the song and released it as a single in the U.S., reaching #72 in the winter of 1985. \n Wilson Pickett recorded \"All Right Now\" in 1971; the song reached #2 on the R&B chart and #24 on the pop chart, and was included on his 1972 album Don't Knock My Love, his final album for Atlantic Records. \n \"All Right Now\" \n--- \nSingle by Free \nfrom the album Fire and Water \nB-side \| \"Mouthful of Grass\" \nReleased \| May 1970 (1970-05) \nFormat \| 7-inch single \nRecorded \| \n\n * January 1970, \n * Trident and Island Studios \n * (London, England) \n\n \nGenre \| \n\n * Hard rock \n * blues rock \n\n \nLength \| 4:14 (single version) 5:31 (album version) \nLabel \| Island \nSongwriter (s) \| \n\n * Andy Fraser \n * Paul Rodgers \n\n \nProducer (s) \| Free \nFree singles chronology \n\| \"Fire and Water\" (1970) \| \"All Right Now\" (1970) \| \"The Stealer\" (1970) \n---\|---\|--- \nAudio sample \n \n * file \n * help \n\n\n Lemonescent had a cover version of that song reaching #37 in Scotland and the UK in 2004 before the group was disbanded." ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Urum Kalu Eke Elder Urum Kalu \"UK\" Eke, Mfr (born 20 November 1964) is the Group Managing Director, FBN Holdings Plc. Prior to this appointment he was an Executive Director with First Bank of Nigeria Limited. Before this, he had worked with Diamond Bank Plc. where he rose to become an Executive Director. He began his career in 1986 with Deloitte Haskins & Sells International, a firm of chartered accountants. A recipient of the Nigerian National Order of Merit (NNOM), Member of the Order of the Federal Republic (Mfr), UK, as he is more commonly known, is also a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria. UK was born in Lagos. His father was a Scotland-trained nurse, who had to flee Lagos with his young family just before the outbreak of the Nigerian Civil War in 1967. Along with his mother, a housewife, and six other siblings, UK traversed Eastern Nigeria in the Civil War years, accompanying a father whose profession was much sought after during the war. The third of his parents’ children, and first male child, UK attended Comprehensive Secondary School, Aba and Government College, Umuahia for his West African School Certificate (WASC) and Higher School Certificate (HSC) respectively. Thereafter he obtained a bachelor’s degree in Political Science from the University of Lagos in 1985, before completing an MBA in Projects Management Technology from Federal University of Technology, Owerri in 2008. From 1985, UK spent his 1-year mandatory post-graduation service in the employment of Deloitte Haskins and Sells International. He worked for another 5 years with the company rising up to the post of Audit Senior/Consultant. UK spent nineteen years with Diamond Bank. His increasingly senior roles in the bank included branch manager, Regional Manager, Divisional Head and Executive Director. He left Diamond Bank in April 2011. UK joined FirstBank as Executive Director, Public Sector (South), in May 2011 - he was responsible in this function for all state and federal government relationships, in addition to tertiary and health institutions in the south of Nigeria. UK was also appointed FirstBank’s Chief Knowledge Officer in 2013. On Monday 4 January 2016 UK resumed office as Group Managing Director, FBN Holdings Plc., replacing Mr. Bello Maccido, the pioneer Group CEO of FBN Holdings. UK is married to Dr. Uganze Eke, a pharmacist. The couple have four daughters. A Paul Harris Fellow of Rotary International, UK founded the Elder (Chief) K.U. Eke Memorial Foundation, through which he supports education scholarship, women empowerment, training of clergy men/pastors, mentoring and capacity building. UK, Fellow of the Institute of Management Consultants, and Fellow of the Institute of Directors, also sits on the board of the Nigeria Sovereign Investment Authority (NSIA), a position to which he was appointed on 16 February 2017. Urum Kalu Eke Elder Urum Kalu \"UK\" Eke, Mfr (born 20 November 1964) is the Group Managing Director, FBN Holdings Plc. Prior to this appointment he was an Executive Director with First Bank of Nigeria Limited. Before this, he had worked" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Robert Renwick Robert Peter Renwick (born 21 July 1988) is a Scottish former competitive swimmer who represented Great Britain at the Olympics and FINA world championships, as well as Scotland in the Commonwealth Games. Renwick is a world champion and a Commonwealth Games gold medallist. He first rose to prominence by swimming the anchor leg in the Scottish men's 4×200-metre freestyle relay team at the 2006 Commonwealth Games as a 17-year-old. The team won silver, after he was narrowly touched out by the English relay team. Renwick featured in every major Olympic or world championship for Britain from 2007 to 2016. Robert qualified for Team GB at the 2008 Beijing Olympics in two events, the 200-metre freestyle and the 4×200-metre freestyle relay. He achieved this by finishing second, behind Ross Davenport, in the 2008 Long Course British Championships (incorporating the Olympic trials). His time in the final was 1:48.29. Renwick won the gold medal in the 200 m freestyle at the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi, India. He touched out Kendrick Monk of Australia in a close race. His greatest success came in the 2015 World Championships in Kazan, Russia where Renwick, along with Dan Wallace, Callum Jarvis and James Guy beat the United States in the men's 4×200 m freestyle. Renwick's 2nd leg split of 1:45.98 was the fastest of his career at the age of 27. Renwick held the British record for the 200 m freestyle in a time of 1:45.99 for six years, and was a member of the 4×200 m freestyle relay team that holds the record at 7:04.43. Robert Renwick Robert Peter Renwick (born 21 July 1988) is a Scottish former competitive swimmer who represented Great Britain at the Olympics and FINA world championships, as well as Scotland in the Commonwealth Games. Renwick is a" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Offshore balancing Offshore balancing is a strategic concept used in realist analysis in international relations. It describes a strategy in which a great power uses favored regional powers to check the rise of potentially-hostile powers. This strategy stands in contrast to the dominant grand strategy in the United States, liberal hegemony. Offshore balancing calls for a great power to withdraw from onshore positions and focus its offshore capabilities on the three key geopolitical regions of the world: Europe, the Persian Gulf, and Northeast Asia. Christopher Layne attributes the introduction of the term \"offshore balancing\" to himself in his 1997 article. Several experts on strategy, such as John Mearsheimer, Stephen Walt, Robert Pape, Patrick Porter and Andrew Bacevich, have embraced the approach. The \"offshore balancing\" arguably permits a great power to maintain its power without the costs of large military deployments around the world. It can be seen as the informal-empire analogue to federalism in formal ones (for instance the proposal for the Imperial Federation in the late British Empire) It was primarily used during the Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union. According to political scientist John Mearsheimer, in his University of Chicago \"American Grand Strategy\" class, offshore balancing was the strategy used by the United States in the 1930s and also in the 1980–1988 Iran-Iraq War. Mearsheimer argues that when the United States gave Lend-Lease aid to Britain in the 1940s, the United States engaged in offshore balancing by being the arsenal of democracy, not the fighter for it. That is consistent with offshore balancing because the US initially did not want to commit American lives to the European conflict. The United States supported the losing side (Iraq) in the Iran–Iraq War to prevent the development of a regional hegemon, which could ultimately threaten US influence. Furthermore, offshore balancing can seem like isolationism when a rough balance of power in international relations exists, which was the case in the 1930s. Offshore balancing Offshore balancing is a strategic concept used in realist analysis in international relations. It describes a strategy in which a great power uses favored regional powers to check the rise of potentially-hostile powers. This strategy stands in contrast to the dominant grand strategy in the United States, liberal hegemony. Offshore balancing calls for a great power to withdraw from onshore positions and focus its offshore capabilities on the three key geopolitical regions of the world:" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Paul Kane (poet) Paul Kane (born March 23, 1950) is an American poet, critic and scholar. Awards for his work include Fellowships from the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Guggenheim Foundation, the Bogliasco Foundation, a Fulbright Award, and an honorary doctorate from La Trobe University in Australia. He is also considered an Australian poet. Kane teaches at Vassar College and lives in Warwick, New York. Kane was born in a small village in upstate New York and has lived most of his life in the country. Residing in Warwick, NY, since 1974, he also spends time each year in rural Australia, where he built himself a house as a retreat. He finished high school at The Hill School in Pottstown, PA, where he met visiting poet W. H. Auden, and afterwards spent a year at St. Peter's School in York, England, on an English-Speaking Union Fellowship. He subsequently attended Yale University, where he was active in the student movement. After college, he began studying at the Chardavogne Barn, under the tutelage of W. A. Nyland. He spent a decade working various jobs, including teaching, carpentry, landscaping, rug repair and bookselling. In 1980, he married Tina Kane (née Reynolds), a well-known textile conservator, who worked at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and ran an independent conservation workshop. Kane received a Fulbright award to the University of Melbourne in 1984 to write a study of Australian poetry. He then spent a year as the Schweitzer Prize Preceptor in Poetics at New York University before returning to Yale in 1986, where he completed a doctorate. Since 1990, he has worked as a professor at Vassar College. As an undergraduate at Yale (1969–73) Kane worked with poets Mark Strand, Richard Howard, and Jean Valentine and studied literature with Cleanth Brooks and Harold Bloom. He also met Robert Penn Warren, Elizabeth Bishop, Robert Lowell and Allen Ginsburg (who visited during the student strike in 1970). After college Kane began publishing poems in journals, including \"Poetry\", \"The New American Review\", \"The Paris Review\", \"The New Republic\", \"The Kenyon Review\" and \"Grand Street\". After the Fulbright year in Australia, where he befriended poets Vincent Buckley, Chris Wallace-Crabbe, Gwen Harwood, Kevin Hart, Philip Hodgins and Les Murray, he worked with John Hollander, Harold Bloom and Geoffrey Hartman at the Yale Graduate School. He taught briefly at Yale before going on to Vassar College. During that time, his first book of poems was published by George Braziller in New York, \"The Farther Shore\" (1989), which Nobel Laureate Joseph Brodsky described as \"a dark echo of Robert Frost.\" In 1994, Kane co-edited the Library of America edition of \"Ralph Waldo Emerson: Collected Poems and Translations\", and brought out the following year, \"Poetry of the American Renaissance: A Diverse Anthology from the Romantic Period\" (1995, rev. 2012). This was followed by his ground-breaking \"Australian Poetry: Romanticism and Negativity\" (1996), hailed as \"magnificent\" and praised for its \"theoretical reach and elegance.\" Kane's second book of poems, \"Drowned Lands\" (2000), continued the personal and historical themes explored in his earlier collection. Harold Bloom praised Kane for adding to \"the Virgilian elegance of \"The Farther Shore\" a quality of quizzical wisdom.\" Kane's next major collection, \"Work Life\" (2007), extended his range (John Koethe thought it \"imbued with the magic of the matter-of-fact\") and touched on the collective trauma of 9/11, as in the poem \"The Knowing\". In 2011, a collection of his poems was translated into Chinese as \"The Scholar's Rock\", and, in 2013, Kane collaborated with the Irish sound artist Katie O'Looney to make \"Seven Catastrophes in Four Movements\" (Farpoint Recordings). As a scholar of American literature, Kane writes primarily on the work of the Transcendentalists, particularly Ralph Waldo Emerson, but he also focuses on contemporary poetry and criticism. His interest in environmental literature can be seen in his Rothko Chapel talk, published as \"Inner Landscapes as Sacred Landscapes\" in \"The Kenyon Review\" (2003). Kane's involvement with Australian literature has grown steadily over the years. A founding member of the American Association of Australasian Literary Studies in 1986, and President from 1991-96, he has been Poetry Editor of its journal \"Antipodes\" since its inception. In 1995 he attended the inaugural Mildura Writers Festival in Australia and subsequently became Artistic Director. In 2012, as General Editor, he initiated The Braziller Series of Australian Poets to introduce contemporary Australian poets to American readers. Nobel laureate J. M. Coetzee, writing in \"The New York Review of Books\", called Kane's Australian Poetry \"the best study we have of poetry in Australia.\" In 2013, Kane received an honorary degree from La Trobe University for his contribution to Australia's cultural life. Kane is included in a volume of interviews of writers and intellectuals by Cassandra Atherton, \"In So Many Words\" (2013), which also features Noam Chomsky, Howard Zinn, Camille Paglia and Harold Bloom. \"Kane's big third collection presents poems as well crafted as any these days, as well as a wonderfully appealing persona. His poetic voice is modest, reporting ruminatively rather than solipsistically within the flow of personal experience. There's no missing his intelligence—or his cultivation. 'Psyche,' the long poem at this book's center, attests to his strengths rather magnificently….Perhaps Coleridge, were he with us now, would write such a poem.\" \"The special paradox of Kane's achievement is to have crafted a form of address as deceptively open as Walt Whitman's, while being as edgy and as spiritually cryptic as Emily Dickinson.\" \"There are so many influences and traditions underpinning this work, yet it speaks to a reader with simplicity and clarity, so that one comes not merely to enjoy, but to value its irony and its philosophical refinement.\" Over the course of his career, Paul Kane has won a variety of awards for poetry and teaching. While he was a student at Yale, he won the university's McLaughlin English Prize in 1970, and in 1973, he was appointed Class Poet. In 1984, he won a Fulbright Post-Graduate Grant, and in 1985, the Schweitzer Prize Preceptorship in Poetics from New York University. The following year, he was awarded Yale University's university fellowship. In 1987, he received a Literature Board Project Grant from the Australia Council, and in 1990, he was elected to PEN America. In 1989, Kane was an Expert-in-Residence at Hamilton College in Australia and a Guest Fellow at Ezra Stiles college at his alma mater, Yale University. In 1998, he was awarded both an NEH Fellowship from the National Endowment for the Humanities and a Guggenheim Fellowship from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. In 2000, Paul Kane was a visiting scholar at Monash University in Australia. In 2007, he was awarded the Philip Hodgins Memorial Medal for Service in Mildura, Australia. In 2012, he received an Initiative Grant Literature Board of the Australia Council for the Arts and was an artist-in-residence at The Guesthouse Arts Collective in Cork, Ireland. In 2012, Kane was also appointed as Poet Laureate of Orange County, New York. In 2013, The Liguria Study Center in Bogliasco, Italy awarded Kane with its Bogliasco Fellowship. In 2013, Paul Kane was awarded an Honorary Doctorate (honoris causa) from La Trobe University in Melbourne, Australia. Paul Kane (poet) Paul Kane (born March 23, 1950)" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Ogonnelloe Ogonnelloe () is a Catholic parish and civil parish in east County Clare, Ireland, situated on the R463 regional road between Scariff and Killaloe and in the surrounding hills. The parish is in the barony of Tulla. It is northwest of Killaloe on the road to Scarriff. It lies on the south side of Scariff bay, which opens into Lough Derg. Most of the parish lies in a valley, with high hills in the background. The parish covers . Most of the land is suitable for farming, but there is some mountain bog. As of 1837 there was the ruins of an old church at Ballybrohan, and the ruins of Cahir castle on a small island about from the shore. The castle had recently been partially blown up after having been used for illegal distillation. The parish of Ogonnelloe is in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Killaloe. Churches are St Mary's in Ballybrohan and St Molua's in Ogonnelloe. Townlands are Aughinish, Ballybran, Ballybroghan, Ballyheefy, Ballyhurly, Ballylaghnan, Ballynagleragh, Bealkelly (Eyre), Bealkelly (Purdon), Caher, Carrowcore, Carrowena, Carrowgar, Islandcosgry, Rahena Beg and Rahena More. Ogonnelloe Ogonnelloe () is a Catholic parish and civil parish in east County Clare, Ireland, situated on the" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Irina Grazhdanova Irina Grazhdanova is a paralympic swimmer from Russia competing mainly in category S9 events. Irina competed at both the 2004 and 2008 Summer Paralympics. In both games she won a silver in the 50m freestyle behind South Africa's Natalie du Toit. In 2004, she also competed in the 100m butterfly where she finished last in her heat, 200m individual medley finishing in fifth in her heat but not advancing to the final,100m freestyle finishing seventh in the final and was part of the Russian team that missed out on bronze in the 4 × 100 m medley by 0.12 seconds. In the 2008 games she also competed in the 100m butterfly, the 100m freestyle, 200m individual medley and the 400m freestyle but failed to make the final in any of the events. Irina Grazhdanova Irina Grazhdanova is a paralympic swimmer from Russia competing mainly in category S9 events. Irina competed at both the 2004 and 2008 Summer Paralympics. In both games she won a silver in the 50m freestyle behind South Africa's Natalie du Toit. In 2004, she also competed in the 100m butterfly where she finished last in her heat, 200m individual medley finishing in fifth in" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Robert Tappan Morris Robert Tappan Morris (born November 8, 1965) is an American computer scientist and entrepreneur. He is best known for creating the Morris Worm in 1988, considered the first computer worm on the Internet. Morris was prosecuted for releasing the worm, and became the first person convicted under the then-new Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. He went on to co-found the online store Viaweb, one of the first web-based applications, and later the funding firm Y Combinator—both with Paul Graham. He later joined the faculty in the department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he received tenure in 2006. Morris was born in 1965 to parents Robert Morris and Anne Farlow Morris. The senior Morris was a computer scientist at Bell Labs, who helped design Multics and Unix; and later became the chief scientist at the National Computer Security Center, a division of the National Security Agency (NSA). Morris grew up in the Millington section of Long Hill Township, New Jersey and graduated from Delbarton School in 1983. Morris attended Harvard University, and later went on to graduate school at Cornell. During his first year there, he designed a computer worm that disrupted many computers on what was then a fledgling internet. This led to him being indicted a year later. Morris' worm was developed in 1988, while he was a graduate student at Cornell University. He said it was designed to gauge the size of the Internet. He released the worm from MIT, rather than from Cornell. The worm exploited several vulnerabilities to gain entry to targeted systems, including: The worm was programmed to check each computer it found to determine if the infection was already present. However, Morris believed that some administrators might try to defeat his worm by instructing the computer to report a false positive. To compensate for this possibility, Morris directed the worm to copy itself anyway, 14% of the time, no matter what the response to the infection-status interrogation. This level of persistence was a design flaw: it created system loads that not only brought it to the attention of system administrators, but also disrupted the target computers. During the ensuing trial, it was estimated that the cost in \"potential loss in productivity\" caused by the worm and efforts to remove it from different systems ranged from $200 to $53,000. In 1989, Morris was indicted for violating United States Code Title 18 (), the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. He was the first person to be indicted under this act. In December 1990, he was sentenced to three years of probation, 400 hours of community service, and a fine of $10,050 plus the costs of his supervision. He appealed, but the motion was rejected the following March. Morris' stated motive during the trial was \"to demonstrate the inadequacies of current security measures on computer networks by exploiting the security defects [he] had discovered.\" He completed his sentence as of 1994. Morris' principal research interest is computer network architectures which includes work on distributed hash tables such as Chord and wireless mesh networks such as Roofnet. He is a longtime friend and collaborator of Paul Graham. In addition to founding two companies together, Graham dedicated his book \"ANSI Common Lisp\" to Morris, and named the programming language that generates the online stores' web pages RTML in his honor. Graham lists Morris as one of his personal heroes, saying \"he's never wrong.\" Robert Tappan Morris Robert Tappan Morris (born November 8, 1965) is an American computer scientist and entrepreneur. He is best known for creating the Morris" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Georges Jouve Georges Jouve is an important ceramist of the 20th century. He was born in 1910 in Fontenay-sous-Bois and his parents were both decorators. At 17 years old, Jouve enrolled at the prestigious Ecole Boulle in Paris where he received theoretical instruction in Art History in addition to his technical studies as a sculptor. After Graduation in 1930 he first embarked on his artistic career as a theatrical set designer. During World War II, Jouve was captured by the Germans and interned in a German camp. After several attempts he escaped from the camp and took refuge at his step parents home in a potters village in the South of France called Dieulefit. In 1944, Jouve and his family moved back to Paris. He opened his studio in Paris and was invited by Jacques Adnet to participate in the exhibition “La Ceramique Contemporaine” by the Compagnie des Arts Francais. He then participated annually in numerous 'Salons' in France and internationally such as the “Salon des Artistes Decorateurs” in Paris, Association Francaise d'Action Artistique in Rio de Janeiro, and Vienna, Toronto, Rome, Milan, and Cairo. Brunhammer, Yovonne, Delaporte Guilemette. Le style des annees 30 a 50. Editions de l illustration Baschet & Cie, Paris, 1987. Fare, Michel. La ceramique contemporaine. Compagnie des Arts Photomecaniques. Strasbourg, Paris. 1953. Georges Jouve Georges Jouve is an important ceramist of the 20th century. He was born in 1910 in Fontenay-sous-Bois and his parents were both decorators. At 17 years old, Jouve enrolled at the prestigious Ecole Boulle in Paris where he received theoretical instruction in Art History in addition to his technical studies as a sculptor. After Graduation in 1930 he first embarked on his artistic career as a theatrical set designer. During World War II, Jouve was captured by the Germans and interned" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Dejan Ognjanović (author) Dejan Ognjanović (born January 30, 1973) is a contemporary Serbian horror author, literary critic, film critic, editor and a translator. He was the first in Serbia, and the Balkans, to write a doctoral dissertation on poetics of the horror genre. In Serbia, Ognjanović is considered a connoisseur of the horror genre, both in literature and film. Ognjanović's research interests include English and American Literature, History of Literature, Literary Theory, Short Story, and especially the horror genre in Anglo-American literature and film. Dejan Ognjanović was born in Niš, on January 30, 1973, in Serbia, at the time a part of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. He got his B.A. in English Language and Literature at the Faculty of Philosophy, Niš, Serbia in 1996. At the same place he got his M.A. in American Literature by defending his M.A. Thesis \"Gothic Motifs in the Works of Edgar Allan Poe\" in 2009. In 2012, Ognjanović earned a Ph.D. in Anglo-American Literature at the Faculty of Philology, Belgrade, Serbia with a Ph.D. thesis titled \"Historical Poetics of Horror Genre in Anglo-American Literature\". Dejan Ognjanović worked at the Faculty of Philosophy in Niš, as a teaching assistant, at the Department of English studies, on the subject of American literature. He worked there for ten years, from 1999 to 2009. Ognjanović is an alumnus of the Junior Faculty Development Program (JFDP) through American Councils for International Education. Thanks to their grant, he spent two semesters (Fall 2003 – Spring 2004) as a visiting scholar at UC Berkeley, California, USA, at the courses relevant for American studies. After problems that Ognjanović had with his professor and mentor, he had to leave his job at the Faculty of Philosophy in Niš in 2009. Currently, Ognjanović is an independent scholar and editor at \"Orfelin Publishing\" (Novi Sad, Serbia) where he edits the series \"Poetics of Horror\", which includes translations of some works, extensive afterwords for each book, biographies and bibliographies of selected authors, etc. Ognjanović considers writing horror fiction his primary vocation. In Serbia he has published two novels and about two dozens of stories. Naživo (\"In Vivo\", 2003) is a brutal and dark tale about the resonances of the war violence from Bosnia and Kosovo in a „peaceful“ environment of sanctions-bound and depraved Interzone called Serbia. Politics, war, snuff, occult, underground cinema and pornography are merged in a gruesome tale of a young man's search for meaning in the middle of chaos. Ognjanović's second novel, \"Zavodnik\" (\"The Seducer\", 2014) brings a change of pace: it is an atmospheric folk-horror Serbian rendition of Henry James's The Turn of the Screw, about a young teacher brought into a mostly deserted and dead village in the mountains to teach a couple of orphans under the care of their grandma. However, it seems that their much-maligned father is not quite dead... Both of these novels had two editions; \"Naživo\" is sold-out and out of print. Ognjanović's short stories and novellas have been published in many Serbian magazines, journals and book anthologies. So far, none of Ognjanović's fiction has been published in English. Ognjanović's essays in English were published in the books edited by Steven Schneider:\"100 European Horror Films\" (British Film Institute, London, 2007), on \"Déjà vu\", 1987); \"501 Movie Directors\" (Quintessence / Barron's, London / New York City, 2007), on Alejandro Jodorowsky, Goran Marković, James Whale, Jan Svankmajer, Kaneto Shindo, Kim Ki Duk and Sogo Ishii; \"101 Horror Movies You Must See Before You Die\" (Quintessence / ABC Books, London/Sydney, 2009) on Mask of the Demon, Suspiria, The Abominable Dr Phibes, The Beyond, The Devil Rides Out, The Exorcist, The Masque of the Red Death and The Wicker Man; \"101 SF Movies You Must See Before You Die\" (Quintessence / ABC Books, London/Sydney, 2009) on Blade Runner, Stalker, The Terminator and Robocop; \"101 Gangster Movies You Must See Before You Die\" (Quintessence / ABC Books, London/Sydney, 2009) on Dillinger, and \"101 War Movies You Must See Before You Die\" (Quintessence / ABC Books, 2009) on Tora! Tora! Tora! and Ballad of a Soldier. Ognjanović's essay \"Genre Films in Recent Serbian Cinema\" was published in a bilingual collection \"Uvođenje mladosti\" / \"Youth Rising\" (Filmski Centar Srbije, Beograd, 2008); it is also available in the special edition of the web magazine \"KinoKultura\" br. 8 (in English). Ognjanović's essays were also published in academic collections. His paper \"Why Is the Tension So High? The Monstrous Feminine in (Post)Modern Slasher Films\" is in \"Speaking Of Monsters: A Teratological Anthology\" (Caroline Joan S. Picart and John Edgar Browning, eds.), Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2012. Ognjanović's essay \"Welcome to the Reality Studio: Serbian Hand-Held Horrors\" is in \"Digital Horror: Haunted Technologies\", \"Network Panic\" and the \"Found Footage\" (Xavier Aldana Reyes, Linnie Blake, eds.) (IB Tauris, 2015). His first book in English is \"The Weird World of H.P. Lovecraft\" (Rue Morgue, 2017). Ognjanović writes book and film reviews and articles for Rue Morgue magazine since 2010. Ognjanović's interviews with the genre greats (i.e. Christopher Lee, Stuart Gordon, Jaume Balaguero, Sergio Stivaletti) were published in \"Horror Movie Heroes\" (Rue Morgue Library, Vol 2; 2014). He used to write book and film reviews and interviews on several, now mostly defunct websites in English, such as Kung Fu Cult Cinema, Twitch, Beyond Hollywood, Unearthed and Quiet Earth. In Serbia, Ognjanović has published five non-fiction books. Three studies: He also published a collection of essays \"Studija strave\" / \"A Study in Terror\" (Pančevo: Mali Nemo, 2008), and a book-length interview-study devoted to Serbian film director and horror-film pioneer, Đorđe Kadijević, \"Više od istine: Kadijević o Kadijeviću\" / \"More Than Truth: Kadijević on Kadijević\" (Novi Sad: Orfelin, 2017). In Serbia, Ognjanović has published over a hundred film reviews, essays and interviews since 1996, in numerous daily papers, magazines and cinema journals. Ognjanović's film critiques, essays and articles were, also, translated to Slovenian and published in their leading cinema magazine \"Ekran\". He was a co-programmer (with Mitch Davis) of the program Subversive Serbia at the Fantasia Film Festival (Montreal, Canada, 08-28. July 2010). He made a selection of seven Serbian genre films, four recent and three older, which he personally introduced, did the Q&A’s with their authors and gave a lecture on Serbian horror films (with film clips). He also wrote about those films for the festival’s program. During his stay he also gave several interviews in which he revealed the potentials and accomplishments of Serbian horrors, which was their most extensive and elaborate presentation anywhere outside of Serbia. He was a staunch defender of the controversial A Serbian Film (2010); he did the English subtitles for the film and wrote its first ever review in English, for \"The Quiet Earth\" website. Excerpts from his book devoted to Serbian horror cinema, \"In the Hills, the Horrors\", were translated to Czech and published in the magazine for theory, history and aesthetics of cinema, \"Iluminace\" (3/2011) in November 2011. Other than promoting his own books, Ognjanović has also held numerous public lectures and participated in panels, round tables, promotions, discussions and master classes with genre directors and actors in Serbia and elsewhere. He is a regular participant at the Grossmann Film and Wine Festival (Ljutomer, Slovenia) since 2007. Among many lectures and presentations, he also had master classes with such names as Brian Yuzna, Richard Stanley, Simon Boswell, Harry Kumel, Sergio Stivaletti and others. After \"Subversive Serbia\" at the Fantasia International Film Festival, he also presented Serbian horrors at the SLASH FILM FESTIVAL in Vienna (September 2011), where he", "to Czech and published in the magazine for theory, history and aesthetics of cinema, \"Iluminace\" (3/2011) in November 2011. Other than promoting his own books, Ognjanović has also held numerous public lectures and participated in panels, round tables, promotions, discussions and master classes with genre directors and actors in Serbia and elsewhere. He is a regular participant at the Grossmann Film and Wine Festival (Ljutomer, Slovenia) since 2007. Among many lectures and presentations, he also had master classes with such names as Brian Yuzna, Richard Stanley, Simon Boswell, Harry Kumel, Sergio Stivaletti and others. After \"Subversive Serbia\" at the Fantasia International Film Festival, he also presented Serbian horrors at the SLASH FILM FESTIVAL in Vienna (September 2011), where he introduced the screening of \"Variola vera\" and participated in a round table about subversion in cinema. He also gave lectures at the \"KRATKOFIL film festival\" in Banjaluka, Republika Srpska, Bosnia in June 2009, and at FANTASTIC ZAGREB (6-10. July 2011 and 3. July 2012, Zagreb, Croatia) and at Refesticon (Bijelo Polje, Montenegro, June 2018). Ognjanović has also participated at numerous genre festivals, manifestations and events in Serbia (Belgrade, Subotica, Niš, Zaječar etc.). In Serbia, Ognjanović has edited H. P. Lovecraft's best stories in Serbian, titled Nekronomikon, Beograd: Everest Media, 2008; 2nd expanded edition 2012; the ultimate edition Orfelin, Novi Sad, 2018. He translated many of the tales and accompanied them with his introductions, a lengthy afterword, annotated bibliography, Lovecraft's biography, etc. Ognjanović had also co-edited (with Ivan Velisavljević) \"Novi kadrovi: skrajnute vrednosti srpskog filma\" / \"New Frames: Hidden Gems of Serbian Cinema\" (Beograd: Clio, 2008), offering fresh insights into neglected authors, tendencies and (sub)genres of Serbian cinema. He is editing a series of books called \"Poetics of Horror\" for a Serbian publisher, \"Orfelin publishing\". It aims to represent the very best in horror fiction which hasn't yet been translated into Serbian. Between 2014 and 2018 he has selected, annotated, partially translated and wrote afterwords for: Ognjanović has published numerous translations from English, mostly of horror literature, including tales by H. P. Lovecraft, Algernon Blackwood, M. R. James, Arthur Machen and W. H. Hodgson, and a novel by Shirley Jackson. He is also working on translations from Serbian into English (screenplays, dialogue lists, synopses, director's statements, subtitles, etc). Ognjanović has also translated Richard Corben’s albums \"Haunt of Horror: E. A. Poe\" and \"Haunt of Horror: H. P. Lovecraft\" (Darkwood, Belgrade, 2014). Ognjanović is also writing about comics. He regularly writes afterwords and essays for the publisher Veseli četvrtak, especially for their editions of Dylan Dog, Martin Mystere and Zagor. Ognjanović also wrote afterwords for Serbian editions of Alberto Breccia’s albums \"Myths of Cthulhu\" and \"Mort Cinder\" (Darkwood, Belgrade, 2018). Dejan Ognjanović did the artwork for the short comic (16 pages) \"Transcendence\", adapted by Edward Lee and John Pelan from their own same-titled story. Published by \"Necro Publications\" in 2003, this edition also contains the original story and a gallery of four horror artworks by Ognjanović unrelated to the comic. It was published in 52 hardcover signed copies and 1000 soft cover copies. Ognjanović's two artworks were used as illustrations in the first issue of the US magazine Vastarien (2018). His artworks can also be seen on his blog \"The Cult of Ghoul\". Ognjanović writes on his Serbian blog \"The Cult of Ghoul\" (2009 – present) This blog mostly covers horror films, old and new, but also books, comics, events, etc. It has about 1000 daily visits, and had over 5,5 million visits since its inception in 2009. Ognjanović has also had a blog in English - \"The Temple of Ghoul\" (2010-2014), with a similar profile and slight bent towards Asian horror cinema. His most popular and widespread article was his (highly critical) review of Guillermo del Toro's script for At the Mountains of Madness. After four years he stopped writing for it due to lack of time. In Serbia, Ognjanović has been awarded several awards. He received an award for best literary criticism by the literary magazine Gradina (Niš) in 2004; an award for best literary essay by the literary magazine \"Ulaznica\" (Zrenjanin), 2005 and 2006, for best book-length theoretical work ('Svetozar Marković', Zaječar) in 2006. Ognjanović has also been a top contender (among top three) for the prestigious \"Nikola Milošević award\", for non-fiction book in Serbian, for his \"Poetics of Horror\" in 2015. For his articles on Lovecraft and Frankenstein from Rue Morgue magazine he was nominated for the \"Rondo Award\", twice (2016 and 2017). Both times, Ognjanović has got an \"honourable mention\" (top five). Dejan Ognjanović (author) Dejan Ognjanović (born January 30, 1973) is a contemporary Serbian horror author, literary critic, film critic, editor and" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Expired Expired is a 2007 comedy-drama film and the first writer-director credit for Cecilia Miniucchi, whose previous credits include the documentary on the work of artist Hermann Nitsch entitled \"Nitsch 1998\". It stars Samantha Morton, Jason Patric, Illeana Douglas and Teri Garr. The film was shown at several festivals over 2007 and 2008 but has not yet gone into general release in the US or Europe. Claire, a mild-mannered parking attendant, lives in a small flat with her mother who is recovering from a recent stroke. In the opening sequence she patrols the Los Angeles streets and stumbles into an old flame, who introduces Claire to his wife and ill-behaved daughter. Reeling from the chance encounter, she steps out onto the street and is hit by a passing vehicle. Returning to work three weeks later, Claire attracts the attention of another parking attendant, an extremely blunt and aggressive man named Jay whose home life consists mainly of entertaining himself using the services of a webcam porn site and phone service. Claire witnesses him fighting with her best friend, a neighbor working for a delivery service who parks on the curb to unload her consignment, but does not bring it up with either party. She develops a crush on Jay, but in each conversation Jay takes issue with some entirely innocuous comment Claire has made and storms off in disgust. Nonetheless, he keeps coming back for more. One night as Claire prepares to join him at the annual office Christmas party, she finds her mother slumped over—dead—in a bowl of mashed potato. In shock, she simply picks up her coat and leaves for the party. She sits alone, watching Jay dance with another woman, until finally Jay asks in brutal terms what is the matter. She takes him home to show him the problem. Claire decides that rather than call an ambulance she prefers to have the situation dealt with by family. She calls her mother's vain and self-obsessed sister, who lives in a different part of the city. Her aunt says it is too far to come at that hour of the night, but if she wants to, Claire can come pick up a necklace belonging to her mother. After calling an undertaker who takes the body of Claire's mother away, Jay insists on staying the night to \"take care\" of Claire, promising to sleep on the couch. But he goes to Claire's narrow bed and starts to remove her clothes. After a few seconds of brutal thrusting, during which he talks to her as if she were the phone sex service he uses so frequently, he rolls over and falls asleep. From that point on, Jay and Claire maintain a tenuous sort of relationship, hung mainly on Claire's optimism and Jay's desire for sex and attention. At work, Jay is suspended for his aggressive behavior with parking offenders, which has earned him an impressive complaints record. He watches a crafts documentary on carpentry and decides to make a love seat. Jay offers to drive Claire to her aunt's house in Pasadena to pick up her mother's necklace, lying to her over his disciplining at work. He drives her to the other side of the city, with her seated on the makeshift love seat in his parking attendant's vehicle. Her aunt insists that they all go out drinking; Jay and Claire end up in a hotel room. Jay gives Claire a tiny, pink PVC bikini and tells her she should lose weight, which Claire takes in stride, as she has previously with his other insinuations and outright insults. During her next shift, Claire is informed that she is being promoted for her exemplary behavior. To celebrate she goes to Jay's apartment but swiftly realizes that he was visited by a prostitute immediately before her arrival. She leaves in disgust. Jay goes to her apartment to apologize. Dressed in a more fashionable and confident style, she is outspokenly skeptical about his behavior, but submits when he pulls her to the floor for another round of uncomfortable sex. When it is over, Jay expresses that he has burgeoning feelings of commitment to Claire, but she asks him to leave. In the final scene, Claire once again walks her beat alone. Another vehicle nearly catches her at the site of her prior accident, but this time she escapes unscathed, and smiles in relief. In an interview with Cinema Without Border's Bijan Tehrani, Cecilia Miniucchi describes the event in Santa Monica that inspired the story for \"Expired\": I was walking by and witnessed a rather disturbing incident between a rough and impolite man and a gentle parking officer, a woman that was more scared than anything else. Then later, I was victim myself of one of those unwanted and unnecessary tickets, given to me by an angry parking officer, a man that was totally abusing his small authority. I thought to myself: I wonder what would happen if two of these parking officers, diametrically opposite in temperament, would meet and fall in love... I thought of this as a metaphor for life: the price any of us can, could and would pay for love The film received generally positive reviews from critics. As of June 20, 2008, the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 75% of critics gave the film positive reviews, based on 12 reviews. Metacritic reported the film had an average score of 65 out of 100, based on 6 reviews. Expired Expired is a 2007 comedy-drama film and the first writer-director credit for Cecilia Miniucchi, whose previous credits include the documentary on the work of artist Hermann Nitsch entitled \"Nitsch 1998\". It stars Samantha Morton, Jason Patric, Illeana Douglas and Teri Garr. The film was shown at several festivals over 2007 and 2008 but has not yet gone into general release in the US or Europe. Claire, a mild-mannered parking attendant, lives in a small flat with her mother who is recovering from a recent stroke. In the opening sequence she" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Joshua French Joshua Olav Daniel Hodne French (born 7 April 1982) is a British-Norwegian former security contractor. He was arrested in May 2009 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) along with Tjostolv Moland, and convicted of attempted murder, armed robbery, the formation of a criminal association and espionage for Norway, of which he and Moland were found guilty and sentenced to death. In 2014 he was also convicted of the murder of Moland. He was released in 2017 after serving 8 years of his sentence, and returned to Norway. The trial caused controversy in Norway and Europe, as many legal experts noted a lack of physical evidence, and \"a clear economic motive from the Congolese government\". Joshua French grew up in the municipality of Re in Norway's Vestfold county. His mother is Norwegian and his father is British. French has dual Norwegian and British citizenship. French served in the Norwegian Armed Forces until 2006 and was also trained as a paratrooper in the British Army. In 2006, he was admitted to the Telemark Battalion, the Norwegian Army's elite infantry unit, but was fired in 2007 when he and Moland were accused of having recruited military personnel into employment with private security companies. He has not had any military affiliation since 2007. After resigning from the army, French and Moland continued working in the private security sector, specializing in contracts in Africa. On 5 May 2009, their hired driver, 47-year-old Abedi Kasongo, was shot and killed near Bafwasende, Tshopo District, Orientale Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. French was arrested on May 9 in the Epulu game reserve, around from Kisangani. Moland was arrested two days later in the Ituri Province, a few hundred kilometres farther northeast. The men claimed that their driver was murdered by gunmen who waylaid them, and claimed they had escaped the site due to fear that the gunmen would return for them. On 8 September 2009, they were both found guilty and sentenced to death by a military tribunal in the regional capital, Kisangani. The DRC government considered the defendants to be active duty Norwegian soldiers, contradicting the Norwegian government's insistence that they had had no connection with Norway's military since 2007. French also claimed that an autopsy was not performed on the murder victim. In 2014 French was also convicted of the murder of Moland. The trial received massive media coverage in Norway, with several forensic and legal experts calling for the Norwegian government to interfere with what they considered a \"theatrical trial\" in an attempt to extort money from the government. French and Moland began serving their sentence in Kisingani in 2009. While they were sentenced to death the execution of prisoners is uncommon in Congo and the sentence was by many considered \"life in prison\" rather than death. In 2011, they were transferred from the prison in Kisigani to the Ndolo prison in Kinshasha . During a state visit to DRC in 2013 French President Francois Hollande suggested that French and Moland should be moved from their six-man prison cell. Five days later the two prisoners were transferred to a shared \"private\" cell. Britain's Foreign Ministry had requested intervention by Hollande, given French's status as a British national. Later the same year, Bård Vegar Solhjell (Norwegian Minister of the Environment), who was in DRC for talks on rain forest projects, discussed the prisoners with authorities hoping to push for a potential transfer to a prison in Norway. On 18 August 2013, Moland was found dead in his cell. French, who slept with ear-plugs, had noticed that Moland got out of bed. When Moland did not return from the adjoining bathroom French woke up and found his cellmate dead. The prison officials were notified at daybreak four hours later and opened up an investigation. DRC:s minister of communications, Lambert Mende Omalanga, said that \"we're trying to determine whether it was suicide or homicide. It looks like suicide but we're not sure\". Soon after Moland's death rumors in DRC suggested that French may have been involved in Moland's death. In response to this speculation, Norway sent a team of investigators from Kripos together with a forensic pathologist to Kinshasa. A DRC official, General Major Tim Mukuntu, said that \"we don't need the Norwegian investigators, but to show openness towards the Norwegians, we have said that it is ok that they come\" but that DRC will still lead the investigation. Norway's Foreign Ministry also posted a senior diplomat and press liaison officer to Kinshasa. French made a statement welcoming the arrival of the Norwegian investigation team. The DRC minister of justice, Wivine Mumba Matipa, said \"that she decided that Norwegian investigators had to participate during the investigation, so that speculation would stop.\" Matipa also wanted an observer from EU alongside the Norwegians. Following the death, Morten Furuholmen, former lawyer for the two prisoners, said that \"there should have been more activity from the highest levels of politics, including meeting in Congo. Norway's Foreign Ministry limited contacts with congolese authorities to short meetings during UN sessions in New York, together with one contact in Ethiopia. There haven't been meetings in Congo as far as I know\". In December 2013, Congolese authorities charged French with the murder of Moland by strangulation. According to the charges, French drugged Moland before the murder. The charges were met with surprise by Norwegian police and civil authorities. The Norwegian investigators had concluded that Moland had \"beyond doubt\" committed suicide. In May 2014, French was found guilty and given a second death sentence. During his incarceration, French's health declined drastically and he made several escape attempts to get medical treatment. January 2016, French fell seriously ill and was hospitalized. He returned to prison six months later. During this time, negotiations continued to win his release or a prison transfer to Norway. After serving eight years in DR Congo, French was released on 16 May 2017 and returned to Norway the next day. In the official statement, the release is attributed to \"health and family grounds\". The process of having him transferred to Norway had begun several weeks before, but was not made public until after the plane carrying French had landed on Norwegian soil. French has always claimed his innocence, and maintains that both he and Moland were wrongfully convicted. Upon his return to Norway, French was hospitalized and treated in isolation for infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria. He was released from hospital in August 2017, and is currently residing at a hidden location with family members. Congolese film director Djo Munga began working on a documentary film about French and Moland, originally slated for a 2014 release. Munga said that \"media has been one sided and unfair to Congo in their coverage of this case. So in this film I will start by showing who the Congolese are and what they care about\". As of October 2017, the film has not yet been released. A 2018 Norwegian film was released giving a dramatized account of the events. As of 2018, French is giving a series of talks about his experiences, and is also working on a book. . Joshua French Joshua Olav Daniel Hodne French (born 7 April 1982) is a" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Canterbury Road Canterbury Road is a road in North Oxford, England. It runs between Woodstock Road to the west and Banbury Road to the east. Winchester Road leads south from halfway along Canterbury Road, linking with Bevington Road that runs parallel to the south. Also to the south are North Parade and Church Walk. To the north is St Hugh's College, one of the former women's colleges of the University of Oxford (now mixed), fronting onto St Margaret's Road to the north and also stretching between Woodstock Road and Banbury Road. There are some modern ornamental iron gates opposite the junction with Winchester Road, giving access to the college grounds. The Orthodox Church of the Holy Trinity and the Annunciation, built in 1973, is at 1 Canterbury Road. The area was formerly part of the estate of St John's College, Oxford, and the road is named after the city of Canterbury in honour of the former Archbishops of Canterbury who were also Presidents of the College (William Laud and William Juxon). The road contains large expensive brick-built Gothic-style detached residences. They were designed by Frederick Codd in the 1870s and leased between 1873 and 1884. These houses have been described as \"Codd at his best\" by Pevsner. Canterbury Road Canterbury Road is a road in North Oxford, England. It runs between Woodstock Road to the west and Banbury Road to the east. Winchester Road leads south from halfway along Canterbury Road, linking with Bevington Road that runs parallel to the south. Also to the south are North Parade and Church Walk. To the north is St Hugh's College, one of the former women's colleges of the University of Oxford (now mixed), fronting onto St Margaret's Road to the north and also stretching between Woodstock Road and Banbury Road. There are" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Sana Bucha Sana Bucha () is a Pakistani journalist, war correspondent, news anchor and actress. Sana Bucha started her career from production and became the producer on Geo News for the first English language bulletin. Apart from this English language bulletin, she also did several talk shows. She discussed current affairs, Pakistani politics and relations with foreign countries in her shows. Sana Bucha was born in Multan,Punjab Pakistan. Her father was an airline Captain for Pakistan International Airlines. Bucha has two sisters, Nimra Bucha and Bisma Bucha. She studied at the Convent of Jesus and Mary and completed her A Levels at The Lyceum School in Karachi. Bucha started off as a production development associate and became the producer for the first English Language Bulletin on GEO News. Other than producing it, Bucha frequently hosted the show. After the English bulletin, Bucha hosted and produced the channel's first ever English Show News Day. She hosted and served as the executive director for the current affairs program \"Crisis Cell\" before switching over to the new program \"Laikin\". Bucha covers topics such as Pakistani politics and foreign relations, South Asia and Middle East affairs and American involvement in the region. In June 2012, Sana Bucha resigned from GEO News, allegedly over the hiring of Aamir Liaquat Hussain, who was also appointed as GEO's vice-president; but later rejoined. In November 2012, Bucha resigned from Geo again, allegedly over Aamir Liaquat hosting a show about child activist Malala Yousafzai, and joined Dunya News. Sana Bucha Sana Bucha () is a Pakistani journalist, war correspondent, news anchor and actress. Sana Bucha started her career from production and became the producer on Geo News for the first English language bulletin. Apart from this English language bulletin, she also did several talk shows. She discussed current affairs," ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Sarov Airport Sarov Airport (also called Mius Airfield; airport code XUDM/ЬУДМ) is an airport in Russia located in the town of Sarov, north of downtown, within the closed city area. It is a mixed use utilitarian airfield with an unusually wide runway for a small airfield of this type. The airport consists of Runway 01/19 (1920m, or 2500m including displaced thresholds) without taxiways, a small apron with an adjacent car park, and a small terminal/administration building located 200 meters away from the apron. Satellite imagery from Google Earth on 2018-04-15 show major runway work underway. An additional image from 2018-09-06 reveals the work is a completely resurfacing, with the prior overruns being included to bring the fully operational length to 2500 Meters. In addition, the image shows substantial work on the apron area, perhaps doubling the former surface area. This airport was used for experimental aircraft as well as for commercial and government flights to Moscow's Bykovo Airport. Light aircraft such as An-24 were operated on this route. Service was reduced from daily to three times a week before the route was ceased in 2005. There are currently no scheduled commercial flights to Sarov, previously codenamed Arzamas-16, as the town is in a restricted area which the general public cannot enter due to nuclear research facilities within the town. Sarov Airport Sarov Airport (also called Mius Airfield; airport code XUDM/ЬУДМ) is an airport in Russia located in the town of Sarov, north of downtown, within the closed city area. It is a mixed use utilitarian airfield with an unusually wide runway for a small airfield of this type. The airport consists of Runway 01/19 (1920m, or 2500m including displaced thresholds) without taxiways, a small apron with an adjacent car park, and a small terminal/administration building located 200 meters away from" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Cheer Perfection Cheer Perfection is an American reality television series that debuted on December 19, 2012, on TLC. TLC announced on February 6, 2013, that it ordered an eight episode second season, which premiered on August 28, 2013. Alisha Dunlap, Cassadee, R.D. Dunlap, Bonnie Crow, Alana, Ann Robinson, Torann and Robinson's husband Torey originally appeared on \"Toddlers & Tiaras\". Dunlap owns Perfection Studios, which appeared in episodes of \"Toddlers & Tiaras\". After Andrea Clevenger, who appeared on \"Cheer Perfection\", was arrested, TLC released a statement that the show had already been canceled and no repeats will be aired. \"Cheer Perfection\" follows a group of young cheerleaders at Cheer Time Revolution, located in Sherwood, Arkansas, as they endure the world of competitive cheerleading. David Hinckley of \"New York Daily News\" said the parents are not an endearing bunch. Brian Lowry of \"Variety\" said the show isn't original. Verne Gay of \"Newsday\" said the show is dull, trivial and never, ever outrageous. Melissa Camacho of \"Common Sense Media\" gave the show 2 stars out of 5. Cheer Perfection Cheer Perfection is an American reality television series that debuted on December 19, 2012, on TLC. TLC announced on February 6, 2013, that it" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Rajiv Gandhi National Quality Award The Rajiv Gandhi National Quality Award is the national quality award given by the Bureau of Indian Standards to Indian organisations that show excellence in their performance. It is named after Rajiv Gandhi, the former Prime Minister of India, and was introduced in 1991 after his death. The award aims to promote quality services to the consumers and to give special recognition to organisations that contribute significantly towards the quality movement of India. The award is presented annually as per the financial year, and is similar to other national quality awards worldwide like the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award of the United States, European Quality Award of the European Union and the Deming Prize of Japan. The award is presented to organisations in five broad categories: large scale manufacturing, small scale manufacturing, large scale service sector, small scale service sector and best overall. Furthermore, there are 14 commendation certificates for organisations showing excellence in various fields, including but not limited to biotechnology, chemicals, electronics, food and drugs, metallurgy, textiles, jewelry, education, finance, healthcare and information technology. Apart from the certificated and awards, the winner of Best of All gets a monetary prize of , while the other four awards carry a cash prize of . The commendation certificate carries a financial incentive of . Rajiv Gandhi National Quality Award The Rajiv Gandhi National Quality Award is the national quality award given by the Bureau of Indian Standards to Indian organisations that show excellence in their performance. It is named after Rajiv Gandhi, the former Prime Minister of India, and was introduced in 1991 after his death. The award aims to promote quality services to the consumers and to give special recognition to organisations that contribute significantly towards the quality movement of India. The award is" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Aqueduct of Vanvitelli The Aqueduct of Vanvitelli or Caroline Aqueduct is an aqueduct built to supply the Reggia di Caserta and the San Leucio complex, supplied by water arising at the foot of Taburno, from the springs of the Fizzo, in the territory of Bucciano (BN), which it carries along a winding 38 km route (mostly underground). Commissioned by Charles of Bourbon and designed by Luigi Vanvitelli (after whom it derives its two names), its construction began in March 1753 and concluded with its opening on 7 May 1762. Of particular architectural value is the perfectly preserved section in tufa bridging the Valle di Maddaloni between Monte Longano (to the east) and Monte Garzano (to the west) - this section was made a World Heritage Site in 1997 and (modelled on ancient Roman aqueducts) is made of three rows of arches, high at its highest point. Aqueduct of Vanvitelli The Aqueduct of Vanvitelli or Caroline Aqueduct is an aqueduct built to supply the Reggia di Caserta and the San Leucio complex, supplied by water arising at the foot of Taburno, from the springs of the Fizzo, in the territory of Bucciano (BN), which it carries along a winding 38 km" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "New Junction Canal The New Junction Canal is a canal in South Yorkshire, England. It is part of the Sheffield and South Yorkshire Navigation (S&SYN), although it was jointly funded by the Aire and Calder Navigation, and was opened in 1905. It links the River Don Navigation and the Stainforth and Keadby Canal with the Aire and Calder Navigation (Knottingley Canal). It is completely straight, and was the last canal built in England for commercial purposes. The canal has one lock, which was sized to allow the compartment boats of the Aire and Calder to use it, but the owning company failed to raise enough money to upgrade the River Don Navigation beyond, and Long Sandall lock prevented working of such boats through to Doncaster until it was rebuilt in 1959. There is still some commercial traffic on the canal, but most use is now by leisure boaters. One notable feature is the aqueduct over the River Don which is protected by large guillotine gates, which can be lowered when the Don is in spate, to prevent the surrounding countryside from being flooded. The New Junction Canal was conceived at a time when there was dissatisfaction with the state of the waterways in Sheffield and Doncaster, which were then under the ownership of the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway. Steam powered boats were still prohibited from using the waterways in 1888, even though they had been in use on the neighbouring Aire and Calder Navigation for over 50 years, and the railway company had set rates for using the canal considerably higher than those for using the railway. The President of the Sheffield Chamber of Commerce invited the engineer Charles Hawksley and B. P. Broomhead, an influential Sheffield solicitor, to a meeting of the Chamber on 16 August 1888, at which he outlined the situation. A committee was appointed, which met on 20 August, and decided that a new independent canal was needed to connect Sheffield, Rotherham and Doncaster to the sea, to maintain the profitability of the local coalfields. By October, a report had been produced, which suggested that the locks on the canal from Sheffield to Keadby were too small, and that the waterway could be greatly improved by building new locks besides the existing ones, capable of holding boats which could carry 300 or 500 tons. Believing that such locks could be built without disrupting traffic, the estimated costs of the works were £1 million, in addition to which the existing waterways would need to be acquired. The Sheffield and South Yorkshire Canal Company Ltd was registered on 15 November 1888, with the aim of obtaining an Act of Parliament to authorise this work. The Act was passed on 26 August 1889, which created the Sheffield and South Yorkshire Navigation Co., who had powers to raise £1.5 million, and to buy the four South Yorkshire canals, consisting of the Sheffield Canal, the River Don Navigation, the Stainforth and Keadby Canal and the Dearne and Dove Canal. They had nine months to negotiate with the railway owners, and could resort to compulsory purchase after that. In order to demonstrate their resolve, £20,000 had to be deposited within six months of the date of the Act. By this stage, the plan was to enlarge the waterways to enable 300 or 400 ton barges to navigate, but also to make the locks suitable for compartment boat trains, as used on the Aire and Calder. New facilities would be built at Keadby, where the canal joined the River Trent, so that coal could be trans-shipped to larger vessels. Negotiations with the railway company began, but they refused to co-operate, instead waiting nine months until the compulsory purchase option was possible, and then taking court action against the Canal company once the purchase order was served. The Canal company sought assistance from the Court of the Railway and Canal Commission, who ruled in their favour, and the railway company finally produced the details of their ownership in early 1891. The concept of using compartment boats led to discussions with the Aire and Calder Navigation Company, as a result of which it was decided to abandon the plan to develop Keadby, and instead use the existing port facilities at Goole. As the Sheffield and South Yorkshire Company had yet to take control of any canals, an agreement was negotiated, which would see the Aire and Calder obtaining an Act of Parliament to authorise construction of a straight canal from Bramwith on the River Don to a point some above Goole. The Act was obtained on 28 July 1891, and specified that the S&SYN could become joint owners and subscribers, once they had acquired the four waterways from the railway company. Transfer of the canals was finally agreed on 31 July 1894, at a cost to the canal company of £1.14 million, of which £600,000 was to be paid in cash. The company managed to raise £625,000 through the issue of preference shares, but the rest of the purchase price was held as ordinary shares by the railway company, who were then able to appoint five of the ten directors. As a consequence of continued railway involvement, the Aire and Calder did not invest in the new company, which took control of the four waterways on 1 March 1895. The Aire and Calder, meanwhile, had not started to build the New Junction Canal, but they had extended the time allowed to purchase land for its construction through another Act of Parliament. The new company struggled to raise the finance for the New Junction construction, and for improvements to the River Don Navigation, to allow larger boats to use it. The canal was completed on 2 January 1905, at a total cost of £300,000, shared between the Sheffield and South Yorkshire and the Aire and Calder companies. It was the last canal to be built in England for commercial purposes. The canal helped to increase traffic on the River Don from 835,982 tons to 961,774 tons between 1905 and 1913. Income from tolls over the same period rose from £48,981 to £53,586. Although the River Don was straightened at Doncaster in 1905 and at Sprotborough in 1907, traffic on the New Junction canal was hindered by the size of the locks on the river. Doncaster lock was extended in 1909 and 1910, but although trains of 17 compartment boats could then use both Sykehouse and Doncaster locks, they had to be split up at Long Sandall lock, which was between the two, as they could only pass through it three at a time. Traffic to Hatfield Main colliery was improved between 1930 and 1932, when Bramwith lock, the first on the Stainforth and Keady Canal, was lengthened to allow compartment boats from the New Junction to reach it. The work, which included a colliery lay-by, cost £20,000. Doncaster Corporation paid most of the cost of straightening the river there and building a wharf and warehouse, which opened in 1934. Further improvements had to wait until after the canals were nationalised in 1948. Long Sandall lock was lengthened and widened to in 1959, enabling compartment boats to work through to Doncaster and Hexthorpe without having to be split for the first time. Although traffic is much reduced, there is still some commercial activity on the canal. The canal is straight for its entire length, and the surrounding countryside is relatively flat. It has one lock, five swing or lift bridges and is carried across two aqueducts. At its northern end it crosses the River Went, while at its southern end it crosses the River Don. The River Don aqueduct looks precarious, as the canal regularly overflows the eastern side of the structure, and there only appears to be railings preventing the boats from falling down into the river below. Both ends of the aqueduct are protected by large guillotine gates, which are there to prevent the river overflowing the canal when it is in spate, and flooding the surrounding countryside. For the boater, the most notable feature is the complicated operation of Sykehouse Lock. The lock is automated but the control system is disabled until the manually", "and the surrounding countryside is relatively flat. It has one lock, five swing or lift bridges and is carried across two aqueducts. At its northern end it crosses the River Went, while at its southern end it crosses the River Don. The River Don aqueduct looks precarious, as the canal regularly overflows the eastern side of the structure, and there only appears to be railings preventing the boats from falling down into the river below. Both ends of the aqueduct are protected by large guillotine gates, which are there to prevent the river overflowing the canal when it is in spate, and flooding the surrounding countryside. For the boater, the most notable feature is the complicated operation of Sykehouse Lock. The lock is automated but the control system is disabled until the manually operated swing bridge over the top of it has been opened. The region through which the canal flows is sparsely populated, as there are no major towns, and just two main villages. The civil parish of Sykehouse, which includes a number of outlying settlements, straddles the northern end of the canal, and Kirk Bramwith is at the southern end. For much of its length, the towpath forms part of the route for the Trans Pennine Trail which joins it at Top Lane lift bridge, crosses to the east bank at Sykehouse lock, and leaves at Sykehouse lift bridge. New Junction Canal The New Junction Canal is a canal in South Yorkshire, England. It is part of the Sheffield and South Yorkshire Navigation (S&SYN), although it was jointly funded by the Aire and Calder Navigation, and was opened in 1905." ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Blue Gate Crossing Blue Gate Crossing () is a 2002 Taiwanese film by writer-director Yee Chin-yen. It was nominated for \"Best Asian Film\" at the 23rd Hong Kong Film Awards held in 2004. The film has been well-received critically. Dennis Lim, in a review for the \"Village Voice,\" observed the film's \"meticulous framing and haunting use of repeated motifs\" reflects the influence of Taiwanese New Wave directors Hou Hsiao-hsien and Edward Yang. The \"Portland Mercury\" described the film as \"a modern-day Chinese lesbo twist on the old \"Cyrano\" story\" that \"treads new territory in the teen coming of age drama realm,\" praising Yee's \"haiku-like directorial lyricism.\" Blue Gate Crossing Blue Gate Crossing () is a 2002 Taiwanese film by writer-director Yee Chin-yen. It was nominated for \"Best Asian Film\" at the 23rd Hong Kong Film Awards held in 2004. The film has been well-received critically. Dennis Lim, in a review for the \"Village Voice,\" observed the film's \"meticulous framing and haunting use of repeated motifs\" reflects the influence of Taiwanese New Wave directors Hou Hsiao-hsien and Edward Yang. The \"Portland Mercury\" described the film as \"a modern-day Chinese lesbo twist on the old \"Cyrano\" story\" that \"treads new territory in" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Ricardo Vaz Ricardo Álvares Guedes Vaz (born 26 November 1994) is a Portuguese footballer who plays for Spanish club CF Reus Deportiu as a right winger. Born in Alcabideche, Cascais, Vaz graduated from G.D. Estoril Praia's youth setup. He played his first match as a professional on 4 January 2014, coming on as a 63rd-minute substitute in a 5–1 away win against Leixões S.C. for the season's Taça de Portugal; in his maiden Primeira Liga appearance, on 1 March, he only needed six minutes on the pitch to score his first goal in the competition, converting a penalty kick in the late stages of an eventual 4–0 home defeat of S.C. Olhanense. On 27 January 2015, Vaz terminated his contract with Estoril and moved to Spain after agreeing to a five-year deal with Segunda División B side CF Reus Deportiu. He made 27 appearances in his first full season – playoffs included – scoring three times to help the club reach Segunda División for the first time in its 117-year history. Ricardo Vaz Ricardo Álvares Guedes Vaz (born 26 November 1994) is a Portuguese footballer who plays for Spanish club CF Reus Deportiu as a right winger. Born in Alcabideche," ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "1912 World Allround Speed Skating Championships The 1912 World Allround Speed Skating Championships took place at 17 and 18 February 1912 at the ice rink Gamle Frogner in Kristiania, Norway. Nikolay Strunnikov was defending champion but did not take part in these championships. Oscar Mathisen had the lowest amount of points awarded and won all four distances. He became World champion for the third time. He and Jaap Eden are the only ice-skaters winning the World championship three times (so far). Four distances have to be skated: The ranking was made by award ranking points. The points were awarded to the skaters who had skated all the distances. The final ranking was then decided by ordering the skaters by lowest point totals. One could win the World Championships also by winning at least three of the four distances, so the ranking could be affected by this. Silver and bronze medals were awarded. 1912 World Allround Speed Skating Championships The 1912 World Allround Speed Skating Championships took place at 17 and 18 February 1912 at the ice rink Gamle Frogner in Kristiania, Norway. Nikolay Strunnikov was defending champion but did not take part in these championships. Oscar Mathisen had the lowest" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Editorial Ivrea Editorial Ivrea is an Argentine manga and comics publisher that publishes in Argentina, Spain and Finland. They also published \"Lazer\", a magazine which was specialized in anime, comics, manga, series and other media. The magazine has an acid humor and has also organized parties in Argentina. On June 15, 2008, they started \"Lazer Royale\", in which they made Concourse for cosplayers, and \"Tokyo Weekend\" on July 27, 2008. Famous singers Nobuo Yamada and Ricardo Cruz also appeared during the event. During August 2009, Ivrea announced the end of \"Lazer\"s publication due to copyright issues with Shueisha and Shogakukan regarding the use of images in the magazine. \"Editorial Ivrea\" was founded in 1997 in Argentina, and since then, they have released several comics. Initially, they published manga volumes of 200 pages and others of 100 pages, which are half of the \"tankōbon\" format. Later, they started releasing manwhua and Argentinian comics, including \"EL NEGRO BLANCO\". The Spanish publisher specializes in comics focused on different ages and has also released South American and European books, as well as artbooks from manga series. Editorial Ivrea Editorial Ivrea is an Argentine manga and comics publisher that publishes in Argentina, Spain and Finland." ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Johann Friedrich Schulze Johann Friedrich Schulze (27 January 1793 – 9 January 1858) was a German organ builder, from a family of organ builders. The company built major organs in Northern Germany and England. Schulze was born in Milbitz, the only child of Johann Andreas Schulze (1753–1806) and his wife. In 1806, he joined his father's company, trained by in Stadtilm. He founded his own company in 1815 and moved its location in 1826 to Paulinzella. He was known as one of Europe's most famous organ builders. He and Eberhard Friedrich Walcker are regarded as leaders in productivity and progressivity in the trade. Schulze married Johanna Dorothea Sophia (née Kühn) from Oberrottenbach in 1820. They had a daughter and six sons, two of whom, Edmund Schulze and Eduard Schulze (1830–1880), also became organ builders. Among his students were , , and the brothers . He died in Paulinzella. His two sons took over the family business, named \"J. F. Schulzes Söhne\". They were assisted by their brother Oskar Schulze (1825–1878), and another brother, Herwart Schulze (1836–1908), who worked as a sculptor. In 1881, when all brothers had died, the company was dissolved. More than 100 organs by Johann Friedrich Schulze are known, including: Works by his sons included: Johann Friedrich Schulze Johann Friedrich Schulze (27 January 1793 – 9 January 1858) was a German organ builder, from a family of organ builders. The company built major organs in Northern Germany and England. Schulze was born in Milbitz, the only child of Johann Andreas Schulze (1753–1806) and his wife. In 1806, he joined his father's company, trained by in Stadtilm. He founded his own company in 1815 and moved its location in 1826 to Paulinzella. He was known as one of Europe's most famous organ builders. He and Eberhard Friedrich Walcker" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Tornadoes of 2005 This page documents the tornadoes and tornado outbreaks of 2005, primarily (but not entirely) in the United States. Most tornadoes form in the U.S., although some events may take place internationally, particularly in parts of neighboring southern Canada during the summer season. The first half of 2005 was fairly slow when it comes to tornadoes. There were no major outbreaks in the first half of 2005, which is rather unusual. The inactivity in what is normally the peak months can be related to a stable low-pressure system that blocked the parade of storms from moving eastward. The third quarter of 2005 was dominated by the tropics, and many of the tornadoes were related to the many hurricanes and tropical storms of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season. Several of the tornadoes were destructive. November was clearly the most active month for tornado activity in the US, with four significant - and completely separate - tornado events, as the wind pattern shifted and the warm tropical Gulf of Mexico added fuel to the fire when cold fronts passed southward, initiating the development of tornado outbreaks. December was much quieter as colder Arctic air became entrenched and the cold fronts became far less active. There were officially 1,265 tornadoes reported in the US in 2005. There were 33 tornadoes reported in the US in January. A total of 30 tornadoes were confirmed. Criciúma, in the state of Santa Catarina, was hit by two F1 tornadoes. Tornadoes struck two streets of the Great Santa Luzia and completely destroyed the houses, knocked down trees and walls. Small fires, originated from short circuits, also affected the city. Tornado Section needs expansion A small outbreak of tornadoes occurred over a two-day period from the 13th to the 14th. On the 13th, an F1 tornado touched down near Arlington, Georgia and carried a small double wide trailer 35 feet before impacting the ground and disintegrating. Of the five people inside, two were killed and three were injured. In South Carolina, an F2 struck Laurens, where homes, businesses, and a factory were damaged. A mobile home was destroyed and one person was injured. On the 14th, an F2 near Rockwell, North Carolina snapped trees, flattened a barn, and heavily damaged two metal industrial buildings. Overall, the outbreak produced 13 tornadoes and killed 2 people. A storm produced strong winds, severe hail, and an F1 tornado in the southern Manzini and Shiselweni regions of Swaziland. Thirty people were killed, though it is unknown how many of these deaths are directly attributable to the tornado. There were 10 tornadoes reported in the US in February. A total of 9 tornadoes were confirmed Two tornadoes hit near Sacramento, California; one in the Natomas neighborhood and one between Southport and Woodland. There were 163 tornadoes reported in the US in March. A two-day tornado outbreak took place in late March 2005. The outbreak began on the 21st, producing 15 weak (F0 to F1) tornadoes across Oklahoma, Texas, and Kansas. The tornado activity on the following day was more significant. The Storm Prediction Center's (SPC) Day 1 Outlook at 8 am EST, Tuesday morning, March 22 showed a slight risk for severe weather across much of the Southeast U.S. A moderate risk covered northern Mississippi, most of Alabama, and southwest Georgia. The atmosphere was very favorable for tornadic supercells. The warm front was north of Tallahassee in southern Georgia. The center of low pressure was back in eastern Oklahoma with a trailing cold front extending down through Louisiana into the Gulf of Mexico. A high-end F2 passed southeast of Pansey, Alabama, destroying two homes and three barns. Numerous trees and power lines were downed, and several mobile homes were damaged as well. Four people near Pansey were injured and transported to a hospital. Another F2 tornado touched down in Seminole County, Georgia northwest of Donalsonville and moved northeast, destroying seven mobile homes and damaging 17 others. Many trees and power lines were downed, and a woman was killed when the tornado demolished her mobile home. The Donalsonville tornado continued into Miller County, Georgia, where it reached F3 intensity before dissipating near Colquitt. The tornado damaged nearly 100 homes and destroyed 25 others along its path, and downed numerous trees and power lines. The tornado also destroyed several storage buildings, a welding shop, a farrowing house, and an implement shed. Several irrigation pivots were damaged or destroyed as well. Aside from the fatality, the Donalsonville/Colquitt tornado injured 18 people, two critically. Later that evening, an F2 tornado struck the town of Screven, Georgia, where 56 homes, 12 businesses, 2 public buildings, and a church were damaged or destroyed. Despite the severity of the damage, no serious injuries or fatalities occurred in Screven. Two weak tornadoes (rated F1 and F0) also struck the Memphis suburb of Olive Branch, Mississippi, resulting in moderate damage and one injury. Overall, the outbreak resulted in 26 tornadoes and one fatality. A large storm system inside a very moist and unstable airmass produced seven weak tornadoes in Mississippi and Louisiana. There were 132 tornadoes reported in the US in April and 137 tornadoes confirmed. A three-day tornado outbreak occurred in early April 2005. The outbreak began on the 5th, producing 15 weak tornadoes across Kansas, Oklahoma, and Louisiana. On the 6th, a significant outbreak of 23 tornadoes, some strong, occurred across the Southern United States. Mississippi sustained the most severe impacts. A large F3 passed near Monterey, Mississippi and destroyed or significantly damaged nearly 3 dozen homes, a dozen mobile homes, and caused 6 injuries. The tornado also damaged the new Brandon High School, which was under construction, and demolished several construction trailers as well. An F2 occurred in the Barto area and destroyed a church and a couple of mobile homes, damaged a number of houses and businesses, knocked down numerous trees, and injured two people. Further south, an F3 struck the town Mize. The top floor of the Attendance Center in Mize was almost completely taken off, and 3 portable classrooms were destroyed along with several large light poles bent or snapped. The tornado continued to the NE toward the Center Ridge community. The damage between Mize and Center Ridge, a distance of nearly 9 miles, ranged between F2 and F3. Along Providence Road, a barn was destroyed, and 2 homes were significantly damaged, along with a church. The Mize tornado then crossed State Highway 37. Here, many more trees were uprooted, along with several structures demolished or sustaining significant damage. The tornado then weakened and dissipated near Sylvarena, after injuring 8 people. Later that evening, a multiple-vortex F2 tornado developed off the Louisiana coast and moved ashore, striking Port Fourchon. The tornado caused damage to approximately 12 structures, including several port buildings and three businesses. A few buildings sustained significant damage. Two persons suffered minor injuries as well. Several hundred vehicles were damaged either by flying debris, or had windows blown out. Approximately one mile of power lines were downed along Louisiana Highway 3090. Only one tornado touched down on the final day of the outbreak, an F1 that caused moderate damage in Ocala, Florida and injured 3 people. Overall, the outbreak produced 39 tornadoes and resulted in 14 injuries. There were 123 tornadoes reported in the US in May. A small outbreak of nine tornadoes occurred in Texas. The majority of the tornadoes were rated F0, however, three of them were significant. An F2 tornado struck the town of South Plains, destroying vehicles and power poles. Two strong tornadoes, an F2 and an F3, struck the town of Ralls about 2.5 hours later, causing almost $800,000 in damage. A violent F3 multi-vortex tornado struck Indaiatuba, in São Paulo. The", "debris, or had windows blown out. Approximately one mile of power lines were downed along Louisiana Highway 3090. Only one tornado touched down on the final day of the outbreak, an F1 that caused moderate damage in Ocala, Florida and injured 3 people. Overall, the outbreak produced 39 tornadoes and resulted in 14 injuries. There were 123 tornadoes reported in the US in May. A small outbreak of nine tornadoes occurred in Texas. The majority of the tornadoes were rated F0, however, three of them were significant. An F2 tornado struck the town of South Plains, destroying vehicles and power poles. Two strong tornadoes, an F2 and an F3, struck the town of Ralls about 2.5 hours later, causing almost $800,000 in damage. A violent F3 multi-vortex tornado struck Indaiatuba, in São Paulo. The tornado caused damage estimated at R$ 97.2 million (BRL), which caused the government to declare a state of public calamity. This was the first multi-vortex tornado to be registered in the Southern Hemisphere and the first violent to be recorded through images. There were 316 tornadoes reported in the US in June. The South Dakota supercell and tornado was very destructive. There were 138 tornadoes reported in the US in July, many of which were attributed to the unusually active 2005 Atlantic Hurricane Season. There were 123 tornadoes reported in the US in August. On August 12, an F2 tornado in Wright, Wyoming killed two and injured 13. A series of thunderstorms on the afternoon of August 19, 2005, spawned tornadoes damaging homes in the Conestoga Lake and Fergus areas in Southern Ontario, Canada. The storms morphed into heavy rain cells when reaching Toronto. The Insurance Bureau of Canada has estimated that insured losses where the highest in the province's history, exceeding $500 million canadian dollars, two and a half times Ontario's losses during 1998 ice storm and the second largest loss event in Canadian history. There were 133 tornadoes reported in the US in September. There were 18 tornadoes reported in the US in October. There were 150 tornadoes reported in the US in November. There were 19 tornadoes reported in the US in December. Tornadoes of 2005 This page documents the tornadoes and tornado outbreaks of 2005, primarily (but not entirely) in the United States. Most tornadoes form in the U.S., although some events may take place internationally, particularly in parts of neighboring southern Canada during the summer season. The first half of 2005 was fairly slow when it comes to tornadoes. There were no major outbreaks in the first half of 2005, which is rather unusual. The inactivity in what is normally the peak months can be related to a stable low-pressure" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Sutradhar (film) Sutradhar (Hindi: सूत्रधार) translation: \"Impresario\") is a 1987 Indian colour drama film. It is a feature film directed by Chandrakant Joshi starring Smita Patil, Girish Karnad and Nana Patekar in the lead roles. This film is dedicated to the memory of Smita Patil, who died before the film was released. A cruel Zamindar, the local landlord, commits atrocities on the villagers. Young Kumar watches helplessly, his father being beaten-up by his goons at his behest. He grows up to become a teacher. Prerna, the only daughter of the school headmaster, comes back after studying in Calcutta to meet Kumar, her childhood friend. She admires his courage and determination to standup against the Zamindar. She joins Kumar in his efforts to bring together youngsters to form an organization for the welfare of village. Soon both get married. Kumar successfully contests the election to become the new head. Prerna notices that Kumar is fast becoming the man he hated the most. Sutradhar (film) Sutradhar (Hindi: सूत्रधार) translation: \"Impresario\") is a 1987 Indian colour drama film. It is a feature film directed by Chandrakant Joshi starring Smita Patil, Girish Karnad and Nana Patekar in the lead roles. This film is dedicated" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Dick Cross Wildlife Management Area Dick Cross Wildlife Management Area is a Wildlife Management Area in Mecklenburg County, Virginia. Formerly known as the Elm Hill Wildlife Management Area, it sits on the north side of the Roanoke River just below the John H. Kerr Dam. The terrain is gently rolling and fairly low, between above sea level, and is typified by open fields maintained for the benefit of wildlife. Much of the land was once used to support the farming of cattle, and some evidence of this remains. Close to of broad flood plain has been preserved along the river and along Allen Creek, which forms the area's eastern boundary before joining the Roanoke River. Around of the area includes impounded wetlands specifically managed for waterfowl. Dick Cross Wildlife Management Area is owned and maintained by the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries. The area is open to the public for hunting, trapping, fishing, hiking, horseback riding, and primitive camping. Bird dog field trials are held at the property, which includes a number of kennels for that use. An observation tower near the area's wetlands provides opportunities to observe wildlife, including bald eagles that are known to overwinter in the area. Access for persons 17 years of age or older requires a valid hunting or fishing permit, or a WMA access permit. Dick Cross Wildlife Management Area Dick Cross Wildlife Management Area is a Wildlife Management Area in Mecklenburg County, Virginia. Formerly known as the Elm Hill Wildlife Management Area, it sits on the north side of the Roanoke River just below the John H. Kerr Dam. The terrain is gently rolling and fairly low, between above sea level, and is typified by open fields maintained for the benefit of wildlife. Much of the land was once used to" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Bruce Springsteen & The E Street Band: Live in New York City Bruce Springsteen & the E Street Band: Live In New York City is the name of a concert film done by HBO, featuring the first ever major televised Bruce Springsteen concert. It was later released on DVD with eleven extra songs not televised, and as a CD of the same name. All of these forms document Springsteen and the E Street Band's highly successful 1999-2000 Reunion Tour, their first concert tour together in eleven years. Running 90 minutes, the film was recorded at concerts on June 29 and July 1, 2000. These were the final two shows in the Band's ten-show tour-ending run at Madison Square Garden in New York City. HBO received six Emmy Award nominations (including \"Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Special\") and won two Awards for the film. \"Born to Run\" was a late addition to the special. As a result of this, there is a crossfade into and out of the song on the film and DVD and there is a complete fade-out before it on the CD. Also, its placement on the CD (at the end of the first disc, before \"Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out\") was a result of this late decision. It is not listed as a track on the back of some pressings of the CD, but is on all pressings of the DVD. Springsteen debuted many new songs over the final leg of the tour, and two were included on this special: Also, many songs on the tour were performed with significant differences from their recorded versions. The songs on this special like that were: Contains the entire HBO special, plus credits, a photo gallery, and \"New York City Serenade\", a 15-minute documentary about the concerts. Contains the following previously unseen performances: In audio only, under the end credits: Again, some of the songs were performed with significant alterations from their recorded versions. Also noteworthy is that this performance of \"Lost in the Flood\" was the first performance of that song since 1978. Released on March 27, 2001, the album reached #5 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and #1 on the \"Billboard\" Internet Album Charts. The album was later re-released on SACD with a 5.1-surround multichannel mix; the SACD running order is identical to that of the CD release. Bruce Springsteen & The E Street Band: Live in New York City Bruce" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Maximilian Hofmann Maximilian Hofmann (born 7 August 1993) is an Austrian footballer who currently plays for Rapid Wien. Hofmann began his youth career with local side SV Wienerberg before joining Rapid Wien in 2003. He advanced through the club's youth system and made his debut for the second team in a 5-0 win against SC Ritzing in Regional League East on 7 October 2011. He made his first-team debut as a late substitute in a 3-0 win against SV Ried on 26 May 2013. Hofmann's first league start, and third competitive appearance, for Rapid Wien saw him give away a penalty and receive a red card within the first 90 seconds of a 4-2 win against SK Sturm Graz on 4 August 2013. Maximilian Hofmann Maximilian Hofmann (born 7 August 1993) is an Austrian footballer who currently plays for Rapid Wien. Hofmann began his youth career with local side SV Wienerberg before joining Rapid Wien in 2003. He advanced through the club's youth system and made his debut for the second team in a 5-0 win against SC Ritzing in Regional League East on 7 October 2011. He made his first-team debut as a late substitute in a 3-0 win" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Public Affairs (political party) Public Affairs (, VV, nicknamed \"véčkaři\") was a conservative liberal political party in the Czech Republic. Its main platform was transparency and opposition to political corruption. It had 24 seats in the 2010-2013 Chamber of Deputies. The party was led by anti-establishment investigative journalist and writer Radek John, and later by Jiří Kohout. Besides opposing corruption, the party was fiscally conservative. It had a number of right-wing populist policies, without opposing immigrants, but a proportion of its small membership was closer to the centre-left. The party was supportive of direct democracy – the members of the party could change the course of the party by Internet referendums – and was pro-European Union. Founded in 2001, the party focused on local politics in Prague, particularly Prague 1, for most of its existence. In June 2009, Radek John was recruited as its chairman, and it emerged in late 2009 as a contender in the 2010 election, polling above the 5% threshold to win seats, and occasionally above KDU-ČSL and the Green Party. John competed with Karel Schwarzenberg for the title of the country's most popular politician. In the election, VV received 10.9% of the vote, easily surpassing the 5% threshold, and won 24 seats. The party entered into a governing coalition with the country's two other centre-right parties: the Civic Democratic Party (ODS) and TOP 09. In April 2011, Vít Bárta, Czech Minister of Transport, was accused of bribery by his party colleagues, deputies Jaroslav Škárka, Stanislav Huml, and Kristýna Kočí, who were subsequently expelled from the party. The incident caused serious problems in the Czech government coalition. A lawsuit involving several members and deputies of the party began to be debated in court on 5 March 2012. Vít Bárta was accused by the State Prosecution of bribery and Jaroslav Škárka of receiving a bribe.. After Nečas's government collapsed, some members of Public Affairs split to form another party, LIDEM, hoping to continue their coalition with ODS and TOP 09, with Miroslava Němcová as Prime Minister. However, President Miloš Zeman refused and instead appointed Jiří Rusnok a caretaker Prime Minister. When this cabinet failed to win a confidence vote in the Chamber, the opposition called for dissolution of the Chamber and early elections. The remaining Public Affairs deputies voted in favour, and the motion of dissolution was passed with 143 out of 200 votes. On 3 September 2013, Bárta announced that Public Affairs would not be standing in the October 2013 legislative election, leading to a split in the party's leadership. Some party members were later elected as candidates of Dawn of Direct Democracy. In August 2015, the party announced its dissolution, with chairman Jiří Kohout stating that the party no longer had enough money to operate. Public Affairs (political party) Public Affairs (, VV, nicknamed \"véčkaři\") was a conservative liberal political party in the Czech Republic. Its main platform was transparency and opposition to political corruption. It had 24 seats in the 2010-2013 Chamber of Deputies. The" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Abdul Hafeez Pirzada Abdul Hafeez Pirzada (; 24 February 1935 – 1 September 2015) was a Pakistani lawyer, legal theorist, and politician, who served variously as Minister for Information, Minister for Law, Minister for Finance, and Minister for Education under President and later Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto from 1971 to 1977. As Law Minister, he is credited as a principal draftsman of the Constitution of Pakistan, passed in 1973. Trained as a barrister at Lincoln's Inn, Pirzada was a founding member of the Pakistan People's Party. He was elected to the National Assembly in the elections of 1970, holding several ministerial portfolios in the Bhutto government. After the government was deposed by General Zia-ul-Haq in 1977, Pirzada unsuccessfully assisted with Bhutto's defence in his criminal trial for murder. He briefly led the PPP before being imprisoned by the Zia regime, eventually leaving the party over differences with Benazir Bhutto, and retiring from politics. Returning to private practice, Pirzada rose to Senior Advocate of the Supreme Court, becoming one of the country's leading lawyers. He died of medical complications in Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, on 1 September 2015. He is cited as the 'Father of the Pakistani Constitution'. Born in Sukkur, Sindh, British India, Abdul Hafeez Pirzada belonged to a prominent Sindhi family, the son of former Chief Minister of Sindh Pirzada Abdus Sattar. His family remains active in politics: his brother Abdul Mujeeb is a member of the Pakistan Muslim League (F). Pirzada obtained his LLB degree from Karachi University, before gaining his LLM from Sindh University. He was also awarded an MSc. in Political Science from the university, after focusing his thesis on the Soviet Union and the rise of communism. He then trained as a barrister at Lincoln's Inn in London, as his father and grandfather had. Pirzada began his legal career at the Sindh High Court, known then as the West Pakistan High Court. He first met fellow lawyer Zulfikar Ali Bhutto when both were associates at Dingomal Ramchandani's law chambers in Karachi. Pirzada was one of 30 members that co-founded the Pakistan People's Party on 30 November 1967, led by Bhutto. As Bhutto's legal counsel in cases instituted by the military regime of Ayub Khan, Pirzada successfully defended the cases, and rose to play a greater role in the party. In the general elections of 1970, Pirzada was elected a Member of the National Assembly from Malir, polling 64,000 votes. After Bhutto was handed the presidency in 1971, he sacked incumbent Minister for Information Roedad Khan, appointing Pirzada instead. Pirzada also gained the Ministry of Education a year later. In 1973, Pirzada assumed the control of the Ministry of Law and Justice, after Mahmud Ali Kasuri resigned from the post over differences with Bhutto. Pirzada played an integral role in the drafting, and ultimate passing of the Constitution of 1973. In 1977, Pirzada was made Finance Minister. Elected an MNA again in 1977, Pirzada was a key member of the three-member government team that negotiated, unsuccessfully, a deal with the PNA opposition grouping. During that time, he was the Finance Minister of Pakistan for a little over three months, before the PPP-led government was overthrown by military coup by (see \"Fair Play\") General Zia-ul-Haq, then-Chief of Army Staff. On 17 September 1977, Pirzada, along with Dr. Hassan and Bhutto, was arrested by the Military Police, but was released in 1978. Upon his release, Pirzada filed a petition in the Supreme Court requesting to review the petition. He then also filed a petition for the release of Dr. Mubashir Hassan but the petition was denied as the Military Police were holding Dr. Hassan on unknown criminal charges. On 24 February, the Supreme Court denied the request of review, and so the court upheld its original decision. Pirzada then attempted to attain a commutation of Bhutto's sentence on the basis of split decision. This time, the Court decided to hear the arguments. On 28 February, the Army banned all the college text books of Dr. Hassan and forcefully lifted the books from major bookstores. On 12 March, the Supreme Court started to review the petition, and did so for the next 12 days. On 24 March, Pirzada informed Bhutto in jail that the President of Pakistan was able to change a death sentence into one of life imprisonment. Undaunted, Pirzada filed a petition to President General Zia-ul-Haq, who was serving at the time as Chief Martial Law Administrator. Pirzada asked the President to use \"Section 45 of the Constitution\", to commute the sentence to one of life imprisonment. However, General Zia-ul-Haq denied the application, saying the application had gone missing. Pirzada immediately went to meet Bhutto in his cell where he notified Bhutto about the application's status. After that, Pirzada held a press conference and told the media that Bhutto was prepared for death and would not file another application for mercy. On 1 October 1982, Pirzada was arrested for demonstrating against Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization, where he also demanded the citizen basic rights. Following the ouster of the PPP Government and the imposition of martial law by General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, Pirzada developed differences with Nusrat and Benazir Bhutto. During the military rule in Pakistan he remained in exile in the United Kingdom. On his return to Pakistan in the late 1980s, Pirzada withdrew from active politics and fully concentrated on his legal career. Pirzada was one of the most successful advocates in Pakistan. On September 1, 2015, Pirzada died in Royal Berkshire Hospital in Reading, United Kingdom. He was buried in Sukkur, the Pirzada family's ancestral homeland. Abdul Hafeez Pirzada Abdul Hafeez Pirzada (; 24 February 1935 – 1 September 2015) was a Pakistani lawyer, legal theorist, and politician, who served variously as Minister for Information, Minister for Law, Minister for Finance, and Minister for Education under President and later Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto from 1971 to 1977. As Law Minister, he is credited as a principal draftsman of the Constitution of Pakistan, passed in 1973. Trained" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Don (2007 film) \"This article is about the 2007 telugu film. For the 2006 Hindi film, see Don.\" Don is a 2007 Telugu action film produced by M.L. Kumar Chowdary on Sri Keerthi Creations banner and directed by Raghava Lawrence, starring Akkineni Nagarjuna and Anushka Shetty in the lead roles. Raghava Lawrence made his debut as music director for the film. \"Don\" released on 20 December 2007. The film was recorded as a \"Super Hit\" at the box office. It was dubbed into Malayalam on release as \"Bhai\" and dubbed into Hindi as \"Don No. 1\". The film was remade in Bangladesh as \"Don Number One\" and into Odia as \"Don\" starring Anubhab Mohanty. The story begins when a teen named Suri escapes and finds a drug dealer tormenting some little boys. Suri guns down the drug dealer. One of the boys, Raghava/Jadhav, expresses his wish to join him. The rest of the boys become Suri's helpers and eventually his henchmen. The film continues 20 years later with Suri (Akkineni Nagarjuna) and Raghava/Jadhav (Raghava Lawrence), and with the establishment of the fact that Suri is the don with a golden heart. Then, he has Raghava/Jadhav as his sidekick who adores him to death. Together, they rule the underworld of Andhra Pradesh. Since Suri is the unopposed kingpin, he has time for a song and dance on his birthday with his basti people. Everything is peaceful and hunky dory, but only until Stephen/Feroz (Kelly Dorji) enters the scene. He is a feared don throughout India who wants to add Andhra to his underworld fiefdom. Suri refuses to work with Stephen/Feroz. In many attempts to kill Suri, Stephen's/Feroz's men get killed. Rathnam (Kota Srinivasa Rao) wants to kill Raghava/Jadhav. Raghava/Jadhav kills Rathnam because the latter hosted a hideout for Stephen's/Feroz's men in Hyderabad. Meanwhile, Suri falls in love with Priya (Anushka Shetty). At first, she doesn't like him but later begins to like him. Raghava/Jadhav also finds a girl he likes. In that process, he is cornered, where his fiancé Nandhini (Nikita Thukral) ends up being on the villains side. Raghava/Jadhav is killed. In a final meet between Suri and Stephen/Feroz, the latter returns Raghava's/Jadhav's bullet-ridden body and challenges Suri to a fight on the condition that 'A person will lose two of his men for each fall he takes'. Angered and heartbroken by Raghava's/Jadhav's death, Suri accepts his challenge. As the fight progresses, Suri loses two of his men. Determined to win, Suri continues the fight and thrashes up Stephen/Feroz and his two well-trained women bodyguards. The fight ends with Stephen/Feroz getting killed by Suri, and he warns Stephen's/Feroz's remaining men not to be like their boss. The music was composed by Raghava Lawrence. Music released on ADITYA Music Company. Don (2007 film) \"This article is about the 2007 telugu film. For the 2006 Hindi film, see Don.\" Don is a 2007 Telugu action film produced by M.L. Kumar Chowdary on Sri Keerthi Creations banner and directed by Raghava Lawrence, starring" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Nacho (footballer, born 1989) José Ignacio Martínez García (born 7 March 1989), commonly known as Nacho, is a Spanish footballer who plays for Real Valladolid as a left back. Born in Madrid, Nacho played lower league and amateur football in his first three years as a senior, representing Fútbol Alcobendas Sport, CA Osasuna B and Getafe CF B. In summer 2012 he signed with another club from Segunda División B, Rayo Vallecano's reserves. Nacho made his official debut with Rayo's first team on 31 October 2012, playing the full 90 minutes in a 0–1 away loss against UD Las Palmas for the season's Copa del Rey. He first appeared in La Liga on 24 November (again as a starter), in a 2–0 home win over RCD Mallorca. Nacho scored his first goal as a professional on 20 December 2012, netting from 30 metres for his team's second in a 3–0 league success against Levante UD. On 31 May 2013, after contributing with ten games to his team's top flight permanence, he was definitely promoted to the main squad, with a contract running until June 2015. On 6 July 2017, after five full seasons with Rayo, Nacho signed a two-year contract with Real Valladolid in Segunda División. Nacho (footballer, born 1989) José Ignacio Martínez García (born 7 March 1989), commonly known as Nacho, is a Spanish footballer who plays for Real Valladolid as a left back. Born in Madrid, Nacho played lower league and amateur football in his first three years as a senior, representing Fútbol Alcobendas Sport, CA Osasuna B and Getafe CF B. In summer 2012 he signed with another club from Segunda División B, Rayo Vallecano's reserves. Nacho made his official debut with Rayo's first team on 31 October 2012, playing the full 90 minutes in a 0–1" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Eiler Hagerup Krog Prytz Jr. Eiler Hagerup Krog Prytz (11 March 1883 – 3 August 1963) was a Norwegian goldsmith. He was born in Kristiania a son of dean Anton Fredrik Winter Jakhelln Prytz (1853–1937). He was a nephew of goldsmith and architect Torolf Prytz, brother of Fascist politician Frederik Prytz, uncle of writer Carl Frederik Prytz and first cousin of goldsmith Jakob Tostrup Prytz. He graduated with the cand.jur. degree in 1907, but made his mark as a co-owner of the goldsmith company \"J. Tostrup\", which was taken over by his uncle in 1890 and turned into a leading company in its field. Eiler Prytz also chaired the trade union \"Norges Gullsmedforbund\", of which his uncle was a co-founder, from 1921 to 1932. Eiler Hagerup Krog Prytz Jr. Eiler Hagerup Krog Prytz (11 March 1883 – 3 August 1963) was a Norwegian goldsmith. He was born in Kristiania a son of dean Anton Fredrik Winter Jakhelln Prytz (1853–1937). He was a nephew of goldsmith and architect Torolf Prytz, brother of Fascist politician Frederik Prytz, uncle of writer Carl Frederik Prytz and first cousin of goldsmith Jakob Tostrup Prytz. He graduated with the cand.jur. degree in 1907, but made his" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "FIS Ski Flying World Championships 2008 The FIS Ski Flying World Ski Championships 2008 took place on 21–24 February 2008 in Oberstdorf, Germany for the record tying fifth time, matching that of Planica, Slovenia. Oberstdorf hosted the championships previously in 1973, 1981, 1988, and 1998. For the first time, both events were held in the evening. Finland's Janne Ahonen won his record seventh medal though none of them have been gold with five silvers and two bronzes. 22–23 February 2008. Koch had the longest jump of the competition with a 221.0 m second round jump. Norway's Bjørn Einar Romøren led after the first two rounds, but had a poor third round jump to fall to third, allowing Koch to take the lead. Schlierenzauer, who had the second-best jump in each of the previous three rounds, had the longest jump in the final round to win the championships for the first time. Two-time defending champion Roar Ljøkelsøy of Norway finished 32nd after being eliminated in the first round. 24 February 2008. Schlierenzauer had the longest jump of the competition with his 217.0 m second round jump. Finland earned their third straight silver medal in this event. FIS Ski Flying World Championships" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "ACY1 Aminoacylase-1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the \"ACY1\" gene. Aminoacylase-1 is a cytosolic, homodimeric, zinc-binding enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of acylated L-amino acids to L-amino acids and acyl group, and has been postulated to function in the catabolism and salvage of acylated amino acids. ACY1 has been assigned to chromosome 3p21.1, a region reduced to homozygosity in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), and its expression has been reported to be reduced or undetectable in SCLC cell lines and tumors. The amino acid sequence of human aminoacylase-1 is highly homologous to the porcine counterpart, and ACY1 is the first member of a new family of zinc-binding enzymes. ACY1 Aminoacylase-1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the \"ACY1\" gene. Aminoacylase-1 is a cytosolic, homodimeric, zinc-binding enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of acylated L-amino acids to L-amino acids and acyl group, and has been postulated to function in the catabolism and salvage of acylated amino acids. ACY1 has been assigned to chromosome 3p21.1, a region reduced to homozygosity in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), and its expression has been reported to be reduced or undetectable in SCLC cell lines and tumors. The amino acid sequence of" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Thomas Magladery Thomas Magladery (December 14, 1875 – October 29, 1954) was a merchant and political figure in Ontario. He represented Timiskaming in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1914 to 1923 as a Conservative member. The son of Thomas Magladery and Jessie Rennie, he was born in Parkhill, Middlesex County. Magladery served in the Canadian infantry during World War I, reaching the rank of captain. In 1910, he married Lillian Howson. Magladery was named Deputy Minister of Immigration in 1934. He died in New Liskeard, October 29, 1954, and was buried at the Pioneer Cemetery at that same city. Thomas Magladery Thomas Magladery (December 14, 1875 – October 29, 1954) was a merchant and political figure in Ontario. He represented Timiskaming in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1914 to 1923 as a Conservative member. The son of Thomas Magladery and Jessie Rennie, he was born in Parkhill, Middlesex County. Magladery served in the Canadian infantry during World War I, reaching the rank of captain. In 1910, he married Lillian Howson. Magladery was named Deputy Minister of Immigration in 1934. He died in New Liskeard, October 29, 1954, and was buried at the Pioneer Cemetery at that same city." ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Cubby Bryant Paul \"Cubby\" Bryant (born June 1, 1971) is a radio personality, currently working as the morning host at 103.5 WKTU in New York City From 2006-2008 Cubby served as the co-host and sidekick to Whoopi Goldberg on the nationally syndicated morning show Wake Up With Whoopi. Before joining Whoopi Goldberg as co-host of the morning show, Bryant was at crosstown sister station WHTZ serving as their Afternoon Drive Disc Jockey and Music Director. Bryant began his radio career in his hometown of Virginia Beach, VA at WGH-FM (97 Star) in 1988, there was where he inherited his current radio name Cubby (a name given to him by WGH DJ's Tony Macrini and Jeff Moreau) for being so young (at the time 16) and in radio. It was a take off of Alabama football coach Paul \"Bear\" Bryant (no relation). Then, Bryant joined 104.1 KRBE in Houston, TX as Night Host and Music Director from 1990-1996. In 1996, Bryant began his tenure at WHTZ (Z100) in New York City as Afternoon Drive Host and Music Director. In 2000, Bryant went around the world with the group Backstreet Boys to promote the release of Black & Blue, the boys traveled around the world in 100 hours to Sweden, Japan, Australia, South Africa, Brazil, and the US; 55 of the hours were spent traveling and 45 were spent making public appearances. In mid-2006, Bryant announced he would be leaving WHTZ after a ten-year run with the station to co-host \"Wake Up With Whoopi\". WKTU cancelled \"Wake Up With Whoopi\" in November 2007. In January 2008, Bryant left \"Wake Up With Whoopi\", still airing in syndication in a few markets, to return to WKTU, this time as the station's solo morning host. Bryant is a resident of East Brunswick, NJ after moving from New York, NY. He was born and raised in Virginia Beach, Virginia. In November 2001, Bryant appeared on \"Hollywood Squares\" as a contestant on \"Radio DJ Week\". He went to the bonus round but eventually lost. Bryant did however win $12,500 for the charity Musicians On Call. Bryant is featured in the video for \"Walk Away\" by Kelly Clarkson. He is the DJ heard introducing the song over the radio at the beginning of the video. You can get a very quick glimpse of Bryant during the closing credits of the 2000 movie \"Longshot\". Bryant played a stock reporter in footage that never made the final cut of the movie. To show their gratitude, the directors at least got a little of what took Bryant over 4 hours to tape into the end of the flick. Bryant was seen on HBO's \"NSync - Live at Madison Square Garden\" in 2001. Bryant serves as fill-in host for Kid Kelly on his syndicated music program \"Backtrax USA\" Bryant's voice is featured in the basketball video game \"And 1\" for PlayStation 2 and Xbox. Bryant made a brief appearance on the season premiere of \"American Idol\" (Season 12) on January 16, 2013. Cubby Bryant Paul \"Cubby\" Bryant (born June 1, 1971) is a radio personality, currently working as the morning host at 103.5 WKTU in New York City From 2006-2008 Cubby served as the co-host and sidekick to Whoopi Goldberg on the nationally syndicated morning show Wake Up With Whoopi. Before joining Whoopi Goldberg as co-host of the morning show, Bryant was at crosstown sister station WHTZ serving as their Afternoon Drive Disc Jockey and Music Director. Bryant began his radio career in his hometown of Virginia Beach, VA at WGH-FM (97 Star) in 1988, there was where he inherited his current" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Esher Report The Esher Report of 1904, chaired by Lord Esher, recommended radical reform of the British Army, such as the creation of an Army Council, General Staff and Chief of the General Staff and the abolition of the Commander-in-Chief of the Forces. The change to the character of the Army has endured. The Second Boer War of 1899-1902 exposed weakness and inefficiency in the British Army and demonstrated how isolated Britain was from the rest of the world. The war had been won only by leaving Britain defenceless on land. In 1900, Imperial Germany began to build a battlefleet and industrial growth had already made it overtake Britain's economic lead in Europe. The Elgin Commission had already advocated some changes in administration. Under Hugh Oakeley Arnold-Forster at the War Office the Report of the War Office (Reconstitution) Committee was set up to look into reform of the Army. It was chaired by Lord Esher, who had been a member of the Elgin Commission, as had two other members; Admiral Sir John Fisher (former Second Sea Lord and Navy reformer), and Colonel Sir George Clarke. The Esher Report was published, successively, in February and March 1904. The Committee took evidence in private and its Report was in three parts. It analysed the complex arrangements and inefficiencies of the Army administration and made three main recommendations: That rationalisation was recommended by the Report to be implemented throughout the Army. The Report also claimed that policy and administration had become too centralised in the War Office, to the detriment of initiative. Administrative districts were recommended to be responsible for organisation to leave commanders of field units free to train for war. King Edward VII welcomed the Report and successfully urged the Arthur James Balfour's government to accept its recommendations. However, some in the Army were wary of its recommendations, one opponent being Lord Kitchener. Richard Haldane, who became War Secretary for Henry Campbell-Bannerman's government in 1905, implemented many of its recommendations between 1906 and 1909. Among his advisers was General Sir Gerard Ellison, who was also Secretary of the Esher Committee. The recommendations were to form the basis of Army reform for the next 60 years. Military historian Correlli Barnett wrote that the Esher Report's importance \"and its consequences can hardly be exaggerated... Without the Esher Report... it is inconceivable that the mammoth British military efforts of two world wars could have been possible, let alone so generally successful.\" Esher Report The Esher Report of 1904, chaired by Lord Esher, recommended radical reform of the British Army, such as the creation of an Army Council, General Staff and Chief of the General Staff and the abolition of the Commander-in-Chief of the Forces. The change to the character of the Army has endured. The Second Boer War of 1899-1902 exposed weakness and inefficiency in the British Army and demonstrated how isolated Britain was from the rest of the world. The war had been won only by leaving Britain defenceless on land. In 1900," ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Pat Vegas Pat Vegas is a musician of Native American and Mexican ancestry. He has played in numerous ensembles which include Pat & Lolly Vegas, The Avantis, Redbone. Pat Vegas was born in Fresno, California. He was originally known as Pat Vasquez. Both Pat and his brother Candido \"Lolly Vasquez played in local bands. They changed their name to Vasquez when they came to Los Angeles in 1963 to work as musicians. Vegas started out as a member of the \"Shindig\" house band. Later he performed with his brother Lolly as The Vegas Brothers. After that they formed the group Redbone which had the 1974 hit, \"Come and Get Your Love\". In 1961, Pat had a single, \"Wanna Be A Movie Star\" bw \"I've Traveled The Whole Wide World\" released on the Lute label. The following year, \"That Smile\" bw \"The Best Girl In The World\" was released on the Unity label. Pat and Lolly led a band called The Avantis. The line-up included drummer Mike Kowalski and guitarist Danny Hamilton. They became a support act for the Beach Boys. The Avantis worked closely with Judd Hamilton (Older brother of Dan Hamilton) who was the arranger and co-composer on their records. In 1963, they had a minor hit with \"Wax 'Em Down\". The single was distributed in Canada by Sparton of Canada Ltd, it charted there. On October 12, 1963, Canada's C-FUNTASTIC FIFTY recorded the single's chart status as having moved up one notch from the previous position of 36 to 37, right behind \"Fools Rush In\" by Rick Nelson. In 1969, along with his brother Lolly, rhythm guitarist Tony Bellamy and drummer Pete DePoe he formed the band Reddbone which produced the hit songs, \"Maggy\", \"The Witch Queen Of New Orleans\" and \"Come And Get Your Love\". Vegas was featured in the 2017 film \"Rumble: The Indians Who Rocked the World\", a documentary which explores the influence that Native Americans had on rock ’n’ roll. In April 2018, CBC Music announced that Vegas as well as Ansley Simpson and Indian City were to perform at the CBC Indigenous Music Awards in Winnipeg in May. Also, Vegas was the recipient of a Lifetime Achievement Award for his work in Redbone which inspired many Native American artists to find success in mainstream genres. Pat Vegas Pat Vegas is a musician of Native American and Mexican ancestry. He has played in numerous" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "James M. Galloway Rear Admiral (ret) James M. Galloway, MD, FACP, FACC is a United States medical doctor and Public Health physician who provides leadership and expertise to health care systems, nonprofit service organizations and innovative social enterprises in the health and public health arenas. Dr. Galloway served as the Regional Health Administrator for the United States Department of Health and Human Services for the six eastern states that comprise Region V under Presidents Bush and Obama. He also served as the Senior Federal Official for Health for Pandemic Influenza and Bioterrorism for the Department of Homeland Security's Region C, which includes an additional six states. Subsequently, Dr. Galloway was the lead for one of CDC's lead efforts as the Director of the Office of Health System Collaboration, integrating clinical care and public health at a national level. Dr. Galloway is also an author, having published over 170 articles, abstracts, book chapters and one book, \"Primary Care of Native American Patients: Diagnosis, Therapy and Epidemiology\". He has received numerous awards, including being named to Best Doctors in America, and receiving the Surgeon General's Exemplary Service Medal, USPHS Clinical Physician of the Year, Outstanding Clinician for the Indian Health Service nationally in 1997 and has been twice awarded the Secretary of Health and Human Services' Award for Distinguished Service as well as recognitions from the Governor of Arizona and the Mayor of Chicago. Galloway received his medical degree from the Medical College of Virginia and completed his medical residency at the University of Vermont. His fellowship in Cardiology was at the University of Arizona and he trained at Harvard in an Executive Leadership Masters of Health Care Management Program. He has been board-certified in both internal medicine and cardiology; a fellow of the American College of Physicians, the American College of Chest Physicians, the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association. Before relocating to Chicago as Regional Health Administrator, Galloway organized and provided direct cardiac care to Native Americans in Arizona, Nevada, Utah, California and New Mexico. He served as Director of the Native American Cardiology Program at the University of Arizona and developed the Center for Native American Health within the emerging School of Public Health. He was subsequently the senior cardiologist nationally for the Indian Health Service and the director of the National Native American Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Program. In March 2007, Galloway was appointed to the position of Regional Health Administrator by the Assistant Secretary of Health (ASH). He is the principal federal public health official and the senior United States Public Health Service officer for Region V, which covers the eastern states of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin. He also serves as the Senior Federal Official for Health for Pandemic Influenza and Bioterrorism for the Department of Homeland Security's Region C (including the DHHS Region V states and VIII: Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah and Wyoming). Galloway has been deployed to work with Admiral Thad Allen, Deepwater Horizon Incident Commander as the HHS Senior Health Official for the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and the HHS Secretary’s representative to the National Incident Command where he serves as the government-wide coordinator of the health issues related to the response under the Assistant Secretary of Preparedness and Response. Additionally, Dr. Galloway was Chair of the Executive Council of the Chicago Federal Executive Board and the Chair of the Federal and Military Medicine Caucus of the American Medical Association. Galloway was selected by the United States Surgeon General as the Governor for the American College of Cardiology to represent the United States Public Health Service and was subsequently elected as the ACC Governor for Arizona. In that capacity, Galloway has worked with the American Diabetes Association in the “Make The Link” Program, an educational and public health approach focusing on the link between diabetes and heart disease. For this, he received the national American Diabetes Association’s C. Everett Koop Award for Health Promotion and Awareness on behalf of the American College of Cardiology. Galloway's other honors include the HHS Secretary's Medallion for outstanding work in Strengthening Pandemic Influenza Preparedness within the United States, an Award for Dedication to Global Public Health from Taiwan as well as the Secretary's Award for Innovative Leadership. James M. Galloway Rear Admiral (ret) James M. Galloway, MD, FACP, FACC is a United States medical doctor and Public Health physician who provides leadership and expertise to health care systems, nonprofit service organizations and innovative social enterprises in the health and public health arenas. Dr. Galloway served as the Regional Health Administrator for the United States Department of Health and Human Services for the six eastern states that comprise Region V under Presidents Bush and Obama. He also served as the Senior Federal Official for Health for Pandemic Influenza and Bioterrorism for" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Chris Jones (racing driver) Chris Jones (born May 24, 1987) is an American professional stock car racing driver. Jones has made 77 starts in the Camping World Truck Series. He's attempted to debut in 2007 drove for his family team LCS Motorsports. but failed to qualify and he drove 3 races for Bobby Dotter. In 2008, Jones drove for both again. In 2009, he drove 10 races for LCS Motorsports, 2 for CHS Motorsports and 1 for GunBroker Racing. In 2010, Jones drove only for LCS team, except one attempt that was for Ray Hackett Racing but he failed to make the field. In 2011, was the final year that he drove for his family team. He also drove one race for RSS Racing. In 2012, Jones split between SS-Green Light Racing and RSS Racing. In 2013, he only drove for RSS team, start and park almost the races. Chris is the Tire Specialist from RSS Racing. Chris Jones (racing driver) Chris Jones (born May 24, 1987) is an American professional stock car racing driver. Jones has made 77 starts in the Camping World Truck Series. He's attempted to debut in 2007 drove for his family team LCS Motorsports. but" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Central Embarcadero Piers Historic District The Central Embarcadero Piers Historic District is a Registered Historic District in the City of San Francisco, California, United States. It consists of Piers 1, 1½, 3 and 5, is one of the largest surviving pier complexes along San Francisco's Embarcadero. The Central Embarcadero Piers Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 20, 2002. With construction spanning over a decade and led by Chief Engineer of the State Harbor Commission, Frank G. White, Piers 1, 1½, 3 and 5, were opened in 1918. Unlike the piers south of the Ferry Building that were designed in the Mission and Gothic Revival styles, the piers north of the Ferry Building were built in the Beaux-Arts architecture style, similar to New York City's Chelsea Piers. The timber-frame bulkhead buildings, covered in stucco, are each two stories high, punctuated by two-story arches. Behind these formal building are the areas more closely associated with the functioning of the port—the piers and transit sheds. Concrete or timber piers extend east behind the bulkhead buildings, connected to the system of wharves upon which the bulkhead buildings rest. Steel truss and timber frame buildings, accommodating the loading and unloading of ships are built upon the piers, with open aprons for circulation. These were the only group of piers in the Port of San Francisco dedicated chiefly to inland trade and transport. These connections facilitated the growth of communities in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys and fostered California's agricultural business that led the state to become the richest in the nation, as well the fifth largest economy in the world. The \"Delta King\" and \"Delta Queen\" provided overnight connections between San Francisco and Sacramento from Pier 1½, making it an important gateway for public travel to the interior of the state. Pier 3 and Pier 5 served primarily freight shipping, with a variety of companies sharing the bulkhead office and warehouse spaces and the huge transit sheds which originally extended the full length of the finger piers for more than 700 feet (212 m) east from the wharf on the Embarcadero. The San Francisco waterfront piers played a crucial role in the Pacific theater during World War II. With the outbreak of the war, San Francisco's waterfront became a military logistics center; troops, equipment and supplies left the Port in support of the Pacific theater. Almost every pier and wharf was involved in military activities, with troop ships and naval vessels tied up all along the Embarcadero. In addition, the military briefly set up antiaircraft guns and searchlights at piers along the waterfront from 1941 to 1942. The Coast Guard, Immigration and Naturalization Service and the Maritime Service Enrolling Office occupied Pier 5. After the war, the piers fell into disuse, as ports in Oakland, Alameda and Richmond were better equipped to respond to the conversion to containerization. Piers 1½ and 5 were early examples of finding new uses for buildings which form a valuable part of the city's environment. The former Passenger Waiting Room of Pier 1½ was converted into an architect's waterfront office, and the bulkheads of Piers 1½ and 5 were used as professional office space. While many of the piers were demolished, Piers 1 ½, 3 and 5 remain the most visible from the Ferry Building and Market Street, still the main thoroughfare of the city. In January 2001, San Francisco Waterfront Partner, LLC was selected by the Port of San Francisco to redevelop the historic Piers 1½, 3 and 5. The project focuses on preserving and rehabilitating the historic maritime design of the Northeast Waterfront and the Ferry Building Waterfront while enhancing the public use and access to the historic and scenic waterfront setting. Central Embarcadero Piers Historic District The Central Embarcadero Piers Historic District is a Registered Historic District in the City of San Francisco, California, United States. It consists of Piers 1, 1½, 3 and 5, is one of the largest surviving pier complexes along San Francisco's Embarcadero. The Central Embarcadero Piers Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 20, 2002. With construction spanning over a decade and led by Chief Engineer of the" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "William Keighley William Jackson Keighley (August 4, 1889, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – June 24, 1984, New York, New York) was an American stage actor and Hollywood film director. After graduating from the Ludlum School of Dramatic Art, Keighley began acting at the age of 23. By the 1910s and 1920s, he was acting and directing on Broadway. With the advent of talking pictures, he relocated to Hollywood. He eventually signed with Warner Bros., where he proved adept at directing in a wide variety of genres. He was the initial director of \"The Adventures of Robin Hood\", starring Errol Flynn and Olivia de Havilland, but was replaced by Michael Curtiz. During World War II, he supervised the First Motion Picture Unit of the U.S. Army Air Forces. He retired in 1953 and moved to Paris with his actress wife Genevieve Tobin. In retirement he became an award-winning, renowned still photographer. He died of a stroke. William Keighley William Jackson Keighley (August 4, 1889, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – June 24, 1984, New York, New York) was an American stage actor and Hollywood film director. After graduating from the Ludlum School of Dramatic Art, Keighley began acting at the age of 23. By the 1910s" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Royal Australian Air Force VIP aircraft The Royal Australian Air Force has operated a number of specialised aircraft to transport the Queen of Australia, other members of the Royal Family, the Governor General of Australia, senior members of the Australian government, and other dignitaries. The RAAF's current VIP aircraft are two leased Boeing Business Jets and three Bombardier Challengers which are operated by No. 34 Squadron RAAF and are based at Canberra Airport. The Boeing Business Jets are custom configured Boeing 737-700s fitted with facilities such as conference tables, offices suites, secure satellite and communication capabilities. The two planes have a longer range than is standard for Boeing Business Jets. The Prime Minister regularly makes use of the aircraft for domestic and international travel. Prior to the acquisition of the 737s, passenger-configured RAAF Boeing 707s tanker-transports were used. These aircraft were larger than the 737s currently in use. In August 2014, Defence Minister David Johnston announced the intention to convert a KC-30A to VIP configuration. Royal Australian Air Force VIP aircraft The Royal Australian Air Force has operated a number of specialised aircraft to transport the Queen of Australia, other members of the Royal Family, the Governor General of Australia," ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "2018 Warriors FC season The 2018 season is Warriors' 23rd consecutive season in the top flight of Singapore football and in the S.League. Along with the S.League, the club will also compete in the Prime League, the Singapore Cup and the Singapore League Cup. \"Note 1: Gabriel Quak was initially signed to a deal but released after Navy FC wanted to sign him.\" \"Note 2: Ridhuan Muhammad was released by Borneo FC after the Cup Competition, thus making him a free agent.\" \"Note 3: Baihakki Khaizan moved to Muangthong United but was loaned to Udon Thani before the new season start.\" \"Warriors FC lost 5-2 on aggregate.\" 2018 Warriors FC season The 2018 season is Warriors' 23rd consecutive season in the top flight of Singapore football and in the S.League. Along with the S.League, the club will also compete in the Prime League, the Singapore Cup and the Singapore League Cup. \"Note 1: Gabriel Quak was initially signed to a deal but released after Navy FC wanted to sign him.\" \"Note 2: Ridhuan Muhammad was released by Borneo FC after the Cup Competition, thus making him a free agent.\" \"Note 3: Baihakki Khaizan moved to Muangthong United but was loaned" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Elephant Butte (Utah) Elephant Butte is a 5,653 ft summit in Grand County, Utah. It is located within Arches National Park, and is the highest point in the park. Like many of the rock formations in the park, Elephant Butte is composed of Entrada Sandstone. Elephant Butte is a flat-topped cap surrounded by numerous towers and fins including \"Parade of Elephants\". Double Arch is also a natural feature of Elephant Butte and was used as a backdrop for the opening scene of \"Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade\". Precipitation runoff from Elephant Butte drains east into the nearby Colorado River. Elephant Butte lies above an underground salt bed, causing the formation of the arches, spires, balanced rocks, sandstone fins, and eroded monoliths in the area. The rock is Entrada Sandstone. Spring and fall are the most favorable seasons to experience Arches National Park, when highs average 60 to 80 F and lows average 30 to 50 F. Summer temperatures often exceed 100 F. Winters are cold, with highs averaging 30 to 50 F, and lows averaging 0 to 20 F. As part of a high desert region, it can experience wide daily temperature fluctuations. The park receives an average of less than 10 inches (25 cm) of rain annually. Elephant Butte (Utah) Elephant Butte is a 5,653 ft summit in Grand County, Utah. It is located within Arches National Park, and is the highest point in the park. Like many of the rock formations in the park, Elephant Butte is composed of Entrada Sandstone. Elephant Butte is a flat-topped cap surrounded by numerous towers and fins including \"Parade of Elephants\". Double Arch is also a natural feature of Elephant Butte and was used as a backdrop for the opening scene of \"Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade\". Precipitation runoff from" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "1-Vinylimidazole 1-Vinylimidazole is a water-soluble basic monomer that forms quaternizable homopolymers by free-radical polymerization with a variety of vinyl and acrylic monomers. The products are functional copolymers, which are used as oil field chemicals and as cosmetic auxiliaries. 1-Vinylimidazole acts as a reactive diluent in UV lacquers, inks, and adhesives. The synthesis and properties of 1-vinylimidazole were described in a comprehensive article by Walter Reppe in 1957. Imidazole is first reacted with potassium hydroxide solution to form potassium imidazolate and the formed water is removed by distillation. Zinc oxide and potassium hydroxide are added to the basic catalyst potassium imidazolate and the free imidazole is ethinylated in 1,4-dioxane at 130 °C with ethine in a autoclave. The yield is 62%. In a laboratory process, imidazole reacts in a two-phase system in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst with 1,2-dichloroethane to give 1-(2-chloroethyl)imidazole and the latter is converted upon release of hydrogen chloride into 1-vinylimidazole in 92% yield. Another lab scale procedure reports the vinylation of imidazole with bromethene and kieselguhr-supported cesium fluoride in acetonitrile with a yield of 65%. 1-vinylimidazole is a colorless to brown, light-sensitive, hygroscopic and slightly alkaline reacting liquid with unpleasant, amine-like, fishy smell. The compound is very soluble in water and alcohols. The free-radical polymerization of 1-vinylimidazole proceeds very slowly at pH 9, but at pH 1 it is as fast as that of quaternized 1-vinylimidazole. 1-Vinylimidazole is used because of its high reactivity for free-radical (UV) polymerization as reactive diluent in UV lacquers, inks and adhesives for coatings and lacquers. It is also used for the functionalization of polymer surfaces by UV-induced grafting to improve wettability and adhesiveness. 1-Vinylimidazole can be quaternized with n-alkyl iodides to 3-n-alkyl-1-vinylimidazolium iodides or with dimethylsulfate to 3-methyl-1-vinylimidazolium methosulfate. The resulting quaternary ammonium compounds can be free-radically polymerized in aqueous solution with the water-soluble azo initiator 4,4'-azobisvaleric acid. Copolymers of quaternary N-vinylimidazolium salts and polar monomers (in particular N-vinylpyrrolidone) are cationic polyelectrolytes and are suitable, inter alia, as flocculants for water treatment, as flotation auxiliaries for coal and ore processing, as additives for drilling fluids and cementations in the extraction of oil, as emulsion cleavers for the dewatering of crude oil emulsions in refineries, and as corrosion inhibitors for iron alloys. Copolymers of quaternary N-vinylimidazolium salts and polymerizable unsaturated carboxylic acids (such as methacrylic acid or sulfonic acids, such as 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) reduce the electrostatic charge, for example of hair, and are therefore used in shampoos for improving wet combability. 1-Vinylimidazole polymerizes radically in an aqueous or alcoholic solution to form homopolymers with average molar masses of from 2,000 to 50,000, which, however, often still contain relatively high residual monomer contents (> 600 ppm). By adding sulfur-containing chain regulators, such as mercaptoethanol, the undesired residual content of the N-vinylimidazole can be reduced to less than 50 ppm, although the molar mass of the polymer obtained also decreases. Hydrogels from poly-1-vinylimidazole very efficiently bind a large number of heavy metal ions (except Pb), which can be selectively and quantitatively eluted from the hydrogel. 1-Vinylimidazole can be copolymerized free-radically with a variety of vinyl and acrylic monomers. Water-soluble copolymers with vinylpyrrolidone are used as color transfer inhibitors in detergent preparations, with vinyl acetate as a coating of lithographic printing plates, with acrylic acid esters or methacrylic acid esters or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate as adhesion promoters in paints or with acrylonitrile as precursors for carbon fibers. 1-Vinylimidazole 1-Vinylimidazole is a water-soluble basic monomer that forms quaternizable homopolymers by free-radical polymerization with a variety of vinyl and acrylic monomers. The products are functional copolymers, which are used as oil field chemicals and as cosmetic auxiliaries." ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Inform, Inc. Inform, Inc. is a non-profit environmental organization based in New York City. Founded in 1973, Inform has published more than 100 reports covering chemical hazard prevention, solid waste prevention, extended producer responsibility, and sustainable transportation. Inform uses media, such as video, to educate the public about the environmental effects of various consumer products. Inform was founded in 1973 by Joanna Underwood in order to document the environmental impact of business practices and identify practical options for change. Inform's research has been cited as providing \"the intellectual underpinning for other advocacy groups\". During 1976-1978, Inform investigated the land sales industry. The investigation led to proposed consumer amendments in the Federal Interstate Land Sales Reform Act. In 1986, recommendations made by David Sarokin and Warren Muir, researchers at Inform, resulted in the United States Environmental Protection Agency's creation of the Toxics Release Inventory. Chemical research done by Inform on the benefits of waste prevention helped lead to the federal Pollution Prevention Act of 1990. Dow Chemical Company named Joanna Underwood to serve as part of its seven-member Corporate Environmental Advisory Council in the early nineties. By creating this council, Dow aimed to allow environmental advocates to examine its business practices. In 1995, Inform published a \"Toxics Watch\" report, which revealed that a significant portion of the toxic waste released into the environment originates from consumer products instead of chemical manufacturing plants. In 2000, Inform's \"Bus Futures\" report concluded that investment in natural gas buses is crucial in the development of cleaner buses and air. Between 2004 and 2005, Inform had assisted more than 77 institutions in the Northeastern United States prevent more than 56,000 pounds of toxic chemicals from reaching the waste stream. Part of Inform's Media Project, \"The Secret Life Series\" consists of several videos examining the environmental impacts of everyday items. The goal of this series is to increase awareness about the ways that production and consumption affect the environment and public health. On January 17, 2008, Inform released \"The Secret Life of Cell Phones\" online. This video details the implications of disposed unrecycled cell phones and the benefits of recycling old cell phones. The video has reached an audience of over 25,000 people in 87 countries and has been discussed on over 50 blogs. In August 2009, Inform released \"The Secret Life of Paper\". The video has won the \"Rethinking Resources Award\" at the Ninth Annual Media That Matters Film Festival. Future videos in the series will deal with beef, antibacterial soaps, jeans, and plastic bags. Inform has received awards for its research on the environment: Inform, Inc. Inform, Inc. is a non-profit environmental organization based in New York City. Founded in 1973, Inform has published more than 100 reports covering chemical hazard prevention, solid waste prevention, extended producer responsibility, and sustainable transportation. Inform uses media, such as video, to educate the public about the environmental effects of various consumer products. Inform was founded in 1973 by Joanna Underwood in order to document the environmental impact of" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "John Phillips (zoologist) Professor John Guest Phillips FRS FZS (13 June 1933 – 14 March 1987) was an eminent biologist. He was born in Swansea and educated at Llanelli Boys' Grammar School and the University of Liverpool; where, after gaining his BSc, he joined the research group of Chester Jones to complete a PhD in endocrinology. Following his doctorate he took up a fellowship at the Bingham Oceanographic Laboratory at Yale University with Grace E. Pickford. After a lectureship at Sheffield University Phillips was appointed to the Chair of Zoology at the University of Hong Kong. He returned to the UK to become Professor of Zoology, from 1967–79, and Dean of the Faculty of Science (1978-1980) at the University of Hull, Director of the Wolfson Institute for Gerontology (1979-1986) (located at the University of Hull) and later Vice-Chancellor of Loughborough University from 1986-1987. He was secretary of the Zoological Society of London. Phillips' research was predominantly in the fields of endocrinology, notably concerning the salt glands of sea birds, and the biological basis of ageing (gerontology). John Phillips (zoologist) Professor John Guest Phillips FRS FZS (13 June 1933 – 14 March 1987) was an eminent biologist. He was born in" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Moheener Ghoraguli Moheener Ghoraguli (, literally \"Moheen's Horses\") was a Bengali independent music group from Kolkata, established in 1975. Their music drew from wide variety of influences, including Bengali folk, Baul, urban American folk, and jazz. They sometimes described their style as \"Baul jazz.\" Established in the 1970s during a period of stagnation in Bengali music, when commercial film songs were the dominant market force, the lyrics (and to some extent the compositions) of leader Gautam Chattopadhyay were radically new. They were of a very personal or social nature, similar to the urban folk movement led by Bob Dylan in the 60s. Though they were almost unknown in their time, in recent years they have undergone a critical re-evaluation much like the Velvet Underground. In recognition of this renewed interest, Gautam released a compilation of Mohiner Ghoraguli covers by contemporary artists, \"Aabaar Bochhor Kuri Pore\" in 1995. They have since come to be considered as one of the earliest Bengali rock bands, and pioneers of the jibonmukhi style and ethics. Their signature song is \"Prithibita Naki\" (পৃথিবীটা নাকি), a reflection on how television creates urban alienation. It has been covered by many artists. The group played together until 1981 and was then dissolved. In the late 1980s Subrata Ghosh a student of Presidency College, Calcutta, an ardent music lover, heard a song \"bhalo lagay jotsnay kash boney chhut tay\" and came to know about Gautam Chattopadhay. Immediately he became a die-hard fan of Monida and excavated information about him. In a few days, Subrata reached Monida's residence at Naktala. After a few days of jamming with Subrata, the 2nd innings of Monida started. It was days after days, night after night, month after month gradually new generation music lovers, who wanted to break the traditional tide of Bengali music started jamming in at Monida's small drawing room and sometimes they used to gather at Salt Lake BE Park at Salt Lake Welfare Association's tent to create new innovative music. This was the time when the most revolutionary compositions like \"Prithibi\", \"telephone\", \"bangalee Korechoo\" got created. Then in the mid-1990s, a decade and a half after Mohineer Ghoraguli's dissolution, Gautam Chattopadhyay with immense mental support of Subrata & Neel decided to revive the movement of Moheener Ghoraguli. In 1994 Gautam was awarded with an assignment from Kolkata Doordarshan to make 1st ever Bengali Music Video and a budget was allocated to him. As usual the budget was too little to make a quality product, so after the songs got recorded Gautam with the support of Sourish and A. Mukherjee decided to come out with a cassette album Abar Bochhor Kuri poray – compiled by Mohiner Ghoraguli: Mohiner Ghoraguli shompadita Bengali Gaan. The first album in this phase issued by the new-look Moheener Ghoraguli was a compilation called \"Abar Bochhor Kuri Porey\" (\"Again, After Twenty Years\", a quotation from Jibanananda Das), released at the Kolkata Book Fair. It included a number of original Moheener Ghoraguli classics from the 1970s, as well as songs recorded by select music makers of the 90s. Although listeners were initially slow to catch on, the album proved to be a hit, and it introduced the MG movement to a new generation of music-lovers. Gautam Chattopadhyay finally saw Moheener Ghoraguli music gaining the popularity and critical recognition that had eluded their band in the 1970s. Several other successful compilations have followed since the first one. Both in their native West Bengal and in Bangladesh, Moheener Ghoraguli is now a much-admired movement. Gautam's death in 1999 was sudden. After returning from a location shooting of his last film \"Rong Bin\", which was never completed, the next day he went to the \"Indropuri Studio\" to meet his longtime cinematographer friend and colleague, Vivek Banerjee and there he collapsed and died of a heart attack. An entire generation of budding musicians who had been popularised by Gautam in Kolkata mourned his untimely death and a tribute album \"Moni chara shunno laage\" was released; it should be noted here that Moni was not Gautam's nickname, but his siblings would call him Moni-da, moni, defining that he was the third of the brothers. His nickname was Manik. In December 2007, ABP (Anandabazar Patrika Group) organised a concert Abar Bochhor kuri Porey (\"Again, After twenty Years\") ensemlbing all associates of Mohiner Ghoraguli, singers and musicians associated with Gautam Chattopadhyay. The 3-hour concert was held at Nicco Park and went on to be one of the biggest concert of recent times. Ranjan Ghoshal was the man behind the show and the entire music arrangement was done and conducted by Abraham Mazumdar. The literal meaning of \"Moheen'er Ghora-guli\" is \"Moheen's horses\". While this obscure phrase puzzles many of the band's fans, it is actually taken from a poem \"Ghora\" ('Horses') from the poetry book \"Shatti Tarar Timir\" (Bengali: সাতটি তারার তিমির) by the great modernist Bengali poet Jibanananda Das. The second line of the poem is: loosely translated as: One of the band's most popular songs, \"Bhalobashi Jyotsnay\" (Bengali: ভালোবাসি জ্যোৎস্নায়), is a tribute to the natural beauty of the Bengali countryside; the influence of Jibanananda's pastoral poetry is evident throughout the song. There are other parallels: Jibanananda broke with the literary tradition of his time and introduced modernist themes and diction to Bengali poetry. He is often considered the first Bengali poet to truly break free of Rabindranath's imposing presence. To some extent, Moheener Ghoraguli attempted to do the same for Bengali popular music. Original line-up: Later Members: After Tapesh Bandopadhyay left the band in 1979, he was replaced by Raja Banerjee. Raja went on to record the third Moheen album Drishyomaan Moheener Ghoraguli with the band and performed in numerous concerts till the band was disbanded. Original studio albums (1977-1979) This group was formed by a group of Kolkata musicians led by Gautam Chattopadhyay towards the end of 1974. Initially, they called themselves 'Saptarshi', and finally settled on the name 'Moheener Ghoraguli' proposed by Ranjon Ghoshal. The name was borrowed from a poem 'Ghora' by Jibanananda Das. In such a conservative climate, Moheener Ghoraguli, with its unorthodox musical compositions and strange choice of song themes, failed to gain much of a fan base. Its songs dealt with everyday topics—politics, poverty, injustice, revolution, love, loneliness, even begging and prostitution. Gautam Chattopadhyay had strong political beliefs; in common with many intelligent and idealistic young men of his generation, he was involved in socialist/communist politics during the 1960s and 1970s, and may have been involved in the Naxalite movement. This political outlook was reflected in the musical output of the band. The type of music that Moheener Ghoraguli pioneered, though debatably, had the seeds of now very popular \"Jibonmukhi gaan\" or 'Songs of ordinary life'. Two decades after Moheen, singers like Kabir Suman, Nochiketa and Anjan Dutt took \"Jibonmukhi gaan\" to a new level of popularity, but the origins of the genre can be found in the songs of Moheener Ghoraguli. The band recorded with Western and Bengali folk instruments and also experimented in a variety of musical styles, some of which must have jarred with the sensibilities of its audience. Today, these compositions sound quite contemporary, leading many to conclude that Moheener Ghoraguli was indeed ahead of its time. The band freely borrowed elements from \"baul shongeet\", the folk music of rural Bengal. It can therefore lay claim to be the original Bengali folk-rock band. Many bands since Moheen have adopted similar innovations. The original Moheen line-up performed consistently over the period 1976–1981 throughout the city of Kolkata. Some of their notable performances were at: All the new generation musicians who", "but the origins of the genre can be found in the songs of Moheener Ghoraguli. The band recorded with Western and Bengali folk instruments and also experimented in a variety of musical styles, some of which must have jarred with the sensibilities of its audience. Today, these compositions sound quite contemporary, leading many to conclude that Moheener Ghoraguli was indeed ahead of its time. The band freely borrowed elements from \"baul shongeet\", the folk music of rural Bengal. It can therefore lay claim to be the original Bengali folk-rock band. Many bands since Moheen have adopted similar innovations. The original Moheen line-up performed consistently over the period 1976–1981 throughout the city of Kolkata. Some of their notable performances were at: All the new generation musicians who performed in the \"Aabaar Bochhor Kuri Pore\" album were given the opportunity to perform. While the singers and musicians were enjoying the stage performing, at the back side, 6 huge canvas was kept and Bengal's one of the most famous contemporary painter was depicting the meaning of the songs live on the canvas. Each of the Canvas later on was donated to Jadavpur University Student's Union with an autograph of Gautam and Rathin. In this concert few members of Original Mohineer Ghoraguli was also present like Abraham Majumder with his young students of Kolkata Music Academy, Tapas Das, Pradip Chattopadhyay, and Raja Banerjee. Monida's last live performance was at Kalyani University in Jan 1999, along with Subrata Ghosh of Garer Math, Neel, Bonny & Dwide of the then Krosswindz and the live sound mixing was done by Chhoton (founder member of Chandrabindo) a die-hard follower and inspirer of Subrata & Monida. Moheener Ghoraguli's music is till been covered immensely by Subrata Ghosh (Gorer Math) and also by a number of Bengali artists in the 1990s and 2000s, including Fossils, Chandrabindoo, Bhoomi, Krosswindz, Lakkhichhara and Insomnia and Prithibi. Rollywood have recently taken up the initiative to reincarnate the fading tracks of Moheener Ghoraguli in their own flavour of music. Gaurab Chattopadhyay (Gabbu), son of Gautam, is a catalyst member/drummer of the Kolkata band Lakkhichhara. Koushik of Prithibi with Monfokira has organised an experimental concert on Shottorer Sohortolir gaan, an unreleased album of Moheener Ghoraguli, with the aim of taking their music forward. In 2006, the original Moheener Ghoraguli song \"Prithibi ta naki\" was remade as \"Bheegi Bheegi\" by the music-director Pritam Chakrabarty for the Hindi film \"Gangster\" which went on to become a chartbuster. The song was sung by Bangladeshi singer James of Nagar Baul fame. \"Prithibi ta naki\" was sung by Bonnie who is a founder member of Oikyotaan, a baul fusion band based in Chennai. 9 January 2001 and 2002 Jadavpur University AISA organised Dariyay Ailo Tufan where all the contemporary Bengali bands performed in memory of Gautam Chattopadhyay. Moheener Ghoraguli Moheener Ghoraguli (, literally \"Moheen's Horses\") was a Bengali independent music group from Kolkata, established in 1975. Their music drew from wide variety of influences, including Bengali folk, Baul, urban American folk, and jazz. They sometimes described their style as \"Baul jazz.\" Established in the 1970s during a period of stagnation in Bengali music, when commercial film songs were the dominant market force, the lyrics (and to some extent the compositions) of leader Gautam Chattopadhyay were radically new. They were of a very personal or social nature, similar to the urban folk movement" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Edugeek EduGeek.net is a British-based online peer support community and information portal for IT professionals predominantly working in the field of education, operating primarily as an internet forum. Founded by Chris Byers and Ric Charlton in 2005, the site now has 2 full-time paid employees the founder, Chris Byers & the webmaster Shaun Garriock. As of June 2014 the sites member base exceeds 68,300 users. EduGeek was founded in 2005 by Chris Byers, an IT Systems manager for Lancashire schools in the United Kingdom, who has since become employed with the site full-time. During research, he found there was no other website or community that specifically targeted IT professionals that worked in Education. The website initially used Dragonfly CMS, although this was found to be too restrictive and the site has since moved onto vBulletin. Today, the EduGeek community boasts a member base in excess of 31,000. In April 2010, the NAHT released a report looking at the spending behaviours of schools and the way suppliers were taking advantage of them. This report was in part based on posts at Edugeek, where some members had provided detailed accounts of how their schools had been ripped off by some suppliers. Following the announcement by the UK Government that it was to close Becta, members of EduGeek worked to ensure that the expertise and knowledge available from Becta didn't disappear, transferring it to various new homes on the internet. EduGeek has been a regular feature at the BETT show, manning the technical support help point for visitors, staffed by volunteers from its membership. The website currently has 3 Administrators and 16 Moderators, who volunteer personal time to contribute to the community. To help financially, the site has many sponsors such as Smoothwall and Promethean. The site also uses advertisements provided by AdSense to generate income. All of EduGeek services to its members are provided free of charge. Member's details are never sold or passed on to third parties, and it's this integrity which remains one of the sites main strong points. Its members come from all areas of the IT profession. Originally aimed at the burgeoning field of IT professionals working within the British education sector in the mid-2000s (decade), its membership now consists of IT staff from all over the world in education, health, banking and private sector. While the forum remains focussed on the education sector, their Technical forums contain help and information covering all IT sectors. Its membership increases at a rate of just over 10,000 per year although this currently shows signs of increasing. EduGeek spends a great deal of time and money ensuring the ‘community’ aspect of the site is developed by attending educational IT shows in the United Kingdom and the United States, as well as hosting its own annual conference, to ensure the staff and moderators get to meet its members in real life as much as possible. Since its first conference in 2005, EduGeek has always ensured no costs will be passed onto its members for attending (apart from travel and accommodation costs) or catering during the event. EduGeek is a regular at the UK based BETT (British Educational Training and Technology) Show held each January at the London Olympia Exhibition Hall where it runs the shows Technical Help Point on behalf of show organisers EMAP, and has exhibited at the US International Society for Technology in Education show in Denver 2010 helping to increase awareness of the community in the US. In February 2011, Microsoft invited 50 members of EduGeek over to their Reading Campus to discuss the different topics relating to Microsoft software in an educational environment and members got to voice their own concerns and questions such as licensing difficulties that small primary schools have compared to secondaries. Edugeek EduGeek.net is a British-based online peer support community and information portal for IT professionals predominantly working in the field of education, operating primarily as an internet forum. Founded by Chris Byers and Ric Charlton in 2005, the site now has 2 full-time paid employees the founder, Chris Byers & the webmaster Shaun Garriock. As of June 2014 the sites member base exceeds 68,300 users. EduGeek was founded in 2005 by Chris Byers," ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "R. Brian Ferguson Richard Brian Ferguson (born 1951) is an American anthropologist. Richard Brian Ferguson was born in New York, New York on July 19, 1951. He spent his childhood in upstate New York. Ferguson attended Columbia University, graduating with a bachelor's degree in anthropology in 1974. During this time he was involved in activism opposing the Vietnam war. He earned his doctorate in anthropology from Columbia University in 1988, with dissertation field work in Puerto Rico. Ferguson is now a tenured professor of Anthropology at Rutgers University Newark. His expertise lies in cultural anthropology, the anthropology of war, ethnic conflict, state-tribe interaction, policing, and Puerto Rico. He is part of the Department of Sociology and Anthropology as well as Global Urban Studies/Urban Systems. He has also served on the board of governors of the New York Academy of Sciences. R. Brian Ferguson Richard Brian Ferguson (born 1951) is an American anthropologist. Richard Brian Ferguson was born in New York, New York on July 19, 1951. He spent his childhood in upstate New York. Ferguson attended Columbia University, graduating with a bachelor's degree in anthropology in 1974. During this time he was involved in activism opposing the Vietnam war. He" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "National Social Norms Resource Center The National Social Norms Resource Center (NSNRC) is an independent US-American organization that promotes the use of the social norms approach (often called the social norms marketing approach) to reducing a wide range of health, safety and justice issues. Although the social norms approach has most widely been used to reduce both the consumption and the abuse of alcohol in education environments, the NSNRC also promotes its application to reduce tobacco use, violence and other social problems. To this end, it provides technical assistance in the application of social norm techniques. NSNRC, based at University of Virginia, is funded by Anheuser Busch. National Social Norms Resource Center The National Social Norms Resource Center (NSNRC) is an independent US-American organization that promotes the use of the social norms approach (often called the social norms marketing approach) to reducing a wide range of health, safety and justice issues. Although the social norms approach has most widely been used to reduce both the consumption and the abuse of alcohol in education environments, the NSNRC also promotes its application to reduce tobacco use, violence and other social problems. To this end, it provides technical assistance in the application of" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Evelyn \"Champagne\" King Evelyn \"Champagne\" King (born July 1, 1960) is an American singer, songwriter and record producer. She is best known for her hit disco single \"Shame\", which was released in 1977 during the height of disco's popularity. King had other hits from the early through the mid–1980s including; \"I'm in Love\" (1981) and \"Love Come Down\" (1982). Evelyn King was born in The Bronx, New York, and raised in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She is one of eight children. Her uncle Avon Long had played the part of Sportin' Life in the first Broadway revival of \"Porgy and Bess\" and worked with Lena Horne at the Cotton Club. Her father sang back-up for groups at Harlem's Apollo Theater. Her mother managed a group called Quality Red. She was discovered as a young woman while working with her mother at Philadelphia International Records as an office cleaner. Producer Theodore T. Life overheard her singing in a washroom and began coaching her. She was eventually signed to a production deal with Life's Galaxy Productions and a recording contract with RCA Records. In 1998 her daughter Johnniea was born at 32 weeks with severe brain damage, and other health issues, and stayed in hospital for seven months. When she was finally released, she required a feeding tube and tracheotomy. Johnniea died at age 2. In 1990 Evelyn married smooth jazz guitarist Freddie Fox. 1997 was a tough year, losing 3 immediate family members. In January her mother, Johnniea died of breast cancer, followed in May by her father, Erick Sr, of diabetes, then in December, her brother, Erick Jr died. King released her debut album, \"Smooth Talk\", in 1977. It included the song \"Shame\", which is her only top ten on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, peaking at #9; the song also reached #7 Soul and #8 on the dance chart. The record was eventually certified gold. Another single from that album, \"I Don't Know If It's Right\", peaked at #23 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #7 Soul; it would become her second certified gold single. In 1981, the single \"I'm in Love\" was released from the same-titled album; it reached #1 on the R&B singles chart and dance chart in August of that year; it also peaked at #40 on the pop chart. In 1982, King released the album, \"Get Loose\". It yielded a top twenty pop and #1 Soul hit with the single, \"Love Come Down\". The song also peaked at #1 on the dance chart and reached the UK Singles Chart top ten, peaking at #7 for three weeks. The follow-up, \"Betcha She Don't Love You\", peaked at #2 on the Soul chart and #49 on the pop chart. From the mid- to late-1980s, King would continue to chart on the Soul chart, placing eight singles in the Soul top twenty, with three making it to the top ten. On September 20, 2004, King's \"Shame\" became one of the first records to be inducted into the Dance Music Hall of Fame at a ceremony held in New York's Spirit club. On August 14, 2007, King released her first studio album in 12 years, \"Open Book\". It featured the single \"The Dance\", which peaked at #12 on the Hot Dance Club Play Chart. In 2011, King also collaborated with deep house producer Miguel Migs, on the track \"Everybody\", which was included on his album \"Outside the Skyline\". The single for \"Everybody\" was released on July 19, 2011. Evelyn \"Champagne\" King Evelyn \"Champagne\" King (born July 1, 1960) is an American singer, songwriter and record producer. She is best known for her" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "20/20 (Dilated Peoples album) 20/20 is the fourth album from West Coast hip hop group Dilated Peoples. Following the mixed reviews from their 2004 album \"Neighborhood Watch\", the group was able to reclaim some of their past acclaim with \"20/20\", but not on the level of their first two efforts \"The Platform\" and \"Expansion Team\". The album's lead single, \"Back Again\", was not able to make a strong impact, partly due to MTV refusing to play the video, due to a scene in which Rakaa wears a bulletproof vest. Back Again also appears in the EA Sports videogame \"Fight Night Round 3\". 20/20 (Dilated Peoples album) 20/20 is the fourth album from West Coast hip hop group Dilated Peoples. Following the mixed reviews from their 2004 album \"Neighborhood Watch\", the group was able to reclaim some of their past acclaim with \"20/20\", but not on the level of their first two efforts \"The Platform\" and \"Expansion Team\". The album's lead single, \"Back Again\", was not able to make a strong impact, partly due to MTV refusing to play the video, due to a scene in which Rakaa wears a bulletproof vest. Back Again also appears in the EA Sports videogame" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "The Swale The Swale is a tidal channel of the Thames estuary that separates the Isle of Sheppey from the rest of Kent. On its banks is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest which stretches from Sittingbourne to Whitstable in Kent. It is also a Ramsar internationally important wetland site and a Special Protection Area under the European Union Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds. Parts of it are a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade I, National Nature Reserves, a Kent Wildlife Trust nature reserve and a Local Nature Reserve. The name \"Swale\" is Old English in origin, and is believed to mean \"swirling, rushing river\", or \"rushing water\". The Swale was originally part of a river. Prior to the formation of the English Channel in about 6500 BC, the eastern coast of Great Britain extended much further into the area of the present-day North Sea, and the Isle of Sheppey formed part of mainland Britain. The channel now occupied by the Swale comprised a river valley facing eastwards. As sea-levels rose, water occupied the whole length of the valley, dividing today's Isle of Sheppey from the mainland. When the Romans arrived in Britain, the Swale extended much wider than it does today, with one part of the Isle of Sheppey — now called the Isle of Harty — a separate island. Two ferry services also crossed the Swale, one between Oare and Harty, and the other between Murston (near Sittingbourne) and Elmley (another former hamlet on the Isle of Sheppey). The Isle of Harty is no longer separate but the marshlands now gradually filling the channel delineate it. The channel needs constant dredging to allow use of the busy waterway. The Swale is crossed at its western end by two bridges: the Kingsferry Bridge and the later Sheppey Crossing. The Swale forms both a National Nature Reserve and a Special Protection Area: the eel grass, Ray's knotgrass, white seakale, glassworts and golden samphire support rare and uncommon migrant butterflies and moths, including the Essex emerald, the ground lackey, the clouded yellow butterfly and rare hawk-moths. Since 1968, it has also been a Site of Special Scientific Interest. The Swale notably provides habitats for the following birds: The Swale The Swale is a tidal channel of the Thames estuary that separates the Isle of Sheppey from the rest of Kent. On its banks is a biological Site of" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Roadhouse Blues \"Roadhouse Blues\" is a song by the American rock band the Doors. The song, written by Jim Morrison, appeared as the B-side of \"You Make Me Real\", and was first released as a single from the album \"Morrison Hotel\" in March 1970 and peaked at #50 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song quickly became a concert staple for the group and it has been covered by numerous artists, particularly by British rock group Status Quo. It took two days to record the song (November 4–5, 1969) with producer Paul A. Rothchild striving for perfection. Several takes from these sessions were included on the 2006 remastered album. Rothchild does not comment on Morrison, who is apparently intoxicated, \"going into full blues singer mode\" in the words of engineer Bruce Botnick, improvising and simultaneously flubbing several lyrics and repeating the blues phrase \"Money beats soul every time\". The phrase can be found on the \"\" soundtrack, with the next track being a live version of \"Roadhouse Blues\". The sessions only took off on the second day, when resident Elektra guitarist Lonnie Mack joined in on bass and ex-Lovin' Spoonful frontman John Sebastian contributing harmonica (appearing under the pseudonym G. Puglese either out of loyalty to his recording contract or to avoid affiliation with The Doors after the infamous Miami controversy) joined in on the sessions and Manzarek switched from his Wurlitzer electric piano to a tack piano (the same used on The Beach Boys \"Good Vibrations\"). A studio version of the song with John Lee Hooker sharing vocals with Morrison can be found on the \"\" album. A misconception states that Mack contributed the guitar solo on the track in addition to bass guitar. Mack himself stated that he had \"played bass\". In actuality, guitarist Robby Krieger is responsible for all guitar parts on \"Roadhouse Blues\" and Mack's contribution is limited to bass guitar, as always officially stated; Jim Morrison shouts \"Do it, Robby, do it!\" (especially audible on the official audio proof of DVD-Audio and SuperAudioCD where the single vocal track can be separated from other instruments) at the start of the guitar solo. The solo on record is representative of Krieger's fingerstyle playing and is identical to all his Roadhouse Blues solos played in the previous sessions the day before on 5 November 1969. Subsequent interviews with members of The Doors and Rothchild confirm this. The complete song was fully composed and rehearsed before Lonnie Mack was invited to play bass on \"Roadhouse Blues\" and \"Maggie M'Gill\" (Ray Neapolitan, regular bass player during Morrison Hotel sessions, couldn't arrive on time that day due to a traffic jam). Mack had quit touring and was working for Elektra Records at the time, but returned to music after playing bass at the session. Alice Cooper claimed he was the inspiration for the line \"Woke up this morning and I got myself a beer\", as stated on his Planet Rock morning show. A live version appearing later on the posthumous album \"An American Prayer\" and that same version again on \"In Concert\" and \"Greatest Hits\". During this version, Jim Morrison talks for a short while to a female audience member about his Zodiac sign and, with a sudden, ironic twist that causes the audience to erupt in laughter, denounces his beliefs in it. The song was also featured twice in the movie \"The Doors\"; the studio version in the film, and the aforementioned live version over the end credits. Status Quo first heard the Doors' recording shortly after it was released while touring in Bielefeld, Germany in 1970. They were looking for a change of direction away from their original psychedelic pop style, and were unsure about what to do, but after hearing the song in a club, they enjoyed its 12-bar shuffle and thought it would be a good template for future original material. The group recorded a studio version on the 1972 album \"Piledriver\", with bassist Alan Lancaster taking the lead vocal and featuring an extra verse with three-part harmonies, which the Doors' recording did not have. The lyrics were different to the original, for instance singing \"I should have made you\" instead of \"Ashen lady\". The track was released as a promotional single, with Black Sabbath's \"Children of the Grave\" on the B-side. The song was a regular feature of Quo's live setlist throughout the 1970s, being performed towards the end of the show. It was extended to allow a jam session in the middle, featuring snippets of other songs including the traditional \"The Irish Washerwoman\" and \"Shakin' All Over\" with a 14-minute version as the final track on 1977's \"Live\". In 1992, the live album \"Live Alive Quo\" featured Roadhouse Medley, which blended other songs into the main Roadhouse Blues riff. \"Roadhouse Blues\" was revived for the \"Frantic Four\" tours in 2013. In 2014, a deluxe reissue of \"Piledriver\" included a 15-minute live version, recorded in 1973. Other artists who have recorded cover versions include Deep Purple, Lana Del Rey, Bon Jovi, The Cult, Status Quo, Mahogany Rush, Ministry, Frankie Goes to Hollywood, Los Lonely Boys. Live covers have been released by Meat Loaf, Imperiet, Eric Burdon, Eppu Normaali and Creed. U.S. hard-rock band Blue Öyster Cult released a live version, recorded Dec. 15, 1981 at the Country Club in Reseda, CA, on \"Extraterrestrial Live\", featuring Robby Krieger joining the band on guitar. The Jeff Healey Band performs the song in the movie \"Road House\". The song was played by the surviving Doors and Eddie Vedder at The Doors' Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction in 1993. In addition, a bootleg recording of this song performed by Vedder and others surfaced in 2001. The Crystal Method did a remix of \"Roadhouse Blues\". It can be found on their albums \"Community Service II\" and \"\". It was featured also in the short-lived TV show \"Drive\". In 2010, it was used as the promotional song for the third season of FX's \"Sons of Anarchy\". Citations Sources Roadhouse" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Noo Hin: The Movie Noo Hin: The Movie () is a 2006 comedy film based on a popular Thai comic book and graphic novel series about a plucky domestic worker from Isan who's working for an upper class family in Bangkok. It was directed by Komgrit Triwimol and co-produced by Nonzee Nimibutr with a screenplay by Kongdej Jaturanrasamee. Noo Hin is a young woman living in Ubon Ratchathani in Northeast Thailand, and as the story opens, she is hunting for something to eat, and she spots a lizard (an animated character), which she chases throughout the countryside, causing a stampede of water buffalo and disrupting a village fair. Noo Hin, it seems, is a constant troublemaker in the village, which as is typical for Isan is poor, with few prospects for jobs or a productive rice crop. Because Noo Hin is essentially useless, she must be sent to Bangkok to earn money in a factory. Her departure at the railway station is a cause for celebration. Even the village band turns out to add to festivities. As she rides on the train, Noo Hin imagines getting a job in a glamorous factory, making trendy bags, T-shirts and shoes. Her fantasy is acted out in a musical song-and-dance number. But at the employment agency, all that's left is a job in a rat-trap factory, which is horrifying to Noo Hin. But as luck has it, an attractive, tall and large-breasted young woman strides into the agency looking for a new maid, and Noo Hin gets the job. The young woman's name is นม, which Noo Hin thinks is funny as it has the dual meaning for both Milk and Breasts. Noo Hin has troubles adapting to the city right from the start. She has never used a seatbelt in a car before. She is given some insect spray to get rid of bugs in her room. Its odor is pleasing, so she sprays so much that she faints from the fumes. She also can't understand why Milk and her older sister, Som-O (Pomelo), are so obsessed with their appearance. Som-O is especially concerned, and is constantly exercising, using a piece of equipment or a vibrating belt she hopes will melt away any fat that might be on her waistline. Noo Hin is further mystified by the behavior of urban women, who fight over items in sales bins at Siam Center and use whitening cream to make their underarms sparkle. The house is bigger than the provincial government building back home, but the resourceful Noo Hin settles in, wearing dust-mops on her feet, a head-dress of feather dusters and twirling a broom as she whips things into shape during another song-and-dance number. Noo Hin also has time for romance, meeting Tong, who she sees at the house next door, working in the garden. She strikes up a friendship with him and makes him her special som tam. She is disappointed to find out later, however, that he is actually the son of the home's owners, and not a gardener from Isan. With the housework in order and the family happy, Noo Hin sets her sights on her next project – making Milk and Som-O famous. So Noo Hin secretly enters both the girls in a \"super model\" contest, an idea that Milk and Som-O are angry about at first, but their social-climbing mother soon warms up to it. At the contest, the girls catch the eye of a French designer's assistant, much to the dismay of jealous supermodel Sonia. But the event is marred when Noo Hin catches a young man snapping mobile phone camera pictures of Milk in her dressing room. Noo Hin accuses the man, but he turns out to be the son of an influential member of society (a hi-so, in Thai slang), and the case is swept under the rug and Noo Hin forced to apologize. Still, both Milk and Som-O are sought after by the French designer, and as the sisters are being driven to another modeling appointment, they are kidnapped and held in a love hotel. Noo Hin, meanwhile, is spirited away to a sweatshop factory where Isan women are forced to sew stuffed animals under the supervision of men in black to the beat of a DJ playing techno. Eventually, Noo Hin is able to charm one of the guards (who turns out to be an Isan native) and mount a rescue of the enslaved factory workers, while neighbor Tong tracks down Milk's and Som-O's whereabouts. They make it to the modelling engagement in time, only to be confronted by supermodel Sonia, who it turns out was the mastermind of the kidnapping. She is further exposed in front of the fashion designer, when it is revealed that she wears silicone falsies. Milk and Som-O are then chosen to be the lead models for a new line of clothes by the French designer, which it turn out, have been inspired by Noo Hin's indigenous wardrobe. They are to be flown to France for further assignments, and Noo Hin will go along with them, likely stirring up trouble wherever she goes. Created around 1994 by cartoonist Padung Kraisri, Noo Hin is a loyal, hard-working domestic worker from Ubon Ratchathani (where Padung Kraisri also hails from). The character first appeared in the Banlue Sarn company’s monthly comic book \"Cartoon Maha Sanook\". In 2004, Noo Hin was spun off into her own series of graphic novels (called \"pocket book\" in Thailand), \"Noo Hin Inter\", a black-and-white publication that sells for 12 baht and the full-color \"Noo Hin in the City\", which sells for 50 baht. They are published by Vithita Animation. Noo Hin’s name in her northeastern Thai dialect suggests a bad smell. She is short with a square face and flat nose – in complete contrast to her employer, Milk, who is tall, with a round face, pointed nose, and light skin, with a name that suggests whiteness and purity. The humorous situations are usually slapstick in nature have mostly have to do with Noo Hin's ignorance of modern, urban life. But Noo Hin always prevails, thanks to her traditional, rural wisdom and resourcefulness. If she has a superpower, it's an ability to make a delicious som tam and wield her pungent fish sauce as a secret weapon. In addition, both Milk and her older sister, Som-O (Pomelo), have exaggerated breasts, which is similar to characters in Japanese manga, but the \"Noo Hin\" comics are not pornographic nor do they contain violence or sexual innuendo. Actresses Kochakorn Suppakarnkitjakul and Panisa Buacharoen, who portrayed Milk and Som-O, respectively, wore silicone falsies to boost up their breast sizes, but some fans of the comic complained that the character's breasts weren't prominent enough, compared to the characters in the comic. The movie was received poorly by audiences and critics in Thailand. Distributor Sahamongkol Film International hoped to earn 80 million baht. But after a strong opening weekend in which it earned 22 million baht, it left cinemas after earning just 51.8 million. The movie was budgeted at 40 million baht. This was despite the movie being based on a popular comic, having a director who had directed two hit films (Komgrit Triwimol who co-directed \"Fan Chan\" and his solo debut \"Dear Dakanda\") and a well-known screenwriter (Kongdej Jaturanrasamee), and produced by an influential filmmaker, Nonzee Nimibutr. A lack of cohesion in the storytelling and inexperienced actors were cited the main reasons for the disappointing results. A soundtrack album of music from film was released by Sony BMG Music Entertainment (Thailand). It includes mor lam and pop songs sung by popular singer-actress Janet Kiew and composed for the film by Kongdej Jaturanrasamee, as well as tracks by the movie's leading actress Runglawan Thonahongsa and Tata Young. Noo Hin: The Movie Noo Hin:" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Kentucky Court of Appeals The Kentucky Court of Appeals is the lower of Kentucky's two appellate courts, under the Kentucky Supreme Court. Prior to a 1975 amendment to the Kentucky Constitution the Kentucky Court of Appeals was the only appellate court in Kentucky. The Court of Appeals has 14 members. Two members are elected from each of seven districts and serve eight-year terms of office. The Kentucky Court of Appeals judges are elected from districts that mirror the seven districts which elect the seven justices of the Supreme Court of Kentucky. The 14 judges select one colleague to serve as chief judge for a four-year term. The chief judge assigns judges and cases to panels. The current chief judge is Denise G. Clayton. The court usually sits in three judge panels. Membership of the panels rotate so that all judges sit on at least one panel with each of their colleagues in any given year. Usually one judge is chosen to author the majority opinion for each panel in a particular case. The Kentucky Court of Appeals has a headquarters building and courtroom in Frankfort, the state capital, but unlike the Kentucky Supreme Court, the three-judge panels of the Kentucky Court of Appeals frequently hear cases in courthouses all over Kentucky. The Kentucky Court of Appeals hears appeals from the Kentucky Circuit Courts, with the exception of criminal cases involving sentences of death, life imprisonment, or imprisonment of twenty years or more, in which appeals are taken directly to the Kentucky Supreme Court. In addition, original actions may be filed with the Kentucky Court of Appeals in certain situations. Prior to the 1975 constitutional amendment the Clerk of the Court of Appeals was an elected position. This elected position was abolished by the 1975 constitutional amendment. Former governor Martha Layne Collins served as Clerk of the Court of Appeals before her election as Lieutenant Governor and Governor of Kentucky. Judges were elected on a partisan ballot until 1976; a law now mandates nonpartisan judicial elections in Kentucky. Kentucky Court of Appeals The Kentucky Court of Appeals is the lower of Kentucky's two appellate courts, under the Kentucky Supreme Court. Prior to a 1975 amendment to the Kentucky Constitution the Kentucky Court of Appeals was the only appellate court in Kentucky. The Court of Appeals has 14 members. Two members are elected from each of seven districts and serve eight-year terms" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Francis Dunnery Francis \"Frank\" Dunnery (born 25 December 1962) is an English musician, singer-songwriter, record producer and record label owner. Dunnery was originally the frontman for British prog-pop band It Bites, working with the band between 1982 and 1990 (during which he co-wrote and sang their No. 6 UK hit single, \"Calling All the Heroes\"). Since 1990 Dunnery has pursued a solo career, and has owned and run his own Aquarian Nation record label since 2001. In addition, he has performed as a sideman and musical contributor for artists as diverse as Robert Plant, Ian Brown, Lauryn Hill, Santana and Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe. He has worked as producer and/or collaborator with David Sancious, Chris Difford (of \"Squeeze\"), James Sonefeld (Hootie and the Blowfish), Erin Moran, Steven Harris (ex-The Cult, Zodiac Mindwarp and the Love Reaction), and Ashley Reaks (Younger Younger 28s). Dunnery was one of the candidates invited to audition as a lead singer and frontman for Genesis following Phil Collins' departure in 1996 (although the position ultimately went to Ray Wilson). He also played in the reformed 1960s beat/prog band The Syn between 2008 and mid-2009. Dunnery's musical approach is diverse. His early musical influences were progressive rock (with Genesis being a particular inspiration) and jazz-rock fusion musicians including John McLaughlin, Soft Machine, Focus, Return to Forever and Jeff Beck. His 1980s work with It Bites mixed an outright love of varied pop music with a solid grounding in progressive rock and hard rock. His solo work has continued to express these influences but added further elements including soul, disco, folk music, blues, hip-hop beats, chamber pop and electronica. During the late 1980s Dunnery acquired a reputation as an up-and-coming British guitar hero based on his aggressive and dramatic playing style (which merged diverse hard rock, pop and funk stylings with a fluid, spiralling hammer-on lead-guitar technique inspired by Allan Holdsworth). He has criticised his lead guitar approach at that time as having been immature and has sometimes affectionately parodied it, most notably on his live album \"Hometown 2001\". He mastered jazz, classical and country fingerpicking to serve the arrangements for his songs. Aside from singing and playing the guitar, Dunnery plays drums, bass guitar, organ, various keyboards, percussion and the Tapboard (a guitar-related instrument). He plays the majority of the instrumental parts on his records. Francis Dunnery grew up as part of a musical family in the small Cumberland town of Egremont (at 28 Queens Drive on the Gulley Flats estate). He is the younger son of Charlie Dunnery (a former member of the Jimmy Shand band), and his wife, Kathleen, both now deceased. Frank displayed an interest in music from an early age, showing promise as an embryonic drummer, with his mother later recalling that \"he was always drumming with his hands. Asking him what he wanted for his tea, he'd be drumming on something the whole time.\" His elder brother Barry \"Baz\" Dunnery (whom Frank cites as his greatest single influence) was a highly regarded rock guitarist who played with heavy rock band Necromandus and subsequently Ozzy Osbourne's first post-Black Sabbath band (preceding the formation of the Randy Rhoads-led \"Blizzard of Oz\" band) and the ELO-spinoff Violinski. The brothers remained close until Baz's death in June 2008, and Baz would join Frank onstage on several occasions. Dunnery has described his family home as having been like \"a bustling café\" full of musicians and family friends of all generations, and recalls \"my Mam and Dad were the greatest. They were kind, funny and gracious in a working class way. They were giving people. They had a way about them that made everyone feel welcome in our home ... My Mam and Dad would feed them great food, share cigarettes and partake in humorous and interesting conversation.\" Unfortunately, Dunnery's childhood was blighted by his parents' mutual alcoholism. He once described them as \"binge drinkers, two weeks on and two months off... Once my Mam and Dad started drinking alcohol I never knew what was going to happen. Everything seems to happen fast. One minute it was paradise and the next minute it was sheer hell. It was horrific. ... Anyone who has lived under this nervousness will know exactly what I mean. I lived under this constant threat all my life.\" From the age of eleven, Frank spent four days a week living by himself on a trailer park to avoid problems at home, going to school during the day and bolstering his independence and living expenses by working as a musician at night. His first professional work was as half of an early teens duo with his friend Peter Lockhart which played local venues including the Tarnside Caravan Club and various cabaret venues. He recalls \"we were the cute little duo that would open up for the main act... I would just bash along as Peter sang Elvis songs and played the organ.\" Adding guitar and singing to his musical skills, Dunnery moved on to other projects of varying levels of commitment – \"I played in a few local bands and with lots of different musicians, especially a group called Waving at Trains I was in with Don Mackay, who is a fantastic musician. He wrote some really good songs, too.\" Waving At Trains featured Mackay as frontman, Dunnery on lead guitar and vocals, and Glyn Davies and Frank Hall on bass guitar and drums respectively (both of the latter having also played in bands with Frank's brother Barry, including Necromandus and Nerves). Regarding this period, Dunnery would later comment \"There was no one I could rely on... I somehow made sure that I had other places to live and spend my time (talk about the power of the human spirit) because I couldn't bear to be at home when my parents were drinking. I can still remember the smell of the house when my parents were drowning in hops. To this day the smell of Carlsberg Special Brew makes me want to vomit.\" In later years, Dunnery would himself drink heavily and eventually succumb to alcoholism (finally overcoming his addiction in the early 1990s). Many of his songs would reference his struggles with alcoholism and the behaviour that surrounded it. In 1982, when he was nineteen, Dunnery formed the rock band It Bites (taking the role of lead singer and guitarist). The other members of the band were his Egremont schoolfriends Bob Dalton (drums, vocals) and Dick Nolan (bass, vocals) plus John Beck (keyboards, vocals) who came from Mirehouse; a suburb of Whitehaven. Following a career playing the pub and youth club circuit the band temporarily split, with Dunnery moving to London. The band reformed some time later and left Egremont entirely to relocate to London in 1984, eventually signing a record contract with Virgin Records. Playing an unfashionable but energetic blend of progressive rock, hard rock and pure pop, It Bites released three studio albums, \"The Big Lad in the Windmill\" (1986), \"Once Around the World\" (1988) and the critically acclaimed \"Eat Me in St Louis\" (1989). It Bites' biggest hit single was \"Calling All The Heroes\" in 1986, which reached No. 6 in the UK Singles Chart. During their lifetime, It Bites became a successful band (able to fill the Hammersmith Odeon in London and undertaking tours with The Beach Boys and Jethro Tull). It Bites split up in 1990 in Los Angeles on the eve of recording their fourth studio album. Various factors were cited in the break-up, which Dunnery recalls as being a case of the fact that \"the band had come to the end. It was a natural process. We fell out over a few things, there wasn't one big issue or problem, it was daft little things. We had just drifted apart. It wasn't anyone's fault, but we split.\" Following Dunnery's departure, It Bites briefly continued with a new frontman (Lee Knott) and a succession of new names (Navajo Kiss, Sister Sarah) but split up after failing to sign a new recording deal. A", "Singles Chart. During their lifetime, It Bites became a successful band (able to fill the Hammersmith Odeon in London and undertaking tours with The Beach Boys and Jethro Tull). It Bites split up in 1990 in Los Angeles on the eve of recording their fourth studio album. Various factors were cited in the break-up, which Dunnery recalls as being a case of the fact that \"the band had come to the end. It was a natural process. We fell out over a few things, there wasn't one big issue or problem, it was daft little things. We had just drifted apart. It wasn't anyone's fault, but we split.\" Following Dunnery's departure, It Bites briefly continued with a new frontman (Lee Knott) and a succession of new names (Navajo Kiss, Sister Sarah) but split up after failing to sign a new recording deal. A post-breakup It Bites live album (drawn mainly from 1989 concerts) called \"Thank You and Goodnight,\" was released in 1991. Following the 1990 break-up of It Bites, Dunnery settled in Los Angeles, indulging what he later acknowledged to be a disastrously hedonistic lifestyle. During this period he recorded his first solo album, \"Welcome to the Wild Country\", which was released on Virgin Records in 1991. Produced by David Hentschel, this was a much more rough-and-ready album than the heavily engineered and technically fastidious It Bites records, consisting mostly of hard rock songs performed by a power trio (although the record did also contain an extended blues-jam song and a keyboard-heavy ballad called \"Jackal in Your Mind\"). The record enjoyed little success, being released only in Japan. (He regained the rights in 2001, re-issuing it on Aquarian Nation Records.) He has since described \"Welcome to the Wild Country\" as \"having been recorded at a time when I didn't know who I was\" although he disinterred the album and its songs for a tour over ten years later. Towards the end of his time in Los Angeles, Dunnery addressed his drugs and alcohol problems and cleaned up his lifestyle. He has subsequently been open about his problems with alcohol addiction and drug abuse during this period, and a number of his songs refer to the effects that these experiences have had on his life. In 1993 Dunnery returned to the UK and took up the position of guitarist in former Led Zeppelin singer Robert Plant's live band. He performed on several tracks on Plant's 1993 album \"Fate of Nations\" and played on the accompanying world tour, acting as Plant's main onstage foil. Plant made a guest appearance on Dunnery's second solo album, \"Fearless\", which was released on Atlantic Records in 1994. This performed considerably better than its predecessor, and showed a much broader range of styles. \"American Life in the Summertime,\" the lead single from the album, received considerable airplay in the States. Dunnery promoted \"Fearless\" with his first solo tour of the UK (an all-acoustic affair in small venues). The Glasgow date of the tour was recorded for a live album, \"One Night in Sauchiehall Street\", which was released on the tiny Cottage Industry label in 1995. This album documented Dunnery's change to an acoustic approach, playing solo accompanied only by occasional second guitarist and harmony singer Ashley Reakes (later to briefly find success as the prime mover behind Younger Younger 28s). It was also the first evidence on record of Dunnery's live approach as raconteur as well as musician (which incorporated a surprising degree of confessional story, philosophical musing and salty stand-up comedy). By 1995, Dunnery had relocated yet again, this time to New York City. His third studio album – \"Tall Blonde Helicopter\" – was released on Atlantic that year, and abandoned the predominantly pop-oriented sound of Fearless in favour of an eclectic mixture of soft ballads and acoustic rockers. It also displayed a much greater confidence in songwriting. In 1996, Dunnery was approached to audition as lead singer for his old heroes Genesis, but ended up continuing with his existing solo career. Dissatisfied with Atlantic's promotion of his work (and beginning to suspect that he would need to take more responsibility for making things work in the future) he formed a power trio which played various dates in America. The sound of this band was captured on Dunnery's next album \"Let's Go Do What Happens\" (1998), released on Razor and Tie Records whose limited resources caused \"Let's Go Do What Happens\" to be initially only released in the United States. During this period, Dunnery also played on Lauryn Hill's 1998 debut album \"The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill\", and Carlos Santana's 1999 comeback album \"Supernatural\". Increasingly dissatisfied with the music industry, Dunnery went into semi-retirement as a musician later in 1998 and set up a new home in the Vermont mountains with his girlfriend, Helena Faccenda. Francis Dunnery biography , Aquarian Nation homepage</ref> where he devoted the next few years to breeding and training horses (for which he studied under John Lyons, the \"horse whisperer\") as well as carpentry, astrology, and Jungian psychology. Dunnery continued to write songs as and when the inspiration took him. He has sometime commented that his songwriting is a periodic activity, stating in a 2009 interview with the PhillyBurbs online newspaper: \"I cannot write songs on a nine-to-five basis. At the risk of sounding pretentious, my songs come from somewhere else and I have to wait for them, so it's not up to me when I receive them. When the songs start to come, they all come at the same time. I may get 20 songs in three to four days and then it all stops again.\" In 2000, inspired by watching a televised Shakti concert (featuring his old hero John McLaughlin), Dunnery later admitted he \"realised there was still a musician in me, and that I had to be as true to that side of my character as I was being to the other sides.\" He decided to re-engage with the music business, although this time he decided to do it entirely on his own terms and to take as much responsibility for the outcome as he could. His first step was to refresh himself by returning to the UK for the first time in five years to play a few concerts, and his second step was to set up his own internet-based record label, Aquarian Nation, with the intention of releasing his future albums on it (as well as albums by other artists). For the UK tour, Dunnery formed a new backing band called The Grass Virgins, featuring second guitarist Dave Colquhoun, bass guitarist Matt Pegg, and singer/keyboard player Erin Moran. Surprised and gratified that he remained a live draw popular enough to sell out venues, Dunnery returned soon afterwards for a much larger tour and support slots with Hootie and the Blowfish. The Grass Virgins continued as his back-up band over the next few years, despite changes in the line-up (John Dunnery would replace Colquhoun, John Williams and Wayne Wilkinson joined on keyboards and laptop respectively, and Dorie Jackson replaced Erin Moran). The first Aquarian Nation release was Dunnery's comeback album, \"Man\", released in 2001. Recorded in Vermont (USA) and Oswestry (UK), the album's music developed some of the electronic aspects of \"Let's Go Do What Happens\" (via keyboards and programming by Dunnery and his brother-in-law Dave McCracken, but featured much more acoustic instrumentation (guitars and cellos), a strong vocal interplay between Dunnery and Moran, and pared-down percussion (with almost no drums and with the rhythmic drive provided primarily by Matt Pegg's bass guitar). \"Man\" was also Dunnery's most personal and direct album to date, heavily influenced by autobiographical and spiritual matters (in particular parenthood, manhood and reflections on finding a sense of home as well as featuring a strong element of Jungian psychology). During 2002, Dunnery made several albums released on Aquarian Nation. In addition to releasing Dunnery's own records the label had been set up to release records by other", "of \"Let's Go Do What Happens\" (via keyboards and programming by Dunnery and his brother-in-law Dave McCracken, but featured much more acoustic instrumentation (guitars and cellos), a strong vocal interplay between Dunnery and Moran, and pared-down percussion (with almost no drums and with the rhythmic drive provided primarily by Matt Pegg's bass guitar). \"Man\" was also Dunnery's most personal and direct album to date, heavily influenced by autobiographical and spiritual matters (in particular parenthood, manhood and reflections on finding a sense of home as well as featuring a strong element of Jungian psychology). During 2002, Dunnery made several albums released on Aquarian Nation. In addition to releasing Dunnery's own records the label had been set up to release records by other musicians, pursuing a cooperative approach with a degree of profit share and with all Aquarian Nation musicians contributing to each other's recordings. The label had a mission statement to \"help support and promote artistic integrity\" and went on to sign up to an ongoing partnership with Flying Spot Entertainment for the creation of original film/video programming. The first of these releases was Chris Difford (ex-Squeeze)'s \"I Didn't Get Where I Am\". In keeping with the Aquarian Nation method, Dunnery played on the record, and also produced and co-wrote the material with Difford. which Dunnery also toured as part of Difford's band to promote the album, playing on a tour with Chris Rea and Elvis Costello. The next Aquarian Nation releases developed the label's tone as a platform for songs of a more personal nature. The first of these was \"Nearly Killed Keith\" (the debut album by John & Wayne, aka John Dunnery and Wayne Wilkinson from The Grass Virgins), a collection of folk-tinged songs drawn from the duo's day-jobs as jobbing carpenters in the building industry. This was followed by \"Songs From the Mission of Hope\", the debut album by Stephen Harris, who wrote an atypically quiet, mediative and predominantly acoustic album dealing with his own chequered history as an adoptee. Once again, Dunnery produced and co-wrote both albums (and played various instruments on them including keyboards, guitars and drums). Dunnery's next major British concert (at the Union Chapel, London, 2003) was in part a showcase for Aquarian Nation, featuring performances by Dunnery, Stephen Harris, John & Wayne (with Dorie Jackson), plus a guest appearance by Chris Difford. The concert finale was a two-song It Bites reunion, with Dunnery playing \"Hunting the Whale\" as a duet with John Beck and the whole band playing \"Still Too Young to Remember.\" The event was recorded and released on DVD as \"Live at the Union Chapel\" (credited to Francis Dunnery & Friends) in 2004, with a wider release the following year. By this time, Frank was based in Pennsylvania, studying for a psychology degree at Goddard University, and doing session and production work to developing Aquarian Nation as a company. In newsletters, he promised that his next three projects would be a solo album, Dorie Jackson's debut album and new recordings with the reunited It Bites. In 2005, Dunnery released the first of these, a solo double album called \"The Gulley Flats Boys\", a more sedate and acoustic album than its predecessor, featuring next to no drum or percussion parts and sparse use of electric guitar. It was recorded by Dunnery with piano/keyboard player David Sancious and Dorie Jackson on backing vocals. Dunnery acknowledged the album was the product of a mid-life crisis, but embraced the fact. In 2005, Dunnery embarked on a \"house concert\" world tour, suggesting to fans that they book him to perform in their own homes for a paying audience, in a drug and alcohol-free environment. The concept proved to be very popular, not least with Dunnery himself, who has described them as \"phenomenally successful.\" Dunnery continues to perform house concerts to this day and describes a typical performance as \"\"(showing up)\" as a friend – you can't show up as a rock dude or something – and it's just me and my acoustic guitar, no amplification, singing my songs and holding a 90-minute lecture on the human condition. I sing songs and tell stories of my life. It's not a party; it's more like going to church, but church with swearing!... \"(There is)\" an exchange of energy that I call a 'jacuzzi'. At the end of 90 minutes, everybody has dropped their ego. They don't even realise that has happened, but they have gradually taken off their clothes and gone into that energetic jacuzzi together. Something like that is a lot harder to achieve in a rock music arena.\" In 2006, it was confirmed that the reunion of the original It Bites line-up had foundered and that Dunnery had been replaced by singer and guitarist John Mitchell (Frost, Kino). In October 2007 Dunnery released a free download of a song called \"Feels Like Summertime,\" which had initially been written for It Bites shortly before the band's original split in 1990 and was reworked as part of the unsuccessful 2003 reunion. Dunnery had rearranged and reworked the song for a third time (with new players), and made it available to promote a full-band \"electric\" tour which – although based mostly around his 1991 solo album \"Welcome to the Wild Country\" – featured several It Bites songs. In 2008, Dunnery continued to perform numerous solo performances and house concerts, this time centred on material from \"Tall Blonde Helicopter\". His summer and fall schedule included a full-band tour, culminating in a performance in Seattle which was recorded by Flying Spot, Inc. for subsequent release as a special edition concert/documentary DVD. (Originally scheduled for a 2009 release and titled \"Louder Than Usual\", this was finally released in September 2010 as a DVD with accompanying CD) Earlier that year, Dunnery released an \"official video bootleg\" DVD from the 2001 \"Man\" tour, titled \"In The Garden of Mystic Lovers\". Later, he produced and played on \"Snowman Melting\", the first solo album by James Sonefeld of Hootie and the Blowfish. Dunnery would join singer Steve Nardelli's revived 1960s progressive rock/beat band The Syn as guitarist, playing alongside Nardelli, keyboard player Tom Brislin and bass player Jamie Bishop as well as two members of American progressive rock band Echolyn (guitarist Brett Kull and drummer Paul Ramsey). Dunnery also brought in his backing vocal foil Dorie Jackson. He was musical director for the band's 2009 album \"Big Sky\". This line-up of The Syn began an American tour in April 2009 but broke up after six dates. Dunnery announced the formation of his \"New Progressives\" project, which had two stated aims – the first to reclaim and rework the songs Dunnery had written with It Bites, and the second to develop a new approach to progressive rock. The project was to feature a core band centred on Dunnery plus the involvement of various collaborators from various periods of progressive rock history. The core band featured Dunnery on lead vocals, guitar, keyboards and tapboard and drew on the same line-up he had assembled for The Syn the previous year, minus Nardelli (Tom Brislin, Jamie Bishop, Dorie Jackson, Brett Kull and Paul Ramsey). Dunnery's next album, \"There's a Whole New World Out There\", released on 3 October 2009, was centred on the New Progressives (plus guests) and featured a succession of reworking of old It Bites songs, plus a variety of similarly rearranged cover versions. The New Progressives toured the UK, American and Australia to promote the record, with guest appearances from other musicians where possible. In 2009, Jem Godfrey (Frost) announced on the Frost* Forum that he and Dunnery had both contributed solos to the title track of Big Big Train's upcoming album, \"The Underfall Yard\". On 12 August 2011, Dunnery released a new album called \"Made in Space\" (which was written and recorded in a contemporary R'n'B style) and took out an accompanying \"Astrology", "Dorie Jackson, Brett Kull and Paul Ramsey). Dunnery's next album, \"There's a Whole New World Out There\", released on 3 October 2009, was centred on the New Progressives (plus guests) and featured a succession of reworking of old It Bites songs, plus a variety of similarly rearranged cover versions. The New Progressives toured the UK, American and Australia to promote the record, with guest appearances from other musicians where possible. In 2009, Jem Godfrey (Frost) announced on the Frost Forum that he and Dunnery had both contributed solos to the title track of Big Big Train's upcoming album, \"The Underfall Yard\". On 12 August 2011, Dunnery released a new album called \"Made in Space\" (which was written and recorded in a contemporary R'n'B style) and took out an accompanying \"Astrology Theater Show \" tour of the UK, which featured himself and Dorie Jackson. He also announced that he would be recorded a cover version of Peter Gabriel's \"The Rhythm of the Heat\" as part of Sonic Elements, a new \"fantasy rock\" band put together by Dave Kerzner. In 2012, Dunnery made a guest appearance on Steve Hackett's album \"Genesis Revisited II\", singing on two tracks – \"Dancing With the Moonlit Knight\" and \"Supper's Ready\" (the \"As Sure As Eggs Is Eggs (Aching Men's Feet)\" section) – as well as contributing additional guitar. Dunnery also made a guest appearance on Hackett's subsequent \"Genesis Revisited\" tour, singing at the Arcada Theater show in St Charles, Illinois on 20 September 2013, and at the Scottish Rites Auditorium in Collingswood, NJ 27 March 2014, where he sang much-loved Genesis favourite, \"Dancing with the Moonlit Knight.\" From late 2012 to autumn 2013, Dunnery worked on a very different but equally personal project, recording a set of songs originally written by his late brother Barry's 1970s hard rock band Necromandus. The resulting album, \"Frankenstein Monster\", was released by Aquarian Nation on 16 October 2013. Regarding the album, Dunnery commented: \"\"I must say that this has been one hell of a journey both emotionally and musically. I learned so much about my brother during the making of this album and so much about myself ... Listening back now as it comes into focus I am very pleased and proud of the results. We have kept very close to the originals, sometimes exact and where it need a little more musicality or space we were smart enough to add our own parts without ruining the song. I know exactly what Baz would have liked so I only added things I know he would have liked. Paul Brown and Sconna [John Dunnery] were with me all the way, they both worked their arses off for months on end. Tony Beard was a star. He completely kept the youthful enthusiasm that [former Necromandus drummer] Frank Hall had yet also added a little more pocket and musicality to the tunes.\"\" For late 2013, Dunnery put together The Sensational Francis Dunnery Electric Band, which toured both Necromandus songs and songs from the Francis Dunnery back catalogue. The band also featured on Dunnery's 2016 release \"Vampires\", an album of re-recorded It Bites songs. Since January 2016, Dunnery has presented a weekly radio show, called 'The Francis Dunnery Radio show', on British progressive rock radio station Progzilla Radio. Dunnery has three daughters and a son from three different relationships. One of his daughters, Francine Nicholson, who he had with Jackie O'sullivan, still lives in Cumbria where she works as a beauty therapist. He married American singer Julie Daniels (frontwoman of the rock band Star 69) on 8 December 1990 in Las Vegas, Nevada. After the marriage he started a relationship with Helena Faccenda, which songs like \"I'm in love\" on the man album were dedicated to. During their relationship they had a daughter, Ava Faccenda-Dunnery, in 1999. Around 2004 He met his girlfriend Erica Brilhart. During their relationship they had two kids, Elsie (2012) and Frankie(2015)Dunnery. The marriage ended in divorce. Dunnery's nephew, John Dunnery (Barry Dunnery's son, and currently half of the folk-rock duo John & Wayne), has contributed to his uncle's live concerts and recordings. In 2002, Dunnery founded the Charlie and Kathleen Dunnery Children's Fund, a volunteer-run fundraising charity based in his hometown of Egremont, and named in honour of his late parents. Explaining his reasons for setting up the charity, Dunnery has said \"My mother was a wonderful woman... so this is my way of honouring her and my dad. A line in one of my songs is that the only thing you get to keep is what you give away – I like that idea. I think that by the time you are 40 if you aren't doing something to help others then you probably should be. People take all the time and I think it is nice to put something back.\" The fund raises money for projects and activities supporting the health, wellness and educational needs of children and young people in the Egremont area. He continues to support the charity via regular concerts in Egremont as well as participation in and publicity for various sponsored events. In October 2012, a group of Dunnery fans collaborated on the tribute album Green And White Stripes. 14 songs, mainly from his solo career, are covered, in various styles, often differing markedly from the original. The profits from album sales go to the CKDCF. Francis Dunnery Francis \"Frank\" Dunnery (born 25 December 1962) is an English musician, singer-songwriter, record producer and record label owner. Dunnery was originally the frontman for British prog-pop band It Bites, working with the band between" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Del bell'idolo mio Del bell'idolo mio (HWV 104) is a dramatic secular cantata for soprano written by Georg Frideric Handel in 1707-09. Other catalogues of Handel's music have referred to the work as HG l,48 (there is no HHA designation of the work). The title of the cantata translates as \"Of my beautiful idol\". The copyist's bill for Ruspoli is dated 31 August 1709 however there is no evidence that Handel was still in Rome at that time. Some aspects of the manuscript connect the cantata with others that were written in the spring of 1707. The cantata describes the quest of the singer as he ventures into the Underworld to rescue the soul of his beloved Nice. The work is scored for solo soprano and keyboard (with scattered figured bass markings). The cantata contains three recitative-aria pairings. A typical performance of the work takes almost eleven minutes. The work consists of six movements: Del bell'idolo mio Del bell'idolo mio (HWV 104) is a dramatic secular cantata for soprano written by Georg Frideric Handel in 1707-09. Other catalogues of Handel's music have referred to the work as HG l,48 (there is no HHA designation of the work). The title of" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Joseph A. Burke Joseph Aloysius Burke (August 27, 1886 – October 16, 1962) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as bishop of the Diocese of Buffalo, New York from 1952 until his death in 1962. Joseph Burke was born in Buffalo, New York, to Joseph S. and Amelia (née Howard) Burke. The son of a boilermaker, he wanted to enter the priesthood since the age of six. He attended Canisius High School and Canisius College, both in his native city. He made his theological studies at the University of Innsbruck in Austria. Returning to Buffalo, he was ordained a priest by Bishop Charles H. Colton on August 3, 1912. During World War I, he served as an Army chaplain with the 91st Division on the Belgian front. He served as a curate and pastor in the Diocese of Buffalo, and as a teacher at Mount Carmel Guild and at D'Youville College. On April 20, 1943, Burke was appointed titular bishop of \"Vita\" and the first auxiliary bishop of Buffalo by Pope Pius XII. He received his episcopal consecration on the following June 29 from Archbishop Amleto Giovanni Cicognani, with Archbishop Thomas Walsh and Bishop Edmund Gibbons serving as co-consecrators. He selected as his episcopal motto, \"\"Let Your Will Be Done\"\". Following the death of Bishop John A. Duffy in September 1944, he served as apostolic administrator of the diocese until the appointment of Bishop John Francis O'Hara in March 1945. When O'Hara was later promoted to Archbishop of Philadelphia, Burke was named to succeed him as the ninth Bishop of Buffalo on February 9, 1952. He was the first native son of the diocese to become its bishop. His installation took place on the following April 30. During his 10-year-long administration, he gave his support to various groups, including the Holy Name Society, missions, the Pre-Cana program, Puerto Rican migrants, and displaced persons. He also continued the expansion and construction of educational institutions, including St. John Vianney Seminary (later renamed Christ the King Seminary) in East Aurora. He was made an Assistant at the Pontifical Throne in 1956, and a Commander of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic in 1960. At age 76, Burke died in Rome during the first week of the Second Vatican Council. His death was the first among the bishops attending the Council. He is buried in the chapel of Christ the King Seminary in East Aurora. Joseph A. Burke Joseph Aloysius Burke (August 27, 1886 – October 16, 1962) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as bishop of the Diocese of Buffalo, New York from 1952 until his death in 1962. Joseph Burke was born in Buffalo, New York, to Joseph S. and Amelia (née Howard) Burke. The son of a boilermaker, he wanted to enter the priesthood since the age of six. He attended Canisius High School and Canisius College, both in his native city. He made his theological studies at the" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "George Chubb, 4th Baron Hayter George William Michael Chubb, 4th Baron Hayter (born 9 October 1943) is a British businessman. He is the son of George Charles Hayter Chubb, 3rd Baron Hayter (1911-2003), and the great-great-great grandson of Charles Chubb (1772–1845), who had founded Chubb and Sons Lock and Safe Co. Chubb, known as Bill, joined the family business in 1967 as assistant to the Managing Director of Chubb Australia in Sydney. After six months he returned to the UK and over the next four years he worked in Wolverhampton with various departments including Production Control and Chubb Research before his appointment as Managing Director of Chubb Malaysia/Singapore in 1972. He returned to Sydney in 1979, this time as MD of Chubb Australia. In 1983 he moved to the Chubb Group Head Office in Feltham, Middlesex as Director of Business Development, Physical Security, just one year before the acquisition of Chubb by Racal Electronics. He left Racal - Chubb in 1988. Since 1991 he has held directorships with United Electronic Lock Services Limited. Chubb was educated at Marlborough College, Marlborough, Wiltshire, and Nottingham University, graduating with a BSc. He married Waltraud Flackl, daughter of J. Flackl of Sydney, New South Wales, on 8 January 1983. They have one son. Chubb succeeded to the title of 4th Baron Hayter, of Chislehurst in the County of Kent, on the death of his father on 2 September 2003. As of 31 July 2012 the claimed present holder of the barony has not successfully proven his succession to the baronetcy \"Chubb, of Newlands\" and is therefore not on the Official Roll of the Baronetage. However, the case is under review by the Registrar of the Baronetage. George Chubb, 4th Baron Hayter George William Michael Chubb, 4th Baron Hayter (born 9 October 1943) is a" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Kongbap Kongbap is a Korean dish consisting of white or brown rice cooked together with one or more varieties of beans (and sometimes also other grains). \"Kongbap\" may be made from scratch by combining and cooking together dried rice and beans, although it is also commercially available in premixed packages in dried form in grocery stores throughout Korea, as well as in Korean grocery stores in other nations. Although the exact mixture may vary, typical ingredients include short-grain brown rice, green peas, azuki beans, black soybeans, Job's tears, black glutinous rice, barley, and sorghum. Another typical mixture consists only of white rice and green peas. The dried \"kongbap\" mixture is generally soaked in water for several hours or overnight before cooking, in order to ease the softening process of the beans while cooking. Although it is generally acknowledged as a healthful and nutritious food, \"kongbap\" was not universally enjoyed as it was associated with imprisonment. \"Kongbap\" had long been a staple of Korean prison food. The Korean phrase \"kongbap meokda\" (콩밥 먹다; literally \"to eat \"kongbap\"\") translates colloquially as \"to be imprisoned.\" This is similar to a phrase in England with the same meaning: \"to do porridge.\" However, with a recent health food trend in South Korea, the popularity of beans has risen and \"kongbap\" is more commonly eaten in Korean households than before. Kongbap Kongbap is a Korean dish consisting of white or brown rice cooked together with one or more varieties of beans (and sometimes also other grains). \"Kongbap\" may be made from scratch by combining and cooking together dried rice and beans, although it is also commercially available in premixed packages in dried form in grocery stores throughout Korea, as well as in Korean grocery stores in other nations. Although the exact mixture may vary, typical ingredients" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Duke of Saint-Cloud The title of Duke of Saint-Cloud was created in 1674. The intention behind the creation was to provide a noble title to be held by the Archbishop of Paris for the time being. The Bishop of Paris had only received the title Archbishop in relatively recent times, on October 20, 1622, so as to recognize the emergence of Paris as the royal capital. It was common enough in France for a number of bishoprics to be joined automatically to a noble title. There were, for example, the Bishop-Count of Beauvais, the Bishop-Count of Châlons and the Bishop-Count of Noyon. In this way, the incumbents of three ancient bishoprics in the kingdom had along with the title of the ecclesiastical see also the secular noble title of Duke and peer of France, the latter being a particularly high distinction for a restricted circle of the nobility. The three cases prior to 1674 were the Archbishop of Rheims and the Bishops of Laon and Langres. To these was added, then, the case of the archbishopric of Paris. In the existing cases, the title of the dukedom was the same as the bishopric. Presumably in the case of Paris, it seemed inappropriate for the bishop of the royal capital be \"Duke of Paris\" and so the dukedom or duchy created was given an alternative name. So it was that in 1674 the domain and lordships of Saint-Cloud, Maisons-Alfort, Créteil, Ozoir-la-Ferrière, and Armentières-en-Brie were erected into a duchy of Saint-Cloud, although the title was not registered in the parlement until 1690. The first to bear the title was François de Harlay de Champvalon, who had been Archbishop since 1671. It was then held by his successors at Paris till the Revolution. These four dukedoms, not being hereditary, did not become extinct on the death of the holder, but were assumed by the legitimate successor to the bishopric. However, all four dukedoms or duchies, along with the entire Peerage of France, were abolished during the French Revolution, on August 4, 1789, the Night of the Abolition of Feudalism. Duke of Saint-Cloud The title of Duke of Saint-Cloud was created in 1674. The intention behind the creation was to provide a noble title to be held by the Archbishop of Paris for the time being. The Bishop of Paris had only received the title Archbishop in relatively recent times, on October 20, 1622," ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Thackley A.F.C. Thackley A.F.C. are a football club based in Thackley, north Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. The club plays in the Northern Counties East Football League Premier Division. Thackley FC was formed in 1930, spending much of their early years in local football before joining the West Riding County Amateur League in 1939. The club then moved into county-wide leagues, spending 25 years in the West Riding County Amateur League, winning that league on five occasions before a brief spell in the West Yorkshire League. Thackley then joined the Yorkshire League before becoming founder members of the Northern Counties East League's Premier Division where they have been ever since with the club's best season being in 1993–94 when they were runners-up, losing out on goal difference to Stocksbridge Park Steels. The club has never been relegated from that division throughout the League's 30-year history. Thackley's best efforts in national cup competitions have been in the FA Vase, their best season being in 1980–81 when they got to the fifth round. The club has never progressed beyond the second qualifying round of either the FA Cup or the FA Trophy. Thackley A.F.C. Thackley A.F.C. are a football club based in Thackley," ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Greece at the 2016 Summer Olympics Greece competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. Greek athletes have competed in every Summer Olympic Games of the modern era, alongside Australia, Great Britain, and Switzerland. As the progenitor nation of the Olympic Games and in keeping with tradition, Greece entered first at the Maracanã Stadium during the opening ceremony. The Hellenic Olympic Committee confirmed a roster of 93 athletes, 56 men and 37 women, to compete across 15 sports at the Games, the smallest in Summer Olympic history since 1992. Aquatic sports constituted the largest number of athletes on the Greek team, with a combined total of 29 entries (14 in swimming, 2 in synchronized swimming, and 13 in men's water polo). There was a single competitor each in archery, road cycling, track cycling, mountain biking, table tennis, weightlifting, and wrestling. The Greek roster featured 36 returning Olympians, with archer Evangelia Psarra (the oldest member of the team, aged 42) and long-distance swimmer and double world open water champion Spyridon Gianniotis headed to their fifth consecutive Games as the most experienced competitors. Five Greek athletes vied for their fourth Olympic appearance, including table tennis player Panagiotis Gionis, gymnast Vlasios Maras, and judo legend Ilias Iliadis (all of whom started as members of the host nation team in Athens 2004). Sailor and two-time medalist Sofia Bekatorou, who raced alongside her partner Michail Pateniotis in the Nacra 17 class, created Summer Olympic history as the nation's first ever female flag bearer in the opening ceremony. Greece returned home from Rio de Janeiro with six medals (three gold, one silver, and two bronze), a vast improvement on the nation's overall medal tally from the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. Anna Korakaki accomplished a historic feat as the first Greek athlete to earn multiple medals at a single Olympics since 1912, with a gold and a bronze in women's pistol shooting. The gold medal was the first one for Greece after a 12-year drought. Two other golds were respectively awarded to gymnast Eleftherios Petrounias in the men's rings, and pole vaulter Ekaterini Stefanidi, the first for Greece in the track and field after 12 years. Gianniotis enjoyed the final race of his swimming career with a runner-up finish in the open water marathon, while Panagiotis Mantis and Pavlos Kagialis handed the Greeks their eighth Olympic medal in sailing, obtaining the bronze in the men's 470 class. The following is the list of number of competitors participating in the Games: Greece has received a spare Olympic berth freed up by Ivory Coast to send a female archer to the Olympics, as the Ivorian National Olympic Committee decided to withdraw its entry after the deadline. The berth was officially awarded to four-time Olympian Evangelia Psarra. Greek athletes have so far achieved qualifying standards in the following athletics events (up to a maximum of 3 athletes in each event): Greece has qualified one rider in the men's Olympic road race by virtue of his top 200 individual ranking in the 2015 UCI Europe Tour. Following the completion of the 2016 UCI Track Cycling World Championships, Greece has entered one rider to compete in the men's keirin at the Olympics, by virtue of his final individual UCI Olympic ranking in that event. Greece has qualified one mountain biker for the men's Olympic cross-country race, as a result of his nation's twenty-first-place finish in the UCI Olympic Ranking List of May 25, 2016. Greece has entered one fencer into the Olympic competition. 2012 Olympian Vassiliki Vougiouka claimed a spot in the women's sabre as one of the two highest-ranked fencers coming from the Europe zone in the FIE Adjusted Official Rankings. Meanwhile, Aikaterini Kontochristopoulou rounded out the Greek roster by finishing among the top four individual fencers in the women's foil at the European Zonal Qualifier in Prague, Czech Republic. Greece has entered two artistic gymnasts into the Olympic competition. Eleftherios Petrounias won the gold medal in the men's rings to book his Olympic spot at the 2015 World Championships in Glasgow, Scotland, and was later joined by three-time Olympian Vlasios Maras and Vasiliki Millousi, who both claimed the men's and women's individual all-around spot, respectively at the Olympic Test Event in Rio de Janeiro. Greece has qualified one rhythmic gymnast for the individual all-around by finishing in the top 15 at the 2015 World Championships in Stuttgart, Germany. A team of five rhythmic gymnasts were added to the Greek roster by claiming one of the three available Olympic spots in the group all-around at the Olympic Test Event in Rio de Janeiro. Greece has qualified two judokas for each of the following weight classes at the Games. Roman Moustopoulos and double Olympic medalist Ilias Iliadis were ranked among the top 22 eligible judokas for men in the IJF World Ranking List of May 30, 2016. Greece has qualified two boats for each of the following rowing classes into the Olympic regatta. Rowers competing in the men's four and women's single sculls confirmed Olympic places for their boats at the 2015 FISA World Championships in Lac d'Aiguebelette, France. On July 26, 2016, the men's lightweight four berth was awarded to the Greek rowing team, as a response to the removal of four boats held by the Russians from FISA due to their previous doping bans and their implications in the \"disappearing positive methodology\" set out in the McClaren Report on Russia's state-sponsored doping. Greek sailors have qualified one boat in each of the following classes through the 2014 ISAF Sailing World Championships, the individual fleet Worlds, and European qualifying regattas. The majority of the sailing crews, led by London 2012 fourth-place finalist Byron Kokkalanis (RS:X) and Beijing 2008 bronze medalist Sofia Bekatorou, along with her new partner Michail Pateniotis (Nacra 17), were named to the Greek team, following the completion of the Princess Sofia Trophy regatta. Meanwhile, London 2012 Olympian Ioannis Mitakis rounded out the Greek selection at the 2016 Finn Gold Cup. Greek shooters have achieved quota places for the following events by virtue of their best finishes at the 2015 ISSF World Cup series, and European Championships or Games, as long as they obtained a minimum qualifying score (MQS) by March 31, 2016. Greek swimmers have so far achieved qualifying standards in the following events (up to a maximum of 2 swimmers in each event at the Olympic Qualifying Time (OQT), and potentially 1 at the Olympic Selection Time (OST)): Greece has fielded a squad of two synchronized swimmers to compete only in the women's duet by virtue of their fourth-place finish at the FINA Olympic test event in Rio de Janeiro. Greece has entered one athlete into the table tennis competition at the Games. Panagiotis Gionis secured one of ten available Olympic spots to confirm his fourth consecutive appearance in the men's singles by winning the group final match at the European Qualification Tournament in Halmstad, Sweden. The Greek men's water polo team qualified for the Olympics, after winning the bronze medal in the men's tournament at the 2015 FINA World Championships in Kazan, Russia. Greece has received an unused quota place from IWF to send a male weightlifter to the Olympics. Greece has qualified one wrestler for the women's freestyle 53 kg into the Olympic competition as a result of her semifinal triumph at the initial meet of the World Qualification Tournament in Ulaanbaatar. Greece at the 2016 Summer Olympics Greece competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. Greek athletes have competed in every Summer Olympic Games of the modern era, alongside Australia, Great Britain, and Switzerland. As the progenitor nation of the Olympic Games and in keeping with tradition, Greece entered first", "for the Olympics, after winning the bronze medal in the men's tournament at the 2015 FINA World Championships in Kazan, Russia. Greece has received an unused quota place from IWF to send a male weightlifter to the Olympics. Greece has qualified one wrestler for the women's freestyle 53 kg into the Olympic competition as a result of her semifinal triumph at the initial meet of the World Qualification Tournament in Ulaanbaatar. Greece at the 2016 Summer Olympics Greece competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. Greek athletes have competed in every Summer Olympic Games of the modern era, alongside Australia, Great Britain, and Switzerland. As the progenitor nation of the Olympic Games and in keeping with tradition, Greece entered first at the Maracanã Stadium" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Woodstock, New South Wales Woodstock is a village in the central west of New South Wales, Australia, north east of Cowra. It contains remains of a brief goldrush during the late 19th century which left behind a number of substantial buildings before the village relapsed into relative isolation. It includes a restored railway station, hotel and a memorial hall. At the , Woodstock had a population of 812. The railway station was opened in 1888 on the Blayney - Demondrille line which connected the Main Western Line at Blayney and the Main Southern Line at Demondrille railway station. At one time there were several sidings near the station with grain silos, stock yards, loading bank, goods shed, hay stage, and loco platform. In the 1980s services were suspended between Cowra and Blayney. The section was re-opened by the Lachlan Valley Railway which runs heritage trains from Cowra to Blayney. The railway station is now an art gallery and private residence. Gold was discovered in 1868 at Woods Flat, a few kilometres south of Woodstock. A rush of 500 diggers took up the ground there, but after a short period only a few were left as surface gold was minimal and water supplies lacking. The goldfield had a long history but today almost nothing remains of the buildings at Woods Flat. The village of Woodstock was established in response to the building of the railway line north of Woods Flat, from Blayney to Cowra in 1880s. Initially known also as Woods Flat, the name of the village was changed to Woodstock in 1886. By 1900 there were many commercial businesses in the villages including butchers, bakers, hotels, saddleries, smithies, bootmakers, mercers, tailors, motor vehicle garages and billiard rooms. A post office was operating by 1897. The current Royal Hotel was rebuilt in 1911, an earlier timber building having been destroyed by fire. The Commercial Banking Company of Sydney opened a branch at Woodstock in 1907, followed by the Commonwealth Savings Bank in 1913 and the Bank of New South Wales in 1929. The Soldiers Memorial Hall was opened in 1925 by Sir Neville Reginald Howse, who was at that time the Member for Calare. The bushranger John Vane, a member of Ben Hall's gang, who died in 1906 was buried in an unmarked grave at Woodstock cemetery. A headstone was erected by local historians in 1989. Country markets are held at Woodstock Soldiers Memorial Hall on the second Sunday of each month except January. The Memorial Hall hosts a touring opera company, OperaWorks, each year. Other events at Woodstock include a long track motorbike championships and the annual show. Woodstock has a number of heritage-listed sites, including: Kelton, J. (1987). Woods Flat Gold . Woodstock, New South Wales Woodstock is a village in the central west of New South Wales, Australia, north east of Cowra. It contains remains of a brief goldrush during the late 19th century which left behind a number of substantial buildings before the village relapsed into relative" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "CCTV-9 News CCTV-9 News or simply as CCTV News is the main newscast on Chinese International English language news and information channel, CCTV-9,which became CCTV NEWS in 2010. It covers the news stories from China, Asia and around the world in 30 minutes. The 30 minutes edition broadcast daily at 09.00 UTC (17.00 Beijing and Singapore Time or 16.00 Bangkok and Hanoi Time) and in 16.00 UTC (00.00 Beijing and Singapore time or 23.00 Bangkok and Jakarta time). 15 minutes news update is available at 01.00, 02.00, 07.00 and 08.00 UTC (09.00, 10.00, 15.00 and 16.00 Beijing and Singapore time or 08.00, 09.00, 14.00 and 15.00 Bangkok and Jakarta time. CCTV-9 News CCTV-9 News or simply as CCTV News is the main newscast on Chinese International English language news and information channel, CCTV-9,which became CCTV NEWS in 2010. It covers the news stories from China, Asia and around the world in 30 minutes. The 30 minutes edition broadcast daily at 09.00 UTC (17.00 Beijing and Singapore Time or 16.00 Bangkok and Hanoi Time) and in 16.00 UTC (00.00 Beijing and Singapore time or 23.00 Bangkok and Jakarta time). 15 minutes news update is available at 01.00, 02.00, 07.00 and 08.00" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Zone of the Enders: 2167 Idolo Zone of the Enders: 2167 Idolo is an hour-long Original Video Animation, set as a prequel to the original Zone of the Enders game. It serves to explain the war between Earth and Mars, and the origin of the Orbital Frame technology. The events also lead into the TV series \"Z.O.E. Dolores, I\". In the English dub of the movie, BAHRAM is called Bafram. It is also called this in the art gallery in the special features. However this is most likely a translation error. The Deimos Affair The story starts off by introducing the main character; Radium Lavans, a reckless Phantoma LEV pilot in the BAHRAM military forces. His comrade is the skilled Viola. The plot quickly introduces them having a hate for Earth as people who live on Mars are ridiculed and outcast by Earth people. These Terran feelings of superiority presumably spring from Martian colonists' weaker physical abilities and size - a side effect of the planet's lower gravity - combined with traditional colonial prejudices. It is evident there is an ongoing under the table conflict, and BAHRAM is involved with liberating the tight Federation grasp of Earth. Radium and Viola are soon chosen to be test pilots for a new vehicle being developed by BAHRAM called the Orbital Frame. The prototype, dubbed Idolo, is revealed that it is far superior to any existing vehicle in possession of Earth and Mars. The speed, agility, and power far exceeds the strongest LEV units. However, all of this is thanks to the discovery of the powerful material called Metatron. Metatron was used to create most of Idolo, therefore giving Idolo enhanced abilities thanks to the power of Metatron. Radium was the one who piloted Idolo most often, though he was at first overwhelmed by Idolo's immense power output. After much practice, Radium is able to efficiently pilot Idolo. However, it seemed that Idolo had developed a \"will\" of its own, and chose Radium to be its runner (this becomes apparent when Viola tries to pilot Idolo; Idolo refuses all of Viola's commands). It becomes known that piloting Idolo is having an adverse effect on Radium's mind, changing him into a mindless killer while he's running Idolo. During a demonstration for Mars' military leaders, Radium exhibits the full power of Idolo, revealing the Homing Laser, an attack that fires hundreds of thin lasers that home in on their targets, and the extremely destructive Burst Shot in addition to showing exceptional prowess when using the normal shot and Idolo's arm blade. Radium finds a group of Earth spies and captures one and kills the other. A group of Earth spies infiltrates the test facility and they kidnap Dr. Links and Dolores. Radium follows their shuttle to Deimos Station with Idolo with the intent of rescuing Dolores and Dr. Links. After slicing all of the Space Force LEVs in two, Radium finds Dr. Links and Dolores, but their kidnapper offers Dr. Links a deal to work with them and continue her research, but she refuses. While trying to leave, the Space Force spy tries to shoot Dr. Links, but Dolores pushes her away and is shot instead. Sensing Radium's devastation of the death of Dolores, Idolo goes into a combat auto-pilot mode, which begins to dispatch the arriving Space LEV forces. During the combat, Idolo is hit from behind, resulting in its wings being ripped off. BAHRAM LEVs arrive and join forces with the Space Forces LEVs, with the objective of destroying Idolo, so that the Obital Frame technology will not be captured. While all this is happening, Radium is inside a church getting married to Dolores, as he puts the ring on her finger applause is heard from the empty church and he begins to walk out happy with Dolores in his arms, as this is the wish he wanted to happen. Viola arrives and Radium is glad she made it in time. Viola tells Radium that all this is not really happening, he is hallucinating, and Dolores is really dead. In his dream state, Dolores turns to Viola and raises her hand, which causes her to retreat in fear, to the unaware and shock of Radium. In the real world, Idolo is preparing to use a burst shot on the surrounding LEVs. Before it can launch it, all of the LEVs fire on Idolo, engulfing it, which rips off each limb part. Radium is apparently killed, and Idolo is incapacitated with many LEVs surrounding the downed Frame. The movies ends with an epilogue set in 2172. Viola is seen piloting her Orbital Frame, Neith, and flying towards Antilia Colony, the setting of the first Zone of the Enders game. All of the Z.O.E. franchise - and indeed all of Kojima's works - were influenced to one degree or another by works of anime and manga from the 70s and 80s - especially those in the mecha genre - with the Mobile Suit Gundam franchise being paramount. The Idolo OVA in particular illustrates this, as it examines the concepts of colonialism and independence in outer space best illustrated by Gundam. Some would go as far to say that it is allegoric of the classic series, but this is an overstatement, as many key plot elements differ greatly. It also must be said that Idolo was produced by Sunrise in partnership with Konami, and that Mobile Suit Gundam is considered Sunrise's flagship franchise. All of which were born from early science fiction anthologies and books from before Anime was ever popularized on TV. Dolores Hayes<br> Occupation: OF R&D Assistant<br> Description: Assistant to Dr. Rachel Links and girlfriend to Radium. Edgar<br> Occupation: Bahram Soldier (Colonel) Dr. Rachel Links<br> Occupation: OF R&D Scientist<br> Description: One of the early Lead developers to Orbital Frame technology, and one who oddly does not have much impact beyond the anime. She was also known as having a hand in developing the AI's housed in the OF's. Rachel's husband, James, and their children Leon and Noel appear in \"Z.O.E. Dolores, I\". Melissa<br> Occupation: OF R&D Assistant Radium Levans<br> Occupation: BAHRAM Soldier (Lieutenant)<br> Description: A LEV pilot who was noted for his skill in combat, was transferred to test the new Martian weapon; an Orbital Frame. Suffered from Metatron poisoning. William<br> Occupation: BAHRAM Soldier Viola<br> Occupation: BAHRAM Soldier<br> Description: Radium is her only and closest friend, which she hides a love for. Her only devotion is the military as she lost everything to the UNSF. In the first game Radium is called Radam, her lost lover Idolo \"Class\": Prototype Orbital Frame \"Purpose\": General \"Piloted By\": Radium Lavans \"Weapons\": Primary - Arm Cannon, Sword, Homing Laser, Burst Attack \"Sub Weapons\": Halberd Phantoma \"Class\": LEV \"Purpose\": General \"Piloted By\": BAHRAM, UNSF \"Weapons\": Vulcan Machine Gun, Smoke Grenade \"Alternative Weapons\": Laser Rifle Helen McCarthy in \"500 Essential Anime Movies\" states that \"Idolo\" \"links political and personal issues, focusing on adult problems\" and it is \"well-paced with a nice balance of plot, character development, and adventure, making its one of the best science fiction anime of its day\". Zone of the Enders: 2167 Idolo Zone of the Enders: 2167 Idolo is an hour-long Original Video Animation, set as" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "The Jester (roller coaster) The Jester is a steel roller coaster located at the abandoned Six Flags New Orleans amusement park in New Orleans. Built and designed by Vekoma, The Jester opened to the public on April 13, 2003. Following the devastation to the amusement park in August 2005 by Hurricane Katrina, the roller coaster ceased operation after the park's closure, although it remains standing. The ride was originally planned to open with the park in 1992. The ride was then canceled until 1993 when the ride was announced to open in 1996 to be called \"The Wacky Twister\". When Fiesta Texas in San Antonio, Texas was bought out from Time Warner in 1996 (the current owners of Six Flags at the time), they helped flag the park into Six Flags Fiesta Texas. Time Warner saw the opportunity to advertise and promote their latest movies through their Six Flags parks, so they added \"The Joker's Revenge\", the first \"Vekoma\" \"Hurricane\" roller coaster in the United States and the first Vekoma roller coaster to run backwards a full circuit in the \"Fiesta Bay Boardwalk\" section next to and along the parks quarry wall. Joker's Revenge was painted all pink during the years in San Antonio before the coaster got too rough and had mechanical problems in 2001. Six Flags Fiesta Texas closed down the coaster after the 2001 season and it remained closed until late 2002 when it was moved to Six Flags New Orleans. Six Flags took over the lease of Jazzland in 2002, operating it as \"Jazzland\" for the 2002 season, changing the park's name in 2003 to Six Flags New Orleans for the 2003 season. Before the 2003 season, the park opened a whole new selection of rides including moving \"The Joker's Revenge\" roller coaster from Fiesta Texas in San Antonio to the park in New Orleans and renamed it \"The Jester\" in the Mardi Gras section of the park. The coaster also ran backwards at the park with a new color scheme of Green and Blue. When Hurricane Katrina hit the park on August 29, 2005, the park was severely flooded causing Six Flags New Orleans to shut down and the rides to close. The park still remains closed. In 2007, \"Six Flags\" began the process of moving rides from the park to their other properties. \"\" was the first ride to be taken out of the park. It was removed and taken to Six Flags Fiesta Texas, where it was refurbished and reopened as Goliath. Bayou Blaster and Sonic Slam were removed in 2008 and taken to Great Escape in Queensbury, New York, where it was refurbished and reopened as Sasquatch in 2009. The Road Runner Express was removed in 2009 and taken to Six Flags Magic Mountain in Valencia, California, where it was refurbished and reopened in 2011 under the same name. \"The Jester\" is still currently standing but not operating at the New Orleans park with the wooden coaster Mega Zeph and other coasters and attractions. Some of the Jester's green and blue paint is peeling away, revealing the old Joker's purple paint scheme. The park is still closed since 2005 and is no longer a \"Six Flags\" park. It is now owned by the city of New Orleans. Once riders board one of the two Jester's trains, a train will then take riders up a tall lift hill. After the train goes up the lift hill it will then loop around and drop at speeds up to through a Vertical loop and then the train will loop around over the station to the ride's double Corkscrew. Once the train passes the double corkscrews it will then take riders through a double helix's before entering the brake run that takes rides back to the station. There are two Vekoma Hurricane's in the world and \"The Jester\" is the only one to take riders backwards throughout the whole course of the coaster. The other Vekoma Hurricane is located at Walygator Parc as \"Waly Coaster\" that only travel riders forwards and not backwards. The Jester (roller coaster) The Jester is a steel roller coaster located at the abandoned Six Flags New Orleans amusement park in New" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "1883 Cincinnati Red Stockings season The 1883 Cincinnati Red Stockings season was a season in American baseball. The team finished third in the American Association with a record of 61–37, 5 games behind the Philadelphia Athletics. The Red Stockings came into the 1883 season looking to repeat as American Association Champions, as they had a league best record of 55–25 in 1882. During the off-season, the team announced that catcher Pop Snyder would return as player-manager. Cincinnati also made a big signing, as they signed Charley Jones, who played with the Cincinnati Reds of the National League from 1876–1878. Jones had not played professional baseball since 1880, when he played for the Boston Red Caps of the NL, after which he was black-balled from professional baseball. The Red Stockings also signed another former Reds player, John Reilly, who had also last played major league baseball for the Reds in the 1880 season. On the diamond, the Red Stockings were led by Jones, who hit .294 with a team leading ten home runs, as well as a league leading 80 RBI. Reilly hit a team high .311 with nine homers and 79 RBI. On the mound, Will White continued to be the ace of the pitching staff, posting a 43–22 record with 64 complete games and a 2.09 ERA in 577 innings pitched. Cincinnati started off the season on the right foot, winning their first four games, and had an impressive 11–5 record in their first sixteen ballgames. However, they were 3.5 games behind the Athletics. The Red Stockings would continue to play good baseball, and had a 31–23 record. However, they sat in fourth place. Cincinnati would then go on to win twelve of their next thirteen games to improve to 43–24. However, they only moved up to third place. The Red Stockings would remain in third place for the rest of the season, finishing the year at 61–37, five games behind the Athletics. \"Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\" \"Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\" 1883 Cincinnati Red Stockings season The 1883 Cincinnati Red Stockings season was a season in American baseball. The team finished third in the American Association with a record of 61–37, 5 games behind the Philadelphia Athletics. The Red Stockings came into the 1883 season looking to repeat as American Association Champions, as they had a league best record of 55–25 in 1882. During the off-season, the team announced that catcher Pop Snyder would return as player-manager. Cincinnati also" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "The Golden Bowl (film) The Golden Bowl is a 2000 drama film directed by James Ivory. The screenplay by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala is based on the 1904 novel of the same name by Henry James, who considered the work his masterpiece. Dignified but impoverished aristocrat Roman Prince Amerigo (Jeremy Northam), is engaged to American socialite Maggie Verver (Kate Beckinsale). The two were introduced by a mutual friend, Mrs. Fanny Assingham (Anjelica Huston). Maggie shares an extremely close relationship with her millionaire father Adam (Nick Nolte), a widowed tycoon living in England who intends to finance the construction of a museum to house his invaluable collection of art and antiquities in America. Prior to their engagement, and unbeknownst to his fiancée, Amerigo had a brief but passionate affair with an American woman named Charlotte Stant(Uma Thurman), who is also a friend of Maggie's. The two never married because both were penniless, but Charlotte is still in love with him. Amerigo breaks off their affair due to his engagement. Charlotte arrives in London to visit the Assingham's, Maggie invites her to attend the wedding. At the request of Maggie, Amerigo picks up Charlotte from the Assingham's home & takes her to an antique store in search of a wedding gift. The proprietor A.L. Jarvis shows them an ancient bowl, carved from a single piece of rock crystal and embellished with gold, which he asserts is flawless, but Amerigo noticed a crack in the crystal bowl. Charlotte states that she does not see the crack, only the beauty of the bowl. Charlotte is unsure if she wants to buy the bowl, Jarvis reserves the bowl until she makes a decision. Maggie and Amerigo have a son. Adam falls in love with Charlotte and proposes marriage, much to the delight of Maggie, who had been concerned about her father's loneliness. 3 years passes and the two couples find their lives closely interlocked, although the fact Maggie and Adam spend so much time together alienates their spouses. Much to the suspicions of Fanny, Amerigo and Charlotte have rekindled their affair. Using the excuse of their respective spouses father daughter time, they meet up at various parties & events around town. This causes gossip to circulate among mutual friends and associates. As time passes, however, Maggie becomes suspicious of the amount of time her husband and stepmother spend together. Maggie begins to confide in Fanny, but Fanny wanting to protect Maggie's feelings tries to discourage such thoughts. Adam observes close interactions between Charlotte and Amerigo but stays silent, as he does not want Maggie to be hurt. In search of an unusual gift as a birthday gift for her father, Maggie, by chance wanders into Jarvis' shop, and he shows her the bowl he had set aside for Charlotte years ago. Maggie agrees to buy it and asks that it be delivered to her home. When Jarvis discovers the barely discernible crack Amerigo had noticed, he brings it to Maggie himself, reveals the defect, and offers it at half price. While waiting for her in the drawing room, he recognizes Amerigo and Charlotte in photographs on a table, and he innocently reveals they were the couple who originally considered purchasing the bowl, three days before the wedding. Maggie realizes that the two were not meeting for the first time, as she had always assumed. Maggie vents to Fanny of the information she just found out. Fanny breaks the glass bowl, stating that it is the only proof that links Amerigo and Charlotte together and that she can pretend nothing happened. Amerigo walks in and Maggie confronts him, who confesses to his past with Charlotte and to their affair. Maggie states that the bowl represented their marriage, it appeared beautiful and perfect but the crack showed it was flawed. Amerigo begs Maggie not tell her father and not to leave. Maggie agrees not to tell her father for fear of hurting him but is unsure how she feels about her husband. Adam is noticeably distant. He suggests to Charlotte that they return to America to oversee the opening of his museum, though Charlotte is violently opposed to the idea. The tension grows worse after Amerigo and Maggie arrive with the Assinghams. Amerigo becomes distant towards Charlotte and avoids discussions of their affair. Charlotte begins to worry that Adam and Maggie are aware the affair but Amerigo gives no confirmation. One evening Maggie and Adam discuss their marriages and the need to protect their loved ones. They both agree to take their families and move apart from each other. Maggie and Amerigo prepare for a permanent move to Italy. Adams prepares for his move to America and puts Charlotte in charge of organizing the packing of the artifacts. Charlotte begs Amerigo to run away with her, as she does not want to be separated from him. Amerigo rejects the idea and express his guilt of being unfaithful and lying to his wife. Charlotte appears to reconcile to the idea of being with Adam, and the film ends with footage of the couple arriving to great fanfare in an unnamed American city. Director Ivory, producer Merchant, and screenwriter Jhabvala previously collaborated on screen adaptations of the Henry James novels \"The Europeans\" and \"The Bostonians\". The film was shot at various locations throughout England, including Belvoir Castle in Leicestershire, Burghley House in Lincolnshire, Helmingham Hall in Suffolk, the Kew Bridge Steam Museum and Syon House in Middlesex, and Lancaster House and Mansion House in London. Italian locations included Palazzo Borghese in Artena and Prince Massimo's Castle in Arsoli. The soundtrack includes \"Moonstruck\" by Lionel Monckton and Ivan Caryll, \"Sarabande\" by Claude Debussy, and \"Wall Street Rag\" by Scott Joplin. The film premiered at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival, and when it received a cool reception, executives at Miramax Films, the original distributor, asked Ivory and Merchant to make several cuts to shorten its running time. When they refused, the company sold the film to Lions Gate. The film opened throughout Europe before going into limited release in the US on 27 April 2001, following an earlier showing at the Palm Springs International Film Festival. It opened on five screens and earned $90,170 on its opening weekend. At its widest release in the US it played in 117 theatres. It eventually grossed $3,050,532 in the US and $2,703,146 in foreign markets for a total worldwide box office of $5,753,678. \"The Golden Bowl\" received mixed to positive reviews; it currently holds a 53% rating on Rotten Tomatoes; the consensus states: \"Coming from the Merchant-Ivory team, \"The Golden Bowl\" is visually stunning, but the filmmakers have difficulty in transporting the characterizations of the Henry James novel to the screen.\" \"The New York Times\" observed, \"In translating the novel into a film, the producer Ismail Merchant, his directing partner, James Ivory, and their favorite screenwriter, Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, have made a movie that's an ambitious, profoundly ambiguous statement about their own passion for the cultivated, high-culture sensibility epitomized by James and E.M. Forster, as opposed to the cruder mass culture that has eclipsed these literary heroes . . . Much of the dialogue in Ms. Jhabvala's carefully wrought screenplay voices feelings that remain unspoken in the novel, and this is the movie's biggest problem. No matter how well the characters' thoughts have been translated into speech, the act of compressing their rich, complex inner lives into dialogue without resorting to voice-over narration inevitably tends to cheapen them and turn a drama about the revelation of hidden truths into the terser, more commonplace language of an intelligent soap opera.\" Roger Ebert of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" observed, \"I admired this movie. It kept me at arm's length, but that is where I am supposed to be; the characters are after all at arm's length from each other, and the tragedy of the story is implied but never spoken aloud. It", "heroes . . . Much of the dialogue in Ms. Jhabvala's carefully wrought screenplay voices feelings that remain unspoken in the novel, and this is the movie's biggest problem. No matter how well the characters' thoughts have been translated into speech, the act of compressing their rich, complex inner lives into dialogue without resorting to voice-over narration inevitably tends to cheapen them and turn a drama about the revelation of hidden truths into the terser, more commonplace language of an intelligent soap opera.\" Roger Ebert of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" observed, \"I admired this movie. It kept me at arm's length, but that is where I am supposed to be; the characters are after all at arm's length from each other, and the tragedy of the story is implied but never spoken aloud. It will help, I think, to be familiar with the novel, or to make a leap of sympathy with the characters.\" Edward Guthmann of the \"San Francisco Chronicle\" called the film \"impeccably mounted, nicely scored and beautifully written\" and noted, \"Charlotte wasn't the principal character in James' 1904 novel . . . but in the film version . . . she takes center stage. Played by the long-necked Uma Thurman, she's less vixen than ninny - a smooth operator whose maneuvers seem to issue not from shrewdness or intelligence but from a microchip that allows her to robotically spout her lines with careful inflection. It's a blunder of a performance, and makes the viewer wish that Ivory had cast a more accomplished actress - Kate Winslet, perhaps, or Cate Blanchett - who could give dimension to the character and indicate subtext in a way that Thurman can't.\" Mike Clark of \"USA Today\" rated the film two out of four stars and commented, \"Too many dialogue exchanges sound like actors reading lines, and even the film's better performers seem to be acting in a vacuum. The movie establishes good will (or even great will) in the initial scenes because it's so gorgeous, but the rest is such a slog that even the revealed significance of the title artifact elicits a shrug.\" Emanuel Levy of \"Variety\" called the film \"vastly uneven, with some wonderful period touches but also more than a few tedious moments,\" \"tasteful, diffident and decorous,\" and \"a deliberately paced literary film that takes too long to build narrative momentum and explore its central dramatic conflicts.\" He added, \"James' deft portrait of human frailty and his experimentation in narrative mode only intermittently find vivid expression in the work of Ivory and screenwriter Prawer Jhabvala. Everything in the film, particularly in the last reel, is spelled out in an explicit, literal manner . . . Production values, particularly Andrew Sanders' design and John Bright's costumes, are exquisite, but they decorate a film that's too slow and only sporadically involving.\" James Ivory was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival. Production designer Andrew Sanders won the \"Evening Standard\" British Film Award for Best Technical/Artistic Achievement. The Region 1 DVD was released on 6 November 2001. The film is in anamorphic widescreen format, with audio tracks in English and French, and subtitles in English and Spanish. The only bonus feature is the original theatrical trailer. The Golden Bowl (film) The Golden Bowl is a 2000 drama film directed by James Ivory. The screenplay by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala is based on the 1904 novel of the same name by Henry James, who considered the work his masterpiece. Dignified but impoverished aristocrat Roman Prince Amerigo (Jeremy Northam), is engaged to American socialite Maggie Verver (Kate Beckinsale). The two were introduced by a mutual friend, Mrs. Fanny Assingham (Anjelica Huston). Maggie shares an extremely close relationship with her millionaire" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Chandler Regional Airport Chandler Regional Airport is a city-owned, public-use airport located three nautical miles (6 km) northeast of the central business district of Chandler, a city in Lincoln County, Oklahoma, United States. It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a \"general aviation\" facility. Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, this airport is assigned CQB by the FAA, but has no designation from the IATA. Chandler Regional Airport covers an area of 80 acres (32 ha) at an elevation of 984 feet (300 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 17/35 with an asphalt surface measuring 4,000 by 60 feet (1,219 x 18 m). For the 12-month period ending March 23, 2011, the airport had 3,400 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 283 per month. At that time there were 5 aircraft based at this airport: 40% single-engine, 40% jet, and 20% multi-engine. Chandler Regional Airport Chandler Regional Airport is a city-owned, public-use airport located three nautical miles (6 km) northeast of the central business district of Chandler, a city in Lincoln County, Oklahoma, United States. It" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Le génie du mal Le génie du mal (installed 1848) or \"The Genius of Evil\" or the genie of evil or the spirit of evil, known informally in English as Lucifer or The Lucifer of Liège, is a religious sculpture executed in white marble by the Belgian artist Guillaume Geefs. Francophone art historians most often refer to the figure as an \"ange déchu\", a \"fallen angel\". It is located within the elaborate pulpit (French \"chaire de vérité\", \"seat of truth\") of St. Paul's Cathedral, Liège, and depicts a classically beautiful man in his physical prime, chained, seated, and nearly nude but for drapery gathered over his thighs, his full length ensconced within a mandorla of bat wings. Geefs' work replaces an earlier sculpture created for the space by his younger brother Joseph Geefs, \"\", which was removed from the cathedral because of its distracting allure and \"unhealthy beauty\". In the late 1980s, a photograph of \"Le génie du mal\" became a focal point of \"Himmelsweg\", an art installation by the Liège-born artist on the theme of seductive evil and the danger of obscuring the memory of the Holocaust. \"Le génie du mal\" is set within an open niche formed at the base of twin ornate staircases carved with gothic floral motifs. The curved railing of the semi-spiral stairs reiterates the arc of the wings, which are retracted and cup the body. The versions by Guillaume and Joseph are strikingly similar at first glance and appear inspired by the same human model. For each, the fallen angel sits on a rock, sheltered by his folded wings; his upper torso, arms, and legs are nude, his center-parted hair nape-length. The veined, membranous wings are articulated like a bat's, with a prominent thumb claw; the knobby, sinewy olecranon combines bat and human anatomy to create an illusion of realism. A broken sceptre and stripped-off crown are held at the right hip. The white-marble sculptures occupy approximately the same dimensions, delimited by the space; Guillaume's measures 165 by 77 by 65 cm, or nearly five-and-a-half feet in height, with Joseph's only slightly larger at 168.5 by 86 by 65.5 cm. In 1837, Guillaume Geefs was put in charge of designing the elaborate pulpit for St. Paul's, the theme of which was \"the Triumph of Religion over the Genius of Evil\". Geefs had come to prominence creating monumental and public sculptures in honor of political figures, expressing and capitalizing on the nationalist spirit that followed Belgian independence in 1830. Techniques of realism coupled with Neoclassical restraint discipline any tendency toward Romantic heroism in these works, but Romanticism was to express itself more strongly in the Lucifer project. From the outset, sculpture was an integral part of Geefs' pulpit design, which featured representations of the saints Peter, Paul, Hubert the first Bishop of Liège, and Lambert of Maastricht. A drawing of the pulpit by the Belgian illustrator Médard Tytgat, published in 1900, shows the front; \"Le génie du mal\" would be located at the base of the stairs on the opposite side, but the book in which the illustration appears omits mention of the work. The commission was originally awarded to Geefs' younger brother Joseph, who completed \"\" in 1842 and installed it the following year. It generated controversy at once and was criticized for not representing a Christian ideal. The cathedral administration declared that \"this devil is too sublime.\" The local press intimated that the work was distracting the \"pretty penitent girls\" who should have been listening to the sermons. Bishop van Bommel soon ordered the removal of \"L'ange du mal\", and the building committee passed the commission for the pulpit sculpture to Guillaume Geefs, whose version was installed at the cathedral permanently in 1848. Joseph exhibited his sculpture at Antwerp in 1843, along with four other works: a sculpture group called \"The Dream\", and the individual statues \"St. Philomena\", \"Faithful Love\", and \"The Fisherman's Orphan\". Known both as \"L'ange du mal\" (\"Angel of Evil\") and \"Le génie du mal\", the controversial piece was later received into the collections of the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, where it has remained as of 2009. Despite or because of the controversy, Joseph's work was admired at the highest levels of society. Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar, ordered a marble replica as early as 1842. The deracinated original was purchased for 3,000 florins by William II, King of the Netherlands, and was dispersed with the rest of his collection in 1850 following his death. In 1854, the artist sold a plaster cast of the statue to Baron Bernard August von Lindenau, the German statesman, astronomer, and art collector for whom the Lindenau-Museum Altenburg is named. The success of the work elevated Joseph Geefs to the top tier of sculptors in his day. \"L'ange du mal\" is among six statues featured in a painting by Pierre Langlet, \"The Sculpture Hall of the Brussels Museum\" (\"Salle de sculpture du Musée de Bruxelles\", 1882), along with \"Love and Malice\" by another of the six Geefs sculptor-brothers, Jean. \"L'ange du mal\" was not uniformly admired even as a work of art. When it appeared in an 1862 international exhibition, the reviewer criticized Geefs' work as \"gentle and languid\" and lacking in \"muscle\", \"a devil sick... : the sting of Satan is taken out.\" Other than the vespertilionid wings, the fallen angel of Joseph Geefs takes a completely human form, made manifest by its artistic near-nudity. A languid scarf skims the groin, the hips are bared, and the open thighs form an avenue that leads to shadow. The serpentine curve of waist and hip is given compositional play in relation to the wing-arcs. The torso is fit but youthful; smooth and graceful, almost androgynous. The angel's expression has been described as \"serious, somber, even fierce,\" and the cast-down gaze directs the viewer's eye along the body and thighs to the parted knees. The most obvious satanic element in addition to the wings is the snake uncoiling across the base of the rock. \"L'ange du mal\" has been called \"one of the most disturbing works of its time.\" Joseph's sculptures are \"striking for their perfect finish and grace, their elegant and even poetic line,\" but while exhibiting these qualities in abundance, \"L'ange du mal\" is exceptional within the artist's body of work for its subject matter: As a sort of \"winged Adonis\", the fallen angel can be seen as developing from Geefs' early nude \"Adonis allant à la chasse avec son chien\" (\"Adonis Goes Hunting with His Hound\"). The composition of \"L'ange du mal\" has been compared to that of Jean-Jacques Feuchère's small bronze \"Satan\" (1833), with Geefs' angel notably \"less diabolic\". The humanizing of Lucifer through nudity is characteristic also of the Italian sculptor Costantino Corti's colossal work, executed a few years after the Geefs' versions. Corti depicts his Lucifer as frontally nude, though shielded discreetly by the pinnacle of rock he straddles, and framed with the feathered wings of his angel origin. Without a statement from the artist, it can only be surmised that Guillaume Geefs sought to address specific criticisms leveled at his brother Joseph's work. Guillaume's \"génie\" shows less flesh, and is marked more strongly by satanic iconography as neither human nor angelic. Whether Guillaume succeeded in removing the \"seductive\" elements may be a matter of individual perception. Guillaume shifts the direction of the fallen angel's gaze so that it leads away from the body, and his Lucifer's knees are drawn together protectively. The drapery hangs from behind the right shoulder, pools on the right side, and undulates thickly over the thighs, concealing the hips, not quite covering the navel. At the same time, the flesh that remains exposed is resolutely modeled, particularly in the upper arms, pectorals, and calves, to reveal a more defined, muscled masculinity. The uplifted right arm allows the artist to explore the", "his brother Joseph's work. Guillaume's \"génie\" shows less flesh, and is marked more strongly by satanic iconography as neither human nor angelic. Whether Guillaume succeeded in removing the \"seductive\" elements may be a matter of individual perception. Guillaume shifts the direction of the fallen angel's gaze so that it leads away from the body, and his Lucifer's knees are drawn together protectively. The drapery hangs from behind the right shoulder, pools on the right side, and undulates thickly over the thighs, concealing the hips, not quite covering the navel. At the same time, the flesh that remains exposed is resolutely modeled, particularly in the upper arms, pectorals, and calves, to reveal a more defined, muscled masculinity. The uplifted right arm allows the artist to explore the patterned tensions of the serratus anterior muscles, and the gesture and the angle of the head suggest that the \"génie\" is warding off \"divine chastisement\". Guillaume added several details to enhance the Luciferian iconography and the theme of punishment: at the angel's feet, the dropped \"forbidden fruit\", an apple with bite marks, along with the broken-off tip of the sceptre, the stellar finial of which marks Lucifer as the Morning Star of classical tradition. The nails are narrow and elongated, like talons. A pair of horns may be intended to further dehumanize the figure, while introducing another note of ambiguity. Horns are animalistic markers of the satanic or demonic, but in a parallel tradition of religious iconography, \"horns\" represent points of light. Gods from antiquity who personify celestial phenomena such as the Sun or stars are crowned with rays, and some depictions of Moses, the most famous being that of Michelangelo, are carved with \"horns\" similar to those of Geefs' Lucifer; see Horned Moses. But the most apparent departure from \"L'ange du mal\" is the placing of Lucifer in bondage, with his right ankle and left wrist chained. In 19th-century reinterpretations of ancient Greek and Christian myths, Lucifer was often cast as a Promethean figure, drawing on a tradition that the fallen angel was chained in Hell just as the Titan had been chained and tortured on the rock by Zeus: \"The same Prometheus who is taken as an analogue of the crucified Christ is regarded also as a type of Lucifer,\" wrote Harold Bloom in remarks on Mary Shelley's 19th-century classic \"Frankenstein\", subtitled \"The Modern Prometheus\". In A.H. Krappe's folkloric typology, Lucifer conforms to a type that includes Prometheus and the Germanic Loki. Guillaume Geefs' addition of fetters, with the swagged chain replacing the sneering serpent in Joseph's version, displays the angel's defeat in pious adherence to Christian ideology. At the same time, the titanic struggle of the tortured genius to free himself from metaphorical chains was a motif of Romanticism, which took hold in Belgium in the wake of the Revolution of 1830. The Belgians had just secured their own \"liberation\"; over the ensuing two decades, there had been a craze for public sculpture, by the Geefs brothers and others, that celebrated the leaders of independence. The magnificently human figure of the iconic rebel who failed might have been expected to elicit a complex or ambivalent response. The suffering face of the \"génie\", stripped of the angry hauteur of \"L'ange du mal\", has been read as expressing remorse and despair; a tear slips from the left eye. In a 1990 essay, Belgian art historian discussed how the conception of \"Le génie du mal\" was influenced by Alfred de Vigny's long philosophical poem \"Éloa, ou La sœur des anges\" (\"Eloa, or the Sister of Angels\"), published in 1824, which explored the possibility of Lucifer's redemption through love. In this \"lush and lyrical\" narrative poem, Lucifer sets out to seduce the beautiful Eloa, an angel born from a tear shed by Christ at the death of Lazarus. The Satanic lover is \"literally a handsome devil, physically dashing, intellectually agile, irresistibly charismatic in speech and manner\": in short, a Romantic hero. \"Since you are so beautiful,\" the naïve Eloa says, \"you are no doubt good.\" Lucifer declares that \"I am he whom one loves and does not know,\" and says he weeps for the powerless and grants them the occasional reprieve of delight or oblivion. Despite Eloa's attempt to reconcile him with God, Lucifer cannot set aside his destructive pride. In the end, Eloa's love condemns her to Hell with Lucifer, and his triumph over her only brings him sadness. In 1986, the Belgian artist made \"Le génie du mal\" a focal point of his installation \"Himmelsweg\" (\"The Road to Paradise\"). A framed photograph of the sculpture hangs over a slender pedestal table that is draped with a black cloth. A transparent case on the table contains three books: a Carmelite study on the subject of Satan, a scientific treatise on air, and a memorial of the Belgian Jews killed at Auschwitz. On the lower shelf of the table are shackles. Charlier has described his use of \"Le génie du mal\" as \"a Romantic image that speaks to us of seduction, evil, and the sin of forgetting.\" The German title of the work refers to the Nazi euphemism or \"cold joke\" for the access ramp that led to the gas chambers: \"The Road to Paradise leads to Hell; the Fall is so close to redemption.\" \"Le génie du mal\" sometimes appears on blogs, Internet forums, and other websites that are devoted to alternative religious practices such as Satanism and Luciferianism. A travel writer has observed that in the 21st century, the sculpture Le génie du mal Le génie du mal (installed 1848) or \"The Genius of Evil\" or the genie of evil or the spirit of evil, known informally in English as Lucifer or The Lucifer of Liège, is a religious sculpture executed in white marble by the Belgian artist Guillaume Geefs. Francophone art historians most often refer to the figure as an \"ange déchu\", a \"fallen angel\". It is located within the elaborate pulpit (French \"chaire de vérité\", \"seat of truth\") of St. Paul's Cathedral, Liège, and depicts a classically beautiful man in his physical prime, chained, seated, and nearly" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Andor Lázár Andor Lázár (8 March 1882 – 12 June 1971) was a Hungarian politician and jurist, who served as Minister of Justice between 1932 and 1938. He was born into a Hungarian Calvinist family of noble origin in Pápa. He learnt at the Calvinist College of Pápa and finished law studies in Budapest. During his field trips he visited most of the countries of Europe, but he also went to Canada and the United States. From 1906 he flourished as practitioner and soon he became one of the most considerable and noted lawyers in the capital city. He hulled valuable literature works under his economic studies. His acknowledged writings are the \"Economic-political studies\", the \"Economy of Austria in the beginnings of the 19th century\", \"The Austrian devaluation\" and the \"German and Polish devaluation\". Lázár had a significant role in the foundation of the Hungarian State Banknote Press and creating of the Defence League of the Hungarian Territorial Integrity. His political career was started in the early 1930s, he was a supporter of Gyula Gömbös. He served as state secretary of the Ministry of Defence in 1931. He represented the city of Debrecen from 1931 until 1939 as a member of the governing party (Unity Party then Party of National Unity). When Gömbös was appointed Prime Minister Lázár became Minister of Justice. Instead of the prime Minister's views he supported the conservative forces, as a result he could hold the ministerial position in the next cabinet, which was led by Kálmán Darányi. later he had conflicts with the radicalising Béla Imrédy so he retired from the politics. he continued his lawyer career. After the Second World War he could not start a political career again. He was interrogated about the Rákosi trial (during his ministership Mátyás Rákosi was arrested and sentenced to imprisonment). Although it turned out that Lázár had no role in this case, in spite of this he was interned to the Great Hungarian Plain in 1951. From 1953 he lived in Leányfalu. Andor Lázár Andor Lázár (8 March 1882 – 12 June 1971) was a Hungarian politician and jurist, who served as Minister of Justice between 1932 and 1938. He was born into a Hungarian Calvinist family of noble origin in Pápa. He learnt at the Calvinist College of Pápa and finished law studies in Budapest. During his field trips he visited most of the countries of" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Jack Abramoff Guam investigation The Jack Abramoff Guam investigation involves an alleged plot by lobbyist Jack Abramoff and others to control the functions of the courts in Guam. A federal grand jury investigation was halted in 2002 when the prosecutor was removed from office by the George W. Bush administration. In 2002, Abramoff was retained as a subcontractor by the Guam Superior Court to lobby against a bill proposing to put the Superior Court under the authority of the Guam Supreme Court. A sum of $324,000 was paid to Abramoff through Laguna Beach, California lawyer Howard Hills by means of 36 checks of $9,000 each. On November 18, 2002, a grand jury issued a subpoena demanding that the administrator of the Guam Superior Court release all records relating to the contract. On November 19, 2002, U.S. Attorney Frederick A. Black, the chief prosecutor for Guam and the instigator of the indictment, was unexpectedly demoted and removed from the office he had held since 1991. The federal grand jury investigation was quickly wound down and took no further action. In May 2003 Black was succeeded by Leonardo Rapadas at the recommendation of the Guam Republican Party. He was confirmed without any debate. Fred Radewagen, a lobbyist who had been under contract to the Gutierrez administration, said he carried that recommendation to top Bush aide Karl Rove in early 2003.[1] In 2005, Public Auditor Doris Flores Brooks initiated a new investigation of the Abramoff contract, which proceeded. The Jack Abramoff Guam Investigation involved an alleged conspiracy by lobbyist Jack Abramoff, Anthony Sanchez, and others to conceal payments to Abramoff for lobbying against legislation in the U.S. Congress to reorganize the court system in Guam. In 2002, Abramoff’s law firm, Greenberg Traurig, was retained as a subcontractor to Howard Hills, a constitutional lawyer and territorial policy specialist who had been under contract for four years advising the Guam Superior Court on the court reorganization issue. Abramoff’s firm was hired by Hills for what was supposed to be a temporary basis at the court’s direction to lobby against a bill proposing to put the Superior Court under the authority of the Guam Supreme Court. The amount of $324,000 was paid by the Court to Abramoff’s law firm, the subcontractor, through the prime contractor, Hills, who at the time was a resident of Laguna Beach, California, and a member of the bar in both Washington, D.C. and Guam. The court sent 36 checks of $9,000 each to Hills, with written instructions to pay fees owed by the court to the firm. Hills, trusting the intentions of court official Sanchez, facilitated what he thought was a transitional contract for legitimate services between the court and Grennberg Traurig. If done to avoid the federal reporting requirements for payment transfers, this would constitute illegal 'structuring' under 31 USC 5324(a). The form of payment might also be illegal if it was used to evade federal contracting rules requiring an open tender for contracts over $10,000. However, in 2006 the Inspector General of the U.S. Department of Justice issued a report documenting the finding by FBI investigators that no federal funds were involved and no structuring had been carried out. See, pp. 27–31, http://usdoj.gov/oig/spe/s0606a/final.pdf (If not available go to usdoj.gov, select OIG reports, search for Guam U.S. Attorney, 2006). Allegations of improper influence in the reassignment of Black and appointment of Rapadas also were addressed in the 2006 report of the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Inspector General, which concluded Black’s allegations of abuse were unfounded, and that Black had used his position to undermine Guam native candidates to replace him. (See: http://usdoj.gov/oig/spe/s0606a/final.pdf (If not available go to usdoj.gov, select OIG reports, search for Guam U.S. Attorney, 2006).) In 2005, Public Auditor Doris Flores Brooks initiated an investigation of the Abramoff contract and issued a report finding that both the Guam Superior Court and the Guam Supreme Court hired lobbyists in violation of Guam procurement rules, but that the rules did not apply to the courts' lobbying contracts. (See: p. 27, www.guamopa.com, Audit Report 05-08, December 2005.) However, based on the audit report finding that Superior Court payments to Abramoff’s law firm through Hills was intended to circumvent the procurement rules, court administrator Tony Sanchez and Hills were indicted in 2006. Charges against Hills were dismissed after investigations made evident his ethical and non-criminal intentions. Abramoff and the Grennberg Traurig law firm were also indicted in 2006 by the Guam Attorney General Office, and after the law firm paid back the $324,000 which it had received from the court, the entire case was dismissed on February 9, 2009. Jack Abramoff Guam investigation The Jack Abramoff Guam investigation involves an alleged plot by lobbyist Jack Abramoff and others to control the functions of the courts in Guam. A federal grand" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Drimolen The Drimolen Palaeocave System consists of a series of a terminal Pliocene to early Pleistocene hominin-bearing palaeocave fills located around north of Johannesburg, South Africa, and about north of Sterkfontein in the UNESCO World Heritage Site Cradle of Humankind. The site was discovered on 9 July 1992 by Dr Andre Keyser and he continued to direct excavations at the site until his death in 2010. On 21 October 1994 Dr Keyser discovered the DNH 7 (Eurydice) skull, the most complete \"Paranthropus robustus\" skull ever found. It is also considered a rare female skull of \"P. robustus\". DNH 8, a male mandible called \"Orpheus\" was also discovered at the same time and adjacent to DNH 7. Colin Menter directed research and excavations at the site from 2010 until 2016. Excavations at the site were conducted by technical assistants in the early years and by a number of field schools in the latter years. These include the University of Florence, Italy (Prof Jacopo Moggi-Cecchi; 2006-2012), the University of Victoria, Canada (2011, 2012, 2014), and La Trobe University, Australia (Prof Andy Herries; 2013–present). The permit and excavations at the site were taken over by Stephanie Baker of the University of Johannesburg in 2017 in collaboration with Prof Andy Herries of La Trobe University (& the University of Johannesburg) as part of an Australian Research Council Discovery Project (2017–21). This also involves collaborations with Prof David Strait of Washington University in St Louis, who runs a US based field school at Drimolen every June , as well as researchers from South Africa, Australia, the US and Italy. For many years the site was maintained by Simon Mokobane, but he sadly passed away from cancer in early 2018. All the hominin remains have been recovered from the classic area of the site known as the Drimolen Main Quarry (DMQ), and include remains of \"Paranthropus robustus\" and early \"Homo\". DMQ has also yielded some of the world's oldest bone tools and some of South Africa's oldest stone tools. It is also the first site in the region to have yielded two species of \"Dinofelis\" in the same deposit, \"Dinofelis cf. barlowi\" and \"Dinofelis aff. piveteaui.\" In 2013 a new fossil deposit was discovered around away from the Main Quarry that is known as the Drimolen Makondo (DMK). DMK has not yielded any hominin remains but has been dated to a much older time period around 2.61 Ma, making it similar in age to sites such as Sterkfontein Member 4 and parts of the Makapansgat Limeworks. While DMQ consists of a single large palaeocavern, DMK consists of a series of interconnecting, low maze-like passages. It is not known how the two caves relate to each other and whether they were once part of the same interconnected cave system, but basal speleothems in each deposit have been dated by uranium-lead to ~2.6 million years ago, the same age as flowstones underlying the \"Australopithecus africanus\" bearing Sterkfontein Member 4 and capping the \"A. africanus\" bearing Makapansgat Limeworks Member 3 deposits. Drimolen The Drimolen Palaeocave System consists of a series of a terminal Pliocene to early Pleistocene hominin-bearing palaeocave fills located around north of Johannesburg, South Africa, and about north of Sterkfontein in the UNESCO World Heritage Site Cradle of Humankind. The site was discovered on 9 July 1992 by Dr Andre Keyser and he continued to direct excavations at the site until his death in 2010. On 21 October 1994 Dr Keyser discovered the DNH 7 (Eurydice) skull, the most complete \"Paranthropus robustus\" skull ever found. It is also considered a rare female skull of \"P. robustus\". DNH" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Summa (genre) The summa (word in Latin) is a medieval didactics literary genre that was written in Latin. This genre was born during the 12th century and was developed during the following centuries. It was a kind of encyclopedia that developed a matter about Law, Theology or Philosophy most of all. Matters were divided in a more detailed way as it was in the \"tractatus\" (treatise), since they were divided into \"quaestiones\" (questions) and these ones were also divided into \"articles\". The articles had the following structure: In the area of Law, the \"summa\" is a practical and didactic genre, that was developed from the methodology of the gloss. It was divided into two different literary genres: the summa (derived from the \"similia\"), and the \"questio legitima\" (derived from the \"contraria\"). The \"summa\" was born in the minor Law schools whose aim was to instruct their students with easy summaries of the Justinian codes. In order to achieve this goal, easy, simple and systematic summaries of whole works were made, and the literary genre of the \"summae\" in the legal area was born. The \"summae\" were developed specially in the civil law schools of Occitanie specially regarding Justinian's \"Institutiones\". The teaching of Theology and Philosophy during the Middle Ages had two different ways: \"lectio\" and \"disputatio\": These two school methods originated their literary forms: There are more or less sixty extant \"summae\" in this field. The following ones must be pointed out: Summa (genre) The summa (word in Latin) is a medieval didactics literary genre that was written in Latin. This genre was born during the 12th century and was developed during the following centuries. It was a kind of encyclopedia that developed a matter about Law, Theology or Philosophy most of all. Matters were divided in a more detailed" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Mapsidius charpentierii Mapsidius charpentierii is a moth of the family Scythrididae. It was first described by Otto Herman Swezey in 1932. It is endemic to the Hawaiian island of Oahu. It is similar to \"Mapsidius auspicata\", but is larger and the black marks on the forewings are more distinct and angulated. The larvae feed on \"Charpentiera obovata\". The cocoon is elongate spindle shaped, densely made of white silk, placed on underside of leaf and beneath a thin lacework of silk which has several large circular meshes. This is similar to the way the cocoon of \"Mapsidius quadridentata\" is constructed, whereas the cocoon of \"M. auspicata\" is broad spindle shaped beneath a closely woven layer of white silk. The pupa is about 10 mm and dark brown. Mapsidius charpentierii Mapsidius charpentierii is a moth of the family Scythrididae. It was first described by Otto Herman Swezey in 1932. It is endemic to the Hawaiian island of Oahu. It is similar to \"Mapsidius auspicata\", but is larger and the black marks on the forewings are more distinct and angulated. The larvae feed on \"Charpentiera obovata\". The cocoon is elongate spindle shaped, densely made of white silk, placed on underside of leaf and" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "The Search for Snout The Search For Snout is the third book in the series Rod Allbright's Alien Adventures. It was written by Bruce Coville and first published in 1995. In the UK it was published under the title Aliens Stole My Dad, as 'snout' is British slang for tobacco \"The Search For Snout\" picks up where the previous book left off. Introducing the crew of the Galactic Patrol vessel \"Ferkel\" to his earthling mother proves to be as difficult as predicted, and explaining that he's going with them to find his semi-alien father is an even harder task. But the real trouble starts when they find out that BKR (the pain-loving alien psycho antagonist) is on the loose, having taken control of the \"Ferkel's\" sister ship \"Merkel\" while the ship was delivering him to prison. The crew of the \"Ferkel\" has been ordered to seek out their enemy and recapture him. After they question Smorkus Flinders (a muscle-bound alien from Dimension X) and learn something of BKR's current plan, Rod is contacted again by his friend Snout, master of the mental arts. Partly inspired by this contact, Grakker (the ship's commander) decides to break off from the Galactic Patrol and head for the Mentat instead, the school where Snout became a master of the Mental Arts (incidentally, the building is one big PLANT). There, he hopes to find a clue that could lead them to their fallen friend. During the journey, Grakker reveals some of his past, including how he got to know both Snout and BKR. Smorkus Flinders, having escaped from his suspended animation pod, manages to capture the entire crew... except for Elspeth (Rod's all-human cousin), who stowed away and was also in suspended animation as punishment. She manages to stop Smorkus and rescue the others. Also as a result of the battle, Rod's chibling (a small furball from dimension X) is injured from being thrown into a wall. Later that night, Rod learns that his friend was forced into his third stage of life: a two-part animal. The first half, which is then named Seymour, resembles a squashed, hairless blue cat with four (later six) legs, a long tail, and a similar neck with a gigantic eyeball at one end. The other half is named Edgar, and looks the same as before. While both appear to have separate minds, Seymour is the half that is truly sentient, holding their shared brain in his body. Soon after, they arrive at the Mentat and meet with the 'Head' Council, who are unable to help. However, they do reveal that all the messages which came from Snout are, in part, due to a direct link between Rod's mind and Snout's, created by an incident involving direct brain-to-brain training in the first book. They also question Smorkus Flinders, and through him contact BKR. Though they cannot help in regard to the Ferkada that Snout mentioned, they do agree to try and cure Smorkus Flinders, reverting him from a monster to a Normal (the species he used to be until he was caught in a nasty Reality Quake and turned into a monster). Later that day, the Mentat's security force (led by an insectoid woman named Arly Bung) arrests Rod, Elspeth and the crew after being contacted by the Galactic Patrol. Imprisoned in the lowest regions of the Mentat, they are soon rescued by Selima Khan, another of Snout's kind who also attended the Mentat in his year. During their escape into the caves below the Mentat, Rod sees an ancient carving of his father. Selima Khan also reveals the plans of BKR and Smorkus Flinders: they intend to use a black hole to detonate a bomb that will disrupt the space-time continuum and eventually bring the flow of time itself to a complete stop, but require Rod's brain to do so, for an unknown reason. Later, he is contacted again and leaves the group to follow the message. Along with Seymour and Edgar, Rod winds up in the belly of a gigantic stone beast, and the trio journey deep into its bowels. Finally, they reach a chamber where Snout is laying, fading away into nothingness. But he is not alone, as Rod is reunited with his father (alias the Ferkada, one of the ancient founders of the Mentat) at last. Rod's father (Ah-Rit Alber Ite, or Arthur \"Art\" Allbright) reveals the truth about where he came from (the lost civilization of Atlantis, circa 35,000 years ago), and his personal history with BKR. He also reveals that he once fled with the crucial bit of information that BKR needs for his current plans and stored them in a safe place: Rod's brain. During this last part, BKR arrives with Smorkus Flinders, revealing part of his side of the story. He also arrives to get the information that he needs. Just in time, the \"Ferkel\" arrives as well, and the resulting battle ends with a stalemate: BKR has Ah-Rit in his grasp, and threatens to kill him if Rod (and the crucial information) aren't handed over to him. Fortunately, there's a solution. Ah-Rit is released to the \"Ferkel\", while Rod is handed over to BKR, and Snout transfers the contents of Rod's mind (including the crucial information) into Seymour, resulting in two minds living in one body. After the swap, BKR leaves with Rod's body. Afterward, Snout (now fully recovered from his coma-like state) reveals exactly what happened to him after he vanished from Dimension X. He was probing the dimension for something, and connected with something extenuatingly hostile, possibly Smorkus Flinders himself. The Search for Snout The Search For Snout is the third book in the series Rod Allbright's Alien Adventures. It was written by Bruce Coville and first published in 1995. In the UK it was published under the title Aliens Stole My Dad, as 'snout' is British slang for tobacco \"The Search For Snout\" picks up where the previous book left off. Introducing the crew of the Galactic Patrol" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Immortal: The Invisible War Immortal: The Invisible War is a role-playing game created by artist and writer Ran Valerhon. Characters discover that they are part of an ancient race of shape-shifters with the power to alter reality itself. Immortals have the ability to literally reinvent themselves through a special form of reincarnation-like evolution. Characters may have been an ancient god, mythical creature, or legendary hero in a former incarnation. As the characters struggle to remember who and what they truly are these past-lives continue to inform, empower, and confound the character's current incarnation; They also must re-acclimate to a millennia old war against dark forces to save their last bastion in the universe, Earth. The game is set in modern-day earth, but makes extensive use of world mythology, high fantasy elements, and an original alternative earth history. Millions of years ago the dragon immortals known as the Abzulim enslaved nearly all other immortal creatures. They created an empire spanning the cosmos and made war with the Primals: elemental entities older than the universe itself. When the war ended, the Abzulim fled this world and the Primals all but vanished from existence. Now freed, the various himsati species of slave immortals wandered in groups called Prides until the coming of humanity. Both blessed and cursed by mortal faith, the immortals were transformed into human-like guises; they were exalted as gods, monsters and supernatural heroes by the infant human race. But internal strife and hatred between the Pantheons led to their own wars and the end of their stewardship over humanity. The immortals went into seclusion for eons until they eventually filtered back out amongst humanity, in secret, several thousand years ago. Upon their return, they fought against other immortals who served dark ancient powers from before the dawn of time. After many bitter defeats, and with scar-laden souls, they beat back their enemies and thought they had finally won; it was only the beginning. Somewhere out there the Deepwalkers, mightiest of the Abzulim, have returned to Earth and evolved beyond the ability of normal immortals to see them for their true selves. Now the Twelve Tribes of the himsati race—descendants of their own mythical past—wage war against the Droves, groups of dark twisted mortal creatures and their immortal leaders known as the Progeny. Possessed of supernatural powers and the ability to shapeshift into primordial forms of animal, plant, and element, the immortals must wield their awesome powers in order to save their last refuge, Earth. All the while the mortal world continues on close to what we have always known, unaware of the invisible war that transpires around and within. The players discover that their characters are part of an ancient race of immortal, shapeshifters known as the Himsati that have the power to alter reality with the power of their voice. The weight of immortality causes these beings to literally reinvent themselves through a special form of reincarnation-like evolution called Lethe. You may have been an ancient god, a mythical creature or legendary hero in ages past but reborn into the modern world. You and other immortals wage war against to save your last bastion in the universe, Earth. The Immortals battle each other immortals and mortal agents both normal and twisted by the dark powers of the mighty Abzulim. The Abzulim are a draconian race known to be the first immortals; former masters of all the other immortals who they enslaved for millions of year. But the end of the modern world draws near as the facade of the myths humanity holds dear begin to crumble; ancient gods, myths and legends are rising from their secret places to fight this final war against the forces of darkness. A new age of legend is dawning, terrible, magical and breathtaking. Centuries ago, a small handful of immortals were chosen; to be the last salvation, or damnation, of the immortal race. Immortal uses its own custom system. The game was created in the 1980s with a public release in 1993 as \"Immortal: Invisible War\" by Precedence Entertainment. Due to issues with the original publisher over the creation of \"Immortal: Millennium\" (2nd Edition), the game's original creator took back control of the product and a decision was made to continue on with a 3rd Edition to clarify and rectify those issues. \"Immortal: The Invisible War\" (3rd Edition) was released via the game's website as a free PDF. Immortal: The Invisible War Immortal: The Invisible War is a role-playing game created by artist and writer Ran Valerhon. Characters discover that they are part of an ancient race of shape-shifters with the power to alter reality itself. Immortals have the ability to literally reinvent themselves through a special form of reincarnation-like evolution. Characters may have been an ancient god, mythical creature, or legendary hero in" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "John Kessler John Kessler (December 14, 1847 – June 12, 1917) was an American businessman and politician. Born in Bavaria, Germany, Kessler emigrated with his parents to the United States, in 1855, and settled in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Kessler was a cigar maker. He also lived in Green Bay, La Crosse, Oconomowoc, Kenosha, Wisconsin, Chicago, Wisconsin, and Council Bluffs, Iowa. In 1868, Kessler settled in Watertown, Wisconsin. He served as the Watertown City Treasurer. Kessler also served on the Watertown Common Council from 1895 to 1897 and was a Democrat. In 1899, Kessler served in the Wisconsin State Assembly. Kessler died at his home in Watertown, Wisconsin. John Kessler John Kessler (December 14, 1847 – June 12, 1917) was an American businessman and politician. Born in Bavaria, Germany, Kessler emigrated with his parents to the United States, in 1855, and settled in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Kessler was a cigar maker. He also lived in Green Bay, La Crosse, Oconomowoc, Kenosha, Wisconsin, Chicago, Wisconsin, and Council Bluffs, Iowa. In 1868, Kessler settled in Watertown, Wisconsin. He served as the Watertown City Treasurer. Kessler also served on the Watertown Common Council from 1895 to 1897 and was a Democrat. In 1899, Kessler served in" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter

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