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CKRB-FM CKRB-FM is a French-language Canadian radio station located in Saint-Georges, Quebec. Owned and operated by Radio Beauce, a subsidiary of Groupe Radio Simard, it broadcasts on 103.5 MHz with an effective radiated power of 17,000 watts (class B) using an omnidirectional antenna. The station was authorized by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to move to 103.5 MHz and increase its power to 17,000 watts as a class B station in 2005. It moved to 103.5 in January 2009. The station has an adult contemporary music format and identifies itself as "Cool FM 103,5". CKRB went on the air on July 22, 1952 as an AM station broadcasting on 1460 kHz; at the time the station only had a power of 250 watts. The station would later increase its power to 10,000 watts (daytime) and 5,000 watts (nighttime). By 1985, CKRB had converted its transmitter to AM stereo. The station moved to FM on March 29, 1999. CKRB-FM CKRB-FM is a French-language Canadian radio station located in Saint-Georges, Quebec. Owned and operated by Radio Beauce, a subsidiary of Groupe Radio Simard, it broadcasts on 103.5 MHz with an effective radiated power of 17,000 watts (class B) using an	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Elinore Pruitt Stewart Elinore Pruitt Stewart (born Elinore Pruitt; June 3, 1876October 8, 1933) was a homesteader in Wyoming, and a memoirist who between 1909 and 1914 wrote letters describing her life there to a former employer in Denver, Colorado. Those letters, which reveal an adventurous, capable, and resourceful woman of lively intelligence, were published in two collections in 1914 and 1915. The first of those collections, "Letters of a Woman Homesteader", was the basis of the 1979 movie "Heartland". Elinore Pruitt was born on June 3, 1876 in White Bead Hill, which was then a settlement in Chickasaw Nation, Indian Territory, and is an abandoned township in Garvin County, Oklahoma (founded 1906). Her father died in the late 1870s on Army service near the Mexican border. Shortly afterwards, her mother, Josephine Courtney Pruitt, married her husband's brother, Thomas Isaac Pruitt; and bore eight more children. Elinore was educated for a few years at Pierce Institute near White Bead Hill, until that grammar school closed in 1889. In 1893, her mother died of complications from childbirth; in 1894, her stepfather died in a work accident; leaving the orphaned Elinore responsible for her younger siblings, with only her grandparents available for support. Around 1902, she married Harry Cramer Rupert, then 48 years old. He died in a railroad accident before their daughter, Mary Jerrine, was born (February 10, 1906, reportedly in Oklahoma City). She then relocated to Denver, Colorado, where she worked as a laundress, and then in permanent employment as housekeeper for Mrs. Juliet Coney, a widowed schoolteacher from Boston, Massachusetts. In early 1909, Henry Clyde Stewart (18681948), a Scottish immigrant to U.S.A., and a widower, placed an advertisement in "The Denver Post" for a housekeeper to help on his homestead near Burntfork, Wyoming. Elinore answered it (with the agreement of Mrs. Coney), and was accepted. She arrived there in March 1909; in early May, she filed a claim for a quarter section adjoining Clyde's homestead under one of the Homestead Acts; and on May 5, she and Clyde were married. Around that time, she began to correspond with Mrs. Coney, in a series of letters which continued until 1914. Those letters were published in the magazine "Atlantic Monthly"; and later collected in the books "Letters of a Woman Homesteader" (1914) and "Letters on an Elk Hunt" (1915). She concealed the fact of her marriage for several years during her correspondence; according to her, because she wanted to be independent and to claim the land as her own. In 1912, she relinquished her claim in favour of her mother-in-law; rather than risk losing it for breach of the Homestead Acts' provisions for claims by single women. By the early 1920s, she had gained national fame as the "Woman Homesteader." Ever practical, she used the royalties from her writings to buy supplies and equipment for the homestead. in 1928, she was included in Grace Raymond Hebard's "Map of the History and Romance of Wyoming", a literary map of the state. Elinore and Clyde had five children: Helen (stillborn, 1910); James Wilber, (FebruaryDecember 1910, died of erysipelas); Henry Clyde, Jr. (born 1911); Calvin Emery (191271); and Robert Clinton (born 1913). Jerrine, Elinore's daughter by her first marriage, died in 1987. Elinore died on October 8, 1933, of a blood clot to the brain following gallbladder surgery, at the hospital in Rock Springs, Wyoming. She is buried in Burntfork Cemetery, Sweetwater County, Wyoming. Her husband Clyde is buried by her. According to another, but unsourced, account, insofar as differences are material: Elinore was born at Fort Smith, Arkansas; spent most of her childhood in Indian Territory; her schooling ended when her teacher was lynched; her parents died when she was 14 years old; after her first husband's death and the birth of Jerrine, she trained as a nurse and worked at a hospital in Burnfork while in her spare time writing articles for the "Kansas City Star"; found work in Denver as a cook; in 1926, suffered serious injuries from which she never completely recovered, when a horse bolted and she was run over by a hay mower. "Letters of a Woman Homesteader" covers the years 190914. "Letters on an Elk Hunt" covers two incident-packed months, AugustOctober 1914, on a licensed elk hunt, for both the adventure and the meat. Her letters have been described as "frank, vivid, eloquent and perceptive". Her biographer Susanne K. George has remarked that, "Although largely autobiographical, these works were written for publication, and she was known to have 'never let the facts get in the way of a good story'". The 1979 movie "Heartland", directed by Richard Pearce and starring Rip Torn and Conchata Ferrell, was based on "Letters of a Woman Homesteader". In 1985, the Elinore Pruitt Stewart Homestead, where she and her family lived, was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Elinore Pruitt Stewart Elinore Pruitt Stewart (born Elinore Pruitt; June 3, 1876October 8, 1933) was a homesteader in Wyoming, and a memoirist who between 1909 and 1914 wrote letters describing her life there to a former employer in Denver, Colorado. Those letters, which reveal an adventurous, capable, and resourceful woman of lively intelligence, were published in two collections in 1914 and 1915. The first of those collections, "Letters of a Woman Homesteader", was the basis of the 1979 movie "Heartland". Elinore Pruitt was born on June 3, 1876 in White Bead Hill,	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Spa Pump Room, Hockley The Spa Pump Room is a Victorian building in Hockley, Essex. It was built to the designs of James Lockyer in 1842 after a medicinal spring was discovered on the site four years earlier. The building closed as a pump room in 1857 and was used for many things, including a Baptist chapel, a billiard hall, and a clothing factory; it is now in private ownership. It was designated as a Grade II listed building in 1972. Robert Clay and his wife, an ageing couple from Cheltenham, retired to Hockley in Essex, in 1838. The Clays rented a cottage and dug a water well in its gardens. Mrs Clay, a chronic asthmatic, found relief in drinking the waters the well contained and declared it medicinal; they renamed their cottage Hockley Spa Lodge. In order to capitalise on their discovery, and to emulate the kind of success' with the spas at Bath and Royal Tunbridge Wells, they were advised by a local businessman, William Summersall, who later managed the spa, to build a pumping room in order to access larger amounts of water to administer to the wider public. The Clays appointed the architect James Lockyer to design a pumping room which was completed in 1842. The business flourished but by 1857 the spa had fallen out of favour and the Pump Room was used as a Baptist Chapel. By 1880 the spa had been abandoned completeley and the Pump Room became a billiard hall. From 1947 the building was used as a clothing factory before it fell into private ownership. It was designated as a Grade II listed building in 1972. There is a 20 factory that extends to the rear of the Pump Room and a 19, red brick house adjoining to the eastern side. The nearby Spa Hotel, which is located on the junction of Southend Road, Main Road and Spa Road, was used as a hotel for visitors coming to the spa to use its medicinal waters. It was also designed by Lockyer and was opened simultaneously with the Pump Room in 1842. Spa Pump Room, Hockley The Spa Pump Room is a Victorian building in Hockley, Essex. It was built to the designs of James Lockyer in 1842 after a medicinal spring was discovered on the site four years earlier. The building closed as a pump room in 1857 and was used	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Thomas Wilkie Very Rev Thomas Wilkie (1645-1711) was a Scottish minister who was elected moderator of the Church of Scotland twice: once in 1701 and once in 1704. He was the minister at the Kirk of the Canongate. He was born on 6 April 1645 the son of N. N. Wilkie. His uncle Rev Thomas Wilkie (1638-1717) was the minister of Tolbooth Parish, the parish which was the forerunner of Canongate Kirk. He was the first minister of Canongate Kirk following its construction in 1688. He died March 19, 1711. He is buried in Canongate Kirkyard against the east wall of the church. He was married to Rachel Sinclair, widow of William Hog and daughter of Rev John Sinclair of Ormiston. Thomas Wilkie Very Rev Thomas Wilkie (1645-1711) was a Scottish minister who was elected moderator of the Church of Scotland twice: once in 1701 and once in 1704. He was the minister at the Kirk of the Canongate. He was born on 6 April 1645 the son of N. N. Wilkie. His uncle Rev Thomas Wilkie (1638-1717) was the minister of Tolbooth Parish, the parish which was the forerunner of Canongate Kirk. He was the first minister of Canongate	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Henry Williams (alias Cromwell) Sir Henry Williams, alias Cromwell (died 1604) was a Knight of the Shire for Huntingdonshire and a grandfather of Oliver Cromwell. His grandfather, Morgan ap William, was the son of a man named William, and also used the name Williams, but he abandoned the Welsh patronymic system completely and adopted the name of Cromwell, in honour of an uncle Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex. The family then constistently used and wrote its name as Williams, alias Cromwell, from the 16th well into the 17th century. Sir Henry Williams, alias Cromwell, was of Welsh descent, the eldest son and heir of Sir Richard Williams, alias Cromwell, and was highly esteemed by Queen Elizabeth I, who knighted him in 1563. He was an important enough man, with a large enough house, for the Queen to do him the honour of sleeping at his seat, Hinchingbrooke House, on 18 August 1564, on her return from visiting the University of Cambridge. Williams, alias Cromwell, was in the House of Commons in 1563, as one of the Knights of the Shire for Huntingdonshire, and was four times appointed Sheriff of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire, by Elizabeth, "viz." in the 7, 13, 22, and 34 years of her reign; and in the 20, she nominated him a commissioner with others, to inquire concerning the draining of The Fens through Cloughs Cross and so to the sea. He made Huntingdonshire the entire place of his country residence, living at Ramsey Abbey in the summer, and Hinchingbrooke in the winter; he repaired, if not built, the manor-house at Ramsey, and made it one of his seats. Mark Noble comments that he had heard that the house of Ramsey was only the lodge of that magnificent pile, and converted by Sir Henry into a dwelling-house. Sir Henry also built Hinchingbrooke House adjoining to the nunnery at Hinchingbrooke, and upon the bow windows there he put the arms of his family, with those of several others to whom he was allied. Sir Henry lived to a good old age, dying in the beginning of the year 1604. He was buried in All Saints' Church, in Huntingdon, on 7 January. An indication of the funeral pomp used at his interment can be found by the charges of the heralds, which were the same as those incurred at the burial of some of the greatest knights of his day. Mark Noble stated that Sir William was called, from his liberality, the "golden knight"; and reported that in Ramsey it was said, that whenever Sir Henry came from Hinchingbrooke to that place, he threw considerable sums of money to the poor townsmen. This excellent character is given of him, "he was a worthy gentleman, both in court and country, and universally esteemed"; and which his merit justly deserved. By the record of "inquisitio post mortem", taken at Ramsey, 2 June, following his death, it appears that he died possessed of these manors in Huntingdonshire, Saltry, Saltry-Moynes, Saltry-Judith, Sawtry-Monastery, all valued at £60 "per annum"; Warboys and Whistow, with their rectories, and the New-red-deer Park, valued together at £40 "per annum"; Hinchingbrooke, valued at £10 "per annum"; Broughton or Broweton, with the rectory, valued at £20 "per annum"; Berry and Hepmangrove, and the rectory of Berry, valued at £20 "per annum"; the forefts of Waybridge, and Sapley, valued at £6 13s 4d; the farm or grange of Higney, and the messuage called the George, with the land belonging to it, valued at £10 "per annum"; and the manor of Ramsey, with the farm of Biggin, valued at £100 "per annum". all of which were held of king by military service. except the forests of Waybridge and Sapley, together with the farm, or grange of Higney, the tenures of which were unknown. Sir Henry Williams, alias Cromwell, married twice. His first marriage was to Joan, a daughter of Sir Ralph Warren, twice Lord Mayor of London; she died at Hinchinbrooke and was buried there in All Saints' church in 1584. Some time after the death of Joan, Sir Henry married a lady of the name of Weeks, who bore for her arms azure a lion rampant checky argent and gules. She was buried at All Saints', Huntingdon, 11 July 1592 but no monument remains of either Sir Henry or of his wives, or indeed any of the name of Cromwell in that place as Huntingdon was devastated during the Civil War and all the monuments and brass plates to the dead were either destroyed or looted. Lady Weeks died of a lingering illness, which in that superstitious age was blamed on witchcraft. On 4 April 1593, in the court presided over by justice Fenner, John Samwell, his wife and daughter were found guilty of causing the death of Joan through witchcraft and executed a few days later (see the Witches of Warboys case). By the first marriage, Sir Henry had numerous children; by the latter, none. Sir Oliver, the eldest son, gained the bulk of his fortune, to each of the other sons were given estates of about an annual value of £300. Some of the children of Sir Henry and Joan his first wife were: Henry Williams (alias Cromwell) Sir Henry Williams, alias Cromwell (died 1604) was a Knight of the Shire for Huntingdonshire and a grandfather of Oliver Cromwell. His grandfather, Morgan ap William, was the son of a	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Ivar Wickman Otto Ivar Wickman (10 July 1872 in Lund – 20 April 1914 in Saltsjöbaden) was a Swedish physician, who discovered in 1907 the epidemic and contagious character of poliomyelitis Son of a merchant, Wickman began his medical studies at Lund University in 1890, and passed the state medical examination in 1901 at the Karolinska Institute at Solna near Stockholm. In 1905 he published his doctoral thesis on poliomyelitis “Poliomyelitis acuta” in German, and the doctoral exam in 1906 qualified for the post of a docent for neurology at the Karolinska Institute, besides working as a district physician in the Östermalm district in Stockholm from 1907 to 1909. As a pupil of pediatrician Karl Oskar Medin, whom he held in high esteem, Wickman predominantly devoted himself to the studies of infantile paralysis (poliomyelitis). Besides his thesis, his 1907 publication "Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Heine-Medin’schen Krankheit" has been rated as innovative. In the field of neurology he also published several articles. After 1909 Wickman spent more and more time abroad. He worked at the institute of pathology and anatomy in Helsingfors and did psychiatric studies in Paris. Repeatedly having to cope with financial difficulties, he spent his last two years in Breslau and Straßburg, in both places working as an assistant to Adalbert Czerny, the co-founder of modern pediatrics. At the age of 41 he took his life by a shot in the heart in April 1914. The reasons for his suicide are not known, since Wickman did not leave a farewell letter or any other notes. Colleagues report that the failure of his application for the post of Professor of Pediatrics at the Karolinska Institute, which, until 1914, Medin had held, was a heavy blow for him. . When the position was opened for applicants in 1912, Wickman was convinced that he had great chances of becoming successor to his mentor. The commission of the Stockholm Faculty of Medicine, however, preferred one of his two co-applicants in December 1913. On the one hand the members of the commission blamed Wickman for not having shown sufficient diversity in his research work: as many as half of his 22 scientific publications were dealing with polio. On the other hand there was the serious reproach that he had not given a public audit lecture, which was part of the application procedure. He had reported sick because of his "insomnia“ and only submitted a sick note by Professor Czerny, who acknowledged his pupil’s good didactic capacities. There is much reason to assume that Wickman eschewed the public lecture because of his stuttering, which considerably hampered his fluency of speech. Wickman became known for his achievements in polio research. As a pupil of Karl Oskar Medin and studying the findings of Jakob Heine and Adolf von Strümpell he made detailed clinical and epidemiological studies to establish the hitherto controversial hypothesis that polio can be transferred through physical contact. He was provided with illustrative evidence mainly from the great Swedish epidemic of 1905 with a total of 1,031 recorded cases. Using the example of the small village Trästena in today’s Töreboda he could show that persons with a large contact surface were infected with polio more easily. Within only six weeks 49 children had contracted the disease. First he observed a spreading of the disease along streets and railway lines. After weeks of field trials Wickman succeeded in establishing the fact that the local school played a prominent role in the spread of the disease which henceforth he named "Heine-Medin disease".<br> Wickman published most of his articles and books in German and most of them were quickly translated into English. He came to the conclusion that polio was highly contagious. He suggested taking the so-called abortive and nonparalytic cases as seriously as the grave ones with paralysis, since they were – as he emphasized – instrumental in the spread of the disease. He assumed that the agent could be passed on by presumably healthy persons, and he was the first to find that polio was not exclusively, not even mainly, a disease affecting the central nervous system. Based on his observations he came to the conclusion that the incubation period of polio was three to four days, which had long been disputed but was confirmed in the middle of the twentieth century. When he coined the term Heine-Medin disease he followed a suggestion of Sigmund Freud, who considered the naming of a disease after its discoverer less problematic than naming it after symptoms or agents. Wickman had found out that Heine’s term Spinale Kinderlähmung (spinal infantile paralysis) and Medin’s work on poliomyelitis only referred to parts of the disease. Wickman’s term, however, was not to assert itself in the long run. When in 1908, in Vienna, the discovery of the poliovirus by Karl Landsteiner and Erwin Popper was announced, Wickman did not give up his work as a clinical researcher and pediatrician. Neither did he join the Swedish team of clinical virologists. To him and his findings it did not make much difference, whether the polio agent was a virus or a bacterium. Wickman’s research work received only little immediate recognition outside the world of medical specialists. The obituary of his colleague Arnold Josefsson after Wickman’s early death is an exception: “The death of Ivar Wickman means the loss of an outstanding personality, not only for our country, but for the medical world as a whole.” In the mean time, however, he has become recognized as a pioneer of polio research. In 1958 he was posthumously honoured by being inducted into the Polio Hall of Fame in Warm Springs, Georgia, USA. Third in line after Heine and Medin, followed by Landsteiner and eleven more polio experts and two laymen (one of them US-president Franklin D. Roosevelt), his bronze bust was revealed. Wickman’s classification of the different forms of polio is referred to by the European section of the World Health Organization (WHO) as a “milestone” in polio eradication. On the other hand, as late as 1971 polio expert and author John Rodman Paul still commented on Wickman’s impact: „Considering the importance of the contributions of Ivar Wickman, I do not believe that his work is fully appreciated today.“ Ivar Wickman Otto Ivar Wickman (10 July 1872 in Lund – 20 April 1914 in Saltsjöbaden) was a Swedish physician, who discovered in 1907 the epidemic and contagious character of poliomyelitis Son of a merchant, Wickman began his medical studies at Lund University in 1890, and passed the state medical examination in 1901 at the Karolinska Institute at Solna near Stockholm. In 1905 he published his doctoral	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Rogue Valley Transportation District Rogue Valley Transportation District is a transportation district serving the greater Jackson County, Oregon area. The district serves the cities of Medford, Ashland, White City, Phoenix, Talent, Jacksonville, and Central Point. The district also provides paratransit services to older adults and people with disabilities within its route coverage area. The Rogue Valley Transportation District (RVTD) was established May 6, 1975 upon the passing of a special election measure allowing the county to establish a transportation district funded by Oregon tax dollars. Two years later after considerable planning and procurement of funding, the first transit buses took the streets of Medford, with service beginning in July 1977. The need for creating RVTD arose when its predecessor, a private company named Mount Ashland Stage Lines, went bankrupt and ceased operating in 1974 after having served the Rogue Valley since 1965. Area voters approved the creation of a new public transit district in 1975, but funding for operations was not included, and subsequent requests for authorization of a property-tax increase to fund the service were rejected at the ballot box. The district's board scaled back the original plans by about 35 percent before finally gaining voter approval of operations funding. The service that was inaugurated in July 1977, initially operating under the name, "Rogue Rapids Transit", comprised just three buses serving six routes. Initial ridership on the fledging system was better than expected, prompting the city of Medford to agree to purchase three vans for RVTD's use, which were used for a new shuttle service in the downtown area starting in November 1977. The district's bus fleet has since grown to 20 vehicles. RVTD currently operates nine bus routes through the cities of Medford, Ashland, Central Point, Jacksonville, Phoenix, Talent and White City with aspirations to add more in the coming future. All buses run Monday through Saturday. RVTD provides no service on Sundays or Holidays. All bus routes begin and terminate at the Front Street Transfer Center located at Front Street between 8th and 10th Street in Downtown Medford. The Greyhound Station is also located here. The Rogue Valley Transportation District operates paratransit service known as Valley Lift. It is offered to senior citizens, people of physical or mental disability, or people who are unable to utilize fixed route buses for other reasons. Service is limited to areas which are no more than 3/4 of a mile by air from any fixed bus route. Such can be seen in their system map. People wishing to utilize the service must apply with RVTD after establishing their eligibility for Valley Lift. There are various methods to pay fares on RVTD buses. The most popular is cash; however, prepaid options are available. These options include tokens, day passes, monthly passes, as well as punch cards for 20 rides each. Passes, tokens, and punch cards can be purchased at any three of these locations: 1. Some individuals may be required to furnish proof of age or a valid Valley Lift ID. 2. Transfers may be used any number of times within the 90-minute timeframe. People holding transfers which have been modified or mutilated in any way may be required to pay a second fare. 1. Usage of one boarding with the noted methods entitles the user to a free 90-minute bus transfer, valid on all buses. 2. Only valid for the groups mentioned, two passes cannot be combined. Some individuals may be required to furnish proof of age or a valid Valley Lift or Reduced Fare ID. Rogue Valley Transportation District operates a fleet of 23 buses, 23 paratransit buses. Roughly 85% of the current transit bus fleet is powered by cleaner-burning compressed natural gas (abbreviated CNG) engines. RVTD was among one of the first transportation districts in the state of Oregon to operate a majority CNG fleet, originally acquiring their first prototype buses, the Blue Bird Q-Bus from Blue Bird Corporation, in 1995. Today RVTD has phased out the Blue Bird CNG vehicles in favor of the 35 foot natural gas coach manufactured by Gillig and New Flyer Industries. These newer buses provide for greater fuel capacity of 3600 psi compared to their predecessors 3000 psi limit (allowing greater range on one fill-up), provide space for more passengers (65 seated and standees compared to 50 seated and standees), a low floor design with fully automated wheelchair ramp (compared to the partially automated wheelchair lift), easier passenger boarding and deboarding, as well as a more powerful engine. In addition to their natural gas buses, the Rogue Valley Transportation District also operates diesel transit coaches in efforts to diversify their fuel usage. This has several key advantages including switching over to primarily diesel usage in the event of a natural gas price hike or vice versa. RVTD runs the diesel New Flyer Low Floor and Low Floor Restyled coach and the Gillig Low Floor exclusively, however that may change as future fleet acquisitions occur. Previously in district history the entire fleet consisted of the New Look with a blue, yellow, and white paint scheme but the coaches have since been phased out. All RVTD buses feature the standard amenities one can come to expect from any transit agency. For example all buses are equipped with front bike racks manufactured by SportsWorks, allowing up to two bicycles to be carried with their corresponding riders ). Each bus is equipped with both forward cabin and rear cabin heating units keeping each bus at a warm, comfortable temperature during the winter. Most of the buses also have air conditioning as well, save for the 4500 series (the GMC New Looks) which do not have A/C. All buses have padded frontal seats for additional comfort, with the 4500 series featuring both front and rear padded seats. In compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 all RVTD buses feature some form of wheelchair ramp or lift as well as securement methods for the chairs themselves. The design in all buses allows a maximum of two wheelchairs to be secured safely in the bus at any given time. The majority of the fleet has automated time point stop announcement system on the buses; otherwise stops are called out by the operator. Real time schedule information is also available through Google maps. RVTD is currently working on a smart phone app to make the real-time information easier to access. RVTD's planning department includes a transportation demand management (TDM) program. Primarily funded by Region 3 of the Oregon Department of Transportation, the TDM program uses various techniques to promote alternatives to driving alone. Among these techniques are a group bus pass program, bicycle and pedestrian encouragement and education activities, carpool matching, transit marketing, and outreach to local government jurisdictions. Rogue Valley Transportation District Rogue Valley Transportation District is a transportation district serving the greater Jackson County, Oregon area. The district serves the cities of Medford, Ashland, White City, Phoenix, Talent, Jacksonville, and Central Point. The district also provides paratransit services to older adults and people with disabilities within its route coverage area. The Rogue Valley Transportation District (RVTD) was established May 6, 1975 upon the passing of a special election measure allowing the county to establish a transportation district	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Infierno en el Ring (2008) "Infierno en el Ring" (2008) (Spanish for "Inferno in the ring") was a professional wrestling Pay-Per-View (PPV) produced by Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), which took place on June 13, 2008 in Arena México, Mexico City, Mexico. The main event was the eponimous "Infierno en el Ring" match that CMLL traditionally holds at least once a year. In 2008 the match was given its own event, whereas previously it had been a part of other events. The "Infierno en el Ring" match is a multi-man Steel Cage match where all the competitors risked their hair, with the last wrestler in the ring being shaved bald. The 2008 event saw ten men risk their hair: Heavy Metal, El Texano Jr., Damián 666, Mr. Águila, El Terrible, Perro Aguayo Jr., Shocker, Marco Corleone, Negro Casas and Alex Koslov. The event also featured 5 Six-man "Lucha Libre rules" tag team match, including the finals of a tournament to determine the next holders of the CMLL World Trios Championship as "Los Ángleles" (Spanish for "The Angels; Héctor Garza, El Hijo del Fantasma and La Máscara faced Blue Panther, Dos Caras Jr. and Místico. The Mexican wrestling company "Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre" (Spanish for "World Wrestling Council"; CMLL) has held a number of major shows over the years using the moniker "Infierno en el Ring" ("Inferno in the Ring"), all of which were main evented by a multi-man steel cage match, the eponymous "Infierno en el Ring" match. CMLL has use the "Infierno en el Ring" match on other shows, but will intermittently hold a show billed specifically as "Infierno en el Ring", with the first such show held in 2008. It is not an annually recurring show, but instead held intermittently sometimes several years apart and not always in the same month of the year either. All "Infierno en el Ring" shows have been held in Arena México in Mexico City, Mexico which is CMLL's main venue, its "home". Traditionally CMLL holds their major events on Friday Nights, which means the "Infierno en el Ring" " shows replace their regularly scheduled "Super Viernes" show. The 2008 "Infierno en el Ring" show was the first show to use the name. The event featured five professional wrestling matches with different wrestlers involved in pre-existing scripted feuds, plots and storylines. Wrestlers were portrayed as either heels (referred to as "rudos" in Mexico, those that portray the "bad guys") or faces ("técnicos" in Mexico, the "good guy" characters) as they followed a series of tension-building events, which culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches. Infierno en el Ring (2008) "Infierno en el Ring" (2008) (Spanish for "Inferno in the ring") was a professional wrestling Pay-Per-View (PPV) produced by Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), which took place on June 13, 2008 in Arena México, Mexico City, Mexico. The main event was the eponimous "Infierno en el Ring" match that CMLL traditionally holds at least once a year. In 2008	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
2010 Asian Games torch relay The 2010 Asian Games torch relay was held from October 12, 2010 through 21 cities in Guangdong province and 2 cities of Guangdong province before the opening ceremony on November 12, 2010. Prior to the relay, a lighting ceremony was held back on October 9, 2010. Some 2,068 torchbearers are expected to carry the torch with one of the relay was held in indoor arena. The relay in Harbin was held in the main venue of the 1996 Asian Winter Games, the Harbin Ice Hockey Rink, while the relay on October 22, 2010 was affected by Typhoon Megi as it was held under the rain. The relay from November 6–8 acted as a demonstration relay. Two torch designs were short-listed in September 2009 for the 2010 Asian Games. ""The Tide""(潮流) was chosen by the organisers as the torch of the Games, defeating the ""Exploit"" design. "The Tide" weighs 98g and is 70 cm long, and is tall and straight in shape, while dynamic in terms of image. The secondary official mark of the torch relay was unveiled on July 15, 2010, featuring a silhouette of a running goat holding a torch. On October 9, 2010, the flame lighting ceremony was held at the Juyongguan at the Great Wall of China in Beijing. A 22-year-old Yunnan Arts University student Kang Chen-chen (康辰晨) was chosen to light the torch. The condition at the time of the lighting was foggy, while she tried to light the torch with a solar mirror with little sunlight. Therefore, it took upwards of 2 minutes before the torch flame could come up. Kang received quite a bit of media attention afterwards. Most of it praised the way she handled the situation. The cauldron was then lit-up by president Hu Jintao. 2010 Asian	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
2009–10 A.S. Roma season The 2009–10 season was Associazione Sportiva Roma's 77th season in Serie A. The club competed in Serie A, the Coppa Italia, and the UEFA Europa League. Roma finished second in Serie A with 80 points, two points behind Inter. In the previous season, Roma achieved sixth place in Serie A and qualified for the 2009–10 UEFA Europa League starting from the third qualifying round. ! colspan=14 style="background:#B21B1C; color:#FFD700; text-align:center"\| Goalkeepers ! colspan=14 style="background:#B21B1C; color:#FFD700; text-align:center"\| Defenders ! colspan=14 style="background:#B21B1C; color:#FFD700; text-align:center"\| Midfielders ! colspan=14 style="background:#B21B1C; color:#FFD700; text-align:center"\| Forwards ! colspan=14 style="background:#B21B1C; color:#FFD700; text-align:center"\| Players transferred out during the season 2009–10 A.S. Roma season The 2009–10 season was Associazione Sportiva Roma's 77th season in Serie A. The club competed in Serie A, the Coppa Italia, and the UEFA Europa League. Roma finished second in Serie A with 80 points, two points behind Inter. In the previous season, Roma achieved sixth place in Serie A and qualified for the 2009–10 UEFA Europa League starting from the third qualifying round. ! colspan=14 style="background:#B21B1C; color:#FFD700; text-align:center"\| Goalkeepers ! colspan=14 style="background:#B21B1C; color:#FFD700; text-align:center"\| Defenders ! colspan=14 style="background:#B21B1C; color:#FFD700; text-align:center"\| Midfielders ! colspan=14 style="background:#B21B1C; color:#FFD700; text-align:center"\| Forwards ! colspan=14 style="background:#B21B1C; color:#FFD700; text-align:center"\|	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Tom Timmermann Thomas Henry Timmermann (born May 12, 1940) is a former American baseball player. He played professional baseball for 15 years from 1960 to 1974, including six seasons in Major League Baseball as a pitcher for the Detroit Tigers (1969–1973) and Cleveland Indians (1973–1974). He compiled a 35–35 win–loss record and a 3.78 earned run average (ERA), and recorded 35 saves and 315 strikeouts, in 228 major league games and 548 innings pitched. After setting a Detroit club record with 61 pitching appearances in 1970, all as a relief specialist, Timmermann was voted "Tiger of the Year" by the Detroit chapter of the Baseball Writers' Association of America. During a minor league game in 1968, he tied a professional baseball record by recording the maximum of 27 infield outs in a nine-inning game for the Criollas de Caguas in the Puerto Rican Winter League. Timmermann was born in Breese, Illinois, in 1940. He grew up on a dirt farm on the Illinois prairie, attended Aviston High School and subsequently enrolled in Southern Illinois University Carbondale. While at Carbondale he became a member of Sigma Pi fraternity. Timmermann was signed by the Detroit Tigers as an amateur free agent in 1960 and spent nine-and-a-half years in the Tigers' farm system before making his major league debut. He began his minor league career in 1960 with the Montgomery Rebels and had stints with the Durham Bulls (1960, 1965), Duluth–Superior Dukes (1961), Knoxville Smokies (1962–63), Syracuse Chiefs (1963–66), Hawaii Islanders (1964), and Toledo Mud Hens (1967–1971). In October 1968, while playing for the Criollas de Caguas in the Puerto Rican Winter League, Timmermann pitched eight shutouts, including a five-hitter in which he recorded 12 strikeouts among 27 infield outs. Timmermann was tall — — and weighed 215 pounds. He made his major league debut on June 18, 1969, holding the New York Yankees hitless in 1-1/3 innings as a relief pitcher. As a 28-year-old rookie in 1969, Timmermann had a 2.75 earned run average (ERA), well below the league average 3.74, and a 4-3 win–loss record in 31 games (30 as a reliever). In 1970, and despite being demoted to Toledo for 26 days early in the season, Timmermann finished third in the American League with 27 saves and sixth in the league with 43 games finished. He appeared in 61 games, all as a relief specialist, breaking the Detroit franchise record of 55 pitching appearances set by Larry Sherry in 1966. Timmermann compiled a record of 6-7 with a 4.11 ERA. He was credited with converting a bullpen that manager Mayo Smith had called "the worst I've ever seen in baseball" into one that became "almost unbeatable." In one sequence of 11 games in June and July, Timmermann recorded nine saves and two wins. At the end of the 1970 season, Timmermann was voted "Tiger of the Year" by the Detroit chapter of the Baseball Writers' Association of America — garnering 25% of the votes to edge Mickey Stanley and Al Kaline. Detroit sports writer Watson Spoelstra called Timmermann's 1970 performance "the strongest bullpen job ever achieved in Detroit." In 1971, Timmermann appeared in 52 games (two as a starter), compiling a 7-6 record and a 3.86 ERA. In 1972, the Tigers moved Timmermann into the starting rotation, and he started 25 games and made nine relief appearances. He compiled an 8-10 record in 1972 with a 2.89 ERA. On June 15, 1973, the Tigers traded Timmermann to the Cleveland Indians in exchange for Ed Farmer. Timmermann started 15 games for the Indians in 1973 and made 14 relief appearances, finishing with a record of 8-7. Timmermann pitched only four games for the Indians in 1974. He played his final major league game on April 26, 1974. He concluded his professional baseball career in 1974 playing for the Toledo Mudhens and Oklahoma City 89ers. Tom Timmermann Thomas Henry Timmermann (born May 12, 1940) is a former American baseball player. He played professional baseball for 15 years from 1960 to 1974, including six seasons in Major League Baseball as a pitcher for the Detroit Tigers (1969–1973) and Cleveland Indians (1973–1974). He compiled a 35–35 win–loss record and a 3.78 earned run average	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Humphrey Pearson Humphrey Pearson (November 30, 1893 – February 24, 1937) was an American screenwriter and playwright of the 1930s. During his brief career, he penned a Broadway play and 22 screenplays. His promising career was cut short when he was found shot to death, under mysterious circumstances in his home, in early 1937. Pearson was born on November 30, 1893 in Columbus, Ohio. He would break into the film industry in 1929, writing the dialogue and titles to Mervyn LeRoy's "Hot Stuff", which was one of the few films Hollywood produced which was a silent film with sound sequences. Pearson's play, "Shoestring", would serve as the basis for Robert Lord's screenplay "On With the Show!", which in 1929 became the first color sound film. In the next two years Pearson would pen another seven screenplays, including "Bride of the Regiment", starring Vivienne Segal and Allan Prior, and featuring Walter Pidgeon and Myrna Loy; Michael Curtiz' "Bright Lights" (1930); "Going Wild", starring Joe E. Brown, and Walter Pidgeon; and another Mervyn Leroy film, "Top Speed", again starring Joe E. Brown. 1930 would also see Pearson's play, "They Never Grow Up", be produced. It would be the only play written by Pearson produced on Broadway, having a short run at the Theatre Masque, lasting for 24 performances. Its cast included Florence Auer, and Otto Kruger. Between 1931 and 1936 Pearson would be responsible for another fourteen screenplays. These would include "Consolation Marriage", with Irene Dunne and Pat O'Brien; George Archainbaud's "The Lost Squadron", starring Richard Dix, Mary Astor, Robert Armstrong, Joel McCrea, and Erich von Stroheim; "Westward Passage", starring Ann Harding, Laurence Olivier, and ZaSu Pitts; "Face in the Sky", starring Spencer Tracy; 1935's "Ruggles of Red Gap", which stars Charles Laughton, Mary Boland, Charlie Ruggles, ZaSu Pitts, Roland Young, and Leila Hyams, which "The Film Daily" rated one of the ten best films of 1935; and "Red Salute", starring Barbara Stanwyck. Pearson's last screenplay was 1936's "Palm Springs". In February 1937, after a night of drinking, Pearson was killed by a gunshot wound to the chest at his home in Palm Springs, California. His death occurred under mysterious circumstances. Initially, it was not clear whether the death was a suicide or at the hand of his wife, Rive King Pearson, but eventually the Palm Springs chief of police ruled it accidental. Humphrey Pearson Humphrey Pearson (November 30, 1893 – February	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron (soundtrack) Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron is a soundtrack album and the ninth studio album by Bryan Adams and Hans Zimmer to the animated feature . The album was released on May 4, 2002 (see 2002 in music) and includes the European hit, "Here I Am". Both the English and French versions of the album have Bryan Adams as the singer. The German vocals were provided by Hartmut Engler, lead singer of the German pop band Pur. Spanish vocals in the Latin version of the soundtrack were recorded by Mexican singer Erik Rubin and Italian vocals in the Italian version of the soundtrack were recorded by singer Zucchero. In the Spanish version, Raúl Malo also sings several songs. In Brazil, a Portuguese version of the soundtrack was recorded by Brazilian singer Paulo Ricardo. Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron (soundtrack) Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron is a soundtrack album and the ninth studio album by Bryan Adams and Hans Zimmer to the animated feature . The album was released on May 4, 2002 (see 2002 in music) and includes the European hit, "Here I Am". Both the English and French versions of the album have Bryan	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Paganello Paganello is a beach ultimate event held over the Easter weekend in Rimini, Italy. The sport competitions which take place during Paganello are the World Beach Ultimate Cup and the Acrobatic Freestyle Paganello. It was in Rimini, at Paganello that Beach Ultimate, the beach version of Ultimate, was invented. Held for the first time in 1991, Paganello has become one of the world's biggest Ultimate events and one of the most popular tournaments internationally. Many of the best European teams as well as many competitive American teams attend Paganello. More than 1,200 athletes from 25 countries attend and play a total of almost 500 games. The tournament takes place over the course of four days, ending on Monday afternoon with the finals of the four divisions: juniors, mixed, women's and men's, played in front of about 10,000 spectators. Paganello Paganello is a beach ultimate event held over the Easter weekend in Rimini, Italy. The sport competitions which take place during Paganello are the World Beach Ultimate Cup and the Acrobatic Freestyle Paganello. It was in Rimini, at Paganello that Beach Ultimate, the beach version of Ultimate, was invented. Held for the first time in 1991, Paganello has become one	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Mangga Besar, Jakarta Mangga Besar is an administrative village of Taman Sari, West Jakarta, Indonesia.This village is adjacent to Jalan Pinangsia road (Glodok) in the north, Ciliwung River to the west, "Tankgi" to the east and Jalan Mangga Besar road in the south. The neighbor-hood is a popular nightlife destination in Jakarta. Historically, the area is one of the first 'lokalisasi' area of the Batavian era. In the past, the Batavian community knew PSK as 'cabo', which was adapted from 'caibo' - a mandarin term for ladies of the night. Visitors were VOC officials and Chinese traders. Population of this neighborhood are predominantly ethnic Chinese Indonesian like the adjacent Chinatown of Glodok. There are at least 3 Chinese temples within the neighborhood. Vihara Avalokitesvara. temple was built in 1936, has altars of Buddha and Guan Yin (Goddess of Mercy). Husada Hospital, which was previously known as Jang Seng Le is located in the area, was established in 1924, making it one of the longest-serving hospitals in Jakarta. Mangga Besar is famous as a notorious nightlife area of Jakarta. Numerous bars, nightclubs, karaoke, cafe, massage parlors and sex-hotel located in the area. "Lokasari Plaza" is a shopping mall which also houses many nightclus, bar, karaoke and massage parlor. Not only notorious as the center of nightlife, Mangga Besar is also known for its tempting eateries. A variety of Chinese food and also a variety of food from the Indonesian archipelago under influence of Chinese culture, which is the very unique and interesting about foods of Mangga Besar. Chinese dishes made from dog, turtle, cobras, frogs and lizard meat can be found here. The area is served by TransJakarta corridor 1, Blok M-Kota route. Mangga Besar railway station of Jakarta metro rail is located in the neighborhood. Mangga Besar, Jakarta Mangga Besar	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
German submarine U-1063 German submarine "U-1063" was a Type VIIC/41 submarine of Nazi Germany's "Kriegsmarine" during World War II. Her keel was laid down on 17 August 1943 by Germaniawerft in Kiel. She was commissioned on 8 July 1944 with "Kapitänleutnant" Karl-Heinz Stephan in command. German Type VIIC/41 submarines were preceded by the heavier Type VIIC submarines. "U-1063" had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to . The submarine had a maximum surface speed of and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for at ; when surfaced, she could travel at . "U-1063" was fitted with five torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one SK C/35 naval gun, (220 rounds), one Flak M42 and two C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty. On her first patrol "U-1063" was sunk on 15 April 1945 in the English Channel east of Land's End, south of Bigbury, Devon, in position , by squid depth charges from the British frigate . 29 of the crew were killed, there were 17 survivors. She lies at a depth of . German submarine U-1063 German submarine "U-1063" was a Type VIIC/41 submarine of Nazi Germany's "Kriegsmarine" during World War II. Her keel was laid	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Kārlis Skrastiņš Kārlis Skrastiņš (July 9, 1974 – September 7, 2011) was a Latvian professional ice hockey player. Skrastiņš was drafted by the Nashville Predators of the National Hockey League in 1998 as a defenceman and spent twelve years in the league playing for the Predators, the Colorado Avalanche, the Florida Panthers, and the Dallas Stars. For the 2011-2012 season, Skrastiņš left the NHL and signed a contract to play in Russia for Lokomotiv Yaroslavl of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). However, he never got to play a game for Lokomotiv as he was killed in the Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash that killed almost the entire team on September 7, 2011. Skrastiņš was drafted by Nashville Predators with the 230th pick in the ninth round of 1998 NHL Entry Draft. On October 15, 2002, against the New York Islanders, he scored a 5-on-3 shorthanded goal. He played for Nashville for five seasons until being traded to the Colorado Avalanche in 2003. On February 8, 2007, he played in his 487th consecutive game to pass Tim Horton for the longest playing streak in NHL history for a defenceman. Skrastiņš' streak ended at 495 games, when he missed a February 25, 2007 game against the Anaheim Ducks with a knee injury. He had previously missed only one other game due to injury in his career — against St. Louis on February 18, 2000, with a minor shoulder injury. The streak led to him being given the nickname "Ironman". In his fourth season with the Avalanche in 2007–08, he was traded to the Florida Panthers for Ruslan Salei on February 26, 2008. In his first full season with the Panthers in 2008–09, Skrastiņš scored a career high 18 points in 80 games. On October 16, 2008, he played his 600th career NHL game against the Minnesota Wild and on November 1, 2008, he scored his 100th point in his NHL career in a 3–2 loss fittingly against his original club, the Nashville Predators. On July 2, 2009, he was signed by the Dallas Stars to a two-year contract worth $2.75 million. He scored his only two goals of the 2009–10 season, including the game winner, on December 19 in a 4–3 Stars victory over the Detroit Red Wings. On May 17, 2011, after eleven seasons in the NHL, Skrastiņš left to sign a contract with Russian team, Lokomotiv Yaroslavl. On September 7, 2011, he was killed, when a Yakovlev Yak-42 passenger aircraft, carrying nearly his entire Lokomotiv team, crashed just outside Yaroslavl, Russia. The team was traveling to Minsk to play their opening game of the season, with its coaching staff and prospects. Lokomotiv officials said "'everyone from the main roster was on the plane plus four players from the youth team.'" Kārlis Skrastiņš Kārlis Skrastiņš (July 9, 1974 – September 7, 2011) was a Latvian professional ice hockey player. Skrastiņš was drafted by the Nashville Predators of the National Hockey League in 1998 as a defenceman and spent twelve years in the	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Yacovelli v. Moeser The Yacovelli v. Moeser case was a result of a summer reading program for new students implemented by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 2002 that was objected to by several groups and was referred to by the media as the UNC-Qur'an Controversy. Professor Carl W. Ernst of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) was asked if there was a good translation of the Qur'an that would be suitable for its Summer reading program of 2002. The program amounts to reading a short book, writing a short paper, and participating in small group discussion for two hours. He suggested Ernst noted that if it were not available he couldn't recommend one for the program. The book was adopted and the program set. On May 21, 2002, conservative commentator Brit Hume of Foxnews released the first known news story on the forthcoming program followed by NPR on May 29. Early responses from parents directly to the university were generally negative though others said it was a courageous choice. Initially the ACLU and conservative commentators were concerned that a favoritism in religion was being shown. The then Chancellor of UNC, James Moeser, began to appear in various news outlets reporting some of the negative feedback his office had received but supporting the program noting most of the incoming students were assumed to be Christian or Jewish with a comparative lack of understanding Islam and that part of the mission of the university, its "great function", was to help expand understanding of other cultures. In July The O'Reilly Factor covered the controversy followed in August the television shows Good Morning America and Nightline as the time of the reading program approached. Public talking points included whether the effort respected the suffering in light of September 11 attacks or that was an initial approach to the subject of Islam, a natural subject for review in light of 9-11. Under pressure, the university changed the implementation of the program for the incoming class of 4,200 freshmen and transfer students by asking those who objected to reading the book to write a one-page essay explaining their reasons. Ultimately 2,260 freshmen took part on August 19 (after a court case ruled in favor of the university) in some 160 small group discussions led by one or more of 178 faculty and staff. Significant news coverage began in July and continued through November 2002, while further analysis and recall of the experience continue to be published. A conservative-Christian activist group, the Family Policy Network (FPN), filed suit in the U.S. District Court, Middle District of North Carolina, on July 22, 2002, representing several students who were allowed to remain anonymous seeking a preliminary injunction to keep UNC from conducting its summer program, alleging that it violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment and abridged students' rights to free exercise of religion by obliging them to study Islam against their will. The case was entitled "Yacovelli v. Moeser" (after James Yacovelli, an FPN spokesman, and James Moeser, the UNC Chancellor). The plaintiffs also asserted that the university through choosing Michael Sells book had misrepresented Islam by not by focusing on its more controversial elements. The university countered that the implementation of allowing students who objected to the reading were allowed to submit a single page report with their reasoning and thereby opt out of reading the book, but still participate in the discussions, insured that there was no violation of the Constitution and sought to continue with the program. The court ruled in favor of UNC, and FPN appealed to the 4th Circuit Court of Appeals, ["Yacovelli v. Moeser", Aff'd, Case No. 02-1889, (4th Cir., Aug. 19, 2002)] but lost again. Between the case and its first appeal North Carolina state government representative J. Sam Ellis was among those that sought to limit funding for the summer reading program when on August 7 the House Appropriations Committee voted to bar public funds for use in UNC's 2002 summer reading program, unless "all known religions are given equal treatment." This proviso was removed when the state budget finally passed in mid-September. The overall conclusion of Chief Judge N. Carlton Tilley, Jr., was that the book was strictly academic, not religious in nature, and therefore did not amount to a religious activity despite claims that listening to the CD exposes students to "the spell cast by a holy man of Islam" for example. The judge ended his analysis with an application of the "Lemon test" deriving from the "Lemon vs. Kurtzman" court case. Chief Judge Tilley said: Approaching the Qur'an" simply cannot be compared to religious practices that have been deemed violative of the "Establishment Clause", such as posting the Ten Commandments, reading the Lord's Prayer, or reciting prayers in school. The book does include surahs, which are similar to Christian Psalms. However, by his own words, the author endeavors only to explain Islam and not to endorse it. Furthermore, listening to Islamic prayers in an effort to understand the artistic nature of the readings and its connection to a historical religious text does not have the primary effect of advancing religion. The university's lawyers observed that the U.S. Supreme Court endorsed the academic study of religion in public schools and universities when Justice Tom C. Clark in 1963 declared, "one's education is not complete without a study of comparative religion or the history of religion and its relationship to the advancement of civilization." Based on this as it applies to the Qur'an specifically, university officials then argued that, in addition to being constitutionally permissible, one's education is not complete without a study of the Qur'an (as well as the history of Islam) and its relationship to the advancement of civilization. A revised challenge by the American Family Association's Center for Law and Policy, who had represented FPN all along, was filed in 2004, ["Yacovelli v. Moeser", 2004 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 9152, (M.D.N.C. May 20, 2004)] which also lost on appeal, [Motion granted by, dismissed by "Yacovelli v. Moeser", 324 F. Supp. 2d 760, 2004 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 12815 (M.D.N.C., July 7, 2004)] addressed various challenges of presenting material online related to the program by ruling it was in fact just focused on presenting the program rather than religious instruction. UNC's own count of news coverage includes some 41 days, with some days having many news stories – for example, August 28 has 31 instances of coverage. On August 27, C-SPAN covered Chancellor Moeser's speech at the National Press Club. He noted many of the objections his office had received. In addition to those already mentioned, many other news outlets covered the controversy, including "The Daily Show with Jon Stewart". Yacovelli v. Moeser The Yacovelli v. Moeser case was a result of a summer reading program for new students implemented by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 2002 that was objected to by several groups and was referred to by the media as the UNC-Qur'an Controversy. Professor Carl W. Ernst of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) was asked if there was a good translation of the Qur'an that would be suitable for its Summer	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Arbeatha Park Arbeatha Park is a sub-neighbourhood of Lynwood Village, which is in turn a sub-neighbourhood of Bells Corners in the west end of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Bounded to the west is Moodie Drive, north is Old Richmond Road, east is Lynwood Village and south is a forest owned by the city of Ottawa. The neighbourhood is the second area to be developed in Bells Corners from 1955–1958. Later in the 1970s more townhouses were built on Old Richmond Road. It is home to Arbeatha Park located on Arbeatha Street. A mosque called Jamiatul Muslemeen is on Moodie Drive. It was home to D. Aubrey Moodie Public School, which was Bell Corners' junior high school ranging from grades 6–8. D.A.Moodie Public School was closed in 2017. Arbeatha Park Arbeatha Park is a sub-neighbourhood of Lynwood Village, which is in turn a sub-neighbourhood of Bells Corners in the west end of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Bounded to the west is Moodie Drive, north is Old Richmond Road, east is Lynwood Village and south is a forest owned by the city of Ottawa. The neighbourhood is the second area to be developed in Bells Corners from 1955–1958. Later in the 1970s more townhouses	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Symphony No. 9 (Myaskovsky) Nikolai Myaskovsky wrote his Symphony No. 9 in E minor, Op. 28, between 1926 and 1927. It was dedicated to Nikolai Malko. The symphony is in four movements: Myaskovsky made the first sketches of the ninth symphony in the summer of 1926 in Tutschkowo. At this time he was not sure whether the work would become a symphony or a suite. He called it an "undefinable music-beast". Then in November Myaskovsky undertook his only journey abroad, which led him first to Warsaw to the inauguration of the Chopin monument and afterwards to Vienna. There he met the director of Universal Edition, A. I. Dsimitrowski, in order to sign a contract over the publication of his chamber music. Myaskovsky however ran fast back to Russia, in order to worry his pupils hard and continue working over his compositions. In Moscow he prepared in the summer the sketches to the drafts of a symphony, and afterwards he dedicated himself to the conception of the tenth symphony. Only after he orchestrated the ninth symphony, were both works finished. The relatively large-scale symphony is again in four movements, and again, as with symphonies 6 and 8, the positions of the Scherzo and the slow movement are exchanged from their usual spots. The music harmonically and melodically resembles the seventh symphony, and stands in contrast to the tenth as the seventh does the sixth. The character is predominantly dreamy and lyric, the tensions of the earlier symphonies are missing. Myaskovsky had been occupied in this time more closely with the music of Claude Debussy, and from Sergei Prokofiev had been able from Paris to acquire some scores. In Debussy he admired the manner of representing "the lovely breathing of nature" in his music. The topic material is arranged uncomplicated and based to a large extent on folk songs or folk song-like melodies. Myaskovsky used rich polyphony, but nevertheless the music remains always transparent. Some melodies and motives are, further, heard throughout the entire piece, more so than in Myaskovsky's earlier symphonies. The first movement begins with dissonant chords, which create a mysterious atmosphere. Only the last one of these chords has a clear kind of tonality rooted in E minor, and introduces the second theme, which is marked with "Moderato malinconico". This melody is contrapuntally varied with the first theme (the theme associated with the dissonant chords). Still later there is a new theme in triplets in the woodwinds. In the middle of the first movement is a sort of trio in C major, which already anticipates the main theme of the second movement. The reprise brings all parts together and ends with a clear calm, in which isolated fragments of the melodies ring out. The second movement, a sort of scherzo, is a sonata form with an altogether brighter tendency than the first movement. Its second theme, which is songful and dance-like, follows the main theme, which was to be heard in the first movement. The remainder of the movement follows the formal example, but towards the end becomes rather bitter and astringent. S. Gulinskaja describes the theme of the third movement as "of the most beautiful and most intimate melodies of Myaskovsky". Motives from the first movement are to be heard during its progress. The finale is a rondo with another dance-like second theme, not quite as light of step as that of the second movement; it concludes with its second theme incredibly inflated, the tempo slowed, and a crashing halt. Motives from the first and second movements are repeated during the finale. The ninth and tenth symphonies were premiered on 29 April 1928, the ninth premiered under the direction of Konstantin Saradzhev. (The tenth was premiered by the conductorless orchestra Persimfans.) The symphony was a success, whether or not it is among the composer's more significant works. Myaskovsky had called it from the beginning "symphonic Intermezzo" and to the tenth symphony had started to attach more meaning nearly at the same time. The composer was nevertheless very content with this work, according to his opinion it was his first "for orchestras easily playable and practicable(?)" work. Nikolai Malko, who had premiered his 5th Symphony, was the dedicatee. Symphony	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Santiago Lanzuela Marina Santiago Lanzuela Marina (Teruel, Spain, 27 September 1948) is a Spanish politician who belongs to the People's Party (PP) and who previously served as President of the Government of Aragon, one of the Spanish regional administrations. An economist by profession, Lanzuela is married with two children. In 1974 he became head of the office for Spanish co-operation with Nicaragua and then served as a director in the Spanish Employment Ministry from 1976 to 1981. In 1987 he was elected to the Aragonese Regional Assembly and in 1989 the PP entered a coalition government with the Aragonese Party (PAR) with Lanzuela serving as Economics Minister until 1993. On 28 May 1995 the PP received the most votes in the Aragonese regional elections and as lead PP candidate, he was elected President of Aragon. Although the PP increased their number of votes and seats in the 1999 elections, the PAR instead backed the candidate of the rival Spanish Socialist Workers' Party for President. At the 2000 General Election he was elected to the Spanish Congress, representing Teruel province and was re-elected at the subsequent elections in 2004 and 2008. Santiago Lanzuela Marina Santiago Lanzuela Marina (Teruel, Spain, 27 September	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Joan Dingley Joan Marjorie Dingley, (14 May 1916 – 1 January 2008), was one of the pioneer women of New Zealand science. She worked for the DSIR Plant Diseases Division from 1941 to 1976, becoming the head of mycology. She was a major research scientist in New Zealand for both laboratory and field-based plant pathology, and for taxonomic mycology. Her research interests lay with the taxonomy of ascomycetes, especially the Hypocreales. She rapidly became a world authority on these fungi. About 30 species of fungi have "dingleyae" as their species name, and the genus "Dingleya" was also named after her. She wrote a major, comprehensive list of New Zealand plant diseases, published in 1969. Dingley developed the New Zealand Fungal Herbarium, building specimen numbers from 4,000 to 35,000 by the time she retired. Dingley also had a love for horticulture and gardening. She was a prime mover in the establishment of the Auckland Regional Botanic Gardens, and became an honorary life member of the ‘Friends’ of the gardens. Dingley was awarded an honorary DSc by Massey University in 1994. She was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 1995 Queen's Birthday Honours, for services to botany. In 2004, Landcare Research named one of its Auckland laboratories the JM Dingley Microbiology Laboratory in her honour. She attended the naming ceremony. Joan Dingley Joan Marjorie Dingley, (14 May 1916 – 1 January 2008), was one of the pioneer women of New Zealand science. She worked for the DSIR Plant Diseases Division from 1941 to 1976, becoming the head of mycology. She was a major research scientist in New Zealand for both laboratory and field-based plant pathology, and for taxonomic mycology. Her research interests lay with the taxonomy of ascomycetes, especially the Hypocreales. She rapidly became a world	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad The Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad , often shortened to "Rio Grande", D&RG or D&RGW, formerly the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad, was an American Class I railroad company. The railroad started as a narrow-gauge line running south from Denver, Colorado in 1870. It served mainly as a transcontinental bridge line between Denver, and Salt Lake City, Utah. The Rio Grande was also a major origin of coal and mineral traffic. The Rio Grande was the epitome of mountain railroading, with a motto of "Through the Rockies, not around them" and later "Main line through the Rockies", both referring to the Rocky Mountains. The D&RGW operated the highest mainline rail line in the United States, over the Tennessee Pass in Colorado, and the famed routes through the Moffat Tunnel and the Royal Gorge. At its height in the mid-1880s, the D&RG had the largest narrow-gauge railroad network in North America with of track interconnecting the states of Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah. Known for its independence, the D&RGW operated the "Rio Grande Zephyr" until its discontinuation in 1983. This was the last private intercity passenger train in the United States until Brightline began service in Florida in 2018. In 1988, the Rio Grande's parent corporation, Rio Grande Industries, purchased Southern Pacific Transportation Company, and as the result of a merger, the larger Southern Pacific Railroad name was chosen for identity. The Rio Grande operated as a separate division of the Southern Pacific, until that company was acquired by the Union Pacific Railroad. Today, most former D&RGW main lines are owned and operated by the Union Pacific while several branch lines are now operated as heritage railways by various companies. The Denver & Rio Grande Railway (D&RG) was incorporated on October 27, 1870 by General William Jackson Palmer (1836-1909), and a board of four directors. It was originally announced that the new railroad would proceed south from Denver and travel an estimated south to El Paso via Pueblo, westward along the Arkansas River, and continue southward through the San Luis Valley of Colorado toward the Rio Grande. Closely assisted by his friend and new business partner Dr. William Bell, Palmer's new "Baby Road" laid the first rails out of Denver on July 28, 1871 and reached the location of the new town of Colorado Springs (then the Fountain Colony) by October 21. Narrow gauge was chosen in part because construction and equipment costs would be relatively more affordable when weighed against that of the prevailing standard gauge. Palmer's first hand impressions of the Ffestiniog Railway in Wales buoyed his interest in the narrow-gauge concept which would prove to be advantageous while conquering the mountainous regions of the Southwest. Eventually the route of the D&RG would be amended (including a plan to continue south from Pueblo over Raton Pass) and added to as new opportunities and competition challenged the railroad's expanding goals. Feverish, competitive construction plans provoked the 1877–1880 war over right of way with the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. Both rivals hired gunslingers and bought politicians while courts intervened to bring settlement to the disagreements. One anecdote of the conflict recounts June 1879 when the Santa Fe defended its roundhouse in Pueblo with Dodge City toughs led by Bat Masterson; on that occasion, D&RG treasurer R. F. Weitbrec paid the defenders to leave. In March 1880, a Boston Court granted the AT&SF the rights to Raton Pass, while the D&RG paid an exorbitant $1.4 million for the trackage extending through the Arkansas River's Royal Gorge. The D&RG's possession of this route allowed quick access to the booming mining district of Leadville, Colorado. While this "Treaty of Boston" did not exactly favor the purist of original D&RG intentions, the conquering of new mining settlements to the west and the future opportunity to expand into Utah was realized from this settlement. By late 1880 William Bell had begun to organize railway construction in Utah that would become the Palmer controlled Denver & Rio Grande Western Railway in mid-1881. The intention of the D&RGW (aka the "Western") was to work eastward from Provo to an eventual link with westward bound D&RG in Colorado. This physical connection was realized near Green River, Utah on March 30, 1883, and by May of that year the D&RG formally leased its Utah subsidiary as previously planned. By mid-1883, financial difficulties due to aggressive growth and expenditures led to a shake up among the D&RG board of directors, and General Palmer resigned as president of the D&RG in August 1883, while retaining that position with the Western. Frederick Lovejoy would soon fill Palmer's vacated seat on the D&RG, the first in a succession of post Palmer presidents that would attempt to direct the railroad through future struggles and successes. Following bitter conflict with the Rio Grande Western during lease disagreements and continued financial struggles, the D&RG went into receivership in July 1884 with court appointed receiver William S. Jackson in control. Eventual foreclosure and sale of the original Denver & Rio Grande Railway resulted within two years and the new Denver & Rio Grande Railroad took formal control of the property and holdings on July 14, 1886 with Jackson appointed as president. General Palmer would continue as president of the Utah line until retirement (due to company re-organization) in 1901. The D&RG built west from Pueblo reaching Cañon City in 1874. The line through the Royal Gorge reached Salida on May 20, 1880 and was pushed to Leadville later that same year. From Salida, the D&RG pushed west over the Continental Divide at the Marshall Pass and reached Gunnison on August 6, 1881. From Gunnison the line entered the Black Canyon of the Gunnison River passing the famous Curecanti Needle seen in their famous "Scenic Line of the World" Herald. The tracks left the increasingly difficult canyon at Cimmaron and passed over Cerro Summit, reaching Montrose on September 8, 1882. From Montrose, a line was laid north through Delta, reaching Grand Junction in March 1883, which completed a narrow-gauge transcontinental link with the Rio Grande Western Railway to Salt Lake City, Utah. The line from Pueblo to Leadville was upgraded in 1887 to three rails to accommodate both narrow-gauge and standard-gauge operation. Narrow-gauge branch lines were constructed to Crested Butte, Lake City, Ouray and Somerset. The route over Tennessee Pass had steep grades, and it was not uncommon to see trains running with midtrain and rear-end helpers. In 1997, a year after the D&RGW/SP merger with Union Pacific, the UP closed the line. Although it has been out of service for nearly two decades, the rails are still in usable condition, though many of the signals have been ravaged by time and vandals. In 2011, under a federal Beautification Grant, a private contractor removed and scrapped the railroad's overhead signal pole lines. The D&RG also pushed west from Walsenburg, Colorado over La Veta Pass (now "Old La Veta Pass") by 1877. At the time the 'Uptop' depot on Veta Pass, rising over in elevation, boasted the highest elevation for a narrow-gauge railroad. The railroad reached Alamosa by 1878. From Alamosa, a line was pushed south through Antonito eventually reaching Santa Fe, New Mexico (the Chili Line) and west as far as Creede, Colorado. A line containing one of the longest tangent tracks in U.S. railroading () also linked Alamosa with Salida to the north. From Antonito a line was built over Cumbres Pass, along the Colorado-New Mexico border, reaching Durango, Colorado in August 1881 and continuing north to the rich mining areas around Silverton in July 1882. A line was also constructed in 1902 as a standard-gauge line, perhaps in anticipation of possible standard gauging of the entire line, south from Durango, Colorado to Farmington, New	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
on Veta Pass, rising over in elevation, boasted the highest elevation for a narrow-gauge railroad. The railroad reached Alamosa by 1878. From Alamosa, a line was pushed south through Antonito eventually reaching Santa Fe, New Mexico (the Chili Line) and west as far as Creede, Colorado. A line containing one of the longest tangent tracks in U.S. railroading () also linked Alamosa with Salida to the north. From Antonito a line was built over Cumbres Pass, along the Colorado-New Mexico border, reaching Durango, Colorado in August 1881 and continuing north to the rich mining areas around Silverton in July 1882. A line was also constructed in 1902 as a standard-gauge line, perhaps in anticipation of possible standard gauging of the entire line, south from Durango, Colorado to Farmington, New Mexico. Originally hauling mainly agricultural products and serving as a deterrent to the Santa Fe building up from the south, the line was converted to narrow gauge in 1923, and later delivered pipe and other construction materials to the local oil and natural gas industry into the 1960s. Portions of the Alamosa-Durango Line survive to this day. The Walsenburg-Alamosa-Antonito line survives as the standard-gauge San Luis and Rio Grande Railroad, with passenger excursion trains service provided by the Rio Grande Scenic Railroad. Two narrow-gauge segments survive as steam railroads, the Antonito-Chama line as the Cumbres and Toltec Scenic Railroad and Durango-Silverton as the Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad. The D&RG built west from Leadville over Tennessee Pass in an attempt to reach the mining areas around Aspen, Colorado before its rival railroad in the area, the Colorado Midland, could build a line reaching there. The D&RG built a line through Glenwood Canyon to Glenwood Springs, reaching Aspen in October 1887. The D&RG then joined with the Colorado Midland to build a line from Glenwood Springs connecting with D&RG at Grand Junction. Originally considered a secondary branch route to Grand Junction, the entire route from Leadville to Grand Junction was upgraded to standard gauge in 1890, and the original narrow-gauge route via Marshall Pass became a secondary route. The original Denver & Rio Grande Western Railway built a narrow-gauge line from Ogden, Utah via Soldier Summit, Utah to Grand Junction, Colorado. The railroad became the Rio Grande Western Railway in 1889 as part of a finance plan to upgrade the line from narrow gauge to standard gauge, and built several branch lines in Utah to reach lucrative coal fields. It was the railway which Gustaf Nordenskiöld employed to haul boxcars of relics from the Mesa Verde, Colorado, cliff dwellings, in 1891, en route to the National Museum of Finland. In 1901, the Denver & Rio Grande merged with the Rio Grande Western, consolidating in 1908. However, the railroad was weakened by speculators, who had used the Rio Grande's equity to finance Western Pacific Railroad construction. The United States Railroad Administration (USRA) took over the D&RG during World War I. In 1918 the D&RG fell into receivership after the bankruptcy of Western Pacific. The Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad (D&RGW or DRGW) was incorporated in 1920, and formally emerged as the new re-organization of the old Denver & Rio Grande Railroad on July 31, 1921. In 1931, the D&RGW acquired the Denver and Salt Lake Western Railroad, a paper railroad subsidiary of the Denver and Salt Lake Railroad, (D&SL) which had acquired the rights to build a connection between the two railroads. After years of negotiation, the D&RGW gained trackage rights on the D&SL from Denver to the new cutoff. In 1932, the D&RGW began construction of the Dotsero Cutoff east of Glenwood Springs to near Bond on the Colorado River, at a location called Orestod (Dotsero spelled backward). Construction was completed in 1934, giving Denver a direct transcontinental link to the west. The D&RGW slipped into bankruptcy again in 1935. Emerging in 1947, it merged with the D&SL on March 3, 1947, gaining control of the "Moffat Road" through the Moffat Tunnel and a branch line from Bond to Craig, Colorado. Finally free from financial problems, the D&RGW now possessed a direct route from Denver to Salt Lake City (the detour south through Pueblo and Tennessee Pass was no longer required for direct service), but a problem still remained: for transcontinental service, the Union Pacific's more northerly line was far less mountainous (and, as a result, several hours faster). The D&RGW's solution was its "fast freight" philosophy, which employed multiple diesel locomotives pulling short, frequent trains. This philosophy helps to explain why the D&RGW, despite its proximity to one of the nation's most productive coal mining regions, retired coal-fueled steam locomotives as quickly as new, replacement diesels could be purchased. By 1956, the D&RGW's standard-gauge steam locomotives had been retired and scrapped. The reason for this was that unlike steam locomotives, diesel locomotives could easily be combined, using the diesels' multiple unit capabilities, to equip each train with the optimum horsepower which was needed to meet the D&RGW's aggressive schedule. The D&RGW's sense of its unique geographical challenge found expression in the form of the "California Zephyr", a passenger train which was jointly operated with the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad (CB&Q) from Chicago to Denver, the D&RGW from Denver to Salt Lake City, and the Western Pacific Railroad from Salt Lake City to Oakland, California (with ferry and bus connections to San Francisco). Unable to compete with the Union Pacific's faster, less mountainous route and 39-hour schedules, the "California Zephyr" offered a more leisurely journey – a "rail cruise" – with ample vistas of the Rockies. Although the "California Zephyr" ran at full capacity and turned a modest profit from its 1949 inception through the late 1950s, by the mid-1960s the train was profitable only during the late spring, summer, and fall. In 1970, Western Pacific, claiming multimillion-dollar losses, dropped out. However, the D&RGW refused to join the national Amtrak system, and continued to operate its share of the Zephyr equipment as the "Rio Grande Zephyr" between Denver and Salt Lake City until 1983, when Amtrak rerouted the "San Francisco Zephyr" to the Moffat Road line and renamed it the "California Zephyr". Even as the D&RGW exploited the best new standard-gauge technology to compete with other transcontinental carriers, the railroad continued to operate the surviving steam-powered narrow-gauge lines, including the famed narrow-gauge line between Durango and Silverton, Colorado. Most of the remaining narrow-gauge trackage was abandoned in the 1950s and 1960s. At the end of 1970 it operated of road on of track; that year it carried 7733 ton-miles of revenue freight and 21 million passenger-miles. Two of the most scenic routes survived in operation by the D&RGW, until they were sold to tourist railroad operators. The Cumbres and Toltec Scenic Railroad assumed operation of the line between Antonito, Colorado and Chama, New Mexico in 1970. The last D&RGW narrow-gauge line, from Durango to Silverton, was sold in 1981 to the Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad, exactly one hundred years after the line went into operation. In 1988, Rio Grande Industries, the company that controlled the D&RGW under the direction of Philip Anschutz, purchased the Southern Pacific Transportation Company (SP). The D&RGW used Southern Pacific's name with SP due to its name recognition among shippers. In time, the D&RGW's fast freight philosophy gave way to SP's long-established practice of running long, slow trains. A contributing factor was the rising cost of diesel fuel, a trend that set in after the 1973 oil crisis, which gradually undermined the D&RGW's fuel-consuming "fast freight" philosophy. By the early 1990s, the combined Rio Grande/Southern Pacific system had	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
from Durango to Silverton, was sold in 1981 to the Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad, exactly one hundred years after the line went into operation. In 1988, Rio Grande Industries, the company that controlled the D&RGW under the direction of Philip Anschutz, purchased the Southern Pacific Transportation Company (SP). The D&RGW used Southern Pacific's name with SP due to its name recognition among shippers. In time, the D&RGW's fast freight philosophy gave way to SP's long-established practice of running long, slow trains. A contributing factor was the rising cost of diesel fuel, a trend that set in after the 1973 oil crisis, which gradually undermined the D&RGW's fuel-consuming "fast freight" philosophy. By the early 1990s, the combined Rio Grande/Southern Pacific system had lost much of the competitive advantage that made it attractive to transcontinental shippers, and became largely dependent on hauling the high-quality coal produced in the mine fields of Colorado and Utah. D&RGW locomotives retained their reporting marks and colors after the consolidation with the Southern Pacific and would do so until the Union Pacific merger. The one noticeable change was to Southern Pacific's "Bloody Nose" paint scheme. The serif font on the sides of the locomotives was replaced by the Rio Grande's "speed lettering", which was utilized on all SP locomotives built after the merger. On September 11, 1996, Anschutz sold the combined D&RGW/SP system with the parent company Southern Pacific Rail Corporation to the Union Pacific Corporation, partly in response to the earlier merger of Burlington Northern and Santa Fe which formed the Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway. As the Union Pacific absorbed the D&RGW into its system, signs of the fabled mountain railroad's existence are slowly fading away. D&RGW 5371, the only original D&RGW locomotive in full Rio Grande paint on the Union Pacific, was retired by UP in December, 2008. As previously promised by UP, the D&RGW 5371 was donated to the Utah State Railroad Museum at Ogden's Union Station on August 17, 2009, and will reside in the Eccles Rail Center at the south end of the building. The museum is located at 25th Street and Wall Ave in Ogden, Utah. Many other Rio Grande locomotives still run in service with Union Pacific, but have been "patch-renumbered," with a patch applied over the locomotive's number and the number boards replaced. This method allows the locomotives to be numbered into the Union Pacific's roster but is cheaper than fully repainting the engine into UP Armour Yellow. In 2006, Union Pacific unveiled UP 1989, an EMD SD70ACe painted in a stylized version of the DRGW color scheme. This unit is one of several SD70ACe locomotives the UP has painted in stylized colors to help preserve the image of the railroads it has merged; the others are Missouri Pacific Railroad, Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad, Chicago and North Western Railway, Southern Pacific Railroad, and Western Pacific Railroad. The following people served as presidents (or the equivalent) of the D&RGW and its predecessors. This is a partial list of D&RGW passenger trains. Westbound trains had odd numbers, while eastbound trains had even numbers. Many of the trains were named and renamed as well as being re-numbered. There are over 180 names on a complete list of all the railroad's named trains. The Union Pacific acquired all D&RG owned assets at the time of the merger. The UP operates the former D&RGW main line as part of its Central Corridor. However, several branch lines and other assets have been sold, abandoned or re-purposed. These include several presently operating heritage railways that trace their origins to the Denver & Rio Grande Western. Active rail assets tracing their heritage to the D&RGW that are not part of the Union Pacific network today include: The largest collection of surviving "California Zephyr" equipment can be found at the Western Pacific Railroad Museum at Portola, California, although this museum focuses on the Western Pacific Railroad, rather than the Rio Grande. Museums that focus on the D&RG include: Museums using former D&RG depots as buildings include: Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad The Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad , often shortened to "Rio Grande", D&RG or	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Charlie Tidwell Charles 'Charlie' Tidwell (March 30, 1937 – August 28, 1969) was an American track athlete who was one of the best sprinter/hurdlers in the world in the years 1958–60. He was denied a chance to run in the 1960 Olympics by injury. His life was cut short at 32 years of age when he shot himself to death after killing his wife following a violent quarrel between the two. Tidwell was a native of Independence, Kansas, where he was a star athlete at his high school. The highlight was a national junior record for the 180 y low hurdles in 1955. After graduating high school he attended Kansas University. Tidwell was an outstanding sprinter for his college track team, the Kansas Jayhawks, winning five NCAA individual titles: so helping the team win back-to-back NCAA team titles in 1959 and 1960. In the 1958 NCAA championships, Tidwell set a world best time in the 220 y hurdles. Tidwell also won the Kansas Relays 100 y race in 1959 and 1960, winning Athlete of the Meet in 1959, and for this was honored as an inductee in the Kansas Relays Hall of Fame in 2005. Tidwell's form meant he was one of the favourites to going into the United States Olympic Trials to qualify for the 100 and 200 m at the 1960 Rome Olympics. However, an injury suffered at the trials ruined his qualification chances. Tidwell had qualified first in his heat for the final of the 100 m. In the final, Tidwell had one false start. When the race finally got underway a pulled muscle at 50 m prematurely ended his race. The injury forced him to scratch from the 200 m trial event. Tidwell achieved five world best times during his career - none were ratified as world records by the IAAF: In 1962, Tidwell tried out with the National Football League team the Minnesota Vikings. However, his try out was unsuccessful and he was cut from the squad later that year. In August 1969, Tidwell was involved in a domestic tragedy that led to the death of both himself and his estranged wife, Karen. Reports state that he shot his wife at the house of one of her neighbors, then turned the gun on himself after a violent quarrel. The incident took place in Denver, Colorado where Tidwell and his wife were living at the time. Tidwell was ranked among the best in the USA and the world in both the 100 m/100 y and 200 m/220 y sprint events in 1959 and 1960, according to the votes of the experts of "Track & Field News". Charlie Tidwell Charles 'Charlie' Tidwell (March 30, 1937 – August 28, 1969) was an American track athlete who was one of the best sprinter/hurdlers in the world in the years 1958–60. He was denied a chance to run in the 1960 Olympics by injury. His life was cut short at 32 years of age when he shot himself to death	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Frenchville, Maine Frenchville () is a town in Aroostook County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,087 at the 2010 census: 80 percent are habitual speakers of French, aided by its proximity to French-speaking Quebec and New Brunswick in Canada. The town is home to the general aviation airport Northern Aroostook Regional Airport, Frenchville Railroad Station and Water Tank, and Corriveau Mill. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and is water. The town lies on the south bank of the Saint John River, which forms the international boundary between Maine and New Brunswick, Canada. As of the census of 2010, there were 1,087 people, 459 households, and 346 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 514 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 98.4% White, 0.2% Native American, 0.2% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.8% of the population. There were 459 households of which 25.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.1% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 24.6% were non-families. Of all households 22.0% were made up of individuals and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.73. The median age in the town was 47 years; 20% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.5% were from 25 to 44; 36.8% were from 45 to 64; and 17.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 51.1% male and 48.9% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,225 people, 478 households, and 356 families residing in the town. The population density was 42.9 people per square mile (16.6/km). There were 512 housing units at an average density of 17.9 per square mile (6.9/km). The racial makeup of the town was 99.27% White, 0.08% African American, 0.24% Native American, 0.16% Asian, 0.08% from other races, and 0.16% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.41% of the population. There were 478 households out of which 32.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.7% were married couples living together, 4.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.5% were non-families. Of all households 23.0% were made up of individuals and 9.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.92. In the town, the population was spread out with 23.8% under the age of 18, 5.1% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 26.4% from 45 to 64, and 16.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.3 males. The median income for a household in the town was $33,214, and the median income for a family was $39,643. Males had a median income of $39,423 versus $20,625 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,127. About 7.9% of families and 9.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.3% of those under age 18 and 12.4% of those age 65 or over. Frenchville, Maine Frenchville () is a town in Aroostook County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,087 at the 2010 census: 80 percent are habitual speakers of French, aided by its proximity to French-speaking Quebec and New Brunswick in Canada. The town is home to the general aviation airport Northern Aroostook Regional Airport, Frenchville Railroad Station and Water Tank, and Corriveau Mill. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and is water. The town lies on the south bank of	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
The Mandalorian The Mandalorian is an upcoming American space opera web television series that is scheduled to premiere on Disney+. Set in the "Star Wars" universe created by George Lucas, the series will take place after the events of "Return of the Jedi" and before "", and follows a lone Mandalorian gunfighter beyond the reaches of the Republic. Jon Favreau is expected to serve as a writer for the series and executive produce alongside Dave Filoni, Kathleen Kennedy, and Colin Wilson. The series stars an ensemble cast featuring Pedro Pascal, Gina Carano, Nick Nolte, Giancarlo Esposito, Emily Swallow, Carl Weathers, Omid Abtahi, and Werner Herzog. "The Mandalorian" takes place "after the fall of the Empire and before the emergence of the First Order" and follows "a lone gunfighter in the outer reaches of the galaxy far from the authority of the New Republic." In February 2010, details were released about a potential live-action "Star Wars" television series being developed by George Lucas. The series was described as "gritty and dark" and was expected to feature both minor characters and more major ones including Boba Fett, C-3PO, and Emperor Palpatine. Lucas described the series at the time saying, "It's [a] lot more talky. It's more of what I would call a soap opera with a bunch of personal dramas in it. It's not really based on action-adventure films from the '30s—it's actually more based on film noir movies from the '40s!" In June 2012, further details regarding the series were released by executive producer Rick McCallum in an interview with Den of Geek where he revealed that the series had been in development since early 2009 and that over 50 scripts had been produced in ensuing years. He explained that most of the scripts were in their second drafts but, due to their complex content, were currently financially prohibitive to produce. In January 2013, following the sale of Lucasfilm to The Walt Disney Company in December 2012, then-president of the ABC television network Paul Lee spoke to the current status of the series commenting that "We’d love to do something with Lucasfilm, we’re not sure what yet. We haven’t even sat down with them. We’re going to look at [the live-action series], we’re going to look at all of them, and see what’s right. We weren’t able to discuss this with them until [the acquisition] closed and it just closed. It’s definitely going to be part of the conversation." It was further clarified that Ronald D. Moore had written some of the series' scripts and that extensive art work including character designs, costume designs, and set designs had been developed by concept artists and designers at the design studio of Lucas' Skywalker Ranch. At the time, the creative team had been closely supervised by McCallum and Lucas. In June 2014, more details regarding the Lucas-produced series were revealed such as that series had reportedly been called "Star Wars: Underworld", that additional writers had included Louise Fox and Stephen Scaia, and that the series would have depicted unseen moments from the franchise such as when Han Solo first met Chewbacca and when Lando Calrissian lost the "Millennium Falcon". In December 2015, Lucasfilm president Kathleen Kennedy revealed that the company was still exploring their options with the material that had been produced for the series saying, "No. No, interestingly enough, thats an area we’ve spent a lot of time, reading through the material that he developed is something we very much would like to explore...So our attitude is, we don’t want to throw any of that stuff away. It’s gold. And it’s something we’re spending a lot of time looking at, pouring through, discussing, and we may very well develop those things further. We definitely want to." In January 2016, then-ABC president Lee gave an update on the status Lucasfilm's plans for a live-action "Star Wars" television series saying, "they are focused on their movies." Though the following August, following Lee's replacement with Channing Dungey as ABC president, it was revealed during the annual Television Critics Association's annual summer press tour by Dungey that they were "The conversations with Lucas, we have had conversations with them and will continue to have conversations with them. I think it would be wonderful if we could find a way to extend that brand into our programming." However a month later, Disney–ABC Television Group president Ben Sherwood clarified the state of development of a potential live-action series saying, "Somewhere we hope in a galaxy not too far away there will be a television show that will air on one of our networks. But I wouldn't get anybody's hopes up too high. They have a lot of movies to make between now and then. We are deep into a very productive relationship with Lucasfilm making [Disney XD's] "Star Wars Rebels". And we are in ongoing conversations with them on what is the next Star Wars animated show." On November 9, 2017, it was announced that Disney and Lucasfilm were developing a new live-action "Star Wars" television series for Disney's then-unnamed upcoming streaming service. The announcement was made by Walt Disney Company chairman and CEO Bob Iger while on a quarterly earnings call with investors. On February 6, 2018, it was reported that Iger had revealed during another financial report conference call with investors that multiple "Star Wars" live-action series were actually in development by Disney saying, "We are developing not just one, but a few "Star Wars" series specifically for the Disney direct-to-consumer app. We've mentioned that and we are close to being able to reveal at least one of the entities that is developing that for us. Because the deal isn't completely closed, we can't be specific about that. I think you'll find the level of talent … on the television front will be rather significant as well." On March 8, 2018, it was announced that the forthcoming series would be written and executive produced by Jon Favreau. On May 10, 2018, Favreau confirmed on the red carpet at the world premiere of "" that the series would be set three years after the end of the film "Return of the Jedi", and that half of the scripts for the first season had been completed. On August 5, 2018, it was reported that the series had been budgeted around $100 million dollars for 10 episodes. On October 3, 2018, it was announced that the series had been titled "The Mandalorian" and the show's central premise was revealed. The following day, it was revealed that additional executive producers would include Dave Filoni, Kathleen Kennedy, and Colin Wilson with Karen Gilchrist acting as a co-executive producer. Filoni was also expected to direct the series' first episode with additional directors including Taika Waititi, Bryce Dallas Howard, Rick Famuyiwa, and Deborah Chow. On December 19, 2018, it was announced that Ludwig Göransson would compose the musical score for the series. In November 2018, it was announced that Pedro Pascal, Gina Carano, and Nick Nolte had been cast in starring roles. On December 12, 2018, it was announced that Giancarlo Esposito, Carl Weathers, Emily Swallow, Omid Abtahi, and Werner Herzog had joined the main cast. Principal photography for the series reportedly began during the first week of October 2018 in Southern California. On October 19, 2018, George Lucas visited the set of the series as a birthday surprise for Favreau. On October 25, 2018, it was reported that police were investigating the grand theft of several unspecified items from "The Mandalorian" set at the Manhattan Beach Studios campus in Manhattan Beach, California. On October 4, 2018, the first promotional image from the series was released, featuring a Mandalorian with a rifle. About a week later, Favreau released a photo through his official Instagram account featuring a rifle with a two-pronged barrel, an apparent callback to Boba Fett's weapon in "The Star Wars Holiday Special". The Mandalorian The	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
had joined the main cast. Principal photography for the series reportedly began during the first week of October 2018 in Southern California. On October 19, 2018, George Lucas visited the set of the series as a birthday surprise for Favreau. On October 25, 2018, it was reported that police were investigating the grand theft of several unspecified items from "The Mandalorian" set at the Manhattan Beach Studios campus in Manhattan Beach, California. On October 4, 2018, the first promotional image from the series was released, featuring a Mandalorian with a rifle. About a week later, Favreau released a photo through his official Instagram account featuring a rifle with a two-pronged barrel, an apparent callback to Boba Fett's weapon in "The Star Wars Holiday Special". The Mandalorian The Mandalorian is an upcoming American space opera web television series that is scheduled to premiere on Disney+. Set in the "Star Wars" universe created by George Lucas, the series will take place after the events of "Return of the Jedi" and before "", and follows a lone Mandalorian gunfighter beyond the reaches of the Republic. Jon Favreau is expected to serve as a writer for the series and executive produce alongside Dave Filoni, Kathleen Kennedy, and Colin Wilson. The series stars an ensemble cast featuring	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Tenores di Bitti "Mialinu Pira" Tenore di Bitti "Mialinu Pira" is an Italian ensemble formed in 1995, specialized in the Sardinian cantu a tenore. The Cantu a tenore is a style of polyphonic folk singing characteristic of the Barbagia region of the island, even though some other Sardinian sub-regions bear examples of such tradition. The a cantu a tenore was proclaimed by the UNESCO “Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage” in 2005. The Tenores di Bitti “Mialinu Pira” have a special place among the many groups in Sardinia. Having a style which is slightly less rough than that of other quartets, exemplary researchers in their heritage, impeccable executors with exceptional vocal quality, adorable people, they have reached a level of excellence and of admiration which is without equal in Sardinia and in the whole world. Their frequent performances on so many national television programs are to be remembered. In the last few years they've been touring extensively Europe (France, Germany, Denmark, Norway, Czech Republic, Spain, Belgium, Nederland, Austria, Luxembourg, Slovenia, Swiss, Ireland, Croatia, Serbia, Lithuania, Estonia, Poland, Tunisia, Hungary, United Arab Emirates, Brazil and Japan). It is also remarkable their participation in 2001 to the Christmas Concert in the Vatican for the Pope John Paul II, the concert on May 2009 in the Concertgebouw Theater in Amsterdam and in December in the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem. The Tenores di Bitti “Mialinu Pira”, having performed for so many years, is nowadays considered from music-fans and etno-musicologists the most prominent example of this vocal art. There are many points that make them so special : the cantu a tenore is still well alive in Sardinia performed by many groups, most of them are old singers performing traditional texts. Their young age is a first approach to notice how their sound, harsh and ancestral, is in fact very homogeneous. Their perfect tuning and their powerful sound is very rare today, because this skill needs years of practice and passion to be performed at its best. Another matter to be pointed is their accuracy in choosing lyrics. Both in dancing (lestru, dillu, seriu, passu torrau,) and slow (isterrita, boch'e notte) forms, the lyrics, by famous poets or from misknown contemporary authors, make the repertoire of Tenores di Bitti “Mialinu Pira” an important vehicle of literary transmission. These songs are profane poems speaking about the shepherds and their solitude in touch with the nature, referring to the popular world and its traditions. The religious’ songs are performed in church, in particular moments of the liturgical year (Christmas, Easter or patronal feasts) or during the religious processions through the street of the village of Bitti. The Grobbes and some lullabies for Baby Jesus (su Nenneddu) belong to this repertoire. The Tenores singing (cantu a tenore) is one of the more ancient ways of singing in the Mediterranean area. Nothing about its origins is sure, but the historians maintain that this traditional polyphony goes back to 3000 years ago... The singing is made a cappella by four male voices (oche, mesu oche, bassu and contra), the main feature of this polyphony is represented by bassu and contra because of their guttural and ancestral sound. The Tenores singing from Bitti, in the centre of Sardinia, is a unique vocal style. It immediately succeeds in sounding primitive and strong. It is no mere coincidence that the experts think that it may have had its origin in primitive times as an imitation of nature: the four voices of which the choir is composed is no more than the lowing of cattle, the bleating of sheep and the sound of the wind. These were harmonised and given poetic lyrics of age-old beauty. The guttural use of voices and the typical songs of intonation, cannot be confused with anything else and make this millenary art have great impact. A magic of the human voice. The a Tenore Song was proclaimed by the Unesco “Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage” in 2005. Tenores di Bitti "Mialinu Pira" Tenore di Bitti "Mialinu Pira" is an Italian ensemble formed in 1995, specialized in the Sardinian cantu a tenore. The Cantu a tenore is a style of polyphonic folk singing characteristic of	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Justine Lorton-Radburn Justine Joanna Lorton (born Justine Joanna Lorton 11 March 1974) is an English footballer, and former England international player. A deep–lying forward player, Lorton enjoyed two spells at Arsenal Ladies as well as playing in Iceland and Sweden. Lorton emerged from the Wembley Ladies team managed by John Jones, at the same time as Kelly Smith. Alongside several other promising youngsters, Lorton and Smith won the FA Women's Premier League Cup with Wembley in 1995–96. The following season, Lorton moved to Millwall Lionesses and won both the 1996–97 Premier League Cup and FA Women's Cup, beating old team Wembley in the final of the latter competition. Louise Waller headed the winning goal from Lorton's corner, in front of 3,015 supporters at Upton Park. Lorton moved to Arsenal in 1998. In the 1999 FA Women's Cup final against Southampton Saints, Lorton created both goals in Arsenal's 2–0 win. From 1999 until 2001 Lorton enjoyed three short but productive spells in Icelandic football with Stjarnan, scoring eight goals in a total of 24 appearances. She also played for a Swedish club before returning to England. After joining Charlton Athletic, in March 2003 Lorton hit a late winner from the penalty spot to defeat Arsenal in the FA Women's Cup semi–final and take Charlton into their first final. This was despite "shaking like a leaf" due to nerves. However, Lorton was then on the losing side as The Addicks were soundly beaten by professional Fulham in the final. She finished as Charlton's top goalscorer in the competition with four goals. In 2003–04 Lorton was back with Arsenal and was a 90th-minute substitute as The Gunners recaptured the FA Women's Cup, beating Charlton 3–0 in the final at Loftus Road. On her second debut for Arsenal Lorton scored in a 9–2 win over Tranmere Rovers. Lorton also featured from the bench during Arsenal's run to the 2004–05 UEFA Women's Cup semi–final. After a season with Fulham in 2005–06, Lorton signed for Bristol Academy in summer 2006. In November 2006 she scored in a 5–1 win over Fulham which took Bristol Academy to the top of the FA Women's Premier League table for the first time in the club's history. She signed for Portsmouth in 2009 and scored in Pompey's shock Premier League Cup win over Sunderland in January 2011. She has played at Yeovil Town and now dons the green and white colours of Keynsham Town. As a Millwall Lionesses player, Lorton made her senior England debut as substitute for Sue Smith in a 4–0 friendly win over Scotland at Almondvale Stadium on 23 August 1997. She then replaced Gillian Coultard during a February 1998 3–2 friendly defeat in France and made a third appearance in Hope Powell's first match in charge, a 1–0 home friendly defeat to Sweden in July 1998. Lorton made one competitive appearance during England's unsuccessful Women's World Cup 1999 qualifying attempt, against Romania. In 1999 she featured against Italy in a 4–1 friendly defeat and won a sixth cap as a 53rd-minute substitute for Angela Banks in a 1–0 victory over Denmark. Lorton continued to be selected in the National squad ahead of UEFA Women's Euro 2001, but was not included in the final squad. In July 2013 Lorton married Yeovil teammate Jade Radburn. In late 2016 Lorton filed for divorce. Justine Lorton-Radburn Justine Joanna Lorton (born Justine Joanna Lorton 11 March 1974) is an English footballer, and former England international player. A deep–lying forward player, Lorton enjoyed two spells at Arsenal Ladies as well as playing in Iceland and Sweden. Lorton emerged from the Wembley Ladies	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Red Barn Gallery The Red Barn Gallery, or RBG Belfast, is a photography gallery and exhibition space in central Belfast, Northern Ireland, and the first there to be dedicated to film and analogue based exhibitions. It opened in 2008, but was not constituted as the RBG Arts Group until May 2009. The Red Barn Gallery is one of the latest photography gallery spaces in Belfast. The Red Barn Gallery was converted from a pub by photographer Frankie Quinn, who used a thousand litres of white paint for the job but kept some of the trappings of the pub. The pub was built on the site of and gets its name from an actual barn. After the pub closed in the early 80s, the premises were used as temporary storage space and as a warehouse, or lay empty. It is a not for profit photographic gallery dedicated to the advancement and provision of the photographic arts for public benefit. The gallery's website states, "Our aim is to inspire and educate through exhibitions, projects and workshops with the objective of encouraging the appreciation and improvement of social documentary photography." The gallery is dedicated to the traditional use of film and the principles of minimal post processing use of photo editing software and maintains a core ethos of photography captured in the camera and not heavily edited or altered on a computer. Red Barn Gallery The Red Barn Gallery, or RBG Belfast, is a photography gallery and exhibition space in central Belfast, Northern Ireland, and the first there to be dedicated to film and analogue based exhibitions. It opened in 2008, but was not constituted as the RBG Arts Group until May 2009. The Red Barn Gallery is one of the latest photography gallery spaces in Belfast. The Red Barn Gallery was converted	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Arcadia Machine & Tool Arcadia Machine & Tool, commonly abbreviated to AMT, was a firearms manufacturer from Irwindale, California. The company produced several weapons, primarily clones of existing firearms, but made from stainless steel rather than the traditional steel used for most firearms of the time. AMT was described by the US Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) as one of the "Ring of Fire companies", known for their large-scale manufacture of Saturday night specials. The company filed for bankruptcy after their products were marred with quality and reliability problems, and the assets and trademark were acquired by Irwindale Arms Incorporated (IAI). Later, in 1998, Galena Industries of Sturgis, South Dakota, purchased the company and produced firearms in the style of AMT's until 2001 when Crusader Gun Company (later High Standard Manufacturing Company) of Houston, Texas purchased it. AMT produced the following rifles: Arcadia Machine & Tool Arcadia Machine & Tool, commonly abbreviated to AMT, was a firearms manufacturer from Irwindale, California. The company produced several weapons, primarily clones of existing firearms, but made from stainless steel rather than the traditional steel used for most firearms of the time. AMT was described by the US Bureau of Alcohol,	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
John Mortimer Warfield Air Commodore John "Johnnie" Mortimer Warfield CBE RAF was a bomber pilot during the Second World War, a senior RAF staff officer and commander during the Malayan Emergency in the 1950s and, as an Air Commodore in his final tour, the ninth Commandant of the Royal Observer Corps. Warfield joined the Royal Air Force on 29 December 1930 on a short service commission and commenced training at the RAF Central Depot, RAF Uxbridge and two months later transferred to the No. 2 Flying Training School as a pilot under instruction. On 29 December 1931 he was posted as a pilot in the rank of Pilot Officer to No. 13 Squadron RAF. Promoted to Flying Officer in August 1932 and Flight Lieutenant in April 1936, Warfield was appointed as a flight commander on 13 Squadron before being posted to as a supernumerary officer at the Air Armaments School just three months later. Following his course on 3 July 1937 he was posted as Armament Officer at No. 5 Armament Training Establishment at RAF Penrhos. The following year he was posted overseas to RAF Kalafrana seaplane base on Malta where he was promoted to Squadron Leader. In February 1939, just before the Second World War started, Warfield was appointed as Command Armament Staff Officer at HQ Mediterranean Command at RAF Luqa serving under Air Vice Marshal Hugh Lloyd, a post he held until the spring of 1941 when he was promoted to Wing Commander and appointed as Officer Commanding of the Malta airbase RAF Ta' Qali. In December 1942 Warfield returned to the UK and was appointed as Officer Commanding No. 226 Squadron RAF flying Douglas Boston III twin engined bombers from RAF Wattisham in support of the United States Air Force during daylight raids over Germany. In April 1943 Warfield was promoted in temporary rank of Group Captain and served as the station commander of RAF Wattisham where he remained until near the end of the war, when he was reverted to the rank of Wing Commander briefly. When the war finished he was serving as Senior Officer Administration at Headquarters No 12 Group RAF. Immediately after the war Warfield was involved in the conflict with communist guerrilla forces on the Malayan Peninsula that created the Malayan Union. He was posted as Command Armament Officer at Headquarters Far Eastern Air Command. The following year he was promoted as a substantive Group Captain and appointed as Senior Air Staff Officer (SASO) at Air Headquarters Malaya, later moving to Advance AHQ Malaya. In 1950 Warfield returned to the UK as Officer Commanding RAF Waddington in Lincolnshire. In September 1955 Warfield was promoted to Acting Air Commodore as Air Officer Commanding No. 66 (Scottish) Group RAF. In January 1957 the Air Commodore rank was made substantive and he was appointed as Air Officer Administration at Headquarters British Forces Arabian Peninsula. On 29 June 1959 Warfield took over as Commandant Royal Observer Corps from Air Commodore J H T Simpson. The ROC was Warfield's final service appointment and he retired on 26 June 1961, handing over command to Air Commodore C M Wight-Boycott. John Mortimer Warfield Air Commodore John "Johnnie" Mortimer Warfield CBE RAF was a bomber pilot during the Second World War, a senior RAF staff officer and commander during the Malayan Emergency in the 1950s and, as an Air Commodore in his final tour, the ninth Commandant of the Royal Observer Corps. Warfield joined the Royal Air Force on 29 December 1930 on a short service commission and commenced training at the RAF Central Depot, RAF Uxbridge and two months	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Yau Man Street Yau Man Street (Chinese: 祐民街) connects Greig Road and King's Road in Quarry Bay on Hong Kong Island. Cross-Harbour Route 116's eastern terminus is Quarry Bay (Yau Man Street), and it's the only bus route using the terminus. It's complained by the bus drivers that there are no regulator's room or resting area. At the same time, the serious illegal parking blocked the bus terminus. Mount Parker Cable Car was built in 1892, the starting point is located at the bus terminus on this street. After 40 years' operating, it was demolished. The starting terminus is developed as residential area then. Yau Man Street Yau Man Street (Chinese: 祐民街) connects Greig Road and King's Road in Quarry Bay on Hong Kong Island. Cross-Harbour Route 116's eastern terminus is Quarry Bay (Yau Man Street), and it's the only bus route using the terminus. It's complained by the bus drivers that there are no regulator's room or resting area. At the same time, the serious illegal parking blocked the bus terminus. Mount Parker Cable Car was built in 1892, the starting point is located at the bus terminus on this street. After 40 years' operating, it was demolished. The	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Athol Park, South Australia Athol Park is a north-western suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. It is located in the City of Charles Sturt. The suburb lies at the western end of Grand Junction Road, which also forms its northern boundary. It is bordered to the east by Hanson Road, to the west by Glenroy Street, to the east by Hanson Rd, with Hamilton Road forming the bulk of its southern boundary. The southern portion of Athol Park is residential with a light industrial area in the north. The suburb is home to a large number of Housing Trust homes. In the 1990s, plans were made for the Westwood Urban Renewal project, of which Ferryden Park, Angle Park, Woodville Gardens, and Mansfield Park were also a part. This involved replacing the Housing Trust homes with either private housing or a new townhouse-style housing trust homes. The 2006 Census by the Australian Bureau of Statistics counted 1,307 persons in Athol Park on census night. Of these, 50.3% were male and 49.7% were female. The majority of residents (47.9%) are of Australian birth, with other common census responses being Vietnam (15.1%) and Poland (3.4%). The age distribution of Athol Park residents is similar to that of the greater Australian population. 63.8% of residents were over 25 years in 2006, compared to the Australian average of 66.5%; and 36.2% were younger than 25 years, compared to the Australian average of 33.5%. Athol Park is part of Woodville Ward in the City of Charles Sturt local government area, being represented in that council by Oanh Nguyen and Robert Grant. Athol Park lies in the state electoral district of Cheltenham and the federal electoral division of Port Adelaide. The suburb is represented in the South Australian House of Assembly by Jay Weatherill and federally by Mark Butler. There are shops on Hanson Road. Fawks Reserve is located on Hanson Road. There is also greenspace between Ely and Gateshead streets. Athol Park is serviced by Hanson Road, and Grand Junction Road, which forms its eastern boundary. Athol Park is serviced by public transport run by the Adelaide Metro. The Finsbury railway line used to run parallel to Glenroy Street, mainly to facilitate the industrial activity in the area, but this was removed in 1979 due to industrial decline. The suburb is serviced by the following bus routes: Athol Park, South Australia Athol Park is a north-western suburb	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Lee Hunter (Hollyoaks) Lee Hunter is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, "Hollyoaks", played by Alex Carter. The youngest son of Les (John Graham Davies) and Sally Hunter (Katherine Dow Blyton), he made his first on-screen appearance on 13 May 2001. The character was described as "wayward", a "cheeky chap" and a "wheeler dealer". Carter announced his decision to quit the serial in 2005 to have more free time, filming his departure scenes in October 2005 and departed on-screen 23 December 2005. Carter returned to "Hollyoaks" as a full-time character in September 2010, reintroduced by series producer Paul Marquess, although his comeback scenes aired in internet spin-off "". Upon his return, the character has been described as "a tool", "confident" and "arrogant". In May 2011 it was announced Carter had quit again, in order to pursue other projects. Lee first appears in May 2001 as part as the Hunter family, when he is brought home by the police. Lee gets into trouble at school and starts to fail his exams. This causes his depressed, since his eldest sister Ellie has been disappear in Ibiza for two years, and then she came back to Hollyoaks in 2002. Things get worse for Lee, as his sister Lisa is bullied by Steph Dean, causing her to self-harm, with the help of his parents, Ellie and Dan, Lee supportive Lisa for his entire life. Lee gradually becomes best friends with Bombhead (Lee Otway). Lee is delighted when he starts to make money by schemes, but they often go wrong. Lee grows close to Abby Davies (Helen Noble) and forms a relationship with her. He and Abby continue to fall out and make up. Lee has a fling with Abby's best friend Zara Morgan. Lee proposes to Abby and she accepts before leaving for university in Brighton. Lee becomes miserable after her departure and annoys his friends. He visits Abby and finds her in bed with another man. Lee is devastated when Abby breaks off their engagement. Abby tells him she made a mistake accepting his proposal, while there was more bad news to Lee as his sister Ellie lost her memory and accused their brother Dan for killing her husband Toby, which he turns against her for her actions, alongside with her family, while one year later, Dan died from car explosion, and blames Ellie for what she's did to Dan, and told her, alongside with Lisa that she's not part of the family forever, causing Ellie to leave Hollyoaks. Lee starts a beauty therapy student at Hollyoaks Community College after he fails to enrol in film studies because of his grades. He becomes college president and alienates Bombhead. Lee's opponent Chris Fenwick (Chris Grierson) becomes vice president after he accepts him. Chris tries to manipulate Lee into spending more than what the college fund has. Lee refuses to believe Bombhead when he tells him what Chris is doing. After the revelation, Lee doesn't speak to Bombhead after he thinks that he stole the missing money. Chris and Freddy Watson (Greg Kelly) frame Lee for the fire at the media lab, which Freddy caused. Zara saves Lee when she reveals Freddy's plot to the college council. Lee punches Chris. Lee is expelled from college with Zara, Chris and Freddy. Lee develops feelings for Zara and they become close. Zara decides to do voluntary work in Thailand. Later, Lee and Zara admit their feelings for each other. Lee leaves the village with Zara. Lee returns to the village with Leanne Holiday (Jessica Forrest). Lee re-enrolls at Hollyoaks Community College as a mature drama student. He learns that Darren Osborne (Ashley Taylor Dawson) has also enrolled. Darren tells Lee that Steph Cunningham's (Carley Stenson) cancer is terminal and he tries to avoid her. Steph notices him and they chat. Lee is shocked when Kevin Smith (Cameron Crighton) tells him that Leanne kissed Doug Carter (PJ Brennan) after seeing them. However, he believes Leanne when the group turn against Kevin and say he is a liar. Lee grows close to Amy Barnes (Ashley Slanina-Davies), after helping her college project. After Amy successfully performs her stand-up routine, Lee is shocked when Amy kisses him. Lee tells Leanne that he kissed Amy, but she forgives him. Lee tells her that he wants to spend the rest of his life with her. Lee finds a poster asking for directors to put on a production. Lee takes down the poster and successfully applies for the position. He writes a script naming the play 'MasKara' and casts Jem Costello (Helen Russell-Clark) and Jamil Fadel (Sikander Malik) in the lead roles. Lee also casts Texas Longford (Bianca Hendrickse-Spendlove). Later, Lee gives the cast more control after Jem and Texas complain to Leanne. Lee tries to hang some set up for the production and falls off the ladder, hurting his neck. Due to Lee's absence, Steph takes over the production, making drastic changes and hiring Carmel Valentine as the makeup artist. Lee is keen to see what Steph has changed in the production, but is horrified when he sees the costumes and props. He walks off, but then returns to give the production another go, however begins another argument and eventually upsets Steph after mentioning her cancer. Due to Lee's actions, Jem quits and Lee decides to re-cast the leading part to Amy. On the day of the production, he is forced by the cast members to apologise to Steph and does so. Things however are not sorted, as Darren fails to remember his lines and quits last minute. Lee, with no other options, casts himself as the part that Darren was scheduled to play. The production receives positive feedback from the cheering audience, however Nancy Hayton (Jessica Fox) writes a review which harshly criticises Lee's directing skills. Lee and Amy remain good friends and eventually Lee admits to Amy he believes he should not be marrying Leanne because he is attracted to her. They kiss and fall asleep next to each other, something which Leanne sees. When she moves the wedding forward Lee promises Amy he is going to dump Leanne for her. However the situation changes when Amy is hospitalized after being injured in a fire at Il Gnosh restaurant. Lee then tells Leanne the news but she does not care and tells him that she won't be there if Amy dies, defying him. Lee then goes to visit Steph's family to give them her farewell CD, as she had died in the fire whilst saving Amy and her children. Amy then makes a life-changing decision to leave Hollyoaks and ends her relationship with Lee. He is devastated, and Leanne tricks him into believing that she visited Amy and she wrote him a letter, when in fact, unbeknownst to Lee, Leanne wrote the letter herself in the hope that Lee would take her back. In January, Amy returns to the village and she and Lee reconcile and get engaged. When Amy applies for a teaching job, Lee sees her talking to an older man and getting the wrong impression, angrily confronts him and Amy is angry with Lee for showing her up. Lee also becomes jealous when she befriends Mark "Dodger" Savage (Danny Mac) and when Dodger gives her driving lessons and a false driver's licence, Lee reports him to the police but Amy is arrested and fined. After falling out with Lee over this, Amy later has a one-night stand with Dodger and she later guiltily confesses to Lee. Lee angrily confronts Dodger and a fight breaks out between them which Amy witnesses and she dumps Lee for embarrassing himself and her. After Lee apologizes and forgives her for sleeping with Dodger, he and Amy reconcile and set a date for their wedding. In October 2011, Lee in offered a job in New York City, which he accepts and he and Amy plan to move there with her children, but when Amy's ex-boyfriend Ste Hay (Kieron Richardson), father of her son Lucas, finds out about this, he tells them he won't let them take the children. Lee and Amy then invite him to join them in New York, and he accepts their offer but he could not get a VISA due to his criminal record, Ste then tells them he does not want the children to go and Lee turns down	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Dodger and she later guiltily confesses to Lee. Lee angrily confronts Dodger and a fight breaks out between them which Amy witnesses and she dumps Lee for embarrassing himself and her. After Lee apologizes and forgives her for sleeping with Dodger, he and Amy reconcile and set a date for their wedding. In October 2011, Lee in offered a job in New York City, which he accepts and he and Amy plan to move there with her children, but when Amy's ex-boyfriend Ste Hay (Kieron Richardson), father of her son Lucas, finds out about this, he tells them he won't let them take the children. Lee and Amy then invite him to join them in New York, and he accepts their offer but he could not get a VISA due to his criminal record, Ste then tells them he does not want the children to go and Lee turns down the job offer, much to the shock of Amy and Ste. Amy then buys Lee tickets to New York, so he is able to go. Amy tells Lee she won't be going with him, and Lee leaves on his own in a taxi for the airport. Alex Carter successfully auditioned for the role of Lee Hunter in 2001 and joined the cast of "Hollyoaks" as the youngest son of Les (John Graham Davies) and Sally Hunter (Katherine Dow Blyton) and brother to Ellie (Sarah Baxendale), Dan (Andrew McNair) and Lisa (Gemma Atkinson). The character made his first on-screen appearance on 13 May 2001. In March 2004, the "Sunday Mirror" reported that Lee and the majority of the Hunter family would be axed along with ten other cast members. However Lee and the Hunter family remained in the serial and only six of the fourteen cast members announced were axed. In 2005 it was announced that Carter had quit the serial and would be leaving at the end of his contract. After developing feelings for friend Zara Morgan (Kelly Greenwood) who was leaving the village to do charity work in Thailand, Lee decided to accompany her, making his exit in the episode that aired on 22 December 2005. Speaking of his decision to quit in 2006, Carter said, "It'd been five years, and it was long hours - I was working weekends and things - and realistically I'd had five years out of my life, I just wanted my weekends back. I wanted a bit of a life as well as work." In an interview with "OK!" magazine in 2010, Carter discussed the reasons why he initially quit "Hollyoaks" commenting, "When I left "Hollyoaks" originally, in 2005, I was quite tired and ready to go, because of the schedules." In 2011, Paul Marquess was appointed as the new "Hollyoaks" producer. He planned to give "Hollyoaks" a "shake up", changing the productions team, writing characters out and replacing them with new ones. It was announced on 15 March 2010, that Marquess had decided to reintroduce Lee to the serial as part of his revamp. Carter signed an initial six-month contract with the soap after announcing his decision to leave his role as Jamie Hope in "Emmerdale". In an interview with entertainment website "Digital Spy" about Lee's return, Marquess explained, "He turns up with another character. He's been working as a Gareth Gates impersonator on a cruise ship and he won't just have light stories because Alex is great. He's one of our new students. The thing about our new students is the audience will recognise some of them." Carter revealed that he has previously been in talks with Marquess' predecessor Allan, whom he knew from previously working on the show. In July 2010, it was announced that Carter would make his comeback scenes as Lee in new online spin-off "". Speaking of his appearance in the spin-off, Carter said he was thrilled, commenting, "I'm thrilled to be back and it's really exciting that my first episodes are for the online spin-off." In the same month it was announced that Jessica Forrest had been cast as Lee's girlfriend Leanne Holiday. "Digital Spy" reported that Leanne would also appear in the spin-off before making her first appearance in "Hollyoaks" as a new student. In May 2011 it was announced that Carter had decided to leave the serial in order to pursue other projects. Speaking of his departure, Carter stated: "After ten years in soap, it feels like the right time to find out what else is out there." In May 2004, Carter won the "Best Comedy Performance" award at the 2004 British Soap Awards for his portrayal of Lee, and in July 2005 he was nominated for "Best Actor" at the 2005 National Television Awards. Jon Horsley of Yahoo! said that he would miss Lee after he leaves and said "he’s genuinely funny. His miming of a moustache to mean “must dash” was one of the few things that has made us laugh out loud in soaps." Lee Hunter (Hollyoaks) Lee Hunter is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, "Hollyoaks", played by Alex Carter. The youngest son of Les (John Graham Davies) and Sally Hunter (Katherine	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Sparkle (drink) Sparkle is a lemon-flavored soft drink that was created by the Coca-Cola Company for the islands of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao in the Philippines which successfully competed with Mountain Dew as it has a very similar taste. Sparkle is sold in many stores in the Philippines and is a very popular kids drink. Serving Size 3 - 240ML , 800ML , 200ML Calories 60 Sodium 0 mg Total Fat 60 g Potassium 0 mg Saturated 1 g Total Carbs 0 g Polyunsaturated 1 g Dietary Fiber 0 g Monounsaturated 1 g Sugars 0 g Trans 1g Protein 0 g Cholesterol 200 mg Vitamin A 0% Calcium 0% Vitamin C 0% Iron 1% Sparkle (drink) Sparkle is a lemon-flavored soft drink that was created by the Coca-Cola Company for the islands of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao in the Philippines which successfully competed with Mountain Dew as it has a very similar taste. Sparkle is sold in many stores in the Philippines and is a very popular kids drink. Serving Size 3 - 240ML , 800ML , 200ML Calories 60 Sodium 0 mg Total Fat 60 g Potassium 0 mg Saturated 1 g Total Carbs 0 g Polyunsaturated 1 g	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
FTR (bus) FTR was a British rapid-transit bus system formerly operated in Leeds, Luton, Swansea and York. FirstGroup introduced the system, using 39 Wright StreetCar articulated buses in conjunction with infrastructure upgrades by local authorities. The vehicles were branded as "the future of travel", the operators claiming that "ftr" is Abjadic textspeak for the word "future". The FTR concept is made up of a bundle of simultaneously introduced innovations relating to the vehicle type, its configuration, the fare collection arrangements, consequent changes to infrastructure, and an integrated data-handling system for voice radio, vehicle location, real-time passenger information, on-board displays, vehicle diagnostics, and ticket machine data. Each 'StreetCar' vehicle had a separate driver (or "pilot") compartment, resembling to some extent similar designs in continental Europe. Otherwise the vehicle itself is a modified conventional bus, with styling similar to contemporary trams and trolleybuses and a greater distance between axles to maximise the low-floor area for easily accessible seating. The vehicles are air-conditioned and have tinted windows to enhance the on-board ambience along with ergonomic seating. On-board information is provided using an "infotainment" screen which displays the next FTR stop (in a similar fashion to Transport for London's i-Bus system) and information related to that stop including local attractions/facilities and connecting bus/train routes. The screen also displays advertisements for local businesses. A major difference between FTR and conventional bus services is the method of fare collection. In York, this initially involved purchase of cash fares from a self-service ticket machine or from a conductor, because the design of FTR allows no contact between driver and passengers. This was intended to reduce journey times but problems with ticketing machines resulted in their withdrawal. On the FTR route 4 in Leeds, all passengers bought tickets from, or showed bus passes and permits to, the conductor. Following the cancellation of the Leeds Supertram project, the local passenger transport executive Metro suggested various bus rapid transit options as a replacement, one of which was an FTR service. The FTR system was chosen, and the service ran from early 2007 until autumn 2012, on Route 4 'Olive Line' (part of the Leeds Overground colour-coded network of high frequency First Bus Routes) between Pudsey and Seacroft via City Square. The FTR buses were then refurbished, Wi-Fi installed, and given a new livery branded ‘’Hyperlink’’', ready for a new high-frequency service on route 72 Leeds to Bradford. FTR first operated in York with the conversion of First York's route 4 between Acomb and the University of York. The service began on 8 May 2006, after the city council had made significant and expensive alterations to the road layout to accommodate the new vehicles. The York FTR service was withdrawn in March 2012. Four FTR buses were operated for First Capital Connect by First Northampton, providing a frequent link between the airport and Luton Airport Parkway railway station. These were replaced by Mercedes-Benz Citaro O530Gs, releasing the FTRs for use in Swansea. The use of bigger buses reflects growth in the number of people using the airport rail link, which has more than doubled since the Parkway station opened in 1999. It now carries almost 10 million people a year. The FTR were branded as "train2plane" and ran every 10 minutes, 19 hours a day (05:00 – 00:00), and connect with all trains from London during the night. Swansea gained a similar operation from 1 June 2009 with FTRs running on route 4 in a phased introduction over several months. The service, publicised as "ftrmetro", links Morriston Hospital, Morriston, the City Centre and the University/Singleton Hospital, with five services per hour through the daytime. Extensive streetworks were carried out along the route, including segregated running through the city centre and an "express route" by-passing the busy residential streets of Hafod. The fleet of Wright StreetCar articulated vehicles were removed from Swansea on 28 August 2015; First Cymru cited refurbishment costs as a key factor. Although the articulated vehicles were removed from service, the same route is now served by standard single-deck Wright StreetLite buses and other similar vehicles. The launch of the FTR in York generated almost saturation coverage in the local media. On 10 May 2006 "The Press" devoted four full pages to it, including its front page and a double-page spread of 12 readers' letters, almost all of them hostile. The next day the paper published a defence of the vehicles' teething problems by First York's commercial director, accompanied by another five hostile letters. Another full-page article appeared two days later, and this was followed by national press coverage. On 17 May 2006, councillor Ann Reid was quoted as saying "The majority [of complaints] seem to have come from those who don't live on the route or certainly don't even catch the bus". The student press criticised the FTRs. Student anger was particularly directed at the price of tickets on the FTR, which increased by 20% in 2008 for a single ticket from campus into town. The price problem was resolved when the students' union negotiated a £2 student price for a return ticket from the campus to town. FTR (bus) FTR was a British rapid-transit bus system formerly operated in Leeds, Luton, Swansea and York. FirstGroup introduced the system, using 39 Wright StreetCar articulated buses in conjunction with infrastructure upgrades by local authorities. The vehicles were branded as "the future of travel", the operators claiming that "ftr" is	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Rockville (TV series) Rockville is a South African soap opera created by married couple Connie and Shona Ferguson and produced by their production company, Ferguson Films. The series is written by Phathutshedzo Makwarela, Gwydion Beynon, Linda Bere, Chisanga Kabinga, Pamela Power and Sibusiso Mamba. The show revolves around two different black families-the middle-class Bogatsus and the working-class Mabasos, who have are embroiled in an ongoing feud over a series of misunderstandings and hardships, particularly the one where the patriarch of the Bogatsu family, Jackson "JB" Bogatsu (Shona Ferguson) is secretly a pimp who corrupts innocent girls and make them prostitutes by using the attractive cigar lounge, Club Venus but when the Mabaso matriarch, Mavis' (Connie Ferguson) daughter, Lindi (Mbali Mlotshwa) gets a job as a waitress, JB pimps her into being a prostitute but it leads to an unrequited love that not only tears their families apart, but threaten to change the course of their lives forever as JB will have to confront enemies that threaten his business and family and Lindi and Mavis must face the hardships that threaten their family. Rockville premiered on 19 June 2013 and is broadcast on Mzansi Magic on Sunday at its 8:00 PM timeslot. Each episode plays for 1-hour and the total of the each season is 10-hours. Rockville stars Connie Ferguson, Shona Ferguson, Terry Pheto and Mbali Mlotshwa as well as an ensemble cast which includes Boity Thulo, Brenda Ngxoli, Trevor Gumbi, Sello Sebotsane, Thembsie Matu, Shaleen Surtie-Richards. Due to its success and reception, production began for the second season of Rockville. It premiered on 9 February 2014 with Clint Brink, Dorothy Ann Gould, Stephanie Schildknecht, Nandi Nyembe, Lerato Haji, Masego "Maps" Maponyane and Owen Sejake joining the ensemble cast. Rockville was renewed for a third season which premiered on 4 January 2015. Notable casting changes occurred in the series with Bonnie Mbuli being replaced by Terry Pheto and Sipho Ngwenya's character being taken over by Fezile Makhanya. This season's main theme is the dark side of South Africa, the sacrifices, drama and subterfuge that it takes to get to the top in today's black South Africa. It focused on two families-the middle-class Bogatsus and working-class Mabasos who have an ongoing feud over the misunderstandings and their different backgrounds as well as what their family members have done. From the Mabasos, who live in the township Rockville in Soweto is the formidable matriarch, Mavis Mabaso (Connie Ferguson), whose family ends up in debt thanks to her son Oupa's (Lehasa Moloi) car crash that tests Mavis' strong will for her family and their struggling commitment but is helped by her loyal best friend, Rebecca (Thembsie Matu). From the Bogatsus, who live in the upper class Waterfall suburb is the wealthy patriarch, Jackson "JB" Bogatsu (Shona Ferguson) who owns a high class cigar lounge known as Club Venus where all the wealthy come out to play. However, he really gets his wealthy from a secret high class escort service, where the prostitutes are known as Black Diamonds. The central plot focuses on Mavis' daughter, Lindi (Mbali Mlothswa), who is a law student who dreams big and gets a job as a waitress at Club Venus, which JB uses to his advantage to pimp her but there becomes love at first sight, and it prompts Lindi into becoming a prostitute to help her family but it begins to set conflict between her family and JB's. However, that's not all as an incident in the brothel puts JB's business at risk as the murky world if high class ends up coming out to play when Club Venus is about to be exposed for the lie that they are, which not only threatens JB's precious business that he worked hard to build but it also threatens to cause turmoil within his family as well as Lindi's family. Where she has to confront situations and make choices that she never dreamt of doing, Lindi realizes that every dream has a dark side. As Rockville returns for a second season, the lives of the Mabasos and the Bogatsus have hit a knife edge. This is due to Mavis being the one who shot JB at his and Dudu's (Bonnie Mbuli) wedding anniversary and as JB is fighting for his life, Mavis is reeling after what she has done, while Oupa will do anything to protect his mother. This causes Mavis' daughter Lindi to leave and continue work as a prostitute. After Mavis is released from jail, her moral values are again put to the test as she still regrets what she has done but seeks help from Paster Morake (Sello Sebotane) and Sis Rebecca, however when Lindi refuses to go back home, the arrival of Mavis' old friend, Gladys (Brenda Ngxoli) a divorcee drunkard leads Mavis to go astray with alcohol, threatening to tear apart her family and ruin her religious values. Meanwhile, after JB is alive, he finds himself fighting for the control of Club Venus with the club's original founder. The ruthlessly diabolical Frankie who will do anything to beat JB while JB not only has to deal with some financial difficulties, but the arrival of his estranged father, gangster Cassius (Owen Sejake) possibly stirs trouble within JB's family. However, even though JB does not want anything to do with him, Cassius quickly commit a deadly salvation when he kills Frankie, leading JB to rule Club Venus again now that Frankie and Mike (Luthuli Dlamini) are dead. However, the fight for Club Venus and the brothel forces him to confront Frankie's vengeful son, Trevor (Clint Brink) who'll do anything to get what he wants and to rule his mother's business and will go so far as to even use JB's innocent daughter Mpho (Boity Thulo) as bait. However, when Trevor is dead, JB is forced to confront his father which will not only lead to a destroyed bond but it also threatens to make him do something that will tear apart his family. Rockville has been renewed for a third seasons which has been released on 4 January 2015, where this season's main theme focuses on the characters confronting their inner demons and the reckoning, not around their families, their friends but within themselves. The season follows up after the events of Jackson's shooting. He now live in Alex when his wife and children abandon him and leave him broke. He is also dumped by Lindi who give birth to a baby boy on the season premier. Vicky returns after her son is taken by her family and they organise a heist in order to reopen a strip club which proves to be a success but they also catch the attention of a corrupt politician Rolex Ngidi (Sello Maake Ka-Ncube). Rockville (TV series) Rockville is a South African soap opera created by married couple Connie and Shona Ferguson and produced by their production company, Ferguson Films. The series is written by Phathutshedzo Makwarela, Gwydion Beynon, Linda Bere, Chisanga Kabinga, Pamela Power and Sibusiso Mamba. The show revolves around two different black families-the middle-class Bogatsus and the working-class Mabasos, who have are embroiled in an ongoing feud over a series of misunderstandings and hardships, particularly the one where	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
I Believe (Sounds of Blackness song) "I Believe" is a 1994 single by Sounds of Blackness. The single was produced by Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis and was written by the duo along with: Marvin R. Pierce, Ralph Middlebrooks, Eugene Marshall Jones, Clarence Satchell, Gregory Allen Webster and Walter Junie Morrison. The single is a track off the group's, "Africa to America: The Journey of the Drum" album. "I Believe" was the group's sixth release to make the US soul chart, peaking at #15, and their only Hot 100 release, where it went to #99. "I Believe" was the group's second number on the US dance chart, where it spent one week at the top. The single samples Ohio Players 1971 recording, "Pain". I Believe (Sounds of Blackness song) "I Believe" is a 1994 single by Sounds of Blackness. The single was produced by Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis and was written by the duo along with: Marvin R. Pierce, Ralph Middlebrooks, Eugene Marshall Jones, Clarence Satchell, Gregory Allen Webster and Walter Junie Morrison. The single is a track off the group's, "Africa to America: The Journey of the Drum" album. "I Believe" was the group's sixth release to make	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Louis-Philippe Loncke Louis-Philippe Loncke, is a Belgian explorer, adventurer and motivational speaker. In 2008, he achieved the world first crossing on foot of the length of the Simpson desert, which was a North to South traverse passing through its geographical center. In 2018, he traverses Tasmania during the austral winter without resupplies and is nicknamed the "Mad Belgian" by Australians Loncke was born in Mouscron, Belgium to a family of furniture makers. He studied engineering in Brussels at , a master in Industrial management in KU Leuven and treasury management at the University of Antwerp Management School. Loncke started his career as logistic manager. Since 1999, he has built experience in over 10 corporate companies in various positions. He has been working as management consultant since 2007 mainly in IT. The skills he built in the challenging corporate world allow him to plan efficiently his expeditions. He is also self-taught in photography, SEO, marketing and communications. Since 2006, he is volunteering at NGO Art in All of us and was elected member of the board of directors in 2010. Loncke started traveling alone in 2000. In 2002, he was sent to Singapore for work and learned scuba diving. To fulfill this passion he traveled for a year in Oceania between 2004 and 2005. He started hiking and heard about adventurers and explorers; and became interested after seeing the world acclaimed film Alone across Australia. Back in Belgium, he met author and adventurer Sylvain Tesson who encouraged him to continue and Louis-Philippe left again in 2006 to Australia to start his first three expeditions. His first solo unresupplied traverse of the Tasmanian Wilderness was undoubtedly the most epic of all three and brought him the first sponsors and recognition among Australian explorers. After a year in Australia, he went back to Belgium and started planning for a series of several world first expeditions, the first being to attempt crossing the Simpson desert on its longest distance. He has organised charity expeditions involving media buzz including the highest chocolate tasting on Everest. In July 2010, he trekked across Iceland between its extreme latitude from North to South. He spoofed an Icelandic promotional video that got viral in Iceland. He has announced a return to Iceland to attempt doing the journey during the winter. Both his Simpson and Iceland expeditions involved a science program of the MSH of Paris named "Stress and decision taking in extreme environment". On 4 August 2018 he started an attempt to traverse Tasmania unsupported in winter. Louis-Philippe Loncke Louis-Philippe Loncke, is a Belgian explorer, adventurer and motivational speaker. In 2008, he achieved the world first crossing on foot of the length of the Simpson desert, which was a North to South traverse passing through its geographical center. In 2018, he traverses Tasmania during the austral winter without resupplies and is nicknamed the "Mad Belgian" by Australians Loncke was born in Mouscron, Belgium to a family of furniture makers. He studied engineering in Brussels at , a master in	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Poland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1998 Poland was represented by the band Sixteen, with the song "To takie proste", at the 1998 Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 9 May in Birmingham. The song was chosen internally by broadcaster TVP. On the night of the final Sixteen performed 7th in the running order, following Slovakia and preceding and preceding eventual contest winners Israel.Pre-contest "To takie proste" was rated as an amiable if unspectacular pop song, unlikely to inspire strong feelings either way and therefore equally unlikely to inspire a great many of the European public to pick up their telephones in the first full year of Eurovision televoting. This was indeed the case, as at the close of voting "To takie proste" had picked up only 19 points (10 from Romania, 5 from Germany and 2 each from France and Hungary, and of these countries, Romania and Hungary used juries), placing Poland 17th of the 25 entries, only narrowly avoiding relegation from the 1999 contest. The 12 points from the Polish televote were awarded to Belgium. Poland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1998 Poland was represented by the band Sixteen, with the song "To takie proste", at the	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Roman Catholic Diocese of Jaca The Diocese of Jaca is an episcopal see in the northeastern Spanish province of Huesca, part of the autonomous community of Aragón. The diocese is subordinate to the Archdiocese of Pamplona y Tudela. Jaca originally belonged to the diocese of Huesca, but after the Moorish conquest of Huesca in 713 its bishops, (known as the itinerant "Bishops of Aragon"), moved to Aragon. The episcopal see was established in Jaca during 1063–96, then moved back to Huesca after king Pedro I of Aragon retook the city from the Moors in November 1096. The diocese of Jaca was created in 1572, carved out of the diocese of Huesca. The city of Jaca, capital of the mountainous "comarca" of Jacetania, lies some 820 metres above sea-level on the left bank of the Aragon River, a tributary of the Ebro, . Jaca cathedral is dedicated to [Saint Peter]. Consecrated in the late 11th century and altered in the 15th–18th centuries, it is Romanesque in its architectural style. The church of San Adrián de Sasabe, in Sasabe (also in Huesca province) was an earlier diocesan cathedral. A religious and civil festival is held on the first Friday of May, locally referred to as ""Primer Viernes de Mayo"", in memory of a victory said to have been won over the Moors in the 8th century by Count Aznar aided by the women of Jaca. It is celebrated with a solemn procession in which the entire cathedral chapter takes part. There are many hermitages around Jaca, but none more interesting than that of San Juan de la Peña, esconced within a cave in the Pyrenees. This shrine was also a monastery, royal mausoleum and -allegedly- one of the many hiding places of the Holy Grail in the middle ages. It continues to be a stop along the Camino de Santiago for many pilgrims and tourists. In another cave, dedicated to La Virgen de la Cueva, locals gather annually to pay homage to "Our Lade of the Cave", a venerated shrine where Garcí Ximénez was proclaimed first King of Sobrarbe in the 8th century. Jaca was once the capital of the Iacetani, a tribe mentioned by Strabo. This territory was the scene of battles between Sertorius and Pompey and later between Pompey's son Sextus and Caesar's generals. Ecclesiastically, Jaca originally belonged to the Diocese of Huesca. When in 713 the town of Huesca was seized by the Moors, the bishop fled and the diocese was directed from Aragon by itinerant bishops, sometimes called bishops of Aragon, sometimes bishops of Huesca or Jaca, who lived either at Jaca or in the neighbouring monasteries of San Juan de la Peña, San Pedro de Siresa and San Adrián de Sasabe. Among the itinerant bishops of Aragon were: A council held at Jaca in 1063 determined anew the boundaries of the Diocese of Huesca, which thereafter included the present dioceses of Huesca, Jaca and Barbastro, as well as a part of the Diocese of Lérida. Jaca was then made the permanent seat of the diocese. At the same time Sancho was appointed Bishop of Huesca (1058–1075) and hastened to request the Pope Alexander II to confirm the decisions of the council. In the same year of 1063, however, King Sancho Ramirez of Aragon (1063–1094) had won back from the Moors the city of Barbastro, and had granted it to the Bishop of Roda. García Ramírez, the new Bishop of Huesca (1076–1086) and brother of the king, regarded this as an infringement of the rights of jurisdiction granted the Bishop of Jaca by the Council of Jaca. He therefore renewed his petition to the new pope (Gregory VII) to have the decisions of the council confirmed, which request the pope granted (cf. Jaffé, "Reg. Pont. Roman", I, 2nd ed., Berlin, 1885, n. 5098). As, however, Bishop Raimundo of Roda also obtained the confirmation of all his privileges from Gregory, a violent dispute arose between the Bishops of Huesca and Roda as to jurisdiction over the churches of Barbastro, Bielsa, Gistao and Alquezar, which in 1080 was decided by the king in favour of the Bishop of Roda. In November 1096, King Pedro I of Aragon took back Huesca from the Moors and restored the original see. Pope Urban II decreed (May 11, 1098) that, instead of Jaca, Huesca should again be the seat of the bishop, as it had been until the year 713 (cf. Jaffé, "Reg. Pont. Roman", I, 2nd ed., Berlin, 1885, n. 5703). But Jaca itself had a separate existence under a vicar-general, independent of the Bishop of Huesca. It also retained its own cathedral chapter, which originally followed the Rule of St. Augustine, but in 1270 both this chapter and that of Huesca were secularized. Jaca was again erected into a separate diocese and was made suffragan to the Metropolitan See of Zaragoza by a Bull of Pope Pius V (July 18, 1571), which decision was carried into effect on February 26, 1572. The first bishop was Pedro del Frago. According to the diocesan statistics of 1907 Jaca possessed 73,659 inhabitants, 151 parishes, 151 parish churches, 239 public and 10 private oratories, 236 secular priests, 30 regulars and 54 sisters. The religious institutes in the diocese are: This article draws only from other Wikipedia articles and these four sources: Roman Catholic Diocese of Jaca The Diocese of Jaca is an episcopal see in the	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Sasthamangalam Sasthamangalam is a place in the city of Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum), Kerala, India. It is just 6 km from the Central Railway Station, and is a popular residential area in Thiruvananthapuram city. It is known for the Sasthamangalam Mahadevar (Shiva) Temple, one of the four major temples regularly visited by the Kings of Travancore, in the past. The place where the king used to park his chariot is now a road, called Rathapurakkunnu road. The River Killi enters Sasthamangalam from Mannammoola, and flows to Maruthankuzhi, on her way to join River Karamana. Sasthamangalam is a meeting place for roads running from Vattiyoorkavu, Vellayambalam, Edapazhinji and Peroorkada. There is a post office in the junction, and private courier services are available from Blue Dart, DTDC, Professional Couriers, etc. DHL is available 1.4 km away at Vellayambalam. Sree Ramakrishna Mission Hospital, Raja Kesavadas NSS High School, Tandem Group of Institutions, etc., are the other landmarks in the area. The nearest Police Stations are Peroorkada and Museum. There are rows of shop, mostly bakeries, groceries, vegetable & fruits, hotels, office stationery, Cobblers, Auto-parts, Mechanics, Hardware, Cyber-cafes, Communication (cellular), and a lot of medical shops and clinical laboratories (owing to the proximity to the Sriramakrishna Mission Hospital).As one of the best residential locality in Trivandrum for upper middle class, the place has seen rapid urbanisation in terms of the new residential complexes, branded shops and eateries. Indian Army camp at Pangode and the State Armed Police camp at Oolampara fall within a 2 km radius, each, from the junction. Major Bank branches are of Axis Bank,ICICI Bank, State Bank of Travancore, Canara Bank, South Indian Bank, Vijaya Bank, etc. Sasthamangalam Sasthamangalam is a place in the city of Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum), Kerala, India. It is just 6 km from the Central Railway Station, and is	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
WRSY WRSY (101.5 MHz) is a commercial FM radio station licensed to Marlboro, Vermont. The station is owned by Saga Communications. WRSY airs an Adult Album Alternative radio format, via a simulcast of 93.9 WRSI in Turners Falls, Massachusetts. WRSY is heard in Southeastern Vermont and Southwestern New Hampshire. When it was being built, the station first took its call sign WAIG on May 20, 1994, and changed to WSSH on March 1, 1996. It officially launched in July 1996, airing a Soft Adult Contemporary format, simulcast with 95.3 WZSH in Hartford, Vermont (now WZLF). Vox purchased the stations from Dynacom in 1999. Vox switched WSSH to the WRSI simulcast on February 1, 2001. The station was granted the WRSY call sign on April 12. Saga acquired WRSI and WRSY in 2003. WRSY WRSY (101.5 MHz) is a commercial FM radio station licensed to Marlboro, Vermont. The station is owned by Saga Communications. WRSY airs an Adult Album Alternative radio format, via a simulcast of 93.9 WRSI in Turners Falls, Massachusetts. WRSY is heard in Southeastern Vermont and Southwestern New Hampshire. When it was being built, the station first took its call sign WAIG on May 20, 1994, and changed	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Frank Calvert Frank Calvert (1828–1908) was an English expatriate who was a consular official in the eastern Mediterranean region and an amateur archaeologist. He began exploratory excavations on the mound at Hisarlik (the site of the ancient city of Troy), seven years before the arrival of Heinrich Schliemann. Frank was the youngest of seven children born to James Calvert (1778–1852), of Malta, and Louisa Ann Lander (1792–1867). Calvert was raised in Malta, at that time a British naval base. He was overshadowed by his elder siblings and became involved with the careers of his elder, more flamboyant brothers. He remained unmarried, and had an enduring passion for the Homeric epics and a firm belief that the myths were history, not fiction. As early as 1822, Hisarlik was identified by Charles Maclaren as a possible site of Homeric Troy. In 1847, his brother Frederick bought a farm of over 2,000 acres (8 km²) at Akca Koy which included part of Mount Hisarlik. This was to be a momentous acquisition. Frank continued to support his brothers' careers. In 1855, while Frederick was completely engrossed in affairs related to the Crimean War, Frank continued to produce the bulk of official consular correspondence in French and English. On occasion in 1856 and 1858, Frank stood in for Frederick as acting British consul. After standing in for his brother James, Frank eventually succeeded him as United States consular agent in 1874, an unpaid position that he held for the rest of his life. Occasionally, he served on local mixed European and Turkish tribunals, assuming from time to time the title of acting British consul. Apart from performing his consular duties, Calvert carried on careful, exploratory excavations on the family-owned land which incorporated the mound of Hisarlik. He was convinced that this was the site of the ancient city of Troy, but in 1908 he died and was never officially associated with the discovery of Troy. In an twist of fate, descendants of the Calvert brothers are now pursuing claims to the treasure recovered from Hisarlik. In the field of archaeology, Calvert has been a mere shadow compared to his partner Heinrich Schliemann, who was later accused of manipulating and taking advantage of Calvert. Schliemann had a significantly larger budget than Calvert, and frequently used it to his advantage. Calvert was also shy about his educational experience because he was self-taught. At an early age he began visiting ancient sites, understanding different cultures and learning how they lived. In his teens he visited sites such as Corfu, Athens, Egypt, Brindisi and others, but he mostly stayed in the Troad, the region of Asia Minor believed to have been under Trojan rule. At the time Schliemann began excavating in Turkey, the site commonly believed to be Troy was at Pınarbaşı, a hilltop at the south end of the Trojan Plain. Schliemann performed soundings at Pınarbaşı, but was disappointed by his findings. Schliemann did not know where to look for Troy and was about to give up his exploration altogether. It was not until Calvert suggested excavating the mound of Hissarlik that Schliemann made any moves to dig at the site. Calvert had already searched in the mound, but he never made it down to the Bronze Age layers; still, he was determined Troy was buried somewhere within the mound. Schliemann and Calvert found not only the possible site of Troy but thousands of artefacts such as diadems of woven gold, rings, bracelets, intricate earrings and necklaces, buttons, belts and brooches as well as anthropomorphic figures, bowls and vessels for perfumed oils. In 1996 American and British heirs to Calvert sought ownership of a portion of the treasure found by Schliemann on Calvert's land (Calvert only owned half the mound). Calvert's work on Troy is mentioned in the 1985 BBC TV series "In Search of the Trojan War", written and presented by Michael Wood. Frank Calvert Frank Calvert (1828–1908) was an English expatriate who was a consular official in the eastern Mediterranean region and an amateur archaeologist. He began exploratory excavations on the mound at Hisarlik (the site of the ancient city of Troy), seven years before the arrival of Heinrich Schliemann. Frank was the youngest of seven	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Charles Samuel Franklin Charles Samuel Franklin (1879–1964), who published as C. S. Franklin, was a noted British radio pioneer. Franklin was born in London, the youngest of a family of 13, and educated at Finsbury Technical College in Finsbury, England, under Silvanus P. Thompson. After graduation in 1899 he joined the Marconi Company where he spent his entire professional career. He was first sent to South Africa to provide equipment for the Boer War, then spent 2 years in Russia. After his return to the UK, he invented a number of important radio devices including the variable capacitor (patented 1902), ganged tuning (1907), variable coupling (1907), coaxial cable, and the Franklin oscillator. Today Franklin is best known for the Franklin beam aerial, his shortwave antenna. From the Marconi company's Poldhu station in 1923 and 1924, he sent shortwave transmissions to Guglielmo Marconi on his yacht Electra in the South Atlantic. Franklin was also active in early television development. In 1935 the trustees leased part of Alexandra Palace to the BBC, which used it as the production and transmission center for their new BBC Television Service. Franklin designed its antenna, and the world's first public broadcasts of high-definition television were made from this site in 1936. Franklin received the 1922 IRE Morris N. Liebmann Memorial Award "for his investigations of short wave directional transmission and reception". Franklin received British patent 242342 in 1924 for "a pronounced directional effect from aerials of the type that are electrically long in comparison with the signal wavelength". Alas, this antenna is so physically tall (about 1,813 feet at 540 kHz, and about 612 feet at 1600 kHz) that its use is generally restricted to frequencies of 1400 kHz and above, with one example at 1500 kHz (KSTP, St. Paul, MN, non-directional, daytime only) and two examples at 1530 kHz (KFBK, Sacramento, CA, directional day and night using different parameters day and night). Pseudo-Franklins have been employed below 1400 kHz, however, to good effect, but no where near as good as a true Franklin. A true Franklin (180 over 180 degrees; 360 degrees, total) has an efficiency of about 510 mV/m/kW at 1 km. A pseudo-Franklin (180 over 120 degrees; 300 degrees, total) has an efficiency of about 470 mV/m/kW at 1 km. Another pseudo-Franklin (120 over 120 degrees; 240 degrees, total) has an efficiency of about 430 mV/m/kW at 1 km. As a conventional antenna of 225 degrees has an efficiency of about 440 mV/m/kW at 1 km, exceeding that of a 120 over 120 degree pseudo-Franklin, one might naturally assume that a 225 degree antenna would be preferred, but this is not the case for powers above about 5 kW as a self-cancellation effect occurs in the fringe reception area. For 10 kW and above, 195 degrees is optimum (about 400 mV/m/kW at 1 km), or a pseudo-Franklin or a Franklin may be employed, where each of these avoids or significantly reduces this self-cancellation. In some cases, a station's efficiency may be restricted to 362.10 mV/m/kW at 1 km for Class A stations, to 281.63 mV/m/kW at 1 km for Class B stations or to 241.40 mV/m/kW at 1 km for Class C stations, unless a higher efficiency was "grandfathered". If so restricted, then a high-efficiency antenna, such as a Franklin, could be employed only if the transmitter power was reduced accordingly. Older, "legacy" stations are more likely to be so "grandfathered" rather than newer, post-"Rio" stations, hence older, "legacy" stations are more likely to employ Franklin, pseudo-Franklin or other high-efficiency transmitting antennas. For practical reasons, 90 degrees (about 310 mV/m/kW at 1 km) is taken to be the "gold standard", but shorter (particularly for lower frequency stations) or taller (particularly for higher frequency stations) are often found. Also, for practical reasons, 199 feet antennas, occasionally with "top loading", are often specified as this is the maximum height in order to avoid tower lighting, and in a number of cases tower painting, for aviation obstruction purposes. Charles Samuel Franklin Charles Samuel Franklin (1879–1964), who published as C. S. Franklin, was a noted British radio pioneer. Franklin was born in London, the youngest of a family of 13, and educated at Finsbury Technical College in	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
K. T. K. Thangamani K. T. K. Thangamani, born in 1913, was a politician from Indian state of Tamil Nadu. He was a senior Communist leader and former State secretary of the Communist Party of India. A bar-at-law from London, he has authored a number of books, and also had the distinction of interacting with late Chinese leader Mao Tse Tung and Vietnamese leader Ho Chi Minh. He lived in Singapore and Malaysia and returned to India in 1947. He was a prominent trade union leader. He died at the age of 88 on 26 December 2001. He was also a member of Lok Sabha elected from Madurai between 1957 and 1962 and an MLA between 1974 and 1976. K. T. K. Thangamani K. T. K. Thangamani, born in 1913, was a politician from Indian state of Tamil Nadu. He was a senior Communist leader and former State secretary of the Communist Party of India. A bar-at-law from London, he has authored a number of books, and also had the distinction of interacting with late Chinese leader Mao Tse Tung and Vietnamese leader Ho Chi Minh. He lived in Singapore and Malaysia and returned to India in 1947. He was	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Weidemann Weidemann is a German family name and may be deduced from the Middle High German terms for hunter or woad farmer. The German word "Weide" also means willow, as well as pasture. The name could thus translate into willowman and hence suggests alternative meanings such as the occupational name for a basket maker or a person living near a willowtree. Since "Weide" (the tree) derives from Middle High German "wîda", these meanings can not be assigned to the family name, whose origin dates back to mediaeval times. The family name Weidemann is first found in Westphalia, Germany, where the name Weidemann emerged in mediaeval times as one of the notable families of the region. Weidemann Weidemann is a German family name and may be deduced from the Middle High German terms for hunter or woad farmer. The German word "Weide" also means willow, as well as pasture. The name could thus translate into willowman and hence suggests alternative meanings such as the occupational name for a basket maker or a person living near a willowtree. Since "Weide" (the tree) derives from Middle High German "wîda", these meanings can not be assigned to the family name, whose origin dates back	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Willow Tree station (LIRR) Willow Tree was a Main Line Long Island Rail Road station that was opened on the north side of the tracks and the west side of 183rd Street, then known as Hamilton Street. It was located in what is today the Hollis section of Queens, New York City. Willow Tree station opened on March 1, 1837, when Long Island Rail Road service opened to Hicksville. The land for the Willow Tree station was 50 feet by 562.6 feet and was purchased on April 18, 1836. Willow Tree can be found in timetables as early as October 1, 1852, and as late as November 4, 1867. In the year ending June 30, 1861, 75,650 quarts of milk were received from the Willow Tree station. An 1868 book says that only the Sunday excursion trains, and the North Islip and Hempstead passenger trains regularly stop there. On Friday April 23, 1869, on the eve of the Long Island Rail Road's 35th anniversary, a three car train, pulled by "Thurlow Weed", hit a broken rail and derailed just east of Willow Tree at 187th Street, Hollis. Six people died and fourteen people were seriously injured. There was no depot building, but there was a dwelling house located close to the track which was fitted with a seat fixed on the outside for the use of waiting passengers. An African-American family occupied the house in the late 1860s and early 1870s, and when several came down with smallpox in 1873, the place was quarantined. In September 1871, President Charlick of the Long Island Rail Road decided to abandon the station, and the station is last listed in June 1872. However, on a track map its closure is listed as 1880. After its closure it was superseded by the Rockaway Junction station. Since 1991, the site of the Willow Tree station has been occupied by the present site of the platforms for the Hillside Facility over the 183rd Street bridge. Willow Tree station (LIRR) Willow Tree was a Main Line Long Island Rail Road station that was opened on the north side of the tracks and the west side of 183rd Street, then known as Hamilton Street. It was located in what is today the Hollis section of Queens, New York City. Willow Tree station opened on March 1, 1837, when Long Island Rail Road service opened to Hicksville. The land	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
H. G. Carrillo Herman "H.G." Carrillo (born 1960) is an Afro-Cuban American writer and Assistant Professor of English at George Washington University in Washington, D.C. Central to Carrillo's writing is the Cuban immigrant experience in the United States. Carrillo was born in Havana, Cuba in 1960. Carrillo received his BA in Fiction Writing from Cornell University in Ithaca, New York in 2004 and an MFA from Cornell in 2007. Carrillo is an assistant professor of English at George Washington University. He started teaching at the university level after 2007. Several publications have included his work, including "The Kenyon Review, Conjunctions, The Iowa Review, Glimmer Train, Ninth Letter," and "Slice". Areas of interest include fiction writing, U.S. Latino literature and visual culture, literature and culture of the 1960s, 20th- and 21st-century US literature, and gender studies. Carrillo's first full-length novel, "Loosing My Espanish" (Pantheon, 2004) addresses the complexities of Latino Immigration, religiously associated education, homosexuality, and lower class struggles from a Cuban immigrant's perspective. Wendy Gimbel at "The Washington Post" wrote a lengthy review of this novel, saying this about Carrillo's interesting writing style: Synopsis: "Oscar Delossantos is about to lose his job as a teacher at a Jesuit high school in Chicago. Rather than go quietly, he embarks on a valiant last history lesson that chronicles the flight from Cuba of his makeshift extended family. Evoking the struggle between nostalgia and the realities of the Cuban Revolution with both grit and lyricism, he inspires his students with an altogether dazzling reinterpretation of the Cuban-American experience." (Random House, Inc. 2005) Carrillo received the Arthur Lynn Andrew Prize for Best Fiction in 2001 and 2003 as well as the Iowa Award in 2004. He has received several fellowships and grants, including a Sage Fellowship, a Provost's Fellowship, and a Newberry Library Research Grant. He earned the 2001 Glimmer Train Fiction Open Prize and was named the 2002 Alan Collins Scholar for Fiction. H. G. Carrillo Herman "H.G." Carrillo (born 1960) is an Afro-Cuban American writer and Assistant Professor of English at George Washington University in Washington, D.C. Central to Carrillo's writing is the Cuban immigrant experience in the United States. Carrillo was born in Havana, Cuba in 1960. Carrillo received his BA in Fiction Writing from Cornell University in Ithaca, New York in 2004 and an MFA from Cornell in 2007. Carrillo is an assistant professor of English at George Washington University.	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Nanhai One The Nanhai One (Traditional: 南海一號; Simplified: 南海一号; Pinyin: Nánhǎi Yī Hào - South China Sea No. 1) is a Chinese merchant ship which sank off the south China coast during the Southern Song Dynasty between 1127 and 1279. The shipwreck was found in 1987 by a team from Maritime Exploration & Recoveries PLC (MER PLC) of Southampton, England, during their search for the wreck of the 18th century ship "Rhynsburg". MER PLC had a joint venture with the Guangzhou branch of the Chinese Salvage Company. The ship is long, wide, and in height (excluding the mast). It is the biggest ship of its kind to be found. It was the first ancient vessel discovered on the "Marine Silk Road". According to the head of the excavation project, the ship left port in southern China to trade with foreign countries and sank probably due to stormy waves. It was quickly buried by silt. When the wreck was first found, about 200 pieces of porcelain from the Song Dynasty were recovered, together with Song coins, about 130 kilos of silver bars, a brass kettle and a gold waist chain. These were handed to the China Salvage Company representatives, intact. At the time of the second survey, the wreck was reported to have 60,000 to 80,000 items on board. In 2007, China began to raise the ship and its artifacts. The ship was placed in a pool-type container called the "Crystal Palace" in the purpose-built Maritime Silk Route Museum. The container is 64 meters long, 40 meters wide and 23 meters high. It contains seawater and is about 12 meters in depth. Visitors are able to watch the ongoing excavation of the ship through windows on two sides of the pool. Nanhai One The Nanhai One (Traditional: 南海一號; Simplified: 南海一号; Pinyin:	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Australia–Malaysia relations Australia–Malaysia relations (; Jawi: هوبوڠن أستراليا–مليسيا) refers to bilateral foreign relations between Australia and Malaysia. Australia has a high commission in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has a high commission in Canberra. Both Australia and Malaysia are members of the Five Power Defence Arrangements and often participate in military exercises together. Occasional issues such as perceived Australian influence in Southeast Asian affairs, as well as the detention and execution of Australian citizens in Malaysia, further complicate relations between the two nations. The two countries has a long-standing institutional and people-to-people ties than any other Asian neighbour. Links between Australia and Malaysia can be traced since the 18th century, the Malays participated in the pearling industry off Australia’s north coast in the 19th century where their descendants today form an integral part of Darwin’s multicultural society. During the World War II, Australian troops were involved in the Malayan Campaign where many of its surviving troops were captured by the Japanese Army and sent to Borneo in Batu Lintang camp and Sandakan camp where they were also forced to marches, which resulted in deaths of many Australian prisoners of war with only six of them survived to see the war ended and subsequent liberation of the Borneo Island by Australian reinforcements. Since then, Australian troops also involved in the Malayan War against the Communists, notably the Malayan Emergency and Second Malayan Emergency where they providing materials and equipments to Malayan security forces, as well in the Malaysia's operation against the Sarawak Communist Insurgency and Indonesia's military infiltration towards its soil prior to the formation of a larger federation that includes North Borneo and Sarawak. The formal relations between the two modern countries started in 1955. Malaysia is Australia’s 10th largest trading partner, with two-way trade worth A$19.2 billion in 2013. The two countries commenced a free trade agreement in January 2013. Major Australian exports to Malaysia include coal, aluminium, copper, crude oil, wheat and sugar, medication, zinc, dairy products, machinery and transport equipments, ferrous waste and scrap,<ref name="AUS/MYS exports and imports"></ref> while major Malaysian exports to Australia including crude oil, refined petroleum, chemicals, fats and oils, computer, tv's, radio's, telecom equipments and electronic integrated circuits, furniture, mattress and cushions as well machinery and transport equipments. Australia has establish three campus of its universities in Malaysia. Two located in Sarawak, East Malaysia: the Curtin University Campus and Swinburne University Campus; while one is located in Selangor, West Malaysia: the Monash University Campus. Through these campuses, more than 23,000 Malaysians enrolled in Australian institutions. More than 300,000 Malaysian students also having studied in Australia. In April 2005, Malaysian Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi made an official visit to Australia. Other Malaysian ministers undertook separate bilateral visits in the same year including the Minister of Human Resources Fong Chan Onn, Minister of Higher Education, Shafie Salleh, Minister of Environment and Natural Resources, Adenan Satem and Minister of Transport Chan Kong Choy. The following year, Minister of Agriculture and Agro-based Industries Muhyiddin Yassin visited Australia in March 2006 to remove barriers in the halal beef export trade to Malaysia with the signing of memorandum of understanding (MoU) on agricultural co-operation with Australian counterpart Peter McGauran. Malaysian Minister of Foreign Affairs Syed Hamid Albar visited Australia from 1–8 June 2006 and Minister of International Trade and Industry Rafidah Aziz visited from 31 July–8 August 2006 to attend the 13th Australia-Malaysia Joint Trade Committee meeting and to run a series of Malaysia trade promotion seminars. From the Australian side, Australia’s Attorney-General, Philip Ruddock, Minister for Veterans’ Affairs De-Anne Kelly, Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Warren Truss and Minister for Education, Science and Training Brendan Nelson undertook separate bilateral visits to Malaysia in 2005, while Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade Mark Vaile visited the country in August 2005. In July 2008, Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd visited Malaysian Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi. On 4 November 2012, following the visit made by Australian Foreign Minister Bob Carr, the two countries agreed for a joint Australia-Malaysia cultural exchange program for young Australians and Malaysians to travel to each other's countries and develop a stronger understanding of each other cultures and faiths. Australia and Malaysia have had a well-established tradition of military co-operation, with Australian troops has contributed significantly to Malaysia's defence since its formation. As part of the alliance in Five Power Defence Arrangements, Australia plays a key role in the frequent military exercises between the countries involved. The Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) formerly operated the base RMAF Butterworth in Malaysia until the airbase management is transferred to the Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF) in 1970. As part of the FPDA, the RAAF still maintains a presence at this base to this date. In 2011, an Australian rare-earths mining company, Lynas has expressed their intention to established a plant in Pahang, Malaysia. The decision was highly opposed by local residents who living near the proposed site for the plant together with environmentalist groups and Malaysian opposition parties who has expressed their concerns over fears of radioactive contamination. The Himpunan Hijau (Green Assembly) was then formed in March 2011 to protesting the Lynas rare earth project in Malaysia. Despite the protest, construction of the plant continued and it was granted temporary licence by the Malaysian authorities with the plant began its operation from December for the shipment of rare earth oxides. Four Malaysian cabinet member of parliament (MPs) (responsible for trade, science, natural resources and health) have released a joint statement, saying the temporary licence granted to Lynas requires it to remove "all the residue" from the plant out of the country. With the continuous opposition to Lynas operation in the country, several rallies has been held in Kuala Lumpur and 10 other cities in the country, as well as in 34 other countries including during the Bersih 3.0 rally held in 2012. In 2016, the company licence renewed for another three years with a cautious review undertaken by the Atomic Energy Licensing Board (AELB) of Malaysia. In July 2011, the two countries signed a refugee swap deal with Australia will send 800 asylum seekers to Malaysia and accept 4,000 verified refugees in return from Malaysia. Most of the asylum seekers are from Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq and Sri Lanka and usually travel to Australia through Malaysia or Indonesia. The deal was however rejected and declared illegal by the High Court of Australia the following month over concerns as Malaysia had no legal guarantee to protect the rights of asylum seekers especially when the country are not a signatory to the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, with many evidence has shown the mistreatment of 93,600 asylum seekers in the country including caning and denial of basic rights to the refugees, who mainly come from Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Somalia, Iraq and Afghanistan. In 2012, Australian Senator Nick Xenophon was on a fact-finding mission to Malaysia when he was caught up in anti-government protests in Kuala Lumpur. Subsequently, on 2 May 2012, the New Straits Times published an article written by journalist Roy See Wei Zhi with a title header "Observer under scrutiny". The report replaced words from a 2009 speech made by Xenophon and	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
following month over concerns as Malaysia had no legal guarantee to protect the rights of asylum seekers especially when the country are not a signatory to the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, with many evidence has shown the mistreatment of 93,600 asylum seekers in the country including caning and denial of basic rights to the refugees, who mainly come from Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Somalia, Iraq and Afghanistan. In 2012, Australian Senator Nick Xenophon was on a fact-finding mission to Malaysia when he was caught up in anti-government protests in Kuala Lumpur. Subsequently, on 2 May 2012, the New Straits Times published an article written by journalist Roy See Wei Zhi with a title header "Observer under scrutiny". The report replaced words from a 2009 speech made by Xenophon and turned it into an attack on Islam, ostensibly to pit Malay-Muslim opinion against the senator, who was a known associate of Malaysian opposition leader Anwar Ibrahim. In fact, the speech was actually an attack on scientology with his original speech is recorded in the Hansard of the Australian Senate. Xenophon threatened to sue the newspaper for defamation and as a result the offending article was quickly removed from its website. The gaffe sparked media outrage in both Malaysia and Australia which has greatly reinforced public perception that the media merely serve as propaganda mouthpieces for Malaysia's ruling government of Barisan Nasional against all of its political opponents. The following year on 16 February 2013, Xenophon was detained on arrival at Kuala Lumpur International Airport's LCCT and refused entry by the Malaysian immigration authorities. He was deported back to Australia on a flight early the next day. Other members of Parliament of Australia cancelled their plans to travel to Malaysia while the matter was resolved. The Prime Minister's Department of Malaysia confirmed that Xenophon was not part of the Australian delegation scheduled to meet Parliamentary Affairs Minister Nazri Aziz submitted to it by an aide to Anwar Ibrahim, the opposition leader in response to claims that it had deliberately denied entry to Xenophon. Two journalists from the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) were detained on 13 March 2016, after attempting to question the Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak over corruption allegations towards him, notably the 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) scandal. Australia–Malaysia relations Australia–Malaysia relations (; Jawi: هوبوڠن أستراليا–مليسيا) refers to bilateral foreign relations between Australia and Malaysia. Australia has a high commission in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has a high commission in Canberra. Both Australia and Malaysia are members of the Five Power Defence Arrangements and often participate in military exercises together. Occasional issues	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Politics of Chongqing The politics of Chongqing is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in the People's Republic of China (PRC). The Mayor of Chongqing is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Chongqing. As since 1997 Chongqing has been a centrally administered municipality, the mayor occupies the same level in the order of precedence as provincial governors. However, in the city's dual party-government governing system, the mayor has less power than the Chongqing Communist Party of China Municipal Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the "Chongqing CPC Party chief". Since 1997, the Chongqing Municipal Government has governed Chongqing. Chongqing was previously also governed by a Municipal Government between 1939 and 1954, but in 1929-1939 and 1954-1997, when Chongqing was a sub-provincial city rather than a centrally administered municipality, it was governed by the Chongqing City Government. Politics of Chongqing The politics of Chongqing is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in the People's Republic of China (PRC). The Mayor of Chongqing is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Chongqing. As since 1997 Chongqing has been a centrally administered municipality, the mayor occupies the same level in the order	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Bible translations into Scots To date, the Bible has not been completely translated into Lowland Scots. In 1513-39 Murdoch Nisbet, associated with a group of Lollards, wrote a Scots translation of the New Testament, working from John Purvey's Wycliffite Bible. However, this work remained unpublished, in manuscript form, and was known only to his family and Bible scholars. It was published by the Scottish Text Society in 1901-5. William Lorimer, a noted classical scholar, produced the first New Testament translation into modern Scots from the original koine Greek (though, in an appendix, when Satan speaks to Christ, he is quoted in Standard English), and this work too was published posthumously, in 1983. The Psalms have also been translated. The Gospel of Luke has been published in Ulster Scots under the title "Guid Wittins Frae Doctèr Luik." It was published in 2009 by Ullans Press, with the copyright held by the Ulster-Scots Language Society. Bible translations into Scots To date, the Bible has not been completely translated into Lowland Scots. In 1513-39 Murdoch Nisbet, associated with a group of Lollards, wrote a Scots translation of the New Testament, working from John Purvey's Wycliffite Bible. However, this work remained unpublished, in manuscript	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
1275 Cimbria 1275 Cimbria, provisional designation , is a Eunomian asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 27 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 30 November 1932, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southern Germany. The asteroid was named after the Cimbri, an ancient Germanic tribe. "Cimbria" is a member of the Eunomia family (), a prominent family of typically stony asteroids and the largest one in the intermediate main belt with more than 5,000 members. The asteroid orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.2–3.1 AU once every 4 years and 5 months (1,603 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.17 and an inclination of 13° with respect to the ecliptic. It was first identified as at Simeiz Observatory in October 1914. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Heidelberg in 1932. In the Tholen classification, "Cimbria" is an X-type asteroid, rather than a stony S-type asteroid, which is the overall spectral type for members of the Eunomia family. In November and December 2002, two rotational lightcurves of "Cimbria" were obtained from photometric observations by Italian amateur astronomers Silvano Casulli, Antonio Vagnozzi, Marco Cristofanelli and Marco Paiella. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 5.65 hours with a brightness variation of 0.40 and 0.57 magnitude, respectively (). In December 2012, astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in California measured a period of 5.655 hours and an amplitude of 0.26 magnitude (). The asteroid's lightcurve has also been modeled using photometric data from the Lowell Photometric Database. It gave a concurring period of 5.65454 hours and determined two spin axis of (85.0°, −61.0°) and (271.0°, −31.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β). According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, "Cimbria" measures between 18.70 and 33.599 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.0807 and 0.25. The "Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link" adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is an albedo of 0.1109 and a diameter of 28.65 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.72. This minor planet was named after the Cimbri, an ancient Proto-Germanic tribe that fought the Romans together with the Teutons and the Ambrones. At first victorious, they were destroyed by Gaius Marius in the Cimbrian War (113–101 BC). The official naming citation was mentioned in "The Names of the Minor Planets" by Paul Herget in 1955 (). 1275 Cimbria 1275 Cimbria, provisional designation , is a Eunomian asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 27 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 30 November 1932, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southern Germany. The asteroid was named after the Cimbri, an ancient Germanic tribe. "Cimbria" is a member of the Eunomia family (), a prominent family of typically stony asteroids and the largest one in the intermediate main belt	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Best Soccer Player ESPY Award The Best Soccer Player category of the ESPY Award was presented in 2000, 2001, 2005, and 2006 to the soccer (association football) player adjudged to be the best in a given calendar year amongst those contesting the sport on the professional or international level, irrespective of gender or nation represented. The award was bifurcated in 2002, but the resulting Best Male and Best Female Soccer Player ESPY Awards were joined once more in 2005. The award was effectively discontinued in 2005 and replaced by the Best MLS Player ESPY Award (which was first awarded in 2006), as the 2006 award went to a worlwide star not to an American as in the previous years. During the award's three years, the voting panel comprised variously fans, who participated through Internet balloting; sportswriters and broadcasters, sports executives, and retired sportspersons, termed collectively "experts"; and ESPN personalities. The ESPY Awards ceremony was conducted in February and awards conferred reflected performance and achievement over the twelve months previous to presentation. Since 2005, voting was undertaken exclusively by fans over the Internet from amongst nominees selected by the ESPN Select Nominating Committee, and awards have been presented in July to reflect performance and achievement over the twelve months previous to presentation. Best Soccer Player ESPY Award The Best Soccer Player category of the ESPY Award was presented in 2000, 2001, 2005, and 2006 to the soccer (association football) player adjudged to be the best in a given calendar year amongst those contesting the sport on the professional or international level, irrespective of gender or nation represented. The award was bifurcated in 2002, but the resulting Best Male and Best Female Soccer Player ESPY Awards were joined once more in 2005. The award was effectively discontinued in 2005 and replaced by	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Perityle emoryi Perityle emoryi is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name Emory's rockdaisy. It is native to the Southwestern United States, northwest Mexico, and the Baja California Peninsula. It is a common wildflower of the deserts, and can also be found in California coastal regions. It grows in many types of habitat, it tolerates disturbance, and it can become somewhat weedy. The plant is also known from Chile and Peru and it is an introduced species in parts of Hawaii. Its distribution is apparently expanding. "Perityle emoryi", a polyploid plant, is quite variable genetically and in appearance. It is an annual herb growing 2 to 60 centimeters tall, its stem small, delicate, and simple, or thick, branching, and sprawling. It is usually hairy and glandular in texture. The alternately arranged leaves have blades of various shapes which are toothed or divided into lobes and borne on petioles. The inflorescence is a single flower head or an array of a few or many heads. The head is hemispherical to bell-shaped and generally no more than a centimeter wide. The head has a center of many golden disc florets and a fringe of 8 to 12 white ray florets each just a few millimeters long. The fruit is an achene, usually with a pappus at the tip. Perityle emoryi Perityle emoryi is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name Emory's rockdaisy. It is native to the Southwestern United States, northwest Mexico, and the Baja California Peninsula. It is a common wildflower of the deserts, and can also be found in California coastal regions. It grows in many types of habitat, it tolerates disturbance, and it can become somewhat weedy. The plant is also known from Chile and	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Kerri Hoskins Kerri Ann Hoskins Reavis (born February 20, 1970 in Cambridge, Minnesota) is a former glamour model and video game actress. She is best known for portraying Sonya Blade in several incarnations of the game beginning with "Mortal Kombat 3" and toured the United States and Europe portraying Sonya Blade in the "", appearing at venues like Radio City Music Hall. She also appeared in a number of other games produced by Midway Games including "Revolution X" and "NBA Jam", and is a secret character in "". She trained for two years in Tang Soo Do, a Korean martial art; John Tobias noted her to be "actually very good" and "punching like a guy." She has also modeled for "Playboy" magazine. According to a re-published newspaper article dated 2001, Kerri Hoskins is married and her last name changed to Branson; as of that date, Branson lives in North Aurora, Illinois, where she raises two twin boys who suffer from severe cerebral palsy. She has four children: Leah, Sam, Luke and Zachary. In October 2012, Hoskins ran for a seat on the Kane County, Illinois board. Kerri Hoskins Kerri Ann Hoskins Reavis (born February 20, 1970 in Cambridge, Minnesota) is	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Attock Attock (Punjabi, Urdu: ), formerly known as Campbellpur (), is a city located in the north of Pakistan's Punjab Province, not far from the country's capital Islamabad. It is the headquarters of Attock District and Attock Tehsil. The city was founded in 1908 several miles southeast of the older city of Attock Khurd, which had been established by the Mughal Emperor Akbar in the 16th century, and was initially named in honour of Sir Colin Campbell. The city was initially named Campbellpore, also spelt Campbellpur, in 1908 in honour of Sir Colin Campbell. The name was changed in 1978 to Attock, which literally means "Foot of the Mountain." Attock is located near the Haro River, a tributary of the Indus River, from Rawalpindi, from Peshawar, and from the Pakistan Aeronautical Complex, Kamra. Attock is located in a historically significant region. Gandhara was an ancient kingdom extending to the Swat valley and the Potohar plateau regions of Pakistan as well as the Jalalabad district of northeastern Afghanistan. Situated astride the middle Indus River, the region had Takshashila and Peshawar as its chief cities. The place is of both political and commercial importance, as the Indus is here crossed by the military and trade route through the Khyber Pass into Afghanistan. Alexander the Great, Timur and Nader Shah crossed the Indus at or about this spot in their respective invasions of India. The Attock fort was completed in 1583 under the supervision of Khawaja Shamsuddin Khawafi, a minister of Emperor Akbar. The Battle of Attock took place at Attock Khurd on 28 April 1758 between Indian Maratha Kingdom and the Durrani Empire. The Marathas under Raghunathrao Ballal Peshwa and Maharaja Tukojirao Holkar Bahadur were victorious in the battle and Attock was captured. On 8 May 1758, the Marathas defeated Durrani forces in the Battle of Peshawar and captured the city of Peshawar. Marathas had now reached the Afghanistan border. But this conquest was short-lived and then Nawab of Punjab captured the Attock which was followed by Ahmad Shah Durrani as he got alarmed with this defeat and again occupy Attock under a treaty with Nawab. According to which, Attock was divided between Afghans and Nawab. After the decline of the Mughal Empire, the Sikhs invaded and occupied Attock District. The Sikhs established religious freedom and respected the native Muslims. The Sikh Kingdom (1701–1849) under Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1780–1839) captured the fortress of Attock in 1813 from the Afghan Kingdom Nawab of Punjab. In 1849, Attock Khurd (Old Attock) was conquered by the British East India Company who created Campbellpur District. Following the Indian Rebellion in 1857, the region's strategic value was appreciated by the British, who established the Campbellpur Cantonment in 1857-58. Campbellpore District was organised in 1904, by the division of Talagang Tehsil in the Jhelum District with the Pindigheb, Fateh Jang and Attock tehsils from Rawalpindi District. The city's foundations were laid in 1908 by Sir Colin Campbell, the British Commander-in-Chief of India for whom the city is named. The old city was established near the 16th century near the Attock fort that had guarded the major routes between Central Asia and South Asia. Attock's first oil well was drilled in Khaur in 1915, while the Attock Oil Company was established. It has an oil and gas field Dakhini near Jand and in Fateh Jang. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the minority Hindus and Sikhs emigrated to India, while Muslim refugees from India settled in Attock. The Government of Pakistan renamed Campbellpur as Attock in 1978. The city and surrounding area are known for their high representation among soldiers of the Pakistani Military. According to the "Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings" "2014", Attock is ranked 3 out of 146 districts of Pakistan in terms of the quality of education. For facilities and infrastructure, the district is ranked 17 out of 146. A detailed picture of the district's education performance is also available online. Army Public School & College, Government Polytechnic Institute, Beacon Light English Model Secondary School,COMSATS University Islamabad and Punjab College Attock are few important educational institutes in Attock. Attock Attock (Punjabi, Urdu: ), formerly known as Campbellpur (), is a city located in the	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
RAD5500 The RAD5500 is a radiation-hardened 64-bit multi-core processor platform manufactured by BAE Systems Electronics, Intelligence & Support with Power Architecture-based technologies from IBM and Freescale Semiconductor. Successor of the RAD750, the RAD5500 processor platform is for use in high radiation environments experienced on board satellites and spacecraft. The RAD5500 platform supports VPX high speed connectors, DDR2/DDR3 memory, serialize/deserialize (SerDes), and SpaceWire IO. The RAD5500 family of radiation-hardened processors use the QorIQ Power Architecture with processor cores based on versions of the Freescale Technologies e5500 core. The RAD5510, RAD5515, RAD5545, and RA"DSP"EED-HB (host bridge) are four system on a chip processors implemented with RAD5500 cores produced with 45 nm SOI technology from the IBM Trusted Foundry. The RAD5510 and RAD5515 processors employ a single RAD5500 core and are intended for medium processing capability in environments that require low power consumption (11.5 and 13.7 watts respectively). This processor provides up to 1.4 giga operations per second (GOPS) and 0.9 GFLOPS of performance. The RAD5545 processor employs four RAD5500 cores, achieving performance characteristics of up to 5.6 giga-operations per second (GOPS) and over 3.7 GFLOPS. Power consumption is 20 watts with all peripherals operating. Based on the RAD5545, the RA"DSP"EED-HB is intended for host processing and data management support for one to four RA"DSP"EED DSPs. The RA"DSP"EED-HB replaces a secondary DDR2/DDR3 memory interface connection found on the RAD5545 with connections for RA"DSP"EED DSPs instead. (Note that RA"DSP"EED DSPs are entirely different processors that are specialized for digital signal processing and are not to be confused with the RA"DSP"EED-HB, which serves as a host bridge). The RAD5545 SpaceVPX single-board computer is a 6U-220 format module which includes either a RAD5515 or RAD5545 processor. RAD5500 The RAD5500 is a radiation-hardened 64-bit multi-core processor platform manufactured by BAE Systems Electronics, Intelligence & Support with Power	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Hillcrest Heights, Florida Hillcrest Heights is a town in Polk County, Florida, United States. The population was 266 at the 2000 census. As of 2004, the population recorded by the U.S. Census Bureau is 280. It is part of the Lakeland–Winter Haven Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 1917, the Lakeside Club was built on the south shore of Crooked Lake. A year later, this club burnt to the ground and was rebuilt and named the Hillcrest Lodge. This lodge was well known and many celebrities stayed there including Bobby Jones, Babe Ruth and William Jennings Bryan. In 1923, the Village of Hillcrest Heights was incorporated. A year later, the town's dirt roads were all paved. Hillcrest Heights is located just south of Babson Park and east of Crooked Lake. The town is approximately nine miles south of Lake Wales and five miles (8 km) north of Frostproof. Hillcrest Heights is located within the Central Florida Highlands area of the Atlantic coastal plain with a terrain consisting of flatland interspersed with gently rolling hills. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. Hillcrest Heights is located in the humid subtropical zone (Köppen climate classification: "Cfa"). Hillcrest Heights has a town council made up of five members including a mayor and vice mayor. The town does not have a city manager and is responsible for the day-to-day operations of the town. Police services are contracted through the Polk County Sheriffs Office Department. The town's annual operating budget is less than $100,000. In the most recent 2009 elections, only the incumbent commissioners qualified and were elected by default. Although the town is only , the residents and government of Hillcrest Heights have been aggressive in keeping the status quo in the town. Because of encroaching annexations by the City of Frostproof, the town is exploring the possibility of annexing Crooked Lake and nearby shores which would increase the size of the town to . Although the annexation would not increase the population of Hillcrest Heights, it would help stop development of nearby areas. Many residents of adjacent census-designated place(CDP) of Babson Park, with a population of over 1,000 are also fearful of the Frostproof annexations, and the Babson Park Visioning Group is considering either incorporating the CDP or asking for annexation by Hillcrest Heights. As of the census of 2000, there were 266 people, 99 households, and 75 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,640.3 inhabitants per square mile (641.9/km²). There were 138 housing units at an average density of 851.0 per square mile (333.0/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 96.62% White, 1.88% African American, 0.75% Asian, and 0.75% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.88% of the population. There were 99 households out of which 36.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.7% were married couples living together, 4.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.2% were non-families. 20.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.15. In the town, the population was spread out with 25.6% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 17.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.0 males. The median income for a household in the town was $60,556, and the median income for a family was $62,143. Males had a median income of $40,833 versus $33,125 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,802. About 2.9% of families and 1.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under the age of eighteen and 5.7% of those sixty five or over. Hillcrest Heights is part of the Tampa/St. Pete television market, the 13th largest in the country and part of the local Lakeland/Winter Haven radio market, which is the 94th largest in the country. There are no public schools in Hillcrest Heights. Generally students will go to elementary school at nearby Babson Park Elementary, and then go on to Frostproof Middle/High School or take advantage of the Lake Wales charter school system. Warner University is a few miles west of town. Hillcrest Heights, Florida Hillcrest Heights is a town in Polk County, Florida, United States. The population was 266 at the 2000 census. As of 2004, the population recorded by the U.S. Census Bureau is 280. It is part of the Lakeland–Winter Haven Metropolitan Statistical Area.	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Greatest Hits Vol. 16 Greatest Hits Vol. 16 is a compilation album by the American rock band The Donnas, released in 2009 through Purple Feather Records, the band's independent record label. Despite its title, it is neither a greatest hits album nor the sixteenth volume in a series; rather, it is a collection of new material, B-sides, live recordings, previously unreleased tracks, and alternate versions and new recordings of songs from the band's back catalog, which together form a retrospective look at their career. The "Vol. 16" in the title refers to the album being released in the band's sixteenth year, the group having formed in 1993. The oldest material on the album are the tracks "Teenage Rules" and "I Don't Wanna Break Your Head", which are previously-unreleased outtakes from the recording sessions for the band's debut album, "The Donnas" (1997). "Teenage Rules" was recorded and produced by Darin Raffaelli, who ghostwrote most of The Donnas' early material and released their first album through his Super*Teem! label. Raffaelli shares writing credit with The Donnas on all eight tracks on the second half of "Greatest Hits Vol. 16" and sings lead vocals on "I Wanna Be with a Girl Like You", which is an alternate version of the early Donnas song "A Boy Like You" from their debut single, "High School Yum Yum" (1995). "I Don't Wanna Break Your Head" was recorded and produced by Robert Shimp (producer of 2001's "The Donnas Turn 21" and 2002's "Spend the Night") and re-mixed by Jay Ruston (who produced 2007's "Bitchin'"). An alternate version of "The Donnas"<nowiki>'</nowiki> "Hey I'm Gonna Be Your Girl" is also included on "Greatest Hits Vol. 16"; this version was also recorded and produced by Shimp and re-mixed by Ruston, as were "I Wanna Be with a Girl Like You" and a re-mixed version of "Play My Game" (the original mix appears on "The Donnas Turn 21"). Two outtakes from the band's seventh album, "Bitchin<nowiki>'</nowiki>" (2007), are included on "Greatest Hits Vol. 16": "We Own the Night" and "She's Out of Control" were recorded, mixed, and produced by Ruston during the "Bitchin<nowiki>'</nowiki>" sessions at Clear Lake Audio in North Hollywood, Los Angeles. Also included are live recordings of the band's two highest-charting singles, "Take It Off" and "Fall Behind Me". For the album's new recordings, The Donnas returned to Clear Lake Audio and used the same production team they had for "Bitchin<nowiki>'</nowiki>". "Get Off" and "Perfect Stranger" are new material, while the remaining five tracks are new recordings of songs from the band's back catalog: "High School Yum Yum" was the band's first single, released in 1995, while "I Don't Want to Go to School" appeared on the "Da Doo Ron Ron" single the following year. One song from each of the band's first three studio albums was re-recorded: "Get Rid of That Girl" from "The Donnas" (1997), "You Make Me Hot" from "American Teenage Rock 'n' Roll Machine" (1998), and "Get You Alone" from "Get Skintight" (1999). Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic rated "Greatest Hits Vol. 16" three and a half stars out of five, calling it "a collection of odds and sods that by its nature would seem to hold interest only for diehards, but there's a smidgeon of truth that this, like other albums called Greatest Hits, can be used as an introduction to The Donnas because it captures their reckless roar as well as any of their other albums. Arguably, it captures their sound better than their glossy major-label platters for Atlantic." Critic Robert Christgau gave it an honorable mention, calling it "one shallow, sexed up, hard rock thing." Keith Carman of "Exclaim!" reviewed it negatively, calling it "probably one of the most confusing releases in the history of punk rock" and "proof-positive that some bands shouldn't be in charge of their output." "Everything from the title to the song selection and overall rationale behind this (one hesitates to use the word) 'effort' is pointless", he opined. "Starting weakly, a few forgettable B-sides slide into live versions of some mid-career tracks. Fine. But then the affair is rounded out with updated recordings of their formative releases. Why? Who knows, but what's worse is that The Donnas don't even pick their cool songs; they just grab whatever they felt like at the time. Sure, the updated performances are better than the originals but they lack the spunk of those juvenile-yet-enthusiastic versions recorded some ten years ago. And why, at this stage in the game, would they bother going to the trouble?" Jayson Harsin of "PopMatters" rated the album five stars out of ten, stating that "For partiers, perverts, and the girl power posse, "Greatest Hits Vol. 16" is a must-have. For everyone else—well, if you don't love them by now, this ain't gonna hook your gills. Moreover, its nostalgia may be a turnoff." While speaking positively of "Get Off", the two "Bitchin<nowiki>'</nowiki>" B-sides, and the live tracks, he found "Perfect Stranger" to be "a cut that sounds right out of early ‘80s pop-rock, with reined-in lead vocals and purring backups. It’s quite a break with the past, and, for this listener, both ill-fitting and a bad omen." He remarked that the album's lyrical content "falls between the two simple poles of catfights over boys and sex-tease power trips over boys. It's hardly a John Hughes film." He also found the re-recorded early songs to sound uncomfortable now that the band members were adults: "When the album shifts away from this power trash theme to meditations on high school ennui, the music has an odor of somewhat uncomfortable nostalgia. Witness Brett Anderson whining 'I Don’t Wanna Go to School No More': 'I don't want to grow up well / I just want my Taco Bell.' This is now coming from thirty year-olds. Ditto for 'Teenage Rules' and “I Don’t Wanna Break Your Head', which are otherwise another couple of great Ramones homages." Writing credits and track information adapted from the album's liner notes. Credits adapted from the album's liner notes. Greatest Hits Vol. 16 Greatest Hits Vol. 16 is a compilation album by the American rock band The Donnas, released in 2009 through Purple Feather Records, the band's independent record label. Despite its title, it is neither a greatest hits album nor the sixteenth volume in a series; rather, it is a collection of new material, B-sides, live recordings, previously unreleased tracks, and alternate versions and new recordings of songs from the band's back catalog, which together form a retrospective look at their career. The "Vol. 16" in the title refers to the album being released in the	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Kanamycin A Kanamycin A, often referred to simply as kanamycin, is an antibiotic used to treat severe bacterial infections and tuberculosis. It is not a first line treatment. It is used by mouth, injection into a vein, or injection into a muscle. Kanamycin is recommended for short-term use only, usually from 7 to 10 days. As with most antibiotics, it is ineffective in viral infections. Common side effects include hearing and balance problems. Kidney problems may also occur. Kanamycin is not recommended during pregnancy as it may harm the baby. It is likely safe during breastfeeding. Kanamycin is in the aminoglycoside family of medications. It works by blocking the production of proteins that are required for bacterial survival. Kanamycin was first isolated in 1957 by Hamao Umezawa from the bacterium "Streptomyces kanamyceticus". It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale cost in the developing world is US$0.85–1.52 per dose as of 2014. It is no longer commercially available in the United States. Kanamycin is indicated for short term treatment of bacterial infections caused by one or more of the following pathogens: "E. coli", "Proteus" species (both indole-positive and indole-negative), "Enterobacter aerogenes", "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "Serratia marcescens", and "Acinetobacter" species. In cases of serious infection when the causative organism is unknown, Kanamycin injection in conjunction with a penicillin- or cephalosporin-type drug may be given initially before obtaining results of susceptibility testing. Kanamycin does not treat viral infections. Kanamycin is pregnancy category D in the United States. Kanamycin enters breast milk in small amounts. The manufacturer therefore advises that people should either stop breastfeeding or kanamycin. The American Academy of Pediatrics considers kanamycin okay in breastfeeding. Kanamycin should be used with caution in newborns due to the risk of increased drug concentration resulting from immature kidney function. Serious side effects include ringing in the ears or loss of hearing, toxicity to kidneys, and allergic reactions to the drug. Other side effects include: Gastrointestinal effects Musculoskeletal effects Neurologic effects Metabolic effects Kanamycin interacts with the 30S subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes. It gives rise to substantial amounts of mistranslation and indirectly inhibits translocation during protein synthesis. Kanamycin works by interfering with protein synthesis. It binds to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome. This results in incorrect alignment with the mRNA and eventually leads to a misread that causes the wrong amino acid to be placed into the peptide. This leads to nonfunctional peptide chains. Kanamycin is a mixture of three main components: kanamycin A, B, and C. Kanamycin A is the major component in kanamycin. The effects of these components do not appear to be widely studied as individual compounds when used against prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. While the main product produced by "Streptomyces kanamyceticus" is kanamycin A, additional products are also produced, including kanamycin B, kanamycin C, kanamycin D and kanamycin X. The kanamycin biosynthetic pathway can be divided into two parts. The first part is common to several aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as butirosin and neomycin. In it a unique aminocyclitol, 2-deoxystreptamine, is biosynthesized from -glucopyranose 6-phosphate in four steps. At this point the kanamycin pathway splits into two branches due to the promiscuity of the next enzyme, which can utilize two different glycosyl donors - UDP-N-acetyl-α--glucosamine and UDP-α--glucose. One of the branches forms kanamycin C and kanamycin B, while the other branch forms kanamycin D and kanamycin X. However, both kanamycin B and kanamycin D can be converted to kanamycin A, so both branches of the pathway converge at kanamycin A. Kanamycin is used in molecular biology as a selective agent most commonly to isolate bacteria (e.g., "E. coli") which have taken up genes (e.g., of plasmids) coupled to a gene coding for kanamycin resistance (primarily Neomycin phosphotransferase II [NPT II/Neo]). Bacteria that have been transformed with a plasmid containing the kanamycin resistance gene are plated on kanamycin (50-100 ug/ml) containing agar plates or are grown in media containing kanamycin (50-100 ug/ml). Only the bacteria that have successfully taken up the kanamycin resistance gene become resistant and will grow under these conditions. As a powder, kanamycin is white to off-white and is soluble in water (50 mg/ml). At least one such gene, "Atwbc19" is native to a plant species, of comparatively large size and its coded protein acts in a manner which decreases the possibility of horizontal gene transfer from the plant to bacteria; it may be incapable of giving resistance to bacteria even if gene transfer occurs. The selection marker kanMX is a hybrid gene consisting of a bacterial aminoglycoside phosphotransferase (kan from transposon Tn903) under control of the strong TEF promoter from "Ashbya gossypii". Mammalian cells, yeast, and other eukaryotes acquire resistance to geneticin (= G418, an aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to kanamycin) when transformed with a kanMX marker. In yeast, the kanMX marker avoids the requirement of auxotrophic markers. In addition, the kanMX marker renders "E. coli" resistant to kanamycin. In shuttle vectors the KanMX cassette is used with an additional bacterial promoter. Several versions of the kanMX cassette are in use, e.g. kanMX1-kanMX6. They primarily differ by additional restriction sites and other small changes around the actual open reading frame. Kanamycin A Kanamycin A, often referred to simply as kanamycin, is an antibiotic used to treat severe bacterial infections and tuberculosis. It is not a first line treatment. It is used by mouth,	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
U.S. space exploration history on U.S. stamps With the advent of unmanned and manned space flight a new era of American history had presented itself. Keeping with the tradition of honoring the country's history on U.S. postage stamps, the U.S. Post Office began honoring the various events with its commemorative postage stamp issues. The first U.S. Postage issue to depict a U.S. space vehicle was issued in 1948, the Fort Bliss issue. The first issue to commemorate a space project by name was the ECHO I communications satellite commemorative issue of 1960. Next was the Project Mercury issue of 1962. As U.S. space exploration progressed a variety of other commemorative issues followed, many of which bear accurate depictions of satellites, space capsules, lunar modules, space suits, and other items of interest. Space exploration history is a popular topic, as record numbers of First-Day covers for postage stamps with space themes will attest. The Project Mercury issue of 1962 had more than three million 'First Day of Issue' cancellations, while the average number of First-Day cancels for other commemorative issues at that time was around half a million. In 1969, the Apollo VIII issue received 900,000 First-Day cancels while others received less than half this amount. As the advent of U.S. space exploration grew, so did the topic of Space Exploration on stamps. Fort Bliss has a long and diverse history and functioned in many capacities over the years. By February 1946, over 100 Operation Paperclip scientists had arrived from Nazi Germany to develop rockets and were attached to the Office of the Chief of Ordnance Corps, Research and Development Service, Suboffice (Rocket), headed by Major James P. Hamill. This stamp was issued on the 100th anniversary of Fort Bliss in El Paso, Texas, in its honor. Third Assistant Postmaster General Joseph L. Lawler dedicated the stamp in El Paso on November 5, 1948. The issue depicts what appears to be a rocket designed after the V-2 in the center, which technically makes it a "space stamp" in the Topographical world of philately. Based on findings made by Dr. Robert Goddard following World War I, the Germans hit a peak production of V-2's during 1944 and 1945 at Peenemunde. When they arrived in the United States, at Fort Bliss, they brought with them the knowledge of the V-2, and as such, the U.S. made arrangements with these scientists and employed their knowledge in developing rockets at Fort Bliss in Post War United States. It was this effort that led the way to the successful production of the great rockets that carried satellites and Astronauts into space. The stamp's designer, Charles R. Chickering, intended the issue to salute the old as well as the new Fort Bliss and portray some of the highlights of the Fort's hundred-year history. Chickering, of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, designed the stamp. C.A. Brooks engraved the vignette, and A.W. Christensen engraved the border, the lettering, and the numerals. The quantity issued was 64,561,000. Following the failure of the Delta rocket carrying Echo 1 on May 13, 1960, Echo 1A (commonly referred to as just Echo 1) was successfully put into a 944 to 1,048 mi orbit on August 12, 1960, by NASA. The 100 ft. diameter balloon was made of ultra thin (0.0050 in) metalized Mylar polyester film and was successfully used to reflect transcontinental and intercontinental telephone, radio, and television signals. The satellite also aided in the calculation of atmospheric density and solar pressure due to its large area-to-mass ratio. Because its shiny surface the large balloon-like satellite was also reflective of visible light rays, Echo 1A was visible to the naked eye over most of the Earth. Echo 1 was a passive communications satellite: it functioned as a reflector, not a transmitter. After it was placed in a low Earth orbit (LEO), a signal would be transmitted from Earth to the Echo satellite and then reflected or bounced off its surface, and then returned to Earth. It was the pioneer of communications satellites. Because it was brighter than most stars, it was seen by more people than any other man-made object in space at that time. Upon reentry into Earth's atmosphere ECHO 1A burned up on May 24, 1968. This was the first 'Space Stamp' with an actual subject of a real space vessel, unlike the generic or symbolic rocket depicted in the Fort Bliss issue of 1948. The U.S. Post Office issued this 4-cent Echo I "Communications for Peace" commemorative stamp through the Washington, D.C., post office on December 15, 1960. The stamp was produced and issued to honor the world's first communications satellite. Designed by Ervine Metzl, the stamp was printed by the rotary process, electric-eye perforated, and issued in panes of fifty stamps each. Quantities issued totaled more than 120 million. Project Mercury was the first human spaceflight program of the United States. It ran from 1959 through 1963 with the goal of putting a human in orbit around the Earth. The Mercury-Atlas 6 flight on February 20, 1962, was the first Mercury flight to achieve this goal. The Post Office Department honored this first orbital flight of a United States astronaut on February 20, 1962, when it released the Project Mercury commemorative stamp, placed on sale throughout the country at the exact hour Colonel John Glenn's historic flight officially had returned to Earth safely. The stamp features an image of the Mercury "Friendship 7" capsule circling the earth, against a field of stars. The spacecraft is now housed at the National Air and Space Museum, Washington, DC. Because the event was deemed so popular the number of quantities issued totaled more than 289 million, more than twice the average amount of quantities issued for commemorative postage issues of that time. This issue has somewhat of an unusual history. It was one of the first issues printed on the new Giori Press (named after its inventor, Gualtiero Giori). It employed a series of specially cut rubber rollers that applied two or three different colored inks on the same printing plate. As the new press was being used to print the Project Mercury stamp before the mission took place and in case the mission failed or was canceled, the Bureau of Engraving and Printing kept word about the new press and the stamp issue's production a secret. To further assure that the project be kept secret the designer of this issue, Charles R. Chickering, worked from his home and simply claimed that he was away on vacation. The stamps, waiting at post offices around the U.S., were sealed and marked "Top Secret". Only after Glenn's trip were the postmasters allowed to open the package and see what was inside. Robert Hutchings Goddard (October 5, 1882 – August 10, 1945) is widely recognized as the "father of rocketry," as he pioneered the modern propulsion rocket based on his knowledge of math, engineering and physics. His accomplishments included creating the first rocket propelled using liquid fuel and developing the first rocket to use internal vanes for guidance. He launched his first rocket in March 1926. Goddard continued to achieve many firsts in the field of rocketry with funding from institutions such as the Smithsonian. In 1919, the Smithsonian Institution published Robert Goddard's groundbreaking work, A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes. Other than from sources like the Smithsonian, Goddard received little public support for his research during his lifetime. He was the first to recognize the scientific potential of liquid fuel rockets in space travel and was instrumental in bringing about the design and construction of those rockets needed to implement those ideas. Though his work in the field was revolutionary, he was sometimes ridiculed by the public and in the press for his theories concerning spaceflight and therefore became protective of his privacy and his research work. Years after his death, as manned spaceflight finally became a reality,	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
funding from institutions such as the Smithsonian. In 1919, the Smithsonian Institution published Robert Goddard's groundbreaking work, A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes. Other than from sources like the Smithsonian, Goddard received little public support for his research during his lifetime. He was the first to recognize the scientific potential of liquid fuel rockets in space travel and was instrumental in bringing about the design and construction of those rockets needed to implement those ideas. Though his work in the field was revolutionary, he was sometimes ridiculed by the public and in the press for his theories concerning spaceflight and therefore became protective of his privacy and his research work. Years after his death, as manned spaceflight finally became a reality, Goddard at long last came to be recognized as the man who pioneered modern rocketry and ultimately space exploration. On October 5, 1964, the U.S. Post Office issued a postage stamp commemorating Robert Goddard. The stamp depicts an image of Goddard next to a rocket launching from the Kennedy Space Center. The Post Office released the stamp issues at a ceremony held in New Mexico. Goddard's wife, Esther Goddard, attended the ceremony. She was given the honor of pressing the button launching two rockets, one of which flew some mile and a half into the air. The two rockets each carried 1,000 first day covers, and after parachuting to the ground were recovered with the first day covers later sold to collectors. Designed by Robert J. Jones and printed on the Giori press, the quantities for this issue totaled more than 62 million. Gemini IV was a June 1965 manned space flight in NASA's Gemini program. It was the second manned Gemini flight, the tenth manned American flight and the 18th spaceflight of all time (includes X-15 flights over ). It was crewed by James McDivitt and Ed White. The highlight of the mission was the first space walk by an American, during which White remained tethered outside the spacecraft for 22 minutes. Tied to a tether, White fired his oxygen powered "zip gun" and floated out of the capsule. He traveled fifteen feet (five meters) out, and began to experiment with maneuvering. He found it easy, especially the pitch and yaw, although he thought the roll would use too much fuel. Two 5-cent se-tenant stamps comprise one illustration of an astronaut during a space walk, honoring the space accomplishments of the United States. These issues were first placed on sale on September 29, 1967, at Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The offset press and intaglio press were combined to produce this issue in sheets bearing one horizontal plate number. Offset printed the red stripes in the flags on the astronaut's spacesuit and capsule and light blue sky areas, as well as the inscription on the astronaut stamp. The Giori press printed dark blue sky areas, the aqua earth, and black tones on the capsule and astronaut. The inscription on the spaceship stamp was white. This issue was designed by Paul Calle of Stamford, Connecticut, who based his design from photos taken on the Gemini IV mission. The issue was printed by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. It was issued in panes of fifty, with an initial printing of 120 million. Up until the time of the Apollo VIII mission all manned ventures into space were confined to brief flights into space or to orbiting the Earth. Apollo VIII was the first human spaceflight mission to leave Earth orbit; the first to be captured by and escape from the gravitational field of another celestial body; and the first crew to voyage and then return to planet Earth from another celestial body – Earth's Moon. The three-man crew of mission Commander Frank Borman, Command Module Pilot James Lovell, and Lunar Module Pilot William Anders became the first humans to see the far side of the Moon with their own eyes, as well as the first humans to see planet Earth from beyond low Earth orbit. The mission was accomplished with the first manned launch of a Saturn V rocket. Apollo VIII was the second manned mission of the Apollo Program. While orbiting the Moon each man on board read a section from the Biblical creation story (verses 1–10) from the Book of Genesis, and it is this unprecedented historical event that is theme of the Apollo VIII issue's design, the issue being inscribed with the words, "In the beginning God..." superimposed on the photograph "Earthrise", taken by Anders. Borman finished the broadcast by wishing a Merry Christmas to everyone on Earth. This issue was first released in Houston Texas on May 5, 1969. Basing his design on the Anders' "Earthrise" photograph, and from the words they read from Genesis, Leonard E. Buckley designed the Apollo VIII commemorative issue of 1969. The issue was printed on the multi-color Giori Press. Quantities issued totaled more than 187 million. The Apollo 11 mission landed the first humans on the Moon. Launched on July 16, 1969, the third lunar mission of NASA's Apollo Program was crewed by Commander Neil A. Armstrong, Command Module Pilot Michael Collins, and Lunar Module Pilot Edwin E. 'Buzz' Aldrin, Jr. On July 20, Armstrong and Aldrin became the first humans to walk on the Moon, while Collins orbited in the Command Module. The Apollo 11 mission reached President John F. Kennedy's goal of putting a man on the Moon's surface by the end of the 1960s. On September 9, 1969, the U.S. Post office issued its first airmail stamp to depict a space exploration theme, the First Man on the Moon issue. The man depicted in the space suit is Neil Armstrong taking man's first step on the moon. This issue was designed by Paul Calle. The stamp's original master die was actually flown to the moon, and a letter with the stamp canceled on the way back. The quantities issued were more than 152 million making the issue quite common, and quite popular. Some issues are missing the red color resulting in the stripes of the flag emblem on Armstrong's arm being omitted making that issue quite scarce and expensive. This 'Space Achievements' issue depicts the Earth, Sun, Lunar Module, the Lunar Rover and astronauts. Two 8-cent se-tenant stamps commemorating a decade of space achievements were placed on sale August 2, 1971, at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, and Houston, Texas. First day covers were postmarked at two different post offices (Houston, Texas and Huntsville, Alabama, location of the two tracking stations.) rather than the usual one because of extraordinary popularity of the space program at the time of issuance. This issue was designed by Robert T. McCall of Paradise Valley, Arizona. Upon close examination of this issue one can see that it has an accurate depiction of the Lunar Rover, sitting on the Lunar surface. The Lunar landing module can also be seen in the background. This issue (pair) came in sheets of 50 (100 individual stamps), with an initial printing of 150 million. Skylab, a science and engineering laboratory, was the United States' first space station, and the second space station visited by a human crew. It was put into orbit by a Saturn V rocket on 14 May 1973. It was also the only space station NASA launched alone. The 100-ton space station was in Earth's orbit from 1973 to 1979 and it was visited by crews three times in 1973 and 1974. Circling 50 degrees north and south of the equator at an altitude of , Skylab had an orbital period of 93 minutes. There were a plethora of UV astronomy experiments done during the Skylab lifetime, as well as detailed X-ray studies of the Sun. The station was active until July 11, 1979, when it fell out of orbit. The 10-cent Skylab commemorative stamp first day of release took place at Houston, Texas, on May 14, 1974. This issue commemorates the first anniversary of the launching of Skylab, and depicts the station as it was repaired, complete with "umbrella" and missing the lost solar panel. The stamp was designed by Robert T. McCall and was issued in sheets of	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
alone. The 100-ton space station was in Earth's orbit from 1973 to 1979 and it was visited by crews three times in 1973 and 1974. Circling 50 degrees north and south of the equator at an altitude of , Skylab had an orbital period of 93 minutes. There were a plethora of UV astronomy experiments done during the Skylab lifetime, as well as detailed X-ray studies of the Sun. The station was active until July 11, 1979, when it fell out of orbit. The 10-cent Skylab commemorative stamp first day of release took place at Houston, Texas, on May 14, 1974. This issue commemorates the first anniversary of the launching of Skylab, and depicts the station as it was repaired, complete with "umbrella" and missing the lost solar panel. The stamp was designed by Robert T. McCall and was issued in sheets of fifty, with an initial printing of 140 million. In March 1972, scientists at NASA launched "Pioneer 10" to gather scientific data about the solar system's largest planet, Jupiter, while the vessel was also receiving radio control and guidance signals and other information from Earth. The Pioneer space craft was expected to last for 21 months in the solar system and deliver accurate information over that period of time. The fastest man made object to enter space from Earth, the spacecraft was to begin collecting data at the Asteroid Belt and Jupiter and continue to relay information about other areas and phenomena of the solar system. After "Pioneer 10" passed through the asteroid belt, "Pioneer 11", was launched on a similar trajectory. "Pioneer 10" became the first spacecraft to get close enough to Jupiter to send back revelations about the properties and phenomena of the solar system's largest planet. The 10-cent Pioneer commemorative stamp was issued on February 28, 1975, at Mountain View, California, and paid the domestic first-class rate for letters weighing less than one half ounce. Designed by Robert T. McCall and printed at the Bureau of Engraving and Printing on the Giori presses, the stamp shares numerous design elements with USA Scott 1557, the "Mariner 10" Issue of 1975. Engineered to explore the orbits of Venus and Mercury, "Mariner 10" launched in November 1973. The mission's two- year plan used the gravitational pull of Venus to reach Mercury. The probe also used solar winds to help with locomotion when fuel ran low. "Mariner 10" orbited the planets in the opposite direction of Earth's orbit. Mariner's first photographed images, which revealed Venus's dense cloud cover, reached NASA scientists in February 1974. Data collected by "Mariner 10" helped determine Venus's rotation period and use of Earth's magnetic field. Photos of Mercury revealed its cratered surface and its large scarps and plains. Research also recorded its radical temperature variations between night and day. The 10-cent "Mariner 10" commemorative stamp was issued on April 4, 1975, at Pasadena, California. It paid the domestic first-class rate for letters weighing less than a half ounce. The stamp shares numerous design elements with USA Scott 1556, and while they have different designers and dates of issue, the two are cataloged together under the heading "U.S. Unmanned Accomplishments in Space." Designed by Roy Gjertson, the "Mariner 10" commemorative postage issue was printed at the Bureau of Engraving and Printing in multi-color on the Giori presses. Quantities issued totaled more than 158 million. With the Apollo–Soyuz mission, two nations collaborated on a space project for the first time. In July 1975, the United States launched the manned Apollo Command module to rendezvous with Russia's manned Soyuz module. A special docking station facilitated interaction among the astronauts. Television stations worldwide broadcast the historic docking and bi-national greeting made by the astronauts. The modules remained docked for two days, during which the teams performed numerous experiments. The U.S. Postal Service issued this se-tenant pair of two 10-cent multicolored stamps on July 15, 1975, at Kennedy Space Center, Florida. Inexplicably, the circular program insignia on the left-hand stamp is rotated to the Soviet configuration, showing the red Soyuz section on the left. The Soviet Union also released stamps of similar design (Russia Scott 4339–4340) at the same time. This denomination paid the domestic first-class rate for letters weighing less than half ounce. Robert T. McCall designed the 'after link-up' image, and Anatoly Aksamit designed the 'before link-up' image. The Bureau of Engraving and Printing produced the stamps on the Andreotti press in sheets of ninety-six stamps, panes of twenty-four. Quantities issued for this pair of postage issues totaled more than 161 million. NASA's Viking program consisted of a pair of space probes sent to Mars, "Viking I" and "Viking II". Each vehicle was composed of two main parts, an orbiter designed to photograph the surface of Mars from orbit, and a lander designed to study the planet from the surface. The orbiters also served as communication relays for the landers once they touched down. Upon close examination one can discern the engraving of the landing component used to collect soil samples on Mars, the radio dish, landing gear and other equipment rendered by the engraver in this issue. The U.S. Postal Service released this issue at Hampton, Virginia, on July 20, 1978, the second anniversary of the Viking I lander's descent on to the Martian surface. The 15-cent denomination paid the new domestic rate that had recently increased from 13-cents two months earlier for a first-class letter weighing less than half ounce. It was the second such stamp issued to fulfill that rate. Designed by Robert T. McCall, the issue was printed at the Bureau of Engraving and Printing on the Giori presses in sheets of 200 stamps which were then cut into panes of fifty stamps for sale at post offices. First day of issue ceremony took place July 20, 1978, at Hampton, Va. Quantities issued totaled more than 158 million. On May 21, 1981, the Post Office released the Space Achievement commemorative issue, 18-cent stamps, in a block of eight format, one image being shared by four individual stamps, with four more aside them depicting various space exploration imagery. First day of issue occurred at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida. The four central stamps depict the Space Shuttle in its various modes of operation. The central theme of this issue involves the first actual 'in space' flights of the Space Shuttle and also pays tribute to twenty years of U.S. manned space exploration. The other stamps to the left and right sides are honoring the efforts of those who partook in the historical Moon walk, Skylab, and "Pioneer 11" missions. The images were modeled by Clarance Holbert. The stamp design by Robert T. McCall. The U.S. Space Shuttle stamp of 1995 depicts the famous liftoff of the Space Shuttle "Endeavour", Mission STS-57, which took place on June 21, 1993, from Kennedy Space Center, Florida. This issue was designed by Phil Jordan of Falls Church, Virginia. As an extra security measure, elliptical perforations were used on sheets of stamps to identify genuine issues from those that might be counterfeited. The postage stamps were manufactured by Ashton-Potter (USA) Ltd. in the offset/intaglio process. On June 22, 1995, in Anaheim, California, the USPS commemorated the Space Shuttle "Challenger", STS-7, with the issuance of a 3-dollar postage stamp. Again designed by Phil Jordan, the stamp features the "Challenger" Space Shuttle. The name of the Space Shuttle was inscribed in microtype and secretly blended into the design matrix to satisfy concern about matters of security. This was the first time that the Post Office used an actual photograph from a NASA mission, instead of an illustration based on a photograph. This issue was also printed by Ashton-Potter USA, Ltd., on the offset-intaglio printer. On November 19, 1998, in New York City, the Post Office	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
those that might be counterfeited. The postage stamps were manufactured by Ashton-Potter (USA) Ltd. in the offset/intaglio process. On June 22, 1995, in Anaheim, California, the USPS commemorated the Space Shuttle "Challenger", STS-7, with the issuance of a 3-dollar postage stamp. Again designed by Phil Jordan, the stamp features the "Challenger" Space Shuttle. The name of the Space Shuttle was inscribed in microtype and secretly blended into the design matrix to satisfy concern about matters of security. This was the first time that the Post Office used an actual photograph from a NASA mission, instead of an illustration based on a photograph. This issue was also printed by Ashton-Potter USA, Ltd., on the offset-intaglio printer. On November 19, 1998, in New York City, the Post Office issued the Space Shuttle Piggyback $11.75 definitive Express Mail postage stamp. With all the fanfare surrounding the United States space program, this ceremony was in conjunction with the special First Day of Issue grand event that in New York that year. This issue was also designed by Phil Jordan and was printed by the Banknote Corporation of America. U.S. space exploration history on U.S. stamps With the advent of unmanned and manned space flight a new era of American history had presented itself. Keeping with the tradition of honoring the country's history on U.S. postage stamps, the U.S. Post	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Expert RA Expert RA is Russia’s oldest credit rating agency and also the largest one in terms of both customers and headcount. Expert RA has been assigning credit ratings for 20 years already. Expert RA is on the list of authorized rating institutions, meaning that its credit ratings are applicable for regulatory purposes to banks, insurers, pension funds, and debt issuers. 1995 - First ratings assigned on the Expert magazine platform 1997 - A rating agency (Expert RA) established 1998 - Expert RA creates its Analytics & Communications Business line 2001 - Expert RA’s ratings integrated in the business environment. Accreditation by exchanges and professional associations 2010 - Expert RA accredited by Russia’s Ministry of Finance 2016 - Central Bank of Russia puts Expert RA on the list of accredited credit agencies 2017 - Change of the rating scale, 19 gradations introduce in the rating system 2018 - Expert RA signs a strategic partnership memorandum with China Chengxin Credit Rating Group (CCXI) - Credit Ratings Currently, Expert RA has more than 500 credit ratings outstanding, including 446 issuer and 148 issue credit ratings (as of July 1, 2018). The agency assigns credit ratings to regions and municipalities. - Communications & Analytics Expert RA addresses key national issues in cooperation with government agencies, public associations, and regional authorities. - Surveys and Rankings Expert RA publishes over 50 research papers and analytical reports on insurance, banking, asset management, leasing, factoring, auditing, consulting and other industries annually. - Business Events Every year, Expert RA holds events such as forums, conferences, and round tables to discuss research and work out solutions and scenarios for business community and public authorities. Expert RA National Rating Scale for the Russian Federation Effective from 10 April 2017 Expert RA has 16 currently active credit rating methodologies, of which 11 are recognized by the regulator as fully complying with Law 222-FZ and suitable for regulatory purposes. Recognized for regulatory purposes Under review Expert RA Expert RA is Russia’s oldest credit rating agency and also the largest one in terms of both customers and headcount. Expert RA has been assigning credit ratings for 20 years already. Expert RA is on the list of authorized rating institutions, meaning that its credit ratings are applicable for regulatory purposes to banks, insurers, pension funds, and debt issuers. 1995 - First ratings assigned on the Expert magazine platform 1997 - A rating agency (Expert	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
CYP1A2 Cytochrome P450 1A2 (abbreviated CYP1A2), a member of the cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase system, is involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics in the body. In humans, the CYP1A2 enzyme is encoded by the "CYP1A2" gene. CYP1A2 is a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. CYP1A2 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and its expression is induced by some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), some of which are found in cigarette smoke. The enzyme's endogenous substrate is unknown; however, it is able to metabolize some PAHs to carcinogenic intermediates. Other xenobiotic substrates for this enzyme include caffeine, aflatoxin B1, and paracetamol (acetaminophen). The transcript from this gene contains four Alu sequences flanked by direct repeats in the 3' untranslated region. CYP1A2 also metabolizes polyunsaturated fatty acids into signaling molecules that have physiological as well as pathological activities. It has monoxygenase activity for certain of these fatty acids in that it metabolizes arachidonic acid to 19-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (19-HETE) (see 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid) but also has epoxygenase activity in that it metabolizes docosahexaenoic acid to epoxides, primarily 19"R",20"S"-epoxyeicosapentaenoic acid and 19"S",20"R"-epoxyeicosapentaenoic acid isomers (termed 19,20-EDP) and similarly metabolizes eicosapentaenoic acid to epoxides, primarily 17"R",18"S"-eicosatetraenic acid and 17"S",18"R"-eicosatetraenic acid isomers (termed 17,18-EEQ). 19-HETE is an inhibitor of 20-HETE, a broadly active signaling molecule, e.g. it constricts arterioles, elevates blood pressure, promotes inflammation responses, and stimulates the growth of various types of tumor cells; however the in vivo ability and significance of 19-HETE in inhibiting 20-HETE has not been demonstrated (see 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid). The EDP (see Epoxydocosapentaenoic acid) and EEQ (see epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid) metabolites have a broad range of activities. In various animal models and in vitro studies on animal and human tissues, they decrease hypertension and pain perception; suppress inflammation; inhibit angiogenesis, endothelial cell migration and endothelial cell proliferation; and inhibit the growth and metastasis of human breast and prostate cancer cell lines. It is suggested that the EDP and EEQ metabolites function in humans as they do in animal models and that, as products of the omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, the EDP and EEQ metabolites contribute to many of the beneficial effects attributed to dietary omega-3 fatty acids. EDP and EEQ metabolites are short-lived, being inactivated within seconds or minutes of formation by epoxide hydrolases, particularly soluble epoxide hydrolase, and therefore act locally. CYP1A2 is not regarded as being a major contributor to forming the cited epoxides but could act locally in certain tissues to do so. Expression of CYP1A2 appears to be induced by various dietary constituents. Vegetables such as cabbages, cauliflower and broccoli are known to increase levels of CYP1A2. Lower activity of CYP1A2 in South Asians appears to be due to cooking these vegetables in curries using ingredients such as cumin and turmeric, ingredients known to inhibit the enzyme. Following is a table of selected substrates, inducers and inhibitors of CYP1A2. Inhibitors of CYP1A2 can be classified by their potency, such as: CYP1A2 Cytochrome P450 1A2 (abbreviated CYP1A2), a member of the cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase system, is involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics in the body. In humans, the CYP1A2 enzyme is encoded by the "CYP1A2" gene. CYP1A2 is a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. CYP1A2 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and its expression is induced by some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), some of which are found in	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Richard Menta Richard Menta is an American journalist, and the publisher of MP3 Newswire. Known for over a decade of commentary that followed the evolution of digital media and intellectual property protection, Menta is also an information security professional. During the 1990s Menta worked for various publishers, including Simon and Schuster and American Lawyer Media, where he built business models designed to leverage offline content into the online world. This included early experimentation with digital audio and video, which he oversaw, and this eventually led him to found MP3 Newswire. By 1999 Menta steered MP3 Newswire to original content, making it a place for knowledgeable professionals to share their opinions. Richard Menta Richard Menta is an American journalist, and the publisher of MP3 Newswire. Known for over a decade of commentary that followed the evolution of digital media and intellectual property protection, Menta is also an information security professional. During the 1990s Menta worked for various publishers, including Simon and Schuster and American Lawyer Media, where he built business models designed to leverage offline content into the online world. This included early experimentation with digital audio and video, which he oversaw, and this eventually led him to found MP3 Newswire.	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Veintiocho de Noviembre 28 de Noviembre, written out as Veintiocho de Noviembre, is a town in southwestern Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. It has roughly 5,300 inhabitants, most of whom are of Argentinian and Italian origin, and is located west of Río Gallegos and south of Río Turbio. The town is near the border with Chile, not far from Puerto Natales. Its main economic activity is coal mining. The town was officially founded on November 28, 1959, on the second anniversary of the adoption of the provincial constitution, when a decree merged several settlements into one town which was named after the date of foundation. 28 de Noviembre is the nearest town to Río Turbio Airport. Veintiocho de Noviembre 28 de Noviembre, written out as Veintiocho de Noviembre, is a town in southwestern Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. It has roughly 5,300 inhabitants, most of whom are of Argentinian and Italian origin, and is located west of Río Gallegos and south of Río Turbio. The town is near the border with Chile, not far from Puerto Natales. Its main economic activity is coal mining. The town was officially founded on November 28, 1959, on the second anniversary of the adoption of the	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Santa Maria ad Ogni Bene dei Sette Dolori Santa Maria ad Ogni Bene dei Sette Dolori, also known as Santa Maria de Sette Dolori, is a Roman Catholic church in Naples, Italy. It stands on a hill, providing an excellent view of Spaccanapoli, a Decumanus of Naples which ends across via Francesco Girardi. From the door of the church, one has a direct view across Naples through the straight decumanus. The church also faces the former convent of Santissima Trinità delle Monache. In 1411, a shrine with a statue of the Virgin was converted by the locals into a chapel called "Santa Maria d'Ognibene" (Holy Mary of all gifts). After the plague of 1516, the chapel and statue became a convent and church run by the Servite Order. In 1597, the cardinal Alfonso Carafa made this into a parish church, which was then briefly attached to the Congregation of Pii Operari, which had been started by Carlo Carafa. It was retransferred to the Servites, and remained so till 1809, till the monks were expelled. When they left, they took with them the statue of the Addolorata. The church and the Servite order was attached to a form of Marian devotion centered around the "sette dolori", which roughly translates to the seven sorrows, of the "Maria Addolorata" (Our Lady of Sorrows). These sorrows are roughly identified from scriptural interpretations. When the cholera struck Naples in 1836, the parish retrieved the statue and in 1837 placed it on the main altar. The church in 1849 was named a minor basilica by Pope Pius IX. The church we see now was mainly built starting 1640, by designs of Giovanni Cola Cocco. Other sources attribute the work to Nicola Tagliacozzi Canale. A number of artworks are associated with the church. The first chapel on right had a "Christ heals the lame San Pellegrino Laziosi" by Paolo de Matteis, with two lateral paintings by Carlo, the son of Nicola Malinconico. In the fourth chapel is a canvas depicting "St Sebastian" by Mattia Preti, and a "St Jerome" by followers of Ribera. In the first chapel to the left was a "Baptism" attributed to Silvestro Buono and in the 5th chapel, the "Francesco di Paola" has been attributed to Marco Cardisco. The famous sculptor and architect Cosimo Fanzago is buried in this church. The repertoire of paintings in the church now differs in many regards from the catalogue of Galante. Santa Maria ad Ogni Bene dei Sette Dolori Santa Maria ad Ogni Bene dei Sette Dolori, also known as Santa Maria de Sette Dolori, is a Roman Catholic church in Naples, Italy. It stands on a hill, providing an excellent view of Spaccanapoli, a Decumanus of Naples which ends across via Francesco Girardi. From the door of the church, one has a direct view across Naples through the straight decumanus. The church also faces the former convent of Santissima Trinità delle Monache. In 1411, a shrine with a statue of the Virgin was converted by the	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Taipei City Arts Promotion Office Taipei City Arts Promotion Office () is a cultural center in Songshan District, Taipei, Taiwan. The founding preparation and planning stage of the cultural center began in April 1961. It was opened in January 1964 under the Department of Education of the Taipei City Government as the Taipei Municipal Social Education Hall(臺北市立社會教育館) at Chung-Shan Building in Taipei. In January 1967, the center borrowed the Ming-Lun Hall of Taipei Confucius Temple as their temporary location. In 1976, the center decided to construct its own place at the Municipal Park No. 5. The construction work commenced in March 1979 and was completed in June 1983. The center was officially reopened to the public on 22 October in the same year. In November 1999, the center was taken over by the Department of Cultural Affairs and its English name was changed to Taipei Cultural Center. In November 2015, the center was changed to Taipei City Arts Promotion Office. The cultural center is accessible within walking distance South East from Taipei Arena MRT station of Taipei Metro. Taipei City Arts Promotion Office Taipei City Arts Promotion Office () is a cultural center in Songshan District, Taipei, Taiwan. The founding	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
DC animated universe (comics) While Batman and Superman had their own animated series and comic book follow-ups, the rest of the characters in the would appear in the following comics often. The Batman Adventures was created as a comic book tie-in to and The New Batman Adventures. Various titles related to the animated series ran from 1992 to 2004, along with various mini-series and one-shots. Similar to "The Batman Adventures", Superman Adventures was created as a comic book tie-in to . It ran between 1996 and 2002. Adventures in the DC Universe is the title of a comic book published by DC Comics. Following on from "Batman Adventures" and "Superman Adventures", "Adventures in the DC Universe" used the same "animated style" as seen in the DC Animated Universe, but focused on a rotating cast of characters from throughout the DC Universe. Most of the characters appearing in this series had yet to be seen in any DC Animated Universe series and, as such, their designs and histories were quite different from their appearances in the television series, such as "Justice League". For example, Kyle Rayner often appears in this series, but he appears to be far less like his animated-series counterpart (who had not yet appeared on ""), and is more reflective, both visually and historically, of the character appearing in the regular DC Universe comics. Justice League Adventures is a DC comic book series featuring the Justice League, but set in the continuity (and style) of the television shows "Justice League" and "Justice League Unlimited"; as opposed to the regular DC Universe. It is a sister title to "Batman Adventures" (based on "") and "Superman Adventures" (based on ""). "Justice League Adventures" ran for 34 issues from 2002–2004 before being restarted under the title Justice League Unlimited (to match the recreation and renaming of the television series). The new title ran for 46 issues from 2004–2008 before being canceled in May 2008, ending the last production of the DC Animated Universe. Batman Beyond also received a number of on-going and mini-series related to the series. Due to the popularity of the Batman Beyond concept, numerous tie-ins and cameos were created as a bridge between the DC animated universe and the DC Universe. Since 2012, DC Comics publishes three weekly digital series related to Batman Beyond, as prints them monthly as Batman Beyond Unlimited. While the "Justice League" and "Justice League Unlimited" comics did use many characters from the DC Universe, some characters never made it to the screen. Those that did not appear in the television series are listed below: The entire Marvel Family (except for Captain Marvel, who made a one-time appearance) were unable to appear on "Justice League Unlimited" due to legal reasons. DC animated universe (comics) While Batman and Superman had their own animated series and comic book follow-ups, the rest of the characters in the would appear in the following comics often. The Batman Adventures was created as a comic book tie-in to and The	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Gaucho sheepdog The Gaucho Sheepdog () is a dog breed that originated in the Gaucho Pampas, Brazil. The breed is not recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI), but it has been recognized by the CBKC, a Brazilian kennel club affiliated with FCI. Dogs of this breed are often characterized as sturdy and agile, which makes them suitable for herding activities. The Gaucho sheepdog is widely used for herding sheep and other livestock, especially in the southern region of Brazil. The Gaucho Sheepdog was discovered in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil by shepherds in search of dogs with better herding abilities. There are two theories for the origin of the breed. The older and more widespread theory argues that the Gaucho Sheepdog descends from herding dogs (unspecific breed) in Rio Grande do Sul. This theory is based on the physical and behavioral characteristics of the breed, as well as historical context. The breed bears similarities to the Border Collie and Rough Collie breeds that arrived with European settlers in the 19th and 20th century to herd farm animals such as cattle, horses, and sheep. The Border Collie likely arrived in the municipality of Uruguaianain Rio Grande do Sul in the 1950s, along with a herd of Australian Merino sheep. Subsequently, these dogs were introduced in Pelotas city. The Rough Collies first arrived at the end of the 19th century with European immigrants, then later in the early 20th century. In addition to arriving with their European owners, this breed was also imported by farmers who wanted to modernize herd management techniques on their ranches. As a result of a recent historical, morphological, and behavioral study of the breed, a second origin theory developed. This hypothesis posits that the Gaucho Sheepdog descended from the herding dogs (unspecific breed) in the region, as well as the Rough Collie, Estrela Mountain Dog, and German Shepherd. Both theories conclude that the herding breeds, upon arriving in this region, underwent genetic selection. Dogs with sheep herding aptitude were bred selectively to meet demand from gaucho cowboys seeking herding dogs. A new breed emerged in a short time: the Gaucho Sheepdog, with a phenotype more adapted to the climate and geography of the region and a temperament more adapted to the needs of the local cowboys, maintaining an excellent aptitude for sheep herding. Morphologically, Gaucho Sheepdogs are similar to Border Collies, but they move differently when they are shepherding. Their size and height are medium, larger than Border Collies and a little bit smaller than Collies. Their coats are of moderate length, with or without an undercoat, in various colors. This breed is not known to be aggressive. Gaucho Sheepdogs are seen as good watchdog candidates since they are alert to strange noises, although they seldom attack intruders. They are smart dogs and learn commands quickly, and they are not aggressive with their herds. These dogs are known to co-exist happily with humans, as they are docile and friendly. Gaucho sheepdog The Gaucho Sheepdog () is	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Anupam Saraph Anupam Saraph is a respected innovator and polymath who has been an advisor in governance, informatics and strategic planning. Anupam Saraph obtained a PhD from the University of Groningen, Netherlands in Informatics while working with the IMAGE team at the RIVM and IVEM in the Netherlands. He is an acclaimed leadership, strategy and innovation mentor. His leadership, innovation and foresight in diverse sectors have left lasting value. Earlier Anupam Saraph has worked extensively with Donella Meadows on global modelling and systems theories Theory of Organization of Systems. He is credited with the development of systems theories and simulation tools that model the behavior of actors in a system and explore the evolution of systems. Anupam Saraph has also worked with Malcolm Slesser et al. in Edinburgh in the late 1990s to develop the ECCO modelling paradigm for assessing the economic and energy potentials of nations and regions. Slesser and Saraph are also credited with the 10th World Model, Monde, that allowed the common man to explore the impact of their actions on global sustainability. The work of Saraph and Slesser also allows development planning and help formulate economic policies. Anupam Saraph Anupam Saraph is a respected innovator and	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
HMS Latona (1781) HMS "Latona" was a 36-gun, fifth-rate frigate of the Royal Navy that served during the American Revolution, the French Revolutionary Wars, and the Napoleonic Wars. Shortly after her launch in 1781, she participated in the Battle of Dogger Bank against a Dutch squadron in the North Sea. In September 1782, "Latona" took part in the relief of Gibraltar and was the first ship in the convoy to pass through the Straits, when Richard Howe sent her ahead, to spy on the condition of the Franco-Spanish fleet in Algeciras Bay. Late in 1792, when the British began re-arming in anticipation of another war with France, "Latona" underwent a refit and was recommissioned for the Channel Fleet. On 18 November 1793, she spotted, chased and engaged a squadron of six ships-of-the-line and some smaller vessels. She was unable to detain the enemy ships for long and they escaped before the rest of the British fleet could catch up. Still with Howe's fleet in May 1794, "Latona" and her compatriots were waiting for a large grain convoy bound for France from the United States. The British eventually found what they were looking for off Ushant on 28 May, and began a running battle which ended three days later on the Glorious First of June. "Latona" escaped serious damage despite being actively involved in the battle, coming to the assistance of the ship-of-the-line and firing on two French 74s before towing her to safety. "Latona" operated with a British squadron in the Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland during August 1799, and was present at the Vlieter Incident, when a Dutch squadron surrendered without resistance. She subsequently served in the Baltic before being decommissioned and laid up in ordinary, shortly after the Treaty of Amiens. Hostilities resumed in May 1803, but "Latona" was not brought back into service until the end of 1804. In April 1806, she was sent to the West Indies and was part of a small squadron of four frigates that captured Curaçao, on 1 January 1807. Sailing into the harbour second, behind , she helped the British frigate capture the 36-gun "Kenau Hasselar" before putting men ashore to storm the town and its defences. When the 40-gun "Junon" escaped a blockade of the Îles des Saintes in February 1809, she was pursued by "Latona", a second frigate and two brigs. As the French frigate engaged the 14-gun , "Latona" caught up and forced her to strike. A French expedition to the Caribbean under Amable Troude in April also found itself trapped when it stopped at the Îles des Saintes. When the islands were captured by a force under Major-General Frederick Maitland, the French squadron was forced to flee. "Latona", the ship-of-the-line and the frigate went after the 74-gun "Hautpoult" which struck two days later, when more British ships appeared on the horizon. "Latona" was converted to a troopship in May 1810 then hulked in 1813. In October that year, she began service as a receiving ship at Leith, then in December, she was recommissioned as a warship and used as the flagship of Admiral Sir William Johnstone Hope. She was sold in 1816. "Latona" was a 36-gun frigate designed by the senior surveyor John Williams and ordered on 22 March 1779. Her keel, of was laid down at Limehouse in November 1782 by the shipwright company, Greaves and Purnell. When finished, she was along the gun deck, had a beam of and a depth in the hold of . She was 944 tons burthen and drew between and . The frigate was initially designed to carry a main battery of twenty-eight guns, with a secondary armament of ten guns on the upperworks. On 30 September the armament was increased by the addition of ten 18-pounder carronades, although only eight were fitted, and fourteen swivel guns. Then on 25 April 1780, it was decided to upgrade the six-pound long guns with . In this era it was common for each surveyor to produce independent designs for new ship types, and this design was a counterpoint to Edward Hunt's HMS "Minerva"; together the two draughts represent the prototype of the thirty-eight gun, 18-pounder armed frigate. "Latona" was launched on 13 March 1781 and taken down the Thames to Deptford where she was fitted-out and coppered between 15 March and 21 April. "Latona's" build and first fitting cost the Admiralty £22,470.3.5d. "Latona" was commissioned in March 1781, and in the August following, she participated in the Battle of Dogger Bank under the command of Captain Hyde Parker. His father, Vice-Admiral Sir Hyde Parker, 5th Baronet, commanded the fleet at the battle. Great Britain had declared war on the Dutch Republic in December 1780, following the latter's refusal to cease trading with emerging United States. Since then, the British had been blockading the Dutch coast while protecting its own merchant shipping. "Latona" was one of the escorts accompanying a convoy of ships from the Baltic on 5 August. At 04:00, a Dutch fleet was seen. Admiral Hyde Parker immediately dispatched his convoy toward the English coast, and ordered a general chase. The Dutch admiral, Johan Zoutman, chose to keep his convoy under his lee. After a bloody battle with casualties high on both sides, the Dutch returned to Texel, whence they came. After November 1781, "Latona" was in the English Channel under Lord Hugh Conway, and on 25 April 1782 she captured a privateer, "Bernardin". "Latona" was part of Richard Howe's fleet in the summer of 1782 and took part in the relief of Gibraltar in September. The supply ships left England on 11 September, escorted by Howe's 34 ships-of-the-line. While rounding Cape St Vincent, on 8 October, "Latona" was dispatched to report on the condition of the Franco-Spanish fleet in the bay of Algeciras. It was known that this force of about 48 ships-of-the-line was poised to attack Gibraltar and, even if no attack was forthcoming, would pose a significant obstacle to Howe's relief mission. She returned two days later with news that an attack had already taken place and had been beaten off. The convoy entered the straits, and successfully delivered the vital supplies, food, and ammunition to the besieged, between the 16 and 18 October. The large combined French and Spanish fleet, which had been blown off station, appeared on 19 October but was lured away by Howe's fleet the following day. The faster British ships, never intending to give battle, were easily able to withdraw after a short engagement. "Latona" paid off in April 1783 but was recommissioned the following month under Thomas Boston and, in November, she sailed for the Leeward Islands. Command passed successively to Charles Sandys in May 1784 then Lieutenant Velters Cornewall Berkeley in March 1786. The latter held the position until the ship paid off once again, in October. "Latona" was laid up for some time before, in November 1788, work began at Woolwich to make her ready for sea once more. £15,978.0.0d was spent on extensive repairs and a refit. She was recommissioned in May 1790 by Albemarle Bertie but by the end of the year, she had been removed from service. Late in 1792, anticipating that it would soon be forced to enter the war in Europe, Britain began military preparations. In December, "Latona" was recommissioned under Edward Thornbrough and following a £12,644.0.0d refit, began service in The Channel in January 1793. She captured a French privateer, "Amerique", in March and two more in May; "Franklin" and "Ambitieux" of ten guns apiece. In July 1793, "Latona" was attached to Richard Howe's Channel fleet. Howe's 22 ships-of-the-line and accompanying frigates were returning from a cruise in the Bay of Biscay on 18 November, when "Latona" signalled the presence of enemy ships in Cancale Bay. They turned out to be a French squadron of six ships-of-the-line, two frigates and two smaller craft out of Brest. Mistaking the British for a convoy they were expecting, the French ships began to sail towards their foe but soon realised their error and fled. Using his frigates to keep the enemy in	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
under Edward Thornbrough and following a £12,644.0.0d refit, began service in The Channel in January 1793. She captured a French privateer, "Amerique", in March and two more in May; "Franklin" and "Ambitieux" of ten guns apiece. In July 1793, "Latona" was attached to Richard Howe's Channel fleet. Howe's 22 ships-of-the-line and accompanying frigates were returning from a cruise in the Bay of Biscay on 18 November, when "Latona" signalled the presence of enemy ships in Cancale Bay. They turned out to be a French squadron of six ships-of-the-line, two frigates and two smaller craft out of Brest. Mistaking the British for a convoy they were expecting, the French ships began to sail towards their foe but soon realised their error and fled. Using his frigates to keep the enemy in sight, Howe set off in pursuit, but only "Latona" got close enough to engage. Coming up on the rearmost ships in the afternoon, she was eventually driven off when two French ships-of-the-line joined the action. In an attempt to catch up, some off the British ships were carrying too much sail; causing their topmasts to break. The chase was therefore abandoned. Although the French squadron was seen again on 19 November, bad weather prevented Howe staying in touch and the French were soon lost from sight. A few days later, on 27 November, "Latona" was in a squadron under the command of Captain Thomas Pasley of the 74-gun , which captured the 28-gun privateer, "Blonde" off Ushant. Still with the Channel fleet in May 1794, "Latona" and her compatriots were waiting for a large grain convoy bound for France from the United States. Howe's fleet arrived off Ushant on 5 May and the frigates "Latona" and "Phaeton" were tasked with circumnavigating the island and looking in the Brest roads for the French fleet. When they returned to report the French were still in port, Howe set off to try and intercept the convoy before it could gain the protection of the Brest fleet. After almost two weeks spent searching the shipping lanes and finding nothing, the British fleet returned and on 19 May, "Phaeton" and "Latona" were again dispatched to monitor the roads. After finding the anchorage empty, the two frigates stopped an American vessel and learnt from the crew that the French fleet had sailed three days earlier. On the same day (19 May), the frigate joined Howes' fleet with news that a British squadron, under George Montagu, desperately needed reinforcements. The next day, after "Latona" and "Phaeton"s return, Howes' fleet set off to rendezvous with Montagu and on the morning of 21 May, encountered a former Dutch convoy, taken by the French two days previous. Howe's ships managed to recapture about half, but unable to spare the men, Howe had his prizes burned. Realising now that the French fleet was nearby and that Montagu was safe, Howe abandoned his previous plan and set off in pursuit. The British found their quarry on 28 May, some west of Ushant, and engaged in a running battle, culminating on 1 June 1794. And, although seven French ships were captured or sunk without the British losing any, the vital grain convoy arrived in France without significant loss. The killed and wounded among the British fleet amounted to 2,048. Casualties from the six French prizes alone were upwards of 1,200 and it is estimated that among the French fleet, 7,000 men were killed, wounded or taken prisoner. "Latona" did not lose any of her crew despite being actively involved in the battle when, at 08:45 she came to the assistance of "Bellerophon", firing on two French 74s before towing her to safety. There was a change of command and duty for "Latona" in September, when under Arthur Legge, she was part of a royal escort for Princess Caroline of Brunswick. Then a few days later, on 3 December, "Latona" captured the French brig "Intrepide" 40 leagues west-north-west of Lisbon. She was pierced for 18 guns but carried twelve 6-pounders, an 18-pounder carronade, and a brass 12-pounder gun. During the chase she threw all her guns overboard except for the 12-pounder and one 6-pounder, both of which she used as stern chasers, firing, but without effect, until "Latona" was almost alongside. She had a crew of 83 men aboard, under the command of M. Jean Candeau. On her cruise she had captured only one vessel, a galliot belonging to Bremen, which had been sailing from Faro to Liverpool with a cargo of fruit. John Bligh assumed command in May 1797 when "Latona" served as flagship to Admiral William Waldegrave. At the end of the month, she set sail for Newfoundland, where the Admiral was to serve as the newly-appointed governor. In November Frank Sotheron became "Latona's" captain and on 29 November was off Portugal when she captured the French Bordeaux-based privateer schooner "Aigle" about 107 leagues North by West from Lisbon. "Aigle" had sailed from near Bayonne, on 6 November, but had captured nothing. She was pierced for 14 guns but carried only 12 small carriage guns, and had a crew of 62 men under the command of Francis Harimendy. "Latona" returned to England in February 1798 but was brought back to the West Indies in April and remained on that station for much of the remaining year. In December, she was back home once more. Between 8 March 1799 and 12 May, "Latona" captured many small Dutch vessels. "Latona" operated with a British squadron in the Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland during August 1799 which resulted in the surrender of a Dutch squadron in the Vlieter roads. A combined fleet under Admiral Lord Duncan, comprising eight ships-of-the-line, three fourth-rates and six frigates, one of which was "Latona", arrived off Texel on 22 August. With it, were more than 230 other craft, carrying supplies and 27,000 troops. After failing to persuade the Dutch to hand over their ships, the troops were landed near Helder on the morning of 27 August. After an engagement with a Franco-Dutch force, the city was captured. At the same time, a single British frigate, , entered the Nieuwe Diep and captured the ships there which were laid up in ordinary. Among them were 13 warships carrying a total of 510 guns, and of these, four small frigates and a 44-gun vessel were added to the Royal Navy. Two days later, a British squadron under Vice-Admiral Andrew Mitchell entered the Vlieter roads where a Dutch squadron under Vice-Admiral Samuel Story was anchored. "Latona" and two other frigates grounded in the narrow channel, but all managed to get off and join their compatriots in line opposite the Dutch, who accepted an offer to surrender and handed over their ships. "Latona" was operating on the Lisbon station towards the end of the year, where she captured two privateers: the 12-gun "Aigle" on 29 November, and the 14-gun "Intrepide" on 3 December. In 1800, she was re-assigned to the North Sea where in April, off Flamborough, she took the 14-gun privateer "Virginie". Following a spell in the Baltic Sea, early in 1801, "Latona" was at Deptford in October before joining the Channel Fleet in 1802. This was another short-lived appointment: "Latona" returned to the Baltic and was stationed off St Petersburg from August to October. She then sailed back to England and paid off. Having been laid up in ordinary since October 1802, "Latona" required substantial repair before returning to service. The work was undertaken at Deptford between April and October 1804; after which she was taken into the Channel, by Thomas L. M. Gosselin, who had taken command in August. "Latona" captured the Spanish ketch " Amphion", armed with 12 guns and 70 men, at sea on 22 October 1805. In April 1806, "Latona" was under Captain James Wood, and in June, she had her carronades upgraded to . She was then sent to Jamaica where, later in the year, she was part of a small squadron sent by James Dacres, to ascertain the willingness of the population of Curaçao to enter into an alliance. "Latona" with the razee and the frigate , left Port Royal on 29 November with orders	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
and paid off. Having been laid up in ordinary since October 1802, "Latona" required substantial repair before returning to service. The work was undertaken at Deptford between April and October 1804; after which she was taken into the Channel, by Thomas L. M. Gosselin, who had taken command in August. "Latona" captured the Spanish ketch " Amphion", armed with 12 guns and 70 men, at sea on 22 October 1805. In April 1806, "Latona" was under Captain James Wood, and in June, she had her carronades upgraded to . She was then sent to Jamaica where, later in the year, she was part of a small squadron sent by James Dacres, to ascertain the willingness of the population of Curaçao to enter into an alliance. "Latona" with the razee and the frigate , left Port Royal on 29 November with orders to enlist the 38-gun , then somewhere at sea. The three vessels, under the command of Charles Brisbane in "Arethusa", arrived in Aruba on 22 December, having been held back by unfavourable winds and tides, and were joined the following day by "Fisgard". The expedition left on 24 December and arrived off Curaçao on 1 January 1807. The island was heavily defended by a chain of fortifications along the high ground, that also overlooked the harbour. Fort Amsterdam, had 60 guns guarding the entrance, and inside, the guns of a second large fort, Fort Republick, covered the entire anchorage. With such a small force at his disposal, Brisbane thought a peaceful solution unlikely and, in order that he might begin negotiations from a position of strength, sailed his ships straight into the harbour. The "Arethusa" led under a flag of truce, which the Dutch ignored, "Latona" second, followed by "Anson" and "Fisgard", the latter grounding after a shift of wind. At 06:15, the British still coming under heavy fire, the flag of truce was taken down and an action started on the ships in the harbour. "Arethusa" fired three broadsides into the 36-gun frigate, "Kenau Hasselar", before Brisbane led a boarding party. Shortly after, "Latona" drew along side and the Dutch ship was taken. In the meantime, men from "Anson" boarded and captured the 22-gun "Suriname". Two schooners were also seized in the battle. Sailors from all four British frigates went ashore at 07:30, storming Fort Amsterdam, which was successfully overcome in about ten minutes, before taking the town and its citadel. After which, at 09:30, they returned to their ships and, after half an hour, had pounded Fort Republik into submission. By noon, the whole island had capitulated. "Latona" lost one man killed and two wounded; in all, the British lost three killed and 14 wounded. The Dutch lost nearly 200 men. On the ships alone, six men were killed, including Commandant Cornelius J. Evertz, who commanded the Dutch naval force in Curaçao and seven wounded, of whom one died later. "Latona's" captain, Wood, was knighted for his part in the action, as was Brisbane. The Patriotic Fund gave each of the four captains a gold medal and a gift; Wood received a vase valued at £105.0.0d. Several promotions were given to the lesser officers and in 1849, the Admiralty awarded the Naval General Service Medal with clasp "Curacoa 1 Jany. 1807" to surviving claimants. "Latona" was part of the squadron under Admiral Sir Alexander Cochrane that captured the Danish islands of St Thomas on 22 December and Santa Cruz on 25 December 1807. The Danes did not resist and the invasion was bloodless. Under the command of Hugh Pigot, "Latona" was at the Action of 10 February 1809, where she was involved in the capture of the French 40-gun frigate "Junon". On 7 February, "Junon" escaped from a British blockade of the Îles des Saintes. She was seen and chased by two small brigs, one of which soon fell behind but the other, of 14-guns, kept her in sight and was joined on the 9th by "Latona"; the crew of which had been alerted by the sound of gunfire. The next day, "Junon" was still some way ahead of her pursuers when two more British ships, the 38-gun and the 18-gun , appeared and caused her to alter her course. Seeing "Latona" steering to cut her off, "Junon" turned back towards "Horatio", passing her on the opposite tack and exchanging fire. A short engagement followed in which both frigates were greatly damaged but "Junon", less so in the sails and rigging, was able to leave "Horatio" behind. She was then attacked by "Superiere" until "Latona" caught up and opened fire. "Junon's" main and mizzen mast fell and she struck. In April 1809, a French squadron under Amable Troude, comprising three 74s and two armed-storeships, arrived at the Îles des Saintes. There they were blockaded until 14 April, when a British force under Major-General Frederick Maitland and Captain Philip Beaver in , invaded and captured the islands. "Latona" was among the naval vessels that shared in the proceeds of the capture of the islands. The French squadron was obliged to quit its position, after the British established a battery on the mountain overlooking the anchorage. Despite leaving under cover of darkness, Troude's ships were noticed by the 18-gun , which immediately alerted the rest of the blockading force. At 22:00, two hours later, two British vessels, of 74 guns and the 18-gun , came close enough to open fire on "Hautpoult", the rearmost French ship. Soon after, joined the attack but none of the shots, all fired from distance, did any damage and the French began to draw away. Only "Recruit" stayed in touch, harrying her quarry throughout the night and following day until "Pompee" rejoined the action on the evening of the 15th and caused the three French 74s to scatter. "Pompee" continued her pursuit of "Hautpoult" and was joined by "Latona" and the 32-gun the next day. On 17 April, further British ships appeared and at 17:15 "Hautpoult" struck. The other two French 74s managed to escape to Cherbourg, having been chased by "Recruit" and "Neptune" when the squadron dispersed on 15 April. "Hautpoult" was taken into the Royal Navy as HMS "Abercromby". The French had had 80–90 men killed or wounded during the action, the British had 10 killed and 35 wounded. The majority of the British casualties occurred on "Pompee". The two French storeships, "Furieuse" and "Félicité", left the Îles des Saintes on 15 April, the day after Troude's line-of-battle ships. They made it to Gaudeloupe unmolested but when they left on 14 June, they were pursued by "Latona" and the 16-gun sloop, . "Félicité" succumbed to "Latona" after a four-day chase; "Furieuse" managed to out-sail "Cherub" but was eventually taken by on 6 July. In May 1810, work began at Woolwich to convert "Latona" to a troopship. The alterations took until July, during which time she had her armament reduced to a main battery of fourteen guns, with two on the forecastle, and six carronades on the quarterdeck. She served in this capacity until 1813, first under Charles Sotheby on the Lisbon station, then from April 1812, under Edward Rodney. She was then placed in ordinary at Sheerness. In July 1813, she was briefly recommissioned by Mathew Buckle, and re-established with an armament of sixteen carronades, before being fitted as a receiving ship for service at Leith. In December 1813, "Latona" was recommissioned as a warship by Andrew Smith, as the flagship of Admiral Sir William Johnstone Hope; an appointment she held until she was sold in May 1816 for £2,550.0.0d Notes Citations References HMS Latona (1781) HMS "Latona" was a 36-gun,	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Vaidotas Vaidotas (fl. 1362) was a son of Kęstutis, Grand Duke of Lithuania. In reliable historical sources he is mentioned only twice: as defender of Kaunas Castle in 1362 and as ruler of Navahrudak. Due to very limited information, his life is subject to wide-ranging theories by historians. According to the chronicles of Wigand of Marburg, he was the commander of the garrison of the newly built Kaunas Castle during the three-week siege in April 1362. After strong resistance the castle was taken over and then destroyed. Vaidotas with 36 men tried to break through, but was taken prisoner. The defeat was one of the largest and important military victories of the Teutonic Knights in the 14th century against Lithuania. In a 1401 document his brother Grand Duke Vytautas wrote that some years before Vaidotas and his brother Tautvilas Kęstutaitis were given to rule Navahrudak equally, but it is unclear when that occurred. Historians proposed 1365 as the most likely date. Because of very limited historical sources, Vaidotas is sometimes confused with Vaidutis (Waydutte), son of Butautas and grandson of Kęstutis. Further confusion is introduced by the Bychowiec Chronicle, an unreliable chronicle from the 16th century, which claims that Vaidotas died in his youth in Lithuania. C. S. Rowell argued that Butautas and Vaidotas were the same person and their names were recorded differently because of different dialects. In his 1999 monograph on the early Gediminids, Polish historian provided the following biography of Vaidotas: he was the eldest son of Kęstutis and Birutė; was captured at Kaunas in 1362, but returned before 1365 and received Navahrudak; converted to Eastern Orthodoxy and was baptized as Ivan; had two sons Jerzy and Konrad; in 1384, during the Lithuanian Civil War (1381–84), accompanied Vytautas to the Teutonic Order; in 1389, visited the Order as Vytautas' envoy; died after 1390. Many of these conclusions are based on many conjectures and the assumptions that Ivan accompanying Vytautas is not Ivan Olshansky, that son Jerzy is not , and that son Konrad is not Tautvilas Kęstutaitis. Vaidotas Vaidotas (fl. 1362) was a son of Kęstutis, Grand Duke of Lithuania. In reliable historical sources he is mentioned only twice: as defender of Kaunas Castle in 1362 and as ruler of Navahrudak. Due to very limited information, his life is subject to wide-ranging theories by historians. According to the chronicles of Wigand of Marburg, he was the commander	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Brett Eibner Brett William Eibner (born December 2, 1988) is an American professional baseball center fielder in the Texas Rangers organization. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Kansas City Royals, Oakland Athletics, and Los Angeles Dodgers. Eibner attended The Woodlands High School in The Woodlands, Texas, and helped them win the 2006 5A state championship as a junior, with teammate Kyle Drabek. As a senior, Eibner was named 15-5A first-team all-district outfielder. Despite being drafted by the Houston Astros in the fourth round of the 2007 Major League Baseball draft, Eibner did not sign and attended the University of Arkansas. As a freshman, Eibner lead the team in RBI and had three game-winning hits. For his efforts, Eibner was named to Baseball America's Freshman All-American team in 2008. The following season, Eibner was named SEC Pitcher of the Week for his complete-game one-hit shutout win against the #1 Georgia Bulldogs. Eibner struggled significantly at the plate, with his average dropping to .231 and striking out 60 times. However, when the 2009 Arkansas Razorbacks baseball team reached the College World Series, Eibner hit "one of the most memorable home runs in program history" when he tied an elimination game vs Virginia in the top of the ninth with a two-run home run. Eibner returned for his junior season with the Razorbacks, hitting .333 with 22 home runs. On the mound, Eibner went 3-5 in 58 innings for the Razorbacks in the regular season. In the 2010 Tempe, Arizona Super Regional, Eibner hit a game-tying home run with the Razorbacks down to their final strike, extending the game to extra innings where the Razorbacks lost in the 12th. Following the 2010 season, Eibner became the fourth Razorback to be named both a freshman All-American and All-American, including teammate Zack Cox. He was also a John Olerud Award Semifinalist, Second Team All-SEC, and ABCA/Rawlings First Team All-South Region player. The Kansas City Royals selected Eibner in the second round of the 2010 MLB draft. In 2013, Eibner played for the Northwest Arkansas Naturals of the Class AA Texas League. The Royals added him to their 40-man roster after the 2015 season. The Royals promoted Eibner to the major leagues on May 26, 2016. He made his debut the following night at Kansas City's Kauffman Stadium, going 1-for-3 and scoring a run while striking out twice in the Royals' 7-5 win over the Chicago White Sox. Facing off against the White Sox on May 28, 2016, the Royals were trailing 7-1 in the 9th inning, but Eibner completed the rally with a walk-off single to win it for the Royals 8-7. On July 30, 2016, the Royals traded Eibner to the Oakland Athletics for Billy Burns. Eibner was designated for assignment by the Athletics on January 20, 2017. On January 25, 2017, Eibner was traded to the Los Angeles Dodgers, in exchange for Jordan Tarsovich and assigned to the Triple-A Oklahoma City Dodgers to begin the season. The Dodgers called him up to the majors on April 19. After playing in 17 games for the Dodgers, he was returned to the minors where the Dodgers attempted to convert him to a pitcher. However, he injured his elbow and underwent Tommy John surgery, ending his season. Eibner was designated for assignment on September 1, 2017 and released the following day. On December 22, 2017, Eibner signed a minor league contract with the Texas Rangers. Brett Eibner Brett William Eibner (born December 2, 1988) is an American professional baseball center fielder in the Texas Rangers organization. He has played in Major League	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Saddell Castle Saddell Castle is a historic 16th-century castle on the shore of the Kilbrannan Sound near Saddell, Kintyre, Argyll and Bute, Scotland of significant importance. The Castle originally served as a bastion of the MacDonald family for several centuries and continues to be visited by MacDonald diaspora from around the world who return to West Scotland. The tower house was built near the site that housed the remains of the ancient hero Somerled, the progenitor of the MacDonald clan. Several MacDonald Lords have resided at Saddell over the centuries, once giving refuge to Robert the Bruce for more than a year during Scottish War of Independence. Built by David Hamilton, Bishop of Argyll, between 1508 and 1512, the castle was built from the stones of the ruined Saddell Abbey. The castle was gifted to James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran by Bishop James Hamilton, as payment of debts and taxes in 1556. Later, The Earl of Arran was forced to exchange it with the Chief of Clan MacDonald of Dunnyveg, James MacDonald in exchange for James's lands on the Isle of Arran. The Castle then became one of several ancestral homes of the MacDonald family in Scotland until it was captured in 1558 by Thomas Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex, Lord Deputy of Ireland under orders of Queen Mary I of England in retaliation of James MacDonald's involvement in Ireland against the English Crown. Saddell castle was later rebuilt by successive MacDonald lords and it was enlarged together with a trap door in the main entrance passage, which upon activation, sent unwanted visitors into a dungeon which had no exits. In 1607, the Clan Donald lands in Kintyre, including Saddell, were conveyed by King James VI to Archibald Campbell, 7th Earl of Argyll. The castle fell into disrepair when Saddell House was built c. 1774. The castle was bought and restored by the Landmark Trust, which now rents it out as a self-catering property. It can also be seen in the video for Paul McCartney's hit Mull of Kintyre, with the Campbeltown Pipe Band marching along the beach - a song which became Christmas number one in 1977. Diaspora from Clan Donald (the MacDonald family) continue to make pilgrimages to Saddle Castle every year, in memory of its place in Scottish history. Saddell Castle Saddell Castle is a historic 16th-century castle on the shore of the Kilbrannan Sound near	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Come Sing with Me Come Sing with Me () is a Chinese variety music show, and it is broadcast on Hunan Television. The host by Wang Han and singer Han Hong associate jointly hosted, which invites specialized renown singers and ordinary people like fans to chorus, every episodes approximately taken about 90 minutes to broadcast. The program first season have 11 episodes was released on 7 May 2016, and second season have 12 episodes was released on 29 April 2017. Mandopop folk singer Fei Yu-ching was associate jointly hosted the final episode of first season, while Han Hong had leave for attending the task on crafts. Come Sing With Me also notable as top 10 popular China TV shows of ranked No. 2 in the first half of year 2016. Party music show were manufactured, director by Wang Qin and their team, which was the main program shows of Super Girl (超级女声), Super Boy (快乐男声) and Tian Sheng Yi Dui (天声一队) executive producer. The music show was exclusively recorded, copyrighted via from KuGou, NetEase Music, and broaden by Mango Television. Every week of episodes there would be 3 renown singers to upload and levying their own video for chorus, audience could participating the chorus on video via from Mango TV and Changba, also could apply via from majority online in the platform to participate by collaboration. In the first season, program organize would from every renown singers of their participators to choose 6 persons arrive at party live, those 6 participators result on video get approval points that was score in front of 3 persons would have the opportunity to attend the live competition and chorus with their idols, renown singers would choose 1 person to deed as their partnership in party for chorus, every week of episodes the party live also would appraise the most reception of Hi sing intelligent persons in grassroot and afford the music rewards to those participators. Starting from the second season, program organize would from 3 renown singers of their participators to choose 100 persons arrive at party live, the stage also prepared and set up an specialist area for them, hundred Hi sing participators conduct as one side of campaign group and could interactive their idols at any time. Simultaneously, for coordinate the group of hundred Hi sing participators arrival, program mode have also conducted a new entirely upgrade, canceled the first season original 6 in 3 competition rules, supersede from hundred persons interactive and afterwards announce 3 persons to enter the first round of chorus following by 3 in 1 of chorus, renown singers from 3 to choose 1 and 1 in 1 partnership chorus, the certain part of competition rules from first season have remained the same, and appraise the most reception of Hi sing intelligent persons in grassroot the part also have been canceled. Every week the party live would set an combination group of 5 to 6 persons, let renown singers to choose an partnership for chorus. Note: The lists named in which indicate the video get approval points that was score in front of 3 persons and would enter the first round in live for chorus, named in which indicate the persons get elected by renown singers to perform singing an partnership and would enter the second round in live for chorus, and the yellow columns which indicate the singers and participators at most reception of Hi sing in grassroots on that weeks. According to the competition rules arrangement, every group of guests, after ending on second round of chorus, audience on live would have 10 seconds for approving points to deserve the performance, every group performance by the most reception of Hi sing intelligent persons in grassroots get how many approval points for decision on that week. However this competition quality was violation in SAPPRFT, regarding the type of music competition program that management have stipulate was belong to, which reported by competitor in first season on episode 5 before, and was enforce postponed for broadcasting until 10:30 p.m. in Beijing time. Hereafter, the program organize have made adjustments to the next show, but wouldn't broadcast the program, while approving points is still remain the same, only some competition quality elemental was removed. Because of this, the program was retrieval until 10:00 p.m. in Beijing time. On 8 July 2017, singer Hu Xia performance the original first song title was "Those Years" which broadcasting in episode 11 at the second season. But as the songwriter ""Giddens Ko"" have involved ""Taiwan independence activists"" separatism in the past, song was unable passed by censorship, singer Hu Xia and participator fans on first round of 3 in 1 chorus and the VCR chorus version was completely deleted which official had broadcasting, performance song replaced as "Rush to the Dead Summer". The song title "Those Years", which performance by Hu Xia and 3 Hi sing participators on first round of 3 in 1 chorus that broadcast online at NetEase Music before also speedy deleted. The audience ratings for this Chinese TV music show: Come Sing with Me Come Sing with Me () is a Chinese variety music show, and it is broadcast on Hunan Television. The host by Wang Han and singer Han Hong associate jointly hosted, which invites specialized renown singers and ordinary people like fans to chorus, every episodes approximately taken about 90 minutes to broadcast. The program first	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Nazif Hajdarović Nazif Hajdarović (born 22 September 1984 in Bosanska Gradiška) is a Bosnian-Herzegovinian footballer who plays as a striker for Borussia Neunkirchen. Hajdarović began his career with TuS Lappentasch Hof before joining SV Reiskirchen in 1995. In summer 2004, he left SV Reiskirchen and signed with 1. FC Saarbrücken, where he made his professional a year later, in a 3–1 defeat against Energie Cottbus in the 2. Bundesliga. He stayed with Saarbrücken through two relegations and the introduction of the new 3. Liga saw them drop to the fifth tier Oberliga Südwest, and helped them to begin their climb up the league, as they were Südwest champions in 2009. He left 1. FC Saarbrücken on 30 June 2009 to join Bayern Munich II, signing a two-year contract. In his first season, he found opportunities limited, due in part to quotas of homegrown players placed on reserve teams – Hajdarovic found himself overlooked in favour of other senior players, such as Christian Saba and Danny Schwarz. Nonetheless, he managed a respectable return of four goals in thirteen appearances. The following season he made 30 appearances, mostly as a substitute, scoring twice, as the team were relegated from the 3. Liga. He signed for Hessen Kassel at the end of the season, but was released by the club in January 2012, at which point he returned to Saarland to sign for Borussia Neunkirchen. Six months later he moved again, to FK Pirmasens, where he spent one season before returning to Neunkirchen. Nazif Hajdarović Nazif Hajdarović (born 22 September 1984 in Bosanska Gradiška) is a Bosnian-Herzegovinian footballer who plays as a striker for Borussia Neunkirchen. Hajdarović began his career with TuS Lappentasch Hof before joining SV Reiskirchen in 1995. In summer 2004, he left SV Reiskirchen and signed with 1. FC Saarbrücken,	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
The Castle of Crossed Destinies The Castle of Crossed Destinies () is a 1973 novel by the Italian writer Italo Calvino. Its narrative details a meeting among travelers who are inexplicably unable to speak after traveling through a forest. The characters in the novel recount their tales via Tarot cards, which are reconstructed by the narrator. The novel is in two parts, each using a different style Tarot deck. The first part was published alone in 1969 as "Tarocchi: Il mazzo visconteo di Bergamo e New York" (Tarots: The Visconti Pack in Bergamo and New York). The second part, with the header "The Tavern of Crossed Destinies", features the Tarot of Marseilles. The novel is an exploration of how meaning is created, whether that be written via words (by the author, via the book, since the characters in the book cannot speak to each other) or by images (the tarot cards – considered prophetic by some, and themselves open to many symbolic interpretations). It is, as often in Calvino's works, multi-layered, and several levels of interpretations and readings are possible, based on the author–narrator–character–reader relationship. The Castle of Crossed Destinies The Castle of Crossed Destinies () is a 1973 novel	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Busey–Evans Residence Halls The Busey–Evans Residence Halls, historically known as the Women's Residence Hall and the West Residence Hall respectively, are historic dormitories at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. Busey Hall was built in 1916, while Evans Hall was built in 1926; a connector wing links the two buildings, and they are considered part of the same dormitory complex. James A. White designed Busey Hall, while Charles A. Platt designed Evans Hall; both architects played an important role in designing other buildings on the university's campus, and both chose the Georgian Revival style for their designs to match the campus's architectural theme. The Women's Residence Hall was the first residence hall on the university's campus; the all-female dormitory filled a need for women's housing at the university, which had been privately maintained and in short supply. The hall quickly filled up, and the West Residence Hall was built to provide additional space for female students. In 1937, the buildings were renamed for university trustees Mary E. Busey and Laura B. Evans. The residence halls are still in use as all-female student housing. The residence halls were added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 5, 2003. Busey–Evans	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
1972 New York Giants season The 1972 New York Giants season was the 48th season for the club in the National Football League. The Giants had an 8–6 record and finished in third place in the National Football Conference East Division, three games behind the Washington Redskins. The Giants had two first-round selections in the 1972 NFL Draft, and chose Eldridge Small and Larry Jacobson with the 17th and 24th overall picks, respectively. Before the season, New York traded their starting quarterback, Fran Tarkenton, to the Minnesota Vikings for a package of players and draft picks that included quarterback Norm Snead, who led the league in pass completion average in 1972. The Giants lost twice to open the season, but went on a four-game winning streak afterwards. In their 11th game, the Giants defeated the Philadelphia Eagles 62–10, setting the franchise record for the most points scored in a game; it was also an Eagles record for the most points allowed. The victory put the team at 7–4 and in contention for a playoff berth. Two losses ended their postseason chances, but New York beat the Dallas Cowboys in the final game of the season to finish with 8 wins in 14 games. Halfback Ron Johnson scored nine touchdowns on running plays to top the NFL, and his 1,182 rushing yards broke the Giants' single-season record. This was the last winning season for the Giants until 1981. 1972 New York Giants season The 1972 New York Giants season was the 48th season for the club in the National Football League. The Giants had an 8–6 record and finished in third place in the National Football Conference East Division, three games behind the Washington Redskins. The Giants had two first-round selections in the 1972 NFL Draft, and chose Eldridge Small and	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Eleanor Perenyi Eleanor Perényi (later Perenyi, January 4, 1918 – May 3, 2009) was a gardener and author. She wrote several books including "Green Thoughts", a collection of essays based on her own gardening experiences. Eleanor Perenyi was the daughter of U. S. Navy officer, Ellis S. Stone and Grace Zaring Stone, who wrote her anti-Nazi novel "Escape" under the pseudonym Ethel Vance in order not to jeopardize the safety of her daughter, who lived at that time in Europe with her Hungarian husband, Baron Zsigmond Perényi. "Green Thoughts. A Writer in the Garden" drew on her work on her husband's rural estate in Vynohradiv (at that time Nagyszőlős, Hungary), which she described in her 1946 book "More Was Lost". She also wrote the Civil War novel "The Bright Sword" (1955) and a study of Franz Liszt. "Green Thoughts" was reviewed by Brooke Astor in The New York Times. Perenyi was given an award in literature from the American Academy of Arts and Letters in 1982. Eleanor Perenyi Eleanor Perényi (later Perenyi, January 4, 1918 – May 3, 2009) was a gardener and author. She wrote several books including "Green Thoughts", a collection of essays based on her own gardening	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Felimare kempfi Felimare kempfi is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Chromodorididae. This species has previously been placed in the genera "Chromodoris" Alder & Hancock, 1855 and "Mexichromis" Bertsch, 1977. It was recently transferred to "Felimare" by Johnson & Gosliner in 2012. Distribution of "Felimare kempfi" includes Florida, Mexico, Costa Rica, Venezuela, Brazil, Puerto Rico and Panama. The body is elongate, narrow, with the posterior portion of foot extending slightly beyond the mantle margin. Background color is bright blue with a thick yellow line around the mantle margin. There is a central white line and a series of large black and white spots extend down the dorsum. Rhinophores and gills are blue, branchial leaves are with black rachises. It is up to 20 mm long. Minimum recorded depth is 6 m. Maximum recorded depth is 37 m. This article incorporates Creative Commons (CC-BY-4.0) text from the reference Felimare kempfi Felimare kempfi is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Chromodorididae. This species has previously been placed in the genera "Chromodoris" Alder & Hancock, 1855 and "Mexichromis" Bertsch, 1977. It was recently	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Roy Rogers (basketball) Roy Lee Rogers, Jr. (born August 19, 1973) is an American former professional basketball player who currently works as an assistant coach for the Houston Rockets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for Alabama. Rogers, a 6' 9" power forward from the University of Alabama, was selected with the 22nd overall pick in the 1996 NBA Draft by the Vancouver Grizzlies. He was traded to the Boston Celtics one season later, along with Tony Massenburg, for a second-round draft pick. Just before the 1998 All-Star break, he was traded to the Toronto Raptors, with Dee Brown, Chauncey Billups, and John Thomas in a deal that sent Zan Tabak, Kenny Anderson, and Popeye Jones. He was then traded to the Houston Rockets, along with two first round draft picks in exchange for Kevin Willis. He was later sent to the Chicago Bulls, along with a 1999 second-round pick, in a deal for Scottie Pippen, but was waived by them after appearing in one game. He appeared in 137 NBA games between 1996 and 2000, averaging 4.8 points per game. He last played professionally in 2003 in Poland. Rogers served as an assistant coach for the Tulsa 66ers and Austin Toros of the NBA Development League, and was head coach of the Huntsville Flight (now rebranded as the Albuquerque Thunderbirds) in 2005. He also worked as an assistant coach of the New Jersey Nets of the NBA. On August 3, 2010, he became a scout for the Nets. Shortly after, he left for the Boston Celtics. In 2013, he joined Jason Kidd's coaching staff on the Brooklyn Nets. The next season, he joined the Washington Wizards coaching staff. On June 1, 2016, Rogers became an assistant coach for the Houston Rockets. Roy Rogers (basketball) Roy	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Rhyndarra Rhyndarra is a heritage-listed residence located at 23 Riverview Place, Yeronga, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The architect was Andrea Stombuco. It was built from 1888 to 1938. It is also known as No. 2 Women's Hospital, Australian Military Forces 1st Military Hospital, National Service Training Hospital, No. 1 Camp Hospital, and Yeronga Girls' Industrial School. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 February 2005. This substantial, two-storeyed brick residence and stable was built in 1889 for Brisbane businessman William Williams, as his semi-rural suburban residence. Between 1897 and 1942 it functioned as a Salvation Army Girls' Industrial School, and from 1942 until the late 1990s as a military hospital. In the late 1880s Williams acquired approximately 140 acres of land along the riverfront at Yeronga. The area at this time comprised a mixture of large farming estates and smaller residential subdivisions and was developing as a middle-class suburb following the opening of the Yeronga railway station in 1885. It was built in 1889 for William Williams, manager of the Australasian Steam Navigation Company prior to the merger that created the Australasian United Steam Navigation Company. It was designed in 1888 by the Italian architect Andrea Stombuco, and features a two storey bay window front, gabled roof and decorative cast iron verandah trim. Constructed of stone and brick, it included a cellar, separate service quarters, kitchen, dairy, coach house and stables. Built on a rise facing south west, it has extensive views of the Canoe Reach of the Brisbane River, so named because it is near Oxley Creek, which was originally called Canoe Creek following stranded timber-getter Thomas Pamphlett finding an aboriginal bark canoe there in 1823, enabling him and his two companions to eventually return to civilisation. Andrea Stombuco, in practice with his son Giovanni, was an Italian who had arrived in Brisbane in the 1870s after working for a period in the southern colonies. He designed many churches and ecclesiastical buildings for the Catholic Church in Queensland and was completing the opulent Her Majesty's Theatre in Queen Street when Rhyndarra was commissioned. He was noted for his residential work, which included Palma Rosa at Hamilton, an elaborate three-storeyed sandstone residence erected in 1886-1887. Rhyndarra was amongst Stombuco's last Brisbane works before moving to Western Australia in 1891. Rhyndarra was constructed in 1888-1889 at a cost of £3,200. The buildings were erected by contractor R Smith and the lavish interior decoration to the main house was carried out by Lang & Co. The decorative finishes included cedar joinery, marble fireplace surrounds and ornate plaster ceilings and cornices. Rhyndarra was typical of the large houses built by Brisbane's more prosperous citizens in the late 19th century. The house was raised off the ground on a stone base forming cellars and storerooms, with the ground floor containing dining and drawing rooms with bedrooms on the first floor. A pantry, kitchen and scullery were located at the rear of the house at ground level, with maids' rooms and a bathroom above. Williams appears to have over-extended financially in his 1880s land dealings. During the depression of the 1890s Williams was forced to relinquish the heavily-mortgaged Rhyndarra to the Australian Mutual Provident Society (AMP) who became mortgagee-in-possession. Williams moved to Western Australia where he lived with a married daughter until his death in the early 20th century. The house and land were unoccupied for a period after Williams' departure until leased by the Salvation Army and opened as a home for orphaned and endangered girls (the Yeronga Girls' Industrial School) in 1897. In 1905 Williams was declared insolvent and the AMP Society become the owner of the property. The AMP Society organised the sale of the Rhyndarra estate at which time the property was subdivided into 13 residential lots, each having a street and river frontage. Rhyndarra, on a reduced site of approximately 12 acres, was transferred to William Booth, founder of the Salvation Army, in 1907.Booth had established the Salvation Army in England in the mid 1860s as a church with a strong social conscience, campaigning against poverty and the sins of alcoholism and other moral failings. A large part of the work of the church was in establishing homes for people who were destitute, aged, unmarried mothers, orphans and others in need or in peril.The Girls' Industrial School at Yeronga was one of a number of similar institutions conducted by the Salvation Army in Queensland at this time, including maternity hospitals, receiving some financial assistance from the government for the orphanages. These institutions were periodically visited by public servants who monitored the welfare of the children. The girls who lived at Rhyndarra were trained for domestic service and situations were found for them when they were old enough to leave the orphanage. In 1910 the matron noted that "each girl is taught housework in all its branches, gradually passing through the different stages from dormitories to dining room, laundry to kitchen and pantry." The house was adapted to accommodate the number of girls resident in the institution. The folding doors dividing the drawing and dining rooms were removed to form the main dormitory and the sitting room was used as a dining room. Upstairs rooms were used to accommodate the girls and the staff, including a matron, cooks and a teacher. The stable was converted for use a schoolroom, where the younger girls were taught basic lessons. The older girls helped look after the younger girls and could attend state schools in surrounding suburbs or were employed in the workroom where they learnt needlework and other tasks, or helped milk the cows. The home aimed at self-sufficiency, with a kitchen garden and flower garden, pigs, chickens, cows and horses. Numbers at the orphanage fluctuated with changing circumstances and the institution accommodated girls who were orphaned, whose parents were destitute and could not care for them, who had run away or were difficult. In 1899 there were about 30 girls at the home, ranging from 6 to 16 years of age. In the early 1900s there were only 18 girls resident, but by the 1930s and the economic depression of that period the population increased to between 60 to 70 girls, ranging from babies to teenagers. The greatest change to the physical fabric of Rhyndarra during the Salvation Army's occupation was the construction of a two-storeyed timber and masonry extension at the rear of the house. This extension housed a recreation hall on the first floor, with bathrooms and toilets at ground level. It was constructed by the Salvation Army in 1938 with government funding. The Salvation Army operated the Girls' Industrial School at Rhyndarra until the Australian Army requisitioned the property in 1942 and the girls were transferred to other institutions outside Brisbane. Australia had joined Britain in a declaration of war after Germany's invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939. In 1942 Rhyndarra was occupied by the Australian Army for training purposes for the Australian Women's Army Service (AWAS) and as a staging area for members en route to places further north and west. The Australian Army established a military hospital for Australian servicewomen in the grounds of the property, with Rhyndarra becoming the Officers' mess and quarters. The hospital provided training for the Australian Army Medical Women's Service (AAMWS). When war was declared in 1939, there were no Army hospitals in Australia. In the next few years a range of hospitals was built in Australia and overseas, with a total of more than 100 wartime military hospitals operating in Australia. Casualty Clearing Stations (CCS) were located close to the action, both overseas and in Australia, and were little more than	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
was occupied by the Australian Army for training purposes for the Australian Women's Army Service (AWAS) and as a staging area for members en route to places further north and west. The Australian Army established a military hospital for Australian servicewomen in the grounds of the property, with Rhyndarra becoming the Officers' mess and quarters. The hospital provided training for the Australian Army Medical Women's Service (AAMWS). When war was declared in 1939, there were no Army hospitals in Australia. In the next few years a range of hospitals was built in Australia and overseas, with a total of more than 100 wartime military hospitals operating in Australia. Casualty Clearing Stations (CCS) were located close to the action, both overseas and in Australia, and were little more than tent hospitals set up in the field where casualties were treated and sent onwards for further care. General hospitals were similar to these, although larger and slightly more advanced. Some general hospitals were established overseas in the field. These hospitals returned to Australia (as discrete medical units) with their divisions and were re-established mostly away from the major population centres. Women's hospitals were of a similar type to general hospitals and of this type 26 were built. Of these, it is thought that part of the hospital at Bonegilla in Victoria, is the only one to survive. Other hospitals included camp hospitals and base hospitals. Like women's hospitals, these were constructed in the capital cities and in areas of great troop concentrations, and were more likely permanent structures of timber, fibrous cement sheet and/or corrugated iron, or were established in existing buildings such as houses, which the Army took over as a matter of national importance. In 1943-1944 the Commonwealth Department of Public Works, at the request of the Allied Works Council (AWC), constructed the Australian Women's Hospital at Yeronga. The construction period for the hospital was estimated at four months and it had been completed by June 1944. The new facility provided accommodation for 160 female patients. It comprised fibrous cement and weatherboard wards with kitchens, operating theatre and admission building, all linked by covered ways. Ancillary buildings included pathological, laboratories, canteen and administration units. The hospital was erected to the northeast of Rhyndarra house and a group of small huts were erected along the northeastern boundary of the site as sleeping quarters for the AAMWS. The nurses had their own sleeping quarters to the southwest of Rhyndarra, with the house used for administration offices, officer's mess, and for recreation. Some minor alterations were made to the house, including removing some of the alterations made by the Salvation Army. The stable was used as the quartermaster's store. This establishment at Yeronga was known as 2 Women's Hospital (2WH). As a distinct medical unit 2WH had been situated at Redbank, in association with the 2/4 Australian General Hospital (AGH), but it moved completely to the purpose built complex at Yeronga by 1943. Only three specialist women's hospitals were established in Australia during the Second World War, the others being 1 Women's Hospital at Claremont in Western Australia and 3 Women's Hospital located in the grounds of the base hospital at Concord 113 General Hospital, Sydney. Many women were required to assist the war effort, particularly during 1942 and 1943 when all able-bodied men were required to work in more forward areas. Special services were created to facilitate this, the largest of these being the AWAS (Australian Women's Army Service), formed in mid-1941 in order to release men from some military duties so that they could be employed with fighting units. Recruiting began in early 1942 and by 1944 there were more than 20,000 AWAS members. The Australian Army Medical Women's Service (AAMWS) had grown out of the VADs (Voluntary Aid Detachments), volunteer women who assisted full-time nurses. With the declaration of war in 1939, approval was given for VADs to work in camp hospitals in Australia. As volunteers, these women worked without pay, but they performed essential work for the war effort. VADs were enrolled full time and in 1941 were brought under the jurisdiction of the Army with the rank of private. Later in 1941 VADs were posted to military hospitals overseas, in groups of about 200. Recruitment was not a problem, but the large numbers of volunteers coming forward placed strains on those in charge. VADs were still under the administration of civilians and to distinguish between those working in civilian operations and those under the Army's jurisdiction were reclassified as the AAMWS. The AAMWS performed basic medical procedures and provided a back-up facility to the trained nurses of the Australian Army Nursing Service (AANS) in military hospitals. In total there were more than 8,500 members of the AAMWS. Some members of the AAMWS who trained and worked at the Yeronga hospital were then sent overseas to the various medical units which served in New Guinea, Rabaul and other places in the front line serving at general hospitals. Others filled roles in army base hospitals in Australia such as Concord Hospital in Sydney and Heidelberg Hospital in Melbourne. The 2 Women's Hospital at Yeronga was one of many similar establishments constructed around Brisbane during World War II for service personnel. Apart from the base hospital at Greenslopes (112 AGH) (now Greenslopes Private Hospital), numerous camp hospitals were established, as well as army camps, barracks and bases. Many of the camps and hospitals established in Brisbane were abandoned and disposed of by the Army after the war. The 2 Women's Hospital was retained and the Australian Government purchased the property in 1946. After the war, those women who had participated in the services and in paid employment were asked to resume their pre-war lives. The AAMWS and other women's service organisations were demobilised, a process which took many months. It appears that 2 Women's Hospital at Yeronga was used immediately after the war for recuperating servicewomen and for medical check-ups before the women were demobbed. In the administrative carving up of Australian Government's wartime property after 1945, the Rhyndarra site was allocated to the Department of Social Services. The DSS wanted to establish a centre for civilian rehabilitation on the site. However due to the acute housing shortage after the war, the site was briefly allocated to the Queensland Housing Commission from the late 1940s to early 1950s as temporary accommodation for homeless people. Some alterations were made to the wards and other buildings, including Rhyndarra, for this purpose. During the Cold War of the early 1950s, the Australian Government introduced national service. After the 1951 federal elections young men over the age of 18 had to register and serve in the Army, Navy or Air Force for a period of 5-6 months. In light of this recruiting activity, the Army was concerned about its facilities. The accommodation of recruits was provided at personnel depots in capital cities. The existing personnel depot at Indooroopilly was inadequate and Army officials believed that the former women's hospital at Yeronga would satisfactorily handle the recruits. The DSS agreed to the Army's reoccupation of the site and by the early 1950s the northern section of the former women's hospital became known as Northern Command Personnel Depot (NCPD). The southern part became a hospital for national service recruits and trainees. Known as the National Service Training Hospital in 1951, it was referred to as 1 Camp Hospital by the 1960s, after the NCPD has moved elsewhere in the late 1950s. More recently the hospital expanded as 1 Military Hospital Yeronga, providing minor medical facilities for injured soldiers or those who had become sick during training.	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
depots in capital cities. The existing personnel depot at Indooroopilly was inadequate and Army officials believed that the former women's hospital at Yeronga would satisfactorily handle the recruits. The DSS agreed to the Army's reoccupation of the site and by the early 1950s the northern section of the former women's hospital became known as Northern Command Personnel Depot (NCPD). The southern part became a hospital for national service recruits and trainees. Known as the National Service Training Hospital in 1951, it was referred to as 1 Camp Hospital by the 1960s, after the NCPD has moved elsewhere in the late 1950s. More recently the hospital expanded as 1 Military Hospital Yeronga, providing minor medical facilities for injured soldiers or those who had become sick during training. This necessitated the construction of a number of additional buildings, mostly accommodation and storage, and a pool and tennis court. Some of the buildings constructed during the Second World War had been demolished due to later construction works. By the mid 1990s, the main hospital buildings such as the wards and the operating theatres were still extant, but had been adapted and altered several times. The admissions building and covered walkways remained, along with various other structures around the site. The AAMWS huts had been replaced by married quarters, the messes were demolished and replaced with new facilities, and the isolation and VD wards had been removed. Rhyndarra and the stables had been used continuously, with officers being accommodated in the main house since the early 1950s. The 1 Military Hospital functioned together with the repatriation hospital at Greenslopes and facilities at Enoggera and treated its last patients mid-1996. A new hospital, constructed at Gallipoli Army Barracks, Enoggera, was commissioned in September 1996 and the former 1 Military Hospital was vacated. Subsequently the hospital buildings were demolished, leaving only the house Rhyndarra, stable and significant trees, prior to the property being subdivided into approximately 30 residential allotments. Rhyndarra was extensively refurbished, albeit on a greatly reduced block, and is now a family residence. The former stables is located on a separate allotment and became part of a new house, with the hay bale hoist beam on the upper floor still readily identifiable. Part of the riverfront of the original property is now a reserve for park purposes, under the trusteeship of the Brisbane City Council. Rhyndarra comprises a two-storeyed rendered brick residence overlooking the Brisbane River towards Long Pocket to the south, a stables to the northwest of the house, and part of the park reserve to the south and southwest of the house, which was formerly part of the grounds. The house and stables are visible from the approach along Riverview Place. The house rests on a raised square-snecked stone base. It has a hipped corrugated iron roof with projecting gable above a hipped bay to the southeast. Double height verandahs almost encircle the building, being broken by a projecting two-storeyed bay on the southern corner. The verandahs have cast iron columns and balustrade, with cast iron brackets and valance to the first floor and a timber lattice valance to the ground floor. The rear first floor verandah has been partially enclosed with fibrous cement and glass louvre panels. Walls are scribed to represent ashlar, the projecting bay has sash windows framed by rendered pilasters supporting a deep cornice and the gable above has a scalloped bargeboard. The building is entered via a flight of steps adjacent to the projecting bay with rendered balustrades supporting large urns. The main entry has paired, panelled cedar doors with sidelights and fanlight, with a bay window to the verandah adjacent. French doors with fanlights and tall sash windows open onto the verandahs. The building has a two-storeyed masonry service wing to the northwest, with a lower two-storeyed addition (1938). This addition has a masonry ground floor, chamferboard first floor and gable roof. A narrow timber stair accesses the first floor verandah from the rear re-entrant corner. Internally, the ground floor contains a wide entrance hall, with a cedar staircase with turned balustrade and a tall arched sash window. The building has plastered walls, ornate plaster ceilings and cornices, cedar panelled doors, architraves and skirtings and a variety of marble fireplace surrounds. The northeast rooms on the ground floor are connected by a wide opening that originally housed folding cedar doors. The rear wing accommodates a kitchen, bathrooms and service rooms. The grounds immediately surrounding the house contain remnant plantings from the various gardens that have existed. These include a large Jacaranda to the southeast, Lilly Pilly to the west and a small garden to the north which contains a Crows Ash, Frangipani and Silky Oak. The area of the property fronting the Brisbane River contains a number of large Eucalyptus spp. The original Rhyndarra stable is located to the northwest of the house, separated from it by Heritage Close. This brick structure has a steeply pitched corrugated iron roof with a lean-to addition at the northeast end. The building has been adaptively reused as a private residence, with sleeping areas to the loft level and living and bedroom areas to the ground level. Roof-lights have been added, and an internal staircase constructed. A single-storeyed addition has been constructed to the south comprising living, kitchen and bathroom areas. The adaptive reuse has retained a strong visual connection between the stable and the villa. Ryndarra was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 February 2005 having satisfied the following criteria. The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history. Constructed in 1888-89 Rhyndarra, comprising house, stables and surviving grounds, is important for the evidence it provides of the way of life of Brisbane's more prosperous citizens in the late 19th century. As a large semi-rural estate, it was closely associated with the development of Yeronga as a middle-class suburb following the opening of the Yeronga Railway Station in 1885, yet occupied a middle ground between farm and suburban residence. The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places. Rhyndarra is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of its class of cultural places: large, late 19th century villa residences set in substantial grounds. These characteristics include: the form (two-storeyed); materials (brick on stone foundations); planning of both the main residence (public rooms downstairs, bedrooms on the upper floor, attached service wing) and the grounds (siting of the house overlooking the river, relationship of the house to auxiliary buildings such as the stables, and garden plantings) and decorative detailing and finishes (including ornate plaster ceilings and cornices, cedar panelled doors, architraves and skirtings and a variety of marble fireplace surrounds). It is a fine example of the work of Brisbane architect Andrea Stombuco. The place is important because of its aesthetic significance. Through its form, scale and siting as a riverside residence and together with its remnant plantings, Rhyndarra is of considerable aesthetic significance and the detailing of its materials and finishes reflects a fine quality of workmanship. The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history. Rhyndarra has a special association with the work of the Salvation Army in housing and protecting orphans and other disadvantaged people in the early 20th century, particularly its concern for orphaned or homeless girls. The rear wing, added by the Salvation Army, has special value as it illustrates the	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
the work of Brisbane architect Andrea Stombuco. The place is important because of its aesthetic significance. Through its form, scale and siting as a riverside residence and together with its remnant plantings, Rhyndarra is of considerable aesthetic significance and the detailing of its materials and finishes reflects a fine quality of workmanship. The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history. Rhyndarra has a special association with the work of the Salvation Army in housing and protecting orphans and other disadvantaged people in the early 20th century, particularly its concern for orphaned or homeless girls. The rear wing, added by the Salvation Army, has special value as it illustrates the adaptation of the building for use as a girls' home. Rhyndarra is also important for its strong association with the Australian Army as part of the military hospital established in the grounds of Rhyndarra in 1943/44. Rhyndarra Rhyndarra is a heritage-listed residence located at 23 Riverview Place, Yeronga, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The architect was Andrea Stombuco. It was built from 1888 to 1938. It is also	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Muhi Al-Din Lari Muḥyi ’l-Dīn Lārī (died 1521 or 1526-7) was a 16th century miniaturist and writer, best known for his "Kitab Futūḥ al-Ḥaramayn", a guidebook to the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina. Little is known about Lari's early life and career. He is thought to be of either Persian or Indian origin. "Lari" might suggest he was from Lar, a town south-east of Shiraz. He was a student of D̲j̲alāl al-Dīn Muḥammad al-Dawānī, a noted Persian scholar who wrote the first treatise on the poet Hafez's works, and who is known to have visited Lar. Lari's "Kitab Futūḥ al-Ḥaramayn" ("Revelations of the Two Holy Sanctuaries"), written in Persian, is dedicated to Muzaffar al-Din ibn Mahmud Shah, who ruled Gujarat from 1511 to 1526. It is a guidebook for the Haj pilgrimage. The manuscript comprises 45 leaves with writing in two columns of "naskh" script and eighteen illuminated (but stylised, rather than accurate) illustrations, including holy sites in Medina, scenes between Medina and Mecca, and the various stages of the Hajj in Mecca. The illuminations are with ink, opaque watercolour and gold on paper. It contains a detailed depictions of the Kaaba, indicating the areas assigned for the worship of the various sects of Islam, the named entrance doors to the sanctum, minarets, and two rows of colonnades. While traditionally pilgrim manuals desisted from human depictions, preferring to illustrate landscapes and holy sites only, Lari's miniatures are an exception, with rendered people appearing in some of them. Lari's mystical verse, meanwhile, describes the ceremonies of the Hajj and their essence. Lari's attention to architectural detail, use of the colour palette and expert draughtsmanship have been lauded. Indeed, his painting of Mecca's Sacred Mosque became a widely reproduced image for several centuries. His miniatures showing Mount Arafat as well as "mahmals" were re-crafted into Haj certificates that were in use even in the 18th century. At least twelve manuscripts have survived to date. All of them contain illustrations of the various stages of the Hajj, with each station labelled. Several of the manuscripts are known from their colophons to have been produced in Mecca. Pages from some copies have appeared at various auctions. The earliest copy now extant is a copy made in Mecca in 1544; it now resides in the British Library. Lari's original document has been copied and re-illustrated over the centuries, and editions have been found in Turkey, Persia and India. The later versions often have misspellings and inconsistencies, either because the scribe was unskilled or because Lari's ornate language was difficult. Inspired by his teacher's example, Lari wrote a commentary on ibn al-Fārid's "Kasida", called "al-Taiyya al-kubra". In this, he attempted to show the coherence between orthodox Islamic mysticism and Aristotelian thought. Lari is thought to have died either in 1521 or 1526-7. Muhi Al-Din Lari Muḥyi ’l-Dīn Lārī (died 1521 or 1526-7) was a 16th century miniaturist and writer, best known for his "Kitab Futūḥ al-Ḥaramayn", a guidebook to the Islamic holy cities of	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
Maa....Tomay Chara Ghum Ashena 'Maa...Tomay Chara Ghum Asena' , also called Maa (Mother) was a Bengali television serial telecast by Star Jalsha. It was produced by Shree Venkatesh Films and starred Tithi Bose and Sreetama Bhattacharya in lead roles. The show was produced by Shree Venkatesh Films. For 4 years it had the greatest TRP in Bengali television. The serial ended with a large "dhamaka" episode on August 3, 2014. The episode featured stars of other serials as well as film personalities like Koel Mallick and Raj Chakraborty. The show has been remade in Hindi as Meri Maa which used to air on Life Ok which ran for 4 months from December 2011 ended with 100 episodes. The show was also remade into Malayalam as Amma which was aired in Asianet .This serial ran 4 years from 2011-2015 completed 1008 episodes.It had high TRP ratings in the initial 2 years. This show ran in dubbed Tamil as Amma airing in STAR Vijay but now it has been stopped The soap won many awards at the Tele Cine Awards, Star Jalsha awards and the Tele Samman Awards.Some of them are: Maa....Tomay Chara Ghum Ashena 'Maa...Tomay Chara Ghum Asena' , also called	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter

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