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"Barebone's Parliament Barebone's Parliament, also known as the Little Parliament, the Nominated Assembly and the Parliament of Saints, came into being on 4 July 1653, and was the last attempt of the English Commonwealth to find a stable political form before the installation of Oliver Cromwell as Lord Protector. It was an assembly entirely nominated by Oliver Cromwell and the Army's Council of Officers. It acquired its name from the nominee for the City of London, Praise-God Barebone. The Speaker of the House was Francis Rous. The total number of nominees was 140, 129 from England, five from Scotland and six from Ireland (see the list of MPs). The assembly was inspired by the Jewish Sanhedrin. After conflict and infighting, on 12 December 1653 the members of the assembly voted to dissolve it. It was preceded by the Rump Parliament and succeeded by the First Protectorate Parliament. Following the execution of King Charles, the Rump Parliament was the last remaining element of the English government. It had little or no claim to representation of the populace and held elections only to replace members. The mood of the country was for long-needed reforms to be carried out but the Rump made little progress. The enactment of a Navigation Act to aid merchants led to the First Anglo-Dutch War in 1652. There was an expectation that a new parliament should be called, however the Rump made no moves towards its dissolution. The forced dissolution of the Rump Parliament on 20 April 1653 left a gap in the legislature, with no blueprint to fill it. Cromwell and the Council of Officers announced that they would be guided by God's providence in doing so: \"as we have been led by necessity and Providence to act as we have done, even beyond and above our own thoughts and desires, so we shall... put ourselves wholly upon the Lord for a blessing\". On 29 April Cromwell set up a small Council of State of 13 members, responsible for foreign policy and administration of the country. Its establishment was announced the next day. The Council of Officers remained responsible for decisions about the new form of government. John Lambert argued in favour of lodging power in the hands of ten or twelve men. Thomas Harrison, drawing on his Fifth Monarchist beliefs, argued that their duty was to accelerate the coming of the kingdom of Christ by putting power into the hands of godly men. He put forward the idea of a larger assembly, preferably numbering seventy based on the Jewish Sanhedrin. The Council of Officers agreed on Harrison's model, raising the number of representatives to 140 to allow members from across England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland. The Council of Officers then settled the question of how to select the group's representatives, agreeing that members should be chosen by the Council, all of whom were free to put forward nominations. Power would be vested in each member by Cromwell in his role as commander-in-chief of the army. Although there was negative reaction from some churches, with a member of a congregation in London declaring \"the question is not so much now who is Independent, Anabaptist, etc., as who is for Christ and who is for Cromwell\", most of the sects welcomed the decision. S. R. Gardiner conjectured that the Council of Officers consulted congregational churches in each county, asking them to send names of suitable candidates for the new assembly. However, no copy of any letter of consultation survives, and although some churches did send in nominations, there is no evidence that a mass consultation took place. By 3 May the Council of Officers had had over a hundred names submitted by its members. By 23 May an initial list of nominations was ready, which was then added to and refined over the next few weeks. The assembly met for the first time on 4 July in the council chamber at Whitehall. Cromwell opened proceedings with a speech around two hours long. He began by summing up the \"series of Providences\" that had brought them to this point, starting with the Short Parliament and singling out 1648 as the \"most memorable year that ever this nation saw\". In a much-analysed passage, Cromwell is supposed to have declared: \"God doth manifest it to be \"the\" day of the Power of Jesus Christ\". This has sometimes been adduced as evidence that Cromwell shared Harrison's Fifth Monarchist beliefs, welcoming the assembly as the start of Christ's kingdom on earth. However, the first published version of the speech records this sentence as \"God doth manifest it to be a day of the Power of Jesus Christ\", considerably softening the impact, and implying that he merely thought it to be a spiritually joyful occasion. Cromwell then asked a written 'instrument' to be read out, drawn up by the Council of Officers and investing power in the assembly. The assembly then adjourned before sitting in full on the following day. On that day they elected Francis Rous, initially as chairman (he was not known as Speaker until a month later). Henry Scobell was appointed as Clerk. Cromwell and four other officers – Lambert, John Desborough, Harrison and Matthew Tomlinson – were then co-opted as members. On 12 July, the assembly published a declaration declaring itself to be the parliament of the Commonwealth of England. This was the first time that it had been formally described as a parliament. The Parliament became a subject of ridicule very quickly after its establishment. A newswriter called them \"s, Innkeepers, Millwrights, Stockingmongers and such a rabble as never had hopes to be of a Grand Jury\". In particular, its members were singled out for their alleged low social status, their puritanism and their relative lack of political experience. These criticisms were seen to be encapsulated by one of its members, Praise-God Barebone, a leather seller, Fifth Monarchist and lay preacher from Fleet Street in London. Before its dissolution the assembly had become known as Barebone's Parliament. Despite contemporary slanders, the assembly's members were mainly drawn from the richest five per cent of the population, and few tradesmen were represented. Nor was it solely composed of Fifth Monarchists, despite the impression that hostile contemporary pamphlets give. Twelve or thirteen members can be identified as Fifth Monarchists, some of whom had served with Harrison. These were contrasted with about fifteen of the more active members of the assembly, who were more moderate Independents. Although it is misleading to divide the assembly into two parties, an analysis of its entire membership along moderate and radical lines identifies 76 members as religious moderates and 47 as radicals, with a further 21 either impossible to identify or not participating in the assembly. Only four regicides, Anthony Stapley, John Carew, Thomas Harrison, and Cromwell himself, were appointed. Thomas Harrison was the leader of the Fifth Monarchists and John Carew was also a Fifth Monarchist. On 13 July, the assembly began debating tithes – which were objected to by many sects on the grounds that they were a remnant of Catholicism, that they supported a professional rather than voluntary clergy, and that their economic burden fell unequally. There was general consensus that tithes were objectionable, but little agreement about what mechanism for generating revenue should replace them. Debate within the assembly was quickly echoed by petitions from churches around the country. Another contentious issue the assembly debated during its early weeks was the trial of John Lilburne, which again did little to unite opinion. A third issue, reform of the legal system, again split the members, with Fifth Monarchists arguing that only laws contained in scripture should be reflected in the temporal legal system, while former members of the Rump's Hale Commission pushed for progressive reform. By early September, Cromwell was already said to have been growing frustrated with the assembly's in-fighting between different groups.",
"unequally. There was general consensus that tithes were objectionable, but little agreement about what mechanism for generating revenue should replace them. Debate within the assembly was quickly echoed by petitions from churches around the country. Another contentious issue the assembly debated during its early weeks was the trial of John Lilburne, which again did little to unite opinion. A third issue, reform of the legal system, again split the members, with Fifth Monarchists arguing that only laws contained in scripture should be reflected in the temporal legal system, while former members of the Rump's Hale Commission pushed for progressive reform. By early September, Cromwell was already said to have been growing frustrated with the assembly's in-fighting between different groups. A newswriter reported him saying to a confidant that he was \"more troubled now with the fool than before now with the knave\". He also wrote to his son-in-law Charles Fleetwood complaining that the members \"being of different judgements, and of each sort most seeking to propagate their own, that spirit of kindness that is to them, is hardly accepted of any\". Attendance also began to fall. Over one hundred members were present at most votes in July, dropping to an average turnout of 70 by October. Various bills inflamed conflict between the radical and moderate members – bills to abolish the Court of Chancery, regulate legal fees, and speed up settlement of cases in the Court of Admiralty all became bogged down in conflict. At this point, however, radical members were still mainly outnumbered in votes by moderate and conservative members. This changed during November and December when debate returned to the question of tithes. On 6 December the committee of the assembly appointed to consider the question presented their report, covering the question of how unfit ministers were to be ejected, naming commissioners who would have the job of enacting this, and retaining support for tithes in prescribed circumstances. The first clause of the report was voted against by 56 votes to 54 in a defeat for the moderates. Two days later, moderates came to the House and demanded that the assembly abdicate its powers, criticising radical members for threatening the wellbeing of the Commonwealth by fomenting disagreement. Rous and around 40 members walked out and went to Cromwell at Whitehall, presenting a document signed by nearly 80 members that declared: \"Upon a Motion this day made in the House, that the sitting of this Parliament any longer as now constituted, will not be for the good of the Commonwealth\". Those left in the house were soon confronted by troops requesting that they leave. The collapse of the radical consensus which had spawned the Nominated Assembly led to the Grandees passing the Instrument of Government in the Council of State which paved the way for Cromwell's Protectorate. Barebone's Parliament Barebone's Parliament, also known as the Little Parliament, the Nominated Assembly and the Parliament of Saints, came into being on 4 July 1653, and was the last attempt of the English Commonwealth to find a stable political form before"
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"Stanick Jeannette Stanick Jeannette (born 6 March 1977) is a French former competitive figure skater. He is a two-time (2001, 2003) European bronze medalist, the 2000 Trophée Lalique silver medalist, and a two-time (2000, 2001) French national champion. Jeannette was born on 6 March 1977 in Courbevoie, France. He and Audrey Ramonich have a daughter who was born on 1 April 2011. Jeannette placed 13th at the 1992 World Junior Championships, held in November 1991 in Hull, Quebec, Canada. The following season, he began appearing also on the senior international level. He finished 18th at the 1993 World Junior Championships in December 1992 in Seoul, South Korea. In the 1995–96 season, Jeannette continued competing both on the junior and senior levels. He won senior international gold medals at the 1995 Karl Schäfer Memorial and 1995 Ondrej Nepela Memorial before placing 13th at the 1996 World Junior Championships in November–December 1995 in Brisbane, Australia. In the 1996–97 season, Jeannette began appearing on the ISU Champions Series (later known as the Grand Prix series). He won one Grand Prix medal – silver at the Trophée Lalique in November 2000. He won a bronze medal at the 2001 European Championships and another in 2003. He competed at three World Championships, placing as high as 7th (2000 Worlds). Jeannette sustained a series of injuries, which eventually led to his retirement from competition. He has choreographed programs for skaters such as Florent Amodio and Miriam Ziegler. \"GP: Champions Series/Grand Prix\" Stanick Jeannette Stanick Jeannette (born 6 March 1977) is a French former competitive figure skater. He is a two-time (2001, 2003) European bronze medalist, the 2000 Trophée Lalique silver medalist, and a two-time (2000, 2001) French national champion. Jeannette was born on 6 March 1977 in Courbevoie, France. He and Audrey Ramonich have a daughter"
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"Tumbao In music of Afro-Cuban origin, tumbao is the basic rhythm played on the bass. In North America, the basic conga drum pattern used in popular music is also called \"tumbao\". In the contemporary form of Cuban popular dance music known as timba, piano guajeos are known as \"tumbaos\". The tresillo pattern is the rhythmic basis of the ostinato bass tumbao in Cuban son-based musics, such as son montuno, mambo, salsa, and Latin jazz. Often the last note of the measure is held over the downbeat of the next measure. In this way, only the two offbeats of tresillo are sounded. The first offbeat is known as \"bombo\", and the second offbeat (last note) is sometimes referred to as \"ponche\". The following example is written in cut-time (2/2). Arsenio Rodríguez's group introduced bass tumbaos that have a specific alignment with clave. The 2-3 bass line of \"Dame un cachito pa' huele\" (1946) coincides with three of the clave's five strokes. David García identifies the accents of \"and-of-two\" (in cut-time) on the three-side, and the \"and-of-four\" (in cut-time) on the two-side of the clave, as crucial contributions of Rodríguez's music. The two offbeats are present in the following 2-3 bass line from Rodríguez's \"Mi chinita me botó\" (1944). The two offbeats are especially important because they coincide with the two syncopated steps in the son's basic footwork. The conjunto's collective and consistent accentuation of these two important offbeats gave the son montuno texture its unique groove and, hence, played a significant part in the dancer's \"feeling\" the music and dancing to it, as Bebo Valdés noted \"in \"contratiempo\"\" ['offbeat timing']—García (2006: 43). Moore points out that Rodríguez's conjunto introduced the two-celled bass tumbaos, that moved beyond the simpler, single-cell tresillo structure. This type of bass line has a specific alignment to clave, and contributes melodically to the composition. Rodríguez's brother Raúl Travieso recounted, Rodríguez insisted that his bass players make the bass \"sing.\" Moore states: \"This idea of a bass tumbao with a melodic identity unique to a specific arrangement was critical not only to timba, but also to Motown, rock, funk, and other important genres.\" In other words, Rodríguez is a creator of the bass riff. Timba tumbaos incorporate techniques from funk, such as slapping, and pulling the strings in a percussive way. The following excerpt demonstrates several characteristics of timba bass. This is Alain Pérez's tumbao from a performance of Issac Delgado piece \"La vida sin esperanza.\" Pérez's playful interpretation of the tumbao is what timba authority Kevin Moore refers to as “controlled improvisation;\" the pattern continuously varies within a set framework. The basic son montuno tumbao pattern is played on the conga drum. The conga was first used in bands during the late 1930s, and became a staple of mambo bands of the 1940s. The primary strokes are sounded with open tones, on the last offbeats (2&, 2a) of a two-beat cycle. The fundamental accent—2& is referred to by some musicians as \"ponche\". The basic tumbao sounds slaps (triangle noteheads) and open tones (regular noteheads) on the \"and\" offbeats. There are many variations on the basic tumbao. For example, a very common variant sounds a single open tone with the third stroke of clave (ponche), and two tones preceding the three-side of clave. The specific alignment between clave and this tumbao is critical. Another common variant uses two drums and sounds \"bombo\" (1a) on the tumba (3-side of the clave). For example: Beginning in the late 1960s, band conga players began incorporating elements from folkloric rhythms, especially rumba. Changuito and Raúl \"el Yulo\" Cárdenas of Los Van Van pioneered this approach of the songo era. This relationship between the drums is derived from the style known as rumba. The feeling of the high drum part is like the quinto in rumba, constantly punctuating, coloring, and accenting, but not soloing until the appropriate moment (Santos 1985). In several songo arrangements, the tumbadora ('conga') part sounds the typical tumbao on the low-pitched drum, while replicating the quinto (lead drum) of guaguancó on the high-pitched drum. The quinto-like phrases can continually change, but they are based upon a specific counter-clave motif. Tomás Cruz developed several adaptions of folkloric rhythms when working in Paulito FG's timba band of the 1990s. Cruz's creations offered clever counterpoints to the bass and chorus. Many of his tumbaos span two or even four claves in duration, something very rarely done previously. He also made more use of muted tones in his tumbaos, all the while advancing the development of . The example on the right is one of Cruz's \"inventos\" ('musical inventions'), a band adaptation of the Congolese-based Afro-Cuban folkloric rhythm \"makuta\". He played the pattern on three congas on the Paulito song \"Llamada anónima\". The Cuban jazz pianist Gonzalo Rubalcaba developed a technique of pattern and harmonic displacement in the 1980s, which was adopted into timba tumbaos (timba piano guajeos) in the 1990s. Many timba bands use two keyboards, such as Issac Delgado's group, which features's Melón Lewis (1st keyboard) and Pepe Rivero (2nd keyboard). Tumbao In music of Afro-Cuban origin, tumbao is the basic rhythm played on the bass. In North America, the basic conga drum pattern used in popular music is also called \"tumbao\". In the contemporary form of Cuban popular dance music known as timba, piano guajeos are known as \"tumbaos\". The tresillo pattern is the rhythmic basis of the ostinato bass"
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"Azerbaijan–Israel relations Azerbaijan and Israel have engaged in intense cooperation since 1992. Azerbaijan is one of the few majority Muslim countries besides Turkey, Egypt, Jordan and the former Soviet republics to develop bilateral strategic and economic relations with Israel. In his meeting with Israel Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu President Ilham Aliyev praised the active role of Jewish community living in Azerbaijan in developing bilateral relations between the countries. On October 18, 1991, the declaration of the Parliament of Azerbaijan restored the country's independence, and, in November 1991, Turkey became the first state to formally recognize it. On December 25, 1991, Israel formally recognized the independence of Azerbaijan, becoming one of the first states to do so, and established diplomatic relations with Azerbaijan on April 7, 1992. According to a 2009 U.S. diplomatic memo, made public through WikiLeaks, Azeri president Ilham Aliyev once compared his country's relationship with Israel to an iceberg: \"Nine-tenths of it is below the surface.\" Azerbaijan was visited by David Harris, executive director of the American Jewish Committee, in July 2010, shortly after the visit of Hillary Clinton to Baku. During the reception, Harris said Azerbaijan presented cultural, strategic and political importance. Azerbaijan was visited by John Shapiro, executive director of the American Jewish Committee, in January 2017, shortly after the visit of Benjamin Netanyahu to Baku. During the reception, Shapiro said that constructive partnership between Azerbaijan, US and Israel has a big significance. Visiting Azerbaijan in December 2016 the Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said: \"Relations with Azerbaijan are very close. They will be even better after this visit.\". Azerbaijan is home to some 30,000 Jews, residing primarily in Baku and Qırmızı Qəsəbə settlement in the Quba district of Azerbaijan. Mountain Jews have been living in Azerbaijan for close to 1,500 years; they are the descendants of Persian Jews. During the conquest by the Islamic Caliphate, Arabs settled an allied Jewish tribe in the neighborhoods of Baku; in 1730 Jews were officially allowed to put down roots and own property in Quba. There are also nearly 5,000 Ashkenazi Jews living mostly in Baku. The first Jewish Sochnut school in the Soviet Union was opened in 1982 in Baku, then capital of Azerbaijan SSR. April 2017 marked the 25th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic ties between Israel and Azerbaijan. Congratulatory letter to the President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev from the Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu include: Israeli–Azerbaijani ties have been expanding since the very early 1990s. The strategic relationship included cooperation in trade and security matters, cultural and educational exchanges, etc. Relations entered a new phase in August 1997 during the visit of then the Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu to Baku. Since then Israel has been developing closer ties with Azerbaijan and have helped modernize the Armed Forces of Azerbaijan. Israeli military is said to have been a major provider of battlefield aviation, artillery, antitank, and anti-infantry weaponry to Azerbaijan. In 2009, Israeli President Shimon Peres made a visit to Azerbaijan where military relations were expanded further, with the Israeli company Aeronautics Defense Systems Ltd announcing it was going to build a factory in Baku. In 2010, Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev issued a decree banning the issue of visas in the country's international airports; foreigners henceforth had to apply for visas at the nearest Azerbaijani consulate. Israel and Turkey were the only two countries whose citizens were unaffected by the new law. In 2016, Israel's Defence Minister Avigdor Lieberman supported the position of Azerbaijan in the 2016 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes, calling it \"absolutely justified\". Furthermore, Lieberman held Armenia responsible for provoking the conflict in April 2016. A delegation of the World Jewish Congress visited Azerbaijan on September 2016 where during the talks with the Azeri President Ilham Aliyev emphasis was put on \"Excellent relations with Jewish community and Israel\". In December 2016, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu paid an official visit to Baku. During the visit he emphasised that \"Israel and Azerbaijan enjoy an excellent relationship and warm friendship\". During the visit Netanyahu visited the Alley of Martyrs and paid tribute to Azerbaijani heroes. He also visited the Ohr Avner Chabad Day School, met with the local Jewish community and gave a speech before students. Press statements made by the President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev and the Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu also showed satisfaction with the bilateral cooperation of two countries. In December 2016, Azerbaijan-Israel intergovernmental agreement on air communication was signed. In March 2017 several regional tours were made by the Israeli envoy to Azerbaijan to deepen economic cooperation in the spheres of economy, agriculture and tourism. Azerbaijan and Israel abolished double taxation between countries in April 2017. During his speech at the 72nd sessions of UN General Assembly on September 19, 2017, Netanyahu mentioned the expansion of cooperation between the two countries. Following an October 2001 meeting with Israeli ambassador Eitan Naeh, Azerbaijan's then president Heydar Aliyev declared that the two countries had identical positions in the fight against international terrorism. Israeli intelligence helps collect human intelligence about what they view as extremist organizations in the region. One of the groups, Hizb ut-Tahrir, which seeks the annihilation of the state of Israel, threatens both Jerusalem and Baku. Hizb ut-Tahrir is suspected of having several hundred members in Azerbaijan, and several members of it were arrested and prosecuted by Azerbaijani authorities. In 2008, a plot was foiled to bomb the Israeli Embassy in Baku, which is located in a high-rise building along with the Thai and Japanese embassies. Two Hezbollah militants went on trial for the attempt in May 2009. Local police narrowly averted the potential disaster, which involved placing three or four car bombs around the high-rise complex to carry out the attack. Groups planned the bombing in retaliation for the 2008 assassination in Damascus, Syria of Hezbollah's second in command Imad Mughniyah, which the Lebanese group blamed on Israel. News reports suggested Iran was involved in the plan as well. In 2012, Israel and Azerbaijan signed an agreement according to which state-run Israel Aerospace Industries would sell $1.6 billion in drones and anti-aircraft and missile defense systems to Azerbaijan. Some analysts consider that both Israel and Azerbaijan see Iran as an existential threat. Azerbaijan fears Iranian Islamist influence, but Iran fears Azerbaijan, too, as up to 18 million Iranians are ethnic Azeris. On the other hand, Azerbaijan has close links with Turkey, and the post-2006 worsening of Israel-Turkey relations may have repercussions on Azerbaijan's relations with Israel. In February 2012, Iran rebuked Azerbaijan for allegedly aiding anti-Iranian activities by Israel's Mossad intelligence agency. A few weeks later Azerbaijan arrested 22 people in a suspected Iranian plot against Israeli and US targets in Azerbaijan. In March 2012, the magazine \"Foreign Policy\" reported that the Israeli Air Force may be preparing to use the Sitalchay Military Airbase, located 500 km (340 miles) from the Iranian border, for air strikes against the nuclear program of Iran. Azerbaijan has sought closer relations with the West, including Israel. There are, however, several inhibiting factors to the closeness of this alliance. One is the great influence of Russia. Another is Azerbaijan's difficulty to withstand pressure from the Muslim world. This pressure is the reason Azerbaijan has yet to open",
"Iran rebuked Azerbaijan for allegedly aiding anti-Iranian activities by Israel's Mossad intelligence agency. A few weeks later Azerbaijan arrested 22 people in a suspected Iranian plot against Israeli and US targets in Azerbaijan. In March 2012, the magazine \"Foreign Policy\" reported that the Israeli Air Force may be preparing to use the Sitalchay Military Airbase, located 500 km (340 miles) from the Iranian border, for air strikes against the nuclear program of Iran. Azerbaijan has sought closer relations with the West, including Israel. There are, however, several inhibiting factors to the closeness of this alliance. One is the great influence of Russia. Another is Azerbaijan's difficulty to withstand pressure from the Muslim world. This pressure is the reason Azerbaijan has yet to open an embassy in Israel and why it has voted against Israel's views in international forums. Economic cooperation between Israel and Azerbaijan has been growing significantly. As Azerbaijan deregulated its industries and liberalized economy in early 1990s, Israeli companies penetrated Azerbaijani markets. Many companies have invested in service industry. One example is Bezeq, a major Israeli telecommunication provider. Through a trade contract bid in 1994, Bezeq bought a large share of the telephone operating system. Today it installs phone lines and operates regional services throughout much of the country. Another company, Bakcell, was started as a joint venture between the Ministry of Communication of Azerbaijan and GTIB (Israel) in early 1994 as the first cellular telephone operator in the country. Dozens of Israeli companies are active in the Azerbaijani energy sector. For instance, Modcon Systems Ltd., an Israel-based supplier of high technology to the oil and gas industries, opened a branch in Azerbaijan. Between 2000 and 2005, Israel has risen from being Azerbaijan's tenth largest trading partner to its fifth. According to U.N. statistics, between 1997 and 2004, exports from Azerbaijan to Israel increased from barely over US$2 million to $323 million, fueled in recent years by the high price of oil. As of 2013, 40 percent of oil to Israel is exported from Baku, which makes Azerbaijan Israel's largest oil supplier. Azerbaijan and Israel abolished double taxation between countries in April 2017. \"Defense and energy sectors apart, the bilateral trade between the two countries amounted to $260 million in 2016.\", — said Israeli ambassador to Azerbaijan. According to the State Customs Committee of Azerbaijan, the total trade turnover between Azerbaijan and Israel amounted to $116.2 million in January–February 2017, which is 17.5 percent more compared to the same period of 2016. Azerbaijan and Israel cooperate closely in the field of energy. Israel buys 40 percent of its oil from Azerbaijan. In a 2007 speech, the Israeli ambassador to Azerbaijan, Arthur Lenk, spoke of a continuous trade between Azerbaijan and Israel in the energy sector. He noted that until the inauguration of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline in 2006, Israel was a key consumer of Azerbaijani oil exports, and that the proximity of Ceyhan to Israel offers excellent new opportunities for greater Israeli participation in this sector of the economy, thus creating additional areas for collaboration and mutual benefit. He underlined that through the Trans-Israel pipeline between Ashkelon and Eilat, Israel could be a strategic partner for marketing Caspian oil to Asia. Israeli efforts in developing alternative energy resources, especially solar energy, were also mentioned. Israel additionally seeks possibilities of importing gas from the Caspian Sea region. In December 2016, during his visit to Azerbaijan the Prime Minister of Israel Benjamin Netanyahu said: \"Today we are negotiating not only for the supply of Azerbaijani oil, but also imports of Azerbaijani gas to Israel\". Israel considers joining TANAP, said Israeli ambassador to Azerbaijan. Israel imports forty percent of its oil from Azerbaijan. On March 29, 2012, officials said that Israel was granted access to air bases in Azerbaijan through a \"series of quiet political and military understandings.\" These airbases could potentially be used in a strike against Iran over its nuclear program and other tensions with Iran, and would be allowed by Azerbaijan. Israeli and Azerbaijani officials denied these reports. On September 30, 2012, it was reported that Azerbaijan and Israel jointly examined the use of Azeri air bases and spy drones to help Israeli jets perform a long-range strike on Iran. This would help Israel in regards to issues with refueling, reconnaissance, and rescuing crews, and could make an attack more feasible. The plan apparently involves using an Israeli tanker aircraft painted in the colors of a third country airline company that would land and refuel in Azerbaijan and then refuel the Israeli strike aircraft. Azerbaijan–Israel relations Azerbaijan and Israel have engaged in intense cooperation since 1992. Azerbaijan is one of the few majority Muslim countries besides Turkey, Egypt, Jordan and the former Soviet republics to develop bilateral strategic and economic relations with Israel. In his meeting with Israel Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu President Ilham Aliyev praised the active role of Jewish community living in Azerbaijan in developing bilateral relations between the"
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"Pandiagonal magic square A pandiagonal magic square or panmagic square (also diabolic square, diabolical square or diabolical magic square) is a magic square with the additional property that the broken diagonals, i.e. the diagonals that wrap round at the edges of the square, also add up to the magic constant. A pandiagonal magic square remains pandiagonally magic not only under rotation or reflection, but also if a row or column is moved from one side of the square to the opposite side. As such, an formula_1 pandiagonal magic square can be regarded as having formula_2 orientations. It can be shown that non-trivial pandiagonal magic squares of order 3 do not exist. Suppose the square is pandiagonally magic with magic sum . Adding sums and results in . Subtracting and we get . However, if we move the third column in front and perform the same proof, we obtain . In fact, using the symmetries of 3 × 3 magic squares, all cells must equal . Therefore, all 3 × 3 pandiagonal magic squares must be trivial. However, if the magic square concept is generalized to include geometric shapes instead of numbers—the geometric magic squares discovered by Lee Sallows—a 3 × 3 pandiagonal magic square does exist. The smallest non-trivial pandiagonal magic squares are squares. All pandiagonal magic squares must be translationally symmetric to the form Since each subsquare sums to the magic constant, pandiagonal magic squares are most-perfect magic square. In addition, the two numbers at the opposite corners of any square add up to half the magic sum. Consequently, all pandiagonal magic squares that are associative must have duplicate cells. All pandiagonal magic squares using numbers 1-16 without duplicates are obtained by letting equal 1; letting , , , and equal 1, 2, 4, and 8 in some order; and applying some translation. For example, with , , , and , we have the magic square The number of pandiagonal magic squares using numbers 1-16 without duplicates is 384 (16×24, where 16 accounts for the translation and 24 accounts for the ways to assign 1, 2, 4, and 8 to , , , and ). There are many 5 × 5 pandiagonal magic squares. Unlike 4 × 4 pandiagonal magic squares, these can be associative. The following is a 5 × 5 associative pandiagonal magic square: In addition to the rows, columns, and diagonals, a 5 × 5 pandiagonal magic square also shows its magic sum in four \"quincunx\" patterns, which in the above example are: Each of these quincunxes can be translated to other positions in the square by cyclic permutation of the rows and columns (wrapping around), which in a pandiagonal magic square does not affect the equality of the magic sums. This leads to 100 quincunx sums, including broken quincunxes analogous to broken diagonals. The quincunx sums can be proved by taking linear combinations of the row, column, and diagonal sums. Consider the pandiagonal magic square with magic sum . To prove the quincunx sum formula_5 (corresponding to the 20+2+13+24+6 = 65 example given above), we can add together the following: From this sum, subtract the following: The net result is formula_19, which divided by 5 gives the quincunx sum. Similar linear combinations can be constructed for the other quincunx patterns formula_20, formula_21, and formula_22. No pandiagonal magic square exists of order formula_23 if consecutive integers are used. But certain sequences of nonconsecutive integers do admit order-(formula_23) pandiagonal magic squares. Consider the sum 1+2+3+5+6+7 = 24. This sum can be divided in half by taking the appropriate groups of three addends, or in thirds using groups of two addends: An additional equal partitioning of the sum of squares guarantees the semibimagic property noted below: Note that the consecutive integer sum 1+2+3+4+5+6 = 21, an odd sum, lacks the half-partitioning. With both equal partitions available, the numbers 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 can be arranged into 6x6 pandigonal patterns and , respectively given by: Then formula_25 (where is the magic square with 1 for all cells) gives the nonconsecutive pandiagonal 6x6 square: with a maximum element of 49 and a pandiagonal magic sum of 150. This square is pandiagonal and semibimagic, that means that rows, columns, main diagonals and broken diagonals have a sum of 150 and, if we square all the numbers in the square, only the rows and the columns are magic and have a sum of 5150. For 10th order a similar construction is possible using the equal partitionings of the sum 1+2+3+4+5+9+10+11+12+13 = 70: This leads to squares having a maximum element of 169 and a pandiagonal magic sum of 850, which are also semibimagic with each row or column sum of squares equal to 102,850. A formula_26 pandiagonal magic square can be built by the following algorithm. A formula_27 pandiagonal magic square can be built by the following algorithm. If we build a formula_27 pandiagonal magic square with this algorithm then every formula_29 square in the formula_27 square will have the same sum. Therefore many symmetric patterns of formula_31 cells have the same sum as any row and any column of the formula_27 square. Especially each formula_33 and each formula_34 rectangle will have the same sum as any row and any column of the formula_27 square. The formula_27 square is also a Most-perfect magic square. A formula_37 pandiagonal magic square can be built by the following algorithm. Pandiagonal magic square A"
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"Chatsworth Hills Academy Chatsworth Hills Academy (CHA) is a private, coeducational day school located in Chatsworth, California, United States. CHA students are enrolled in Grades K through Eight and Preschool. CHA is accredited by the California Association of Independent Schools (CAIS) and the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC). CHA is a member of National Association of Independent Schools (NAIS). Chatsworth Hills Academy was founded in 1977 by a group of public school parents led by Liz Stillwell Shapiro. Following a co-op model, parents volunteered their time in their areas of expertise to clear the land, pour concrete, install buildings, run wiring, develop curriculum, buy books, and hire instructors. The Chatsworth campus opened in the fall of 1978 with grades 4-8, and a second site in Van Nuys held grades 1-3. The school was originally named the Neighborhood School and organized as a non-profit, public benefit corporation. In 1980, the Van Nuys location was closed, and students in grades 1-3 were moved to the Chatsworth campus and the ninth grade was added. In 1981, the name of the school was changed to Chatsworth Hills Academy. Towards the end of the '80s, enrollment at the middle school level decreased, grades 7-9 were eliminated, and Chatsworth Hills Academy became Preschool through grade 6 from 1988-1996. By 1998, middle school enrollment had grown again and grades 7 and 8 were returned permanently to the School. CHA started a summer camp for students Preschool through 8th grade was started in June 2000. Chatsworth Hills Academy has evolved over the years and is no longer a \"parent-run\" co-op school. The Board of Trustees is composed of fourteen individuals, mostly current and former parents. The Board is responsible, with the Head of School, to strategically plan for the future of Chatsworth Hills Academy. Chatsworth Hills Academy employs a spiral curriculum, which continually introduces new material while reinforcing previous skills and content. Character Education is an essential aspect of an independent school education and a special focus of Chatsworth Hills Academy. CHA's program seeks to explain and practice values in the context of everyday school life. The school has a strong athletic program and a notable drama program. Chatsworth Hills Academy participates in a full range of interscholastic athletics as a member of the San Fernando Valley Private School League (SFVPSL). Beginning in fourth grade, boys' teams include Flag Football, Basketball, Soccer and/or Volleyball during the school year. Girls have the opportunity to compete in soccer, basketball, and volleyball. Team practices take place during school hours and after school. Games are played both home and away. Over the past several years, many CHA school teams have made play-off berths and have won league championships. CHA teams have won sixteen SFVPSL titles. CHA coaches support the school's character education program by modeling and developing within each student character, teamwork, participation and sportsmanship. The athletic philosophy seeks to have all the CHA teams succeed yet premise the sports program on the belief that every member of the team must play. Chatsworth is an inland part of the coastal region of southern California that was the historic homeland of the Chumash Indians. CHA is believed to be located on land once used by Chumash Indians for villages, campgrounds and/or burial sites. There was at least one large, ancient Chumash village located at the foot of nearby Santa Susana Pass. The area is now known as the Chatsworth Cairn Site. The site was used for ceremonial purposes. A short distance from the Chatsworth Cairn Site, the Chumash established numerous settlements over extended periods of time. Regularly flowing water supported these settlements. CHA's campus has several rock formations containing Chumash pictographs. CHA also has a natural sulphur spring that surfaces on its lower campus. It is thought that the sulphur spring attracted Chumash and other Native American tribes to the area. According to one source \"a local sulfur spring percolated to the surface with water that was considered to contain important medicinal qualities. People from all of the neighboring villages, Chumash or Tongva were welcome to partake in the healing powers of these waters.\" Chatsworth Hills Academy Chatsworth Hills Academy (CHA) is a private, coeducational day school located in Chatsworth, California,"
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"Melnā Piektdiena The Melnā Piektdiena club (literally \"The Black Friday\" in Latvian) is a cult, underground, heavy, and extreme music concert venue in Riga, Latvia. Over the years, it has hosted shows by some of the most respected artists within a variety of genres, including bands such as: Sepultura, Soulfly, Fear Factory, Meshuggah, Hypocrisy, Cannibal Corpse, Kreator, Converge, Obituary, Type O Negative, Nile, Rotting Christ, Children of Bodom, Napalm Death, and Death in June, among others. The venue grew out of the legendary series of Black Friday concerts, which have been held in Riga since the early 1990s, whenever the 13th day of a month falls on a Friday. A series of Latvian metal music compilation CDs were released under the name of the club. Since the same promoters staged the metal shows and produced the compilation records, they decided to use an already established name for the CDs. The club is located in an industrial area, between the railway and RVR factory, at 193c Brīvības Street, close to central Riga. The club opened on Friday, May 13, 2006, with a show by the leading Latvian, technical, death metal band Neglected Fields whose front man, Sergejs \"Destruction\" Kustovs, became a co-owner of the venue. Since its first event, Melnā Piektdiena has become the linchpin of the Latvian metal music scene. Despite its official capacity of only 666 guests (which can be updated to 1000 concertgoers if the bar and smoking area capacities are counted in), the cult reputation of the club attracts world-famous foreign metal bands, as well as local and Baltic musicians. The club also embraces other genres of music, including gothic, progressive rock, electronic, and industrial music among others. The following list might be incomplete. Some of the bands mentioned below have played Melnā Piektdiena more than once. Carpathian Forest, Keep of Kalessin, Hate, Danny Cavanagh, Moonspell, and To/Die/For played, plus shows with local bands were held. A series of concerts called InnerFade was launched. Napalm Death, Cannibal Corpse, Type O Negative, Krisiun, Týr, Samael, Rotting Christ, Leaves' Eyes, Atrocity, Decapitated, Incantation, Marduk, Chthonic), and Antimatter, among others, played. Obtest, Soilwork, Overkill, Anal Cunt, Dark the Suns, Negură Bunget, Paul Gilbert, Vader, Grave, Immolation, Melechesh, Enslaved, Metsatöll, Excrementory Grindfuckers, and Emilie Autumn, among others, appeared. Kreator, Caliban, Eluveitie, Richie Kotzen, Shining, Blaze Bayley, Chimaira, Unearth, Throwdown, and Dååth played. An Anthrax concert was planned, but did not happen because the band cancelled their entire European tour due to a change of vocalists. Local traditions were continued, such as the Fresh Blood band battle. The first Under the Black Metal Siege event was organized by Dark Domination. Dark Funeral, Nargaroth, Carach Angren, Brian «Head» Welch of Korn, Despised Icon, Winds of Plague, Parkway Drive, Torture Killer, 50 Lions, Sadist, Nokturnal Mortum, Sabaton, Alestorm, Therion, and Loch Vostok appeared. A summer mini-fest was announced at the club in July headlined by Napalm Death and featuring Black Cobra, Weedeater, Saviours and Caliban, along with other acts. The festival was a stripped-down version of the Open Air Metalshow previously held annually at Blome near Smiltene town in the Vidzeme region; by 2010 the economic crisis had severely hurt Latvia, and the promoters could not afford a full-scale major event. The smaller festival, held in and around the Melnā Piektdiena venue, proved even more unsuccessful, nearly dragging the club into bankruptcy. The Midsummer Metal Fest has been discontinued in Latvia since then. Combichrist, Mortiis, Obituary, Sacramental, Nile, Onslaught, Suidakra, Gods Tower, and Amorphis played Melnā Piektdiena for the first time, as well as many returning bands. For the first time, Wacken Metal Battle was announced for Latvian bands to win a chance to play at the largest European metal fest, the Wacken Open Air in Germany, plus being eligibile to compete for a record deal with Nuclear Blast. A thrash metal band from Rēzekne, Sacramental, won the inaugural Latvian Wacken Metal Battle, followed by progressive death metal 4-piece Opifex (Riga) and thrashers Asthma (Daugavpils) in the next years' competitions. The Fresh Blood band competition was cancelled as it was observed, over the years, that quick local fame was doing more harm than good to up-and-coming bands over the long term. Sepultura, Soulfly, Fear Factory, Altar of Plagues, Death in June, Monarch!, Hatesphere, Michael Angelo Batio, Rotting Christ, Sacramental, Cradle of Filth, Celldweller and Аркона, plus others appeared. A new annual event, Doomevening (or \"Drūmvakar!\" in Latvian), was established by Frailty's management. On the December 21, following the craze about the alleged \"end of the world\", according to an ancient Mayan stone calendar, a special event - \"End of the World\" (\"Pasaules Gals\") featuring a nude S&M show was held. Meshuggah, Children of Bodom, Sacramental, Converge, Rotten Sound, Riverside, Betraying the Martyrs, Master, Ufomammut, and U.D.O. appeared. Evoken appeared at the Antithesis III event. For their show in Riga, Hypocrisy renamed their all-time biggest hit \"Roswell 47\" (from their album \"Abducted\") to \"Riga 47\" for one night. Shows by Turisas, Esoteric, and others were announced for 2014. The venue also hosts the annual Latvian Metal Music Awards ceremony. The club, while primarilyy devoted to extreme music, is open to all kinds of shows and promoters of all types of bands, projects, and genres, including: electronic music, house, hiphop, dubstep etc. There is a tradition, after playing Melnā Piektdiena for the first time, foreign band members are asked to autograph an A4 photo of themselves, which is then framed and permanently hung at the wall near the bar. In the early hours of the parliamentary election day, September 17, a local electronic dance music DJ and event promoter Aļiks Kalašņikovs was murdered outside the club while leaving the venue. Following a drunken brawl in a parking lot, the victim was shot seven times in the stomach with an illegally modified gun and died fifteen minutes later. The killer, Alfrēds Guže, who at age 29 already had six previous convictions for armed robberies, aggravated assaults, and burglary, was arrested by the police four days later in part because of testimony by Melnā Piektdiena staff and other eyewitnesses. He was found guilty of manslaughter and is currently serving his 9-year and 3-month sentence that includes an added year for another felony committed earlier. This cold blooded murder attracted an unusually high level of attention from the Latvian media venue. Melnā Piektdiena The Melnā Piektdiena club (literally \"The Black Friday\" in Latvian) is a cult, underground, heavy, and extreme music concert venue in Riga, Latvia. Over the years, it has hosted shows by some of the most respected artists within a variety of genres, including bands such as:"
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"Hupmobile Hupmobile was an automobile built from 1909 through 1939 by the Hupp Motor Car Company. The prototype was developed in 1908 and had its first successful run on November 8 with investors aboard for champagne at the Tuller Hotel a few blocks away. The company was incorporated in November of that year. The first Hupmobile model, the Hupp 20, was introduced at the 1909 Detroit automobile show. It was an instant success. In 1909, Bobby Hupp co-founded Hupp Motor Car Company, with Charles Hastings, formerly of Oldsmobile, who put up the first US$8500 toward manufacturing Hupp's car. They were joined by investors J. Walter Drake, Joseph Drake, John Baker, and Edwin Denby. Drake was elected president; Hupp was vice president and general manager. Emil Nelson, formerly Nelson, formerly of Oldsmobile and Packard, joined the company as chief engineer. Hastings was named assistant general manager. In late 1909 Bobby's brother, Louis Gorham Hupp (November 13, 1872, Grand Rapids – December 10, 1961, Bloomfield Hills), left his job with the Michigan Central Railroad in Grand Rapids and joined the company. Hupp Motors obtained US$25,000 in cash deposits at the 1909 automobile show (the lowest capitalization of Detroit's eight major car makers) to begin manufacturing the Hupp 20. The first cars were built in a small building at 345 (now 1161) Bellevue Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. The company immediately outgrew this space and began construction of a factory a few blocks away at E. Jefferson Avenue and Concord, next to the former Oldsmobile plant. The company produced 500 vehicles by the end of the 1909 model year (the fall of 1909). Production increased to more than 5,000 in the 1910 model year. Henry Ford paid the Hupp 20 the ultimate compliment. \"I recall looking at Bobby Hupp's roadster at the first show where it was exhibited and wondering whether we could ever build as good a small car for as little money.\" When Hupp left Hupp Motors in 1913, he informed the company his supplier companies would devote their full capacity to make parts for RCH. Facing the loss of manufactured parts from Hupp Corporation and increasing demand for the Hupmobile, Hupp Motors acquired seven acres for a new factory at Mt. Elliott and Milwaukee. It moved into the new plant in late April 1912. (This factory was demolished as part of site clearance for General Motors' \"Poletown\" assembly plant in the early 1980s.) Hupp Motors sold the Jefferson Avenue plant to the King Motor Car Company. In 1911 Hupp became one of two automakers pioneering the use of all-steel bodies, joining BSA in the U.K. Nelson approached Hale & Kilburn Company in Philadelphia looking for help with developing an all-metal body for the Hupp 32. Hale & Kilburn had pioneered the replacement of cast iron with pressed steel for many parts for the interiors of railway carriages. According to Nelson, “None of the Detroit plants would contract” to make an all-steel body for the Hupp 32. Edward Budd and Joseph Ledwinka were employed at Hale & Kilburn at the time, Budd as the general manager and Ledwinka as engineer. Budd was interested in the project. Hale & Kilburn had built some body panels for King and Paige but Budd had grander aspirations the Hupp project would permit him to pursue. Budd and Ledwinka worked with Nelson to develop means to manufacture Nelson's design for this body. They devised a system where the body's numerous steel stampings were welded together by hand and supported by a crude system of angle iron supports that held the welded subassemblies together. The disassembled bodies were shipped by rail to Detroit where they were put back together, painted and trimmed in the Hupmobile factory. Both the touring car and a coupe were made by this process and even one Hupmobile limousine. In 1911 no one, not Nelson, Ledwinka or Budd, thought to patent the process to manufacture all-steel bodies. While the Hupp 32 bodies were in production, Budd and Ledwinka left and formed the Edward G. Budd Manufacturing Company. In 1914, Ledwinka filed for and received a patent for the process of making all-steel bodies. However, Budd later lost a patent infringement litigation it brought against C.R. Wilson Body Company when the court held that the Ledwinka patent was invalid. \"[A]fter the art had developed...Ledwinka has endeavored to go back and cover by a patent that which had become public property... [H]e is endeavoring to bring under his patent those things which belong to the public.\" The court relied on the production of the Hupp 32 in 1911 as a major example of the prior art. The opinion does provide insight as to what was or was not novel about the process to manufacture the Hupp 32's body. Several thousand all steel touring cars were made before Nelson resigned as Chief Engineer in 1912. Hupmobile's commitment to this leading edge approach did not survive his departure. The rest of the Hupp 32 production used conventional body assembly processes. Carl Wickman, a car dealer in Hibbing, Minnesota, used an unsold 7-passenger model as the first vehicle for what became Greyhound. In 1913 Frank E. Watts was hired as a designer. Hupp Motor Car Company continued to grow after its founder left. Hupp competed strongly against Ford and Chevrolet. DuBois Young became company president in 1924, advancing from vice-president of manufacturing. By 1928 sales had reached over 65,000 units. To increase production and handle sales growth, Hupp purchased the Chandler-Cleveland Motors Corporation (Chandler Motor Car) for its manufacturing facilities. Sales and production began to fall even before the depression in 1930. A strategy to make the Hupmobile a larger, more expensive car began with the 1925 introduction of an 8-cylinder model, followed by the elimination of the 4-cylinder Hupmobile after 1925. (Hupmobile made only 4-cylinder cars from 1909 to 1924.) While aiming for a more lucrative market segment, Hupp turned its back on its established clientele. This was the same mistake that many other medium-priced carmakers made at the same time. In an attempt to capture every possible sale, they offered many different models. With Hupmobile's low production volume, the result was that no model could be produced in sufficient quantity to achieve economy of scale. Hupp abandoned its more conservatively styled product line and turned to industrial designer Raymond Loewy to design its 1932 Hupp cyclefender, a flashy roadster that did well at the track, but sales continued to decline. 1934 saw the introduction of a striking restyle called the \"Aerodynamic\" by Loewy, as well as the lower-priced series 417-W using Murray-built slightly-modified Ford bodies. Despite technical innovations, squabbles among stockholders and an attempted hostile takeover in 1935 took their toll on the company. By 1936 the company was forced to sell some of its plants and assets and in 1937 Hupmobile suspended manufacturing. A new line of six- and eight-cylinder cars was fielded for 1938, but by this time Hupp had very few dealers, and sales were disappointingly low. Desperate for a return to market strength, on February 8, 1938, Hupmobile acquired the production dies of the Gordon Buehrig-designed Cord 810, paying US$900,000 for the tooling. Hupmobile hoped using the striking Cord design in a lower-priced conventional car, called the Skylark, would return the company to financial health. Enthusiastic orders came in by the thousands, but production delays soured customer support. Lacking adequate production facilities, Hupmobile partnered with the ailing Graham-Paige Motor Co. to share the Cord dies. Hupmobile and Graham both sold similar models, all to be built at Graham-Paige's facilities. While each marque used its own power train, the Graham edition, called the Hollywood, differed from the Skylark in a few minor details. In 1939, deliveries of the Hupmobile Skylark finally began. Unfortunately, it had taken too many years to produce and most of the",
"of the Gordon Buehrig-designed Cord 810, paying US$900,000 for the tooling. Hupmobile hoped using the striking Cord design in a lower-priced conventional car, called the Skylark, would return the company to financial health. Enthusiastic orders came in by the thousands, but production delays soured customer support. Lacking adequate production facilities, Hupmobile partnered with the ailing Graham-Paige Motor Co. to share the Cord dies. Hupmobile and Graham both sold similar models, all to be built at Graham-Paige's facilities. While each marque used its own power train, the Graham edition, called the Hollywood, differed from the Skylark in a few minor details. In 1939, deliveries of the Hupmobile Skylark finally began. Unfortunately, it had taken too many years to produce and most of the orders had been canceled. Production lasted only a couple of months, and only 319 Skylarks were produced. Hupmobile ceased production in late summer. Graham-Paige suspended production shortly after the last Hupmobile rolled off the line. In a constant effort to remain competitive, Hupp introduced a number of new features. They were one of the very first U.S. automakers to equip their cars with \"free wheeling\" a device that enjoyed immense, but brief, popularity in automobiles in the 1930s. Hupmobile also pioneered fresh-air car heaters with the Evanair-Conditioner. In 1914, Eric Wickman tried to establish a Hupmobile dealership but could not sell them so he started transporting miners in one of the vehicles and founded Greyhound Lines. The National Football League was created at Ralph Hay's Hupmobile dealership in Canton, Ohio in 1920. The Skylark's grille later inspired the grilles used on Lincoln Continental models in the 1940s. Their heater technology became widely adopted in the industry. The Hupmobile dealership in Omaha, Nebraska is a prominent historic landmark. The dealership building in Washington, D.C. is now the H Street Playhouse. For specifications on various Hupmobile models: Hupmobile Hupmobile was an automobile built from 1909 through 1939 by the Hupp Motor"
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"Mapperley, Derbyshire Mapperley is a village and civil parish in the Amber Valley district of Derbyshire, England, situated northeast of Derby and northwest of Ilkeston. In the 2001 census it had a population of 253, increasing to 289 at the 2011 Census. The village is on a loop off the A609 Nottingham to Belper road. A minor road leading to Shipley was closed by Derbyshire County Council in 2007. The village is inaccessible from the rest of Amber Valley by road. The facilities in the village include a church, a C of E primary school and a pub. Mapperley Colliery, which was in operation from 1871 until 1965, was formerly a major employer in the area. Mapperley, Derbyshire Mapperley is a village and civil parish in the Amber Valley district of Derbyshire, England, situated northeast of Derby and northwest of Ilkeston. In the 2001 census it had a population of 253, increasing to 289 at the 2011 Census. The village is on a loop off the A609 Nottingham to Belper road. A minor road leading to Shipley was closed by Derbyshire County Council in 2007. The village is inaccessible from the rest of Amber Valley by road. The facilities in"
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"retrieved": [
"Jan Mangerud Jan Mangerud (born 29 November 1937 in Oslo) is a Norwegian geologist who grew up in Lillestrøm, Akershus, and currently lives in Rådal, Bergen. Mangerud graduated from the University of Oslo with a Bachelor's degree (cand.mag.) in 1961 and a master's degree (cand.real.) in 1962, and in 1973 he obtained a Doctorate (dr. philos.) from the University of Bergen, where he started a long lasting cooperation with Professor Bjørn G. Andersen, becoming a professor at the same university in 1977. He is also connected to the University of Bergen's Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, now as Professor emeritus (2013). Mangerud was a visiting scholar at Stockholm University in 1965 and the University of Minnesota in 1972, and a visiting professor at the Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado on several occasions. He has been involved in supervising research activities at the Norwegian Research Council for Science and the Humanities and the Research Council of Norway, and his own publications in academic journals number about 160. Mangerud became a member of the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters in 1987, the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters in 1992, the Royal Swedish Physiographic Society in 1996, and the Academia Europaea in 1991. He was the first Norwegian to become an honorary member of the Quaternary Research Association, in 2006, and the International Union for Quaternary Research, in 2007. He has won several prizes for his research, including the Reusch Medal in 1971 and the Brøgger Prize in 2005. Childlike curiosity and enthusiasm characterize Mangerud, and when he resigned as professor at the University of Bergen in 2005, he knew that it was precisely these qualities that were the key to his success as a researcher. Jan Mangerud Jan Mangerud (born 29 November 1937 in Oslo)"
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"Wizardry Wizardry is a series of role-playing video games, developed by Sir-Tech, which were highly influential in the evolution of modern role-playing video games. The original \"Wizardry\" was a significant influence on early console role-playing games such as \"Final Fantasy\" and \"Dragon Warrior\". Originally made for the Apple II, the games were later ported to other platforms. The last game in the original series by Sir-Tech was \"Wizardry 8\", released in 2001. There have since been various spin-off titles released only in Japan. \"Wizardry\" began as a simple dungeon crawl by Andrew C. Greenberg and Robert Woodhead. It was written when they were students at Cornell University and published by Sir-Tech. The game was influenced by earlier games from the PLATO system, most notably \"Oubliette\". The earliest installments of \"Wizardry\" were very successful, as they were the first graphically-rich incarnations of \"Dungeons & Dragons\"-type gameplay for home computers. The release of the first version coincided with the height of Dungeons & Dragons' popularity in North America. The first five games in the series were written in Apple Pascal, an implementation of UCSD Pascal. They were ported to many different platforms by writing UCSD Pascal implementations for the target machines (Mac II cross-development). David W. Bradley took over the series after the fourth installment, adding a new level of plot and complexity. In 1998, the rights were transferred to 1259190 Ontario Inc., and in 2006 to Aeria IPM. In 2008, Aeria IPM merged with Gamepot, the developer of \"Wizardry Online\". The original \"Wizardry\" series is composed of eight different titles. All of the titles were first released in North America, and then ported to Japanese computers. Some of the titles were also officially released in Europe. The first three games are a trilogy, with similar settings, plots, and gameplay mechanics. A second trilogy is formed by installments 6 through 8 – \"Bane of the Cosmic Forge\", \"Crusaders of the Dark Savant\" and \"Wizardry 8\" – with settings and gameplay mechanics that differed greatly from the first trilogy. The fourth game, \"The Return of Werdna\", was a significant departure from the rest of the series. In it, the player controls Werdna (\"Andrew,\" one of the game's developers, spelled backwards), the evil wizard slain in the first game, and summons groups of monsters to aid him as he fights his way through the prison in which he had been held captive. Rather than monsters, the player faced typical adventuring parties, some of which were pulled from actual user disks sent to Sir-Tech for recovery. Further, the player had only a limited number of keystrokes to use to complete the game. In Japan, the \"Wizardry\" series was translated by ASCII Entertainment, and became very influential during the 1980s, even as its popularity at home declined. When first introduced, the games suffered from the culture barrier compounded by low-quality translation. This meant that the game was taken seriously by players who overlooked the in-game jokes and parodies. For example, \"Blade Cusinart\" was introduced in early games as \"a legendary sword made by the famous blacksmith, Cusinart \" but its meaning was misinterpreted because Cuisinart food processors were virtually unknown in Japan. However, this misconception appealed to early computer gamers who were looking for something different and made the \"Wizardry\" series popular. Conversely, the fourth game, \"The Return of Werdna\", was poorly received, as, lacking the knowledge of subcultures necessary to solving the game, Japanese players had no chance of figuring out some puzzles. The eight main titles in the series are: In 1996, the series received the first (and, so far, only) spin-off developed in North America, titled \"Wizardry Nemesis\". It is played as a solo adventure: one character only, with no supporting party or monsters. All players use the same character, without the ability to choose class or attributes. In addition, the game contains only 16 spells, compared to 50 in the first four adventures, and more in the subsequent ones. It is also the first \"Wizardry\" title where the player saw enemies in advance and thus could try to avoid them. The popularity of \"Wizardry\" in Japan inspired several original sequels, spinoffs, and ports, with the series long outliving the American original. As of 2017, thirty-nine different spin-offs were released in Japan, with four of them also making their way to North America: \"\", \"\", \"Wizardry Online\" and \"Wizrogue: Labyrinth of Wizardry\". The latest is also the last original game produced in the series, released in Japan in 2014, and officially released in English worldwide in 2017. The original \"Wizardry\" game was a success, selling 24,000 copies by June 1982, just nine months after its release according to Softalk‘s sales surveys. In the June 1983 issue of \"Electronic Games\", \"Wizardry\" was described as \"without a doubt, the most popular fantasy adventure game for the Apple II at the present time\". While noting limitations such as the inability to divide the party, or the emphasis on combat over role-playing, the magazine stated that \"no other game comes closer to providing the type of contest favored by most players of non-electronic role-playing games... one outstanding programming achievement, and an absolute 'must buy' for those fantasy gamers who own an Apple\". Spin-offs originally released in Japan received generally positive reviews in North America. Gamespot reviewed \"Wizardry: Tale of the Forsaken Land\" in 2002 and awarded it a score of 8.5 out of 10. In 2011, \"Wizardry: Labyrinth of Lost Souls\" was also reviewed by Gamespot and received a score of 7.5 out of 10. In Japan, readers of \"Famitsu\" magazine considered the Famicom port of the original \"Wizardry I\" to be one of the 100 best games of all time. The series was ranked as the 60th top game (collectively) by \"Next Generation\" in 1996. They cited the \"huge dungeons with elaborate quests and tons of differing enemies.\" Fans of the series included Robin Williams, Harry Anderson, and the Crown Prince of Bahrain; the latter even called Sir-Tech on the phone. \"Wizardry\" established the command-driven battle system with a still image of the monster being fought. This system would be emulated in later games, such as \"The Bard's Tale\", \"Dragon Quest\", and \"Final Fantasy\". The party-based combat in \"Wizardry\" also inspired Richard Garriott to include a similar party-based system in \"\". \"Wizardry\" was the first game to feature what would later be called prestige classes. Aside from the traditional classes of Fighter, Mage, Priest, Thief and Bard, players could take Bishop, Lord, Ninja and Samurai if they had the right attributes and alignment. In the case of Lord and Ninja, at least in the first episodes of the sequel, it was impossible to receive all the attributes needed when first rolling characters; this meant the player needed to gain levels to achieve those attributes and then cross classes, so they can be considered proper prestige classes. \"Wizardry VI\" allowed starting with any class if the player invested enough time during the random character attribute generation. \"Wizardry\" inspired many clones and served as a template for role-playing video games. Some notable series that trace their look and feel to \"Wizardry\" include 1985's \"The Bard's Tale\" and the \"Might and Magic\" series. \"Wizardry\" is the major inspiration to the Nintendo DS title \"The Dark Spire\". While the game follows its own story and maps, much of the game uses the same game play mechanics, even going so far as including a \"classic\" mode that removes all of the game's graphics, replacing them with a wireframe environment, 8-bit-style sprites for monsters and characters, and chiptune music. The game's publisher, Atlus, also published another Wizardry spin-off, \"\". While designing the popular Japanese role-playing game \"Dragon Quest\", Yuji Horii drew inspiration from",
"generation. \"Wizardry\" inspired many clones and served as a template for role-playing video games. Some notable series that trace their look and feel to \"Wizardry\" include 1985's \"The Bard's Tale\" and the \"Might and Magic\" series. \"Wizardry\" is the major inspiration to the Nintendo DS title \"The Dark Spire\". While the game follows its own story and maps, much of the game uses the same game play mechanics, even going so far as including a \"classic\" mode that removes all of the game's graphics, replacing them with a wireframe environment, 8-bit-style sprites for monsters and characters, and chiptune music. The game's publisher, Atlus, also published another Wizardry spin-off, \"\". While designing the popular Japanese role-playing game \"Dragon Quest\", Yuji Horii drew inspiration from the \"Wizardry\" series, 1986's \"Mugen no Shinzou\" (\"Heart of Phantasm\"), and the \"Ultima\" series of games. Horii's obsession with \"Wizardry\" was manifested as an easter egg in one of his earlier games, \"The Portopia Serial Murder Case\" in 1983. In a dungeon-crawling portion of that adventure game, a note on the wall reads \"MONSTER SURPRISED YOU.\" The English fan translation added a sidenote explaining \"This is Yuji Horii wishing he could have made this game an RPG like \"Wizardry\"!\" Wizardry's legacy continued in Japan after the parent company ended, with titles such as \"Wizardry Gaiden,\" \"Wizardry Empire,\" \"Wizardry XTH,\" and \"Wizardry Renaissance\" being developed after the original games were released and generally keeping the same tropes, themes, and mechanics. Notably \"Wizardry XTH: Academy of Frontier\" swapped the original's Gothic themes for a modern day military school setting, adding item crafting and party member compatibility to the Wizardry formula. Much like the original Wizardry, XTH spawned a direct storyline sequel, \"Wizardry XTH: Unlimited Students.\" The second XTH game was used as the basis for and shared code with \"Class of Heroes,\" which swapped the modern science fiction elements for a combination of High School, High Fantasy, and Anime aesthetics. Class of Heroes would go on to spawn several sequels and spinoffs itself. Following the shutdown of Michaelsoft, the director of \"Wizardry XTH,\" Motoya Ataka took a group of programmers he called \"Team Muramasa\" that had worked on \"Empire\" and \"XTH\" and went on to found Experience Inc., creating a series of PC games with Wizardry XTH's mechanics called \"Generation Xth\". These would later be ported to the PlayStation Vita, their ports localized as \"\" and \"Operation Babel\". Experience would go on to create several other DRPGs using Wizardry's mechanics as a starting point, including \"Students of the Round,\" \"Stranger of Sword City,\" and \"Demon Gaze.\" Starfish, the development team behind \"Wizardry Empire,\" would later go on to create \"Elminage,\" a series of DRPGs that retained the original Gothic aesthetic of the western \"Wizardry\" games. \"Elminage\" was notable for using the expanded \"kemonojin\" races from \"Wizardry Asterisk,\" also by Starfish, as well as the summoner class from \"Wizardry: Summoner\" -- these included \"Were-Beast,\" \"Dragonnewt,\" \"Fairy,\" and \"Devilkin\" as well as expanded classes such as \"Brawler\" (a hand to hand melee specialist), \"Alchemist\" (a combination crafting class and spellcaster), and \"Summoner\" (a spellcasting class that can tame and summon monsters from the dungeon). These \"expanded\" Japanese Wizardry mechanics would be reused in future Elminage games as well as notably \"Class of Heroes.\" In 2009 several Japanese publishers and Development teams started a \"Brand Revitalization plan,\" which they called . After Sir-Tech, the original Wizardry creator in the US, was dissolved, several semi-official games were created in Japan of varying quality and thematic elements. \"Wizardry Renaissance\" aimed to \"rebuild\" the brand by agreeing to a certain \"worldview\" and quality standards to these semi-official Wizardry games. Wizardry Renaissance titles include: These titles were released from late 2009 to 2016, with the latest activity being Wizrogue being re-released as a more standard single-purchase RPG without any in app purchase elements in 2017. The popularity of \"Wizardry\" in Japan also inspired various light novels, manga comics, Japanese pen-and-paper role-playing games, and an original video animation. A popular light novel series titled \"Sword Art Online\" also had a character who stated that his inspiration came from this game. Most have been released only in Japan. Wizardry Wizardry is a series of role-playing video games, developed by Sir-Tech, which were highly influential in the evolution of modern role-playing video games. The original \"Wizardry\" was a significant influence on early console role-playing games such as \"Final Fantasy\" and \"Dragon Warrior\". Originally made for the Apple II, the games were"
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"ROHHAD Rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysregulation, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysregulation (ROHHAD) is a rare condition whose etiology is currently unknown. ROHHAD mainly affects the endocrine system and autonomic nervous system, but patients can exhibit a variety of symptoms. Patients present with both alveolar hypoventilation along with hypothalamic dysfunction, which distinguishes ROHHAD from congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS). ROHHAD is a rare disease, with only 100 reported cases worldwide thus far. The first sign of ROHHAD is a rapid weight gain between 1.5 and 11 years of age. Typically, hypoventilation, or abnormally slow breathing, presents after the rapid onset obesity. Symptoms of hypothalamic dysfunction and autonomic dysfunction present in a variety of ways, but in order for a diagnosis of ROHHAD they must be present in some form. Approximately 40% of patients will develop neuroendocrine tumors. There is also a possibility of behavioral disorders, but some children with ROHHAD have normal cognitive development and intelligence. Treatment plans for ROHHAD vary depending on each patient's symptoms. There is no cure, so treatment is geared toward managing the symptoms that each patient manifests. ROHHAD is fatal in 50-60% of cases due to cardiopulmonary arrest secondary to untreated hypoventilation. The earlier the disease is diagnosed and treatment starts, the better a child's prognosis is. The rapid onset obesity aspect of ROHHAD is usually the first diagnostic indicator of the disease. Patients often present with hyperphagia and rapid weight gain. This rapid weight gain is defined as 20-30 pounds over a 6-12 month period, and typically occurs between the ages of 1.5 and 11. Hypothalamic dysfunction refers to the hypothalamus, which is a structure within the brain which participates in regulating the pituitary gland, autonomic nervous system, and endocrine system. Symptoms related to hypothalamic dysfunction may include abnormal sodium balance (hyponatremia or hypernatremia), high progestin levels, low cortisol levels, delayed or early-onset puberty, and low thyroid hormone. Patients will also often experience a decelerated growth rate throughout childhood. Sodium imbalance within the body can have severe symptoms and be potentially life-threatening if not controlled. Hyponatremia, or low sodium levels, can cause symptoms such as nausea, headache, seizures, or even cause patients to become comatose. Hypernatremia, or high sodium levels in the blood, can cause nausea, muscle weakness, altered mental status, or coma. Irregular temperature regulation and diabetes insipidus are also possible symptoms of hypothalamic dysfunction. ROHHAD patients develop these symptoms at varying ages and in varying numbers, but all patients will develop some symptoms of hypothalamic dysfunction. Symptoms of hypoventilation and breathing malfunctions typically present after the rapid weight gain. Some patients may initially develop obstructive sleep apnea, which is common in obese children. Obstructive sleep apena is the most common form of sleep apnea, and causes breathing to abruptly stop and begin again during sleep. This is caused by throat muscles relaxing during sleep and blocking the airway, and is typically noticed as patients will snore loudly throughout the night. Every patient diagnosed with ROHHAD develops alveolar hypoventilation, regardless of whether they presented with sleep apnea. Alveolar hypoventilation is a condition in which patients have very low blood oxygen levels and shallow breathing. In healthy patients, when blood oxygen levels are low, the brain sends a signal to breathe and bring more oxygen to the blood. In ROHHAD patients, this reaction does not occur. This condition is usually only present during sleep, however in more severely affected patients shallow breathing may continue throughout the day. Hypoventilation can go unnoticed until cardiopulmonary arrest, which is why ROHHAD has the potential to be a fatal disease. Ventilatory support is required for patients during sleep, however it is only needed during waking hours for those most severely affected (about 50% of patients). Autonomic dysfunction refers to the autonomic nervous system, which is responsible for regulating internal processes without conscious intervention. This may involve abnormalities in cardiac rhythm, temperature regulation, digestion, and eye movements. Not all ROHHAD patients will experience all of these symptoms, however they will have at least some of these issues. Examples of autonomic dysfunction include hyperthermia, hypothermia, pupillary dysfunction, strabismus, chronic constipation, and chronic diarrhea. Approximately 40% of ROHHAD patients will develop tumors originating in the neural crest. These tumors are typically classified as ganglioneuroma or ganglioneuroblastomas. These tumors are not believed to significantly worsen or contribute to the prognosis of ROHHAD. It was suggested that ROHHAD be renamed ROHHADNET in order to include these tumors in the diagnostic criteria, but this has only been adopted for patients who develop these tumors. Some children diagnosed with ROHHAD may also prevent with behavioral disorders and/or intellectual disability, however this is believed to be a result of low oxygen levels secondary to hypoventilation during childhood development. The later ROHHAD is diagnosed, the greater the risk for behavioral problems due to hypoxia from hypoventilation or during cardiopulmonary arrest. The etiology of ROHHAD is currently unknown, and the condition is diagnosed based on a set of clinical criteria. It is believed that there may be a genetic component to ROHHAD, however there is no widely accepted gene linked to the disease. There has been one ROHHAD patient identified to have a mutation in the retinoic acid-induced 1(RAI1) gene through Whole Exome Sequencing, but there has been no otherwise proven link between the RAI1 gene and ROHHAD. It is believed that ROHHAD originates from a combination of genetic and environmental or immunological factors. As of yet, evidence of its etiology has not been discovered and is not well understood. In 2011, a case of monozygotic twins with divergent ROHHAD phenotypes was reported. One twin was affected with ROHHAD and developed symptoms, while the other twin developed normally. This report questioned the theory that ROHHAD is genetically inherited, and the authors suggest that the disease may have an autoimmune or epigenetic etiology. The pathophysiology of ROHHAD is not currently known or understood. Rapid obesity is the first symptom to arise between the ages of 1.5 and 11. This is typically followed by hypoventilation, which if left untreated, can result in fatal cardiorespiratory arrest. This is why early diagnosis has proven to be imperative for ROHHAD patients, and it has been suggested that ROHHAD be considered in every isolated case of early rapid-onset obesity. Early diagnosis is also vital in maintaining electrolyte and hormone balances caused by hypothalamic dysfunction in order to promote healthy development and prevent further problems. As the symptoms of ROHHAD are so diverse and the condition is so rare, the disease is often misdiagnosed as Cushing's disease or Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome when it first presents in patients. As the cause of ROHHAD is unknown, there is no way to prevent onset of the disease. There is no known cure for ROHHAD, therefore treatment for the disease involves managing symptoms as they manifest in the patient. As not all ROHHAD patients develop the same symptoms, treatment plans vary between patients. Proper treatment of hypothalamic dysfunction and hypoventilation is the most critical aspect of ROHHAD management, as these symptoms have the greatest ability to cause death or behavioral problems if left uncontrolled. Attempting to control weight through diet and exercise can be exceedingly difficult in",
"are so diverse and the condition is so rare, the disease is often misdiagnosed as Cushing's disease or Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome when it first presents in patients. As the cause of ROHHAD is unknown, there is no way to prevent onset of the disease. There is no known cure for ROHHAD, therefore treatment for the disease involves managing symptoms as they manifest in the patient. As not all ROHHAD patients develop the same symptoms, treatment plans vary between patients. Proper treatment of hypothalamic dysfunction and hypoventilation is the most critical aspect of ROHHAD management, as these symptoms have the greatest ability to cause death or behavioral problems if left uncontrolled. Attempting to control weight through diet and exercise can be exceedingly difficult in patients with ROHHAD due to a number of factors. Encouraging ROHHAD patients to exercise vigorously can be dangerous, as their breathing will not increase with exertion and this can cause hypoxia. Therefore, it is important for ROHHAD patients to exercise at a moderate intensity and for their oxygen levels to be monitored throughout. Typically, the obesity associated with ROHHAD is managed by preventing further weight gain as the child grows. Treatment for hypothalamic dysfunction is tailored to each patient's needs, as there is no set of hypothalamic symptoms that all ROHHAD patients will manifest.All ROHHAD patients should be evaluated by a pediatric endocrinologist in order to determine a treatment plan for hypothalamic dysfunction. Patients may be given human growth hormone to treat stunted growth, or hormone replacement to treat any hormone deficiencies. Often patients are placed on a strict fluid regimen to treat for imbalances such as hyponatremia or hypernatremia. Patients who present with diabetes insipidus may also be treated with desmopressin, a synthetic replacement for anti-diuretic hormone. Every ROHHAD patient requires some form of ventilatory support, ranging from non-invasive BiPAP machines to tracheostomy procedures. Approximately 50% of ROHHAD patients will require ventilatory support day and night, whereas the other half only require night-time support. A bilevel positive airway pressure machine, or BiPAP, is a ventilator mask worn at night. The BiPAP pushes air into the lungs, therefore breathing for the patient. This is helpful for ROHHAD patients, as hypoventilation causes the mechanism that controls breathing in oxygen to slow and sometimes stop during sleep. A tracheostomy is the result of a surgical procedure to create a hole in the trachea in order to give access to ventilatory tubing. This procedure is performed to create an airway in situations when long term continuous use of a ventilator is needed. ROHHAD patients whose hypoventilation is so severe that they require support during the day and night will often undergo tracheostomies. Treatment for autonomic dysfunction varies greatly on the severity of the dysfunction and the type. Many patients with ROHHAD experience strabismus, which is a weakness in eye muscle causing a \"cross-eyed\" effect. This can be treated with glasses, eye muscle exercises, or even surgery. ROHHAD patients also often experience bradycardia, or low heart rate. This may require a cardiac pacemaker be placed in order to regulate heartbeat. Gastrointestinal problems, such as constipation or diarrhea, are often treated on an as-needed basis with laxatives or dietary changes. It is also important that ambient temperatures are monitored in patients who have temperature regulation issues such as hyperthermia or hypothermia. Tumors of neural crest origin develop in approximately 40% of patients. These are typically ganglioneuromas or ganglioneuroblastomas. Neural crest tumors have the ability to form in multiple organs tissues throughout the body, typically in the chest or abdomen. It is therefore important for ROHHAD patients to have regular MRI and CT scans to screen for tumor growth. It is believed that these tumors do not significantly affect the prognosis for ROHHAD patients. Neuroendocrine tumors can arise 7–16 years after the initial onset of symptoms, therefore the name ROHHADNET (which includes these tumors) has not been widely accepted as it is believed this name would lead to further misdiagnosis. Treatment for these neuroendocrine tumors requires surgical removal, typically performed by a pediatric oncologist. The most dangerous and fatal aspect of ROHHAD is the potential for cardiopulmonary arrest if hypoventilation is not found and treated in a timely manner. Approximately 50 to 60% of ROHHAD patients die due to cardiopulmonary arrest. The earlier symptoms are identified and patients are diagnosed, the more positive their outcomes are. It has been found that children who are diagnosed earlier in life and received treatment for hypoventilation and hypothalamic dysfunction (fluid imbalances, etc.) are less likely to develop behavioral issues or experience sudden cardiorespiratory arrest later in life. A group at Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago has an international repository for patients with ROHHAD, which is available to researchers who are interested in the disease. As of June 2018, there are 3 clinical trials currently recruiting patients with ROHHAD being performed respectively at Lurie Children's Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, and Boston Children's Hospital. There have been at least 100 documented cases of ROHHAD worldwide. ROHHAD was first described in 1965, and this was believed to be the first reported instance of hypoventilation presenting alongside hypothalamic dysfunction. ROHHAD had often been mistaken for congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, until the distinction was made by Ize-Ludlow et al. in 2007. These conditions are now permanently differentiated from one other, as patients with CCHS have mutations in the PHOX2B gene, whereas ROHHAD patients do not. The ROHHAD Association is an organization that aims to increase awareness for ROHHAD and promote research opportunities. They also organized fundraisers and events in order to give to researchers and promote visibility of ROHHAD. ROHHAD Fight Inc is a charity that was created for Marisa, a child who was diagnosed with ROHHAD, with the goal of raising awareness for the condition. ROHHAD Rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysregulation, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysregulation (ROHHAD) is a rare condition whose etiology is currently unknown. ROHHAD mainly affects the endocrine system and autonomic nervous system, but patients can exhibit a variety of symptoms. Patients present with both alveolar hypoventilation along with hypothalamic dysfunction, which distinguishes ROHHAD from congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS). ROHHAD is a rare disease, with only 100 reported cases worldwide thus far. The first sign of ROHHAD is"
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"retrieved": [
"G. Henle Verlag G. Henle Publishers is a German publishing house that specializes in urtext editions of sheet music. The programme includes works by composers from all different periods, in particular composers from the baroque to the early twentieth century whose works are no longer under copyright. In addition to its sheet music, G. Henle Publishers also produces scholarly complete editions, books, reference works and periodicals.The publishing house also offers its Urtext editions in digital form, available in an app for tablets. The publishing house was founded on 20 October 1948 by Günter Henle with the permission of the US military government. It had offices in Duisburg and Munich. Under the founder’s direction, from the very beginning an integral part of the business was to “ensure the publication of Urtext editions of music on a scholarly basis, in particular from the 18th and 19th centuries”. It was at this time that Joseph Lehnacker (1895–1965) came up with the “Henle blue” for the cover (the same colour that is used today) as well as the design of the title font. For several decades, the engraving was done by the Universitätsdruckerei H. Stürtz (Würzburg). Later they were joined by engravers in Leipzig and Darmstadt. The first works to be published were Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s Piano Sonatas in two volumes, edited by Walther Lampe, and Franz Schubert’s Impromptus and Moments Musicaux, edited by Walter Gieseking. Towards the end of the 1990s, hand engraving of the musical texts was replaced by computers. 1949 saw the publishing house’s participation in the first post-war music fair in Detmold. In 1953 the editorial department was established at the Duisburg offices with Ewald Zimmermann (1910–1998) at its head. Due to Günter Henle’s work in industry, the publishing house was initially dubbed the \"Klöckner music factory\", yet it slowly became one of the major players in the German music publishing business. In 1955 the employees in Munich moved to the newly acquired publishing house in Schongauerstraße 24. Günter Henle was much involved in founding the Joseph Haydn Institute in Cologne in 1955. Following this, the first scholarly works in the Haydn Complete Edition were published, whose volumes have since been issued by G. Henle Publishers. In 1969 Martin Bente (*1936) took over from Friedrich Joseph Schaefer (1907–1981) as chief financial officer in Munich. Three years later, in 1972, Günter Henle established the Günter Henle Foundation in Munich, which later assumed ownership of the publishing house. The foundation was initially chaired by Günter Henle, and following his death by Walter Keim from 1979 to 1981 and then by Anne Liese Henle, Günter Henle’s wife, between 1981 and 1994, and C. Peter Henle, son of Günter and Anne Liese Henle (1994–2016). Felix Henle, son of C. Peter Henle, took over the chair in 2016. In 1978 the publishing house acquired its present offices in Forstenrieder Allee 122 in Munich. The following year, Günter Henle died. This led to the closure of the Duisburg offices and accordingly the expansion of the Munich subsidiary, with Martin Bente as its head. In 1981, the publishing house participated at the first German Music Fair in Tokyo, and at the same time, G. Henle USA Inc. was established in St. Louis, Missouri, initially as a joint venture. From 1985 onwards, this USA sales subsidiary acted solely on behalf of the Munich parent company. Holger A. Siems (*1942) was appointed CEO after having been Head of Sales since 1976. This subsidiary was closed in 2007; ever since, the publishing house has been exclusively represented in the US by the Hal Leonard Corporation in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The publishing house also participated at the First International Book fair in Beijing in 1986; in 1995 a first publishing licence was granted to the Chinese State Publishing House \"Peoples Music Publishing House\" in Beijing. To date, numerous Urtext editions by G. Henle Publishers have been published for the Chinese market with this licensing partner and also with the \"Shanghai Music Publishing House\". Since 1995 Henle has also produced “Study Editions” as pocket scores (17x24 cm) alongside its blue Urtext editions. Beginning in 2016, the publishing house has also offered its Urtext editions in digital form, available in an app for both iOS and Android tablets. Wolf-Dieter Seiffert (*1959) took over from Martin Bente as CEO in 2000, prior to this he had worked as an editor at the publishing house since 1990. In 1993 a further floor was added to the publishing house; in 2005 the ground floor was modernized and completely refurbished. The catalogue now comprises around 1500 Urtext editions and around 750 scholarly publications. At the heart of G. Henle Publishers’ programme are the so-called practical Urtext editions. They are characterized by their correct musical text – drawn up following strict scholarly principles – with an extensive commentary on the sources consulted (covering autographs, copies, early printings) and details regarding the readings. The programme now includes almost all of the important piano works and chamber music for small groups: the complete piano works of J. S. Bach, Beethoven, Brahms, Chopin, Debussy, J. Haydn, W. A. Mozart, Schubert, R. Schumann; in addition numerous other selected works for piano for two or four hands, organ works and a standard repertoire for duos and piano trios as well as music for string quartet. On top of this the catalogue also contains the complete song editions of Beethoven and Haydn and R. Schumann’s most important song cycles. The programme also comprises Urtext editions in a smaller study format (Study Edition Series) as well as several facsimile editions of composers’ manuscripts. In 2010 the publishing house asked Rolf Koenen to classify its piano literature according to levels of difficulty: there are three levels, each one subdivided into a further three; Ernst Schliephake did the same for the violin works and András Adorján for the flute music. Thus, the Prelude in C major from The Well-Tempered Clavier I was designated “easy ” (level 2) and the Toccata op. 7 by Robert Schumann as “very difficult” (9). The classification is intended to help people find pieces that are appropriate for a certain level of ability. G. Henle Verlag G. Henle Publishers is a German publishing house that specializes in urtext editions of sheet music. The programme includes works by composers from all different periods, in particular composers from the baroque to the early twentieth century whose works are no longer under copyright. In addition to its sheet music, G. Henle Publishers also produces scholarly complete editions, books, reference works and periodicals.The publishing house also offers its Urtext editions in digital form, available in an app for"
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"John D. Runkle School The John D. Runkle School is a primary school located in Brookline, Massachusetts. The school currently teaches around 600 students in a three-story red brick school building, which includes a computer lab and is adjacent to a playground of about . Usually, there are three classes at each grade level. The school recently underwent a renovation. The school was established by the town in 1897 and named after the second President of MIT, who was also a chairman of the Brookline School Committee and an early advocate of mathematics and science. The current interim principal is Jim Stoddard, and the interim vice-principal is Donna Finnegan. The school offers several sports teams including Cross Country, Volleyball, Basketball, Soccer, and Track and Field. It also allows kids to try Math Counts and Math League which is where children try difficult math problems and compete in math tournaments. John D. Runkle School The John D. Runkle School is a primary school located in Brookline, Massachusetts. The school currently teaches around 600 students in a three-story red brick school building, which includes a computer lab and is adjacent to a playground of about . Usually, there are three classes at"
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"Matthias Maierhofer Matthias Maierhofer (born 8 December 1979 in Graz, Austria) is an Austrian organist and church musician. Matthias Maierhofer received his primary music education from Karl Schmelzer-Ziringer. Later on, he studied organ and church music at the universities of Graz (Austria), Leipzig (Germany), Freiburg (Germany) and at the Schola Cantorum in Basel (Switzerland). His teachers include Arvid Gast, Andrea Marcon, Kurt Neuhauser and Martin Schmeding. He completed his studies with a soloist's diploma and graduated with honors from the University of Music, Freiburg. In 2007, Matthias Maierhofer won the international organ competition \"Pachelbel-Wettbewerb\" in Nuremberg, Germany. He received awards at the international \"Franz Schmidt-Orgelwettbewerb\" in Kitzbühel, Austria, in 2008, the international \"Bachwettbewerb\" in Arnstadt, Germany, in 2007, the international \"Orgelconcours\" in Nijmegen, Netherlands, in 2006, and the international organ competition \"M. K. Ciurlionis\" in Vilnius, Lithuania, in 2003. His successful concert career has taken him to important music festivals such as the \"Brucknertage\" at the St. Florian Monastery in Linz, Austria, the \"Internationale Orgelwoche Nürnberg\" in Nuremberg, Germany, the \"Mendelssohnfesttage\" in Leipzig, Germany, the Lithuanian \"Orgelfest\", the \"Bachwoche\" in Ansbach, Germany, the Birmingham Symphony Hall in Great Britain, the \"Izumi Hall\" in Izumi, Osaka, Japan, the \"Musikfest\" in Stuttgart, Germany, and the \"Domkonzerte\" in Riga, Latvia. As a soloist as well as an accompanying continuo organist, Matthias Maierhofer has appeared on stage with various ensembles including the \"Dresdner Kreuzchor\", the \"University Choir Leipzig\", the \"Kantorei Graz\" and the \"Staatskapelle Dresden\". He has performed for CD productions and publications of \"Edition Helbling\", and recordings of his concerts can be found in several broadcasting corporations and under the label \"Ambitus\". Between 2005 and 2009 Matthias Maierhofer worked as church musician for the Roman Catholic parish St Albertus Magnus at Freiburg, Germany. During this period he also taught at the Academy for Outstanding Students (Akademie zur Begabtenförderung) as an assistant lecturer of Martin Schmeding at the University of Music, Freiburg. In September 2009 he was appointed to a full-time position as artistic colleague at the University of Music and Theatre \"Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy\" at Leipzig, Germany. There, he taught artistic and liturgical organ and improvisation. In 2013, Matthias Maierhofer was appointed as successor of Prof. Dr. Gerre Hancock to the chair of organ and church music at the University of Texas at Austin. He was appointed Dean's Fellow in 2015 for outstanding pedagogical achievements and received the Ducloux Fellowship of the College of Fine Arts. In 2016 he moved back to Freiburg, Germany, where he accepted the chair of organ music at the University of Music, Freiburg. He was also appointed cathedral organist at the Freiburg Minster. Matthias Maierhofer Matthias Maierhofer (born 8 December 1979 in Graz, Austria) is an Austrian organist and church musician. Matthias Maierhofer received his primary music education from Karl Schmelzer-Ziringer. Later on, he studied organ and church music at the universities of Graz (Austria), Leipzig (Germany), Freiburg (Germany) and at the Schola Cantorum in Basel (Switzerland). His teachers include Arvid Gast, Andrea Marcon, Kurt Neuhauser and Martin"
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"Guru Paarvai Guru Paarvai is an Indian 1998 Tamil language thriller film written and directed by Manoj Kumar, who earlier directed \"Vandicholai Chinnarasu\" starring Sathyaraj. The film has Prakash Raj, Kushboo and Anju Aravind in lead roles, while Thalaivasal Vijay, Manivannan, Easwari Rao and Ramesh Khanna play the supporting roles. The film, produced by Manoj Kumar and N. J. Mothy, had musical score by Deva and was released on 15 August 1998 with positive reviews and became Super-Hit. The film was dubbed in Hindi as \"Naya Natwarlal\" and was remade in Telugu as \"Veedu Samanyudu Kadhu\" with Prakash Raj reprising his role from the original, and in Hindi as \"Bhairav\" with Mithun Chakraborty. The film begins with Guru Moorthi (Prakash Raj) who follows Pooja (Easwari Rao) like a mental. Guru Moorthi claims to be Mahendra Boopathi in his past life and he was in love with Alamelu. According to him, Pooja looks like his lover Alamelu and Guru Moorthi finally seduces her. They decide to get married but the day before their wedding, he foists prostitution charges on her and she is arrested. Guru Moorthi, in fact, is a mechanic living in both Vishakhapatnam and Chennai. Shanti (Kushboo), a petty thief, steals money to bring up her two nephews. She befriends Guru Moorthi and he accommodates her in his house. They both fall in love and Shanti is renamed Sonali by Guru Moorthi. They get married at the register office and Shanti signs under the name Sonali. One day, Guru Moorthi cancels the wedding of a woman named Sonali (Madhu Sharma) and he claims to be her husband, to prove it, he shows his marriage certificate. His wife Shanti doesn't understand why he behaves like a sadist and she was ready to leave him. Guru Moorthi ultimately tells her about his bitter past. In the past, Mahendra Boopathi, despite being a young gold-medalist graduate, was unable to find a work. He lived with his mother, his sister Kalyani and his maternal uncle Nagarajan (Manivannan). His neighbour Priya (Anju Aravind) fell in love with him and she decided to live in his house without getting married. Boopathi had a chance to get a job in a bank if he passed an exam. On the day of the exam, he inadvertently lost his hall-ticket. In the meantime, Pooja, Sonali and Indhu (Indhu) were attacked by the rowdy Kaali (Thalaivasal Vijay) and they killed his younger brother accidentally. The police pressured them to tell the truth, they then found Boopathi's hall-ticket at the crime scene and they blamed him for killing Kaali's younger brother. Guru Moorthi was immediately arrested. Later, Kaali's elder brother Vijay (Thalaivasal Vijay) killed Guru Moorthi's entire family and his lover Priya. Guru Moorthi was sent in jail for 7 years and Kaali fled to Ooty. Kaali changed his appearance, his name and he became a successful businessman. Hence, only Guru Moorthi and his uncle Nagarajan were the people to survive the attack on his family. Back to the present, Shanti feels sorry for her innocent husband and decides to help him in seeking his revenge and calming himself. Guru Moorthi thus now searches for Kaali and Indhu. Kaali is now married to Indhu and they have a girl. In the end, Guru Moorthi tricks Indhu into shooting Kaali to death for which she gets arrested and Guru ends up adopting Indhu's daughter as his own. The film score and the soundtrack were composed by film composer Deva. The soundtrack, released in 1998, features 6 tracks with lyrics written by Vaali, R. V. Udayakumar, Arivumathi and Vasan. Guru Paarvai Guru"
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"Austin Eldon Knowlton Austin Eldon Knowlton (July 23, 1909 – June 25, 2003) was trained as an architect but spent most of his career in the construction industry. His company designed, financed and built more than 160 college and university buildings on every major college campus in Ohio and more than 200 elementary and secondary school buildings. His companies have also constructed more than 35 major hospitals and 43 United States Post Offices throughout the country. In his lifetime, he designed more than 600 buildings. A. E. Knowlton was born in Athens, Ohio in 1909, the second child of Clarence Luster Knowlton (\"CL\") and Vertura Mae Cundiff. His father had founded Knowlton Brothers Construction in 1906 with his brother Everett and had been in the construction business in Athens, Ohio. About 1917, they were awarded the contract to build the Mary Rutan Hospital in Bellefontaine, Ohio and both brothers relocated to Bellefontaine and made it their home. The brothers separated their business about 1923, at which time \"CL\" formed his new company, C. L. Knowlton and Sons, Contractors, with sons Clarence Ernest (\"CE\") and Austin Eldon (\"AE\"). Eldon Knowlton grew up in Bellefontine, played football in high school and gained the nickname \"Dutch.\" He was graduated from Bellefontaine High School in 1927 and then attended The Ohio State University where one of his favorite professors was Howard Dwight Smith. He was a member of Alpha Rho Chi fraternity. Dutch was graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Architecture, class of 1931. He rejoined his father's firm after graduation. After his father's retirement from the business, \"AE\" and \"CE\" founded the Knowlton Construction Company in 1937. Although Dutch suffered from dyslexia, he could add long columns of numbers in his head, and used a slide rule to calculate construction bids. A. E. \"Dutch\" Knowlton's company specialized in educational, health care and commercial buildings. At his alma mater alone, he designed the Fawcett Center, Hitchcock Hall, Houck House, Jones Graduate Tower, the School of Allied Medical Professions, Wilce Health Center, Drake Union and Larkins Hall addition (the latter demolished 2005 to make way for a new Recreation and Physical Activities Center). In 1994 The Ohio State University renamed its School of Architecture the \"Austin E. Knowlton School of Architecture.\" University President E. Gordon Gee praised the gift from Knowlton that made it possible for OSU to provide the finest architectural education possible. A new building designed by the firm of Mack Scogin Merrill Elam Architects of Atlanta, Georgia, Knowlton Hall, opened for the School of Architecture in the fall of 2004. In 1995, Ohio State presented an Honorary Doctorate of Architecture to A. E. Knowlton. Austin Eldon Knowlton married Phyllis Yvonne Coulon of Bowling Green, Ohio, in August 1933 in Wilmette, Illinois. They had three children. He was divorced from Phyllis in 1974 and later married and divorced Susan J. Dlott. He resided in Bowling Green and Hamilton, Ohio before building a home on his Emerald Farms in Delaware County, Ohio in 1947. In later life he spent winters in Fort Lauderdale, Florida until he donated his Delaware estate in 2001 to Augustana College and took up Florida residence full-time. An enthusiastic sportsman, he raised championship American Saddlebred horses at Emerald Farms (colors: emerald and blue), which he showed under harness and his family under saddle for many years all over the midwest. In addition to show horses, he raced thoroughbreds and had an avid interest in baseball and football. He was a Trustee of the Little Brown Jug Society which runs the Triple Crown of Harness Racing for Pacers in Delaware, Ohio. He was a minority owner of the Cincinnati Reds in the 1970s, and was instrumental in building Riverfront Stadium. With Paul Brown, he co-founded the Cincinnati Bengals and was the largest shareholder and Chairman of the Board for twenty years. His Austin E. Knowlton Foundation has made many charitable gifts including funding the Knowlton Library of the Logan County District Library in memory of his parents and to The Ohio State University. Austin Eldon Knowlton Austin Eldon Knowlton (July 23, 1909 – June 25, 2003) was trained as an architect but spent most of his career in the construction"
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"Tracy Stafford Tracy Stafford (born January 2, 1948 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida) served in the Florida House of Representatives from 1990–2000. He currently lives in Wilton Manors, Florida, where he also served as Mayor from 1986–1990. A fifth-generation Floridian, Tracy Eugene Stafford was born the elder child of Leslie Stafford, who worked for the Eli Witt Company, and Marcia Stafford, a kindergarten teacher and City Clerk for the City of Wilton Manors. Tracy's younger sister is actress and author Nancy Stafford who was crowned Miss Florida in 1976 and would later work as an actress on the TV series \"Matlock\". At the 39th Annual Pioneer Day Event at the Fort Lauderdale History Center on December 3, 2011, the Broward County Historical Commission named both Tracy and Nancy as Broward County Pioneers. After graduating from Ft. Lauderdale High School, Tracy attended the University of Florida where he attained his Bachelor of Arts degree in English Literature and his Juris Doctorate. He was a member of the Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity, Florida Beta chapter and was elected three times to the position of Archon, representing District IV on the national Fraternity's Executive Council for a total of five years. The District IV seat was also once held by President Woodrow Wilson. Tracy was elected to the Wilton Manors City Council, serving from 1975-1981. During that time, he made an unsuccessful run for the Florida House of Representatives in 1978 when members were elected in multi-member districts. He left the Council in 1981 to accept the position of city administrator. He ran for Mayor of Wilton Manors in 1986 and won the first of two terms, serving as mayor for a total of four years. In 1990 when District 94 occupant and House Speaker Tom Gustafson was retiring from the Florida Legislature, Tracy ran as a Democrat for the open seat, beating Republican Bobbi Elder to win the first of five consecutive elections to the Florida House of Representatives, which by this time had reformed its composition to single-member districts. At that time, District 94 encompassed all of Wilton Manors, Lazy Lake, some of Oakland Park and much of Ft. Lauderdale. Because of redistricting that would take effect in 1992, Wilton Manors and some of the neighborhoods of Ft. Lauderdale and Oakland Park that had been in District 94 were now in the new District 92. However, District 92 would be a \"swing district\" of which 70 percent of its area was new and its voter composition having a Republican plurality but no partisan majority. District 92 would include most of Wilton Manors, Lazy Lake, the eastern half of Oakland Park, and a large portion of Ft. Lauderdale including Middle River Terrace, Poinsettia Heights, Lake Ridge, Victoria Park, Colee Hammock, Tarpon River, Shady Banks, the southern half of Coral Ridge Isles and all of Ft. Lauderdale beach from the Galt Ocean Mile to Harbor Beach. District 92 would also include around a third of Davie and some (at the time) unincorporated areas such as Broadview Park, Pine Island Ridge, Riverland, Lauderdale Isles and the North Andrews Neighborhood Association a.k.a. North Andrews Gardens. In 1992, Tracy successfully fended off a Democratic primary challenger and then beat the Republican Mayor of Davie and former Miami Dolphins quarterback Earl Morrall with 51.6 percent of the vote. Tracy would subsequently win election over three more Republicans including former Broward County Commissioner Jack Moss in 1994 with 55.49 percent of the vote and George LeMieux in 1998 with 56.49 percent of the vote. LeMieux would later become a Chief of Staff to Governor Charlie Crist and then be appointed a United States Senator from Florida. Due to term limits, Tracy retired from the Florida House of Representatives in 2000 and was replaced by the Democratic Mayor of Wilton Manors Jack Seiler. At various times during his five terms in the Florida House of Representatives, Tracy served as Chair of the House Juvenile Justice Committee, Broward County Legislative Delegation and Florida Advisory Council on Intergovernmental Relations. He was also appointed to chair a task force on contraband forfeiture to make recommendations to state lawmakers on how to provide a proper balance within Florida law between the ability of law enforcement to seize property used in the commission of a crime and to protect the property rights of individuals. In addition, Tracy served as a member of the House Criminal Justice Committee and House Judiciary Committee. One of Tracy's biggest legislative accomplishments was his placing the Hoffman-LaRoche drug Rohypnol - known clinically as flunitrazepam and commonly as \"roofies\" - in Schedule I of the state statutes, effectively banning the date rape drug in Florida with severe penalties for its possession and use. While it took two sessions of the Florida Legislature to pass the measure, it was the first bill signed into law by Governor Lawton Chiles in 1997, becoming Laws of Florida, Chapter 97-1. Tracy also passed legislation into law that allows the eviction of a person convicted of a crime from a rental property within 72 hours if that property was used in the commission of the crime, such as prostitution or drug dealing. Tracy also passed legislation ensuring that the results of a person's genetic test - that would potentially show a predisposition for a disease - would remain a private document at the discretion of the individual. Florida would then become only the fourth state to provide such protection to its residents. The effect of the legislation would prevent insurance companies and others from obtaining the information and then using it to make medical coverage either unaffordable or unavailable. Prior to the common use of the Internet, Tracy introduced legislation that would have mandated that information about the legislative process in the Florida Legislature be posted on the World Wide Web. He was also one of the first state legislators in Florida to provide an e-mail address for communication with constituents. Tracy would be the first member of the Florida House of Representatives to introduce legislation that would provide domestic partnership benefits to same-sex couples. Tracy Stafford Tracy Stafford (born January 2, 1948 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida) served in the Florida House of Representatives from 1990–2000. He currently lives in Wilton Manors, Florida, where he also served as Mayor from 1986–1990. A fifth-generation Floridian, Tracy Eugene Stafford was born the elder child of Leslie Stafford, who worked for the Eli Witt Company, and Marcia Stafford, a kindergarten teacher and City Clerk for the City of Wilton Manors. Tracy's younger sister is actress and author Nancy Stafford who was crowned Miss Florida in 1976 and would later"
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"Fatehpur (community development block) Fatehpur is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Jamtara district, Jharkhand state, India. It is located 27 km from Jamtara, the district headquarters. Fatehpur is located at . Fatehpur CD Block has 15 panchayats and 179 villages. Panchayats of Fatehpur CD Block are: Agaiyasarmundi, Asanberia, Bamandiha, Bandarnacha, Banudih, Bindapathar, Chapuriya, Dhasaniya, Dumaria, Fatehpur, Jamjori, Khamarbad, Palajori, Simaldubi and Simladangal. As per 2011 Census of India, Fatehpur CD Block had a total population of 89,645, all of which were rural. There were 45,546 (51%) males and 44,099 (49%) females. Scheduled Castes numbered 6,920 and Scheduled Tribes numbered 42,090. Population below 6 years was 14,008. Fatehpur is a village with a population of 4,107 as per 2011 census. census, the total number of literates in Fatehpur CD Block was 49,661 (65.66% of the population over 6 years) out of which 30,381 (61%) were males and 19,280 (39%) were females. Chittaranjan railway station on the Howrah-Delhi main line is 18 km from Fatehpur. The Ajay forms the border between Jamtara district of Jharkhand and Bardhaman district of West Bengal. There is a narrow bridge for use by pedestrians and two wheelers, across the Ajay near Chittaranjan (Simjuri). Fatehpur (community development block) Fatehpur is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Jamtara district, Jharkhand state, India. It is located 27 km from Jamtara, the district headquarters. Fatehpur is located at . Fatehpur CD Block has 15 panchayats and 179 villages. Panchayats of Fatehpur CD Block are: Agaiyasarmundi, Asanberia, Bamandiha, Bandarnacha, Banudih, Bindapathar, Chapuriya, Dhasaniya, Dumaria, Fatehpur, Jamjori, Khamarbad, Palajori, Simaldubi and Simladangal. As per 2011 Census of India, Fatehpur CD Block had a total population of 89,645, all of which were rural. There were 45,546 (51%) males and 44,099 (49%) females. Scheduled Castes"
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"Philonome curvilineata Philonome curvilineata is a species of moth of the family Tineidae. It is found in French Guiana. The length of the forewings is about 2.8 mm. The forewings are reddish brown, slightly paler along the dorsal area. The costal area is yellowish brown on the basal half, brownish white above the curvature of longitudinal fascia, pale orange on the distal fourth, intermixed with black scales on the middle and distal fourth of the costa. The longitudinal fascia is continuous to near the apex and convex at the distal third where it is white and juxtaposed with a slender black line along the lower border. The dorsal bar is straight, white and juxtaposed with a slender, intermittent, black line along the outer border. There is black irroration at the middle of the dorsal margin and on the tornal area. The hindwings are brownish grey. The species name refers to the curved longitudinal fascia on the forewings and is derived from Latin \"curvus\" (meaning curved) and \"lineatus\" (meaning line). Philonome curvilineata Philonome curvilineata is a species of moth of the family Tineidae. It is found in French Guiana. The length of the forewings is about 2.8 mm. The forewings are"
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"Walkerjet Schoolboy The Walkerjet Schoolboy is a Czech paramotor that was designed by Victor Procházka and produced by Walkerjet of Třemošná for powered paragliding. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied complete and ready-to-fly. The Schoolboy was designed as a trainer to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules as well as European regulations. It features a paraglider-style wing, two-place accommodation and a single engine in pusher configuration with a reduction drive and a fixed pitch two-bladed wooden propeller. The aircraft is built from a combination of bolted aluminium and 4130 steel tubing and is noted for its reinforced chassis. The propeller cage can be dismantled for ground transport or storage. As is the case with all paramotors, take-off and landing is accomplished by foot. Inflight steering is accomplished via handles that actuate the canopy brakes, creating roll and yaw. Walkerjet Schoolboy The Walkerjet Schoolboy is a Czech paramotor that was designed by Victor Procházka and produced by Walkerjet of Třemošná for powered paragliding. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied complete and ready-to-fly. The Schoolboy was designed as a trainer to comply with the US FAR 103"
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"The Seven Spiritual Laws of Success The Seven Spiritual Laws of Success – A Practical Guide to the Fulfillment of Your Dreams is a 1994 self-help, pocket-sized book by Deepak Chopra, published originally by New World Library, freely inspired in Hinduist and spiritualistic concepts, which preaches the idea that personal success is not the outcome of hard work, precise plans or a driving ambition, but rather of understanding our basic nature as human beings and how to follow the laws of nature. According to the book, when we comprehend and apply these laws in our lives, everything we want can be created, “because the same laws that nature uses to create a forest, a star, or a human body can also bring about the fulfillment of our deepest desires”. 1. The Law of Pure Potentiality: Take time to be silent, to just BE. Meditate for 30 minutes twice a day. Silently witness the intelligence within every living thing. Practice non-judgment. 2. The Law of Giving: Today, bring whoever you encounter a gift: a compliment or flower. Gratefully receive gifts. Keep wealth circulating by giving and receiving care, affection, appreciation and love. 3. The Law of Karma: Every action generates a force of energy that returns to us in like kind. Choosing actions that bring happiness and success to others ensures the flow of happiness and success to you. 4. The Law of Least Effort: Accept people, situations, and events as they occur. Take responsibility for your situation and for all events seen as problems. Relinquish the need to defend your point of view. 5. The Law of Intention and Desire: Inherent in every intention and desire is the mechanics for its fulfillment. Make a list of desires. Trust that when things don’t seem to go your way, there is a reason. 6. The Law of Detachment: Allow yourself and others the freedom to be who they are. Do not force solutions—allow solutions to spontaneously emerge. Uncertainty is essential, and your path to freedom. 7. The Law of Dharma: to give is to get The book appeared in the top 10 list of the 1995 \"New York Times\". The Seven Spiritual Laws of Success The Seven Spiritual Laws of Success – A Practical Guide to the Fulfillment of Your Dreams is a 1994 self-help, pocket-sized book by Deepak Chopra, published originally by New World Library, freely inspired in Hinduist and spiritualistic"
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"Frankie and Johnny (soundtrack) Frankie and Johnny is the twelfth soundtrack album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley, released on RCA Victor Records in mono and stereo, LPM/LSP 3553, on March 1, 1966. It is the soundtrack to the 1966 film of the same name starring Presley. Recording sessions took place at Radio Recorders in Hollywood, California, on May 12, 13, and 14, 1965. It peaked at number 20 on the Top LP's chart. It was certified Gold and Platinum on January 6, 2004 by the Recording Industry Association of America. To coincide with the 19th century setting of the film, some traditional song material was utilized for the soundtrack. \"When the Saints Go Marching In\" is an old gospel hymn that has become a jazz standard associated with the traditional hot jazz of New Orleans. It is paired in a medley with \"Down by the Riverside\", another traditional gospel song dating back to the relevant time period. Both are in the public domain, and the team of Giant, Baum, and Kaye captured the publishing for Freddy Bienstock and Presley's manager, Colonel Tom Parker. The title song, \"Frankie and Johnny,\" is a variant on the American popular song first published in 1904 and credited to Hughie Cannon. With changed lyrics, another publishing royalty was secured for Gladys Music. Twelve songs were recorded at the sessions for \"Frankie and Johnny\", and all were used and issued on the soundtrack. The title song was issued as a single, with \"Please Don't Stop Loving Me\" on the B-side. Released either just before or simultaneously with the album, depending if the disputed release dates are correct, \"Frankie and Johnny\" peaked at number 25 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, with the b-side also charting at number 45. During the 1970s, Pickwick Records had leased several of Presley's recordings from RCA Records and reissued the soundtrack album in 1976 with a new cover showing a 1970s-era image of Presley and the title slightly amended to \"Frankie & Johnny\". The running order of the tracks was altered and three songs from the original album were omitted —\"Chesay\", \"Look Out Broadway\", and \"Everybody Come Aboard\". The front cover does not indicate that this is a reissued soundtrack album, and it was Elvis' only soundtrack to be reissued in this way. It did not chart on the \"Billboard\" 200. This oddity remained in print for several years and when, following Presley's death in August 1977, RCA began reissuing all of his albums, the agreement between RCA and Pickwick prohibited RCA from reissuing the original, complete soundtrack album in the US for several years due to the existence of this version. The original \"Frankie and Johnny\" soundtrack album was reissued in Canada and elsewhere however. Not until 2010 would the complete original \"Frankie and Johnny\" soundtrack be widely available in the United States again. In 2003 \"Frankie and Johnny\" was reissued on the Follow That Dream label in a special edition that contained the original album tracks along with numerous alternate takes. Note Note Frankie and Johnny (soundtrack) Frankie and Johnny is the twelfth soundtrack album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley, released on RCA Victor Records in mono and stereo, LPM/LSP 3553, on March 1, 1966. It is the soundtrack to the 1966 film of the same name starring Presley. Recording sessions took place at Radio Recorders in Hollywood, California, on May 12, 13, and 14, 1965. It peaked at number 20 on the Top LP's chart. It was certified Gold and Platinum on January 6, 2004 by the Recording Industry Association of America. To coincide with"
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"Allen & Company Sun Valley Conference The Allen & Company Sun Valley Conference is an annual media finance conference hosted and wholly independently funded by private investment firm Allen & Company. The conference has taken place in Sun Valley, Idaho for one week each July since 1983. The gathering typically includes major political figures, business leaders, and figures in the philanthropic and cultural spheres. Previous conference guests have included Bill and Melinda Gates, Warren and Susan Buffett, Tony Blair, Google founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin, Allen alumnus and former Philippine Senator Mar Roxas, Google Chairman Eric Schmidt, Quicken Loans Founder & Chairman Dan Gilbert, Yahoo! co-founder Jerry Yang, Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg, Media Mogul Rupert Murdoch, eBay CEO Meg Whitman, BET founder Robert Johnson, Time Warner Chairman Richard Parsons, Nike founder and chairman Phil Knight, Dell founder and CEO Michael Dell, NBA player LeBron James, Governor Chris Christie, entertainer Dan Chandler, Katharine Graham of \"The Washington Post\", Diane Sawyer, InterActiveCorp Chairman Barry Diller, Linkedin co-founder Reid Hoffman, entrepreneur Wences Casares, EXOR and FCA Chairman John Elkann, Sandro Salsano from Salsano Group, and Washington Post CEO Donald E. Graham, Ivanka Trump and Jared Kushner, and Oprah Winfrey. Allen & Company is a private investment firm formed in 1922, with headquarters in New York City and London. Allen & Company has advised, helped found, and/or invested in companies including BET, InterActiveCorp, Oxygen Media, Discovery Communications, News Corporation, the Coca-Cola Corporation and Google. Allen & Company Sun Valley Conference The Allen & Company Sun Valley Conference is an annual media finance conference hosted and wholly independently funded by private investment firm Allen & Company. The conference has taken place in Sun Valley, Idaho for one week each July since 1983. The gathering typically includes major political figures, business leaders, and figures in"
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"Don't Let Me Go \"Don't Let Me Go\" is a song by American power pop band The Click Five, released as the third single taken from their third studio album \"TCV\". The song was written by bassist Ethan Mentzer. The song was performed during tours and shows in 2008 by Kyle and Ethan, with Ethan on guitar and Kyle singing. In the studio version, drums and backup vocals were added. The studio arrangement has yet to be performed in public. \"Don't Let Me Go\" reached a peak of number 5 on the weekly Top 20 charts on Singapore radio station 987FM. It stayed on the chart for nine weeks. At the end of the year 2011, it ranked number 55 in the best songs of 2011. MTV EXIT picked up the song to help raise awareness about human trafficking. The band worked with MTV EXIT to produce a music video, which was released on April 15, 2011. The music video begins with a close-up of lead singer Kyle Patrick, playing his guitar. The scene then switches to show several people living their lives normally, having fun and socializing, but wearing blindfolds. The blindfolds symbolize that people are not aware of what is happening around them, which is the case for human trafficking. The band is then shown blindfolded playing their instruments as Patrick's vocals come in. More scenes of people wearing blindfolds appear. The scene switches to a girl, a victim of human trafficking, crying. A caption on the screen reads, \"AT ANY ONE POINT 2.5 MILLION VICTIMS ARE TRAFFICKED WORLDWIDE\". A still of a girl holding a teddy bear is shown, the girl crying for help and the mother reaching out for her daughter. The girl is being snatched from her family to be sold to the multi-million industry of human trafficking. Three more captions are shown: \"1.2 MILLION CHILDREN ARE TRAFFICKED EACH YEAR\" & \"30% OF FEMALE VICTIMS ARE FORCED INTO LABOR.\" A photo of a group of females doing manual labor appears. Another shows a man holding a woman, wearing a \"FOR SALE\" sign. Then, \"70% OF FEMALE VICTIMS ARE TRAFFICKED INTO THE COMMERCIAL SEX INDUSTRY.\" The video switches to show a female being abused by a handler. Next: \"ANNUAL REVENUE GENERATED BY TRAFFICKING IS OVER $32 BILLION\". Finally, after displaying \"CHANCES ARE IT'S HAPPENING RIGHT IN FRONT OF YOU\", the band members start to take off their blindfolds, along with the others in the video. This symbolizes people becoming aware of human trafficking. More scenes of victims are shown. The members of the band are shown listening to survivors sharing their stories. At the end, lead singer Kyle Patrick reaches out to the camera and shuts it off. Don't Let Me Go \"Don't Let Me Go\" is a song by American power pop band The Click Five, released as the third single taken from their third studio album \"TCV\". The song was written by bassist Ethan Mentzer. The song was performed during tours and shows in"
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"Dancing on Ice (series 10) Series Ten of Dancing on Ice began airing on ITV on 7 January 2018. It was the first series since 2014 and featured a new set and ice rink, a new judging line up, and a new logo. After the tenth series, the returned from March to April 2018, starring celebrities from the series. For this series, the show relocated from its previous home at Elstree Studios to a new, purpose-built studio at RAF Bovingdon in Hertfordshire. Creative directors and mentors Christopher Dean and Jayne Torvill became head judges and alternated the role on a weekly basis, joined on the panel by newcomer Ashley Banjo and Jason Gardiner, who returned for his ninth series as judge. Phillip Schofield and Holly Willoughby returned as hosts, with Willoughby replacing Christine Lampard. Ashley's brother Jordan Banjo acted as the show's backstage digital host. On 6 November 2017, it was reported that professional skaters from the original show Brianne Delcourt, Daniel Whiston, Matt Evers, and Sylvain Longchambon would all return to the 2018 revival, with new professional skaters joining them. On 21 November 2017, it was confirmed that professional skater Mark Hanretty would also return to the 2018 show, replacing Lloyd Jones. Matt Chapman was named as commentator for the series in December 2017. However, he left after the first episode and was replaced by Sam Matterface. The competition was won by Jake Quickenden with professional partner Vanessa Bauer. \"Coronation Street\" actress Brooke Vincent was the first celebrity announced for the lineup, on 30 October 2017. More celebrities were announced in early November, including Stephanie Waring on 8 November. On 20 November, it was reported that new professional skaters Megan Marschall and Lloyd Jones had left from the series for \"personal reasons\". They were replaced by new skater Alex Murphy and returning skater Mark Hanretty. On 5 December, it was confirmed that Monty Panesar had withdrawn from the show after sustaining an injury during training. Lemar was announced as his replacement. This table only counts for dances scored on a traditional 40-point scale. The couple with the lowest votes from Week 1 will go up against the couple with the lowest votes from Week 2 in the Skate-off. The couple with the lowest votes from this week will go up against Candice & Matt, the couple with the lowest votes from Week 1, in the Skate-off. Official ratings are taken from BARB. Dancing on Ice (series 10) Series Ten of Dancing on Ice began airing on ITV on 7 January 2018. It was the first series since 2014 and featured a new set and ice rink, a new judging line up, and a new logo. After the tenth series, the returned from March to April 2018, starring celebrities from the series. For this series, the show relocated from its previous home at Elstree Studios to a new, purpose-built studio at RAF Bovingdon in Hertfordshire. Creative directors and mentors Christopher Dean and Jayne Torvill became head judges and alternated the"
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"William Morris (actor) William Henry Morris (January 1, 1861 – January 11, 1936) was an American stage and film actor. He began his career as a teenager in the theater, first appearing at the Boston Museum, 1875 and became a star on Broadway. Much theater work where he spent most of his career. He appeared in popular plays such as 1909's \"Is Matrimony a Failure?\" He was a character actor in silent films, usually playing gruff fathers or bad guys. His appearance in Alice Guy's 1917 silent film \"The Ocean Waif\", from Kino DVD, is an example of Morris's surviving screen work. He was married to actress Etta Hawkins, with whom he had four children, including 1930s film star Chester Morris. William Morris (actor) William Henry Morris (January 1, 1861 – January 11, 1936) was an American stage and film actor. He began his career as a teenager in the theater, first appearing at the Boston Museum, 1875 and became a star on Broadway. Much theater work where he spent most of his career. He appeared in popular plays such as 1909's \"Is Matrimony a Failure?\" He was a character actor in silent films, usually playing gruff fathers or bad"
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"Winston Vallenilla Winston Vallenilla (born Winston Teofilactes Vallenilla Hazell; September 22, 1973) is a Venezuelan television host and actor. Vallenilla is President of TVes (Televisora Venezolana Social), a Venezuelan television station managed by a foundation associated with the Venezuelan Ministry of Communications and Information. He is known for his political views and support of Chavismo. He was defeated as the 2013 PSUV candidate for mayor in the municipality of Baruta. Vallenilla was born in Caracas on 22 September 1973. In 1996, he participated in the Mister Venezuela competition. He ran unsuccessfully for the mayor of the Baruta municipality in 2013. and, as a political ally and supporter of Nicolás Maduro, was later named president of TVes. He has been criticized for his messages regarding the political situation in Venezuela, and for calling opposition protests in Venezuela a \"show\"; Maduro responded that Vallenilla is an excellent man, and that critics are \"envious\". He has been criticized for being a \"jalabolas\" and a \"enchufao\" (two Venezuelan terms that are very commonly used to describe people that are pro-government). In 2017, it is basically impossible for Winston Vallenilla to go to a mall or somewhere in public. He often gets called \"murderer\" in public, and he is one of the top 3 most hated men in the country. Vallenilla is married to Zita Marlene de Andrade de Sousa (aka Marlene De Andrade), an actress. They met during the filming of the telenovela \"Mujer con pantalones\" in 2005. In August 2011, the couple welcomed their first child. Presenter Telenovelas Winston Vallenilla Winston Vallenilla (born Winston Teofilactes Vallenilla Hazell; September 22, 1973) is a Venezuelan television host and actor. Vallenilla is President of TVes (Televisora Venezolana Social), a Venezuelan television station managed by a foundation associated with the Venezuelan Ministry of Communications and Information. He"
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"Rap-Up Rap-Up is a magazine launched in 2001 by founder Devin Lazerine. The publication was originally a website devoted to hip hop, until Lazerine decided to pitch the possibility of a magazine to several publishers. The magazine is focused on the hip hop and R&B aspect of the music industry, and predominantly features interviews with artists, actors and other entertainers. Issued quarterly, the magazine's target audience was the 14 to 28 demographic, although the demographic has become older over time. The magazine's first two issues were one time deals, although Lazerine and his brother Cameron received attention for their age and white background. The magazine restarted publication in 2005, when it managed to sell enough copies to ensure future releases. The magazine is sold in more than 20 countries, and a separate handbook has been released, chronicling the history of hip hop. The magazine has been nominated for two awards, and is often referenced by other magazines. \"Rap-Up\" was founded by Devin Lazerine when he was 15 years old as an after-school hobby; the magazine was an online compendium of hip hop news, gossip and top-ten music lists. After listening to the song \"Insane in the Brain\" by Cypress Hill at the age of 10, he wanted to be in the music industry but \"wasn't able to sing or rap, so that wasn't an option\". Several days after launching the website, Devin decided to pitch the idea of a magazine to select publishers; the next day, a publisher from H&S Media expressed interest in the concept. Devin worked with his brother Cameron to create the magazine, and decided it would be for a young audience, in particular the 14 to 28 demographic. The magazine's first issue was published by H&S Media in July 2001; however, the company went bankrupt shortly after publishing the first issue, which sold 200,000 copies. \"Rap-Up\" was resurrected in 2003 by Total Media Group as an insert in the magazine \"Urban Teen Scene\". The insert attracted media attention—mainly because of the brothers' age and race—in \"USA Today\" and \"The Los Angeles Times\". The brothers began working on a third issue in 2004, without the backing of a publishing company. The largest advertisers were ring tone providers, while others included the Navy, clothing labels, videogames, Sony, Black Entertainment Television and Reebok. The editorials were written by 10 journalism students, and the photos were contributed by publicists. Art director Ian Lynam, who designed the magazine, sent everything online from Japan. The issue was released in March 2005, and cost $35,000 to produce. It featured singer Chingy on the cover, and 80,000 copies were distributed around the world. Beginning with the eleventh issue, which was published in summer 2008, Lynam redesigned the magazine's cover and contents. The main reason for the redesign was the change from a younger target audience to an older and more sophisticated one. Lynam felt the facelift \"imbue[d] it with a more demure and cosmopolitan aesthetic.\" The magazine is not audited, and is sold in more than 20 countries. In the U.S., the magazine is sold by Wal-Mart, Barnes & Noble, and Tower Records. Devin calls \"Rap-Up\" \"a magazine for Generation Y by Generation Y\". He serves as a writer, publisher and editor in chief, and oversees editorial content and advertising sales. Cameron works as publisher and assistant editor, and is in charge of printing, production, distribution and shipping of the magazine. In 2008, the magazine released a handbook entitled, \"Rap-Up: The Ultimate Guide to Hip-Hop and R&B\", which was published by Grand Central Publishing/Hachette Book Group. The book chronicles the history of hip hop, and features a foreword by rapper T.I.. Bob Baker, the former publisher of H&S Media, praised Devin for having the \"gumption to seek out publishers, to say 'I want to do this and how do I do it?' I focus more on his age than his race.\" Lou Pitt, a manager and producer of film and television, found that \"Rap-Up\" stood out from magazines \"Vibe\", \"The Source\" and \"XXL\" by showing the mainstream side of performers. Pitt said that the magazine is \"not the street version [...] It has a very populist approach, in the way of \"People\" magazine or \"Entertainment Weekly\".\" In 2003, Devin was included on \"Fast Company\"s list of \"Champions of Innovation whose achievements are changing companies and our culture\". In 2006, the magazine was nominated for \"Best New Consumer Publication\" at the 55th Annual Maggie Awards. In 2007, the website Rap-Up.com received a nomination for \"Best Hip-Hop Magazine Site\" at the Vh1 Hip Hop Honors. Rap-Up Rap-Up is a magazine launched in 2001 by founder Devin Lazerine. The publication was originally a website devoted to hip hop, until Lazerine decided to pitch the possibility of a magazine to several publishers. The magazine is focused on the"
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"Thousand Oaks Acorn Thousand Oaks Acorn is a weekly newspaper based in Thousand Oaks, California. It covers Thousand Oaks proper, Newbury Park and the Thousand Oaks-portion of Westlake Village, CA. The circulation as of 2008 is 40,466. It was established in May 1998. Thousand Oaks Acorn was named the best source for local news by Thousand Oaks residents in a community survey undertaken by the city in 2009. Thousand Oaks Acorn also received a first place award in the California Newspaper Publishers Association’s \"Better Newspapers Contest\" in 2017. There are five editions of the Acorn Newspaper: The Acorn (covering Calabasas and Agoura Hills), Simi Valley Acorn, Moorpark Acorn, Camarillo Acorn and Thousand Oaks Acorn. The circulation for all Acorn newspapers is around 110,000. The owners are Jim and Lisa Rule of Newbury Park. Thousand Oaks Acorn Thousand Oaks Acorn is a weekly newspaper based in Thousand Oaks, California. It covers Thousand Oaks proper, Newbury Park and the Thousand Oaks-portion of Westlake Village, CA. The circulation as of 2008 is 40,466. It was established in May 1998. Thousand Oaks Acorn was named the best source for local news by Thousand Oaks residents in a community survey undertaken by the city in"
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"Maharaja College, Jaipur University Maharaja College is a college in Jaipur, the capital of the Rajasthan state in India . Established in 1844 by Sawai Ram Singh II, it has been affiliated with University of Rajasthan since 1947. It was established in 1844 as Maharaja's School by Maharaja of Jaipur, Sawai Ram Singh II, along with Pandit Shiv Deen, who also became its first principal. Originally affiliated with University of Calcutta,and subsequently with University of Allahabad in 1890, the college went on to become one of six constituent colleges of University of Rajasthan, established in 1947. It is one of the oldest colleges of North India and was designed by British architects and building provide a royal look. Maharaja College, Jaipur University Maharaja College is a college in Jaipur, the capital of the Rajasthan state in India . Established in 1844 by Sawai Ram Singh II, it has been affiliated with University of Rajasthan since 1947. It was established in 1844 as Maharaja's School by Maharaja of Jaipur, Sawai Ram Singh II, along with Pandit Shiv Deen, who also became its first principal. Originally affiliated with University of Calcutta,and subsequently with University of Allahabad in 1890, the college went on"
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"Young Shire Young Shire was a local government area in the South West Slopes region of New South Wales, Australia. The Shire was located adjacent to the Olympic Highway. Young Shire was created on 1 July 1980 from the amalgamation of the Municipality of Young with the surrounding Burrangong Shire. The Shire included the town of Young and the small towns of Maimuru, Milvale, Thuddungra, Bribbaree, Monteagle, Wirrimah, Bendick Murrell, Koorawatha and Murringo. In 2016, Young Shire was amalgamated into Hilltops Council. The last Mayor of Young Shire Council was Cr. Brian Ingram, an independent politician. At the time of dissolution, Young Shire Council was composed of nine Councillors elected proportionally as one entire ward. All Councillors were elected for a fixed four-year term of office. The Mayor was elected by the Councillors at the first meeting of the Council. The last election was held on 8 September 2012, and the makeup of the Council was as follows: The final Council, elected in 2012, in order of election, was: A 2015 review of local government boundaries recommended that Boorowa Council merge with adjoining councils. The NSW Government considered two proposals. The first proposed a merger between the Young, Harden and Boorowa shires to form a new council with an area of and support a population of approximately . Following the lodging of an alternate proposal by Harden Shire on 28 February 2016 to amalgamate the Cootamundra, Gundagai and Harden shires, the NSW Minister for Local Government proposed a merger between the Boorowa and Young shires. Young Shire was abolished on 12 May 2016 and along with Boorowa Council and Harden Shire, the area was included in a new Hilltops Council local government area. Young Shire Young Shire was a local government area in the South West Slopes region of New"
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"Dafina Zeqiri (composer) Dafina Zeqiri Nushi (born 1 April 1984 in Pristina, SFR Yugoslavia) is an Albanian Kosovar composer of orchestral music, chamber music, and choral music that has been performed in Europe and elsewhere. Ms. Zeqiri studied at the Prenk Jakova Conservatory in Pristina from 1997 to 2002. She studied music composition with Mendi Mengjiqi at the University of Pristina, graduating in 2007. Her master’s-degree work was with Jana Andreevska at Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje She completed the degree in 2011. In 2009 she founded the organization Kosovar Women in Music, NEO MUSICA, and became a member of the International Honour Committee of the . Her works are predominantly instrumental, beginning with \"Quasi Variazione\" for piano (2000), \"Dialog\" for violin and piano (2001), and \"Atmospheres\" for flute and piano (2002). Vocal compositions include works for mixed chorus such as \"My Mother\", on a text of Pashko Vasa (2001), \"Odisea\" (2008), and \"Atmospheres\" for chorus with orchestra (2005). Solo settings include \"When You Come\" for mezzo-soprano and piano (2002), on a text by Bajram Qerimi, and \"O Dismal Bird\" for tenor and piano (2009). Later compositions from her time at university in Skopje include Variations for Symphonic Orchestra (2011), \"Disappear\" for solo viola (2011), \"Memento\" for violin and orchestra (2010), \"Story of Mary\" for actor, flute, violin, guitar, and piano (2010), and \"All In\" for flute, oboe, soprano saxophone, and violoncello (2009). Her works were performed at the \"Days of Macedonian Music Festival\" in 2011 and at the Festival DAM in Prishtina in 2010. Also in 2010 in London, UK, \"Dream\" for solo violin, 2007) was heard during the British Museum Project \"Trade and Travel 1830–2030\" in September, and other works at Willton’s Music Hall in October. In 2009 \"Atmospheres\" for chorus and orchestra won the Theodore Front Prize from the International Alliance for Women in Music. In early 2012 a new work, Variations for Piano, won second prize in the Composers Competition of the Chopin Kosova Festival. At a competition organized by Kosovo's Ministry of Culture in April 2012 her work \"Përreth\" (\"Around\") won the prize in the category of chamber music. Noted soloists and ensembles that have performed Zeqiri's music include Peter Sheppard Skaerved, Steffen Schleiermacher, Ophélie Gaillard, Jean Jacques Balet, Anne Moreau, Anna Klett, Hege Waldeland, Athelas Sinfonietta Copenhagen, Victor Manuel Morales, Evangelina Reyes, Fegus String Quartet, Visar Kuçi, Neritan Hysa, Lorenc Radovani, Marisa Hatibi, Arian Paço, Gëzim Belegu, Mialtin Zhezha, Annina Woehrle, Beat Kermanschah, and the String Ensemble of the Music High School and Academy of Skopje. Dafina Zeqiri (composer) Dafina Zeqiri Nushi (born 1 April 1984 in Pristina, SFR Yugoslavia) is an Albanian Kosovar composer of orchestral music, chamber music, and choral music that has been performed in Europe and elsewhere. Ms. Zeqiri studied at the Prenk Jakova Conservatory in Pristina from 1997 to 2002. She studied music composition with Mendi Mengjiqi at the University of Pristina, graduating in 2007. Her master’s-degree work was with Jana Andreevska at Ss. Cyril and Methodius"
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"331st Rifle Division (Soviet Union) The 331st Rifle Division was formed as a standard Red Army rifle division in the summer of 1941, based on a cadre of volunteer workers and reservists from the Bryansk Oblast, and so was known from the beginning as the \"331st Bryansk Proletarian Rifle Division\". It fought to defend Moscow during the last stages of the German invasion, and then went over to the offensive in early December. It spent much of the next twelve months in the same general area, west of the capital, taking part in the mostly futile battles against the German-held salient at Rzhev. On September 25, 1943, the division shared credit with several other units for the liberation of the city of Smolensk and was given its name as an honorific. The 331st had a highly distinguished career as a combat unit, ending its combat path in Czechoslovakia, advancing on Prague. The formation of the 331st Rifle Division began on August 27, 1941, in the Tambov Oblast of the Oryol Military District, under the command of Maj. Gen. Fyodor Petrovich Korol. Korol led the division until February 13, 1942. Its basic order of battle was as follows: The division was moved to the Moscow Military District in October where it was assigned to the newly-forming 26th (Reserve) Army, under the Reserve of the Supreme High Command. Some elements of the division entered active service in a highly dramatic manner, by first marching through Red Square in the famous October Revolution anniversary parade on November 7, then straight on to the front lines just 10–15 km away, being assigned to the 20th Army of the Western Front. The division played a vigorous role in the defense of Moscow. Maj. Gen. Leonid Mikhailovich Sandalov, former chief of staff of the 20th Army, inspected the 1106th Rifle Regiment on its arrival in Moscow and noted, \"The warmly clothed and adequately equipped subunits of the regiment made a good impression [on me].\" As November moved into December, the 331st, fighting in the area of the Moscow-Volga canal, stopped the enemy advance at Lobnia Station, 25 km from Moscow. On December 2, as one of the harbingers of the wider counter-offensive that started a few days later, the division took part in a strong counter-attack from the area of Khlebnikovo towards Krasnaia Poliana. Backed by tanks and artillery, the attack made limited gains, but on the 6th it merged with the general offensive, broke into the village with the help of 28th Rifle Brigade, secured it, and took a German 210mm gun, which had been used to shell Moscow, as a trophy. In the next two days the division and the brigade advanced 4.5 km further and completely penetrated the German defenses, but the lack of skis and armor support limited the planned advance of 30 km to only about 10 – 12 km. Nevertheless, by December 20 the division had liberated the town of Volokolamsk. Following this victory, 20th Army attempted to continue its advance, but had little success until, on December 23, the Army commander was ordered to concentrate on a narrow-front breakthrough near Volokolamsk station and to cease advancing on a broad front. By noon on January 2, 1942, the 331st had captured Khvorostinin, but failed to take Birkino, even with armor support. The latter was finally liberated on the 4th, and by the next day the division was fighting on the outskirts of Posadinki with elements of German 35th Infantry Division. On January 7, 20th Army was ordered to regroup to carry on the offensive against gradually increasing resistance; by this time General Korol was in command of an ad-hoc group which included his own division, along with 40th Rifle Brigade, 31st Tank Brigade, two artillery regiments and the 15th Guards Mortar Battalion. This group was ordered to \"destroy the enemy in the area Zubovo - 137-km Station and by the end of the day reach the area Kuryanovo - Vysokovo.\" The attack was to be supported by a one-hour artillery preparation by a long-range artillery group. The regrouping was completed by January 9, although the 331st was still fighting for Posadinki over these two days. The new offensive began at 1030 hrs. on January 10. The forward edge of the German defense was crushed fairly quickly, but only after persistent attacks. Beginning at 1400 the division, backed by 64th Rifle Brigade, waged an unsuccessful fight against two enemy battalions in a wooded stronghold east of Aksenovo. Over the next two days the Germans continued to hold out, while the 331st suffered significant losses until it finally took Aksenovo in the 13th. The next day German forces along the attack sector began falling back towards a defensive line near Gzhatsk. This withdrawal continued over the next ten days, with tired Soviet forces in slow pursuit. The division, \"which disposed of an insignificant number of troops\", was held back along the line of the Ruza River. Gzhatsk would not be liberated until March, 1943. The 331st would remain in Western Front until the Front was disbanded. In early 1942 it was briefly transferred to the 5th Army, before returning to the 20th Army, where it remained until March, 1943. General Korol was briefly succeeded by Col. Gavriil Antonovich Kutalev in February, and then by Col. Aleksandr Emelyanovich Kletz in March. On April 10, Col. (later Major General) Pyotr Filippovich Berestov took command and he would hold it for the duration of the war. In the planning for Operation Mars in November, the division was given a leading role in the 20th Army's assault. Alongside the 247th Rifle Division, and supported by the 80th and 240th Tank Brigades, the 331st was tasked to cross the mostly-frozen Vazuza River between Trostino and Pechora, to take German strong points at Zevalovka and Prudy. On the second day, the second German defensive position would be taken. Following this the division would cross the railroad between Rzhev and Sychyovka, and reduce the German strong point at Khlepen. In the event, on November 25, the division successfully forced the river line and took Prudy, but was halted by heavy fire from Khlepen. The 247th had made greater progress and the rest of the 331st reinforced that bridgehead. Overnight, the front commander, General I.S. Konev, decided to try to pass a mobile reserve force through this scant lodgement to complete the breakthrough. The following day the two rifle divisions continued to struggle to expand the bridgehead, but with little success. The tanks and cavalry of the reserve managed to tear a hole in the defenses and get into the enemy rear, but the infantry found it impossible to follow. The gains made by the 331st over the following days were negligible. For most of the remainder of the operation the division held the left flank of its army, recovering from its losses. In the period from November 25 to December 18 the division lost 597 men killed, 1,445 wounded, and 106 missing-in-action, for a total of 2,148 casualties. In April, 1943, the 331st was transferred to the 45th Rifle Corps in the 31st Army; it would remain in this army for the duration of the war. On June 19 the division was awarded its first Order of the Red Banner, remarkably early in the war for a regular rifle division. Colonel Berestov was promoted to Major General on September 1. Through the last years of the war the 331st was designated as an assault division, and on September 25 it was granted the honorific \"Smolensk\" for its role in the liberation of that city. Eventually it earned the moniker of being \"the best in the 31st Army\". Following the victory at Smolensk, Western Front was ordered to continue the advance into Belarus with the immediate objective of Orsha. In the event, this goal would only be obtained after nine months of costly fighting. As of October 1 the 331st was serving in 71st Rifle Corps, and it would remain in this Corps for the duration of the war. 31st Army began its attack on October 3. The Army commander, Lt. Gen. V. A. Gluzdovskii, deployed his 71st Corps astride the",
"Colonel Berestov was promoted to Major General on September 1. Through the last years of the war the 331st was designated as an assault division, and on September 25 it was granted the honorific \"Smolensk\" for its role in the liberation of that city. Eventually it earned the moniker of being \"the best in the 31st Army\". Following the victory at Smolensk, Western Front was ordered to continue the advance into Belarus with the immediate objective of Orsha. In the event, this goal would only be obtained after nine months of costly fighting. As of October 1 the 331st was serving in 71st Rifle Corps, and it would remain in this Corps for the duration of the war. 31st Army began its attack on October 3. The Army commander, Lt. Gen. V. A. Gluzdovskii, deployed his 71st Corps astride the Smolensk - Orsha highway and the railroad north of the Dniepr River, advancing against the defenses of 197th Infantry Division. 71st Corps had its three rifle divisions side-by-side in first echelon, and was supported by the 42nd Guards Tank Brigade. During three days of heavy fighting the Corps' assault stalled in front of strong defenses which had been reinforced by the 18th Panzer Grenadier Division. However, 36th Rifle Corps managed to unhinge the German defenses north of the highway, and by October 9 the 197th Infantry began falling back, reaching a line from Shcheki on the Verkhita River southward to Novaia on the Dniepr by the 11th. While the advance had been limited, at this point the right wing of Western Front had reached positions roughly 20km east of Orsha. A second offensive on Orsha began on October 12. 71st Corps had been regrouped between the highway and the Dniepr, with 42nd Guards Tanks still in support. The assault went in after an 85-minute artillery preparation, but over two days of fighting the 331st, along with the rest of its Army, was stalled without making any significant gains, while suffering serious losses. A third attempt began on October 21, with all three Corps of 31st Army conducting a frontal assault with massed infantry backed by scattered tanks, following an intense artillery preparation; in this effort the 331st was in the second echelon. While again suffering heavy casualties, the Soviet forces smashed the defenses of 197th Infantry Division, and by early evening had penetrated 4km deep on a front 1km wide towards the village of Kireevo on the rail line to Orsha, and to Ivanovshchina on the Dniepr. A further attempt to exploit with armor was halted by German artillery. The offensive stalled again the next day. Another offensive began on November 14. The 331st, with the rest of 71st Corps, was located south of the highway, facing the 35th Panzer Grenadier Regiment of 25th Panzer Grenadier Division. This assault, which continued until the 19th, is mentioned in the 31st Army's history as follows: Further efforts were shut down until March, 1944. General Gluzdovskii received orders to prepare a new offensive on February 27, which was to commence on March 1. Much of his Army was already in action at Babinavichy, so the only forces immediately available on the Orsha axis were the 331st and 88th Rifle Divisions; this left him little choice but to redeploy his 251st and 220th Rifle Divisions south to the rear of the 331st. Since this was the period of the rasputitsa this movement went slowly, and the attack did not begin until March 5. In the end the plan concentrated eight rifle divisions, one tank brigade and two tank regiments against the German 78th Assault Division, backed by roughly 35 tanks (including Tigers) and assault guns. After an artillery preparation of 50 minutes, the 331st, backed by the reinforcing 247th Rifle Division, managed to advance about 1 km and take a strongpoint at Lazyrshchiki, but that was the extent of the gains and the offensive collapsed by March 9, with losses of 1,898 men killed and 5,639 men wounded. During April the \"STAVKA\" launched an investigation into the operations, including all six Orsha offensives, of Western Front from October 12, 1943 to April 1, 1944, which reported on April 12. Among other findings it was noted that: This was just one of a long list of failures which led to General Gluzdovskii being relieved of command of 31st Army, and Army General V. D. Sokolovskii being removed from command of Western Front, which was then divided into two more managably-sized Fronts. In April, the 31st Army became part of the 3rd Belorussian Front when Western Front was split up. As part of the regrouping prior to the summer offensive, 36th Rifle Corps was moved to the south bank of the Dniepr, and the 331st was redeployed to that Corps' former sector on the north bank. In the initial stages of Operation Bagration, the Front's immediate objective was, once again, the city of Orsha. The 331st had the direct support of the 959th SU Regiment (SU-76s) for its initial assault; this regiment had been assigned to support of 71st Corps since the beginning of June. In recognition of the 331st's role in the liberation of Orsha on June 27, it was awarded the Order of Suvorov, 2nd Class, on July 2. The division went on to assist in the liberation of Borisov. While two divisions of the 8th Guards Rifle Corps of the 11th Guards Army attacked from the west and north, the 331st drove into the south of the city and it was cleared of German forces by 0300 hrs. on July 1. In the following days it took part in the liberation of Minsk, before joining the general advance to the 1941 Soviet-German frontier. The division was awarded its second Order of the Red Banner on July 23 for the liberation of the Belorussian capital. In recognition of his successful command of the division in this operation, Major General Berestov would be awarded the Gold Star of the Hero of the Soviet Union on June 27, 1945. In August, the division received a team of 23 women snipers from the Higher Sniper's School in Moscow. The survivors of this team continued to serve in the division until it was disbanded, although some members were detached to other divisions as conditions warranted. In the Vistula-Oder Offensive in January, 1945, the 3rd Belorussian Front was tasked with driving into East Prussia from the east. The 31st Army was not on an assault sector, and in the first stages it was ordered to hold its positions stubbornly. By January 23–24, the 331st had joined in pursuit of the retreating German forces, and along with its corps helped capture the important road junction of Blenkheim, and the strongpoint of Treuburg on the approaches to Lötzen. However, in the first week of February, the German command had regrouped their 129th and 558th Infantry Divisions as well as units of the 24th Panzer Division, which counterattacked in an attempt to encircle units of the 71st Rifle Corps; after several days fighting the attacks were beaten back and the advance resumed towards Kanditten. Following this, the 31st Army drove towards the Baltic coast. The 331st captured the rail junction of Landsberg from the march, and Berestov ordered the division northward, unaware that it was coming into the path of a powerful German counterstrike to hold open a land link to the rest of Germany. Under pressure, the 331st fell back to the outskirts of Landsberg, and savage fighting ensued. Meanwhile, the German columns led by Waffen SS troops bypassed the town to the south and north, leaving the fighting elements of the division encircled for two days until they were relieved from outside. Meanwhile, the southern German column had rampaged through the mostly-defenseless rear elements of the division, destroying the medical-sanitation battalion, the motor pool, and other units; in total more than 300 men and women were killed and more wounded. Beginning at noon on April 6, following a powerful artillery preparation, the 3rd Belorussian Front, including the 331st, began its assault on the fortifications of Königsberg. By the end of the first day, the outer line of defenses had",
"Under pressure, the 331st fell back to the outskirts of Landsberg, and savage fighting ensued. Meanwhile, the German columns led by Waffen SS troops bypassed the town to the south and north, leaving the fighting elements of the division encircled for two days until they were relieved from outside. Meanwhile, the southern German column had rampaged through the mostly-defenseless rear elements of the division, destroying the medical-sanitation battalion, the motor pool, and other units; in total more than 300 men and women were killed and more wounded. Beginning at noon on April 6, following a powerful artillery preparation, the 3rd Belorussian Front, including the 331st, began its assault on the fortifications of Königsberg. By the end of the first day, the outer line of defenses had been penetrated, and 102 city blocks had been cleared, and on April 12, the garrison surrendered. Meanwhile, during all the fighting in East Prussia, the division had not been receiving any replacements, so by this time was operating with a far fewer troops than officially authorized, with \"regiments\" of about 400 infantry, backed by mortars, the artillery regiment, and air support. Upon finally reaching the Baltic several days later, thousands of German soldiers surrendered to just dozens of men of the 331st. In late April, the division loaded onto troop trains for a trip to the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia along with the rest of the 31st Army, which was transferring to the 1st Ukrainian Front for the final push to Prague. It disembarked in Saxony on the night of May 6. The army's role was as a flank guard on the left of the 1st Ukrainian Front, protecting the northern prong of the attack on the Czech capital. Advancing against little organized resistance, the 331st was on the outskirts of the town of Schlewitz when it got word of the German surrender. When the shooting stopped, the men and women of the division had earned the title of the 331st Rifle, Proletarian, Bryansk-Smolensk, twice Order of the Red Banner, Order of Suvorov Division. (Russian: 331-я стрелковая Пролетарская Брянско-Смоленская дважды Краснознамённая ордена Суворова дивизия). According to \"STAVKA\" Order No. 11096 of May 29, 1945, part 8, the 331st is listed as one of the rifle divisions to be \"disbanded in place\". It was disbanded at Friedeberg, Silesia, in accordance with the directive between July 10–15, 1945. 331st Rifle Division (Soviet Union) The 331st Rifle Division was formed as a standard Red Army rifle division in the summer of 1941, based on a cadre of volunteer workers and reservists from the Bryansk Oblast, and so was known from the beginning as the \"331st Bryansk Proletarian Rifle Division\". It fought to defend Moscow"
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"Lautenthal The formerly free mining town (\"Bergstadt\") of Lautenthal in Germany is a state-recognised, climatic spa with around 2,000 inhabitants that has been part of the borough of Langelsheim since 1972. Lautenthal lies in the Innerste valley between Clausthal-Zellerfeld and Langelsheim in the northwestern Upper Harz. The town is located at a height of about in a valley bowl, the surrounding mountains being up to . The two rivers of the Innerste and the Laute flow through the town. Towards Langelsheim the Innerste is impounded by the Innerste Dam. Mining of copper, lead and silver in the area around Lautenthal started about 1225. In the middle of the 14th century, however, the Harz was depopulated because of plague and mining came to an end. Mining in the Harz was started again in 1524. Lautenthal was founded in 1538 as a mining settlement on the river Laute, a small tributary of the Innerste, and had already been given the status of a town by 1580. Sixteen years later it became a free mining town. The town was enlarged in 1560 and a rectangular market place was laid out. A comparatively large town hall was built in 1570. The building was transformed into a hotel later. In 1626, the town was plundered by the troops of Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly in the Thirty Years' War. The Protestant town church was built 1649-59. In 1690, 28 mines were operated in and around Lautenthal. In 1821, the town had 2.006 inhabitants. The railway line to Lautenthal, Innerste Valley Railway, was inaugurated in 1875 and extended to Altenau in 1914. Railway bridges were built over the Laute and the Innerste. Tourism gradually developed creating more and more jobs. At the beginning of the 20th century, Lautenthal had 2.626 inhabitants. With the closure of the mines in 1959 the town lost its significance and was incorporated into the borough of Langelsheim in 1972. In 1976 the railway line to Lautenthal was closed and the former railway station was transformed into a hotel. Lautenthal The formerly free mining town (\"Bergstadt\") of Lautenthal in Germany is a state-recognised, climatic spa with around 2,000 inhabitants that has been part of the borough of Langelsheim since 1972. Lautenthal lies in the Innerste valley between Clausthal-Zellerfeld and Langelsheim in the northwestern Upper Harz. The town is located at a height of about in a valley bowl, the surrounding mountains being"
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"Head of a clown Head of a Clown (in French: Tête de Clown) is a painting by Luxembourg artist Joseph Kutter from about 1937. The 62.7 x 45.8 cm. picture is part of the collection of the National Museum of History and Art in Luxembourg. One of the most famous artists of Luxembourg in the first half of the 20th century was expressionist Joseph Kutter. From 1927, he is one of the significant names of the Luxembourg Secession. Human figures are central to his work and through them he expresses humanity and himself. He's able to combine different artistic influences of his time. Clowns appear in his works in 1935, as a result of their participation in the variety show in Luxembourg. Initially, his characters have a cheerful character , but after 1936–1937, he began to paint a series of clowns expressing worry and suffering. This was due to the painter's serious illness. Head of a clown Head of a Clown (in French: Tête de Clown) is a painting by Luxembourg artist Joseph Kutter from about 1937. The 62.7 x 45.8 cm. picture is part of the collection of the National Museum of History and Art in Luxembourg. One of"
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"Animal Precinct Animal Precinct is an American documentary reality television series that originally aired from June 26, 2001, to February 4, 2008, on Animal Planet. Set in New York City, the series follows the animal cruelty agents of the ASPCA's Humane Law Enforcement Division as they work as advocates for the five million pets and other animals in New York City, sometimes removing them from dangerous situations and pursuing arrests of those who have been accused of being cruel to animals. The show was filmed locally by crews from Anglia Television, edited in the UK and shown on Discovery Channel networks worldwide. When the series debuted in 2001, episodes were 30 minutes in length. This was later extended to a full hour, and remained there for all subsequent seasons. The pilot episode was quite different from subsequent episodes, as it focused primarily on Special Investigator Annemarie Lucas and included her discussing various parts of her job, such as how she felt about carrying a gun. On October 12, 2001, Animal Planet aired a one-hour special focused on the work to rescue the many animals that were affected by the fall of the World Trade Center towers on September 11. The ASPCA Humane Law Enforcement (HLE) officers can be classified as Special Agents or Special Investigators. Many HLE officers are identified by name on-camera; however, some are not, instead spoken of only by initial (most notably \"Special Agent M\" and \"Special Agent Q\") with their faces blurred when on-camera as a way to protect their identities so that they can do undercover work for the ASPCA. During the first three seasons, the HLE team had ten investigators. At the start of the fourth season, the team had been expanded to fifteen investigators. In season six, the team expanded again, and as of May 2008, the HLE has twenty investigators, including a female undercover agent (\"Special Agent L\"). In 2007, Special Investigator Annemarie Lucas was promoted to Supervisory Special Investigator. As a result of the extra duties associated with her promotion, she does fewer street work cases, but still occasionally participates in investigations when other agents need her assistance. Special Agent Henry Ruiz was known as \"Special Agent H\" during the show's early seasons but revealed his true identity in the episode aired on July 18, 2005, after he ceased performing undercover work. Ruiz's \"unmasking\" was the subject of a series of special episodes of \"Animal Precinct\", in which footage of Ruiz's past rescues was shown for the first time without the facial blurring, as well as footage from his last major undercover operation for the ASPCA (reconnaissance and surveillance of an area holding roosters bred for cock fighting) with Ruiz demonstrating and explaining his undercover techniques on-camera. However, completed episodes filmed while Ruiz was still \"Special Agent H\" still have his face blurred whenever he appears on-screen. In 2014, Special Investigator Diane DiGiacomo was diagnosed with cancer that was directly attributed to her exposure to toxins while working as a part of animal search and rescue operations after the September 11 attacks that were depicted in the \"Animal Precinct at Ground Zero\" special. DiGiacomo died on November 20, 2015 as a result of that cancer. Although DiGiacomo's death occurred over 14 years after the attack and almost 2 years after the January 2014 dissolution of the Humane Law Enforcement Division, the Officer Down Memorial Page considers her death to be in the line of duty. This makes DiGiacomo the only known line of duty death in the history of the ASPCA Humane Law Enforcement Division. The agents of the ASPCA Humane Law Enforcement have full police powers. Their police powers stem from a law that was written in 1866 by ASPCA founder Henry Bergh. They are certified New York State peace officers and have statewide jurisdiction, though they only work in the confines of New York City's 5 boroughs (Manhattan, Queens, Bronx, Brooklyn, and Staten Island). The agents of the ASPCA Humane Law Enforcement have the same equipment NYPD police officers do, plus some items that are specialized for animal-related work. The agents are issued either a Glock 19 9mm or a Smith & Wesson 5906 9mm handgun, pepper spray, ASP baton, and handcuffs. Their squad cars are Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptors, vans, and SUVs. They carry poles and cages for animal catches and seizures. The success of \"Animal Precinct\" led Animal Planet to create an \"umbrella rotation\" of similar shows known collectively as \"Animal Planet Heroes\". Though the shows have similar formats, each has its own unique elements due to the differences in the ways the individual cities deal with animal care and cruelty cases. There have currently been eight similar shows based on the \"Animal Precinct\" concept: In 2002, the series won the Genesis Award for the \"Best Reality Programming\" category. Animal Precinct Animal Precinct is an American documentary reality television series that originally aired from June 26, 2001, to February 4, 2008, on Animal Planet. Set in New York City, the series follows the animal cruelty agents of the ASPCA's Humane Law Enforcement Division as they work as advocates for the five million pets and other animals in New York City, sometimes removing them from dangerous situations and pursuing arrests of those who have been accused of being cruel to animals. The show was filmed locally by crews from Anglia Television, edited in the UK and shown"
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"Stress (card game) Stress is a card game that uses a standard 52-card deck. It is usually only played with two people. (Although it is possible to play with more) The game requires each player to have a deck of numbered cards from 0 to 9. The objective of the game is to lose all of your cards. In stress there are no turns and you can put cards down anytime during the game. The game starts by having the players draw 4 numbers and placing them on the table face up. Then two cards are placed face up in the middle of the table. After this the game begins. You have to place only ascending or descending numbers on either of the two piles of cards. You can only place cards from your hand on the piles.If both of the cards at the top of the pile are the same nunber, you may perform a stress by saying \"stress\" out loud. When a stress happens, your opponent will take all of the cards on the table and place it in his deck. Anytime during the game, you can draw more cards to place in your hand, however there cannot be more than 4 numbers. Another version of stress is commonly played with \"Uno\" cards where all power cards are removed and only number cards remain. The aim is to get each hand with a four-of-a-kind. To achieve this, players must put down cards into the middle of the table, picking up another that was in the middle. There must always be four cards in the middle of the table, and in each pile. Once one of a player's hands has four-of-a-kind, that hand can be put down onto the table face-up. Once all of a player's hands are face-up on the table, they must yell \"Stress!,\" or \"Hong Kong\" in order to win. The deck is divided into thirteen equal piles, each with four cards. One pile goes into the middle, and the rest of the piles are equally dealt among the players. Each of the players' piles will remain face-down, and can only be lifted when the pile in the middle is flipped. The pile in the middle is flipped over so that all four cards are completely visible. You can only use one hand to put cards Each player's pile is entirely their own to look at. Only one player's pile can be lifted at a time. If the player wishes to look at another one of their piles, they will have to put down their pile and pick up another one. When playing Hong Kong, it is customary for the second, third, and fourth players to win to say \"Beijing\", \"Shanghai\", and \"Tokyo,\" respectively. The list may go on to the nth person (\"Whiplash!\"), or \"Reykjavík\". Because of the nature and card transferring of this game, there is rarely a time in which two players will not be yelling \"Stress!\" at nearly the same time. This also brings about the concepts of sabotage into the game. Stress (card game) Stress is a card game that uses a standard 52-card deck. It is usually only played with two people. (Although it is possible to play with more) The game requires each player to have a deck of numbered cards from 0 to 9. The objective of the game is to lose all of your cards. In stress there are no turns and you can put cards down anytime during the game. The game starts by having the players draw 4 numbers and placing them on the table"
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"Joan Riddell Cook Joan Riddell Cook (January 5, 1922 in Portland, Oregon – February 5, 1995 in New York City) was an American newspaper journalist and editor, a trade union leader, and a founding director of JAWS (Journalism and Women Symposium). Cook died of breast cancer in 1995 in New York City. Cook started her career at the \"Minneapolis Star Tribune.\" She later left and started working at the \"New York Herald Tribune.\" Cook later worked for two years as women's editor at \"The Detroit News.\" Cook eventually started working for \"The New York Times\" in 1959, where she worked until her retirement in 1991. Cook was one of seven named plaintiffs in a class action Title VII sex discrimination lawsuit against \"The Times\" that was filed in 1974. Cook served as head of \"The Times\" unit of the New York City Newspaper Guild labor union and was only the second woman ever elected to the post. Cook also served as president of the Silurians, which is the oldest press club in New York. Cook first joined JAWS (Journalism and Women Symposium) in 1989 and became a member of the first board of directors. After her death, the Joan Cook Scholarship Fund was created in her honor. It provides yearly grants to young women through JAWS. Cook was a 1939 graduate of Marlborough School, a prestigious all-girls day and boarding school in the Hancock Park area of Los Angeles. Joan Riddell Cook Joan Riddell Cook (January 5, 1922 in Portland, Oregon – February 5, 1995 in New York City) was an American newspaper journalist and editor, a trade union leader, and a founding director of JAWS (Journalism and Women Symposium). Cook died of breast cancer in 1995 in New York City. Cook started her career at the \"Minneapolis Star Tribune.\""
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"Suoyarvi Suoyarvi (; ; ) is a town and the administrative center of Suoyarvsky District of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, located northwest of Petrozavodsk. Population: It is known that during the 16th and 17th centuries a settlement existed here known as Shuyezersky \"pogost\" (a Russian form of the local Karelian name, meaning something like \"swamp town\"). The first documented mention dates from 1589 when Suoyarvi is recorded as church community controlled by the Orthodox community of Sortavala. In 1630, Suoyarvi became an independent community. An outcome of the Winter War was that most of West Karelia was occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940, when Suoyarvi was granted town status. In August 1941, the territory was re-occupied by Finnish troops, but as part of the wider post-war settlement, it reverted to the Soviets in 1944; it was the second largest territory by area (after Petsamo) ceded by Finland to the Soviet Union following the Continuation War. Within the framework of administrative divisions, Suoyarvi serves as the administrative center of Suoyarvsky District, to which it is directly subordinated. As a municipal division, the town of Suoyarvi is incorporated within Suoyarvsky Municipal District as Suoyarvskoye Urban Settlement. The town serves as a railway junction along the railway line linking St. Petersburg with Petrozavodsk. From Suoyarvi, a line branches off to Yushkozero and Kostomuksha. In the Cold War it was the nearest town to the Maysionvara airbase. Suoyarvi Suoyarvi (; ; ) is a town and the administrative center of Suoyarvsky District of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, located northwest of Petrozavodsk. Population: It is known that during the 16th and 17th centuries a settlement existed here known as Shuyezersky \"pogost\" (a Russian form of the local Karelian name, meaning something like \"swamp town\"). The first documented mention dates from 1589 when"
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"Goreng goreng The Goreng Goreng are an indigenous people of Queensland and also a language group. The Goreng Goreng area is between Baffle Creek to Agnes Water in the north, extending westerly as far as Kroombit Tops. Gureng gureng is member of the Waka-Kabic subgroup of the Pama–Nyungan languages. The word \"gurang\" means 'no', and, replicated, was used as a marker for the people. Despite the tribe's relative proximity to Rockhampton, Gureng gureng language had strong affinities to languages to its south such as Wakka Wakka and Gubbi Gubbi, an affinity that was also cultural. The precise borders of traditional Goreng Goreng lands have been disputed. Walter Roth, while collecting data on their language in the later 19th century, placed them in Miriam Vale, where their main camp was at that time. Norman Tindale distinguished them from a Goeng people and defined their land as extending over and embracing the eastern bank of the upper Burnett River from Mundubbera north to Monto and Many Peaks. It is possible that a confusion arose, taking two distinct dialect forms of the one cultural complex, to denote distinct and separate realities, with the Gureng Gureng taken to be an inland tribe, and the Goeng (Guweng guweng) denoting their affines on the coast. A recent survey of the available evidence concludes that the Goreng goring's lands encompassed the 'whole of the area from Bundaberg to Gladstone east of the ranges. The Gureng gureng were divided into several clans, such as the \"Wakgun\". Traditional lore was transmitted at a \"djaparlagin\" or a 'singing corroboree'. The Upper Burnett area first began to be settled by colonists in the 1840s. Grazing land was not available further down the river for some decades. Hostilities broke out as land seized for grazing denied aboriginals access to their food resources, and clashes were frequent, leading to several massacres in the Miriam Vale area. It is estimated that between 1847 and 1853, 28 squatters and shepherds were killed as the Burdekin people resisted the onset of the occupation. On each occasion, punitive raids were undertaken to punish the tribes, causing substantial loss of life among the latter. The severity of retaliation was sufficiently drastic to lead the Colonial Office to place the Burnett area's aborigines under official protection by the Native Mounted Police. Goreng goreng The Goreng Goreng are an indigenous people of Queensland and also a language group. The Goreng"
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"South Carolina Highway 324 South Carolina Highway 324 (SC 324) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects York with the Rock Hill area. SC 324 begins at an intersection with SC 5 Business (SC 5 Bus.) and SC 161 Bus. (East Liberty Street) in York, York County. It passes Harold C. Johnson Elementary School before leaving the city limits. The highway travels in a fairly southeasterly direction. It intersects SC 322 (McConnells Highway). Farther along, ti crosses over Stony Fork. SC 324 continues traveling through rural areas of the county and crosses some railroad tracks before meeting its eastern terminus, an intersection with SC 72/SC 121 (Saluda Road). South Carolina Highway 324 South Carolina Highway 324 (SC 324) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects York with the Rock Hill area. SC 324 begins at an intersection with SC 5 Business (SC 5 Bus.) and SC 161 Bus. (East Liberty Street) in York, York County. It passes Harold C. Johnson Elementary School before leaving the city limits. The highway travels in a fairly southeasterly direction. It intersects SC 322 (McConnells Highway). Farther along, ti crosses over"
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"Maine State Route 41 State Route 41 (abbreviated SR 41) is part of Maine's system of numbered highways, located in the central part of the state. It runs for from an intersection with U.S. Route 202 (US 202), SR 11, SR 100 and SR 133 in Winthrop north to an intersection with US 2 and SR 27 in Farmington. SR 41 begins in Winthrop along with SR 133 at an interchange with US 202 and SR 11/SR 100. The two routes run concurrent for before they split apart not far north from Winthrop. SR 41 runs west of Maranacook Lake until it joins with SR 17 in Readfield. later, SR 41 splits north also in Readfield. From the split SR 17 and SR 41 northward to Vienna, SR 41 comes close to eight lakes, but only crosses a small river connecting Echo Lake to Taylor Pond. SR 41 passes through Vienna and then enters Franklin County. SR 41 passes through the extreme southwestern corner of New Sharon near Crowell Pond and meets the southern terminus of SR 134 before entering Chesterville. Continuing north, SR 41 meets the eastern terminus of SR 156 just before crossing into Farmington, and ends shortly thereafter at the intersection with Farmington Falls Road (US 2/SR 27). Maine State Route 41 State Route 41 (abbreviated SR 41) is part of Maine's system of numbered highways, located in the central part of the state. It runs for from an intersection with U.S. Route 202 (US 202), SR 11, SR 100 and SR 133 in Winthrop north to an intersection with US 2 and SR 27 in Farmington. SR 41 begins in Winthrop along with SR 133 at an interchange with US 202 and SR 11/SR 100. The two routes run concurrent for before they split apart not"
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"The Healing Game (song) \"The Healing Game\" is the title song on Northern Irish singer-songwriter Van Morrison's 1997 album. It was released twice as a single in 1997 as an A-side with different B-sides - including \"Have I Told You Lately\" and \"Gloria\". The single reached number 46 in the U.K.. \"The Healing Game\" was recorded in 1996 at Windmill Lane Studios in Dublin with Walter Samuel as engineer. Morrison explains the song in Q Magazine as: \"The song is about when people used to sing on the streets: It came from America, where they had all the doo-wop groups. That's the general idea of the song: you've never really moved from this position. You took a lot of detours but you're still back on the corner.\" Brian Hinton remarks on the song: \"Van is like the protagonists in Yeats play, Purgatorial, condemned to eternal recurrence, 'here I am again', back with the 'backstreet jelly roll'...only music can assuage.\" \"The Healing Game\" is one of the songs on disc one of the 2007 compilation album, \"The Best of Van Morrison Volume 3\". It is also included as one of the hits on Morrison's third compilation album issued in 2007 — \"Still on Top - The Greatest Hits\". It is listed as an alternate take and appears on both the 2-CD album issued in the UK and also the single disc - 21 hit album released in the U.S. on 6 November 2007. John Lee Hooker recorded a duet of this song with Van Morrison and included it on his 1997 album, \"Don't Look Back\". The Healing Game (song) \"The Healing Game\" is the title song on Northern Irish singer-songwriter Van Morrison's 1997 album. It was released twice as a single in 1997 as an A-side with different B-sides - including"
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"Anthropological Survey of India Anthropological Survey of India (AnSI) is the apex Indian government organisation involved in anthropological studies and field data research for human and cultural aspects, working primarily in the fields of physical anthropology and cultural anthropology. While maintaining a strong focus on indigenous populations, it also attempts to document the cultures of other communities and religious groups. Anthropological Research in India was founded 1945 in Varanasi and shifted to the Indian Museum at Calcutta in 1948. In 1916, the Zoological and Anthropological sections of the Museum together became a new entity the Zoological Survey of India. Later, in 1945, the Anthropology section formed into an independent body, the Anthropological Survey of India (AnSI), with Biraja Sankar Guha as the initial director and Verrier Elwin, Deputy Director. Operating under the Ministry of Culture, Government of India, it is headquartered in Kolkata and has branches in Port Blair (Andaman and Nicobar), Shillong, Dehra Dun, Udaipur, Nagpur (with Central Library of AnSI), and Mysore (established in 1960), in addition to two field stations at Jagdalpur in Bastar district, Chhattisgarh and at Ranchi, Jharkhand. The Central Museum of AnSI is located at Kolkata, whereas Zonal Anthropological Museums are at six regional centres and one sub-regional centres. Anthropological Survey of India Anthropological Survey of India (AnSI) is the apex Indian government organisation involved in anthropological studies and field data research for human and cultural aspects, working primarily in the fields of physical anthropology and cultural anthropology. While maintaining a strong focus on indigenous populations, it also attempts to document the cultures of other communities and religious groups. Anthropological Research in India was founded 1945 in Varanasi and shifted to the Indian Museum at Calcutta in 1948. In 1916, the Zoological and Anthropological sections of the Museum together became a new entity the"
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"West Virginia Breeders' Classic The West Virginia Breeders Classic is a thoroughbred horse race for West Virginia breds run at a distance of one and one/eighth mile on the dirt. Open to three-year-olds and up, it takes place each year at the Charles Town Races in Charles Town, West Virginia, and currently offers a purse of $500,000. Along with this race are eight other West Virginia Breeders’ races on the same day for West Virginia-bred horses. In its 29th running as of 2015, the West Virginia Classic and its complement of similar races was created in 1987 by retired Washington Redskins and New York Giants football great Sam Huff. Huff owns thoroughbreds and was born in West Virginia. In 2014, Russell Road won his third West Virginia Classic, aged 8. Owner Mark Hopkins's A Huevo, trained by Michael Dickinson, was disqualified from first and placed last in the 1999 edition of the race after a post-race test revealed traces of clenbuterol. Wind N'Springs Farms Eastern Delite, trained by Freddie Johnson has also been disqualified from first and placed last from 2002's edition of the race, after the post-race test revealed a positive for caffeine. However, 2nd place finisher Confucius Say was not awarded the purse for some time, due to litigation. The ruling was upheld, allowing two-time winner of this race,both times ridden by Larry C. Reynolds,Confucius Say to surpass the $1 million plateau in earnings. West Virginia Breeders' Classic The West Virginia Breeders Classic is a thoroughbred horse race for West Virginia breds run at a distance of one and one/eighth mile on the dirt. Open to three-year-olds and up, it takes place each year at the Charles Town Races in Charles Town, West Virginia, and currently offers a purse of $500,000. Along with this race are eight other"
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"Józef Wittlin Józef Wittlin (1896–1976) was a Polish novelist, poet and translator. After graduating from a classical gimnazjum in Lviv Wittlin joined the volunteer military formation of the Polish Legion in August 1914. His unit was however soon disbanded due to the refusal of the Poles to take the oath for the Austrian government. Subsequently he went to Vienna, where he passed the Matura and began studying philosophy. With his friend Joseph Roth he again joined the Austrian army in 1916 and after some military training was drafted into the infantry. Shortly before being sent to the Italian front he fell ill with scarlet fever and was thus prevented from direct participation in the fighting. His military service took place far off the front and included among other things working as a translator in Prisoner-of-war camps with Italian soldiers. In 1922 he moved to Łódź and 1927 to Warsaw. Since 1924 he was married to Halina Handelsmann. At this time he undertook extensive travels through Europe which significantly influenced his work. At the outbreak of World War II he lived in Paris, from where he was evacuated in May 1940 to Biarritz. With the help of Hermann Kesten he and his family succeeded to escape in January 1941 from Nice through Spain and Portugal to New York where he remained after the war. Józef Wittlin Józef Wittlin (1896–1976) was a Polish novelist, poet and translator. After graduating from a classical gimnazjum in Lviv Wittlin joined the volunteer military formation of the Polish Legion in August 1914. His unit was however soon disbanded due to the refusal of the Poles to take the oath for the Austrian government. Subsequently he went to Vienna, where he passed the Matura and began studying philosophy. With his friend Joseph Roth he again joined the"
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"U.S. prime rate In general, the United States prime rate runs approximately 300 basis points (or 3 percent) above the federal funds rate. The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meets eight times per year wherein they set a target for the federal funds rate. Other rates, including the prime rate, derive from this base rate. The most commonly recognized prime rate index is the \"Wall Street Journal\" prime rate (the \"WSJ\" prime rate), published in \"The Wall Street Journal\". Unlike other indexed rates, the prime rate does not change on a regular basis; rather, it changes whenever banks need to alter the rates at which borrowers obtain funds. The \"WSJ\" defines the prime rate as \"The base rate on corporate loans posted by at least 75% of the nation's 30 largest banks.\" It has been speculated though that this is no longer the real definition (and that the prime rate is simply the fed funds target rate + 3), because most corporate loans are indexed to LIBOR. When 23 out of 30 largest US banks change their prime rate, the \"WSJ\" prints a composite prime rate change. The prime rate is used often as an index in calculating rate changes to adjustable rate mortgages (ARM) and other variable rate short term loans. It is used in the calculation of some private student loans. Many credit cards with variable interest rates have their rate specified as the prime rate (index) plus a fixed value commonly called the spread. U.S. prime rate In general, the United States prime rate runs approximately 300 basis points (or 3 percent) above the federal funds rate. The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meets eight times per year wherein they set a target for the federal funds rate. Other rates, including the prime rate, derive from this"
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"Union Township School District The Union Township School District is a community public school district that serves students in kindergarten through eighth grade from Union Township, in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, United States. A new elementary school, named \"Union Township Elementary School\", opened for the 2006-2007 school year. The older building was renamed Union Township Middle School. As of the 2014-15 school year, the district and its two schools had an enrollment of 752 students and 44.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 17.1:1. The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group \"GH\", the third-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J. Public school students in ninth through twelfth grades attend North Hunterdon High School in Annandale, which also serves students from Bethlehem Township, Clinton Town, Clinton Township, Franklin Township and Lebanon Borough. As of the 2014-15 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 1,747 students and 134.8 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.0:1. The school is part of the North Hunterdon-Voorhees Regional High School District, which also includes students from Califon, Glen Gardner, Hampton, High Bridge, Lebanon Township and Tewksbury Township, who attend Voorhees High School in Lebanon Township. Schools in the district (with 2014-15 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are: Union Township Middle School offers a wide variety of after school activities; student council, drama club, volleyball, baseball, softball, boys and girls basketball, boys and girls soccer, cheerleading, cross-country, science club, computer club, as well as art club along with National Junior Honor Society. Core members of the district's administration are: Union Township School District The Union Township School District is a community public school district that serves students in kindergarten through eighth grade from Union Township, in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, United States. A new elementary school, named \"Union Township Elementary School\", opened for the 2006-2007 school year. The older building was renamed Union Township Middle School. As of the 2014-15 school year, the district and its two schools had an enrollment of 752 students and 44.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 17.1:1. The"
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"In February 2016, Stephen A. Smith, as well as ESPN, Little League Baseball, and Chris Janes, were sued by the parents of players from the Jackie Robinson West baseball team, whose 2014 Little League World Series title was vacated after Janes found the team had used ineligible players from outside a defined regional boundary. The lawsuit contained an allegation that Smith had made a defamatory remark regarding the controversy on First Take, which \"directly accused the JRW parents of perpetrating a fraud against the Little League\". \n On July 29, 2014, ESPN suspended co-host Stephen A. Smith from the show for one week over his controversial comments regarding the NFL's decision to suspend Baltimore Ravens running back Ray Rice for the first two games of the 2014 season as a result of his domestic violence incident with his fiancée in February 2014. \n As Cleveland Cavaliers forward LeBron James began a series of playoff appearances with the Cavs, host Skip Bayless became well known for his belief that James had been overrated by the media and not received enough criticism for his team's playoff failures. Bayless has himself been criticized by fans as well as members of the media for exaggerating James' failures and diminishing his successes. In an exchange with Dallas Mavericks owner Mark Cuban, Cuban argued that Bayless had reduced his analysis of the 2011 and 2012 NBA finals series to subjective and limited assessments of player psyche, and had not even considered the offensive and defensive strategies used by the teams in each series. \n On January 3, 2017, First Take switched channels with the two editions of SportsCenter. First Take moved to ESPN, while the 10:00 a.m. and 11:00 a.m. ET editions of SportsCenter moved to ESPN2. \n The show was originally hosted and moderated by Jay Crawford and Dana Jacobson, formerly of the show's predecessor Cold Pizza. \n The entire show is available as a commercial-free podcast following the broadcast of the recorded show. Episodes are also uploaded to the First Take YouTube page for viewing. \n In August 2011, the show underwent a drastic format change. Segments of the show were taken out and Skip Bayless' role in the show saw a dramatic increase, while the show itself began to focus on the debate. The ratings for the show saw a drastic increase as a result, with a reported 58% increase for the first 3 months of 2012, compared to the same time in 2011. \n * Stephen A. Smith:(2012–present) \n * Max Kellerman:(2016–present) \n\n\n In June 2012, long-time host Crawford announced he would be leaving First Take in order to present SportsCenter. \n On June 19, 2015, Champion left First Take due to her promotion to SportsCenter anchor. The following month, she was replaced on an interim basis by Molly Qerim, who was promoted to permanent host on September 15. \n ESPN First Take \n--- \nStarring | Stephen A. Smith Molly Qerim Max Kellerman \nCountry of origin | United States \nOriginal language (s) | English \nProduction \nRunning time | 2 hours \nRelease \nOriginal network | ESPN2 (2007–2016) ESPN (2017–present) \nOriginal release | May 7, 2007–present \nChronology \nPreceded by | Cold Pizza \nRelated shows | Skip and Shannon:Undisputed \nExternal links \nWebsite \n On July 23, 2012, the show debuted a new set and a new opening song Every Word Great by Wale featuring Stalley. It now featured an open slideshow showing Bayless and Smith arriving at campus (Once Kellerman joined the show in 2016, scenes showing Kellerman replaced those of Bayless). They are still in Studio E but they are in the middle of it, with a new desk. \n On July 25, 2016, Max Kellerman permanently replaced Skip Bayless as the First Take co-host as Bayless had left ESPN to join rival network FS1 and started another sports talk program called Skip and Shannon:Undisputed. \n The show is broadcast from Studio E at ESPN's headquarters in Bristol, Connecticut. It also has \"roadshow\" broadcasts for events such as the weeks of the College Football Playoff, the Super Bowl and the NBA Finals from the cities where those events take place. \n First Take is an American sports talk show on ESPN. Episodes air daily Monday through Friday, with the live episode airing from 10am ET until noon, with reruns from 1:00-3:00 PM ET on ESPN2 and from 4:00-6:00PM ET on ESPNews \n Through the show's success, First Take has experienced substantial controversy and faced increasing criticism, mostly concerning perceived sensationalism. \n Analysts and long-time sports reporters Max Kellerman and Stephen A. Smith (along with guests) are featured. Providing roundtable and often adversarial daily debate–often known as \"hot takes\"–on current sports topics of interest to a mainly United States audience. \n * Prim Siripipat \n\n\n Among claims have been that First Take has used hot button racial issues to create inflammatory debates and increase ratings. Most notably, during a discussion regarding Washington Redskins Quarterback Robert Griffin III, frequent guest Rob Parker asked whether Griffin III was a \"brother\" or a \"cornball brother.\" When pressed by host Cari Champion as to what that meant, Parker mentioned that Griffin III had a white fiance and mentioned claims that Griffin III was a Republican. In response, Bayless asked whether Griffin III's braids did anything to assuage Parker's concerns. Stephen A. Smith has also been at the center of the controversy with remarks about Cleveland Cavalier J.R. Smith's dress wear during a Cavaliers game that included a \"hoodie\" being worn on the bench in late October of 2017. This resulted in a public rant by J.R. Smith taking to Twitter to express his disapproval of Stephen A. Smith's comments ultimately end the rant with the accusation of Smith being an \"Uncle Tom\".J.R. makes these remarks due to a segment from Stephen A. Smith stating that \"white folks\" would be of disapproval in regard to what could be a \"Treyvon Martin case being revisited\" with a tweet questioning the work of Stephen A. Smith stating, \"this man is always reaching. What does me wearing a hoodie on the bench have anything to do with reminding people of #TreyvonMartin\". Stephen A. Smith not only reprimands J.R. Smith for wearing a hoodie during the fourth quarter of a late October game, but reprimands Nike for making a uniform that is unprofessional amongst racial remarks. \n * Rob Parker:Analyst/Guest Host (suspended from ESPN on December 20, 2012; did not return to network) \n * Chris Broussard, Now works for Fox Sports. \n\n\n * Jay Crawford:(2007–12) \n * Dana Jacobson:(2007–11) \n * Reischea Canidate:(2009–11) \n * Cari Champion:(2012–15) \n * Molly Qerim:(2015–present) \n\n\n The show has been criticized for what is perceived by many as its excessive coverage of the career of Tim Tebow. During his tenure with the Jets, in which he did not start in a game, and threw just eight passes the entire season. Tebow was nonetheless often a leading topic. \n On January 13, 2015, the first special edition of the show aired after the 2015 College Football Playoff National Championship titled First Take:College Football Championship Post Game Special. \n * Tedy Bruschi:NFL Analyst \n * Darren Woodson:NFL Analyst \n * Jeff Saturday:NFL Analyst \n * Tim Legler:Basketball Analyst \n * Ryan Clark:NFL Analyst \n * Damien Woody:NFL Analyst \n * Will Cain:NFL/NBA Analyst \n * Louis Riddick:NFL Analyst",
"The show has been criticized for what is perceived by many as its excessive coverage of the career of Tim Tebow. During his tenure with the Jets, in which he did not start in a game, and threw just eight passes the entire season. Tebow was nonetheless often a leading topic. \n On January 13, 2015, the first special edition of the show aired after the 2015 College Football Playoff National Championship titled First Take:College Football Championship Post Game Special. \n * Tedy Bruschi:NFL Analyst \n * Darren Woodson:NFL Analyst \n * Jeff Saturday:NFL Analyst \n * Tim Legler:Basketball Analyst \n * Ryan Clark:NFL Analyst \n * Damien Woody:NFL Analyst \n * Will Cain:NFL/NBA Analyst \n * Louis Riddick:NFL Analyst \n\n\n Previously, the show had a rotation of moderators, such as Todd Grisham, Don Bell (now Sports Director & anchor with Philadelphia's KYW-TV), Cindy Brunson (now with Fox Sports Arizona) and Jemele Hill. \n On April 30, 2012, it was announced on-air that regular guest contributor Stephen A. Smith would be joining First Take on a permanent, five-day-per-week basis. On occasions he was reporting from elsewhere, Rob Parker was frequently featured as his replacement until December 20, 2012, when he was suspended for comments made about Robert Griffin III; he would not return, as ESPN allowed his contract to expire, rather than re-sign him. \n In line with these changes, First Take introduced on October 1, 2012 a new permanent moderator, Cari Champion, previously a reporter from the Tennis Channel. \n * Skip Bayless:(2007–16)"
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"1919 Atlantic hurricane season The 1919 Atlantic hurricane season was among the least active hurricane seasons in the Atlantic on record, featuring only five tropical storms. Of those five tropical cyclones, two of them intensified into a hurricane, with one strengthening into a major hurricane (category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale.) Two tropical depressions developed in the month of June, both of which caused negligible damage. A tropical storm in July brought minor damage to Pensacola, Florida, but devastated a fleet of ships. Another two tropical depressions formed in August, the first of which brought rainfall to the Lesser Antilles. The most intense tropical cyclone of the season was the Florida Keys hurricane. Many deaths occurred after ships capsized in Bahamas, the Florida Keys, and Cuba. Strong winds left about $2 million in damage in Key West. After crossing the Gulf of Mexico, severe impact was reported in Texas, especially the Corpus Christi area. Overall, the hurricane caused 828 fatalities and $22 million in damage, $20 million of which was inflicted in Texas alone. Three other tropical cyclones developed in September, including two tropical storms and one tropical depression, all of which left negligible impact on land. The final tropical system of the season also did not affect land and became extratropical on November 15. The season's activity was reflected with an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 55. ACE is, broadly speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high ACEs. It is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding 39 mph (63 km/h), which is tropical storm strength. Historical weather maps indicate a tropical wave in the southeastern Gulf of Mexico on July 2, which developed into a tropical depression that day. Around 18:00 UTC, the depression strengthened into a tropical storm. Moving north-northwestward, it peaked with maximum sustained winds winds of 65 mph (100 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of . The storm remained very small in diameter \"at all times.\" At 11:00 UTC on July 4, the storm made landfall near Navarre, Florida at the same intensity. Early the next day, it weakened to a tropical depression, before dissipating several hours later. In Pensacola, Florida, the auxiliary schooner \"Nautilus\" of the E. E. Saunders Fish Company's fleet was destroyed, resulting in $1,500 in damage. The schooner \"W.D. Hossack\" was abandoned by the crew, though this vessel was later salvaged by the schooner \"Bluefields\" and the tugboat \"Echo\". Light damage to crops was also reported. The Great Florida Keys Hurricane of 1919 <br> A tropical wave developed into a tropical depression on September 2, while located near Guadeloupe. Early on September 3, the system became a tropical storm. It oscillated slightly in intensity during the next few days, while brushing Puerto Rico and north coast of Hispaniola. By September 5, the storm headed northward toward the southeastern Bahamas. The system crossed Mayaguana and began curving northwestward. Early on September 7, the storm strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane on the modern-day Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale, while curving just north of due west. After intensifying into a Category 2 hurricane later that day, the hurricane struck Long Island and Exuma. Around 12:00 UTC on September 8, the storm strengthened into a Category 3 hurricane, shortly before striking Andros. After clearing the Bahamas, the hurricane strengthened into a Category 4 hurricane early the following day. It intensified further over the Straits of Florida and peaked with maximum sustained winds of 150 mph (240 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of at 06:00 UTC on September 10. Hours later, the system made landfall in Dry Tortugas, Florida. The storm weakened while crossing the Gulf of Mexico and fell to Category 3 intensity around 12:00 UTC on September 12. However, early the following day, it re-strengthened into a Category 4 hurricane. While approaching Texas, the system began to weaken again, deteriorating to a Category 3 hurricane on September 14. Later that day, it made landfall in Kenedy County with winds of 115 mph (185 km/h). The storm weakened while moving inland and dissipated near El Paso on September 16. Two schooners capsized in the Windward Islands due to the hurricane. In the United States Virgin Islands, a sustained wind speed of was observed on Saint Thomas. Strong winds lashed the Bahamas, destroying buildings on Eleuthera and demolishing houses on San Salvador Island. The steamer \"Corydon\" sank in the Bahama Channel, resulting in 27 deaths. In Florida, considerable damage was reported in the Miami area, though \"nothing very serious resulted\". A tornado in Goulds damaged 19 buildings and destroyed six others. On Key West, strong winds damaged brick-structured buildings, with \"probably not a structure on the island\" escaping impact. Additionally, large vessels that were firmly secured were torn loose from their mooring and beached. Overall, three people drowned and damage reached approximately $2 million. The Spanish steamship SS Valbanera sank offshore Havana, Cuba, presumably drowning all 488 passengers and crewmen. In Texas, storm surge and tidal waves resulted in severe damage. Some 23 blocks of homes were destroyed or swept away in Corpus Christi. In the city alone, 284 bodies were recovered and damage was conservatively estimated at $20 million. In Matagorda, Palacios, and Port Lavaca, wharves, fish houses, and small boats were significantly impacted. The docks and buildings in Port Aransas were swept away, with the exception of a school building. Houses and crops were also leveled in Victoria. Overall, 310 deaths were reported in Texas. On September 1, a southwest-northeast oriented stationary front was situated offshore the East Coast of the United States from east of The Carolinas to the south of Nova Scotia. By the following day, the front spawned a tropical depression about 225 mi (360 km) southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. The depression moved northeastward and detached from the stationary front. Around 06:00 UTC on September 2, it strengthened into a tropical storm. The system intensified into a hurricane early on the following day. Later on September 3, the storm strengthened into a Category 2 hurricane and peaked with maximum sustained winds of 100 mph (155 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of . Thereafter, the storm weakened to a Category 1 and a tropical storm on September 4, before becoming extratropical near Cape Breton Island later that day. This system was first identified as a hurricane by Ivan Tannehill in 1938. A tropical disturbance developed into a tropical depression at 00:00 UTC on September 29, while located about northeast of the Abaco Islands in the Bahamas. Moving northwestward along the periphery of a high-pressure area, the depression strengthened into a tropical storm later that day. After peaking with winds of 45 mph (75 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of , the storm curved west-northwestward while approaching the Southeastern United States. At 01:00 UTC on October 1, the system made landfall near St. Simons, Georgia. The cyclone weakened to a tropical depression by later that day. Moving westward, it dissipated over southeastern Alabama early on October 2. An extratropical low-pressure area formed east of Bermuda on November 10. The low moved southwestward and gradually acquired tropical characteristics. By 00:00 UTC on November 11, it developed into a tropical storm, while located about 415 mi (670 km) south-southeast of Bermuda. Around that time, the storm peaked with maximum sustained winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of . Later on November 12, it curved northwestward. The storm then turned",
"pressure of , the storm curved west-northwestward while approaching the Southeastern United States. At 01:00 UTC on October 1, the system made landfall near St. Simons, Georgia. The cyclone weakened to a tropical depression by later that day. Moving westward, it dissipated over southeastern Alabama early on October 2. An extratropical low-pressure area formed east of Bermuda on November 10. The low moved southwestward and gradually acquired tropical characteristics. By 00:00 UTC on November 11, it developed into a tropical storm, while located about 415 mi (670 km) south-southeast of Bermuda. Around that time, the storm peaked with maximum sustained winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of . Later on November 12, it curved northwestward. The storm then turned east-southeastward the following day. On November 14, the system weakened and curved northeastward. Around 12:00 UTC the next day, it became extratropical, with the remnants dissipating hours later. In addition to the five other tropical storms, there were five tropical cyclones that remained a tropical depression. The first depression formed from a low pressure area just offshore Belize on June 1. Moving northward, the storm dissipated over the southeastern Gulf of Mexico by the following day. Another tropical depression from non-tropical origin near Bermuda on June 15. After tracking generally southwestward for a few days, the depression became extratropical on June 18. The next tropical depression was reported in the vicinity of the Windward Islands on August 18. It brought \"heavy weather\" to Barbados, causing two ship to run aground. On August 25, a tropical depression developed near the northern Cape Verde islands, before dissipated on the next day. The final depression that remained below tropical storm status formed southeast of Bermuda on September 9. The storm strengthened while heading northwestward, but transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on September 12. 1919 Atlantic hurricane season The 1919 Atlantic hurricane season was among the least active hurricane seasons in the Atlantic on record, featuring only five tropical storms. Of those five tropical cyclones, two of them intensified into a hurricane, with one strengthening into a major hurricane (category 3 or higher on the"
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"(I) Get Lost \"(I) Get Lost\" is a pop song written and recorded by the British rock musician Eric Clapton. The title was released as both a single on 23 November 1999 for Reprise Records and is featured as part of the compilation album \"\", which was released on 12 October 1999. It was written for the movie \"The Story of Us\". The track was written during a period Clapton experimented with minimalistic guitar riffs and Pro Tools along with his collaborator Simon Climie, while being in the recording sessions for the 1998 \"Pilgrim\" studio album. \"(I) Get Lost\" starts with a guitar line that featured Clapton playing an acoustic guitar with nylon strings. As the song evolves, percussions, strings and synthesizers come into action. The recording was produced by Simon Climie and Clapton himself. The song starts out in a key of A major. The song's lyrics tell the story of a man, who is longing for his either his girlfriend or lifelong love and feels himself lost in tears and apprehensibility. The song was originally written and recorded as part of the movie soundtrack to the 1999 film \"The Story of Us\", where the song was featured along with the \"Main Title\" (also composed by Clapton for the movie) in the very beginning. It was later released with the soundtrack compact disc under Reprise Records. The pop title was also released as a compact disc and vinyl single on 23 November 1999. In Germany, the single was re-released in 2000. Besides being released in Europe and the United States, the CD single was also made available in Japan and Mexico. Music critic Dan Goldwasser of \"Soundtrack.NET\" calls the song an \"upbeat song\" which \"immediately grabs the listener\". Additionally, the \"(I) Get Lost\" has got an important part of making the movie soundtrack \"The Story of Us\" a \"relaxing score\". The music website \"AllMusic\" rates the single release with one and a half of five possible stars. \"Billboard\" magazine's Chuck Taylor thinks, \"you will be speechless\" after hearing the single, because the release is an \"absolutely enchanting and bold effort by this timeless artist to step to the late–90's plate instead of letting reflective ballads redefine his image as an aging AC balladier\". Taylor goes on in his review for the music magazine, stating: \"Every element of this song shines, from its light but intelligent lyric about being lost without the one he loves (though, at the same time implicationg her as less than the perfect mate) to an overwhelmingly catchy chorus. But it's the production that will elevate 'Lost' above the pop patter out there, with its dignified demeanor wrapped in a toe-tapping vibe that will delight the nation. Even the die-hards wwho look back to his simpler rock days will find an appreciation in this ditty, a sure step forward for an artist who demands to be noticed by the mainstream this time around. This is surprising, great fun and a sure-fire hit\". (I) Get Lost \"(I)"
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"Humayun Azizi Humayun Azizi () was a governor of Kandahar Province, Afghanistan, from April 2015 until 2017. He has previously been minister for parliamentary affairs in the national government. In 2008 Dr Azizi resumed his further studies in plastic surgery in France and received his certificate in 2009. Humayun Azizi is a Pashtun from the Herat Province. He obtained his PhD in medicine from the Kabul Medical University. He was a doctor in a Herati hospital from 2000 to 2003. A general surgeon, he soon became head of Burn Unit at Herat Zone Hospital in 2002. Alongside his profession, he was also interested and active in social and political affairs of Afghanistan. In 2005 Azizi was elected as member of Provincial Council of Herat and chaired the Council for 4 years. Humayun Azizi has been supporting cultural and civil society organizations in Herat province. In 2009, he established Afghanistan Islamic Civil Partnership assembly, and he is still running the assembly in order to create opportunities for Afghan youth and other civil organizations in the country. He was appointed Minister of State for Parliamentary Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan in 2010. Moreover, Azizi was a member of regional Peace Loya Jirga, Peace Consultative Jirga and Traditional Loya Jirga, and he was appointed as a member of Preparation Committee of Traditional Loya Jirga by the President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan in 2011. He is also an active member of the National Security Council of Aghanistan. In April 2015, president Mohammad Ashraf Ghani appointed Humayun Azizi the new provincial governor for the southern Kandahar Province of Afghanistan. On January 11, 2017, Azizi was injured from an explosion at the governor's compound. His subsequent hospitalization lasted 2 months. Humayun Azizi Humayun Azizi () was a governor of Kandahar Province, Afghanistan,"
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"Heichinrou Hong Kong Heichinrou Hong Kong (聘珍樓), separate entity from Heichinrou Japan but both represented by Yasuhiro Hayashi (林康弘), was established in 1988. The restaurant has history since 1884 from Yokohama Chinatown, Japan operated by several generations. Hong Kong subsidiary started with Heichinrou Seafood Restaurant in Tsim Sha Tsui, then opened another restaurant called Metropol Restaurant in 1990. Metropol Restaurant is located in the Central Admiralty area targeting banquets and dimsum business. With over 100 tables, it has the largest capacity among all the Heichinrou Hong Kong restaurants. During the next several years, Hong Kong Heichinrou opened in Causeway Bay, Diamond Hill, Kwun Tong, and Central. Lai Wai-Hung (黎偉雄) 2003-2017 In 1998–1999, it won the Urban Council Restaurant Hygiene Competition Large Chinese Restaurant Group||Champion and in 2009, the Yasuhiro Hayashi awarded “Promotion and development of Cantonese cuisine contributor” award by the first China Canton Cuisine Summit, organized by China National Tourism Administration and Guangdong Government for long history of promoting Cantonese cuisine by building reputation and trust in health and safety, as an individual.|| Heichinrou Hong Kong Heichinrou Hong Kong (聘珍樓), separate entity from Heichinrou Japan but both represented by Yasuhiro Hayashi (林康弘), was established in 1988. The restaurant has"
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"John F. O'Donnell John F. O'Donnell (died 1993) was an Irish-born 20th-Century American \"leading labor lawyer\" who represented the national Transport Workers Union (TWU) (now Transport Workers Union of America) and American Postal Workers Union (APWU) and also \"played a central role in New York City's transit strikes\" from the 1930s to the 1980s. O'Donnell was born in Donegal, Ireland. He had four brothers and two sisters. His support for the Irish Republican Army led to run-ins with British authorities, so he moved to New York City at age 20. He studied first at City College of New York (CCNY) and then earned a law degree from Fordham University in 1937. He attended night classes. By day, he worked variously as elevator operator, grocery clerk, teacher of delinquents, and editorial writer for \"The Irish Echo\". In the 1930s, O'Donnell became aide and friend to (then) City Councilman Michael J. Quill, who went on to co-found the Transport Workers Union and became its president. In 1948 he and Asher Schwartz formed a law partnership in Manhattan (and in 1981 formed an affiliated law firm in Washington), for labor law and union clients. Over the years, he partook in many \"tense\" transit negotiations, including the 11-day 1980 New York City transit strike. In 1990, O'Donnell was still serving as general counsel to the Transport Workers Union, as indicated in his letter of December 18, 1990, to the \"New York Times\", in which he voiced support for a strike by the \"New York Daily News\" \"wholeheartedly.\" O'Donnell served as general counsel for the Transport Workers Union from 1948. He also served as top lawyer for the American Postal Workers Union. Other clients included: International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers - Utilities Division - Local 3, Communications Workers of America - Locals 1101 and 1105, and Retail, Wholesale and Department Store Workers Union - Local 1S. (Schwartz served as counsel to the Newspaper & Mail Deliverers Union of New York and vicinity.) Successes for the firm included: \"See 1980 New York City transit strike\" As chief counsel, O'Donnell represented Local 100 of the Transport Workers Union during negotiations with the New York Transit Authority when Ed Koch was mayor of New York City. The strike had grown out of problems unresolved in the 1970s, largely over wages and the right (or not) to strike at all. During the strike, O'Donnell stated: (The TWU's \"no contract no work policy\") isn't set in concrete. The union has to adopt to changing circumstances and a changing world. The no contract, no work policy was adopted at a time when we had a lot of private employers and it never was carried out in every instance ... (Still), we would have as much right to strike as before. He also noted that TWU had never held any \"right\" to strike because, in New York, strikes by public employees are illegal. (Partner Schwartz also addressed the issue of right to strike by public employees and to collective bargaining.) In 1972, members of the law firm included: O'Donnell, partner Ashter W. Schwartz, Michael Klein, Robert J. Dryfoos, George Maxwell, Sylvan Schwartz, Elaine LoSquadro, Joan Siegel, Nancy Harber, and Phyllis Longhi Another member was Manlio DiPreta, who started his career with O'Donnell & Schwartz and negotiated three key contracts with New York's Transit Authority in the 1990s. O'Donnell married Gwendolyn Large. They had one son and three daughters. \"Mr. O'Donnell was known among labor insiders for his gargantuan cigars, Irish brogue, meticulous preparation and articulate presentation,\" reported the \"New York Times\" at his time of death. He died of cancer at Northern Westchester Hospital in Mount Kisco, New York, on January 28, 1993. His wife Gwynne died in 2004. Theodore W. Kheel, labor mediator, said of O'Donnell: \"Some people specialize in problems, but he always was looking for the solutions.\" John F. O'Donnell John F. O'Donnell (died 1993) was an Irish-born 20th-Century American \"leading labor lawyer\" who represented the national Transport Workers Union (TWU) (now Transport Workers Union of America) and American Postal Workers Union (APWU) and also \"played a central role in New York City's transit strikes\" from the 1930s to the 1980s. O'Donnell was born in Donegal, Ireland. He had"
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"Hohen Neuendorf station Hohen Neuendorf (in German S-Bahnhof Hohen Neuendorf) is a railway station in the town of Hohen Neuendorf, Germany. It is served by the Berlin S-Bahn and by several local buses. On 13 August 1961, the S-Bahn line to Oranienburg was cut off by the Berlin Wall, and it was only from Hohen Neuendorf to Oranienburg as a shuttle and a lonely, not connected line. It was only connected on 19 November 1961 to the rest of the East Berlin S-Bahn. The West Berlin section from Hohen Neuendorf to Frohnau was later reconstructed since February 1991 and reopened on 31 May 1992. In addition, the southern exit from Hohen Neuendorf was also closed. Hohen Neuendorf station Hohen Neuendorf (in German S-Bahnhof Hohen Neuendorf) is a railway station in the town of Hohen Neuendorf, Germany. It is served by the Berlin S-Bahn and by several local buses. On 13 August 1961, the S-Bahn line to Oranienburg was cut off by the Berlin Wall, and it was only from Hohen Neuendorf to Oranienburg as a shuttle and a lonely, not connected line. It was only connected on 19 November 1961 to the rest of the East Berlin S-Bahn. The West"
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"Playfair (lunar crater) Playfair is a lunar impact crater that is located in the rugged southern highlands on the near side of the Moon. It lies along the eastern rim of the eroded satellite crater Playfair G, a formation that is almost twice the diameter of Playfair itself. Playfair is nearly due north of the crater Apianus, and to the southwest of the Abenezra–Azophi crater pair. This crater is oval in shape, being slightly wider along the east–west axis. The rim is somewhat eroded, and tiny craterlets lie along the south and west rims. The interior floor is level and nearly featureless, with the only feature of the minor interest being a pair of tiny craterlets lying just to the east of the midpoint. Playfair is named after the Scottish scientist and mathematician John Playfair. The name applies as official international standard since 1935 and is registered at the International Astronomical Union (IAU). Earlier lunar cartographers had given the feature different names. Michael van Langren's 1645 map calls it \"Valerii\", likely after a Valerius. It was the probable location where Johannes Hevelius called it \"Celenorum Tumulus\" of the ancient world. After the 1651 nomenclature made by Giovanni Riccioli, the crater was left unnamed for about two centuries. By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Playfair. Playfair (lunar crater) Playfair is a lunar impact crater that is located in the rugged southern highlands on the near side of the Moon. It lies along the eastern rim of the eroded satellite crater Playfair G, a formation that is almost twice the diameter of Playfair itself. Playfair is nearly due north of the crater Apianus, and to the southwest of the Abenezra–Azophi crater pair. This crater"
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"Movitz Movitz is a discontinued implementation of the programming language Common Lisp for computers with x86 processors. It runs with no underlying operating system and is intended as \"a development platform for operating system kernels, embedded, and single-purpose applications\". , Movitz did not implement the full American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Common Lisp standard, but it is stable and usable, though poor as a development environment since all it provides is a simple read–eval–print loop (REPL), with no facility to edit or save files. An editor called LiCE, which closely follows the conventions of GNU Emacs, may be run on Movitz. A Movitz disk image with LiCE is available. Movitz Movitz is a discontinued implementation of the programming language Common Lisp for computers with x86 processors. It runs with no underlying operating system and is intended as \"a development platform for operating system kernels, embedded, and single-purpose applications\". , Movitz did not implement the full American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Common Lisp standard, but it is stable and usable, though poor as a development environment since all it provides is a simple read–eval–print loop (REPL), with no facility to edit or save files. An editor called LiCE, which closely follows"
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"Francesco Sizzi Francesco Sizzi, an Italian astronomer who lived during the 17th century, is credited with being the first to notice the annual movement of sunspots. He also argued against the existence of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter, discovered by Galileo in 1610. In 1611, he published a book, Dianoia astronomica, optica, physica, qua Syderei Nuncij rumor de quatuor planetis à Galilaeo Galilaeo mathematico celeberrimo recens perspicillì cuiusdam ope conspectis, vanus redditur. Auctore Francisco Sitio Florentino, (in Latin; approximate translation of its title: \"Understanding of astronomy, optics, and physics, about a rumor in Sidereus Nuncius about the four planets seen by the very celebrated mathematician Galileo Galilei with his telescope, shown to be unfounded.\"). His main argument was an astrological one (book page 16). In the macrocosm, there are seven planets: two favorable (\"beneficas\") ones, two unfavorable (\"maleficas\") ones, two luminaries, and unique Mercury, erratic and indifferent (\"vagum & indifferens\"). In the microcosm, the human head has seven openings: two nostrils, two eyes, two ears, and one mouth. He also noted that there are seven days in the week, seven metals, etc. Given all these corresponding sets of seven, there was clearly no place for the extra planets that Galileo had claimed to have discovered. So they do not exist. Francesco Sizzi Francesco Sizzi, an Italian astronomer who lived during the 17th century, is credited with being the first to notice the annual movement of sunspots. He also argued against the existence of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter, discovered by Galileo in 1610. In 1611, he published a book, Dianoia astronomica, optica, physica, qua Syderei Nuncij rumor de quatuor planetis à Galilaeo Galilaeo mathematico celeberrimo recens perspicillì cuiusdam ope conspectis, vanus redditur. Auctore Francisco Sitio Florentino, (in Latin; approximate translation of its title: \"Understanding of astronomy, optics, and physics, about"
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"Diandra (Finnish singer) Diandra Danielle Flores (born 12 August 1994), better known by her stage name Diandra, is a Finnish pop singer who rose to fame as the winner of the sixth season of the Finnish singing competition \"Idols\" in 2012. She is the youngest winner of Finland's Idols. Her debut album \"Outta My Head\" was released in July 2012. In Autumn 2004, when she was just 10, Diandra won Staraoke, a Finnish children singing competition. Her father is from Chile and her mother from Finland. She made a TV comeback in \"Idols\" 2012. Immediately after winning \"Idols\", Diandra signed a recording contract with Universal Music and released her debut single \"Onko Marsissa lunta?\" followed by \"Outta My Head\". Her debut album \"Outta My Head\" was released on 5 July 2012, only two months after she won \"Idols\". She was the second woman to win \"Idols\" after Hanna Pakarinen. She performed the English-language song \"Light Up the Ice\" as the theme music to the 2017 World Figure Skating Championships. Diandra (Finnish singer) Diandra Danielle Flores (born 12 August 1994), better known by her stage name Diandra, is a Finnish pop singer who rose to fame as the winner of the"
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"Danish Culture Canon The Danish Culture Canon () consists of 108 works of cultural excellence in eight categories: architecture, visual arts, design and crafts, film, literature, music, performing arts, and children's culture. An initiative of Brian Mikkelsen in 2004, it was developed by a series of committees under the auspices of the Danish Ministry of Culture in 2006–2007 as \"a collection and presentation of the greatest, most important works of Denmark's cultural heritage.\" Each category contains 12 works although music contains 12 works of score music and 12 of popular music and the literature section's 12th item is an anthology of 24 works. The committee for architecture was asked to choose 12 works covering both buildings and landscaping. It was decided that works could either be in Denmark designed by one or more Danes or abroad designed by Danish architects. The committee consisted of: Lone Wiggers (chair), Carsten Juel-Christiansen, Malene Hauxner, Lars Juel Thiis and Kent Martinussen. The committee for visual arts decided that only works of artists who had completed their oeuvre could be included. They also decided that members of the committee could each select a work they especially appreciated. In this way the committee first selected seven works whereafter five members selected one work each. The committee consisted of Hein Heinsen (chair), Hans Edvard Nørregård-Nielsen, Bente Scavenius, Bjørn Nørgaard and Sophia Kalkau. The committee for design and crafts decided that selection should be based on works with a useful function which were relevant at the time they were created while remaining recognizable today. They should also fall into an international perspective. The committee consisted of Merete Ahnfeldt-Mollerup (chair), Erik Magnussen, Astrid Krogh, Ursula Munch-Petersen and Louise Campbell. In their selection, the committee for film focused on films reflecting Danish life with Danish actors. The included nevertheless the film \"Sult\" (\"Hunger\") which takes place in Oslo and has Swedish actors. The committee consisted of Susanne Bier (chair), Vinca Wiedemann, Tivi Magnusson, Ole Michelsen and Jacob Neiiendam. The committee for literature found it important to select works with a quality which had been appreciated over time. The selected works were also considered to have made an important contribution both to Danish literature and to Danish culture in the widest sense. They reflect an original and bold artistic approach to works of value. They are worthy of being preserved for posterity as they serve as reference points in a modern global context. The committee consisted of Finn Hauberg Mortensen (chair), Erik A. Nielsen, Mette Winge, Claes Kastholm Hansen and Jens Christian Grøndahl. The 12th item is an Anthology of lyrics consisting of the following 24 works: The committee for music explained that, taking account of the wide range of Danish music, they gave focus to individual works rather than a composer's oeuvre. They presented two lists: one for what they called score music (classical), the other for popular music, although the two should be considered as a whole. The committee consisted of Per Erik Veng (chair), Jørgen I. Jensen, Torben Bille, Inger Sørensen and Henrik Marstal. The 12th item titled Højskolesange (Folk High School Songs) consists of the following 12 songs: The 12th item Evergreens is an anthology consisting of the following works: The committee for performing arts explained that their selection was based on works of unique creativity representing something new for their time while still remaining meaningful today. The committee consisted of Flemming Enevold (chair), Karen-Maria Bille, Jokum Rohde, Sonja Richter and Erik Aschengreen. The committee was formed spontaneously as work proceeded in the other areas. It is therefore not an independent selection as suggestions were received from all the other areas. According to press reports, the canon has had limited impact and has been ineffective in its stated goal of fostering integration between the Danes and the immigrant communities. \"Berlingske\" pointed out, nevertheless, that the canon will remain a milestone as a non-socialist government had dared to \"simply state that some works are better than others\" and assert in that \"this country may well be a modern society in a globalised world but that does not mean we have no merit as a nation or no right to national pride.\" Erik A. Nielsen, a member of the canon's literature committee, is not surprised the literature canon has had such limited effect, faced as it is with a \"tsunami of international, strongly commercial cultural interests.\" He points out that the only reason his students take an interest in Danish culture is that \"they have to take exams in it. If they are free to choose culture themselves, they go for films, rock music and a whole lot more that is essentially English or American in origin. Danish Culture Canon The Danish Culture Canon () consists of 108 works of cultural excellence in eight categories: architecture, visual arts, design"
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"Okara District Okara District (Punjabi and ), is a district of Sahiwal Division in Punjab, Pakistan. It became a separate district in 1982, prior to that it was part of Sahiwal District. The Multan Road connects the district capital, Okara with Lahore 110 km away and Faisalabad is 100 km by passing away Ravi River. According to the 2017 census, the district has a population of 3,039,139. Okara District shares boundary on the South Bahawalnagar, on the South-West by Pakpattan, on the west by Sahiwal, on the north by the districts of Faisalabad and Nankana Sahib, on the Near-East & Far-North by Kasur, on the South-East by Fazilka (India). Okara District lies on Radcliffe line/Indo-Pakistani border, therefore its geographic importance for defence is high. Okara Cantonment is a beautiful Cantt of Pakistan. Okara region was an agricultural region with forests during the Indus Valley Civilization. The Vedic period is characterized by Indo-Aryan culture that invaded from Central Asia and settled in the Punjab region. The Kambojas, Daradas, Kaikayas, Madras, Pauravas, Yaudheyas, Malavas, Saindhavas and Kurus invaded, settled and ruled ancient Punjab region. After overrunning the Achaemenid Empire in 331 BCE, Alexander marched into present-day Punjab region with an army of 50,000. The Okara was ruled by Maurya Empire, Indo-Greek kingdom, Kushan Empire, Gupta Empire, White Huns, Kushano-Hephthalites and Shahi kingdoms. In 997 CE, Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi, took over the Ghaznavid dynasty empire established by his father, Sultan Sebuktegin, In 1005 he conquered the Shahis in Kabul in1005, and followed it by the conquests of northern Punjab region. The Delhi Sultanate and later the Mughal Empire ruled the region. The Punjab region became predominantly Muslim due to missionary Sufi saints whose dargahs dot the landscape of the Punjab region. After the decline of the Mughal Empire, the Sikh Empire invaded and occupied Sahiwal. The Muslims faced restrictions during the Sikh rule. During the period of British rule there was a forest of Okaan where the city has been built. The city is a relatively new agricultural city. The word \"Okara\" for this district was actually originated from word \"Okan\" (a lush green tree with needle like leaves). The Okan Tree gave birth to word Okanwali (Land of Okan)which ultimately finalized into Okara. During British rule the area was part of Montgomery District and contained a large saltpeter refinery. At independence in 1947, one of the two textile mills that Pakistan got was in Okara. The mill was known as Sutlej textile mill and it was Asia's biggest textile mill at that time but at present, it is closed down. In 1982 the city became the headquarters of the newly created Okara District. Okara has had a railway line since 1892. Okara District was previously part of Montgomery District which included: Pakpattan, Sahiwal, Okara, districts, of Punjab. The predominantly Muslim population supported the Muslim League and the Pakistan Movement. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the minority Hindus and Sikhs migrated to India while the Muslim refugees from India settled in the Okara district. Babu Rajab Ali the great Kavishari (a genre of Punjabi traditional poem) writer also belonged to this district. Okara District is famous for its fertile lands, peaceful natural environment and green fields of Potato, tomato, sugarcane, wheat, rice and maize crops. Oranges and Mangoes orchards are famous. The area of district Okara is the gold mine for history seekers, spiritual and curious travellers. One can find archaeological remains of different dynasties of prehistory, Indus Valley Civilisation, Persians, Ghaznavids, Sultanates, the Mugal Empire, the Sikh Confederacy and the British Raj. There is a central ridge, in the centre of Okara District, which marks the old river bed of the Beas, and the boundary b/w the eastern and western half of the district. The ridge descends from Kasur, all the way to Chunian, and then Shergarh in Okara. As you go west of the ridge, into Okara & Renala Khurd, the subsoil water is brackish, therefore the area is dependent on canals for irrigation. However, after you cross the ridge east into Depalpur Tehsil, the subsoil water is sweet and good for agriculture. Okara District is also famous for the lemon, guava & grapefruit orchards, belonging to the food processing company, Mitchell's Fruit Farms Limited. The orchard runs for about 6 miles, along with the LBDC, from Renala Khurd all the way up to the Okara bypass. The predominant first language according to the 1998 census was Punjabi, spoken by % of the population, while Urdu accounted for 3.5%. The national language Urdu and official language English is taught in all schools. The varieties spoken are standard Punjabi (Majhi) and Jhangvi (Rachnavi) dialects but the other major language is Haryanvi and Ranghari. Okara is also famous for its cattle breed known as Sahiwal and a Water buffalo breed known as Niliravi. It is very rich in livestock population and production. The Livestock Production Research Institute (LPRI) Bahadar Nagar Farm is a very large Government farm near Okara city (18.5 km on Faisalabad road from DepalPur Chowk Okara). The farm has a large number of cows, buffalos, bulls (for reproduction), goats and sheep. Okara is the top milk producing city of Pakistan. The biggest military dairy farm lies in Okara district. Okara have all the basic physical and organizational structures, services and facilities needed and necessary in a city. Like the whole Pakistan, Cricket is the most famous sports in Okara as well. There are two modern Cricket Stadiums (Okara Gymkhana Cricket Ground and Jinnah Cricket Stadium). Okara Gymkhana Cricket ground is a First Class Cricket venue of Pakistan Cricket Board as it has an all great cricketing facilities along with world class cricket pitches.Football, Hockey, Basketball Court, Badminton Arena are also constructed in the heart of City. A new international hockey stadium is being constructed in Renala Khurd Tehsil of Okara, which would be completed by 2013. This stadium will develop a strong infrastructure for hockey in the country. There are also many small and considerable big parks for the general public. The three main recreational parks are Ladies Park, Bagh-e-Jinnah and District Park. Educational institutes include Education University, Cadet College, Government College for Boy, two Government Colleges for Women. There are also many privately owned colleges and schools, which are nationally recognised, well built, big and their standard of education is also high as compared nationally. The District Public School and College, Okara (DPSC Okara) is a well-known institute in the City, province and also the Country. These institutes include Modern science and computer labs, libraries, playgrounds and canteens. The influx of private institutions in Okara district especially Punjab group of Colleges and superior group of colleges has been prominent over the past two decades. The previously famous farming district is now becoming more of an educational hub for secondary and higher secondary levels. There are various numerous public & private hospitals and clinics providing the health services. The popular and well-equipped hospitals are District Government hospital, surgical hospital and C.M.H Okara Cantt. There is also a Social welfare health society which is being operated by the Government of Punjab. Every hospital has more than two ambulances. Located in the village of Rehmpur the Rosary Christian Hospital also provides medical services to Okara and surrounding areas. The 1122 Rescue Government organization is also offering their services in Okara city. There is also a separated Fire station, located in the centre of the city, which has several old and also latest fire engines for safety services. Okara also has a vast Railway station, which contains several platforms, where almost every train going from",
"public & private hospitals and clinics providing the health services. The popular and well-equipped hospitals are District Government hospital, surgical hospital and C.M.H Okara Cantt. There is also a Social welfare health society which is being operated by the Government of Punjab. Every hospital has more than two ambulances. Located in the village of Rehmpur the Rosary Christian Hospital also provides medical services to Okara and surrounding areas. The 1122 Rescue Government organization is also offering their services in Okara city. There is also a separated Fire station, located in the centre of the city, which has several old and also latest fire engines for safety services. Okara also has a vast Railway station, which contains several platforms, where almost every train going from Islamabad to Karachi makes stop. There are two railway underpasses and one flyover which helps in smooth flow of traffic. On 31 May 2005, the Ex-President General Pervez Musharraf inaugurated the Okara Bypass (30.786887° 73.459238°), the length of 12.7 km, on GT road (N-5). This project was commenced on 5 September 2003, due to the great demand of the people of the area. It was completed at the cost of 62.817 Crore Rupees. This interchange proved very helpful in the smooth flow of national highway traffic, particularly between Lahore and Multan and to reduce the national traffic in the city. This bypass connects the Karachi-Lahore-Peshawar national highway which is the economic lifeline of Pakistan. Nearby cities are Sahiwal, Pakpattan, Depalpur, Mandi Ahmad Abad, Bseer Pur, Mundi Ahmad Abaad, Renala Khurd and Hvaili Lakha. There is a famous shrine of Sufi Sayed Shubbeer Husain Shah Ghilaani Situated in the village \"47/2-L (Raajpootaan)at the travelling Distance of only 10 Minutes on Dipaal Pur road Okara. About a distance of 25 km from DIpaal Pur, on Hvaili Lakha-Houjra Shaah Moqeem road, there is a famous shrine of Sufi Baabaa Wlee Roshun Shaah situated in the village of Bonga Saaleh. Every year on 27th of Harr(Desi Month), Mela is celebrated. Another well-known shrine near Dipaal Pur is that of Daud BUndgee Kirmaani, located in the town of Shairgurh, which is about 12 miles from Dipaal Pur and 7 miles from Houjra Shaah Moqeem. His urs is held in the middle of March, and is attended by thousands from all over Punjab and beyond. In the west of Okara city, the Raavi goes winding along the borders of Faisal Abaad and Shaikhupura districts. The Main Towns of the district are: And some minor towns of the district are: The following is a table of the Tehsils & Union Councils of Okara District: The district is represented in the Provincial Assembly, by 9 elected MPAs, who represent the following constituencies: The district is also represented in the National Assembly, by 4 elected members who represent the following constituencies: Okara is a basically traditional city. It is also known for the wide variety of culture reflecting the traditions and customs of the area. Melas (fairs) in the month of 'Saawan' are notable among these traditions where different types of games are played on the drum-beat and shops of sweets and toys etc. are decorated. The population mostly relies on agriculture as their main source of livelihood, although a number of people work in factories and offices as well. Dairy and fruit products are the identical mark of the area. The tombs of many great \"Sufis\" are also present here. There are many tribes and clans settled in the Okara District. The majority of the population of Okara are Punjabi speaking Muslims. The main tribes and clans include: Wuttoos,[Mungun Jut] Jhakhar or Jakhar, Juts Klaason Jut, Raajpoots, Shaikhs, Lodhis, Kharals, Kamyanas, Kumbohs, Khaanzaadas, Noons Arains and the Chaudhary are prominent. However, the Jat population is less compared to other communities. The honour of the city, shrine of Hazarat Sufi Manzoor Ahmad Sabri is situated in Mohalla Ghaziabad in Okara which is serving the humanity by showing real picture of spending life.A project of charity work, free maternity home serving poor women there at Dargha shraif. new project of free education free food and library is under consideration. Moreover, the shrines of Syed Shabbir Ali Shah and Baba Karmanwalli Sarkar have also gained popularity among the people. Okara District Okara District (Punjabi and ), is a district of Sahiwal Division in Punjab, Pakistan. It became a separate district in 1982, prior to that it was part of Sahiwal District. The Multan Road connects the district capital, Okara with Lahore 110 km away and Faisalabad is 100 km by passing away Ravi River. According to the"
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"Century City Medical Plaza The Century City Medical Plaza is a landmark set of two buildings in Century City, Los Angeles, California. The building is located at 2070-2080 Century Park East in Century City, on the West side of Los Angeles in California. It was designed in the Late Modern architectural style by architects Anthony J. Lumsden and César Pelli. Construction was completed in 1969. It is made up of two buildings: a seventeen-story office tower, and a ten-story hospital. The plaza originally housed Century City Hospital, which was owned by Tenet Healthcare Corporation. Tenet closed the hospital in 2004 as it sold it to Salus Surgical Group. The hospital was renamed as Century City Doctors Hospital, which closed in 2008 after filing for bankruptcy. In late 2016, the hospital was remodeled and re-opened as California Rehabilitation Institute, a Cedars Sinai/UCLA partnership providing in-patient rehabilitation and physical therapy treatment. The two buildings resemble two large black boxes made of skin glass. The mullions are reversed, thus playing on the idea of deconstructing the traditional architectural feature of columns. They were the first two buildings to be entirely enclosed in glass skin. This architectural style became a feature of \"corporate architecture\" for the next twenty years. Century City Medical Plaza The Century City Medical Plaza is a landmark set of two buildings in Century City, Los Angeles, California. The building is located at 2070-2080 Century Park East in Century City, on the West side of Los Angeles in California. It was designed in the Late Modern architectural style by architects Anthony J. Lumsden and César Pelli. Construction was completed in 1969. It is made up of two buildings: a seventeen-story office tower, and a ten-story hospital. The plaza originally housed Century City Hospital, which was owned by Tenet Healthcare Corporation. Tenet"
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"Haupt Collection The Haupt Collection entitled \"Thirty Pieces of Silver — Art and Money\" is a thematic Berlin-based collection of contemporary art curated by Stefan Haupt. The collection is dedicated to the topic of money all media. It is shown in rotating exhibitions in both national museums and art galleries, as well as by appointment in the space of Haupt's Law Firm. Initially dedicated to the photographic medium, Haupt shifted his focus to money art in the mid-'90s, inspired by an origami sculpture by New York-based Taiwanese artist Lee Mingwei. In the following years, this inspiration developed through visits to art fairs and galleries, as well as Internet research. The collection comprises some 200 works in varying techniques and approaches that provide an overview of the study of money in contemporary art. Significant works in the collection, among others, are the work \"$\" by the French light artist , \"Hidden Object III\" by Timm Ulrichs and several works by Joseph Beuys. Also represented in the collection (selected): Haupt Collection The Haupt Collection entitled \"Thirty Pieces of Silver — Art and Money\" is a thematic Berlin-based collection of contemporary art curated by Stefan Haupt. The collection is dedicated to the topic"
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"Majipa Lakhey Majipa Lakhey (, ) is a special lakhey in Nepalese folklore. He is also known as the Peaceful Bhairava(शान्त भैरव). The dance of this Lakhey takes place only in the week of the full moon of the month of Yenlaa of the Nepal Sambat calendar. He is considered to be the protector of the children. The Newari word \"Majipa\" is derived from Sanskrit \"Manjupattan\" \"Manjusri city\". Lākhe is the term used to denote carnivorous demons. Majipa Lakhey literally means the \"carnivorous demon of Majipa\". According to stories passed down through generations, a lakhey is supposed to have fallen in love with a girl from Majipa. So, the demon takes a form of a human and enters the city to see his beloved. Upon knowing the fact that the person is a Lakhey, the people capture the lakhey and present him to the king. The king makes a proposal to the demon that he will grant him a place in the city if he vows to preserve the children from other demons and participate in the annual Yanyaa Punhi Jatra (also called Indra Jatra). The Lakhey agrees and is supposed to reside in Majipa ever since. Another story links Lakhey to banishing the two cannibal children of the king Sawan Bhaku, after he was requested to do so by Akash Bhairav and Hanuman. However, the two children return to the city on Yanyaa Punhi to claim their rule and to devour humans. Lakhey is supposed to send them out of the city. This is symbolically represented in a dance conducted in Yanyaa Punhi every year. Majipa Lakhey's wife's name is Lashi, and their daughter's name was Lakhapati. During the Indra Jatra festival in Nepal, the Majipa Lakhey dance is conducted by the Ranjitkars of Kathmandu. Unlike in other traditional dances, the dancers are not trained in this dance. The Ranjitkars may have inherited this dance in their genes. The costume of Lakhey consists of a mask with hair and costumes attached to it. Together, these costumes and the mask can weigh up to . Before donning the mask, of clothing has to be worn. With all these additional weights, the Lakhey dance must still be performed easily and gracefully. Majipa Lakhey Majipa Lakhey (, ) is a special lakhey in Nepalese folklore. He is also known as the Peaceful Bhairava(शान्त भैरव). The dance of this Lakhey takes place only"
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"Nexus 5X Nexus 5X (codenamed bullhead) is an Android smartphone manufactured by LG Electronics, co-developed with and marketed by Google as part of its Nexus line of flagship devices. Unveiled on September 29, 2015, it is a successor to the Nexus 5. The phone, along with the Nexus 6P, served as launch devices for Android 6.0 Marshmallow, which introduced a refreshed interface, performance improvements, increased Google Now integration, and other new features. The phone was widely praised by reviewers on release, although many devices later began experiencing spontaneous unrecoverable bootloops. On October 4, 2016, Google presented its successor, the Google Pixel; the same day, the Nexus 5X was discontinued and removed from the Google Store. The device has a fingerprint sensor on the back called 'Nexus Imprint' which can be used by third party apps. The phone is compatible with Project Fi, Google's own mobile network. In order to save power, Google has introduced what it calls an 'Android Sensor Hub'. It is a secondary low-power processor whose purpose is to run activity-recognition algorithms by directly monitoring the device's accelerometer, gyroscope, fingerprint reader, and camera sensors, allowing the main CPU to remain inactive until something requires its attention. The Sensor Hub recognizes when the device has been picked up and will automatically display notifications in a low-power white-on-black text until the screen has been properly activated. Additionally, the Sensor Hub stack also supports hardware sensor batching, a feature introduced in KitKat that permits sensors to delay for a short period of time the handoff of non-critical data to the operating system – as opposed to sending a constant stream of data to the CPU, which results in the use of more power. Sensor batching has been used in step counters to avoid requiring the main processor to constantly remain awake for each step to be measured. The Nexus 5X houses a 12.3 megapixel (1.55 μm pixels) 2.0 aperture Sony IMX377EQH5 rear camera which is assisted by laser autofocus and dual LED flash. It can record 4K UHD videos at 30 FPS and slow motion videos at 120 FPS. It also has a 5 megapixel Omnivision OV5693 front camera. Although the rear camera hardware is the same as the Nexus 6P, the Nexus 5X lacks a burst mode and slow-mo video is limited to 120fps at 720p resolution. The Nexus 5X and 6P were among the first phones to use a USB-C connector instead of the hitherto standard Micro-USB connector. However, despite the Type-C connector, the USB port will only transfer data at USB 2.0 speeds (480 Mbit/s), and not USB 3.0 speeds (5.0 Gbit/s). Also, video is not available on this port, so Type-C-to-HDMI adapters will not work. However, USB On-The-Go is supported. Google and LG also made USB Type-C 'Rapid Charging' compatible with the device, claiming up to 4 hours of use in 10 minutes. iFixIt has assessed the Nexus 5X as easy to repair, the only issues being the lack of removable battery and a display fused with the front glass. The phone originally came with Android 6.0 Marshmallow, which includes \"Now On Tap\", \"Doze\" battery saving feature, detailed control of app permissions, and support for Google \"Imprint\" fingerprint sensor. In December 2015, Google released Android 6.0.1 Marshmallow for the Nexus 5X, among other devices. On August 22, 2016, Google released Android 7.0 Nougat for the Nexus 5X, as well as several other devices. Google released Android 7.1.1 Nougat for the Nexus 5X (among other devices) in December 2016. Among other changes, this update brought some features to the Nexus 5X that had been previously exclusive to the Pixel and Pixel XL phones. On August 21, 2017, Google released Android 8.0 Oreo for the Nexus 5X. Android 8.1 Oreo was released for the Nexus 5X, as well as some other devices, on December 5, 2017. Google has stated on its support page that further Android version updates are no longer guaranteed beyond September 2017, though the device will continue to receive security updates until at least November 2018. Color choices include Carbon, Quartz, and Ice. The body is a hard polymer plastic with the proximity sensor, light sensor, voice speaker on top of display and audio speaker below display, RGB LED notification light under audio speaker, and front facing camera on front of device. The back of the device includes a 12.3 megapixel camera, Google \"Imprint\" finger print sensor, dual tone flash, and LGE's laser auto focus. One side of the device contains the nano-SIM slot and the other includes the power button, and volume buttons. Microphones are on top and bottom of device. Ars Technica termed the Nexus 5X and Nexus 6P as \"the true flagships of the Android ecosystem\" and noted the \"few to no compromises\"; with further praise for the 6P for being only slightly more expensive than the 5X while having a more premium metal body and higher specs. The Verge criticized the Nexus 5X's specifications as its \"Snapdragon 808 processor and 2GB of RAM aren’t up to pace with the most powerful phones in 2015\", implying that it would not age as well as the more powerful Nexus 6P. Some Nexus 5Xs in early batches had yellow-tinted screens, which Google replaced. Some users have reported that the display has touch-sensitivity problems when the charger is connected. Many users have reported spontaneous unrecoverable bootloops. The issue seems more prominent following the update to Android 7.0, but users on Android 6.0 have also reported being affected. No clear pattern among affected units has emerged and no statement identifying affected units has been made by LG. However, it has been identified as a hardware issue. Nexus 5X Nexus 5X (codenamed bullhead) is an Android smartphone manufactured by LG Electronics, co-developed with and marketed by Google as part of its Nexus line of flagship devices. Unveiled on September 29, 2015, it is a successor to the Nexus 5. The phone, along with the Nexus 6P, served as launch devices for Android 6.0 Marshmallow, which introduced a refreshed"
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"Church of St Mary Magdalene, Cricket Malherbie The Anglican Church of St Mary Magdalene in Cricket Malherbie, Somerset, England was built in the 12th century and rebuilt in 1855. It is a Grade II* listed building. A church was built on the site in the 12th century however it was rebuilt around 1855. The rebuilding work was instigated by the Rev James Mountford Allen who was the curate of the church and headmaster of Ilminster Grammar School. It now serves as the parish church for Knowle St Giles where the former Church of St Giles is no longer consecrated and has been converted into a private house. The parish is part of the Two Shires benefice within the Diocese of Bath and Wells. The hamstone building has clay tiled roofs behind parapets. It consists of a three-bay nave, two-bay chancel and north transept. The three-stage tower is supported by corner buttresses and topped with a spire. The interior fittings including tomb memorials are from the mid 19th century. The boundary wall and lychgate were added in the 1850s. Church of St Mary Magdalene, Cricket Malherbie The Anglican Church of St Mary Magdalene in Cricket Malherbie, Somerset, England was built in"
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"Kongsberg Gruppen Kongsberg Gruppen is an international technology group that supplies high-technology systems and solutions to customers in the merchant marine, defence, aerospace, offshore oil and gas industries, and renewable and utilities industries. In 2016 Kongsberg had revenues of NOK 15,845 million, and 7,159 employees in more than 25 countries. The company is headquartered in Kongsberg. It comprises three business areas: Kongsberg is a continuation of Kongsberg Weapons Factory (Kongsberg Våpenfabrikk - KV) (1814-1987). After KV’s restructuring in 1987, defence activities continued as the company Norsk Forsvarsteknologi (NFT). In 1995 the company changed its name to Kongsberg Gruppen. Kongsberg was listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange in 1993 and is a public company. The Norwegian Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries is the largest shareholder with a 50.001 percent interest. Markets outside of Norway pose a growing and increasingly important part of business and represented approximately 80% of revenue in 2015. The company’s origin and background dates back to the early 1600s. The discovery of silver in the mountains around Kongsberg in 1624 meant that the city became an important mineral resource for the Danish Norwegian kingdom. When the Danish-Norwegian union was dissolved about 200 years later there was a need to build up a strong defence that would contribute to independence and security for Norway. There was a need for a domestic defence industry, and Kongsberg already had expertise after centuries of mining. On 20 March 1814 Poul Steenstrup founded Kongsberg Våpenfabrikk. 1814 was an important year for Norway. The nation wrote its constitution and in conjunction to this Kongsberg Weapons Factory (Kongsberg Våpenfabrikk) was founded by mining superintendent Poul Steenstrup on March 20, 1814. The weapons factory was one of the nation's first industrial factories. Kongsberg Silver Mines experienced a recession and as a consequence Kongsberg suffered distress and poverty. There was a need to create new jobs. In addition Norway was marked by the desire for national independence, and the Weapons factory would make the newly established state self-supplied with weapons. Kongsberg's mining traditions - established over several centuries - provided a good basis for building a knowledge-based business. Skilled mining engineers were now assigned to develop the new cornerstone company. The Weapons Factory quickly began producing rifles for the Norwegian Armed Forces. A number of models were developed and delivered throughout the 19th century. The major international breakthrough came in 1888 when director Ole Herman Johannes Krag and corps gunsmith Erik Jørgensen showcased a new type of rifle. International breakthrough came with the Krag–Jørgensen rifle in 1892. The officer Ole Herman Johannes Krag and gunsmith Erik Jørgensen wanted to produce a new type of precision rifle, which was both easy to use, inexpensive to manufacture and which had revolutionary functionality. The rifle's mechanism proved to be something quite revolutionary in the arms industry. The Krag–Jørgensen rifle was first adopted as a service rifle by the Danish Army in 1889. Three years later the rifle became a world-known concept when the United States decided to equip their soldiers with the rifle. \"The Krag\" turned out to be one of the first major export contracts for the Norwegian industry. During a six-year period the U.S. alone produced well over half a million rifles on licence. In 1894 the weapon was adopted as army rifle for the Norwegian Army. The weapon was in service until World War II. \"The Krag\" became Norway's first large-scale industrial export and helped to establish an important relationship with the U.S. military. The Krag–Jørgensen rifle dominated production at Kongsberg until the end of World War I. When the war was over there was a significant decline in military orders. The company therefore used its position and expertise from the defence industry to enter new markets and seek new business opportunities. Production of civilian products such as civil weapons, tools, and parts for the shipping industry and whaling fleet began 1918. Other departments made bicycle components, while the cannon department made shafts, connecting rods, forgings and whale guns. Kongsberg launched its first civil products in 1921. The products won gold medal at the World Exposition in Barcelona in 1929. During World War II Kongsberg was under German control. Production, however, never came up to such numbers as the occupation forces wanted. This was partly due to access to raw materials, but also resistance among factory workers. After the war Kongsberg was designated as one of the major industrial builders in Norway. The company produced everyday necessities such as pots and pans, and contributed to the development of the defence and maritime industry. The weapons factory was no longer under military command, and in 1953, the Norwegian Parliament, adopted a large-scale modernization and expansion of the company. The aim was to build a national high-tech defence industry that met the needs of the Norwegian Armed Forces as well as those of NATO. The creation of the Forsvarets Forskningsinstitutt (\"Defence Research Establishment\") (FFI) at Kjeller in 1947 was part of the same strategy. This cooperation has from the 1950s and up till present given rise to a number of defence systems such as the Penguin missile, NASAMS 2 air defence system, HUGIN AUV and Naval Strike Missile. After an agreement with Volvo in 1957, the production of automobile parts also became a considerable business for KONGSBERG. At first the company produced drive shafts, and then other components for heavy trucks, buses, tractors and agricultural machinery. The division was later reorganized into the company Kongsberg Automotive. Having had a national focus in the post-war period, KONGSBERG again directed its attention and expertise towards the international market. The years from 1960 to the end of the 80s were a time of innovation, development and rapid growth for Kongsberg. KONGSBERG’s focus on the maritime industry began in the early 1970s and coincided with the discovery of oil in the North Sea. Companies that would later become part of Kongsberg Gruppen, such as Simrad and Norcontrol, however, had already provided sonar systems and equipment for fishing and merchant marine for decades. The 1970s also became the decade when KONGSBERG positioned itself towards the petroleum sector. Dynamic positioning (DP) and subsea installations were revolutionary technology, which gave KONGSBERG a technological edge. KONGSBERG was about to get a position as a global technology leader. The rapid international growth resulted in both new opportunities and challenges.<br>The new focus on establishing a civilian product portfolio changed the shape of the company. In 1981 civil divisions accounted for 70% of business. Companies were acquired and the number of employees increased sharply. An international network of offices and factories began to take shape. But the business advancement and progress coincided with national and international unrest, which had a serious impact on the company, as an outcome of so-called Toshiba-Kongsberg scandal, after illegal export to the Soviet Union machine tools banned by Cocom. The outcome was a need to restructure the entire company. In 1987, the company was part of the Toshiba-Kongsberg scandal, which involved a subsidiary of Toshiba and the Kongsberg Vaapenfabrikk. The two provided the Soviet Union with technology (Toshiba milling machines and Kongsberg computer numerical controls) that could be used to produce quiet submarine propellers, in violation of the CoCom agreement. The US always relied on the fact that the Soviets had noisy boats. Providing the Svoiet Union with technology that could make their subs harder to find and track was perceived as a significant threat to the",
"unrest, which had a serious impact on the company, as an outcome of so-called Toshiba-Kongsberg scandal, after illegal export to the Soviet Union machine tools banned by Cocom. The outcome was a need to restructure the entire company. In 1987, the company was part of the Toshiba-Kongsberg scandal, which involved a subsidiary of Toshiba and the Kongsberg Vaapenfabrikk. The two provided the Soviet Union with technology (Toshiba milling machines and Kongsberg computer numerical controls) that could be used to produce quiet submarine propellers, in violation of the CoCom agreement. The US always relied on the fact that the Soviets had noisy boats. Providing the Svoiet Union with technology that could make their subs harder to find and track was perceived as a significant threat to the security of the United States. 1987 was a turning point in the history of Kongsberg. The company was divided into divisions that manufactured automobile parts, aircraft parts, gas turbines, oil installations, and marine equipment and defence equipment. Innovation was high, but not the profitability. The company had taken on too large and complex development tasks. The state, which owned all the shares, would not inject big money to keep the whole business, so the company was split up. The civil division was sold out, while the defence division continued under the name Norwegian Defence Technology (NFT) from 19 June 1987 to 1995. The newly formed company had for a short period of time a renewed focus on its core defence business. This helped the company regain financial stability. Then Kongsberg again turned its focus towards civil and maritime sectors. Kongsberg also entered new markets. In 1990 the company launched its own aerospace division. The restructuring process that began in 1987 culminated in 1993 when it was decided that Kongsberg should be partially privatized and listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange. This gave Kongsberg greater independence and the opportunity to cooperate with private business investors. It helped facilitate many positive changes, such as the establishment of Kongsberg Maritime as a separate business unit. The decision proved to be a crucial building block in the creation of Kongsberg as a modern company. In 1993, the company Norwegian Defence Technology (NFT) became publicly listed and partially privatized. Two years later, in 1995, the company took the name Kongsberg Gruppen and the current logo was established. Then followed a long series of acquisitions. This included buying back the maritime division. In 1997, Kongsberg gathered its operations in the subsidiaries Kongsberg Maritime and Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace. In 2008, parts of the defence business spun off as a separate business area as \"Kongsberg Protech Systems\". Other defence activities continued under the name Kongsberg Defence Systems. Also in 2008, parts of Kongsberg Maritime, which had worked with simulation technology in oil and gas, were reorganized under new management. The result was Kongsberg Oil & Gas Technologies that was established as a separate business area. However, due to challenging market conditions in the oil and gas industry this area was consolidated into Kongsberg Maritime and the newly established business area Kongsberg Digital in 2016. By the end of 2009 Kongsberg was divided into four separate divisions/business areas. As of October 2017 the business area Kongsberg Protech Systems was merged into Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace. The Kongsberg Group has three business areas: Kongsberg Maritime, Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace and Kongsberg Digital. Kongsberg has a long history of collaborating with national and international defence industries. The business area Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace is a provider of command and control systems, weapons control, communications, missiles, advanced composites and surveillance. A major milestone for the Group's defence area came in 2007 when the Group won a contract worth eight billion kroner for the delivery of CROWS II – a type of Protector Remote Weapon Stations (RWS) - to the U.S. military. The RWS allows the operator to control the weapon inside the vehicle, providing increased protection and reduced risk of both military personnel and civilians. As of today, the Protector RWS is the world's leading provider of remote weapon stations. Kongsberg has since delivered more than 17,000 weapons systems to 16 countries worldwide. Kongsberg's largest single contract ever was signed in January 2014 with Oman on the air defence system NASAMS. Kongsberg has for several years increased its activities in space and surveillance. KONGSBERG's space activities are organized under Kongsberg Defence Systems. In 1990, Kongsberg launched its own aerospace business unit. Through its subsidiaries Kongsberg Satellite Services (KSAT) and Kongsberg Spacetec in Tromsø the company is now a leader in services related to ground stations and satellites. Kongsberg currently operates a worldwide network of ground stations including on Svalbard and Antarctica, delivering high-tech solutions e.g. NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA). The acquisition of Horten-based Norspace AS 2011 consolidated space operations in Norway and contributed to KONGSBERG's commercial position within international aerospace and surveillance was strengthened. Kongsberg's space division is Norway’s largest supplier of equipment and services to the European Space Agency (ESA). Kongsberg's Space & Surveillance division delivers a broad spectrum of equipment; systems and services related to space and maritime surveillance customers in more than 40 countries. The portfolio includes equipment and components for the European heavy-lift launcher Ariane 5, communication satellites, earth observation satellites and scientific space probes. The division is a world-leading supplier of satellite ground stations for downloading and processing satellite data, as well as a supplier of satellite services from ground stations at Svalbard in the Arctic, the Antarctic and numerous other locations. The division is also a provider of maritime domain awareness systems and control centers for maritime surveillance, where integration of terrestrial and satellite data constitutes an important component. Kongsberg's Space & Surveillance division is located in Kongsberg, Kjeller, Horten and Tromsø. Kongsberg's focus on maritime industries began in the early 1970s and coincided with the discovery of oil in the North Sea. This was also the decade in which Kongsberg positioned itself in the petroleum sector. Dynamic positioning (DP) and underwater installations were two areas that would prove to be crucial for the company. On 17 May 1977 Kongsberg's first DP-system was put into operation on board the diving support vessel Seaway Eagle. In 1983, KONGSBERG introduced the first diver-free underwater system for the Gullfaks field. It went on to operate for 20 years. Kongsberg Maritime is Kongsberg's largest business area. It is divided in three main areas: Kongsberg Maritime delivers products and systems for positioning, navigation and automation to merchant vessels, Subsea and offshore installations, as well as products and systems for seabed surveying and monitoring. The company is a world leader in dynamic positioning (DP), automation and monitoring systems, process automation, satellite navigation and hydro-acoustics Kongsberg Maritime's activities have in recent years grown steadily. The company's supplies to the subsea, offshore and merchant fleet amounted in 2013 to over half of the Kongsberg Group's total revenue. The business area is headquartered in Kongsberg, has greater activity in the maritime cluster in Horten, in addition to offices worldwide. Kongsberg Digital was established in 2016 to increase to group's focus and efforts on industrial digitalization. It was fully operational from July 1, 2016. The business area consists of simulation from the previous business area of Kongsberg Oil &",
"and systems for seabed surveying and monitoring. The company is a world leader in dynamic positioning (DP), automation and monitoring systems, process automation, satellite navigation and hydro-acoustics Kongsberg Maritime's activities have in recent years grown steadily. The company's supplies to the subsea, offshore and merchant fleet amounted in 2013 to over half of the Kongsberg Group's total revenue. The business area is headquartered in Kongsberg, has greater activity in the maritime cluster in Horten, in addition to offices worldwide. Kongsberg Digital was established in 2016 to increase to group's focus and efforts on industrial digitalization. It was fully operational from July 1, 2016. The business area consists of simulation from the previous business area of Kongsberg Oil & Gas Technologies and simulation from Kongsberg Maritime. In addition the business area has established positions within the renewable and utilities area. The business area is headquartered in Asker, with offices throughout Norway and the world. Figures are in billions. In 2014 the company and Kongsberg Defence Systems were charged by Norway, for corruption related to deliveries (worth around Norwegian kroner 1.5 billion) of communication equipment to Romania during 1999–2008. The alleged corruption supposedly occurred in Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace, according to Aftenposten. In spring 2012 \"various signals\" indicated corrupt practices, and within a short time, investigators from outside the company were put to task. In autumn of 2013 the company discontinued a year-long investigation by PricewaterhouseCoopers—without giving the investigators' report to the police. The investigation found that funds had been transferred to tax havens. On 25 February 2014 Økokrim searched company premises in Kongsberg and Asker. On the same day one employee was arrested and charged (and released two days later). The leaders of the company were summoned for a meeting with then Minister of Trade and Industry. On 26 February 2014 the meeting was held, attended by then chairman and then CEO. The board meeting later that day, was joined by the minister via phone. On 27 February 2014 media said that then chairman had not read the report by PricewaterhouseCoopers about their investigation. A 28 February 2014 NRK article said that the transaction with Romania was connected with export guarantees worth Norwegian kroner 669 million—from Guarantee Institute for Export Credits (GIEK). Furthermore, \"while we [NRK] were at the National Archives to find the documents, representatives from GIEK came to get the folders, supposedly because Økokrim has requested delivery of the documents—from GIEK\". (The folders contained \"three of the contracts\" [with Romania].) The contracts with GIEK, stipulate that bribes and other corruption are in violation of the contracts. Reactions to the investigation include professor Peter Gottschalk saying that \"It is obvious that the company should have contacted the police and not discontinued the case. When financial crime is suspected, the police should be notified. I think that the reason they did not do that, was that they did not want publicity\". A 28 February 2014 Dagens Næringsliv article said that \"The question for the company's largest owner thru minister of trade Monica Mæland (H)—without regard to what Økokrim uncovers in its investigation—ought to be whether the government's companies are best served by having committee members that are that irresolute\". A 5 March 2014 Aftenposten editorial said that \"The most important question is another one: Why do such cases appear again and again, despite tightened regulations and attitude campaigns? - Is it time to move focus to the manner in which co-workers are rewarded?\" An 18 March \"Dagens Næringsliv\" editorial said that \"The board of directors of Kongsberg Gruppen permitted the [corporation's] leadership to put out of sight—the fact finding report regarding possible corruption—without bothering the leadership with bothersome questions. - The minister of trade must evaluate if this is in line with the zero tolerance, that she is trying to 'make more clear'.\" In August 2016 the case against KONSGBERG was dropped by Økokrim, thus the company no longer being under suspicion or investigation for corruption. Økokrim decided to prosecute a former employee of the company with charges of fraud. The Kongsberg Group is a main sponsors of the Kongsberg Jazz Festival. In 2018 Andreas Røysum started an online petition on ipetitions.com demanding the festival organizers to end their cooperation with the Kongsberg Group stating the sponsoring being incompatible with the spirit of the festival. Kongsberg Gruppen Kongsberg Gruppen is an international technology group that supplies high-technology systems and solutions to customers in the merchant marine, defence, aerospace, offshore oil and gas industries, and renewable and utilities industries. In 2016 Kongsberg had revenues of NOK 15,845 million, and 7,159 employees in more than 25 countries. The company is headquartered in Kongsberg. It comprises three business areas: Kongsberg is a continuation of Kongsberg Weapons Factory (Kongsberg Våpenfabrikk - KV) (1814-1987). After KV’s restructuring in 1987, defence activities continued as the company Norsk Forsvarsteknologi (NFT). In 1995 the company changed its"
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"retrieved": [
"Yapı Merkezi Yapı Merkezi Holding A.Ş. is a group company whose field of activity is mainly in construction industry. It is founded in 1965 by Ersin Arioglu and Koksal Anadol in Istanbul. As the first and largest company of the Yapı Merkezi Group, Yapı Merkezi Construction and Industry has realized the design and construction of a wide variety of buildings, rail systems and heavy construction projects. Since 1980, the company has also realized contracts in countries such as Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Morocco, United Arab Emirates, Sudan and Ethiopia. Yapı Merkezi web site is awarded for “Construction Standard of Excellence”. Through its specialized companies, Yapı Merkezi has realized national and international projects within the fields of transportation systems, rail systems, tunnels, bridges, viaducts, industrial and general service buildings, mass housing and city planning, water collection and supply systems, restoration, strengthening, and repair works. Yapı Merkezi Prefabrication established in 1978 was the first company in its field to obtain the ISO 9001 Quality Assurance certificate in Turkey. In 1987, Yapı Merkezi has founded Freysaş in partnership with Freyssinet International. Since then Freysas has realized projects featuring advanced constructing technologies such as cable stay systems, post-tensioning, heavy lifting and ground anchorage. Yapıkonut has joined the group in 1994 and accomplished projects such as Çamkonaklar, Sokullu Estates, NP12 Estates, Sisli Plaza and the Arkeon Housing Complex. In 1995, qualified Education Institutions Inc. was founded and Irmak Schools, Education Institution were opened. In 1996, the Group has introduced SUBOR Pipe Industry Inc. to manufacture high-end technology composite construction materials. Yapıray has joined the group in 1995 in order to take the advantage of the group company’s experience in the Rail systems field and considering the increasing demand for urban and intercity railway transport. Yapıray provides design, development and operation services concerning railway systems. Today Istanbul’s most of the operating rail systems are constructed by Yapı Merkezi. Dubai Metro, Ankara-Konya High Speed Railway, Casablanca Tramway, Algeria Bir Touta-Zeralda Railway, Medinah High Speed Train Station, Izmir Metro, Eskisehir Tramway, Kayseri Tramway, Taksim-Kabatas Funicular System and Antalya Tramway are examples of Yapı Merkezi’s turn-key projects. 2004 UITP (International Association for Public Transport) “Light Rail Project of the Year” award was given to Estram (Eskisehir LRTS), UITP “2010 Best Urban Integration Project of the Year” and British Light Transit Association’s “Worldwide Project of the Year” awards were given Kayseray (Kayseri Light Rail System). Both tramway systems are constructed by Yapı Merkezi as turnkey project. Yapı Merkezi Yapı Merkezi Holding A.Ş. is a group company whose field of activity is mainly in construction industry. It is founded in 1965 by Ersin Arioglu and Koksal Anadol in Istanbul. As the first and largest company of the Yapı Merkezi Group, Yapı Merkezi Construction and Industry has realized the design and construction of a wide variety of buildings, rail systems and heavy construction projects. Since 1980, the company has also realized contracts in countries such as Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Morocco, United Arab Emirates, Sudan and Ethiopia. Yapı Merkezi web site is awarded for"
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"Ariarathes V of Cappadocia Ariarathes V Eusebes Philopator (, Ariaráthēs Eusebḗs Philopátōr; reigned 163–130 BC) was a son of the preceding king Ariarathes IV of Cappadocia and queen Antiochis. He was distinguished by his contemporaries for his excellence of his character and his cultivation of philosophy and the liberal arts and is considered by some historians to have been the greatest of the kings of Cappadocia. Ariarathes V was the son of Ariarathes IV of Cappadocia, and a Greek mother, Antiochis, who was the daughter of the Seleucid King Antiochus III. According to Livy, he was educated in Rome; but this account may perhaps refer to another Ariarathes. Rather, Ariarathes Eusebes probably spent his youth studying in Athens, where he seems to have become a friend of the future king of Pergamon, Attalus II Philadelphus. In consequence of rejecting, at the wish of the Romans, a marriage with Laodice V, the sister of Demetrius I Soter, the latter made war upon Ariarathes, and brought forward Orophernes of Cappadocia, his brother and one of the supposed sons of the late king, as a claimant of the throne. Ariarathes was deprived of his kingdom, and fled to Rome in around 158 BC. He was restored to his throne by the Romans, who, however, allowed Orophernes to reign jointly with him, as is expressly stated by Appian, and implied by Polybius. The joint government, however, did not last long; for, shortly afterwards, Ariarathes was named as sole king. In 154, Ariarathes assisted the king of Pergamon, Attalus II, in his war against Prusias II of Bithynia, and sent his son Demetrius in command of his forces. Ariarathes was killed in 130, during the war of the Romans against Aristonicus of Pergamon. In return for the assistance and support Ariarathes has provided to the Romans on that occasion, Lycaonia and Cilicia were added by the Romans to the dominions of his family. By Ariarathes' wife Nysa of Cappadocia (who was the daughter of King Pharnaces I of Pontus) he had six children. However, all bar one of the children were killed by their mother, so that she might obtain the government of the kingdom. After she had been put to death by the people on account of her cruelty, her only surviving son succeeded to the crown as Ariarathes VI of Cappadocia. Ariarathes was a strong philhellene; he was honoured with Athenian citizenship. He refounded the two Cappadocian towns of Mazaca and Tyana with the Greek name of Eusebia. He was generous in his donations to Athens and its institutions; an inscription remains by an association of professional actors which thanks him and his wife for his patronage. He corresponded with the Greek philosopher Carneades, as Diogenes Laertius attests. Ariarathes V of Cappadocia Ariarathes V Eusebes Philopator (, Ariaráthēs Eusebḗs Philopátōr; reigned 163–130 BC) was a son of the preceding king Ariarathes IV of Cappadocia and queen Antiochis. He was distinguished by his contemporaries for his excellence of his character and his cultivation of"
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"Logical framework approach The Logical Framework Approach (LFA) is a methodology mainly used for designing, monitoring, and evaluating international development projects. Variations of this tool are known as Goal Oriented Project Planning (GOPP) or Objectives Oriented Project Planning (OOPP). The Logical Framework Approach was developed in 1969 for the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). It is based on a worldwide study by Leon J. Rosenberg, a principal of Fry Consultants Inc. In 1970 and 1971, USAID implemented the method in 30 country assistance programs under the guidance of Practical Concepts Incorporated, founded by Rosenberg. It has been widely used by multilateral donor organizations, such as AECID, GIZ, SIDA, NORAD, DFID, SDC, UNDP, EC and the Inter-American Development Bank. Some non-governmental organizations offer LFA training to ground-level field staff. It has also gained popularity in the private sector, for example, in health care. The Logical Framework Approach takes the form of a four-by-four project table. The rows represent types of events that take place as a project is implemented: \"Activities\", \"Outputs\", \"Purpose\" and \"Goal\" (from bottom to top on the left hand side — see EC web site under external links). The columns represent types of information about the events: a \"Narrative\" description, \"Objectively Verifiable Indicators\" (OVIs) of these events taking place, \"Means of Verification\" (MoV) where information will be available on the OVIs, and \"Assumptions\". Assumptions are external factors that could have an influence, whether positive or negative, on the events described in the narrative column. The list of assumptions should include the factors that may impact the project's success but cannot be directly controlled by the project or program managers. In some cases, these include what could be \"killer assumptions\", which if invalid will have major negative consequences for the project. A good project design should be able to substantiate its assumptions, especially those with a high potential to have a negative impact. The core of the Logical Framework is the \"temporal logic model\" that runs through the matrix. This takes the form of a series of connected propositions: These are viewed as a hierarchy of hypotheses, with the project or program manager sharing responsibility with higher management for the validity of hypotheses beyond the output level. Thus, Rosenberg brought the essence of scientific method to non-scientific endeavors. The \"Assumptions\" column is important in clarifying the extent to which the project or program objectives depend on external factors, and greatly clarify \"force majeure\" — of particular interest when the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) at least briefly used the LFA as the essence of contracts. The LFA is also used in other contexts, both personal and corporate. When developed within an organization, it can articulate a common interpretation of the objectives of a project and how they will be achieved. The indicators and means of verification force clarifications as one would for a scientific endeavor, as in \"you haven't defined it until you say how you will measure it.\" Tracking progress against carefully defined output indicators provides a clear basis for monitoring progress; verifying purpose and goal level progress then simplifies evaluation. Given a well constructed logical framework, an informed skeptic and a project advocate should be able to agree on exactly what the project attempts to accomplish, and how likely it is to succeed—in terms of programmatic (goal-level) as well as project (purpose-level) objective. One of its purposes in its early uses was to identify the span of control of 'project management'. In some countries with less than perfect governance and managerial systems, it became an excuse for failure. Externally sourced technical assistance managers were able to say that all activities foreseen have been implemented and all required outputs produced, but because of the sub-optimal systems in the country, which are beyond the control of the project's management, the purpose(s) have not been achieved and so the goal has not been attained. The Logical Framework Approach, Handbook for objectives-oriented planning, Fourth edition, NORAD, 1999, . Strategic Project Management Made Simple: Practical Tools for Leaders and Teams, by Terry Schmidt. (Wiley, 2009) The Logical Framework: A Manager's Guide to a Scientific Approach to Design and Evaluation, by Practical Concepts, Incorporated, 1979 Logical framework approach The Logical Framework Approach"
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"Overnite Encore: Lyrics Born Live Overnite Encore: Lyrics Born Live is the third album by Lyrics Born, a Japanese-American hip hop musician. For this album Lyrics Born is backed by a live band as he performs hits from his previous album \"Later That Day\", as well as more recent songs. The album also features three new studio-recorded songs which feature Bay area MC Mistah F.A.B., Tim \"Herb\" Alexander (of the Bay area progressive band, Primus), Del The Funky Homosapien and fellow Quannum artist, Pigeon John. \"Overnite Encore: Lyrics Born Live!\" is the first live album released by Lyrics Born's own Quannum Projects. It received rave reviews and has been called one of the best live hip-hop records ever recorded. The album was recorded in Sydney and Melbourne, Australia in 2005. Overnite Encore: Lyrics Born Live Overnite Encore: Lyrics Born Live is the third album by Lyrics Born, a Japanese-American hip hop musician. For this album Lyrics Born is backed by a live band as he performs hits from his previous album \"Later That Day\", as well as more recent songs. The album also features three new studio-recorded songs which feature Bay area MC Mistah F.A.B., Tim \"Herb\" Alexander (of the"
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"Peadar Doyle Peadar S. Doyle (died 4 August 1956) was an Irish politician. An engineer by profession, his son Seán was killed by British forces at Kilmashogue in the Dublin Mountains on Sunday, 19 September 1920. Doyle was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Cumann na nGaedheal Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin South constituency at the 1923 general election. He was re-elected at each subsequent general election until his death in 1956. From 1937 onwards, he was re-elected as a Fine Gael TD and from 1948 he was elected for the Dublin South-West constituency. He served as Lord Mayor of Dublin from 1941–43 and from 1945–46. He was the first Fine Gael Lord Mayor. Peadar Doyle Peadar S. Doyle (died 4 August 1956) was an Irish politician. An engineer by profession, his son Seán was killed by British forces at Kilmashogue in the Dublin Mountains on Sunday, 19 September 1920. Doyle was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Cumann na nGaedheal Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin South constituency at the 1923 general election. He was re-elected at each subsequent general election until his death in 1956. From 1937 onwards, he was re-elected as a Fine Gael"
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"1972–73 ABA season The 1972–73 ABA season was the sixth season of the American Basketball Association. The Pittsburgh Condors and The Floridians had folded, leaving the league with nine teams. However, the ABA decided to (for the first and only time) award an expansion franchise to Dr. Leonard Bloom (President and CEO of the United States Capital Corporation) for $1 million to play in San Diego, California, named the San Diego Conquistadors (however due to a feud they did not play in San Diego Sports Arena, instead playing at Peterson Gym). Subsequently, this meant that the Memphis Tams (formerly the Memphis Pros) would move to the Eastern Division. Once again, the best regular season team did not win the ABA Finals, with the Indiana Pacers (who had the 4th best record), winning the championship, led by playoff MVP George McGinnis. 1972–73 ABA season The 1972–73 ABA season was the sixth season of the American Basketball Association. The Pittsburgh Condors and The Floridians had folded, leaving the league with nine teams. However, the ABA decided to (for the first and only time) award an expansion franchise to Dr. Leonard Bloom (President and CEO of the United States Capital Corporation) for $1"
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"Huang Ming (entrepreneur) Huang Ming (; born 1958) is a Chinese solar energy researcher and entrepreneur. He established the solar water heater manufacturing company Himin Solar, which was central in the development of the Solar Valley in the city of Dezhou. He was a deputy to the 10th and the 11th National People's Congress. He drafted the Law on Renewable Energy and united other representatives in support of it. As a politician he has played a central role in developing renewable energy in China, including the passing of the Renewable Energy Act in 2005. The Renewable Energy Act was passed in 2005 and took effect in 2006, a substantial achievement that echoed globally. According to Hurun Report's China Rich List 2013, he has an estimated fortune of $330 million USD, and was ranked 945th richest person in China. Huang Ming was awarded the Right Livelihood Honorary Award in 2011. He owns over 600 patents. Huang Ming (entrepreneur) Huang Ming (; born 1958) is a Chinese solar energy researcher and entrepreneur. He established the solar water heater manufacturing company Himin Solar, which was central in the development of the Solar Valley in the city of Dezhou. He was a deputy to"
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"The CAG is ranked 9th and enjoys the same status as a judge of Supreme Court of India in Indian order of precedence. The current CAG of India is Rajiv Mehrishi, who assumed office on 25 September 2017. He is the 13th CAG of India. \n Revenue loss calculation was further established on 3 August 2012 when according to the directions of the Supreme Court, Govt of India revised the reserve price for 2G spectrum to ₹ 140 billion (US$2.1 billion) \n Salary of CAG Date | Salary \n---|--- \n1 January 2006 | ₹ 90,000 (US$1,400) \n As per the provisions of the constitution, the CAG's (DPC) (Duties, Powers and Conditions of Service) Act, 1971 was enacted. As per the various provisions, the duties of the CAG include the audit of:\n The CAG can be removed only on an address from both house of parliament on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity. The CAG vacates the office on attaining the age of 65 years age even without completing the 6 years term by impeachment also. \n A CAG report on issue of Licences and Allocation of 2G Spectrum resulted in a huge controversy. The report estimated that there was a presumptive loss of ₹ 1,766 billion (US$27 billion) by the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government. In a chargesheet filed on 2 April 2011 by the investigating agency Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), the agency pegged the loss at ₹ 310 billion (US$4.7 billion) \n India \n--- \nThis article is part of a series on the politics and government of India \nConstitution & Law (show) \n\n * Constitutional amendment \n * Basic structure doctrine \n * Fundamental rights \n * Human rights \n\n\n * Uniform civil code \n * Indian Penal Code \n * Law enforcement \n\n \nUnion Government (show) \n\n * President of India \n * Vice-President of India \n\n\n\nExecutive:\n\n * Prime Minister \n * Union Council of Ministers \n * Cabinet Secretary \n * Secretaries:(Defence Finance Foreign Home) \n * Civil services \n * All India Services (IAS IFS/IFoS IPS) \n\n\n\nParliament:\n\n * Rajya Sabha (Chairman) \n * Lok Sabha (Speaker) \n\n\n\nJudiciary:\n\n * Supreme Court (Chief Justice) \n * High courts \n * District Courts \n\n \nElections (show) Election Commission:\n\n * Chief Election Commissioner (Election commissioners) \n\n \n * General elections:2009 \n * 2014 \n * 2019 \n \n * State elections:2017 \n * 2018 \n * 2019 \n\n\n\nPolitical parties \n\n * National parties \n * State parties \n\n\n\nNational coalitions:\n\n * National Democratic Alliance (NDA) \n * United Progressive Alliance (UPA) \n\n \nFederalism (show) \n\n * Administrative divisions \n\n\n\nState governments \n\n * Governor \n * Chief minister \n * Chief secretary (Principal secretaries) \n\n\n\nLegislatures:\n\n * Vidhan Sabha \n * Vidhan Parishad \n\n\n\nLocal governments:\n\n * Divisional commissioners \n * District magistrates \n * Sub-divisional magistrates \n\n\n\nRural bodies:\n\n * District councils \n * Block panchayats \n * Gram Panchayats \n\n\n\nUrban bodies:\n\n * Municipal corporations \n * Municipal councils \n * Nagar panchayats \n\n \n \n * Other countries \n * Atlas \n\n \n \n * * * \n\n rvice ) Act, 1971 ``. His salary is same as that of judge of the Supreme court of India. Neither leave of absence, pension or age of retirement can be varied to his disadvantage after his appointment. The CAG is not eligible for further office either under the Government of India or under the Government of any State after he has ceased to hold his office. These provisions are in order to ensure the independence of CAG. \n In June 2012, Lal Krishna Advani a veteran Indian politician and former Deputy Prime Minister of India (as well as former Leader of the Opposition in Indian Parliament) suggested that CAG's appointment should be made by a bipartisan collegium consisting of the prime minister, the Chief Justice of India, the Law Minister and the Leaders of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. Subsequently, M Karunanidhi, the head of Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) party and five times Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu supported the suggestion. Advani made this demand to remove any impression of bias or lack of transparency and fairness because, according to him, the current system was open to \"manipulation and partisanship\". Similar demand was made by many former CEC's such as BB Tandon, N Gopalaswamy and SY Quraishi, however the government did not seem too keen. \n The scandal was first exposed due to the CAG report in the matter in December 1995. The report alleged of fraudulent withdrawal of government funds worth ₹ 9.5 billion (US$150 million) in the Bihar animal husbandry department against non-existent supplies of fodder and medicines. Subsequently, based on Patna High Court's orders, CBI investigated the case and registered as many as 63 cases. Many accused have been convicted while many cases are still under trial. \n Mr Omkar Goswami is an Indian who is presently one of the External Auditors of the UN organisation World Food Programme (WFP) headquartered at Rome, Italy. \n * Receipts and expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India and of the State and Union Territory having legislative assembly. \n * Trading, manufacturing, profit and loss accounts and balance sheets, and other subsidiary accounts kept in any Government department; Accounts of stores and stock kept in Government offices or departments. \n * Government companies as per the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013. \n * Corporations established by or under laws made by Parliament in accordance with the provisions of the respective legislation. \n * Authorities and bodies substantially financed from the Consolidated Funds of the Union and State Governments. Anybody or authority even though not substantially financed from the Consolidated Fund, the audit of which may be entrusted to the C&AG;. \n * Grants and loans given by Government to bodies and authorities for specific purposes. \n * Entrusted audits e.g. those of Panchayati Raj Institutions and Urban Local Bodies under Technical Guidance & Support (TGS).",
"All the speculations of profit, loss and no-loss were put to rest on 2 February 2012 when the Supreme Court of India on a public interest litigation (PIL) declared allotment of spectrum as \"unconstitutional and arbitrary\" and quashed all the 122 licenses issued in 2008 during tenure of A. Raja (then minister for communications & IT in the UPA government) the main accused. The court further said that A. Raja \"wanted to favour some companies at the cost of the public exchequer\" and \"virtually gifted away important national asset\". \n The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India is an authority, established by the Constitution under Constitution of India/Part V-Chapter V/Sub-part 7B/Article 148, which audits all receipts and expenditure of the Government of India and the state governments, including those of bodies and authorities substantially financed by the government. The CAG is also the external auditor of Government-owned corporations and conducts supplementary audit of government companies, i.e., any non-banking/non-insurance company in which Union Government has an equity share of at least 51 per cent or subsidiary companies of existing government companies. The reports of the CAG are taken into consideration by the Public Accounts Committees (PACs) and Committees on Public Undertakings (COPUs), which are special committees in the Parliament of India and the state legislatures. The CAG is also the head of the Indian Audit and Accounts Department, the affairs of which are managed by officers of Indian Audit and Accounts Service, and has over 58,000 employees across the country. \n No. | Comptroller and Auditor General of India | Year tenure began | Year tenure ended \n---|---|---|--- \n| V. Narahari Rao | 1949 | 1954 \n| A.K. Chanda | 1954 | 1960 \n| A.K. Roy | 1960 | 1966 \n| S. Ranganathan | 1966 | 1972 \n5 | A. Bakshi | 1972 | 1978 \n6 | Gian Prakash | 1978 | 1984 \n7 | T.N. Chaturvedi | 1984 | 1990 \n8 | C.G. Somiah | 1990 | \n9 | V.K. Shunglu | | 2002 \n10 | VN Kaul | 2002 | 2008 \n11 | Vinod Rai | 2008 | 2013 \n12 | Shashi Kant Sharma | 2013 | 2017 \n13 | Rajiv Mehrishi | 2017 | Incumbent (6 years or 65 years of age, whichever is earlier) \n The CAG is mentioned in the Constitution of India under Article 148–151. \n Comptroller and Auditor General of India \n--- \nLogo of Comptroller and Auditor General of India \nIncumbent Rajiv Mehrishi, IAS since 25 September 2017 \nNominator | Prime Minister of India \nAppointer | President of India \nTerm length | 6 yrs or up to 65 yrs of age (whichever is earlier) \nInaugural holder | V. Narahari Rao \nDeputy | Deputy Comptrollers and Auditors General of India \nSalary | ₹ 90,000 (US$1,400) per month \nWebsite | Official Website \n CPI MP Gurudas Dasgupta wrote a letter to the PM and demand CAG has appointed by the collegium of consisting the PM, the CJI and the leader of the opposition in Lok Sabha but the PM declined. Former CAG V.K. Shunglu has suggested in its CWG scam report that CAG be made a multi-member body. \n Audit of government accounts (including the accounts of the state governments) in India is entrusted to the CAG of India who is empowered to audit all expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of the union or state governments, whether incurred within India or outside, all revenue into the Consolidated Funds and all transactions relating to the Public Accounts and the Contingency Funds of the Union and the states. Specifically, audits include:\n * World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), \n * United Nations Secretariat (Volume 1), \n * United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), \n * United Nations Escrow (Iraq) Account, \n * United Nations Joint Staff Pension Fund (UNJSPF), \n * Strategic Heritage Plan (SHP), \n * United Nations Compensation Commission (UNCC), \n * International Trade Centre (ITC)-Capital Master Plan (CMP), \n * United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS), \n * Information Communication Technology (OICT), \n * Umoja. \n\n\n Following are some of the most debated CAG reports:\n * Transactions relating to debt, deposits, remittances, Trading, and manufacturing \n * Profit and loss accounts and balance sheets kept under the order of the President or Governors \n * Receipts and stock accounts. CAG also audits the books of accounts of the government companies as per Companies Act.",
"Following are some of the most debated CAG reports:\n * Transactions relating to debt, deposits, remittances, Trading, and manufacturing \n * Profit and loss accounts and balance sheets kept under the order of the President or Governors \n * Receipts and stock accounts. CAG also audits the books of accounts of the government companies as per Companies Act. \n\n\n In November 2009, the CAG requested the government to amend the 1971 Audit Act to bring all private-public partnerships (PPPs), Panchayti Raj Institutions and societies getting government funds within the ambit of the CAG. The amendment further proposes to enhance CAG's powers to access information under the Audit Act. In the past, almost 30% of the documents demanded by CAG officials have been denied to them. The PPP model has become a favourite mode of executing big infrastructure projects worth millions of rupees and these projects may or may not come under the audit purview of the CAG, depending on sources of funds and the nature of revenue sharing agreements between the government and the private entities. Currently, it is estimated that 65 percent of government spending does not come under the scrutiny of the CAG. \n The Constitution of India (Article 148) provides for an independent office to the CAG of India. He or she is the head of Indian Audit and Accounts Department. He/She has a duty to uphold the Constitution of India and laws of the Parliament to safeguard the interests of the public exchequer. The Indian Audit and Accounts Service aids the CAG in the discharge of his/her functions. \n However, the special court in New Delhi acquitted all accused in the 2G spectrum case including prime accused A Raja and Kanimozhi on December 21, 2017, the verdict was based on the fact that CBI could not find any evidence against the accused in those 7 years. Per the judgement, \"Some people created a scam by artfully arranging a few selected facts and exaggerating things beyond recognition to astronomical levels.\" \n CAG has been elected the Chairman of the United Nations' Board of Auditors. CAG has been appointed as external auditor of eleven UN organisations:\n PMO minister V. Narayanasamy in his interview with PTI said Government is considering the Shunglu panel report but PM and Finance Minister declined it. Later V. Narayanasamy said he misquoted but PTI reaffirmed it. \n While the initial CAG report suggested that coal blocks could have been allocated more efficiently, resulting in more revenue to the government, at no point did it suggest that corruption was involved in the allocation of coal. Over the course of 2012, however, the question of corruption came to dominate the discussion. In response to a complaint by the BJP, the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) directed the CBI to investigate the matter. The CBI named a dozen Indian firms in a First Information Report (FIR), the first step in a criminal investigation. These FIRs accuse them of overstating their net worth, failing to disclose prior coal allocations, and hoarding rather than developing coal allocations. The CBI officials investigating the case have speculated that bribery may be involved. \n \"I, A.B., having appointed Comptroller and Auditor-General of India do swear in the name of God/solemnly affirm that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of India as by law established, that I will uphold the sovereignty and integrity of India, that I will duly and faithfully and to the best of my ability, knowledge and judgement perform the duties of my office without fear or favour, affection or ill-will and that I will uphold the Constitution and the laws. \n In addition, the CAG also executes performance and compliance audits of various functions and departments of the government. Recently, the CAG as a part of thematic review on \"Introduction of New Trains\" is deputing an auditors' team on selected trains, originating and terminating at Sealdah and Howrah stations, to assess the necessity of their introduction. In a path-breaking judgement, the Supreme Court of India ruled that the CAG General could audit private firms in revenue-share deals with government. \n The Comptroller and Auditor-General of India is appointed by the President of India following a recommendation by the Prime Minister. On appointment, he/she has to make an oath or affirmation before the President of India. \n The oil ministry imposed a fine of ₹ 7000 crores on Mukesh Ambani's company for the sharp drop in production of gas and violations mentioned in CAG's 2011 report. Oil ministry did not approve company's US$7.2 billion stake in deal with BP. So Jaipal Reddy known for his honesty was shifted from oil ministry to the Science and Technology ministry owing to pressure from Reliance group of Industries. RIL allowed the CAG to begin the audit in April this year after stalling it for a year. But unresolved issues could stall audit of KG Basin again. Then Reliance appointed Defence Secretary Shashikant Sharma as new CAG to audit KG Basin, said Prashant Bhushan. In KG D-6, most of the cost had been recovered by the private player and the increase in price would only go as profit. About 90% of receipts from K-G D-6 were so far booked as expenditure and in the remaining 10% , only 1% was paid to the government and rest 9% went to the operator as profit. \n Recently the CAG under Vinod Rai has constantly been in the limelight for its reports exposing mega corruption, particularly in 2G spectrum case, Commonwealth Games scam and other scams. \n A 2012 CAG report on Coal Mine Allocation received massive media and political reaction as well as public outrage. During the 2012 monsoon session of the Parliament, the BJP protested the Government's handling of the issue demanding the resignation of the prime minister and refused to have a debate in the Parliament. The deadlock resulted in Parliament functioning only seven of the twenty days of the session. \n The CAG report criticised the Government by saying it had the authority to allocate coal blocks by a process of competitive bidding, but chose not to. As a result, both public sector enterprises (PSEs) and private firms paid less than they might have otherwise. In its draft report in March, the CAG estimated that the \"windfall gain\" to the allocatees was ₹ 10,673 billion (US$160 billion). The CAG Final Report tabled in Parliament put the figure at ₹ 1,856 billion (US$28 billion) \n \\-- Observation of a bench of Supreme Court of India while dismissing a petition challenging CAG reports on 2G spectrum, Coal Blocks Allotment, etc."
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"Robert Bentley Todd Robert Bentley Todd (9 April 1809 – 30 January 1860) was an Irish-born physician who is best known for describing the condition postictal paralysis in his Lumleian Lectures in 1849 now known as Todd's palsy. He was the younger brother of noted writer and minister James Henthorn Todd. The son of physician Charles Hawkes Todd (1784–1826) and Eliza Bentley (1783–?), Robert was born in Dublin, Ireland, 9 April 1809. He attended day school and was tutored by the Rev. William Higgin (1793–1867), who later became bishop of the Diocese of Derry and Raphoe. Todd entered Trinity College, Dublin in 1825, intending to study for the bar. When his father died the next year, he switched to medicine and became a resident pupil at a hospital in Dublin. He was a student of Robert Graves, and graduated B.A. at Trinity in 1829. He became licensed at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland two years later. He then moved to London, where he practised medicine and lectured. He received a M.S. at Pembroke College, Oxford in 1832, a B.M. the following year, and a D.M. in 1836. He travelled widely in Europe, lecturing and becoming acquainted with a number of eminent men in his field. He took the license of the Royal College of Physicians in 1833, became a Fellow in 1837, and a Censor in 1839–1840. He was made a Fellow of the Royal Society and served on the council in 1838–1839. In 1836–1837 he served on a sub-committee of the British Association to inquire into the motions of the heart, and in 1839–1840 was Examiner for the University of London. In 1844 he was elected Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons. Todd's abiding interests were in physiological medicine (a field then in its infancy) and in the improvement of hospital nursing, and always held to a high standard of general and religious knowledge. He became a Professor at King's College London in 1836 and was prominent in the opening of King's College Hospital in 1840, and in the founding of its new building in 1851. It was largely through his advocacy that the Sisters of St. John's commenced nursing at King's College Hospital. Todd's increasing practice forced him to resign his professorship in 1853, and in the final years of his life his practice grew enormously. In failing health, he was finally forced to give up his clinical lectures at the hospital that he had helped found. Robert Bentley Todd died in his consulting rooms at his home located at 26 Brook Street, Grosvenor Square, Westminster, on 30 January 1860. He was buried at All Souls, Kensal Green, 4 February 1860. At Hassel by Hull, Yorkshire, Robert married Elizabeth Mary née Hart (1814–?) 20 December 1836. The younger sister of Capt. John Hart M.P. (1808–1873) [Australian Dictionary of Biography], Elizabeth was baptised at St. John's, Hackney, the daughter of journalist John Harriot Hart and Mary née Glanville on 23 June 1814. In one of the most sensational cases of its day, John Herriot Hart co-owner The Whig Independent newspaper was imprisoned in Gloucester Goal for liable [Annual Register vol 72 p. 74], before being transported to Tenerife. It is presumed that he died on the return voyage to England. The children of Robert Bentley Todd & Elizabeth née Hart; were Elizabeth Marion Todd (1841–1917) baptised at St. Margaret's, Westminster, 23 June 1841, died at 2 Connaught Square, 8 July 1917, Alice Margaret (b. 1843), Bertha Johnson born 1846, College Principal and James Henthorn Todd (1848–1891) baptised at St. Martin in the Fields 23 November 1847, who died near Bombay, India, 14 August 1891. A statue of Todd was erected in the great hall of King's College Hospital. Todd was the first to lay down definite principles for the treatment of serious cases of fever. In his Lumleian lectures he discussed the nature and treatment of various forms of delirium, and showed the significant role that exhaustion played in patient deterioration, and how bleeding and lowering remedies contributed to deterioration, while supporting treatment was followed by relief. Todd was a prolific contributor to medical publications, including \"The Cyclopaedia of Anatomy and Physiology\". He immediately integrated newly available technology, particularly the microscope, into the study and practice of medicine, and was a driving force in raising the standards of medical knowledge. Todd is remembered for his prescription of a hot drink of brandy, canella (white cinnamon), sugar syrup and water. This is called a \"Hot toddy\". Among Todd's publications were Robert Bentley Todd Robert Bentley Todd (9 April 1809 – 30 January 1860) was an Irish-born physician who is best known for describing the condition postictal paralysis in his Lumleian Lectures in 1849 now known as Todd's palsy. He was the younger brother of noted writer and"
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"Fish aggregating device A fish aggregating (or aggregation) device (FAD) is a man-made object used to attract ocean going pelagic fish such as marlin, tuna and mahi-mahi (dolphin fish). They usually consist of buoys or floats tethered to the ocean floor with concrete blocks. FADs attract fish for numerous reasons that vary by species. Fish tend to move around FADs in varying orbits, rather than remaining stationary below the buoys. Both recreational and commercial fisheries use FADs. Before FADs, commercial tuna fishing used purse seining to target surface-visible aggregations of birds and dolphins, which were a reliable signal of the presence of tuna schools below. The demand for dolphin-safe tuna was a driving force for FADs. Fish are fascinated with floating objects. They use them to mark locations for mating activities. They aggregate in considerable numbers around objects such as drifting flotsam, rafts, jellyfish and floating seaweed. The objects appear to provide a \"visual stimulus in an optical void\", and offer refuge for juvenile fish from predators. The gathering of juvenile fish, in turn, attracts larger predator fish. A study using sonar in French Polynesia, found large shoals of juvenile bigeye tuna and yellowfin tuna aggregated closest to the devices, 10 to 50m. Further out, 50 to 150m, was a less dense group of larger yellowfin and albacore tuna. Yet further out, to 500m, was a dispersed group of various large adult tuna. The distribution and density of these groups was variable and overlapped. The FADs were also used by other fish, and the aggregations dispersed when it was dark. Drifting FADs are not tethered to the bottom and can be man made, or natural objects such as logs or driftwood. Moored FADs occupy a fixed location and attach to the sea bottom using a weight such as a concrete block. A rope made of floating synthetics such as polypropylene attaches to the mooring and in turn attaches to a buoy. The buoy can float at the surface (lasting 3–4 years) or lie subsurface to avoid detection and surface hazards such as weather and ship traffic. Subsurface FADs last longer (5–6 years) due to less wear and tear, but can be harder to locate. In some cases the upper section of rope is made from heavier-than-water metal chain so that if the buoy detaches from the rope, the rope sinks and thereby avoids damage to passing ships who no longer use the buoy to avoid getting tangled in the rope. \"Smart\" FADs include sonar and GPS capabilities so that the operator can remotely contact it via satellite to determine the population under the FAD. Drifting FADs are widespread in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian ocean purse seine fisheries. They catch over 1 million tons of tuna (nearly one-third of the global tuna total) and over 100,000 tons of by-catch in the vicinity of FADs as of 2005. Skipjack \"Katsuwonus pelamis\", Bigeye tuna \"Thunnus obesus\" and yellowfin \"Thunnus albacares\" tuna are the three primary tropical tuna species that FADs target. Other fish include albacore, dolphin fish, wahoo, blue marlin, striped marlin, mako shark, silky shark, whitetip shark, galapagos shark, mackerel, and bonito. Before FADs, pelagic purse seiners targeted free-swimming schools of tuna. Increasing FAD use over the past 30 years has increased the productivity of the fishing fleet, but has significant side-effects. The average FAD-caught fish is smaller and comes with relatively large bycatch raising concern about declining populations of several species of pelagic sharks. The U.S. state of Hawaii operates 55 surface FADs around its islands to support sport fishing and marine research. Fish aggregating device A fish aggregating (or"
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"Marion Delorme Marion Delorme (3 October 1613 – 2 July 1650) was a French courtesan known for her relationships with the important men of her time. She was the daughter of Jean de Lou, sieur de l'Orme, president of the treasurers of France in Champagne, and of Marie Chastelain. She was born in a wealthy family at her father's château near Champaubert. Initiated into the philosophy of physical pleasures by the epicurean and atheist Jacques Vallée, Sieur Des Barreaux, she soon left him for Cinq Mars, at that time at the height of his popularity, and succeeded, it is said, in marrying him in secret. She began hosting a \"salon\", and was introduced into the life of being a courtesan. From this time Marion Delorme's \"salon\" became one of the most brilliant centres of elegant Parisian society. After the execution of Cinq Mars she is said to have numbered among her lovers and benefactors Charles de Saint-Évremond (1610-1703) the wit and littrateur, George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé (called The Great Condé), and even Cardinal Richelieu. Under the Fronde her \"salon\" became a meeting place for the disaffected, and Mazarin is said to have sent officials to arrest her when she suddenly died. The cause of her death, and whether she actually did die then, or rather later, is still debated. Her last years have been adorned with considerable legend (cf. Eugène de Mirecourt, \"Confessions de Marie Delorme\", Paris, 1856). It seems established that she died in 1650. But she was believed to have lived until 1706 or even 1741, after having had the most fantastic adventures, including marriage with an English lord, and an old age spent in poverty in Paris. Her name has been popularized by various authors, especially by Alfred de Vigny in his novel \"Cinq Mars\", by Victor Hugo in the drama \"Marion Delorme\", and by Amilcare Ponchielli and Giovanni Bottesini in two operas of the same title. Marion Delorme Marion Delorme (3 October 1613 – 2 July 1650) was a French courtesan known for her relationships with the important men of her time. She was the daughter of Jean de Lou, sieur de l'Orme, president of the treasurers of France in Champagne, and of Marie Chastelain. She was born in a wealthy family at her father's château near Champaubert. Initiated into the philosophy of physical pleasures by the"
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"Euglenozoa The euglenozoa are a large group of flagellate excavates. They include a variety of common free-living species, as well as a few important parasites, some of which infect humans. There are two main subgroups, the euglenids and kinetoplastids. Euglenozoa are unicellular, mostly around 15-40 µm in size, although some euglenids get up to 500 µm long. Most euglenozoa have two flagella, which are inserted parallel to one another in an apical or subapical pocket. In some these are associated with a cytostome or mouth, used to ingest bacteria or other small organisms. This is supported by one of three sets of microtubules that arise from the flagellar bases; the other two support the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the cell. Some other euglenozoa feed through absorption, and many euglenids possess chloroplasts and so obtain energy through photosynthesis. These chloroplasts are surrounded by three membranes and contain chlorophylls \"A\" and \"B\", along with other pigments, so are probably derived from a captured green alga. Reproduction occurs exclusively through cell division. During mitosis, the nuclear membrane remains intact, and the spindle microtubules form inside of it. The group is characterized by the ultrastructure of the flagella. In addition to the normal supporting microtubules or axoneme, each contains a rod (called \"paraxonemal\"), which has a tubular structure in one flagellum and a latticed structure in the other. Based on this, two smaller groups have been included here: the diplonemids and \"Postgaardi\". The euglenozoa are generally accepted as monophyletic. They are related to Percolozoa; the two share mitochondria with disk-shaped cristae, which only occurs in a few other groups. Both probably belong to a larger group of eukaryotes called the excavates. This grouping, though, has been challenged. The phylogeny based on the work of Cavalier-Smith 2016. Phylum Euglenozoa [Euglenobionta] Euglenozoa The euglenozoa are"
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"John Walwyn John Walwyn (by 1520 – 1566 or later), of Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, was an English politician. John Walwyn was the eldest son of Edmund Walwyn of Thornborough, Buckinghamshire and his wife Anne née Green, daughter of Thomas Green of Greens-Norton, Northamptonshire. Walwyn married three times. His first wife was Alice née Falkener, daughter of William Falkener of Quarrendon, Buckinghamshire. They had three sons and two daughters. His second wife was Joan née Hokeley, daughter of John Hokeley of Bromwich, Staffordshire, and they had three sons. His third wife was Joan née Cook, daughter of Robert Cook of Tandridge, Surrey, by whom he had two sons and one daughter. He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Aylesbury in November 1554. John Walwyn John Walwyn (by 1520 – 1566 or later), of Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, was an English politician. John Walwyn was the eldest son of Edmund Walwyn of Thornborough, Buckinghamshire and his wife Anne née Green, daughter of Thomas Green of Greens-Norton, Northamptonshire. Walwyn married three times. His first wife was Alice née Falkener, daughter of William Falkener of Quarrendon, Buckinghamshire. They had three sons and two daughters. His second wife was Joan née Hokeley, daughter of"
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"Chanderi District Chanderi District was a former administrative district of British India. It covered most of present-day Lalitpur District of Uttar Pradesh state and the eastern portion of Ashoknagar District of Madhya Pradesh state. Before 1811, the district was the state of Chanderi, and ruled by Bundela Rajputs descended from the kings of Orchha. Chanderi was annexed in 1811 by Maharaja Daulat Rao Sindhia of neighboring Gwalior in 1811. In 1844, the district was ceded to the British by Maharaja Jayajirao Sindhia of Gwalior, and the revenue from the district used to maintain a British force in Gwalior. Lalitpur was the administrative headquarters of the district. The district was captured by rebels during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, and was not recaptured by the British until late in 1858. The portion of the district west of the Betwa River, including the town of Chanderi, was returned to Gwalior in 1861, and the portion east of the Betwa was renamed Lalitpur District. The British district of Lalitpur (1861-1891) had an area of 5,043 km² and a population of 294,088 in 1881. The main towns were Lalitpur (pop. 10,684 in 1881 and the only municipality) and Talbahat (5,293), the capitals of the two tehsils in which the district was divided. In 1891 Lalitpur district was merged into Jhansi district. In 1974 it was reestablished as the Lalitpur District of Uttar Pradesh. Chanderi District Chanderi District was a former administrative district of British India. It covered most of present-day Lalitpur District of Uttar Pradesh state and the eastern portion of Ashoknagar District of Madhya Pradesh state. Before 1811, the district was the state of Chanderi, and ruled by Bundela Rajputs descended from the kings of Orchha. Chanderi was annexed in 1811 by Maharaja Daulat Rao Sindhia of neighboring Gwalior in 1811. In 1844,"
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"ČT24 ČT24 (Czech pronunciation: ˌtʃeteˈdvatsɛtxtɪrɪ) is the first and only 24-hour news channel in Czech language, owned and operated by Czech Television. The channel was launched on 2 May 2005. ČT24 broadcasts from Prague, Czech Republic where their headquarters is, but ČT24 also has branches and broadcasts from Brno and Ostrava. ČT24 broadcasts live over the internet, as well as over the satellites Astra 3B and Intelsat 10-02. It is also carried on Czech cable-TV providers and digital terrestrial services. High-definition (HD) broadcasting via satellite was started on 1 November 2016 using Astra 3B-capacities. ČT24 airs a short news bulletin every hour, on the hour. This channel also airs many other shows including \"90' ČT24\", \"Interview ČT24\", \"Studio 6\", \"Studio ČT24\", \"Sportovní Zprávy\", \"Branky, body, vteřiny\" and \"Událasti\". ČT24 ČT24 (Czech pronunciation: ˌtʃeteˈdvatsɛtxtɪrɪ) is the first and only 24-hour news channel in Czech language, owned and operated by Czech Television. The channel was launched on 2 May 2005. ČT24 broadcasts from Prague, Czech Republic where their headquarters is, but ČT24 also has branches and broadcasts from Brno and Ostrava. ČT24 broadcasts live over the internet, as well as over the satellites Astra 3B and Intelsat 10-02. It is also carried"
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"David Hutchins Sir David Ernest Hutchins FRGS (22 September 1850 – 11 November 1920) was a British forestry expert who worked around the British Empire. Hutchins was educated at Blundell's School and the \"École nationale des eaux et forêts\" (National School of Water Resources and Forestry) at Nancy, France. He then joined the Imperial Forestry Service in India, in which he served for ten years, then served for another 23 years in the South African Forest Service, where he recommended that a Forest Service be started in the Transvaal and that certain Mexican pine species, such as \"Pinus patula\", be cultivated. He finally served three years in the British East Africa Forest Service, from which he retired as Chief Conservator of Forests. In 1908 and 1909, he explored the forests around Mount Kenya. After his retirement, he reported on the forests of Cyprus in 1909 for the Colonial Office, toured the forests of Australia in 1914–1915 for the government of Western Australia, and in 1916 toured the forests of New Zealand to compile a report for the Dominion government. He was knighted in the 1920 New Year Honours. \"Brachylaena hutchinsii\", a species of African tree in the Asteraceae family, was named after him. David Hutchins Sir David Ernest Hutchins FRGS (22 September 1850 – 11 November 1920) was a British forestry expert who worked around the British Empire. Hutchins was educated at Blundell's School and the \"École nationale des eaux et forêts\" (National School of Water Resources and Forestry) at Nancy, France. He then joined the Imperial Forestry Service in India, in which he served for ten years, then served for another 23 years in the South African Forest Service, where he recommended that a Forest Service be started in the Transvaal and that certain Mexican pine species, such as"
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"Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection is an idea about genetic variance in population genetics developed by the statistician and evolutionary biologist Ronald Fisher. The proper way of applying the abstract mathematics of the theorem to actual biology has been a matter of some debate. It states: Or in more modern terminology: The theorem was first formulated in Fisher's 1930 book \"The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection\". Fisher likened it to the law of entropy in physics, stating that \"It is not a little instructive that so similar a law should hold the supreme position among the biological sciences\". The model of Quasi-linkage equilibrium was introduced by Motoo Kimura in 1965 as an approximation in the case of weak selection and weak epistasis. Largely as a result of Fisher's feud with the American geneticist Sewall Wright about adaptive landscapes, the theorem was widely misunderstood to mean that the average fitness of a population would always increase, even though models showed this not to be the case. In 1972, George R. Price showed that Fisher's theorem was indeed correct (and that Fisher's proof was also correct, given a typo or two), but did not find it to be of great significance. The sophistication that Price pointed out, and that had made understanding difficult, is that the theorem gives a formula for part of the change in gene frequency, and not for all of it. This is a part that can be said to be due to natural selection. More recent work (reviewed by Grafen in 2003) builds on Price's understanding in two ways. One aims to improve the theorem by completing it, i.e. by finding a formula for the whole of the change in gene frequency, and accounting for the effects of mutations. The other argues that the partial change is indeed of great conceptual significance, and aims to extend similar partial change results into more and more general population genetic models. Due to confounding factors, tests of the fundamental theorem are quite rare though Bolnick in 2007 did test this effect in a natural population. Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection is an idea about genetic variance in population genetics developed by the statistician and evolutionary biologist Ronald Fisher. The proper way of applying the abstract mathematics of the theorem to actual biology has been a matter of"
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"William Bourdon William Bourdon (born 1956), is a French lawyer of the Paris Bar Association who practices criminal law, particularly specializing in white-collar crime, communications law and human rights. He particularly specializes in defending the victims of globalization and crimes against humanity. He has been with Bourdon Simoni Voituriez since 1979. William Bourdon is the son of engineer and manufacturer Philippe Bourdon, the grandson of Pierre Bourdon, former Michelin chief engineer, and the great-grandson of manufacturer Édouard Michelin, founder of groupe Michelin. He studied at Lycée Janson-de-Sailly, then at the Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. He holds a master's degree in (Droit privé) and is a graduate of the 'Institut d'études politiques de Paris William Bourdon was Under Secretary-General (1994–1995), then Secretary-General of the Fédération internationale des droits de l'homme from 1995 to 2000. In October 2001, he founded Sherpa, whose goal is to \"defend the victims of crimes committed by economic operators.\" He is also currently the organization's president. Sherpa is housed on the premises of ; William Bourdon is a member of the Conseil d'administration (administrative council) of France Libertés and is the longtime lawyer of Danielle Mitterrand. William Bourdon was also the lawyer for Transparency International, Survie and the Fédération des Congolais de la Diaspora (FCD). He is close to associations who provide help to foreign nationals without proper papers, such as Cimade, for whom he acted as an observer in 1992. William Bourdon distinguished himself in criminal law in the 1980s, for example with the defence of prostitutes in the Jobic affair, a police commissioner accused of procuring before finally being released. He then specialized in human rights (SOS Racisme, Chinese opponents, genocide in Rwanda, Augusto Pinochet; protesters, partisans of social struggle or far left militants. In 2006, he defended Sud-PTT trade unionist Cyril Ferez who, he said, \"took a real beating from 15 or so CRS officers (riot police) for quite a while\" during a demonstration against a controversial law concerning work and education. He also defended Yildune Lévy, a close friend of Julien Coupat in the sabotage of SNCF overhead power lines, two French detainees held at Guantánamo sentenced by French justice, or the People's Mujahedin of Iran. En 2009, William Boudon defended André Barthélemy, president of \"Agir Ensemble pour les Droits de l'Homme\" before the criminal court of Bobigny for \"direct incitement of rebellion\" and \"deliberately impeding the movement of an aircraft\", for having opposed the manner in which two Congolese nationals were escorted back to the border. He defended police commandant Philippe Pichon, accused of leaking the files of two stars, D. Debbouze et Johnny Hallyday, to publicize and denounce the system's flaws. Its error rate was said to exceed 40%. In Sénégal in 2000 Bourdon filed a criminal complaint and charges of torture and crimes against humanity against Hissène Habré in the name of the FIDH. In December 2008, after the failure of complaints against Omar Bongo, Denis Sassou Nguesso, and Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, Sherpa and Transparency international filed a complaint against person or persons unknown on the conditions under which a lot of movable and fixed assets were acquired in France by these African heads of state. In March 2007, William Bourdon appealed to voters to vote for presidential election candidate Ségolène Royal in a petition published by the \"Nouvel Observateur\". In April 2009, he participated in a campaign meeting for the European elections of the Europe Écologie movement coalition (led by Daniel Cohn-Bendit) along with Eva Joly. He proclaimed: \"I want to be free of everybody. I do not want to be part of any system.\" In 2012, William Bourdon again grew closer to the Socialist Party and was part of François Hollande's campaign team. In 2014, he briefly joined the \"Nouvelle Donne\" party. In 2005 he defended, Motassim Bilal \" Hannibal \" Kadhafi, son of Colonel Mouammar Kadhafi, sentenced May 23, 2005 by the 10th Chamber of the \"Tribunal correctionnel de Paris\" to four months imprisonment, suspended, for domestic violence. On October 25, 2007, he filed a defamation complaint \"avec constitution de partie civile\" against \"Jeune Afrique\" and its editor-in-chief, François Soudan, on behalf of Moussa Koussa, head of the Libyan foreign intelligence service. The complaint was voluntarily withdrawn April 10, 2009. The \"arrêt\" of the \"\" of Paris, the investigative arm of the court of appeal, on October 20, 2000 authorized the complaint of the victims of UTA Flight 772 against Muammar Gaddafi. Considering that \"originally absolute, the immunity of heads of state has, since the end of the Second World War, had limits,\" William Bourdon declared in an interview with \"Libération\" that the arrêt might create \"confusion\", since only three crimes have universally justified lifting presidential immunity: genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes: \"Terrorism is a very subjective crime. If one reasons in this manner, Yasser Arafat could be pursued,\" observed Maître Bourdon, underlining that terrorism and narcotics trafficking were deliberately omitted when the International Criminal Court (ICC) was created. In keeping with this point, the \"parquet général\" asked the Court of Cassation to pronounce for the first time on the controversial question of the immunity of heads of state. This motion does not require suspending the current investigation. William Bourdon William Bourdon (born 1956), is a French lawyer of the Paris Bar Association who practices criminal law, particularly specializing in white-collar crime, communications law and human rights. He particularly specializes in defending the victims"
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"Grand Duchy of Moscow The Grand Duchy of Moscow, Muscovite Rus' or Grand Principality of Moscow (, Velikoye Knyazhestvo Moskovskoye, also known in English simply as Muscovy from the ) was a Rus' principality of the Late Middle Ages centered around Moscow, and the predecessor state of the Tsardom of Russia in the early modern period. The state originated with Daniel I, who inherited Moscow in 1283, eclipsing and eventually absorbing its parent duchy of Vladimir-Suzdal by the 1320s. It later annexed the Novgorod Republic in 1478 and the Grand Duchy of Tver in 1485. After the Mongol invasion of Rus', Muscovy was a tributary vassal to the Mongol-ruled Golden Horde (under the \"Tatar Yoke\") until 1480. Muscovites, Suzdalians and other inhabitans of the Rus' principality were able to maintain their Slavic, Pagan and Orthodox traditions for the most part under the Tatar Yoke. There was also strong contact and cultural exchange with the Byzantine Empire. Ivan III further consolidated the state during his 43-year reign, campaigning against his major remaining rival power, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and by 1503 he had tripled the territory of his realm, adopting the title of tsar and claiming the title of \"Ruler of all Rus'\". By his marriage to the niece of the last Byzantine emperor, he established Muscovy as the successor state of the Roman Empire, the \"Third Rome\". The emigration of the Byzantine people influenced and strengthened Moscow's identity as the heir of the Orthodox traditions. Ivan's successor Vasili III also enjoyed military success, gaining Smolensk from Lithuania in 1512, pushing Muscovy's borders to the Dniepr River. Vasili's son Ivan IV (later known as \"Ivan the Terrible\") was an infant at his father's death in 1533. He was crowned in 1547, assuming the title of tsar together with the proclamation of Tsardom of Russia (, \"Tsarstvo Russkoye\"). As with many medieval states the country had no particular \"official\" name, but rather official titles of the ruler. \"The Duke (Knyaz) of Moscow\" (Московский князь) or \"the Sovereign of Moscow\" (Московский государь) were common short titles. After the unification with the Duchy of Vladimir in the mid-14th century, the dukes of Moscow might call themselves also \"the Duke of Vladimir and Moscow\", as Vladimir was much older than Moscow and much more \"prestigious\" in the hierarchy of possessions, although the principal residence of the dukes had been always in Moscow. In rivalry with other duchies (especially the Grand Duchy of Tver) Moscow dukes also designated themselves as the \"\"Grand\" Dukes\", claiming a higher position in the hierarchy of Russian dukes. During the territorial growth and later acquisitions, the full title became rather lengthy. In routine documents and on seals, though, various short names were applied: \"the (Grand) Duke of Moscow\", \"the Sovereign of Moscow\" (Московский государь), \"the Grand Duke of all Rus'\" (Великий князь всея Руси), \"the Sovereign of all Rus'\" (Государь всея Руси), or simply \"\"the Grand Duke\" (Великий князь) or \"the Great (or Grand) Sovereign\" (Великий государь). In spite of feudalism the collective name of the Eastern Slavic land, Rus', was not forgotten, though it then became a cultural and geographical rather than political term, as there was no single political entity on the territory. Since the 14th century various Moscow dukes added \"of all Rus'\" (всея Руси) to their titles, after the title of Russian metropolitans, \"the Metropolitan of all Rus'\". Dmitry Shemyaka (died 1453) was the first Moscow duke who minted coins with the title \"the \"Sovereign\" of all Rus'\". Although initially both \"Sovereign\" and \"all Rus'\" were supposed to be rather honorific epithets, since Ivan III it transformed into the political claim over the territory of all the former Kievan Rus', a goal that the Moscow duke came closer to by the end of that century, uniting eastern Rus'. Such claims raised much opposition and hostility from its main rival, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which controlled a large (western) portion of the land of ancient Rus' and hence denied any claims and even the self-name of the eastern neighbour. Under the Polish-Lithuanian influence the country began to be called Muscovy (, Muscovy, ) in Western Europe. The first appearances of the term were in an Italian document of 1500. Initially \"Moscovia\" was the Latinized name of the city of Moscow itself, not of the state; later it acquired its wider meaning (synecdoche) and has been used alongside of the older name, Russia. The term \"Muscovy\" persisted in the West until the beginning of the 18th century and is still used in historical contexts. When the Mongols invaded the lands of Kievan Rus' in the 13th century, Moscow was an insignificant trading outpost in the principality of Vladimir-Suzdal. Although the Mongols burnt down Moscow in the winter of 1238 and pillaged it in 1293, the outpost's remote, forested location offered some security from Mongol attacks and occupation, while a number of rivers provided access to the Baltic and Black Seas and to the Caucasus region. More important to the development of the state of Moscow, however, was its rule by a series of princes who expanded its borders and turned a small principality in the Moscow River Basin into the largest state in Europe of the 16th century. The first ruler of the principality of Moscow, Daniel I (d. 1303), was the youngest son of Alexander Nevsky of Vladimir-Suzdal. He started to expand his principality by seizing Kolomna and securing the bequest of Pereslavl-Zalessky to his family. Daniel's son Yuriy (also known as Georgiy; ruled 1303-1325) controlled the entire basin of the Moskva River and expanded westward by conquering Mozhaisk. He then forged an alliance with the overlord of the Rus' principalities, Uzbeg Khan of the Golden Horde, and married the khan's sister. The Khan allowed Yuriy to claim the title of Grand Duke of Vladimir-Suzdal, a position which allowed him to interfere in the affairs of the Novgorod Republic to the north-west. Yuriy's successor, Ivan I (ruled 1325–1340), managed to retain the title of Grand Duke by cooperating closely with the Mongols and by collecting tribute and taxes from other Rus' principalities on their behalf. This relationship enabled Ivan to gain regional ascendancy, particularly over Moscow's chief rival, the northern city of Tver, which rebelled against the Horde in 1327. The uprising was subdued by the joint forces of the Grand Duchy of Suzdal, the Grand Duchy of Moscow (which competed with Tver for the title of the Grand Duke of Vladimir), and Tatars. Ivan was reputed to be the richest person in Rus', as his moniker \"Kalita\" (literally, the \"moneybag\") testifies. He used his treasures to purchase land in other principalities and to finance the construction of stone churches in the Moscow Kremlin. In 1325 the Orthodox Metropolitan Peter (died 1326) transferred his residence from Kiev to Vladimir and then to Moscow, further enhancing the prestige of the new principality. Ivan's successors continued gathering the lands of Rus' to increase the population and wealth under their rule. In the process, their interests clashed with the expanding Grand Duchy of Lithuania, whose subjects were predominantly East Slavic and Orthodox. Grand Duke Algirdas of Lithuania allied himself by marriage with Tver and undertook three expeditions against Moscow (1368, 1370, 1372) but was unable to take it. The main bone of contention between Moscow and Vilnius was the large city of Smolensk. In the 1350s, the country and the royal family were hit by the Black Death. Dmitry Ivanovich was aged nine when his parents died and the title of Grand Duke slipped into the hands of his distant relative, Dmitry of Suzdal. Surrounded by Lithuanians and Muslim nomads, the ruler of Moscow cultivated an alliance with the Rus' Orthodox Church, which experienced a resurgence in influence, due to the monastic reform of St. Sergius of Radonezh.",
"with the expanding Grand Duchy of Lithuania, whose subjects were predominantly East Slavic and Orthodox. Grand Duke Algirdas of Lithuania allied himself by marriage with Tver and undertook three expeditions against Moscow (1368, 1370, 1372) but was unable to take it. The main bone of contention between Moscow and Vilnius was the large city of Smolensk. In the 1350s, the country and the royal family were hit by the Black Death. Dmitry Ivanovich was aged nine when his parents died and the title of Grand Duke slipped into the hands of his distant relative, Dmitry of Suzdal. Surrounded by Lithuanians and Muslim nomads, the ruler of Moscow cultivated an alliance with the Rus' Orthodox Church, which experienced a resurgence in influence, due to the monastic reform of St. Sergius of Radonezh. Educated by Metropolitan Alexis, Dmitri posed as a champion of Orthodoxy and managed to unite the warring principalities of Rus' in his struggle against the Horde. He challenged the Khan's authority and defeated his commander Mamai in the epic Battle of Kulikovo (1380). However, the victory did not bring any short-term benefits; Tokhtamysh in 1382 sacked Moscow hoping to reassert his vested authority over his vassal, the Grand Prince, and his own Mongol hegemony, killing 24,000 people. Nevertheless, Dmitri became a national hero. The memory of Kulikovo Field made the Rus' population start believing in their ability to end Tatar domination and become a free people. In 1389, he passed the throne to his son Vasily I without bothering to obtain the Khan's sanction. Vasily I (1389–1425) continued the policies of his father. After the Horde was attacked by Tamerlane, he desisted from paying tribute to the Khan, but was forced to pursue a more conciliatory policy after Edigu's incursion on Moscow in 1408. Married to the only daughter of the Grand Duke Vytautas of Lithuania, he attempted to avoid open conflicts with his powerful father-in-law, even when the latter annexed Smolensk. The peaceful years of his long reign were marked by the continuing expansion to the east (annexation of Nizhny Novgorod and Suzdal, 1392) and to the north (annexation of Vologda, Veliky Ustyug, and Perm of Vychegda, 1398). Nizhny Novgorod was given by the Khan of the Golden Horde as a reward for Muscovite help against a rival. The reforms of St. Sergius triggered a cultural revival, exemplified by the icons and frescoes of the monk Andrei Rublev. Hundreds of monasteries were founded by disciples of St. Sergius in distant and inhospitable locations, including Beloozero and Solovki. Apart from their cultural function, these monasteries were major landowners that could control the economy of an adjacent region. In fact they served as outposts of Moscow influence in the neighboring principalities and republics. Another factor responsible for the expansion of the Grand Duchy of Moscow was its favorable dynastic situation, in which each sovereign was succeeded by his son, while rival principalities were plagued by dynastic strife and splintered into ever smaller polities. The only lateral branch of the House of Moscow, represented by Vladimir of Serpukhov and his descendants, was firmly anchored to the Moscow Duchy. The situation changed with the ascension of Vasily I's successor, Vasily II (r. 1425–62). Before long his uncle, Yuri of Zvenigorod, started to advance his claims to the throne and Monomakh's Cap. A bitter family conflict erupted and rocked the country during the whole reign. After Yuri's death in 1432, the claims were taken up by his sons, Vasily Kosoy and Dmitry Shemyaka, who pursued the Great Feudal War well into the 1450s. Although he was ousted from Moscow on several occasions, taken prisoner by Olug Moxammat of Kazan, and blinded in 1446, Vasily II eventually managed to triumph over his enemies and pass the throne to his son. At his urging, a native bishop was elected as Metropolitan of Moscow, which was tantamount to declaration of independence of the Russian Orthodox Church from the Patriarch of Constantinople (1448). Outward expansion of the Grand Duchy in the 14th and 15th centuries was accompanied by internal consolidation. By the 15th century, the rulers of Moscow considered the entire Rus' territory their collective property. Various semi-independent princes of Rurikid stock still claimed specific territories, but Ivan III (the Great; r. 1462–1505) forced the lesser princes to acknowledge the grand prince of Moscow and his descendants as unquestioned rulers with control over military, judicial, and foreign affairs. Moscow gained full sovereignty over a significant part of the ethnically Rus' lands by 1480, when the overlordship of the Tatar Golden Horde officially ended after its defeat in the \"Great standing on the Ugra river\". By the beginning of the 16th century virtually all those lands were united, including the Novgorod Republic (annexed in 1478) and the Grand Duchy of Tver (annexed in 1485). Through inheritance, Ivan was able to control the important Principality of Ryazan, and the princes of Rostov and Yaroslavl' subordinated themselves to him. The northwestern city of Pskov, consisting of the city and a few surrounding lands, remained independent in this period, but Ivan's son, Vasili III (r. 1505–33), later conquered it. Having consolidated the core of Russia under his rule, Ivan III became the first Moscow ruler to adopt the titles of tsar and \"\"Ruler of all Rus'\"\". Ivan competed with his powerful northwestern rival, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, for control over some of the semi-independent former principalities of Kievan Rus' in the upper Dnieper and Donets river basins. Through the defections of some princes, border skirmishes, and a long, inconclusive war with Lithuania that ended only in 1503, Ivan III was able to push westward, and the Moscow state tripled in size under his rule. The reign of the Tsars started officially with Ivan the Terrible, the first monarch to be crowned Tsar of Russia, but in practice it started with Ivan III, who completed the centralization of the state (traditionally known as \"the gathering of the Russian lands\"). The court of the Moscow princes combined ceremonies and customs inherited from Kievan Rus' with those imported from the Byzantine Empire and Golden Horde. Some traditional Russian offices, like that of tysyatsky and veche, were gradually abolished in order to consolidate power in the hands of the ruling prince. A new elaborate system of court precedence, or \"mestnichestvo\", predicated the nobleman's rank and function on the rank and function of his ancestors and other members of his family. The highest echelon of hereditary nobles was composed of boyars. They fell into three categories: Rurikid and Gediminid boyars, whose fathers and grandfathers were independent princelings, felt that they were kin to the grand prince and hence almost equal to him. During the times of dynastic troubles (such as the years of Ivan IV's minority), boyardom constituted an internal force that was a permanent threat to the throne. An early form of the monarch's conflict with the boyars was the \"oprichnina\" policy of Ivan the Terrible. During such conflicts, Ivan, Boris Godunov, and some later monarchs felt the necessity to counterbalance the boyardom by creating a new kind of nobility, based on personal devotion to the tsar and merits earned by faithful service, rather than by heredity. Later these new nobles were called \"dvoryans\" (singular: dvoryanin). The name comes from the Russian word \"dvor\", meaning \"tsar's dvor\", i.e., The Court. Hence the expression \"pozhalovat ko dvoru\", i.e., to be called to (serve) The Court. Relations between the Moscow principality and the Horde were mixed. In the first two decades of the 13th century Moscow gained support of one of the rivaling Mongol statesmen, Nogai, against the principalities that were oriented towards Sarai khans. After the restoration of unity in the Golden Horde in the early 14th century, it",
"Boris Godunov, and some later monarchs felt the necessity to counterbalance the boyardom by creating a new kind of nobility, based on personal devotion to the tsar and merits earned by faithful service, rather than by heredity. Later these new nobles were called \"dvoryans\" (singular: dvoryanin). The name comes from the Russian word \"dvor\", meaning \"tsar's dvor\", i.e., The Court. Hence the expression \"pozhalovat ko dvoru\", i.e., to be called to (serve) The Court. Relations between the Moscow principality and the Horde were mixed. In the first two decades of the 13th century Moscow gained support of one of the rivaling Mongol statesmen, Nogai, against the principalities that were oriented towards Sarai khans. After the restoration of unity in the Golden Horde in the early 14th century, it generally enjoyed the favour of khans until 1317, but lost it in 1322–1327. The following thirty years, when the relations between the two states improved, allowed Moscow to achieve a sufficient economic and political potential. Further attempts to deprive its rulers of the status of grand dukes of Vladimir were unsuccessful after the Khanate sank into internecine war and proved to be fruitless during the reign of a relavetively powerful khan such as Mamai, whereas Tokhtamysh had no other choice but to recognise the supremacy of Moscow over northern and eastern Russian lands. The traditional Mongol principle of breaking up larger concentrations of power into smaller ones resulted in a failure, and the following period is characterised by the lack of support from the Horde. Although Moscow recognized khans as the legitimate authority in the early years of the Tatar yoke, despite certain acts of resistance and disobedience, it refused to acknowledge their suzerainty in the years 1374–1380, 1396–1411, 1414–1416 and 1417–1419, even in spite of the growing might of the Golden Horde. The power of the Horde over Moscow was greatly limited in the reign of Dmitri Donskoi, who gained recognition of the Grand Duchy of Vladimir as a hereditary possession of Moscow princes: while the Horde collected tribute from his land, it could no longer have a serious impact on the internal structure of northern Russian lands. In the years of Vasily II and Ivan III, the Grand Duchy of Moscow acquired the idea of tsardom from the fallen Byzantine empire, which was incompatible with the recognition of the suzerainty of the khan, and started to declare its independence in diplomatic relations with other countries. Eventually, the country was liberated in the reign of Ivan III. The development of the modern day Russian state is traced from Kievan Rus' through Vladimir-Suzdal and the Grand Duchy of Moscow to the Tsardom of Russia, and then the Russian Empire. The Moscow Duchy drew people and wealth to the northeastern part of Kievan Rus'; established trade links to the Baltic Sea, White Sea, Caspian Sea, and to Siberia; and created a highly centralized and autocratic political system. The political traditions established in Muscovy, therefore, exerted a powerful influence on the future development of Russian society. Grand Duchy of Moscow The Grand Duchy of Moscow, Muscovite Rus' or Grand Principality of Moscow (, Velikoye Knyazhestvo Moskovskoye, also known in English simply as Muscovy from the ) was a Rus' principality of the Late Middle Ages centered around Moscow, and the predecessor state of the Tsardom of Russia in the early modern period. The state originated with Daniel I, who inherited Moscow in 1283, eclipsing and eventually absorbing its parent duchy"
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"Huacachina Huacachina is a village in southwestern Peru, built around a small oasis surrounded by sand dunes. It is in the Ica Province, about five kilometers from the city of Ica in the Ica District. The oasis features on the back of the 50 nuevo sol note introduced in 1991. Huacachina has a permanent population of around 100 although it hosts many tens of thousands of tourists each year. Huacachina is built around a small natural lake in the desert. Called the \"oasis of America,\" it is a resort for local families from the nearby city of Ica, and increasingly as an attraction for tourists drawn by the sports of sandboarding on sand dunes that stretch several hundred feet high. Other popular activities include dune buggy rides on buggies known locally as \"areneros.\" According to local legends the water and mud of the area is therapeutic. Both locals and tourists often bath in the waters or cover themselves with the mud in an attempt to cure ailments such as arthritis, rheumatism, asthma and bronchitis. Legend holds that the lagoon was created when a beautiful native princess removed her clothes to bathe, but looking into a mirror, she saw a male hunter approaching her from behind. Startled at the intrusion, she fled the area leaving behind her mirror which turned into a lake. Other versions hold that she fled, leaving the pool of water she had been bathing in to become the lagoon. The folds of her mantle, streaming behind her as she ran, became the surrounding sand dunes. The woman herself is rumoured to still live in the oasis as a mermaid.Water stopped seeping into the lake in the 1980s and this has now started to become a threat to the lagoon. Recently, private landowners near the oasis have installed wells, which has reduced the level of water in the oasis. To compensate for this water loss, and preserve the oasis as an aesthetically pleasing destination for tourists, a group of ten businessmen devised a plan to pump water from a nearby farm into the lagoon. The process of artificially pumping water into the oasis began on 2 April 2015 and since then more than 73,000 cubic metres of water has been pumped into the lagoon raising the height of the water by as much as 3 metres. It was announced in 2016 that the Peruvian scientist Marino Morikawa, who created a nanobubble system to decontaminate lake El Cascajo, will lead a project to restore the Huacachina lagoon. Scenery from Huacachina and its surroundings was used in Apple's iPhone X launch video. Huacachina Huacachina is a village in southwestern Peru, built around a small oasis surrounded by sand dunes. It is in the Ica Province, about five kilometers from the city of Ica in the Ica District. The oasis features on the back of the 50 nuevo sol note introduced in 1991. Huacachina has a permanent population of around 100 although it hosts many tens of thousands of tourists each"
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"Homayoon Kazerooni Homayoon Kazerooni is a roboticist and professor of mechanical engineering at the University of California, Berkeley. Kazerooni is the director of the Berkeley Robotics and Human Engineering Laboratory and also the Co-founder and Chief Scientist of Ekso Bionics. The Berkeley Robotics and Human Engineering Laboratory is also affectionately known as \"KAZ LAB\". Kazerooni’s work focuses on the control of human-machine systems specific to lower human extremities. After developing BLEEX, ExoHiker, and ExoClimber – three super-light, load-carrying exoskeletons – Berkeley Bionics and his team created HULC (Human Universal Load Carrier). It is the first energetically-autonomous, orthotic, lower extremity exoskeleton, providing the ability for its user to carry 200-pound weights over any sort of terrain for an extended period of time without undue effort. These exoskeletons reduce the possibility of the wearer becoming fatigued and reaching their physiological endurance limit during critical military or industrial missions. HULC technology is currently licensed to Lockheed Martin for military applications. Kazerooni is currently working on extending this technology to aid persons who have experienced a stroke, spinal cord injuries or medical conditions that obligate them to use a wheelchair. In 2011, the Berkeley Robotics and Human Engineering Laboratory enabled Austin Whitney, a paraplegic student at the University of California, Berkeley, to walk for commencement. Kazerooni has started a project to develop low-cost exoskeleton systems to enable independence for individuals with gait deficiencies called the AUSTIN Project. The Austin project is named after the first pilot for their medical exoskeleton. Prior to his research work on lower extremity exoskeletons, Kazerooni led his team to successfully develop robotics systems that enhance human upper extremity strength. The results of this work led to a new class of intelligent assist devices currently being used by workers worldwide for manipulating heavy objects in distribution centers and factories. Kazerooni has also been conducting research on human performance in coordinated haptic-visual virtual environments under several contracts from NASA. Other research interests are biomimetic design, haptics, non-linear control systems, embedded systems, networked control systems, power regeneration, monopropellant and portable energy generation methods for mobile platforms. Early in his career, Kazerooni was a recipient of the outstanding ASME Investigator Award, and has also won Discover Magazine’s Technological Innovation Award, and the McKnight-Land Grant Professorship. His research was recognized as the most innovative technology of the year in New York Times Magazine. He has served in a variety of leadership roles in the robotics community notably editor of two journals: ASME Journal of Dynamics Systems and Control and IEEE Transactions on Mechatronics. Kazerooni holds a Doctorate in mechanical engineering from MIT and has over 30 years of mechanical engineering experience. He has published more than two hundred articles, delivered over 70 plenary lectures in the U.S. and internationally, and holds seventeen pertinent patents. As a noted authority on robotics, he is frequently profiled and quoted in the media. Homayoon Kazerooni Homayoon Kazerooni is a roboticist and professor of mechanical engineering at the University of California, Berkeley. Kazerooni is the director of the Berkeley"
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"Anastasia Ilyankova Anastasia Andreyevna Ilyankova (, born 12 January 2001) is a Russian artistic gymnast. She resides in Leninsk-Kuznetsky, Russia, and is coached by S.V. Kiselev and N.V. Kiseleva. Ilyankova competed at the 2014 L'International Gymnix, where Russia won the team gold medal. She won two gold medals in uneven bars and balance beam at the 2016 European Junior Championships. Ilyankova was injured at the beginning of the 2017 season, competing only on Bars at the Russian Championships and missing a spot on the Jesolo and European Championships team. Instead, she made her debut at the Osijek World Cup, competing only on Uneven Bars and Balance Beam, winning gold and silver respectively. She later competed at the Russian Cup, winning the Bars title. Her victory in Uneven Bars earned her a place on the provisional Russian 2017 World Championships team to Montreal, Canada. It was later announced that Ilyankova had undergone a spinous process injury, causing pain in her training and that her participation at the World Championships would be dependent on whether or not she would be ready in time. Ilyankova was prepared for the competition, and traveled to Montréal with the team for the World Championships. She qualified to the uneven bars final with a score of 15.066, less that a tenth of a point behind Elena Eremina and beating teammate Angelina Melnikova for the second spot. In the final, her foot hit the bar on her Shang release, leading her to take fourth place behind Nina Derwael of Belgium, Eremina, and Fan Yilin of China. In April, Ilyankova competed at the 2018 City of Jesolo trophy event in Italy. She earned a gold medal with the Russian team, a bronze in the all-around behind USA's Ragan Smith and Emma Malabuyo, and gold on the uneven bars, ahead of Smith and teammate Angelina Melnikova. She also finished eighth on balance beam. Anastasia Ilyankova Anastasia Andreyevna Ilyankova (, born 12 January 2001) is a Russian artistic gymnast. She resides in Leninsk-Kuznetsky, Russia, and is coached by S.V. Kiselev and N.V. Kiseleva. Ilyankova competed at the 2014 L'International Gymnix, where Russia won the team gold medal. She won two gold medals in uneven bars and balance beam at the 2016 European Junior Championships. Ilyankova was injured at the beginning of the 2017 season, competing only on Bars at the Russian Championships and missing a spot on the Jesolo and European"
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"Jōmyō-ji Jōmyō-ji was founded in 1188 by priest Taikō Gyōyū 退耕行勇 (1163–1241) as a Mikkyō temple with the name Gokuraku-ji but, soon after the first Japanese Zen monastery, nearby Kenchō-ji, was founded in 1253, the temple's head priest Geppō Ryōnen changed its denomination to Rinzai and its name to the present one. The date when this happened isn't known exactly, but it's thought to lie between 1257 and 1288. Ashikaga Sadauji, father of future shōgun Ashikaga Takauji, was Jōmyō-ji's sponsor and, with his help, it quickly grew in size and importance. (The temple's name actually derives from Jōmyōjiden, Sadauji's posthumous name.) We know for example that in 1323 fifty of Jōmyō-ji priests participated at a ceremony in memory of Hōjō Sadatoki and that at the time the temple was ranked tenth for importance in Kamakura. According to the Taiheiki, at the end of his life Ashikaga Tadayoshi was imprisoned and then poisoned here. In the second half of the 14th century shōgun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu in Kyoto formally established the network of Zen temples called \"Five Mountain System\" (\"Gozan seido\" in Japanese) to help the shogunate rule the country. Jōmyō-ji was fifth of the \"Kamakura Gozan\", the five temples which presided over the system's Kantō sector, and was given facilities worthy of its status, including over 20 \"\". However, in 1438 Kamakura Kubō Ashikaga Mochiuji rebelled against Kyoto's shogunate, was defeated and was forced to kill himself to avoid capture. After his death Kamakura's decline, which had started when shōgun Ashikaga Takauji had decided to move his capital to Kyoto, accelerated further, and the Kamakura Gozan followed the city into obscurity and neglect. When poet Gyōe in the summer of 1487 visited the temple, found it invaded by grasses and moss. During the turbulent Sengoku period Jōmyō-ji, as the city in general, was to suffer a lot of violence and destruction. For the role it had in the area's history, Jōmyō-ji has been declared a National Historical Site. After the main gate (\"sanmon\") in the middle of the temple's large garden stands the Main Hall (the \"Hon-dō\", see photo above). Its structure is however not that of a typical Zen Butsuden, but rather that of an 8×6 \"hōjō\" (chief priest's living quarters) with raised floors. Destroyed by fire in 1748, it was rebuilt in 1754 using in part original Muromachi period timber salvaged from the old edifice. The main object of worship is a seated figure of Shaka Nyorai carved in wood during the Nanboku-chō period. The temple also owns a seated figure of founding priest Taikō Gyōyū (the temple's only Important Cultural Property), a statue of goddess Shō-Kannon, another of Fujiwara no Kamatari (an ancestor of the Fujiwara clan), and one of Kōjin, the god of the kitchen and cooking. The hōkyōintō in the cemetery behind the Hon-dō is said to be Ashikaga Sadauji's grave, but the attribution has been questioned by scholars because of the date it bears, sixty years after Sadauji's recorded date of death. The temple includes a recently restored tea house called where monks used to meet to have tea, but which is now open to the public. In front of the tea house lies a \"karesansui\", or Zen rock garden. On the premises there is also a restaurant and bakery owned and operated by the temple itself. Near the temple can be found the ruins of , Ashikaga Tadayoshi's family temple (he was often called ) where he was buried after he died. On the hill behind the temple lies a small shrine called which, in spite of its insignificant appearance, is of a certain historical importance both because of its age (it dates back to the seventh century) and its role in a legend related to Kamakura's name. The plaque next to the shrine explains that \"kami\" Inari gave young Fujiwara no Kamatari a sickle which would magically protect him as long as it was in his possession. In 645 A.D., having defeated Soga no Iruka, Kamatari came to the Kantō and there he dreamed of Inari, who told him: \"I gave you the sickle to protect you, but now that you have achieved your goal of defeating Iruka, you must give it back to me and to the land.\" Kamatari buried the sickle, and on the spot was erected the shrine that carries his name. According to the same legend, the name Kamakura means \"the place where Kamatari buried his sickle\". Jōmyō-ji Jōmyō-ji was founded in 1188 by priest Taikō Gyōyū 退耕行勇 (1163–1241) as a Mikkyō temple with the name Gokuraku-ji but, soon after the first Japanese Zen monastery, nearby Kenchō-ji, was founded in 1253, the temple's head priest Geppō Ryōnen changed its denomination to Rinzai and its name to the present one. The date when this happened isn't known exactly, but it's"
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"Kwame Anthony Appiah Kwame Akroma-Ampim Kusi Anthony Appiah ( ; born May 8, 1954) is a British-born Ghanaian-American philosopher, cultural theorist, and novelist whose interests include political and moral theory, the philosophy of language and mind, and African intellectual history. Appiah was the Laurance S. Rockefeller University Professor of Philosophy at Princeton University, before moving to New York University (NYU) in 2014. He currently holds an appointment at the NYU Department of Philosophy and NYU's School of Law. Appiah was born in London, England, to Peggy Cripps, a British art historian and writer of English heritage, and Joseph Emmanuel Appiah, a lawyer, diplomat, and politician from the Asante region, once part of the British Gold Coast colony but now part of Ghana. For two years (1970–72) Joe Appiah was the leader of a new opposition party that was made by the country's three opposing parties, simultaneously he was the president of the Ghana Bar Association. Between 1977 and 1978, he was Ghana's representative at the United Nations. He died in an Accra hospital in 1990. Anthony Appiah was raised in Kumasi, Ghana, and educated at Bryanston School and Clare College, Cambridge, where he earned his BA (First Class) and PhD degree in philosophy. He has three sisters: Isobel, Adwoa and Abena. As a child, he spent a good deal of time in England, staying with his grandmother Dame Isobel Cripps, widow of the English statesman Sir Stafford Cripps. Appiah's mother's family has a long political tradition: Sir Stafford was a nephew of Beatrice Webb and was Labour Chancellor of the Exchequer (1947–50) under Clement Attlee; his father, Charles Cripps, was Labour Leader of the House of Lords 1929–31 as Lord Parmoor in Ramsay MacDonald's government; Parmoor had been a Conservative MP before defecting to Labour. Through his grandmother Isobel Cripps, Appiah is a descendant of John Winthrop and the New England Winthrop family as one of his ancestors, Robert Winthrop, was a Loyalist during the American Revolutionary War and migrated to England, becoming a distinguished Vice Admiral in the British Navy. Through Isobel, he is also descended from the British pharmacist James Crossley Eno. Through Professor Appiah's father, a Nana of the Ashanti people, he is a direct descendant of Osei Tutu, the warrior emperor of pre-colonial Ghana, whose reigning successor, the Asantehene, is a distant relative of the Appiah family. Also among his African ancestors is the Ashanti nobleman Nana Akroma-Ampim I of Nyaduom, a warrior whose name the Professor now bears. He lives with his husband, Henry Finder, in an apartment in Manhattan, and a home in Pennington, New Jersey. Appiah has written about what it was like growing up gay in Ghana. His nephew is the actor Adetomiwa Edun. Appiah taught philosophy and African-American studies at the University of Ghana, Cornell, Yale, Harvard, and Princeton Universities from 1981 to 1988. He was, until recently, a Laurance S. Rockefeller University Professor of Philosophy at Princeton (with a cross-appointment at the University Center for Human Values) and was serving as the Bacon-Kilkenny Professor of Law at Fordham University in the fall of 2008. Appiah also served on the board of PEN American Center and was on a panel of judges for the PEN/Newman's Own First Amendment Award. He has taught at Yale, Cornell, Duke, and Harvard universities and lectured at many other institutions in the US, Germany, Ghana and South Africa, and Paris. Until the fall of 2009, he served as a trustee of Ashesi University College in Accra, Ghana. Currently, he is the professor of philosophy and law at NYU. His Cambridge dissertation explored the foundations of probabilistic semantics. In 1992, Appiah published \"In My Father's House\", which won the Herskovitz Prize for African Studies in English. Among his later books are \"Colour Conscious\" (with Amy Gutmann), \"The Ethics of Identity\" (2005), and \"Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers\" (2006). He has been a close collaborator with Henry Louis Gates Jr., with whom he edited \"Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African-American Experience\". Appiah was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1995. In 2008, Appiah published \"Experiments in Ethics\", in which he reviews the relevance of empirical research to ethical theory. In the same year, he was recognized for his contributions to racial, ethnic, and religious relations when Brandeis University awarded him the first \"Joseph B. and Toby Gittler Prize\". As well as his academic work, Appiah has also published several works of fiction. His first novel, \"Avenging Angel\", set at the University of Cambridge, involved a murder among the Cambridge Apostles; Sir Patrick Scott is the detective in the novel. Appiah's second and third novels are \"Nobody Likes Letitia\" and \"Another Death in Venice\". Appiah has been nominated for, or received, several honours. He was the 2009 finalist in the arts and humanities for the Eugene R. Gannon Award for the Continued Pursuit of Human Advancement. In 2010, he was named by \"Foreign Policy\" magazine on its list of top global thinkers. On February 13, 2012, Appiah was awarded the National Humanities Medal at a ceremony at the White House. Appiah currently chairs the jury for the Berggruen Prize, and serves on the Berggruen Institute's Philosophy & Culture Center's Academic Board. Appiah argues that the formative denotation of culture is ultimately preceded by the efficacy of intellectual interchange. From this position, his views on the efficacy of organizations such as UNICEF and Oxfam are notable for their duality: on the one hand he seems to appreciate the immediate action these organizations provide while on the other hand he points out the long-term futility of such intervention. His focus is, instead, on the long-term political and economic development of nations according to the Western capitalist/ democratic model, an approach that relies on continued growth in the \"marketplace\" that is the capital-driven modern world. However, when capitalism is introduced and it does not \"take off\" as in the Western world, the livelihood of the peoples involved is at stake. Thus, the ethical questions involved are certainly complex, yet the general impression in Appiah's \"Kindness to Strangers\" is one which implies that it is not up to \"us\" to save the poor and starving, but up to their own governments. Nation-states must assume responsibility for their citizens, and a cosmopolitan's role is to appeal to \"our own\" government to ensure that these nation-states respect, provide for, and protect their citizens. If they will not, \"we\" are obliged to change their minds; if they cannot, \"we\" are obliged to provide assistance, but only our \"fair share,\" that is, not at the expense of our own comfort, or the comfort of those \"nearest and dearest\" to us. Appiah's early philosophical work dealt with probabilistic semantics and theories of meaning, but his more recent books have tackled philosophical problems of race and racism, identity, and moral theory. His current work tackles three major areas: 1. the philosophical foundations of liberalism; 2. the questioning of methods in arriving at knowledge about values; and 3. the connections between theory and practice in moral life, all of which concepts can also be found in his book \"Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers\". On postmodern culture Appiah writes, \"Postmodern culture is the culture in which all postmodernisms operate, sometimes in synergy, sometimes in competition; and because contemporary culture is, in a certain sense to which I shall return, transnational, postmodern culture is globalthough that emphatically does not mean that it is the culture of every person in the world.\" Appiah has been influenced by the cosmopolitanist philosophical tradition, which stretches from German philosophers such as G. W. F. Hegel through W. E. B. Du Bois",
"of liberalism; 2. the questioning of methods in arriving at knowledge about values; and 3. the connections between theory and practice in moral life, all of which concepts can also be found in his book \"Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers\". On postmodern culture Appiah writes, \"Postmodern culture is the culture in which all postmodernisms operate, sometimes in synergy, sometimes in competition; and because contemporary culture is, in a certain sense to which I shall return, transnational, postmodern culture is globalthough that emphatically does not mean that it is the culture of every person in the world.\" Appiah has been influenced by the cosmopolitanist philosophical tradition, which stretches from German philosophers such as G. W. F. Hegel through W. E. B. Du Bois and others. In his article \"Education for Global Citizenship\", Appiah outlines his conception of cosmopolitanism. He therein defines cosmopolitanism as \"universality plus difference\". Building from this definition, he asserts that the first takes precedence over the latter, that is: different cultures are respected \"not because cultures matter in themselves, but because people matter, and culture matters to people.\" But Appiah first defined it as its problems but ultimately determines that practicing a citizenship of the world and conversation is not only helpful in a post-9/11 world. Therefore, according to Appiah's take on this ideology, cultural differences are to be respected in so far as they are not harmful to people and in no way conflict with our universal concern for every human's life and well-being. In his book \"Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers\" (2006), Appiah introduces two ideas that \"intertwine in the notion of cosmopolitanism\" (Emerging, 69). The first is the idea that we have obligations to others that are bigger than just sharing citizenship. The second idea is that we should never take for granted the value of life and become informed of the practices and beliefs of others. Kwame Appiah frequents university campuses to speak to students. One request he makes is, \"See one movie with subtitles a month.\". Appiah has been a critic of contemporary theories of Afrocentrism. In his 1997 essay \"Europe Upside Down: Fallacies of the New Afrocentrism,\" he argues that current Afrocentricism is striking for \"how thoroughly at home it is in the frameworks of nineteenth century European thought,\" particularly as a mirror image to Eurocentric constructions of race and a preoccupation with the ancient world. Appiah also finds an irony in the conception that if the source of the West lies in ancient Egypt via Greece, then \"its legacy of ethnocentrism is presumably one of our moral liabilities.\" His critique of contemporary Afrocentrism has been criticized by some of its leading proponents, such as Temple University African American Studies scholar and activist Molefi Asante, who has characterized Appiah's work as \"anti-African.\" Kwame Anthony Appiah Kwame Akroma-Ampim Kusi Anthony Appiah ( ; born May 8, 1954) is a British-born Ghanaian-American philosopher, cultural theorist, and novelist whose interests include political and moral theory, the philosophy of language and mind, and African intellectual history. Appiah was the Laurance S. Rockefeller University Professor of Philosophy at Princeton University, before moving to New York University (NYU) in 2014. He currently holds an appointment at the NYU Department of Philosophy and NYU's School of Law. Appiah was born in London,"
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"History of Wikipedia Wikipedia began with its launch on 15 January 2001, two days after the domain was registered by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger. Its technological and conceptual underpinnings predate this; the earliest known proposal for an online encyclopedia was made by Rick Gates in 1993, but the concept of a free-as-in-freedom online encyclopedia (as distinct from mere open source) was proposed by Richard Stallman in December 2000. Crucially, Stallman's concept specifically included the idea that no central organization should control editing. This characteristic was in stark contrast to contemporary digital encyclopedias such as Microsoft Encarta, \"Encyclopædia Britannica\", and even Bomis's Nupedia, which was Wikipedia's direct predecessor. In 2001, the license for Nupedia was changed to GFDL, and Wales and Sanger launched Wikipedia using the concept and technology of a wiki pioneered in 1995 by Ward Cunningham. Initially, Wikipedia was intended to complement Nupedia, an online encyclopedia project edited solely by experts, by providing additional draft articles and ideas for it. In practice, Wikipedia quickly overtook Nupedia, becoming a global project in multiple languages and inspiring a wide range of other online reference projects. According to Alexa Internet, as of 16 September 2018, Wikipedia is the world's fifth-most-popular website in terms of overall visitor traffic. Wikipedia's worldwide monthly readership is approximately 495 million. Worldwide in September 2018, WMF Labs tallied 15.5 billion page views for the month. According to comScore, Wikipedia receives over 117 million monthly unique visitors from the United States alone. The concept of compiling the world's knowledge in a single location dates back to the ancient Libraries of Alexandria and Pergamum, but the modern concept of a general-purpose, widely distributed, printed encyclopedia originated with Denis Diderot and the 18th-century French encyclopedists. The idea of using automated machinery beyond the printing press to build a more useful encyclopedia can be traced to Paul Otlet's 1934 book \"Traité de documentation\"; Otlet also founded the Mundaneum, an institution dedicated to indexing the world's knowledge, in 1910. This concept of a machine-assisted encyclopedia was further expanded in H. G. Wells' book of essays \"World Brain\" (1938) and Vannevar Bush's future vision of the microfilm-based Memex in his essay \"As We May Think\" (1945). Another milestone was Ted Nelson's hypertext design Project Xanadu, which was begun in 1960. Advances in information technology in the late 20th century led to changes in the form of encyclopedias. While previous encyclopedias, notably the \"Encyclopædia Britannica\", were book-based, Microsoft's Encarta, published in 1993, was available on CD-ROM and hyperlinked. The development of the World Wide Web led to many attempts to develop internet encyclopedia projects. An early proposal for a web-based encyclopedia was Interpedia in 1993 by Rick Gates; this project died before generating any encyclopedic content. Free software proponent Richard Stallman described the usefulness of a \"Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource\" in 1999. His published document \"aims to lay out what the free encyclopedia needs to do, what sort of freedoms it needs to give the public, and how we can get started on developing it.\" On Wednesday 17 January 2001, two days after the founding of Wikipedia, the Free Software Foundation's (FSF) GNUPedia project went online, competing with Nupedia, but today the FSF encourages people \"to visit and contribute to [Wikipedia]\". Wikipedia was initially conceived as a feeder project for the Wales-founded Nupedia, an earlier project to produce a free online encyclopedia, volunteered by Bomis, a web-advertising firm owned by Jimmy Wales, Tim Shell and Michael E. Davis. Nupedia was founded upon the use of highly qualified volunteer contributors and an elaborate multi-step peer review process. Despite its mailing list of interested editors, and the presence of a full-time editor-in-chief, Larry Sanger, a graduate philosophy student hired by Wales, the writing of content for Nupedia was extremely slow, with only 12 articles written during the first year. Wales and Sanger discussed various ways to create content more rapidly. The idea of a wiki-based complement originated from a conversation between Larry M. Sanger and Ben Kovitz. Ben Kovitz was a computer programmer and regular on Ward Cunningham's revolutionary wiki \"the WikiWikiWeb\". He explained to Sanger what wikis were, at that time a difficult concept to understand, over a dinner on Tuesday 2 January 2001. Wales first stated, in October 2001, that \"Larry had the idea to use Wiki software\", though he later stated in December 2005 that Jeremy Rosenfeld, a Bomis employee, introduced him to the concept. Sanger thought a wiki would be a good platform to use, and proposed on the Nupedia mailing list that a wiki based upon UseModWiki (then v. 0.90) be set up as a \"feeder\" project for Nupedia. Under the subject \"Let's make a wiki\", he wrote: Wales set one up and put it online on Wednesday 10 January 2001. There was considerable resistance on the part of Nupedia's editors and reviewers to the idea of associating Nupedia with a wiki-style website. Sanger suggested giving the new project its own name, \"Wikipedia\", and Wikipedia was soon launched on its own domain, wikipedia.com, on Monday 15 January 2001. The bandwidth and server (located in San Diego) used for these initial projects were donated by Bomis. Many former Bomis employees later contributed content to the encyclopedia: notably Tim Shell, co-founder and later CEO of Bomis, and programmer Jason Richey. Wales stated in December 2008 that he made Wikipedia's first edit, a test edit with the text \"Hello, World!\", but this edit may have been to an old version of Wikipedia which soon after was scrapped and replaced by a restart; see . The oldest article still preserved is the article UuU, created on Tuesday 16 January 2001, at 21:08 UTC. The existence of the project was formally announced and an appeal for volunteers to engage in content creation was made to the Nupedia mailing list on 17 January 2001. The project received many new participants after being mentioned on the Slashdot website in July 2001, having already earned two minor mentions in March 2001. It then received a prominent pointer to a story on the community-edited technology and culture website Kuro5hin on 25 July. Between these relatively rapid influxes of traffic, there had been a steady stream of traffic from other sources, especially Google, which alone sent hundreds of new visitors to the site every day. Its first major mainstream media coverage was in \"The New York Times\" on Thursday 20 September 2001. The project gained its 1,000th article around Monday 12 February 2001, and reached 10,000 articles around 7 September. In the first year of its existence, over 20,000 encyclopedia entries were created – a rate of over 1,500 articles per month. On Friday 30 August 2002, the article count reached 40,000. Wikipedia's earliest edits were long believed lost, since the original UseModWiki software deleted old data after about a month. On Tuesday 14 December 2010, developer Tim Starling found backups on SourceForge containing every change made to Wikipedia from its creation in January 2001 to 17 August 2001. It showed the first edit as being to HomePage on 15 January 2001, reading \"This is the new WikiPedia!\". The first three edits that were known of before Tim Starling's discovery, are: For more information see . Early in Wikipedia's development, it began to expand internationally, with the creation of new namespaces, each with a distinct set of usernames. The first subdomain created for a non-English Wikipedia was \"deutsche.wikipedia.com\" (created on Friday 16 March 2001, 01:38 UTC), followed after a few hours by \"Catalan.wikipedia.com\" (at 13:07 UTC). The",
"UseModWiki software deleted old data after about a month. On Tuesday 14 December 2010, developer Tim Starling found backups on SourceForge containing every change made to Wikipedia from its creation in January 2001 to 17 August 2001. It showed the first edit as being to HomePage on 15 January 2001, reading \"This is the new WikiPedia!\". The first three edits that were known of before Tim Starling's discovery, are: For more information see . Early in Wikipedia's development, it began to expand internationally, with the creation of new namespaces, each with a distinct set of usernames. The first subdomain created for a non-English Wikipedia was \"deutsche.wikipedia.com\" (created on Friday 16 March 2001, 01:38 UTC), followed after a few hours by \"Catalan.wikipedia.com\" (at 13:07 UTC). The Japanese Wikipedia, started as nihongo.wikipedia.com, was created around that period, and initially used only Romanized Japanese. For about two months Catalan was the one with the most articles in a non-English language, although statistics of that early period are imprecise. The French Wikipedia was created on or around 11 May 2001, in a wave of new language versions that also included Chinese, Dutch, Esperanto, Hebrew, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, and Swedish. These languages were soon joined by Arabic and Hungarian. In September 2001, an announcement pledged commitment to the multilingual provision of Wikipedia, notifying users of an upcoming roll-out of Wikipedias for all major languages, the establishment of core standards, and a push for the translation of core pages for the new wikis. At the end of that year, when international statistics first began to be logged, Afrikaans, Norwegian, and Serbian versions were announced. In January 2002, 90% of all Wikipedia articles were in English. By January 2004, fewer than 50% were English, and this internationalization has continued to increase as the encyclopedia grows. , about 85.5% of all Wikipedia articles are contained within non-English Wikipedia versions. In March 2002, following the withdrawal of funding by Bomis during the dot-com bust, Larry Sanger left both Nupedia and Wikipedia. By 2002, Sanger and Wales differed in their views on how best to manage open encyclopedias. Both still supported the open-collaboration concept, but the two disagreed on how to handle disruptive editors, specific roles for experts, and the best way to guide the project to success. Wales went on to establish self-governance and bottom-up self-direction by editors on Wikipedia. He made it clear that he would not be involved in the community's day-to-day management, but would encourage it to learn to self-manage and find its own best approaches. , Wales mostly restricts his own role to occasional input on serious matters, executive activity, advocacy of knowledge, and encouragement of similar reference projects. Sanger says he is an \"inclusionist\" and is open to almost anything. He proposed that experts still have a place in the Web 2.0 world. He returned briefly to academia, then joined the Digital Universe Foundation. In 2006, Sanger founded Citizendium, an open encyclopedia that used real names for contributors in an effort to reduce disruptive editing, and hoped to facilitate \"gentle expert guidance\" to increase the accuracy of its content. Decisions about article content were to be up to the community, but the site was to include a statement about \"family-friendly content\". He stated early on that he intended to leave Citizendium in a few years, by which time the project and its management would presumably be established. The Wikipedia project has grown rapidly in the course of its life, at several levels. Content has grown organically through the addition of new articles, new wikis have been added in English and non-English languages, and entire new projects replicating these growth methods in other related areas (news, quotations, reference books and so on) have been founded as well. Wikipedia itself has grown, with the creation of the Wikimedia Foundation to act as an umbrella body and the growth of software and policies to address the needs of the editorial community. These are documented below: In March 2000, the Nupedia project was started. Its intention was to publish articles written by experts which would be licensed as free content. Nupedia was founded by Jimmy Wales, with Larry Sanger as editor-in-chief, and funded by the web-advertising company Bomis. In January 2001, Wikipedia began as a side-project of Nupedia, to allow collaboration on articles prior to entering the peer-review process. The name was suggested by Sanger on 11 January 2001. The \"wikipedia.com\" and \"wikipedia.org\" domain names were registered on 12 and 13 January, respectively, with \"wikipedia.org\" being brought online on the same day. The project formally opened on 15 January (\"\"), with the first international Wikipedias – the French, German, Catalan, Swedish, and Italian editions – being created between March and May. The \"neutral point of view\" (NPOV) policy was officially formulated at this time, and Wikipedia's first slashdotter wave arrived on 26 July. The first media report about Wikipedia appeared in August 2001 in the newspaper \"Wales on Sunday\". The September 11 attacks spurred the appearance of breaking news stories on the homepage, as well as information boxes linking related articles. 2002 saw the end of funding for Wikipedia from Bomis and the departure of Larry Sanger. The forking of the Spanish Wikipedia also took place with the establishment of the \"Enciclopedia Libre\". The first portable MediaWiki software went live on 25 January. Bots were introduced, Jimmy Wales confirmed that Wikipedia would never run commercial advertising, and the first sister project (Wiktionary) and first formal Manual of Style were launched. A separate board of directors to supervise the project was proposed and initially discussed at Meta-Wikipedia. The English Wikipedia passed 100,000 articles in 2003, while the next largest edition, the German Wikipedia, passed 10,000. The Wikimedia Foundation was established, and Wikipedia adopted its jigsaw world logo. Mathematical formulae using TeX were reintroduced to the website. The took place in Munich, Germany, in October. The basic principles of Wikipedia's (known colloquially as \"ArbCom\") were developed, mostly by , and other early Wikipedians. Wikisource was created as a separate project on 24 November 2003, to host free textual sources. The worldwide Wikipedia article pool continued to grow rapidly in 2004, doubling in size in 12 months, from under 500,000 articles in late 2003 to over 1 million in over 100 languages by the end of 2004. The English Wikipedia accounted for just under half of these articles. The website's server farms were moved from California to Florida, and CSS style configuration sheets were introduced, and the first attempt to block Wikipedia occurred, with the website being blocked in China for two weeks in June. The formal election of a board and Arbitration Committee began. The first formal projects were proposed to deliberately balance content and seek out systemic bias arising from Wikipedia's community structure. \"Bourgeois v. Peters\", (11th Cir. 2004), a court case decided by the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit was one of the earliest . It stated: \"We also reject the notion that the Department of Homeland Security's threat advisory level somehow justifies these searches. Although the threat level was 'elevated' at the time of the protest, 'to date, the threat level has stood at yellow (elevated) for the majority of its time in existence. It has been raised to orange (high) six times.\" Wikimedia Commons was created on 7 September 2004 to host media files for Wikipedia in all languages. In 2005, Wikipedia became the most popular reference website on the Internet, according to Hitwise, with the English Wikipedia alone exceeding 750,000 articles.",
"community structure. \"Bourgeois v. Peters\", (11th Cir. 2004), a court case decided by the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit was one of the earliest . It stated: \"We also reject the notion that the Department of Homeland Security's threat advisory level somehow justifies these searches. Although the threat level was 'elevated' at the time of the protest, 'to date, the threat level has stood at yellow (elevated) for the majority of its time in existence. It has been raised to orange (high) six times.\" Wikimedia Commons was created on 7 September 2004 to host media files for Wikipedia in all languages. In 2005, Wikipedia became the most popular reference website on the Internet, according to Hitwise, with the English Wikipedia alone exceeding 750,000 articles. Wikipedia's first multilingual and subject portals were established in 2005. A formal fundraiser held in the first quarter of the year raised almost US$100,000 for system upgrades to handle growing demand. China again blocked Wikipedia in October 2005. The first major Wikipedia scandal, the Seigenthaler incident, occurred in 2005, when a well-known figure was found to have a vandalized biography which had gone unnoticed for months. In the wake of this and other concerns, the first policy and system changes specifically designed to counter this form of abuse were established. These included a new privilege policy update to assist in sock puppetry investigations, a new feature called , a more strict policy on biographies of living people and the tagging of such articles for stricter review. A restriction of new article creation to registered users only was put in place in December 2005. Wikimania 2005, the first Wikimania conference, was held from 4 to 8 August 2005 at the \"Haus der Jugend\" in Frankfurt, Germany, attracting about 380 attendees. The English Wikipedia gained its one-millionth article, Jordanhill railway station, on 1 March 2006. The first approved Wikipedia article selection was made freely available to download, and \"Wikipedia\" became registered as a trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation. The congressional aides biography scandals – multiple incidents in which congressional staffers and a campaign manager were caught trying to covertly alter Wikipedia biographies – came to public attention, leading to the resignation of the campaign manager. Nonetheless, Wikipedia was rated as one of the top five global brands of 2006. Jimmy Wales indicated at Wikimania 2006 that Wikipedia had achieved sufficient volume and called for an emphasis on quality, perhaps best expressed in the call for . A new privilege, \"oversight\", was created, allowing specific versions of archived pages with unacceptable content to be marked as non-viewable. Semi-protection against anonymous vandalism, introduced in 2005, proved more popular than expected, with over 1,000 pages being semi-protected at any given time in 2006. Wikipedia continued to grow rapidly in 2007, possessing over 5 million registered editor accounts by 13 August. The 250 language editions of Wikipedia contained a combined total of 7.5 million articles, totalling 1.74 billion words, by 13 August. The English Wikipedia gained articles at a steady rate of 1,700 a day, with the wikipedia.org domain name ranked the 10th-busiest in the world. Wikipedia continued to garner visibility in – the Essjay controversy broke when a prominent member of Wikipedia was found to have lied about his credentials. Citizendium, a competing online encyclopedia, launched publicly. A new trend developed in Wikipedia, with the encyclopedia addressing people whose notability stemmed from being a participant in a news story by adding a redirect from their name to the larger story, rather than creating a distinct biographical article. On 9 September 2007, the English Wikipedia gained its two-millionth article, El Hormiguero. There was some controversy in late 2007 when the Volapük Wikipedia jumped from 797 to over 112,000 articles, briefly becoming the 15th-largest Wikipedia edition, due to automated stub generation by an enthusiast for the Volapük constructed language. According to the \"MIT Technology Review\", the number of regularly active editors on the English-language Wikipedia peaked in 2007 at more than 51,000, and has since been declining. Various in many areas continued to expand and refine article contents within their scope. In April 2008, the 10-millionth Wikipedia article was created, and by the end of the year the English Wikipedia exceeded 2.5 million articles. On 25 June 2009 at 3:15 pm PDT (22:15 UTC), following pop icon Michael Jackson's death, the website temporarily crashed. The Wikimedia Foundation reported nearly a million visitors to Jackson's biography within one hour, probably the most visitors in a one-hour period to any article in Wikipedia's history. By late August 2009, the number of articles in all Wikipedia editions had exceeded 14 million. The three-millionth article on the English Wikipedia, Beate Eriksen, was created on 17 August 2009 at 04:05 UTC. On 27 December 2009, the German Wikipedia exceeded one million articles, becoming the second edition after the English Wikipedia to do so. A \"TIME\" article listed Wikipedia among 2009's best websites. Wikipedia content became licensed under Creative Commons in 2009. On 24 March, the European Wikipedia servers went offline due to an overheating problem. Failover to servers in Florida turned out to be broken, causing DNS resolution for Wikipedia to fail across the world. The problem was resolved quickly, but due to DNS caching effects, some areas were slower to regain access to Wikipedia than others. On 13 May, the site released a new interface. New features included an updated logo, new navigation tools, and a link wizard. However, the classic interface remained available for those who wished to use it. On 12 December, the English Wikipedia passed the 3.5-million-article mark, while the French Wikipedia's millionth article was created on 21 September. The 1-billionth Wikimedia project edit was performed on 16 April. Wikipedia and its users held hundreds of celebrations worldwide to commemorate the site's 10th anniversary on 15 January. The site began efforts to expand its growth in India, holding its first Indian conference in Mumbai in November 2011. The English Wikipedia passed the 3.6-million-article mark on 2 April, and reached 3.8 million articles on 18 November. On 7 November 2011, the German Wikipedia exceeded 100 million page edits, becoming the second language edition to do so after the English edition, which attained 500 million page edits on 24 November 2011. The Dutch Wikipedia exceeded 1 million articles on 17 December 2011, becoming the fourth Wikipedia edition to do so. The \"Wikimania 2011 – Haifa, Israel\" stamp was issued by Israel Post on 2 August 2011. This was the first-ever stamp dedicated to a Wikimedia-related project. Between 4 and 6 October 2011, the Italian Wikipedia became intentionally inaccessible in protest against the Italian Parliament's proposed DDL intercettazioni law, which, if approved, would allow any person to force websites to remove information that is perceived as untrue or offensive, without the need to provide evidence. Also in October 2011, Wikimedia announced the launch of Wikipedia Zero, an initiative to enable free mobile access to Wikipedia in developing countries through partnerships with mobile operators. On 16 January, Wikipedia co-founder Jimmy Wales announced that the English Wikipedia would shut down for 24 hours on 18 January as part of a protest meant to call public attention to the proposed Stop Online Piracy Act and PROTECT IP Act, two anti-piracy laws under debate in the United States Congress. Calling the blackout a \"community decision\", Wales and other opponents of the laws believed that they would endanger free speech and online innovation. A similar blackout was staged on 10 July by the Russian Wikipedia, in protest",
"as untrue or offensive, without the need to provide evidence. Also in October 2011, Wikimedia announced the launch of Wikipedia Zero, an initiative to enable free mobile access to Wikipedia in developing countries through partnerships with mobile operators. On 16 January, Wikipedia co-founder Jimmy Wales announced that the English Wikipedia would shut down for 24 hours on 18 January as part of a protest meant to call public attention to the proposed Stop Online Piracy Act and PROTECT IP Act, two anti-piracy laws under debate in the United States Congress. Calling the blackout a \"community decision\", Wales and other opponents of the laws believed that they would endanger free speech and online innovation. A similar blackout was staged on 10 July by the Russian Wikipedia, in protest against a proposed Russian internet regulation law. In late March 2012, the announced Wikidata, a universal platform for sharing data between all Wikipedia language editions. The US$1.7-million Wikidata project was partly funded by Google, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence. Wikimedia Deutschland assumed responsibility for the first phase of Wikidata, and initially planned to make the platform available to editors by December 2012. Wikidata's first phase became fully operational in March 2013. In April 2012, Justin Knapp became the first single contributor to make over one million edits to Wikipedia. Jimmy Wales congratulated Knapp for his work and presented him with the site's \"Special Barnstar\" medal and the \"Golden Wiki\" award for his achievement. Wales also declared that 20 April would be \"Justin Knapp Day\". On 13 July 2012, the English Wikipedia gained its 4-millionth article, Izbat al-Burj. In October 2012, historian and Wikipedia editor Richard J. Jensen opined that the English Wikipedia was \"nearing completion\", noting that the number of regularly active editors had fallen significantly since 2007, despite Wikipedia's rapid growth in article count and readership. According to Alexa Internet, Wikipedia was the world's sixth-most-popular website as of November 2012. Dow Jones ranked Wikipedia fifth worldwide as of December 2012. On 22 January 2013, the Italian Wikipedia became the fifth language edition of Wikipedia to exceed 1 million articles, while the Russian and Spanish Wikipedias gained their millionth articles on 11 and 16 May respectively. On 15 July the Swedish and on 24 September the Polish Wikipedias gained their millionth articles, becoming the eighth and ninth Wikipedia editions to do so. On 27 January, the main belt asteroid 274301 was officially renamed \"Wikipedia\" by the Committee for Small Body Nomenclature. The first phase of the Wikidata database, automatically providing interlanguage links and other data, became available for all language editions in March 2013. In April 2013, the French secret service was accused of attempting to censor Wikipedia by threatening a Wikipedia volunteer with arrest unless \"classified information\" about a military radio station was deleted. In July, the VisualEditor editing system was launched, forming the first stage of an effort to allow articles to be edited with a word processor-like interface instead of using wikimarkup. An editor specifically designed for smartphones and other mobile devices was also launched. A print edition of the English Wikipedia, comprising 1,000 volumes and over 1,100,000 pages, was exhibited by German Wikipedia contributors in 2014. The project sought funding through Indiegogo, and was intended to honor the contributions of Wikipedia's editors. On 22 October 2014, the first monument to Wikipedia was unveiled in the Polish town of Slubice. In mid-2015, Wikipedia was the world's seventh-most-popular website according to Alexa Internet, down one place from the position it held in November 2012. At the start of 2015, Wikipedia remained the largest general-knowledge encyclopedia online, with a combined total of over 36 million mainspace articles across all 291 language editions. On average, Wikipedia receives a total of 10 billion global pageviews from around 495 million unique visitors every month, including 85 million visitors from the United States alone, where it is the sixth-most-popular site. \"Print Wikipedia\" was an art project by Michael Mandiberg that printed out the 7473 volumes of Wikipedia as it existed on 7 April 2015. Each volume has 700 pages. On 1 November 2015, the English Wikipedia reached 5,000,000 articles with the creation of an article on \"Persoonia terminalis\", a type of shrub. In mid-2016, Wikipedia was once again the world's sixth-most-popular website according to Alexa Internet, up one place from the position it held in the previous year. In October 2016, the mobile version of Wikipedia got a new look. In mid-2017, Wikipedia was listed as the world's fifth-most-popular website according to Alexa Internet, rising one place from the position it held in the previous year. Wikipedia Zero was made available in Iraq and Afghanistan. On 29 April 2017, the Turkish authorities blocked online access to Wikipedia in all languages across Turkey. The encrypted Japanese Wikipedia has been blocked in China since 28 December 2017. During 2018, Wikipedia retained its listing as the world's fifth-most-popular website according to Alexa Internet. One notable development was the use of Artificial Intelligence to create draft articles on overlooked topics. Every year, Wikipedia runs a fundraising campaign to support its operations. Because Wikipedia biographies are often updated as soon as new information comes to light, they are often used as a reference source on the lives of . This has led to attempts to manipulate and falsify Wikipedia articles for promotional or defamatory purposes (see Controversies). It has also led to novel uses of the biographical material provided. Some notable people's lives are being affected by their Wikipedia biography. Sanger played an important role in the early stages of creating Wikipedia. Wales says that Sanger was his subordinate employee. Sanger initially brought the wiki concept to Wales and suggested it be applied to Nupedia and then, after some initial skepticism, Wales agreed to try it. It was Jimmy Wales, along with other people, who came up with the broader idea of an open-source, collaborative encyclopedia that would accept contributions from ordinary people and it was Wales who invested in it. Wales stated in October 2001 that \"Larry had the idea to use Wiki software.\" Sanger coined the portmanteau \"Wikipedia\" as the project name. In review, Larry Sanger conceived of a wiki-based encyclopedia as a strategic solution to Nupedia's inefficiency problems. In terms of project roles, Sanger spearheaded and pursued the project as its leader in its first year, and did most of the early work in formulating policies (including \"Ignore all rules\" and \"Neutral point of view\") and building up the community. Upon departure in March 2002, Sanger emphasized the main issue was purely the cessation of Bomis' funding for his role, which was not viable part-time, and his changing personal priorities; however, by 2004, the two had drifted apart and Sanger became more critical. Two weeks after the launch of Citizendium, Sanger criticized Wikipedia, describing the latter as \"broken beyond repair.\" By 2005 Wales began to dispute Sanger's role in the project, three years after Sanger left. In 2005, Wales described himself simply as the founder of Wikipedia; however, according to Brian Bergstein of the Associated Press, \"Sanger has long been cited as a co-founder.\" There is evidence that Sanger was called co-founder, along with Wales, as early as 2001, and he is referred to as such in early Wikipedia press releases and Wikipedia articles and in a September 2001 \"New York Times\" article for which both were interviewed. In 2006, Wales said, \"He used to work for me [...] I don't agree with calling him a co-founder,",
"two had drifted apart and Sanger became more critical. Two weeks after the launch of Citizendium, Sanger criticized Wikipedia, describing the latter as \"broken beyond repair.\" By 2005 Wales began to dispute Sanger's role in the project, three years after Sanger left. In 2005, Wales described himself simply as the founder of Wikipedia; however, according to Brian Bergstein of the Associated Press, \"Sanger has long been cited as a co-founder.\" There is evidence that Sanger was called co-founder, along with Wales, as early as 2001, and he is referred to as such in early Wikipedia press releases and Wikipedia articles and in a September 2001 \"New York Times\" article for which both were interviewed. In 2006, Wales said, \"He used to work for me [...] I don't agree with calling him a co-founder, but he likes the title\"; nonetheless, before January 2004, Wales did not dispute Sanger's status as co-founder and, indeed, identified himself as \"co-founder\" as late as August 2002. In Sanger's introductory message to the Nupedia mailing list, he said that \"Jimmy Wales contacted me and asked me to apply as editor-in-chief of Nupedia. Apparently, Bomis, Inc. (which owns Nupedia)... who could manage this sort of long-term project, he thought I would be perfect for the job. This is indeed my dream job\". Sanger said \"He [Wales] had had the idea for Nupedia since at least last fall\". As of March 2007: Wales emphasized this employer–employee relationship and his ultimate authority, terming himself Wikipedia's sole founder; and Sanger emphasized their statuses as co-founders, referencing earlier versions of Wikipedia pages (2004, 2006), press releases (2002–2004), and media coverage from the time of his involvement routinely terming them in this manner. The goals which led to GNUpedia were published at least as early as 18 December 2000, and these exact goals were finalized on the 12th and 13th of January 2001, albeit with a copyright of 1999, from when Stallman had first started considering the problem. The only sentence added between 18 December and the unveiling of GNUpedia the week of 12–16 January was this: \"The GNU Free Documentation License would be a good license to use for courses.\" GNUpedia was \"formally\" announced on the \"slashdot\" website, on 16 January, the same day that their mailing list first went online with a test-message. Wales posted to the list on 17 January, the first full day of messages, explaining the discussions with Stallman concerning the change in Nupedia content-licensing, and suggesting cooperation. Stallman himself first posted on 19 January, and, in his second post on 22 January, mentioned that discussions about merging Wikipedia and GNUpedia were ongoing. Within a couple of months, Wales had changed his email signature from the open source encyclopedia to the free encyclopedia; both Nupedia and Wikipedia had adopted the GFDL; and the merger of GNUpedia into Wikipedia was effectively accomplished. In a separate but similar incident, the campaign manager for Cathy Cox, Morton Brilliant, resigned after being found to have added negative information to the Wikipedia entries of political opponents. Following media publicity, the incidents tapered off around August 2006. There are a number of . Other sites also use the MediaWiki software and concept, popularized by Wikipedia. No list of them is maintained. Specialized foreign language forks using the Wikipedia concept include Enciclopedia Libre (Spanish), \"Wikiweise\" (German), WikiZnanie (Russian), Susning.nu (Swedish), and Baidu Baike (Chinese). Some of these (such as \"Enciclopedia Libre\") use GFDL or compatible licenses as used by Wikipedia, leading to exchange of material with their respective language Wikipedias. In 2006, Larry Sanger founded Citizendium, based upon a modified version of MediaWiki. The site said it aimed 'to improve on the Wikipedia model with \"gentle expert oversight\", among other things'. (See also Nupedia). The German Wikipedia was the first to be partly published also using other media (rather than online on the internet), including releases on CD in November 2004 and more extended versions on CDs or DVD in April 2005 and December 2006. In December 2005, the publisher Zenodot Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, a sister company of Directmedia, published a 139-page book explaining Wikipedia, its history and policies, which was accompanied by a 7.5 GB DVD containing 300,000 articles and 100,000 images from the German Wikipedia. Originally, Directmedia also announced plans to print the German Wikipedia in its entirety, in 100 volumes of 800 pages each. Publication was due to begin in October 2006, and finish in 2010. In March 2006, however, this project was called off. In September 2008, Bertelsmann published a 1000 pages volume with a selection of popular German Wikipedia articles. Bertelsmann paid voluntarily 1 Euro per sold copy to Wikimedia Deutschland. The first CD version containing a selection of articles from the English Wikipedia was published in April 2006 by as the \"2006 Wikipedia CD Selection\". In April 2007, \"Wikipedia Version 0.5\", a CD containing around 2000 articles selected from the online encyclopedia was published by the Wikimedia Foundation and Linterweb. The selection of articles included was based on both the quality of the online version and the importance of the topic to be included. This CD version was created as a test-case in preparation for a DVD version including far more articles. The CD version can be purchased online, downloaded as a DVD image file or , or accessed online at the project's website. A free software project has also been launched to make a static version of Wikipedia available for use on iPods. The \"Encyclopodia\" project was started around March 2006 and can currently be used on 1st to 4th generation iPods. In limited ways, the Wikimedia Foundation is protected by Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act. In the defamation action \"Bauer et al. v. Glatzer et al.\", it was held that Wikimedia had no case to answer because of this section. A similar law in France caused a lawsuit to be dismissed in October 2007. In 2013, a German appeals court (the Higher Regional Court of Stuttgart) ruled that Wikipedia is a \"service provider\" not a \"content provider\", and as such is immune from liability as long as it takes down content that is accused of being illegal. Historical summaries Size and statistics Discussion and debate archives Other History of Wikipedia Wikipedia began with its launch on 15 January 2001, two days after the domain was registered by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger. Its technological and conceptual underpinnings predate this; the earliest known proposal for an online encyclopedia was made by Rick Gates in 1993, but the concept of a free-as-in-freedom online encyclopedia (as distinct from mere open source) was proposed by Richard Stallman in December 2000. Crucially, Stallman's concept specifically included the idea that no central organization should control editing. This characteristic was"
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"Lectionary 125 Lectionary 125, designated by siglum ℓ \"125\" (in the Gregory-Aland numbering) is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. The codex contains lessons from the Gospels of John, Matthew, Luke lectionary (\"Evangelistarium\"), on 123 parchment leaves (). Some parts of the codex were lost, in result its text is lacunose. The text is written in Greek minuscule letters, in two columns per page, 23 lines per page. It contains the Pericope Adulterae (John 8:3-11). It contains subscription with date 1346, and a memorandum of the death (October 12, 1345) and burial of one Constantia. The manuscript was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scholz. It was examined by Bianchini. The manuscript is not cited in the critical editions of the Greek New Testament (UBS3). Currently the codex is located in the Vatican Library (Vat. gr. 2017) in Rome. Lectionary 125 Lectionary 125, designated by siglum ℓ \"125\" (in the Gregory-Aland numbering) is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. The codex contains lessons from the Gospels of John, Matthew, Luke lectionary"
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"Ice pigeon The Ice pigeon (Polish: Lazurek; German: Eistaube) is a breed of fancy pigeon developed over many years of selective breeding. Ice pigeons, along with other varieties of domesticated pigeons, are all descendants from the rock pigeon (\"Columba livia\"). In 1856, Charles Darwin is known to have crossbred the Ice pigeon in order to ascertain colour patterns. This work came just three years before his groundbreaking publication, \"On the Origin of Species\". The breed is known and named for its \"ice-blue\" colour. It was first developed in the region from eastern Germany to western Poland, with most early breeding in Saxony and Silesia. Two or three distinct lineages, bred for centuries, were merged to form the modern-day Ice pigeon: one was light-winged with dark eyes, and another one or two had black wing markings and reddish eyes. The Ice pigeon has several varieties, differing in the type and color of their wing pattern. All are otherwise unpatterned, except for a wide black tail-end band; the ends of the rectrices are white. The basic color of Ice pigeons is a pale grey. They appear even lighter due to their abundant powder down, which covers the entire plumage in whitish dust; its Polish name Lazurek (\"glazed pigeon\") refers to this. The English and German names refer to the coloration, which in bright light appears \"icy\" white, with a very slight bluish hue. All varieties may have feathered or unfeathered feet. Due to the feather dust responsible for the Ice Pigeon's unique coloration, they may not be suitable for people with allergies. Ice pigeon The Ice pigeon (Polish: Lazurek; German: Eistaube) is a breed of fancy pigeon developed over many years of selective breeding. Ice pigeons, along with other varieties of domesticated pigeons, are all descendants from the rock pigeon (\"Columba livia\")."
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"Sugarloaf Mountain's geology is tied to the formation of Florida's sand ridges, specifically the Lake Wales Ridge. The mountain consists of relict sand ridges and dunes formed in a marine shoreline environment approximately 2 million years ago during the Pleistocene epoch. Since the Pleistocene, the sands comprising the mountain have probably been uplifted due to isostatic rebound of the crust beneath the Florida Platform. The uplift is attributed to the karstification/erosion of the platform, which is reducing the weight on the underlying basement rock, triggering a process similar to post glacial rebound. \n Prior to the 20th century, Sugarloaf Mountain was a wilderness dominated by sandhill and flatwood pine forests. By the 1920s, logging had stripped the mountain of its hardwood vegetation, permanently altering its native environment. Scrub began to grow on the mountain's slopes, in addition to grapes, which were planted mostly to the south of the mountain for a decade or so. \n By the 1940s, grape farming had declined due to fungal diseases, and it was replaced by citrus farming. Citrus plantations flourished on the flanks of Sugarloaf Mountain, providing the basis for the local economy until the 1980s, when freezes began to systematically devastate local groves. As the citrus industry faded, property on the mountain was rezoned for residential development, with value seen in the mountain's panoramic views of the surrounding area. Other lands abutting the mountain, primarily along Lake Apopka, were preserved with the intention of restoring long absent ecologies. Only a few citrus plantations and vineyards managed to persist to the present day. \n Sugarloaf Mountain is the fifth-highest named point in the U.S. state of Florida. At 312 feet (95 meters) above sea level it is also the highest point on the geographic Florida Peninsula. The mountain is in Lake County, near the town of Clermont. Comparatively, Florida's highest point, Britton Hill, rises to 345 feet (105 m) above sea level in the Florida Panhandle. However, Sugarloaf Mountain is the most prominent point in the entire state. \n Sugarloaf Mountain was recently recognized for its scenic, cultural, and historic value. The state of Florida designated the Green Mountain Scenic Byway, which primarily traverses the eastern side of the mountain. The route offers rare panoramic views of the surrounding landscape and access to newly acquired ecological preserves and historic sites. Biking along the Byway as well as on other roads on the mountain has become popular, due to the challenge imposed by the relatively rugged terrain of the mountain compared to the surrounding area. \n Sugarloaf Mountain also featured a golf course designed by the firm of Coore & Crenshaw. The course, part of the proposed private Sugarloaf Mountain Golf Club residential development, was somewhat unusual in Florida, and took advantage of the relatively prominent topography. The golf course was closed in 2012 due to low turnout and the inability for the planned development to take hold following the 2008 housing bubble and has remained abandoned since. \n Sugarloaf Mountain, located along the western shore of Lake Apopka in Lake County, Florida, is the northernmost named upland associated with the Lake Wales Ridge, a series of sand hills running south to Highlands County. The mountain, really a ridge with rolling dome-like peaks, rises abruptly from the surrounding flat terrain. Its prominence is thought to be 245 feet (75 m), with its highest peak having a local prominence of approximately 200 feet (61 m) relative to the surrounding ridge. Despite not being the highest point in Florida (which is Britton Hill near the Alabama border, the lowest high point of any U.S. state), Sugarloaf Mountain's summit is the most prominent peak in the state, and in a national ranking, is more prominent than the most prominent hills in both Louisiana and Delaware. \n Sugarloaf Mountain \n--- \nRoad leading to the summit of Sugarloaf Mountain \nHighest point \nElevation | 312 ft (95 m) \nProminence | 245 ft (75 m) \nListing | Florida's Highest Points \nCoordinates | 28 ° 38 ′ 58\" N 81 ° 43 ′ 59\" W / 28.6494413 ° N 81.7331317 ° W /28.6494413;-81.7331317 Coordinates:28 ° 38 ′ 58\" N 81 ° 43 ′ 59\" W / 28.6494413 ° N 81.7331317 ° W /28.6494413;-81.7331317 \nGeography \nSugarloaf Mountain Location in Florida \nLocation | Lake County, Florida, United States \nParent range | Lake Wales Ridge \nTopo map | USGS Astatula \nGeology \nAge of rock | ~ 2,000,000 years \nMountain type | uplifted coastline \nClimbing \nEasiest route | Hike, Road"
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"Imran Khan (cricketer, born 1991) Imran Khan (born 25 May 1991) is a Pakistani cricketer who plays at Twenty20 level for the Dera Murad Jamali Ibexes, having previously also played a single limited overs match for the Quetta Bears during the 2011–12 season. A right-handed wicket-keeper from Jafarabad District, Imran played under-19 inter-district cricket for both Nasirabad District and Quetta District, making his senior debut inter-district debut for Nasirabad during the 2010 tournament. He made his one-day debut for the Quetta Bears franchise in March 2012, against the Lahore Eagles during the 2011–12 season of the One-Day National Cup. In his only match for that side, he played as a specialist batsman, opening the batting alongside Bismillah Khan but scoring only five runs. Imran made his Twenty20 debut in February 2014, during the 2013–14 season of the Faysal Bank T20 Cup. Appearing for a new franchise, the Dera Murad Jamali Ibexes, he again played as an opening batsman, but was also given the wicket-keeping duties. Imran appeared twice for the Ibexes during the 2013–14 season, and in all three of the side's matches during the 2014–15 season, with his best score coming against the Bahawalpur Stags in September 2014 – 22 runs from eight balls, including five fours. Imran Khan (cricketer, born 1991) Imran Khan (born 25 May 1991) is a Pakistani cricketer who plays at Twenty20 level for the Dera Murad Jamali Ibexes, having previously also played a single limited overs match for the Quetta Bears during the 2011–12 season. A right-handed wicket-keeper from Jafarabad District, Imran played under-19 inter-district cricket for both Nasirabad District and Quetta District, making his senior debut inter-district debut for Nasirabad during the 2010 tournament. He made his one-day debut for the Quetta Bears franchise in March 2012, against the Lahore Eagles during the"
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"All times listed are local time. \n France | Australia \n---|---\n The two teams had faced each other in 15 matches, including two World Cup group stage matches, in 1998, won by France 2–1, and in 2002, won by Denmark 2–0. \n The two teams had met only once, a friendly game in 1982, won by Peru 1–0. \n Mile Jedinak was booked for a high boot on Christian Cueva after nine minutes of the first half. At the 18th minute, Paolo Guerrero broke into the penalty area, cut back onto his right foot and swung a deep cross for André Carrillo to lash a volley through Jedinak's legs and into the bottom right corner of the net. Tom Rogic beat three defenders on a run into the penalty area after 26 minutes and saw his shot saved by Pedro Gallese, before Mathew Leckie was denied by an Anderson Santamaría tackle as he slid in on goal. Five minutes into the second half, Guerrero hooked the ball into the far corner of the net beyond Mathew Ryan's left hand. Jedinak's far-post header was saved by Gallese and Trent Sainsbury shot wide from close range, while substitute Tim Cahill had a volley blocked inside the penalty area. Edison Flores crashed a low drive onto the post from the edge of the box in the closing minutes, but the offside flag was raised. \n Pos | Team \n\n * * * \n| Pld | | | | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification \n---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|--- \n| France | | | | 0 | | | \\+2 | 7 | Advance to knockout stage \n| Denmark | | | | 0 | | | \\+1 | 5 \n| Peru | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | \n| Australia | | 0 | | | | 5 | − 3 | \n Denmark have won three of their four World Cup matches against South American opponents, with the only exception being a 3–2 defeat against Brazil in the 1998 quarter-final. \n The two teams had never met before in a FIFA-sanctioned match, but both teams previously faced each other in an exhibition match at the 1997 U.S. Cup (a 2–1 Denmark victory). \n Man of the Match:Kylian Mbappé (France) \n\nAssistant referees:Mohamed Al Hammadi (United Arab Emirates) Hasan Al Mahri (United Arab Emirates) Fourth official:Janny Sikazwe (Zambia) Reserve assistant referee:Jerson Dos Santos (Angola) Video assistant referee:Daniele Orsato (Italy) Assistant video assistant referees:Abdulrahman Al-Jassim (Qatar) Taleb Al Maari (Qatar) Szymon Marciniak (Poland) \n \n---\n The two penalties scored in the game between France and Australia were only four minutes, seven seconds apart-the shortest period of time between two penalties being scored by different sides in a World Cup match. Daniel Arzani has become the youngest player to ever make a World Cup appearance for Australia (19y 163d). At 19 years and 178 days old, Kylian Mbappé became the youngest player ever to feature for France at a World Cup. In doing so he broke the record set by Bruno Bellone, who played for France at Spain 1982 aged 20 years and 118 days. \n Fair play points would have been used as tiebreakers if the overall and head-to-head records of teams had been tied. These were calculated based on yellow and red cards received in all group matches as follows:\n Draw position | Team | Pot | Confederation | Method of qualification | Date of qualification | Finals appearance | Last appearance | Previous best performance | FIFA Rankings \n---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|--- \nOctober 2017 | June 2018 \nC1 | France | | UEFA | UEFA Group A winners | 10 October 2017 | 15th | 2014 (quarter-finals) | Winners (1998) | 7 | 7 \nC2 | Australia | | AFC | CONCACAF v AFC play-off winners | 15 November 2017 | 5th | 2014 (group stage) | Round of 16 (2006) | 43 | 36 \nC3 | Peru | | CONMEBOL | OFC v CONMEBOL play-off winners | 15 November 2017 | 5th | 1982 (first group stage) | Quarter-finals (1970), Second round (1978) | 10 | 11 \nC4 | Denmark | | UEFA | UEFA Second Round winners | 14 November 2017 | 5th | 2010 (group stage) | Quarter-finals (1998) | 19 | 12 \n | | \n---|--- \nGK | | Hugo Lloris (c) \nRB | | Benjamin Pavard \nCB | | Raphaël Varane \nCB | 5 | Samuel Umtiti \nLB | 21 | Lucas Hernández \nCM | 12 | Corentin Tolisso | 76' | 78' \nCM | 13 | N'Golo Kanté \nCM | 6 | Paul Pogba \nRF | 11 | Ousmane Dembélé | | 70' \nCF | 10 | Kylian Mbappé \nLF | 7 | Antoine Griezmann | | 70' \nSubstitutions: \nFW | 9 | Olivier Giroud | | 70' \nFW | 18 | Nabil Fekir | | 70' \nMF | 14 | Blaise Matuidi | | 78' \nManager: \nDidier Deschamps \n| | | \n---|--- \nGK | | Mathew Ryan \nRB | 19 | Josh Risdon | 57' \nCB | 5 | Mark Milligan \nCB | 20 | Trent Sainsbury \nLB | 16 | Aziz Behich | 87' \nCM | 15 | Mile Jedinak (c) \nCM | 13 | Aaron Mooy \nRW | 7 | Mathew Leckie | 13' \nAM | 23 | Tom Rogic | | 72' \nLW | 10 | Robbie Kruse | | 84' \nCF | 11 | Andrew Nabbout | | 64' \nSubstitutions: \nFW | 9 | Tomi Juric | | 64' \nMF | 22 | Jackson Irvine | | 72' \nFW | 17 | Daniel Arzani | | 84' \nManager: \nBert van Marwijk \n Group C of the 2018 FIFA World Cup took place from 16 to 26 June 2018. The group consisted of France, Australia, Peru and Denmark. The top two teams, France and Denmark, advanced to the round of 16. \n Man of the Match:Yussuf Poulsen (Denmark) \n\nAssistant referees:Jean Claude Birumushahu (Burundi) Abdelhak Etchiali (Algeria) Fourth official:Mehdi Abid Charef (Algeria) Reserve assistant referee:Anouar Hmila (Tunisia) Video assistant referee:Felix Zwayer (Germany) Assistant video assistant referees:Bastian Dankert (Germany) Mark Borsch (Germany) Danny Makkelie (Netherlands) \n \n---\n * The winners of Group C, France, advanced to play the runners-up of Group D, Argentina. \n * The runners-up of Group C, Denmark, advanced to play the winners of Group D, Croatia. \n\n\n Denmark | 1–1 | Australia \n---|---|--- \n \n * Eriksen 7' \n\n| Report | \n\n * Jedinak 38' (pen.) \n\n\n | | \n---|--- \nGK | | Hugo Lloris (c) \nRB | | Benjamin Pavard \nCB | | Raphaël Varane \nCB | 5 | Samuel Umtiti \nLB | 21 | Lucas Hernández \nCM | 6 | Paul Pogba | 86' | 89' \nCM | 13 | N'Golo Kanté \nRW | 10 | Kylian Mbappé | | 75' \nAM | 7 | Antoine Griezmann | | 80' \nLW | 14 | Blaise Matuidi | 16' \nCF | 9 | Olivier Giroud \nSubstitutions: \nFW | 11 | Ousmane Dembélé | | 75' \nFW | 18 | Nabil Fekir | | 80' \nMF | 15 | Steven Nzonzi | | 89' \nManager: \nDidier Deschamps \n| | | \n---|--- \nGK | | Pedro Gallese \nRB | 17 | Luis Advíncula \nCB | 15 | Christian Ramos \nCB | | Alberto Rodríguez | | 46' \nLB | 6 | Miguel Trauco \nCM | 23 | Pedro Aquino | 81' \nCM | 19 | Yoshimar Yotún | | 46' \nRW | 18 | André Carrillo \nAM | 8 | Christian Cueva | | 82' \nLW | 20 | Edison Flores \nCF | 9 | Paolo Guerrero (c) | 23' \nSubstitutions: \nFW | 10 | Jefferson Farfán | | 46' \nDF | | Anderson Santamaría | | 46' \nFW | 11 | Raúl Ruidíaz | | 82' \nManager: \nRicardo Gareca \n Man of the Match:Christian Eriksen (Denmark) \n\nAssistant referees:Pau Cebrián Devís (Spain) Roberto Díaz Pérez (Spain) Fourth official:Bamlak Tessema Weyesa (Ethiopia) Reserve assistant referee:Juan Carlos Mora (Costa Rica) Video assistant referee:Mark Geiger (United States) Assistant video assistant referees:Jair Marrufo (United States) Joe Fletcher (Canada) Paolo Valeri (Italy) \n \n---\n Man of the Match:André Carrillo (Peru)",
"Assistant referees:Pau Cebrián Devís (Spain) Roberto Díaz Pérez (Spain) Fourth official:Bamlak Tessema Weyesa (Ethiopia) Reserve assistant referee:Juan Carlos Mora (Costa Rica) Video assistant referee:Mark Geiger (United States) Assistant video assistant referees:Jair Marrufo (United States) Joe Fletcher (Canada) Paolo Valeri (Italy) \n \n---\n Man of the Match:André Carrillo (Peru) \n\nAssistant referees:Anton Averianov (Russia) Tikhon Kalugin (Russia) Fourth official:Ryuji Sato (Japan) Reserve assistant referee:Toru Sagara (Japan) Video assistant referee:Danny Makkelie (Netherlands) Assistant video assistant referees:Jair Marrufo (United States) Mark Borsch (Germany) Bastian Dankert (Germany) \n \n---\n Peru | 0–1 | Denmark \n---|---|--- \n| Report | \n\n * Poulsen 59' \n\n\n After a disjointed first half, the game sparked into life shortly after the interval as referee Andrés Cunha initially disallowed a French penalty, but after a call from the VAR, changed his decision and awarded the penalty to France, deciding that Josh Risdon had clipped Antoine Griezmann just inside the area. Griezmann would convert the penalty, which was the first World Cup penalty awarded by VAR. The opener was soon cancelled out just four minutes later by another penalty, Australian midfielder and captain, Mile Jedinak, slotting home after Samuel Umtiti handled the ball in the box, and they looked on course to hold one of the pre-tournament favourites until Paul Pogba's lobbed effort confirmed by goal line technology deflected off Australia full-back Aziz Behich and the crossbar to fall inches over the goal-line. \n | | \n---|--- \nGK | | Kasper Schmeichel \nRB | 14 | Henrik Dalsgaard \nCB | | Simon Kjær (c) \nCB | 6 | Andreas Christensen \nLB | 17 | Jens Stryger Larsen \nCM | 8 | Thomas Delaney \nCM | 19 | Lasse Schöne \nCM | 10 | Christian Eriksen \nRF | 20 | Yussuf Poulsen | 37' | 59' \nCF | 9 | Nicolai Jørgensen | | 68' \nLF | 23 | Pione Sisto | 84' \nSubstitutions: \nFW | 11 | Martin Braithwaite | | 59' \nFW | 21 | Andreas Cornelius | | 68' \nManager: \nÅge Hareide \n| | | \n---|--- \nGK | | Mathew Ryan \nRB | 19 | Josh Risdon \nCB | 20 | Trent Sainsbury \nCB | 5 | Mark Milligan \nLB | 16 | Aziz Behich \nCM | 15 | Mile Jedinak (c) \nCM | 13 | Aaron Mooy \nRW | 7 | Mathew Leckie \nAM | 23 | Tom Rogic | | 82' \nLW | 10 | Robbie Kruse | | 68' \nCF | 11 | Andrew Nabbout | | 75' \nSubstitutions: \nFW | 17 | Daniel Arzani | | 68' \nFW | 9 | Tomi Juric | | 75' \nMF | 22 | Jackson Irvine | | 82' \nManager: \nBert van Marwijk \n France | 1–0 | Peru \n---|---|--- \n \n * Mbappé 34' \n\n| Report | \n Olivier Giroud and Raphaël Varane sent early efforts off target. In the 38th minute a strike from Antoine Griezmann was straight at Kasper Schmeichel. Steve Mandanda spilled a long-range Christian Eriksen free-kick before recovering to claim the loose ball ahead of lurking striker Andreas Cornelius. Eriksen shot wide in the 59th minute, although France substitute Nabil Fekir shot at the side-netting with a drive shortly after his introduction for Griezmann. Fekir forced a stop from Schmeichel in the 82nd minute, while Giroud had a late penalty appeal rejected by the referee. \n Australia | 0–2 | Peru \n---|---|--- \n| Report | \n\n * Carrillo 18' \n * Guerrero 50' \n\n\n Denmark | Australia \n---|---\n Denmark | 0–0 | France \n---|---|--- \n| Report | \n 1. Jump up ^ The rankings of October 2017 were used for seeding for the final draw. \n\n\n After Ghana, Australia are the second team in World Cup history to score three consecutive goals from the penalty spot. Poulsen is the first player to concede two penalties in a single World Cup since Milan Dudić for Serbia in 2006. Mark Milligan completed 85 passes in this match-a record for an Australian player in a single game at a World Cup tournament. As Poulsen had a yellow card in the previous match, he did not play for Denmark in the next match. \n | | \n---|--- \nGK | | Mathew Ryan \nRB | 19 | Josh Risdon \nCB | 20 | Trent Sainsbury \nCB | 5 | Mark Milligan | 88' \nLB | 16 | Aziz Behich \nCM | 15 | Mile Jedinak (c) | 10' \nCM | 13 | Aaron Mooy \nRW | 7 | Mathew Leckie \nAM | 23 | Tom Rogic | 66' | 72' \nLW | 10 | Robbie Kruse | | 58' \nCF | 9 | Tomi Juric | | 53' \nSubstitutions: \nFW | | Tim Cahill | | 53' \nMF | 17 | Daniel Arzani | 60' | 58' \nMF | 22 | Jackson Irvine | | 72' \nManager: \nBert van Marwijk \n| | | \n---|--- \nGK | | Pedro Gallese \nRB | 17 | Luis Advíncula \nCB | 15 | Christian Ramos \nCB | | Anderson Santamaría \nLB | 6 | Miguel Trauco \nCM | 13 | Renato Tapia | | 63' \nCM | 19 | Yoshimar Yotún | 45' | 46' \nRW | 18 | André Carrillo | | 79' \nAM | 8 | Christian Cueva \nLW | 20 | Edison Flores \nCF | 9 | Paolo Guerrero (c) \nSubstitutions: \nMF | 23 | Pedro Aquino | | 46' \nMF | 7 | Paolo Hurtado | 79' | 63' \nMF | 16 | Wilder Cartagena | | 79' \nManager: \nRicardo Gareca \n France | 2–1 | Australia \n---|---|--- \n \n * Griezmann 58' (pen.) \n * Behich 81' (o.g.) \n\n| Report | \n\n * Jedinak 62' (pen.) \n\n\n | | \n---|--- \nGK | | Kasper Schmeichel \nRB | 14 | Henrik Dalsgaard \nCB | | Simon Kjær (c) \nCB | 6 | Andreas Christensen \nLB | 17 | Jens Stryger Larsen \nCM | 8 | Thomas Delaney | | 90+2' \nCM | 13 | Mathias Jørgensen | 45+3' \nCM | 10 | Christian Eriksen \nRF | 23 | Pione Sisto | | 60' \nCF | 21 | Andreas Cornelius | | 75' \nLF | 11 | Martin Braithwaite \nSubstitutions: \nFW | 15 | Viktor Fischer | | 60' \nFW | 12 | Kasper Dolberg | | 75' \nMF | 18 | Lukas Lerager | | 90+2' \nManager: \nÅge Hareide \n| | | \n---|--- \nGK | 16 | Steve Mandanda \nRB | 19 | Djibril Sidibé \nCB | | Raphaël Varane (c) \nCB | | Presnel Kimpembe \nLB | 21 | Lucas Hernández | | 50' \nCM | 13 | N'Golo Kanté \nCM | 15 | Steven Nzonzi \nRW | 11 | Ousmane Dembélé | | 78' \nAM | 7 | Antoine Griezmann | | 68' \nLW | 8 | Thomas Lemar \nCF | 9 | Olivier Giroud \nSubstitutions: \nDF | 22 | Benjamin Mendy | | 50' \nFW | 18 | Nabil Fekir | | 68' \nFW | 10 | Kylian Mbappé | | 78' \nManager: \nDidier Deschamps \n France | Peru \n---|---\n The two teams had never met before. \n Man of the Match:N'Golo Kanté (France)",
"Assistant referees:Emerson de Carvalho (Brazil) Marcelo Van Gasse (Brazil) Fourth official:Gianluca Rocchi (Italy) Reserve assistant referee:Mauro Tonolini (Italy) Video assistant referee:Mauro Vigliano (Argentina) Assistant video assistant referees:Wilton Sampaio (Brazil) Carlos Astroza (Chile) Tiago Martins (Portugal) \n \n---\n Team | Match 1 | Match 2 | Match 3 | Points \n---|---|---|---|--- \n| | | | | | | | | | | \nFrance | | | | | | | | | | | | | − 3 \nDenmark | | | | | | | | | | | | | − 5 \nPeru | | | | | | | | | | | | | − 5 \nAustralia | | | | | | | | | | | | | − 7 \n Denmark | France \n---|---\n | | \n---|--- \nGK | | Pedro Gallese \nRB | 17 | Luis Advíncula \nCB | | Alberto Rodríguez (c) \nCB | 15 | Christian Ramos \nLB | 6 | Miguel Trauco \nCM | 13 | Renato Tapia | 38' | 87' \nCM | 19 | Yoshimar Yotún \nRW | 18 | André Carrillo \nAM | 8 | Christian Cueva \nLW | 20 | Edison Flores | | 62' \nCF | 10 | Jefferson Farfán | | 85' \nSubstitutions: \nFW | 9 | Paolo Guerrero | | 62' \nFW | 11 | Raúl Ruidíaz | | 85' \nMF | 23 | Pedro Aquino | | 87' \nManager: \nRicardo Gareca \n| | | \n---|--- \nGK | | Kasper Schmeichel \nRB | 14 | Henrik Dalsgaard \nCB | | Simon Kjær (c) \nCB | 6 | Andreas Christensen | | 81' \nLB | 17 | Jens Stryger Larsen \nCM | 7 | William Kvist | | 35' \nCM | 10 | Christian Eriksen \nCM | 8 | Thomas Delaney | 86' \nRF | 20 | Yussuf Poulsen | 90+3' \nCF | 9 | Nicolai Jørgensen \nLF | 23 | Pione Sisto | | 67' \nSubstitutions: \nMF | 19 | Lasse Schöne | | 35' \nFW | 11 | Martin Braithwaite | | 67' \nDF | 13 | Mathias Jørgensen | | 81' \nManager: \nÅge Hareide \n Peru | Denmark \n---|---\n Carrillo became the first Peru player to score at a World Cup in 36 years. He ended a barren run of 205 minutes since Guillermo La Rosa struck in a 5–1 loss to Poland during Spain 1982. Peru won their first match at the World Cup since a 4–1 win over Iran in 1978. Guerrero-aged 34 years and 176 days-became the third oldest South American scorer at the World Cup, behind only Argentina's Martín Palermo (36 years, 227 days) and Obdulio Varela of Uruguay (36 years 279 days). Cahill became the first Australian to appear at four different World Cup finals. For Australia, they had not won any World Cup matches since their last major victory in 2010 FIFA World Cup, beating Serbia 2–1; and also Australia had not defeated any South American team in the FIFA World Cup, having been beaten by Brazil 0–2 in 2006, drew 0–0 and lost 1–3 to Chile in 1974 and 2014. \n Mbappe became France's youngest ever goalscorer at the World Cup, aged 19 years and 183 days. Mbappe became the first player born after France's 1998 World Cup triumph to score a goal at the finals. Peru are just the second South American side to fail to qualify for the World Cup knockout stages in the last three tournaments-the other being Ecuador in 2014. \n * first yellow card:minus 1 point; \n * indirect red card (second yellow card):minus 3 points; \n * direct red card:minus 4 points; \n * yellow card and direct red card:minus 5 points; \n\n\n The two teams had met in four previous matches, most recently in a 2013 friendly, a 6–0 France victory. \n Only one of the above deductions would be applied to a player in a single match. \n Thomas Delaney headed wide from Pione Sisto's cross after just two minutes against Australia. At the other end, Mathew Leckie rose above the Danish defence to head a corner over the bar but Denmark countered and Nicolai Jørgensen's lay-off afforded Christian Eriksen the chance to hit a half-volley past Mathew Ryan and into the top left corner of the net. Sisto shot a 20-yard drive and Jørgensen flashed a close-range header just wide. In the 35th minute, referee consulted VAR and decided that Yussuf Poulsen used his arm to block Leckie's headed shot and awarded the penalty, which Mile Jedinak shot into the bottom right corner of the net. Poulsen had a penalty claim of his own waved away early in the second half after he tumbled to the ground on his way into the Australia box. Kasper Schmeichel failed to collect a looping long ball before Leckie flashed the ball across the face of goal. Daniel Arzani teed up Aaron Mooy for a shot that flew just over the top right corner of Schmeichel's goal from outside the box. Andrew Nabbout left the field with a dislocated shoulder and was replaced by Tomi Juric. \n Australia | Peru \n---|---\n This was the only goalless draw of the 2018 World Cup; there were 36 matches played prior to this one, beating the previous record number of matches without a goalless draw to start a World Cup finals, set in 1954, when all 26 matches saw at least one goal. \n The two teams had met in three previous matches, most recently in a friendly in 2012, with Denmark prevailing 2–0. \n Yoshimar Yotún lashed the ball into Kasper Schmeichel's midriff from 25 yards as Peru began the game and Edison Flores lifted a shot over the crossbar from just outside the box. André Carrillo surged towards the Denmark box in the 13th minute and cut inside to curl a low drive towards the bottom-left corner, only for Schmeichel to pull off a diving save. Denmark began to dominate possession but it was not until the 27th minute that they attempted a shot on goal, Thomas Delaney launching the ball over. Denmark midfielder William Kvist was taken off on a stretcher after a sustaining a blow to the ribs in a challenge with Jefferson Farfán, and then Christian Cueva was brought down in the penalty area by Yussuf Poulsen. The referee pointed to the spot upon reviewing video footage and Cueva blazed over, much to the dismay of Peru's sizable travelling support. Adopting a more adventurous approach after the restart, Denmark were rewarded when Christian Eriksen's precise through-ball allowed Poulsen to open the scoring with a low left foot shot. Peru were denied an immediate equaliser when Denmark goalkeeper Schmeichel produced a one-handed save to deny Flores. Substitute Paolo Guerrero, who was only able to play after a Swiss tribunal lifted a 14-month drugs ban, backheeled a chance wide as Denmark held on. \n Yoshimar Yotún's shot from the halfway line drifted wide. Raphaël Varane missed with a header before Pedro Gallese saved with his legs to deny Antoine Griezmann after Olivier Giroud found him with a headed pass. Paolo Guerrero shot straight at Hugo Lloris on the turn after Christian Cueva found him in the box. Paul Pogba slid Giroud into the area and when his shot looped over Gallese via a deflection off Christian Ramos, Kylian Mbappé tapped into the empty net from inside the six-yard box. Pedro Aquino clipped the outside of the post with a drive from 25 yards. André Carrillo fired over the crossbar and Jefferson Farfán hit the side-netting. Guerrero missed a late free-kick, and France secured their place in the knockout stages, while Peru were knocked out. \n Man of the Match:Antoine Griezmann (France) \n\nAssistant referees:Nicolás Tarán (Uruguay) Mauricio Espinosa (Uruguay) Fourth official:Julio Bascuñán (Chile) Reserve assistant referee:Christian Schiemann (Chile) Video assistant referee:Mauro Vigliano (Argentina) Assistant video assistant referees:Tiago Martins (Portugal) Hernán Maidana (Argentina) Jair Marrufo (United States) \n \n---"
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"Placentia Bay Placentia Bay () is a body of water on the southeast coast of Newfoundland, Canada. It is formed by Burin Peninsula on the west and Avalon Peninsula on the east. Fishing grounds in the bay were used by native people long before the first European fishermen arrived in the 16th century. For a time, the French controlled the bay. They built their capital at Placentia on the east coast. The British gained Placentia during the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. The town and nearby Castle Hill are national historic sites. English settlement followed in the bay and today the main communities are Burin, Marystown, and Placentia. On 14 August 1941 US Naval Station Argentia located in Little Placentia Sound was the site of the Atlantic Conference for the Atlantic Charter, where Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt met face to face for the first time since both took office and the start of World War II. Placentia Bay Placentia Bay () is a body of water on the southeast coast of Newfoundland, Canada. It is formed by Burin Peninsula on the west and Avalon Peninsula on the east. Fishing grounds in the bay were used by native people"
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"Ted Smout Memorial Bridge The Ted Smout Memorial Bridge is a road and pedestrian bridge in Brisbane, Australia, the third bridge crossing Bramble Bay (the first being the now demolished Hornibrook Bridge). It is located 30 metres to the east of the Houghton Highway (which provides the northbound lanes), providing 3 southbound traffic lanes and a bi-directional pedestrian and bicycle path. It connects the Redcliffe suburb of Clontarf with the Brisbane suburb of Brighton, and was opened by then Queensland Premier Anna Bligh on 11 July 2010. The Ted Smout Memorial Bridge (and the adjacent Houghton bridge) were Australia's second longest bridges until 27 March 2013, when the Macleay River Bridge opened in Kempsey, NSW. The bridge consists of 78 spans, each 35 m long. The cost of the bridge was A$315 million. It was built 4 m higher than the Houghton bridge, in order to improve its resilience to storm surges. It is the first bridge in Australia designed to withstand Hurricane Katrina-type cyclonic events. It is also possibly the only Australian bridge which may have to deal with shallow water storm surge. The bridge features The bridge is named 'Ted Smout Memorial Bridge' after Ted Smout, Queensland’s last surviving World War One veteran, who lived in Sandgate and died in 2004. The naming ceremony by Craig Wallace, the then Queensland Minister for Main Roads, took place on 14 July 2009 as part of Queensland’s 150th birthday celebrations. The ceremony also marked the construction of the middle (39th) span of the new bridge. The Houghton Highway bridge was originally built to duplicate the Hornibrook Bridge. However, the refurbishment of the original bridge proved to be uneconomic, and the Houghton bridge was converted to 3 lanes with peak flow lane control. When this reached capacity, another 3 lane bridge was proposed to be built between the Hornibrook and Houghton bridges, at the same height as the latter. After the original design was finalised, bridges of similar design were extensively damaged by storm surges caused by Hurricane Katrina, and it was necessary to redesign the bridge to be storm-surge resilient, involving raising the deck level by 4 metres. The revised design is distinctly different from the original plan, which was for a similar structure to the Houghton bridge. Its location was shifted to the east side of the Houghton bridge in order to provide it with some level of storm surge protection Increases in the cost of construction materials and labour, changes to the scope of the project following technical investigations and community consultation, extra costs associated with the removal of the Hornibrook bridge, as well as design improvements spurred by the events of Hurricane Katrina meant the total cost increased to $315 million, compared with the $149 million estimated in 2004. The preliminary design went on display in June 2007. A falsework platform was used and continually relocated as construction of the bridge segments progressed. Foundation piles were driven up to 39 metres into the sea bed, which were then reinforced with concrete and capped with concrete headstock and girders. The bridge was then fitted with concrete barriers, guard rails and electrical conduit. The southern and northern abutment of the bridge included land reclamation works involving a seawall and embankment. Construction began in April 2008 and the entire duplication works were completed on 19 August 2011. Ted Smout Memorial Bridge The Ted Smout Memorial Bridge is a road and pedestrian bridge in Brisbane, Australia, the third bridge crossing Bramble Bay (the first being the now demolished Hornibrook Bridge). It is located 30 metres to the east of the Houghton Highway"
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