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Which position did Sir Roger Conant, 1st Baronet hold in Apr, 1958?
|
April 13, 1958
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 41st Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
}
|
L2_Q7528884_P39_5
|
Sir Roger Conant, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 39th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Feb, 1950 to Oct, 1951.
Sir Roger Conant, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 40th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1951 to May, 1955.
Sir Roger Conant, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 37th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1937 to Jun, 1945.
Sir Roger Conant, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 36th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1931 to Oct, 1935.
Sir Roger Conant, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 38th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1945 to Feb, 1950.
Sir Roger Conant, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 41st Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1955 to Sep, 1959.
|
Sir Roger Conant, 1st BaronetSir Roger John Edward Conant, 1st Baronet, CVO, DL (28 May 1899 – 30 March 1973) was a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for more than 25 years between 1931 and 1959.Born in Kensington, London, he was an unsuccessful candidate in the Chesterfield constituency at the 1929 general election, but won the seat at the 1931 general election when the Labour Party split over Ramsay MacDonald's formation of the National Government.He lost the Chesterfield seat at the 1935 general election, but after the retirement in 1937 of Stanley Baldwin, he was returned to Parliament at a by-election for Baldwin's Bewdley constituency in Worcestershire. He held the seat until its abolition for the 1950 general election, when he was elected as MP for Rutland and Stamford.Appointed a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO) in the 1953 Coronation Honours, Conant was created a baronet on 30 June 1954.Sir Roger retired from the House of Commons at the 1959 general election. He died in 1973 in Chelsea.
|
[
"Member of the 39th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 40th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 38th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 37th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 36th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Croatian National Bank in Dec, 1991?
|
December 05, 1991
|
{
"text": [
"A. Čičin-Šain"
]
}
|
L2_Q1143457_P488_0
|
Željko Rohatinski is the chair of Croatian National Bank from Jul, 2000 to Jul, 2012.
Marko Škreb is the chair of Croatian National Bank from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 2000.
A. Čičin-Šain is the chair of Croatian National Bank from Aug, 1990 to Jan, 1992.
Pero Jurković is the chair of Croatian National Bank from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1996.
Boris Vujčić is the chair of Croatian National Bank from Jul, 2012 to Dec, 2022.
|
Croatian National BankThe Croatian National Bank ( or HNB; ) is the central bank of the Republic of Croatia.HNB was established by the Constitution of Croatia which was passed by the Croatian Parliament on 21 December 1990. Its main responsibilities are maintaining the stability of the national currency, the kuna, and ensuring general financial liquidity within the country. HNB also issues banknotes and holds the national monetary reserves. In performing its duties HNB acts as an independent institution responsible to the Parliament. The bank has a share capital of 2,500,000,000 Croatian kunas (c. US$ 450 million). HNB acts in accordance with "Law on Croatian National Bank".On 21 December 1990 the Constitution of Croatia, determined in article 53, named the Croatian National Bank as Croatia's central bank, and declared its responsibilities: "Croatian National Bank is central bank of Republic of Croatia. Croatian National Bank is responsible, within its rights and duties, for stability of the currency and for liquidity of payments in state and abroad. Croatian National Bank is independent in its activity and responsible to Croatian "Sabor". Profits made by Croatian National Bank belong to Croatian state budget. Position of Croatian National Bank is made by law." By amendments of Constitution of Croatia in 1997, Bank's earlier name "National Bank of Croatia" () was changed to "Croatian National Bank" ().The Croatian National Bank is the central bank of the Republic of Croatia and part of the European System of Central Banks. The primary objective of the CNB is maintaining price stability and the stability of the financial system as a whole. The Croatian National Bank executes monetary policy, manages international reserves of the Republic of Croatia, issues the Croatian currency - the kuna, issues authorisations of credit institutions, credit unions, payment institutions and electronic money institutions and supervises their operation. The CNB also issues authorisations of authorised exchange offices.The Croatian National Bank is autonomous and independent in achieving its objective and carrying out its tasks. The CNB reports on its work to the Croatian Parliament.Independence of the CNBThe independence of the central bank is a key precondition for a successful and credible implementation of monetary policy and for the achievement of the main objective of the central bank - maintenance of price stability.The independence of the Croatian National Bank is in accordance with Article 130 of the Treaty on European Union, which guarantees the independence of national central banks of the European Union. There are several aspects of central bank independence: functional, institutional, personal and financial. Functional independence implies a clearly defined objective and autonomy in the choice of measures and instruments for its realisation. Institutional independence means that central bank decisions are independent from the influence of other institutions. Personal independence guarantees the protection of CNB officials from external pressures, excludes conflicts of interest and precisely defines the conditions for the appointment and removal from office of the Governor and other members of the CNB Council. Financial independence implies the possibility for the CNB to autonomously obtain funds for the purpose of executing its mandate, with the income and expense determined by the monetary policy stance.Stable prices is the main criteria for monetary stability. Stable prices are maintained by making sure price increases meet the Government's inflation target.hnb.hr/o-hnb Maintaining financial stability involves protecting against threats to the whole financial system. Threats are detected by the Bank's surveillance and market intelligence functions. The threats are then dealt with through financial and other operations. The Bank works together with other institutions to secure both monetary and financial stability.
|
[
"Pero Jurković",
"Boris Vujčić",
"Marko Škreb",
"Željko Rohatinski"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Croatian National Bank in Sep, 1995?
|
September 30, 1995
|
{
"text": [
"Pero Jurković"
]
}
|
L2_Q1143457_P488_1
|
Boris Vujčić is the chair of Croatian National Bank from Jul, 2012 to Dec, 2022.
A. Čičin-Šain is the chair of Croatian National Bank from Aug, 1990 to Jan, 1992.
Marko Škreb is the chair of Croatian National Bank from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 2000.
Željko Rohatinski is the chair of Croatian National Bank from Jul, 2000 to Jul, 2012.
Pero Jurković is the chair of Croatian National Bank from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1996.
|
Croatian National BankThe Croatian National Bank ( or HNB; ) is the central bank of the Republic of Croatia.HNB was established by the Constitution of Croatia which was passed by the Croatian Parliament on 21 December 1990. Its main responsibilities are maintaining the stability of the national currency, the kuna, and ensuring general financial liquidity within the country. HNB also issues banknotes and holds the national monetary reserves. In performing its duties HNB acts as an independent institution responsible to the Parliament. The bank has a share capital of 2,500,000,000 Croatian kunas (c. US$ 450 million). HNB acts in accordance with "Law on Croatian National Bank".On 21 December 1990 the Constitution of Croatia, determined in article 53, named the Croatian National Bank as Croatia's central bank, and declared its responsibilities: "Croatian National Bank is central bank of Republic of Croatia. Croatian National Bank is responsible, within its rights and duties, for stability of the currency and for liquidity of payments in state and abroad. Croatian National Bank is independent in its activity and responsible to Croatian "Sabor". Profits made by Croatian National Bank belong to Croatian state budget. Position of Croatian National Bank is made by law." By amendments of Constitution of Croatia in 1997, Bank's earlier name "National Bank of Croatia" () was changed to "Croatian National Bank" ().The Croatian National Bank is the central bank of the Republic of Croatia and part of the European System of Central Banks. The primary objective of the CNB is maintaining price stability and the stability of the financial system as a whole. The Croatian National Bank executes monetary policy, manages international reserves of the Republic of Croatia, issues the Croatian currency - the kuna, issues authorisations of credit institutions, credit unions, payment institutions and electronic money institutions and supervises their operation. The CNB also issues authorisations of authorised exchange offices.The Croatian National Bank is autonomous and independent in achieving its objective and carrying out its tasks. The CNB reports on its work to the Croatian Parliament.Independence of the CNBThe independence of the central bank is a key precondition for a successful and credible implementation of monetary policy and for the achievement of the main objective of the central bank - maintenance of price stability.The independence of the Croatian National Bank is in accordance with Article 130 of the Treaty on European Union, which guarantees the independence of national central banks of the European Union. There are several aspects of central bank independence: functional, institutional, personal and financial. Functional independence implies a clearly defined objective and autonomy in the choice of measures and instruments for its realisation. Institutional independence means that central bank decisions are independent from the influence of other institutions. Personal independence guarantees the protection of CNB officials from external pressures, excludes conflicts of interest and precisely defines the conditions for the appointment and removal from office of the Governor and other members of the CNB Council. Financial independence implies the possibility for the CNB to autonomously obtain funds for the purpose of executing its mandate, with the income and expense determined by the monetary policy stance.Stable prices is the main criteria for monetary stability. Stable prices are maintained by making sure price increases meet the Government's inflation target.hnb.hr/o-hnb Maintaining financial stability involves protecting against threats to the whole financial system. Threats are detected by the Bank's surveillance and market intelligence functions. The threats are then dealt with through financial and other operations. The Bank works together with other institutions to secure both monetary and financial stability.
|
[
"Boris Vujčić",
"Marko Škreb",
"A. Čičin-Šain",
"Željko Rohatinski"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Croatian National Bank in Mar, 1999?
|
March 30, 1999
|
{
"text": [
"Marko Škreb"
]
}
|
L2_Q1143457_P488_2
|
Željko Rohatinski is the chair of Croatian National Bank from Jul, 2000 to Jul, 2012.
A. Čičin-Šain is the chair of Croatian National Bank from Aug, 1990 to Jan, 1992.
Marko Škreb is the chair of Croatian National Bank from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 2000.
Pero Jurković is the chair of Croatian National Bank from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1996.
Boris Vujčić is the chair of Croatian National Bank from Jul, 2012 to Dec, 2022.
|
Croatian National BankThe Croatian National Bank ( or HNB; ) is the central bank of the Republic of Croatia.HNB was established by the Constitution of Croatia which was passed by the Croatian Parliament on 21 December 1990. Its main responsibilities are maintaining the stability of the national currency, the kuna, and ensuring general financial liquidity within the country. HNB also issues banknotes and holds the national monetary reserves. In performing its duties HNB acts as an independent institution responsible to the Parliament. The bank has a share capital of 2,500,000,000 Croatian kunas (c. US$ 450 million). HNB acts in accordance with "Law on Croatian National Bank".On 21 December 1990 the Constitution of Croatia, determined in article 53, named the Croatian National Bank as Croatia's central bank, and declared its responsibilities: "Croatian National Bank is central bank of Republic of Croatia. Croatian National Bank is responsible, within its rights and duties, for stability of the currency and for liquidity of payments in state and abroad. Croatian National Bank is independent in its activity and responsible to Croatian "Sabor". Profits made by Croatian National Bank belong to Croatian state budget. Position of Croatian National Bank is made by law." By amendments of Constitution of Croatia in 1997, Bank's earlier name "National Bank of Croatia" () was changed to "Croatian National Bank" ().The Croatian National Bank is the central bank of the Republic of Croatia and part of the European System of Central Banks. The primary objective of the CNB is maintaining price stability and the stability of the financial system as a whole. The Croatian National Bank executes monetary policy, manages international reserves of the Republic of Croatia, issues the Croatian currency - the kuna, issues authorisations of credit institutions, credit unions, payment institutions and electronic money institutions and supervises their operation. The CNB also issues authorisations of authorised exchange offices.The Croatian National Bank is autonomous and independent in achieving its objective and carrying out its tasks. The CNB reports on its work to the Croatian Parliament.Independence of the CNBThe independence of the central bank is a key precondition for a successful and credible implementation of monetary policy and for the achievement of the main objective of the central bank - maintenance of price stability.The independence of the Croatian National Bank is in accordance with Article 130 of the Treaty on European Union, which guarantees the independence of national central banks of the European Union. There are several aspects of central bank independence: functional, institutional, personal and financial. Functional independence implies a clearly defined objective and autonomy in the choice of measures and instruments for its realisation. Institutional independence means that central bank decisions are independent from the influence of other institutions. Personal independence guarantees the protection of CNB officials from external pressures, excludes conflicts of interest and precisely defines the conditions for the appointment and removal from office of the Governor and other members of the CNB Council. Financial independence implies the possibility for the CNB to autonomously obtain funds for the purpose of executing its mandate, with the income and expense determined by the monetary policy stance.Stable prices is the main criteria for monetary stability. Stable prices are maintained by making sure price increases meet the Government's inflation target.hnb.hr/o-hnb Maintaining financial stability involves protecting against threats to the whole financial system. Threats are detected by the Bank's surveillance and market intelligence functions. The threats are then dealt with through financial and other operations. The Bank works together with other institutions to secure both monetary and financial stability.
|
[
"Pero Jurković",
"Boris Vujčić",
"A. Čičin-Šain",
"Željko Rohatinski"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Croatian National Bank in Jun, 2005?
|
June 03, 2005
|
{
"text": [
"Željko Rohatinski"
]
}
|
L2_Q1143457_P488_3
|
Željko Rohatinski is the chair of Croatian National Bank from Jul, 2000 to Jul, 2012.
Marko Škreb is the chair of Croatian National Bank from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 2000.
Pero Jurković is the chair of Croatian National Bank from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1996.
A. Čičin-Šain is the chair of Croatian National Bank from Aug, 1990 to Jan, 1992.
Boris Vujčić is the chair of Croatian National Bank from Jul, 2012 to Dec, 2022.
|
Croatian National BankThe Croatian National Bank ( or HNB; ) is the central bank of the Republic of Croatia.HNB was established by the Constitution of Croatia which was passed by the Croatian Parliament on 21 December 1990. Its main responsibilities are maintaining the stability of the national currency, the kuna, and ensuring general financial liquidity within the country. HNB also issues banknotes and holds the national monetary reserves. In performing its duties HNB acts as an independent institution responsible to the Parliament. The bank has a share capital of 2,500,000,000 Croatian kunas (c. US$ 450 million). HNB acts in accordance with "Law on Croatian National Bank".On 21 December 1990 the Constitution of Croatia, determined in article 53, named the Croatian National Bank as Croatia's central bank, and declared its responsibilities: "Croatian National Bank is central bank of Republic of Croatia. Croatian National Bank is responsible, within its rights and duties, for stability of the currency and for liquidity of payments in state and abroad. Croatian National Bank is independent in its activity and responsible to Croatian "Sabor". Profits made by Croatian National Bank belong to Croatian state budget. Position of Croatian National Bank is made by law." By amendments of Constitution of Croatia in 1997, Bank's earlier name "National Bank of Croatia" () was changed to "Croatian National Bank" ().The Croatian National Bank is the central bank of the Republic of Croatia and part of the European System of Central Banks. The primary objective of the CNB is maintaining price stability and the stability of the financial system as a whole. The Croatian National Bank executes monetary policy, manages international reserves of the Republic of Croatia, issues the Croatian currency - the kuna, issues authorisations of credit institutions, credit unions, payment institutions and electronic money institutions and supervises their operation. The CNB also issues authorisations of authorised exchange offices.The Croatian National Bank is autonomous and independent in achieving its objective and carrying out its tasks. The CNB reports on its work to the Croatian Parliament.Independence of the CNBThe independence of the central bank is a key precondition for a successful and credible implementation of monetary policy and for the achievement of the main objective of the central bank - maintenance of price stability.The independence of the Croatian National Bank is in accordance with Article 130 of the Treaty on European Union, which guarantees the independence of national central banks of the European Union. There are several aspects of central bank independence: functional, institutional, personal and financial. Functional independence implies a clearly defined objective and autonomy in the choice of measures and instruments for its realisation. Institutional independence means that central bank decisions are independent from the influence of other institutions. Personal independence guarantees the protection of CNB officials from external pressures, excludes conflicts of interest and precisely defines the conditions for the appointment and removal from office of the Governor and other members of the CNB Council. Financial independence implies the possibility for the CNB to autonomously obtain funds for the purpose of executing its mandate, with the income and expense determined by the monetary policy stance.Stable prices is the main criteria for monetary stability. Stable prices are maintained by making sure price increases meet the Government's inflation target.hnb.hr/o-hnb Maintaining financial stability involves protecting against threats to the whole financial system. Threats are detected by the Bank's surveillance and market intelligence functions. The threats are then dealt with through financial and other operations. The Bank works together with other institutions to secure both monetary and financial stability.
|
[
"Pero Jurković",
"Marko Škreb",
"A. Čičin-Šain",
"Boris Vujčić"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Croatian National Bank in Aug, 2019?
|
August 05, 2019
|
{
"text": [
"Boris Vujčić"
]
}
|
L2_Q1143457_P488_4
|
Željko Rohatinski is the chair of Croatian National Bank from Jul, 2000 to Jul, 2012.
A. Čičin-Šain is the chair of Croatian National Bank from Aug, 1990 to Jan, 1992.
Pero Jurković is the chair of Croatian National Bank from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1996.
Boris Vujčić is the chair of Croatian National Bank from Jul, 2012 to Dec, 2022.
Marko Škreb is the chair of Croatian National Bank from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 2000.
|
Croatian National BankThe Croatian National Bank ( or HNB; ) is the central bank of the Republic of Croatia.HNB was established by the Constitution of Croatia which was passed by the Croatian Parliament on 21 December 1990. Its main responsibilities are maintaining the stability of the national currency, the kuna, and ensuring general financial liquidity within the country. HNB also issues banknotes and holds the national monetary reserves. In performing its duties HNB acts as an independent institution responsible to the Parliament. The bank has a share capital of 2,500,000,000 Croatian kunas (c. US$ 450 million). HNB acts in accordance with "Law on Croatian National Bank".On 21 December 1990 the Constitution of Croatia, determined in article 53, named the Croatian National Bank as Croatia's central bank, and declared its responsibilities: "Croatian National Bank is central bank of Republic of Croatia. Croatian National Bank is responsible, within its rights and duties, for stability of the currency and for liquidity of payments in state and abroad. Croatian National Bank is independent in its activity and responsible to Croatian "Sabor". Profits made by Croatian National Bank belong to Croatian state budget. Position of Croatian National Bank is made by law." By amendments of Constitution of Croatia in 1997, Bank's earlier name "National Bank of Croatia" () was changed to "Croatian National Bank" ().The Croatian National Bank is the central bank of the Republic of Croatia and part of the European System of Central Banks. The primary objective of the CNB is maintaining price stability and the stability of the financial system as a whole. The Croatian National Bank executes monetary policy, manages international reserves of the Republic of Croatia, issues the Croatian currency - the kuna, issues authorisations of credit institutions, credit unions, payment institutions and electronic money institutions and supervises their operation. The CNB also issues authorisations of authorised exchange offices.The Croatian National Bank is autonomous and independent in achieving its objective and carrying out its tasks. The CNB reports on its work to the Croatian Parliament.Independence of the CNBThe independence of the central bank is a key precondition for a successful and credible implementation of monetary policy and for the achievement of the main objective of the central bank - maintenance of price stability.The independence of the Croatian National Bank is in accordance with Article 130 of the Treaty on European Union, which guarantees the independence of national central banks of the European Union. There are several aspects of central bank independence: functional, institutional, personal and financial. Functional independence implies a clearly defined objective and autonomy in the choice of measures and instruments for its realisation. Institutional independence means that central bank decisions are independent from the influence of other institutions. Personal independence guarantees the protection of CNB officials from external pressures, excludes conflicts of interest and precisely defines the conditions for the appointment and removal from office of the Governor and other members of the CNB Council. Financial independence implies the possibility for the CNB to autonomously obtain funds for the purpose of executing its mandate, with the income and expense determined by the monetary policy stance.Stable prices is the main criteria for monetary stability. Stable prices are maintained by making sure price increases meet the Government's inflation target.hnb.hr/o-hnb Maintaining financial stability involves protecting against threats to the whole financial system. Threats are detected by the Bank's surveillance and market intelligence functions. The threats are then dealt with through financial and other operations. The Bank works together with other institutions to secure both monetary and financial stability.
|
[
"Pero Jurković",
"Marko Škreb",
"A. Čičin-Šain",
"Željko Rohatinski"
] |
|
Which position did Daniel Sirera hold in Nov, 1996?
|
November 21, 1996
|
{
"text": [
"City councillor of Barcelona",
"Member of the Catalan Parliament"
]
}
|
L2_Q4893128_P39_0
|
Daniel Sirera holds the position of City councillor of Barcelona from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1999.
Daniel Sirera holds the position of Member of the Catalan Parliament from Nov, 1995 to Oct, 2010.
Daniel Sirera holds the position of member of the Catalan Audiovisual Council from Jul, 2012 to Dec, 2022.
Daniel Sirera holds the position of president of the People's Party of Catalonia from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008.
Daniel Sirera holds the position of secretary member of the Catalan Audiovisual Council from Jul, 2012 to Dec, 2022.
Daniel Sirera holds the position of Member of the Senate of Spain from Mar, 2008 to Apr, 2008.
|
Daniel SireraDaniel Sirera Bellés (born 30 July 1967 in Badalona) is a Spanish politician. He served as the chairman of the People's Party in Catalonia (PPC) from 2007–2008.He is currently a deputy in the Parliament of Catalonia for the constituency of Barcelona and is the leader of the PPC's parliamentary group. Between 2007 and 2008, Sirera was Senator.Sirera, who was born in Badalona, is a law graduate of the University of Barcelona.He is a former columnist for "Libertad Digital".
|
[
"member of the Catalan Audiovisual Council",
"secretary member of the Catalan Audiovisual Council",
"president of the People's Party of Catalonia",
"Member of the Senate of Spain"
] |
|
Which position did Daniel Sirera hold in Sep, 1997?
|
September 18, 1997
|
{
"text": [
"City councillor of Barcelona",
"Member of the Catalan Parliament"
]
}
|
L2_Q4893128_P39_1
|
Daniel Sirera holds the position of Member of the Senate of Spain from Mar, 2008 to Apr, 2008.
Daniel Sirera holds the position of member of the Catalan Audiovisual Council from Jul, 2012 to Dec, 2022.
Daniel Sirera holds the position of Member of the Catalan Parliament from Nov, 1995 to Oct, 2010.
Daniel Sirera holds the position of president of the People's Party of Catalonia from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008.
Daniel Sirera holds the position of secretary member of the Catalan Audiovisual Council from Jul, 2012 to Dec, 2022.
Daniel Sirera holds the position of City councillor of Barcelona from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1999.
|
Daniel SireraDaniel Sirera Bellés (born 30 July 1967 in Badalona) is a Spanish politician. He served as the chairman of the People's Party in Catalonia (PPC) from 2007–2008.He is currently a deputy in the Parliament of Catalonia for the constituency of Barcelona and is the leader of the PPC's parliamentary group. Between 2007 and 2008, Sirera was Senator.Sirera, who was born in Badalona, is a law graduate of the University of Barcelona.He is a former columnist for "Libertad Digital".
|
[
"member of the Catalan Audiovisual Council",
"secretary member of the Catalan Audiovisual Council",
"president of the People's Party of Catalonia",
"Member of the Senate of Spain"
] |
|
Which position did Daniel Sirera hold in Aug, 2007?
|
August 16, 2007
|
{
"text": [
"president of the People's Party of Catalonia",
"Member of the Catalan Parliament"
]
}
|
L2_Q4893128_P39_2
|
Daniel Sirera holds the position of secretary member of the Catalan Audiovisual Council from Jul, 2012 to Dec, 2022.
Daniel Sirera holds the position of Member of the Senate of Spain from Mar, 2008 to Apr, 2008.
Daniel Sirera holds the position of member of the Catalan Audiovisual Council from Jul, 2012 to Dec, 2022.
Daniel Sirera holds the position of Member of the Catalan Parliament from Nov, 1995 to Oct, 2010.
Daniel Sirera holds the position of City councillor of Barcelona from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1999.
Daniel Sirera holds the position of president of the People's Party of Catalonia from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008.
|
Daniel SireraDaniel Sirera Bellés (born 30 July 1967 in Badalona) is a Spanish politician. He served as the chairman of the People's Party in Catalonia (PPC) from 2007–2008.He is currently a deputy in the Parliament of Catalonia for the constituency of Barcelona and is the leader of the PPC's parliamentary group. Between 2007 and 2008, Sirera was Senator.Sirera, who was born in Badalona, is a law graduate of the University of Barcelona.He is a former columnist for "Libertad Digital".
|
[
"member of the Catalan Audiovisual Council",
"secretary member of the Catalan Audiovisual Council",
"City councillor of Barcelona",
"Member of the Senate of Spain"
] |
|
Which position did Daniel Sirera hold in Mar, 2008?
|
March 30, 2008
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the Senate of Spain",
"Member of the Catalan Parliament"
]
}
|
L2_Q4893128_P39_3
|
Daniel Sirera holds the position of Member of the Catalan Parliament from Nov, 1995 to Oct, 2010.
Daniel Sirera holds the position of Member of the Senate of Spain from Mar, 2008 to Apr, 2008.
Daniel Sirera holds the position of president of the People's Party of Catalonia from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008.
Daniel Sirera holds the position of member of the Catalan Audiovisual Council from Jul, 2012 to Dec, 2022.
Daniel Sirera holds the position of City councillor of Barcelona from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1999.
Daniel Sirera holds the position of secretary member of the Catalan Audiovisual Council from Jul, 2012 to Dec, 2022.
|
Daniel SireraDaniel Sirera Bellés (born 30 July 1967 in Badalona) is a Spanish politician. He served as the chairman of the People's Party in Catalonia (PPC) from 2007–2008.He is currently a deputy in the Parliament of Catalonia for the constituency of Barcelona and is the leader of the PPC's parliamentary group. Between 2007 and 2008, Sirera was Senator.Sirera, who was born in Badalona, is a law graduate of the University of Barcelona.He is a former columnist for "Libertad Digital".
|
[
"member of the Catalan Audiovisual Council",
"secretary member of the Catalan Audiovisual Council",
"president of the People's Party of Catalonia",
"City councillor of Barcelona"
] |
|
Which position did Daniel Sirera hold in Jan, 2020?
|
January 29, 2020
|
{
"text": [
"member of the Catalan Audiovisual Council",
"secretary member of the Catalan Audiovisual Council"
]
}
|
L2_Q4893128_P39_4
|
Daniel Sirera holds the position of member of the Catalan Audiovisual Council from Jul, 2012 to Dec, 2022.
Daniel Sirera holds the position of Member of the Senate of Spain from Mar, 2008 to Apr, 2008.
Daniel Sirera holds the position of secretary member of the Catalan Audiovisual Council from Jul, 2012 to Dec, 2022.
Daniel Sirera holds the position of Member of the Catalan Parliament from Nov, 1995 to Oct, 2010.
Daniel Sirera holds the position of City councillor of Barcelona from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1999.
Daniel Sirera holds the position of president of the People's Party of Catalonia from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008.
|
Daniel SireraDaniel Sirera Bellés (born 30 July 1967 in Badalona) is a Spanish politician. He served as the chairman of the People's Party in Catalonia (PPC) from 2007–2008.He is currently a deputy in the Parliament of Catalonia for the constituency of Barcelona and is the leader of the PPC's parliamentary group. Between 2007 and 2008, Sirera was Senator.Sirera, who was born in Badalona, is a law graduate of the University of Barcelona.He is a former columnist for "Libertad Digital".
|
[
"City councillor of Barcelona",
"president of the People's Party of Catalonia",
"Member of the Catalan Parliament",
"Member of the Senate of Spain"
] |
|
Which position did Daniel Sirera hold in Apr, 2020?
|
April 28, 2020
|
{
"text": [
"member of the Catalan Audiovisual Council",
"secretary member of the Catalan Audiovisual Council"
]
}
|
L2_Q4893128_P39_5
|
Daniel Sirera holds the position of secretary member of the Catalan Audiovisual Council from Jul, 2012 to Dec, 2022.
Daniel Sirera holds the position of City councillor of Barcelona from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1999.
Daniel Sirera holds the position of Member of the Senate of Spain from Mar, 2008 to Apr, 2008.
Daniel Sirera holds the position of member of the Catalan Audiovisual Council from Jul, 2012 to Dec, 2022.
Daniel Sirera holds the position of president of the People's Party of Catalonia from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008.
Daniel Sirera holds the position of Member of the Catalan Parliament from Nov, 1995 to Oct, 2010.
|
Daniel SireraDaniel Sirera Bellés (born 30 July 1967 in Badalona) is a Spanish politician. He served as the chairman of the People's Party in Catalonia (PPC) from 2007–2008.He is currently a deputy in the Parliament of Catalonia for the constituency of Barcelona and is the leader of the PPC's parliamentary group. Between 2007 and 2008, Sirera was Senator.Sirera, who was born in Badalona, is a law graduate of the University of Barcelona.He is a former columnist for "Libertad Digital".
|
[
"City councillor of Barcelona",
"president of the People's Party of Catalonia",
"Member of the Catalan Parliament",
"Member of the Senate of Spain"
] |
|
Which position did Thomas S. Gates, Jr. hold in Jan, 1954?
|
January 25, 1954
|
{
"text": [
"Under Secretary of the Navy"
]
}
|
L2_Q1361114_P39_0
|
Thomas S. Gates, Jr. holds the position of United States Deputy Secretary of Defense from Jun, 1959 to Dec, 1959.
Thomas S. Gates, Jr. holds the position of United States Secretary of the Navy from Apr, 1957 to Jun, 1959.
Thomas S. Gates, Jr. holds the position of United States Secretary of Defense from Dec, 1959 to Jan, 1961.
Thomas S. Gates, Jr. holds the position of Under Secretary of the Navy from Oct, 1953 to Apr, 1957.
Thomas S. Gates, Jr. holds the position of United States Ambassador to China from Apr, 1976 to May, 1977.
|
Thomas S. Gates Jr.Thomas Sovereign Gates Jr. (April 10, 1906March 25, 1983) was an American politician and diplomat who served as Secretary of Defense from 1959 to 1961 and Secretary of the Navy from 1957 to 1959, both under President Dwight D. Eisenhower. During his tenure as Secretary of Defense, he established a task force to set nuclear target priorities. He also authorized U-2 reconnaissance flights, including the flight of Francis Gary Powers.Later in his career, he served as the Chief of the U.S. Liaison Office in Beijing, appointed by President Gerald Ford.Born in Germantown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Gates was the son of Thomas S. Gates Sr., an investment banker and lawyer who was president of the University of Pennsylvania from 1930 to 1944, and his wife, Marie ("née" Rogers) Gates. Gates graduated from Chestnut Hill Academy, an all-male private preparatory school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1924. He was then accepted into the University of Pennsylvania, where his father was serving on the university's board of trustees. At Penn, Gates managed the Penn Quakers football team and was a member of the school's basketball team, where in March 1928, he was arrested along with 16 other students with charges of inciting a riot after Penn defeated Princeton to become Intercollegiate League champions. A member of Zeta Psi fraternity, and the Phi Beta Kappa Society, Gates graduated with his Bachelor of Arts in English in 1928.Gates married the former Millicent Anne Brengle on September 29, 1928. They had one son and three daughters. After graduating, he joined his father's Philadelphia-based investment banking firm, Drexel and Company. In the early to mid-1930s he worked as a bond salesman at Drexel, and later moved to New York City for two years where he was an apprentice for J.P. Morgan & Company. Gates became a full partner at Drexel and Company in 1940.During World War II he served in the Navy, rose to the rank of lieutenant commander, and participated in campaigns in the Pacific and Mediterranean areas. He was released from active duty in October 1945.President Eisenhower appointed Gates Under Secretary of the Navy in October 1953 and Secretary on 1 April 1957, positions in which he earned the president's approval. It was a foregone conclusion when Gates became Defense Secretary Neil McElroy's deputy on 8 June 1959 that he would succeed him. He entered office with an impressive background of active military experience and more than six years in the Department of Defense.As a top-level DoD official since 1953, Gates was familiar with the 1953 and 1958 Defense Department reorganizations. Believing that the Secretary of Defense had all the authority he needed and that time should be allowed for evaluation of the long range effects of the 1958 amendments, he discouraged efforts to further revamp the department. As a former Secretary of the Navy who had observed the gradual downgrading of service secretary positions, he felt that the service secretaries should play a more important role, and he encouraged them to do so.Gates cultivated a good working relationship with the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Less than a month after becoming secretary, he reminded the chiefs of their responsibility to apprise him of disputes and proposed to meet with them in order to expedite settlement or bring the issue to the president's attention for final resolution. Soon Gates and the JCS met on a regular basis, not just in instances when the Chiefs disagreed. Congressional and other sources applauded Gates for taking the initiative in improving both the JCS organization and the secretary's relations with it.Another important Gates initiative was the creation in August 1960 of the Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff (JSTPS). Previously, inadequate coordination of targeting plans between the Strategic Air Command and the Navy led to redundancy and disputed priorities. These differences became especially significant with the advent of the Navy's sea-based Polaris ballistic missiles. Acting on a proposal by SAC Commander in Chief General Thomas S. Power that SAC control strategic weapons targeting, Gates set up the JSTPS. The SAC commander, supported by an integrated joint staff, assumed separate duties as director of strategic target planning, to be, as Gates indicated, "the planning agent for the Joint Chiefs of Staff in developing and keeping up to date the detailed plans which are necessary."When Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Arleigh A. Burke objected to the new arrangement, Gates encouraged him to argue his case with President Eisenhower, who ultimately upheld Gates's decision. Thereafter Burke supported the JSTPS and assigned to it highly qualified naval officers.By December 1960 the JSTPS had prepared the first Single Integrated Operational Plan (SIOP), which specified for various attack options the timing, weapons, delivery systems, and targets to be used by U.S. strategic forces.Gates devoted more time than his predecessors Charles E. Wilson and Neil H. McElroy to the development of basic defense policy, a sphere in which the president remained dominant. While he instituted no radical departure from the New Look approach, the changing nature of nuclear weapons and delivery systems, the related assumed need for continental defense systems, and the pressing question of how to respond to local or "limited" wars, dictated a gradual shift in defense policy.As Gates pointed out at a congressional hearing in January 1960, the two principal U.S. defense objectives were "to deter the outbreak of general war by maintaining and improving our present capability to retaliate with devastating effectiveness in case of a major attack upon us or our allies" and "to maintain, together with our allies, a capability to apply to local situations the degree of force necessary to deter local wars, or to win or contain them promptly if they do break out."Gates saw no clear distinction between general war and limited war forces. As he put it, "All forces are a deterrent to and would be employed in a general war. Most of our forces could be employed in a limited war, if required." He noted as an example that aircraft carriers "are probably the country's best limited war capability initially because they are deployed in the world's trouble zones and they have on-the-spot ability to react"; yet, he added, they could contribute to the strategic offensive forces during general war.During Gates's tenure, two missile elements—the ICBM and the submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) -- joined the manned bomber to form a "triad" of strategic nuclear delivery systems. Also during this period, there occurred movement toward greater emphasis on counterforce targeting a potential enemy's military installations and forces. Not only was the United States developing or beginning to deploy a variety of missile systems during this period-Atlas, Titan, Minuteman, and Polaris-but so was the Soviet Union.The USSR's emphasis on the land-based ICBM rather than the manned bomber as its primary strategic delivery system presaged a threat of such magnitude to the United States that, together with the Sputnik shock, it forced an acceleration in the pace of U.S. missile development.Gates, like McElroy, had to contend with the "missile gap" controversy. He regarded it as a false issue, based on the failure of missile gap believers to distinguish between space and military programs. When the U.S. long-range ballistic missile program began in the early 1950s, Gates observed, the development of small, lightweight nuclear warheads by American scientists made it possible for smaller ballistic missiles to carry them.The Russians, on the other hand, concentrated on very large boosters that they used to launch space satellites earlier than the United States. Gates told a House committee, "We are not behind the Russians in our military effort overall . . . . It is one thing to admit you are behind in the ability to put big payloads in space for which we have at the moment no military requirement, and another thing to admit that we are behind in our total military posture."Gates conceded that the Soviets might have more strategic missiles than the United States for a few years, perhaps peaking in 1962, but he denied that there was a real missile or deterrent gap; the Soviets would not "gain a strategic posture which might tempt them to initiate a surprise attack." Gates based his thinking in part on a debatable approach to intelligence estimates, which took account of Soviet intentions as well as capabilities, leading to the conclusion that the disparity between the number of Soviet and U.S. missiles by 1962 or 1963 would not be as great as estimated during the McElroy period.Like all of his predecessors, Gates supported U.S. participation in collective security pacts and military assistance programs. He identified NATO as the nucleus of the U.S. "forward strategy." As he put it, "Should we ever abandon our forward strategy in favor of the so-called 'Fortress America' concept, we would retreat forever." He urged Congress to continue adequate funding for military assistance, which had brought very high returns for the money spent.Perhaps the most spectacular event of Gates's administration occurred on 1 May 1960 when the Soviet Union shot down over its territory a Lockheed U-2 reconnaissance aircraft piloted by Francis Gary Powers. When Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced the incident four days later and accused the United States of spying, the Eisenhower administration initially suggested that the plane might have strayed into Soviet airspace.On the recommendation of representatives from the State and Defense departments, including Gates, President Eisenhower later admitted that the U-2 was on an intelligence-gathering mission (actually under CIA control) and assumed responsibility for the flight. In mid-May Gates accompanied Eisenhower to Paris for a summit meeting that had been scheduled prior to the U-2 affair. There Khrushchev demanded termination of all U.S. flights over the Soviet Union, an apology, and punishment of those responsible.Eisenhower indicated that the flights would not be resumed but rejected the other demands, whereupon Khrushchev refused to proceed with the summit meeting. Gates suggested later that the Russian leader used the U-2 crisis to abort a meeting that he had determined in advance would not result in gains for the Soviet Union.On the eve of the summit conference, Gates ordered a worldwide alert of U.S. military communications facilities a decision criticized by some as provocative. Stoutly defending his action, Gates later explained that he decided, with the concurrence of Eisenhower and Secretary of State Christian A. Herter, to call the alert when he became aware of the belligerent position Khrushchev intended to take when the summit convened the next day. "Under the circumstances," Gates said, "it seemed most prudent to me to increase the awareness of our unified commanders. Moreover, since the command and individuals concerned in the decision process, including the President, the Secretary of State, and myself, were overseas, it was important to check out our military communications."Although Gates adhered to the usual budget posture and strategy of the Eisenhower administration, there was 8.2 percent real growth in DoD's fiscal year 1961 budget after Congress completed its work. Total obligational authority amounted to $44.6 billion, almost $4.4 billion over the previous year. The bulk of the increase went to the Navy and the Air Force. Gates pressed for an appropriation of $2 billion for military assistance, most of which Congress provided. To criticism of the Eisenhower administration's continuing efforts to hold down the DoD budget, Gates replied that the department was spending enough money to meet the nation's vital security needs.In a lengthy statement entitled "Department of Defense, 1953-1960," prepared at the close of Gates's tenure, the Department of Defense summarized its accomplishments during the Eisenhower years, concluding that "today our armed forces have the greatest striking power in our history, many times greater than in 1953."Among other accomplishments, it cited development of medium- and long-range bombers (including the B-52s put into service during the 1950s) and ICBMs; installation of a continental defense system the Distant Early Warning Line (DEW) Line, the Ballistic Missile Early Warning System (BMEWS), and Nike surface-to-air missile systems; production of several nuclear submarines, beginning with the Nautilus in 1954, and "Forrestal"-type carriers; and creation of the Defense Communications Agency.Gates retired from office on 20 January 1961. There were those who regarded him as the first of a new breed of secretaries of defense who would take a more active management approach evidenced by his regular meetings with the JCS and establishment of the Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff. Gates, of course, had the advantages of long prior service in DoD and the expanded authority of the office resulting from the 1953 and 1958 reorganizations.Although President Eisenhower continued to be, as during the Wilson and McElroy periods, the chief author of defense policy and the ultimate decision-maker, Gates appeared to operate with more authority and independence than his immediate predecessors, especially in areas such as strategic policy and planning.After John F. Kennedy's election to the presidency in 1960, the press speculated that he might include a Republican in his cabinet and that Gates would be high on the list of possible appointees.On January 18, 1961, Gates was presented with the Medal of Freedom by President Dwight D. Eisenhower. After he left at The Pentagon, Gates joined Morgan and Company in New York, later the Morgan Guaranty Trust Company, which eventually became the J.P Morgan Bank, becoming president in 1962 and chairman and chief executive officer in 1965. President Richard M. Nixon appointed him chairman of the Advisory Commission on an All-Volunteer Force, which presented its recommendations to end the draft on February 21, 1970. From 1976 to 1977 he served, with the rank of ambassador, as chief of the United States Liaison Office in the People's Republic of China.Gates served as a Trustee of the University of Pennsylvania, from 1948 to 1983 and received an honorary degree of an LL.D. from Penn, his alma mater, in 1956. He was also a member of the Board of Trustees of the College of the Atlantic during the periods 1972–1976 and 1978–1983. The community center at College of the Atlantic is named in his honor.Gates died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on March 25, 1983.The "Ticonderoga"-class guided missile cruiser USS "Thomas S. Gates" (CG-51) is named after the late Secretary of Defense. It is the only such cruiser named after a person.
|
[
"United States Secretary of Defense",
"United States Deputy Secretary of Defense",
"United States Secretary of the Navy",
"United States Ambassador to China"
] |
|
Which position did Thomas S. Gates, Jr. hold in May, 1957?
|
May 23, 1957
|
{
"text": [
"United States Secretary of the Navy"
]
}
|
L2_Q1361114_P39_1
|
Thomas S. Gates, Jr. holds the position of United States Deputy Secretary of Defense from Jun, 1959 to Dec, 1959.
Thomas S. Gates, Jr. holds the position of United States Secretary of the Navy from Apr, 1957 to Jun, 1959.
Thomas S. Gates, Jr. holds the position of United States Secretary of Defense from Dec, 1959 to Jan, 1961.
Thomas S. Gates, Jr. holds the position of United States Ambassador to China from Apr, 1976 to May, 1977.
Thomas S. Gates, Jr. holds the position of Under Secretary of the Navy from Oct, 1953 to Apr, 1957.
|
Thomas S. Gates Jr.Thomas Sovereign Gates Jr. (April 10, 1906March 25, 1983) was an American politician and diplomat who served as Secretary of Defense from 1959 to 1961 and Secretary of the Navy from 1957 to 1959, both under President Dwight D. Eisenhower. During his tenure as Secretary of Defense, he established a task force to set nuclear target priorities. He also authorized U-2 reconnaissance flights, including the flight of Francis Gary Powers.Later in his career, he served as the Chief of the U.S. Liaison Office in Beijing, appointed by President Gerald Ford.Born in Germantown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Gates was the son of Thomas S. Gates Sr., an investment banker and lawyer who was president of the University of Pennsylvania from 1930 to 1944, and his wife, Marie ("née" Rogers) Gates. Gates graduated from Chestnut Hill Academy, an all-male private preparatory school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1924. He was then accepted into the University of Pennsylvania, where his father was serving on the university's board of trustees. At Penn, Gates managed the Penn Quakers football team and was a member of the school's basketball team, where in March 1928, he was arrested along with 16 other students with charges of inciting a riot after Penn defeated Princeton to become Intercollegiate League champions. A member of Zeta Psi fraternity, and the Phi Beta Kappa Society, Gates graduated with his Bachelor of Arts in English in 1928.Gates married the former Millicent Anne Brengle on September 29, 1928. They had one son and three daughters. After graduating, he joined his father's Philadelphia-based investment banking firm, Drexel and Company. In the early to mid-1930s he worked as a bond salesman at Drexel, and later moved to New York City for two years where he was an apprentice for J.P. Morgan & Company. Gates became a full partner at Drexel and Company in 1940.During World War II he served in the Navy, rose to the rank of lieutenant commander, and participated in campaigns in the Pacific and Mediterranean areas. He was released from active duty in October 1945.President Eisenhower appointed Gates Under Secretary of the Navy in October 1953 and Secretary on 1 April 1957, positions in which he earned the president's approval. It was a foregone conclusion when Gates became Defense Secretary Neil McElroy's deputy on 8 June 1959 that he would succeed him. He entered office with an impressive background of active military experience and more than six years in the Department of Defense.As a top-level DoD official since 1953, Gates was familiar with the 1953 and 1958 Defense Department reorganizations. Believing that the Secretary of Defense had all the authority he needed and that time should be allowed for evaluation of the long range effects of the 1958 amendments, he discouraged efforts to further revamp the department. As a former Secretary of the Navy who had observed the gradual downgrading of service secretary positions, he felt that the service secretaries should play a more important role, and he encouraged them to do so.Gates cultivated a good working relationship with the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Less than a month after becoming secretary, he reminded the chiefs of their responsibility to apprise him of disputes and proposed to meet with them in order to expedite settlement or bring the issue to the president's attention for final resolution. Soon Gates and the JCS met on a regular basis, not just in instances when the Chiefs disagreed. Congressional and other sources applauded Gates for taking the initiative in improving both the JCS organization and the secretary's relations with it.Another important Gates initiative was the creation in August 1960 of the Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff (JSTPS). Previously, inadequate coordination of targeting plans between the Strategic Air Command and the Navy led to redundancy and disputed priorities. These differences became especially significant with the advent of the Navy's sea-based Polaris ballistic missiles. Acting on a proposal by SAC Commander in Chief General Thomas S. Power that SAC control strategic weapons targeting, Gates set up the JSTPS. The SAC commander, supported by an integrated joint staff, assumed separate duties as director of strategic target planning, to be, as Gates indicated, "the planning agent for the Joint Chiefs of Staff in developing and keeping up to date the detailed plans which are necessary."When Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Arleigh A. Burke objected to the new arrangement, Gates encouraged him to argue his case with President Eisenhower, who ultimately upheld Gates's decision. Thereafter Burke supported the JSTPS and assigned to it highly qualified naval officers.By December 1960 the JSTPS had prepared the first Single Integrated Operational Plan (SIOP), which specified for various attack options the timing, weapons, delivery systems, and targets to be used by U.S. strategic forces.Gates devoted more time than his predecessors Charles E. Wilson and Neil H. McElroy to the development of basic defense policy, a sphere in which the president remained dominant. While he instituted no radical departure from the New Look approach, the changing nature of nuclear weapons and delivery systems, the related assumed need for continental defense systems, and the pressing question of how to respond to local or "limited" wars, dictated a gradual shift in defense policy.As Gates pointed out at a congressional hearing in January 1960, the two principal U.S. defense objectives were "to deter the outbreak of general war by maintaining and improving our present capability to retaliate with devastating effectiveness in case of a major attack upon us or our allies" and "to maintain, together with our allies, a capability to apply to local situations the degree of force necessary to deter local wars, or to win or contain them promptly if they do break out."Gates saw no clear distinction between general war and limited war forces. As he put it, "All forces are a deterrent to and would be employed in a general war. Most of our forces could be employed in a limited war, if required." He noted as an example that aircraft carriers "are probably the country's best limited war capability initially because they are deployed in the world's trouble zones and they have on-the-spot ability to react"; yet, he added, they could contribute to the strategic offensive forces during general war.During Gates's tenure, two missile elements—the ICBM and the submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) -- joined the manned bomber to form a "triad" of strategic nuclear delivery systems. Also during this period, there occurred movement toward greater emphasis on counterforce targeting a potential enemy's military installations and forces. Not only was the United States developing or beginning to deploy a variety of missile systems during this period-Atlas, Titan, Minuteman, and Polaris-but so was the Soviet Union.The USSR's emphasis on the land-based ICBM rather than the manned bomber as its primary strategic delivery system presaged a threat of such magnitude to the United States that, together with the Sputnik shock, it forced an acceleration in the pace of U.S. missile development.Gates, like McElroy, had to contend with the "missile gap" controversy. He regarded it as a false issue, based on the failure of missile gap believers to distinguish between space and military programs. When the U.S. long-range ballistic missile program began in the early 1950s, Gates observed, the development of small, lightweight nuclear warheads by American scientists made it possible for smaller ballistic missiles to carry them.The Russians, on the other hand, concentrated on very large boosters that they used to launch space satellites earlier than the United States. Gates told a House committee, "We are not behind the Russians in our military effort overall . . . . It is one thing to admit you are behind in the ability to put big payloads in space for which we have at the moment no military requirement, and another thing to admit that we are behind in our total military posture."Gates conceded that the Soviets might have more strategic missiles than the United States for a few years, perhaps peaking in 1962, but he denied that there was a real missile or deterrent gap; the Soviets would not "gain a strategic posture which might tempt them to initiate a surprise attack." Gates based his thinking in part on a debatable approach to intelligence estimates, which took account of Soviet intentions as well as capabilities, leading to the conclusion that the disparity between the number of Soviet and U.S. missiles by 1962 or 1963 would not be as great as estimated during the McElroy period.Like all of his predecessors, Gates supported U.S. participation in collective security pacts and military assistance programs. He identified NATO as the nucleus of the U.S. "forward strategy." As he put it, "Should we ever abandon our forward strategy in favor of the so-called 'Fortress America' concept, we would retreat forever." He urged Congress to continue adequate funding for military assistance, which had brought very high returns for the money spent.Perhaps the most spectacular event of Gates's administration occurred on 1 May 1960 when the Soviet Union shot down over its territory a Lockheed U-2 reconnaissance aircraft piloted by Francis Gary Powers. When Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced the incident four days later and accused the United States of spying, the Eisenhower administration initially suggested that the plane might have strayed into Soviet airspace.On the recommendation of representatives from the State and Defense departments, including Gates, President Eisenhower later admitted that the U-2 was on an intelligence-gathering mission (actually under CIA control) and assumed responsibility for the flight. In mid-May Gates accompanied Eisenhower to Paris for a summit meeting that had been scheduled prior to the U-2 affair. There Khrushchev demanded termination of all U.S. flights over the Soviet Union, an apology, and punishment of those responsible.Eisenhower indicated that the flights would not be resumed but rejected the other demands, whereupon Khrushchev refused to proceed with the summit meeting. Gates suggested later that the Russian leader used the U-2 crisis to abort a meeting that he had determined in advance would not result in gains for the Soviet Union.On the eve of the summit conference, Gates ordered a worldwide alert of U.S. military communications facilities a decision criticized by some as provocative. Stoutly defending his action, Gates later explained that he decided, with the concurrence of Eisenhower and Secretary of State Christian A. Herter, to call the alert when he became aware of the belligerent position Khrushchev intended to take when the summit convened the next day. "Under the circumstances," Gates said, "it seemed most prudent to me to increase the awareness of our unified commanders. Moreover, since the command and individuals concerned in the decision process, including the President, the Secretary of State, and myself, were overseas, it was important to check out our military communications."Although Gates adhered to the usual budget posture and strategy of the Eisenhower administration, there was 8.2 percent real growth in DoD's fiscal year 1961 budget after Congress completed its work. Total obligational authority amounted to $44.6 billion, almost $4.4 billion over the previous year. The bulk of the increase went to the Navy and the Air Force. Gates pressed for an appropriation of $2 billion for military assistance, most of which Congress provided. To criticism of the Eisenhower administration's continuing efforts to hold down the DoD budget, Gates replied that the department was spending enough money to meet the nation's vital security needs.In a lengthy statement entitled "Department of Defense, 1953-1960," prepared at the close of Gates's tenure, the Department of Defense summarized its accomplishments during the Eisenhower years, concluding that "today our armed forces have the greatest striking power in our history, many times greater than in 1953."Among other accomplishments, it cited development of medium- and long-range bombers (including the B-52s put into service during the 1950s) and ICBMs; installation of a continental defense system the Distant Early Warning Line (DEW) Line, the Ballistic Missile Early Warning System (BMEWS), and Nike surface-to-air missile systems; production of several nuclear submarines, beginning with the Nautilus in 1954, and "Forrestal"-type carriers; and creation of the Defense Communications Agency.Gates retired from office on 20 January 1961. There were those who regarded him as the first of a new breed of secretaries of defense who would take a more active management approach evidenced by his regular meetings with the JCS and establishment of the Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff. Gates, of course, had the advantages of long prior service in DoD and the expanded authority of the office resulting from the 1953 and 1958 reorganizations.Although President Eisenhower continued to be, as during the Wilson and McElroy periods, the chief author of defense policy and the ultimate decision-maker, Gates appeared to operate with more authority and independence than his immediate predecessors, especially in areas such as strategic policy and planning.After John F. Kennedy's election to the presidency in 1960, the press speculated that he might include a Republican in his cabinet and that Gates would be high on the list of possible appointees.On January 18, 1961, Gates was presented with the Medal of Freedom by President Dwight D. Eisenhower. After he left at The Pentagon, Gates joined Morgan and Company in New York, later the Morgan Guaranty Trust Company, which eventually became the J.P Morgan Bank, becoming president in 1962 and chairman and chief executive officer in 1965. President Richard M. Nixon appointed him chairman of the Advisory Commission on an All-Volunteer Force, which presented its recommendations to end the draft on February 21, 1970. From 1976 to 1977 he served, with the rank of ambassador, as chief of the United States Liaison Office in the People's Republic of China.Gates served as a Trustee of the University of Pennsylvania, from 1948 to 1983 and received an honorary degree of an LL.D. from Penn, his alma mater, in 1956. He was also a member of the Board of Trustees of the College of the Atlantic during the periods 1972–1976 and 1978–1983. The community center at College of the Atlantic is named in his honor.Gates died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on March 25, 1983.The "Ticonderoga"-class guided missile cruiser USS "Thomas S. Gates" (CG-51) is named after the late Secretary of Defense. It is the only such cruiser named after a person.
|
[
"United States Secretary of Defense",
"Under Secretary of the Navy",
"United States Deputy Secretary of Defense",
"United States Ambassador to China"
] |
|
Which position did Thomas S. Gates, Jr. hold in Jun, 1959?
|
June 21, 1959
|
{
"text": [
"United States Deputy Secretary of Defense",
"United States Secretary of the Navy"
]
}
|
L2_Q1361114_P39_2
|
Thomas S. Gates, Jr. holds the position of United States Secretary of Defense from Dec, 1959 to Jan, 1961.
Thomas S. Gates, Jr. holds the position of United States Secretary of the Navy from Apr, 1957 to Jun, 1959.
Thomas S. Gates, Jr. holds the position of United States Ambassador to China from Apr, 1976 to May, 1977.
Thomas S. Gates, Jr. holds the position of United States Deputy Secretary of Defense from Jun, 1959 to Dec, 1959.
Thomas S. Gates, Jr. holds the position of Under Secretary of the Navy from Oct, 1953 to Apr, 1957.
|
Thomas S. Gates Jr.Thomas Sovereign Gates Jr. (April 10, 1906March 25, 1983) was an American politician and diplomat who served as Secretary of Defense from 1959 to 1961 and Secretary of the Navy from 1957 to 1959, both under President Dwight D. Eisenhower. During his tenure as Secretary of Defense, he established a task force to set nuclear target priorities. He also authorized U-2 reconnaissance flights, including the flight of Francis Gary Powers.Later in his career, he served as the Chief of the U.S. Liaison Office in Beijing, appointed by President Gerald Ford.Born in Germantown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Gates was the son of Thomas S. Gates Sr., an investment banker and lawyer who was president of the University of Pennsylvania from 1930 to 1944, and his wife, Marie ("née" Rogers) Gates. Gates graduated from Chestnut Hill Academy, an all-male private preparatory school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1924. He was then accepted into the University of Pennsylvania, where his father was serving on the university's board of trustees. At Penn, Gates managed the Penn Quakers football team and was a member of the school's basketball team, where in March 1928, he was arrested along with 16 other students with charges of inciting a riot after Penn defeated Princeton to become Intercollegiate League champions. A member of Zeta Psi fraternity, and the Phi Beta Kappa Society, Gates graduated with his Bachelor of Arts in English in 1928.Gates married the former Millicent Anne Brengle on September 29, 1928. They had one son and three daughters. After graduating, he joined his father's Philadelphia-based investment banking firm, Drexel and Company. In the early to mid-1930s he worked as a bond salesman at Drexel, and later moved to New York City for two years where he was an apprentice for J.P. Morgan & Company. Gates became a full partner at Drexel and Company in 1940.During World War II he served in the Navy, rose to the rank of lieutenant commander, and participated in campaigns in the Pacific and Mediterranean areas. He was released from active duty in October 1945.President Eisenhower appointed Gates Under Secretary of the Navy in October 1953 and Secretary on 1 April 1957, positions in which he earned the president's approval. It was a foregone conclusion when Gates became Defense Secretary Neil McElroy's deputy on 8 June 1959 that he would succeed him. He entered office with an impressive background of active military experience and more than six years in the Department of Defense.As a top-level DoD official since 1953, Gates was familiar with the 1953 and 1958 Defense Department reorganizations. Believing that the Secretary of Defense had all the authority he needed and that time should be allowed for evaluation of the long range effects of the 1958 amendments, he discouraged efforts to further revamp the department. As a former Secretary of the Navy who had observed the gradual downgrading of service secretary positions, he felt that the service secretaries should play a more important role, and he encouraged them to do so.Gates cultivated a good working relationship with the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Less than a month after becoming secretary, he reminded the chiefs of their responsibility to apprise him of disputes and proposed to meet with them in order to expedite settlement or bring the issue to the president's attention for final resolution. Soon Gates and the JCS met on a regular basis, not just in instances when the Chiefs disagreed. Congressional and other sources applauded Gates for taking the initiative in improving both the JCS organization and the secretary's relations with it.Another important Gates initiative was the creation in August 1960 of the Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff (JSTPS). Previously, inadequate coordination of targeting plans between the Strategic Air Command and the Navy led to redundancy and disputed priorities. These differences became especially significant with the advent of the Navy's sea-based Polaris ballistic missiles. Acting on a proposal by SAC Commander in Chief General Thomas S. Power that SAC control strategic weapons targeting, Gates set up the JSTPS. The SAC commander, supported by an integrated joint staff, assumed separate duties as director of strategic target planning, to be, as Gates indicated, "the planning agent for the Joint Chiefs of Staff in developing and keeping up to date the detailed plans which are necessary."When Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Arleigh A. Burke objected to the new arrangement, Gates encouraged him to argue his case with President Eisenhower, who ultimately upheld Gates's decision. Thereafter Burke supported the JSTPS and assigned to it highly qualified naval officers.By December 1960 the JSTPS had prepared the first Single Integrated Operational Plan (SIOP), which specified for various attack options the timing, weapons, delivery systems, and targets to be used by U.S. strategic forces.Gates devoted more time than his predecessors Charles E. Wilson and Neil H. McElroy to the development of basic defense policy, a sphere in which the president remained dominant. While he instituted no radical departure from the New Look approach, the changing nature of nuclear weapons and delivery systems, the related assumed need for continental defense systems, and the pressing question of how to respond to local or "limited" wars, dictated a gradual shift in defense policy.As Gates pointed out at a congressional hearing in January 1960, the two principal U.S. defense objectives were "to deter the outbreak of general war by maintaining and improving our present capability to retaliate with devastating effectiveness in case of a major attack upon us or our allies" and "to maintain, together with our allies, a capability to apply to local situations the degree of force necessary to deter local wars, or to win or contain them promptly if they do break out."Gates saw no clear distinction between general war and limited war forces. As he put it, "All forces are a deterrent to and would be employed in a general war. Most of our forces could be employed in a limited war, if required." He noted as an example that aircraft carriers "are probably the country's best limited war capability initially because they are deployed in the world's trouble zones and they have on-the-spot ability to react"; yet, he added, they could contribute to the strategic offensive forces during general war.During Gates's tenure, two missile elements—the ICBM and the submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) -- joined the manned bomber to form a "triad" of strategic nuclear delivery systems. Also during this period, there occurred movement toward greater emphasis on counterforce targeting a potential enemy's military installations and forces. Not only was the United States developing or beginning to deploy a variety of missile systems during this period-Atlas, Titan, Minuteman, and Polaris-but so was the Soviet Union.The USSR's emphasis on the land-based ICBM rather than the manned bomber as its primary strategic delivery system presaged a threat of such magnitude to the United States that, together with the Sputnik shock, it forced an acceleration in the pace of U.S. missile development.Gates, like McElroy, had to contend with the "missile gap" controversy. He regarded it as a false issue, based on the failure of missile gap believers to distinguish between space and military programs. When the U.S. long-range ballistic missile program began in the early 1950s, Gates observed, the development of small, lightweight nuclear warheads by American scientists made it possible for smaller ballistic missiles to carry them.The Russians, on the other hand, concentrated on very large boosters that they used to launch space satellites earlier than the United States. Gates told a House committee, "We are not behind the Russians in our military effort overall . . . . It is one thing to admit you are behind in the ability to put big payloads in space for which we have at the moment no military requirement, and another thing to admit that we are behind in our total military posture."Gates conceded that the Soviets might have more strategic missiles than the United States for a few years, perhaps peaking in 1962, but he denied that there was a real missile or deterrent gap; the Soviets would not "gain a strategic posture which might tempt them to initiate a surprise attack." Gates based his thinking in part on a debatable approach to intelligence estimates, which took account of Soviet intentions as well as capabilities, leading to the conclusion that the disparity between the number of Soviet and U.S. missiles by 1962 or 1963 would not be as great as estimated during the McElroy period.Like all of his predecessors, Gates supported U.S. participation in collective security pacts and military assistance programs. He identified NATO as the nucleus of the U.S. "forward strategy." As he put it, "Should we ever abandon our forward strategy in favor of the so-called 'Fortress America' concept, we would retreat forever." He urged Congress to continue adequate funding for military assistance, which had brought very high returns for the money spent.Perhaps the most spectacular event of Gates's administration occurred on 1 May 1960 when the Soviet Union shot down over its territory a Lockheed U-2 reconnaissance aircraft piloted by Francis Gary Powers. When Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced the incident four days later and accused the United States of spying, the Eisenhower administration initially suggested that the plane might have strayed into Soviet airspace.On the recommendation of representatives from the State and Defense departments, including Gates, President Eisenhower later admitted that the U-2 was on an intelligence-gathering mission (actually under CIA control) and assumed responsibility for the flight. In mid-May Gates accompanied Eisenhower to Paris for a summit meeting that had been scheduled prior to the U-2 affair. There Khrushchev demanded termination of all U.S. flights over the Soviet Union, an apology, and punishment of those responsible.Eisenhower indicated that the flights would not be resumed but rejected the other demands, whereupon Khrushchev refused to proceed with the summit meeting. Gates suggested later that the Russian leader used the U-2 crisis to abort a meeting that he had determined in advance would not result in gains for the Soviet Union.On the eve of the summit conference, Gates ordered a worldwide alert of U.S. military communications facilities a decision criticized by some as provocative. Stoutly defending his action, Gates later explained that he decided, with the concurrence of Eisenhower and Secretary of State Christian A. Herter, to call the alert when he became aware of the belligerent position Khrushchev intended to take when the summit convened the next day. "Under the circumstances," Gates said, "it seemed most prudent to me to increase the awareness of our unified commanders. Moreover, since the command and individuals concerned in the decision process, including the President, the Secretary of State, and myself, were overseas, it was important to check out our military communications."Although Gates adhered to the usual budget posture and strategy of the Eisenhower administration, there was 8.2 percent real growth in DoD's fiscal year 1961 budget after Congress completed its work. Total obligational authority amounted to $44.6 billion, almost $4.4 billion over the previous year. The bulk of the increase went to the Navy and the Air Force. Gates pressed for an appropriation of $2 billion for military assistance, most of which Congress provided. To criticism of the Eisenhower administration's continuing efforts to hold down the DoD budget, Gates replied that the department was spending enough money to meet the nation's vital security needs.In a lengthy statement entitled "Department of Defense, 1953-1960," prepared at the close of Gates's tenure, the Department of Defense summarized its accomplishments during the Eisenhower years, concluding that "today our armed forces have the greatest striking power in our history, many times greater than in 1953."Among other accomplishments, it cited development of medium- and long-range bombers (including the B-52s put into service during the 1950s) and ICBMs; installation of a continental defense system the Distant Early Warning Line (DEW) Line, the Ballistic Missile Early Warning System (BMEWS), and Nike surface-to-air missile systems; production of several nuclear submarines, beginning with the Nautilus in 1954, and "Forrestal"-type carriers; and creation of the Defense Communications Agency.Gates retired from office on 20 January 1961. There were those who regarded him as the first of a new breed of secretaries of defense who would take a more active management approach evidenced by his regular meetings with the JCS and establishment of the Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff. Gates, of course, had the advantages of long prior service in DoD and the expanded authority of the office resulting from the 1953 and 1958 reorganizations.Although President Eisenhower continued to be, as during the Wilson and McElroy periods, the chief author of defense policy and the ultimate decision-maker, Gates appeared to operate with more authority and independence than his immediate predecessors, especially in areas such as strategic policy and planning.After John F. Kennedy's election to the presidency in 1960, the press speculated that he might include a Republican in his cabinet and that Gates would be high on the list of possible appointees.On January 18, 1961, Gates was presented with the Medal of Freedom by President Dwight D. Eisenhower. After he left at The Pentagon, Gates joined Morgan and Company in New York, later the Morgan Guaranty Trust Company, which eventually became the J.P Morgan Bank, becoming president in 1962 and chairman and chief executive officer in 1965. President Richard M. Nixon appointed him chairman of the Advisory Commission on an All-Volunteer Force, which presented its recommendations to end the draft on February 21, 1970. From 1976 to 1977 he served, with the rank of ambassador, as chief of the United States Liaison Office in the People's Republic of China.Gates served as a Trustee of the University of Pennsylvania, from 1948 to 1983 and received an honorary degree of an LL.D. from Penn, his alma mater, in 1956. He was also a member of the Board of Trustees of the College of the Atlantic during the periods 1972–1976 and 1978–1983. The community center at College of the Atlantic is named in his honor.Gates died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on March 25, 1983.The "Ticonderoga"-class guided missile cruiser USS "Thomas S. Gates" (CG-51) is named after the late Secretary of Defense. It is the only such cruiser named after a person.
|
[
"United States Secretary of Defense",
"Under Secretary of the Navy",
"United States Ambassador to China",
"United States Secretary of Defense",
"Under Secretary of the Navy",
"United States Secretary of the Navy",
"United States Ambassador to China"
] |
|
Which position did Thomas S. Gates, Jr. hold in Mar, 1960?
|
March 07, 1960
|
{
"text": [
"United States Secretary of Defense"
]
}
|
L2_Q1361114_P39_3
|
Thomas S. Gates, Jr. holds the position of United States Secretary of Defense from Dec, 1959 to Jan, 1961.
Thomas S. Gates, Jr. holds the position of United States Secretary of the Navy from Apr, 1957 to Jun, 1959.
Thomas S. Gates, Jr. holds the position of United States Deputy Secretary of Defense from Jun, 1959 to Dec, 1959.
Thomas S. Gates, Jr. holds the position of United States Ambassador to China from Apr, 1976 to May, 1977.
Thomas S. Gates, Jr. holds the position of Under Secretary of the Navy from Oct, 1953 to Apr, 1957.
|
Thomas S. Gates Jr.Thomas Sovereign Gates Jr. (April 10, 1906March 25, 1983) was an American politician and diplomat who served as Secretary of Defense from 1959 to 1961 and Secretary of the Navy from 1957 to 1959, both under President Dwight D. Eisenhower. During his tenure as Secretary of Defense, he established a task force to set nuclear target priorities. He also authorized U-2 reconnaissance flights, including the flight of Francis Gary Powers.Later in his career, he served as the Chief of the U.S. Liaison Office in Beijing, appointed by President Gerald Ford.Born in Germantown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Gates was the son of Thomas S. Gates Sr., an investment banker and lawyer who was president of the University of Pennsylvania from 1930 to 1944, and his wife, Marie ("née" Rogers) Gates. Gates graduated from Chestnut Hill Academy, an all-male private preparatory school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1924. He was then accepted into the University of Pennsylvania, where his father was serving on the university's board of trustees. At Penn, Gates managed the Penn Quakers football team and was a member of the school's basketball team, where in March 1928, he was arrested along with 16 other students with charges of inciting a riot after Penn defeated Princeton to become Intercollegiate League champions. A member of Zeta Psi fraternity, and the Phi Beta Kappa Society, Gates graduated with his Bachelor of Arts in English in 1928.Gates married the former Millicent Anne Brengle on September 29, 1928. They had one son and three daughters. After graduating, he joined his father's Philadelphia-based investment banking firm, Drexel and Company. In the early to mid-1930s he worked as a bond salesman at Drexel, and later moved to New York City for two years where he was an apprentice for J.P. Morgan & Company. Gates became a full partner at Drexel and Company in 1940.During World War II he served in the Navy, rose to the rank of lieutenant commander, and participated in campaigns in the Pacific and Mediterranean areas. He was released from active duty in October 1945.President Eisenhower appointed Gates Under Secretary of the Navy in October 1953 and Secretary on 1 April 1957, positions in which he earned the president's approval. It was a foregone conclusion when Gates became Defense Secretary Neil McElroy's deputy on 8 June 1959 that he would succeed him. He entered office with an impressive background of active military experience and more than six years in the Department of Defense.As a top-level DoD official since 1953, Gates was familiar with the 1953 and 1958 Defense Department reorganizations. Believing that the Secretary of Defense had all the authority he needed and that time should be allowed for evaluation of the long range effects of the 1958 amendments, he discouraged efforts to further revamp the department. As a former Secretary of the Navy who had observed the gradual downgrading of service secretary positions, he felt that the service secretaries should play a more important role, and he encouraged them to do so.Gates cultivated a good working relationship with the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Less than a month after becoming secretary, he reminded the chiefs of their responsibility to apprise him of disputes and proposed to meet with them in order to expedite settlement or bring the issue to the president's attention for final resolution. Soon Gates and the JCS met on a regular basis, not just in instances when the Chiefs disagreed. Congressional and other sources applauded Gates for taking the initiative in improving both the JCS organization and the secretary's relations with it.Another important Gates initiative was the creation in August 1960 of the Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff (JSTPS). Previously, inadequate coordination of targeting plans between the Strategic Air Command and the Navy led to redundancy and disputed priorities. These differences became especially significant with the advent of the Navy's sea-based Polaris ballistic missiles. Acting on a proposal by SAC Commander in Chief General Thomas S. Power that SAC control strategic weapons targeting, Gates set up the JSTPS. The SAC commander, supported by an integrated joint staff, assumed separate duties as director of strategic target planning, to be, as Gates indicated, "the planning agent for the Joint Chiefs of Staff in developing and keeping up to date the detailed plans which are necessary."When Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Arleigh A. Burke objected to the new arrangement, Gates encouraged him to argue his case with President Eisenhower, who ultimately upheld Gates's decision. Thereafter Burke supported the JSTPS and assigned to it highly qualified naval officers.By December 1960 the JSTPS had prepared the first Single Integrated Operational Plan (SIOP), which specified for various attack options the timing, weapons, delivery systems, and targets to be used by U.S. strategic forces.Gates devoted more time than his predecessors Charles E. Wilson and Neil H. McElroy to the development of basic defense policy, a sphere in which the president remained dominant. While he instituted no radical departure from the New Look approach, the changing nature of nuclear weapons and delivery systems, the related assumed need for continental defense systems, and the pressing question of how to respond to local or "limited" wars, dictated a gradual shift in defense policy.As Gates pointed out at a congressional hearing in January 1960, the two principal U.S. defense objectives were "to deter the outbreak of general war by maintaining and improving our present capability to retaliate with devastating effectiveness in case of a major attack upon us or our allies" and "to maintain, together with our allies, a capability to apply to local situations the degree of force necessary to deter local wars, or to win or contain them promptly if they do break out."Gates saw no clear distinction between general war and limited war forces. As he put it, "All forces are a deterrent to and would be employed in a general war. Most of our forces could be employed in a limited war, if required." He noted as an example that aircraft carriers "are probably the country's best limited war capability initially because they are deployed in the world's trouble zones and they have on-the-spot ability to react"; yet, he added, they could contribute to the strategic offensive forces during general war.During Gates's tenure, two missile elements—the ICBM and the submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) -- joined the manned bomber to form a "triad" of strategic nuclear delivery systems. Also during this period, there occurred movement toward greater emphasis on counterforce targeting a potential enemy's military installations and forces. Not only was the United States developing or beginning to deploy a variety of missile systems during this period-Atlas, Titan, Minuteman, and Polaris-but so was the Soviet Union.The USSR's emphasis on the land-based ICBM rather than the manned bomber as its primary strategic delivery system presaged a threat of such magnitude to the United States that, together with the Sputnik shock, it forced an acceleration in the pace of U.S. missile development.Gates, like McElroy, had to contend with the "missile gap" controversy. He regarded it as a false issue, based on the failure of missile gap believers to distinguish between space and military programs. When the U.S. long-range ballistic missile program began in the early 1950s, Gates observed, the development of small, lightweight nuclear warheads by American scientists made it possible for smaller ballistic missiles to carry them.The Russians, on the other hand, concentrated on very large boosters that they used to launch space satellites earlier than the United States. Gates told a House committee, "We are not behind the Russians in our military effort overall . . . . It is one thing to admit you are behind in the ability to put big payloads in space for which we have at the moment no military requirement, and another thing to admit that we are behind in our total military posture."Gates conceded that the Soviets might have more strategic missiles than the United States for a few years, perhaps peaking in 1962, but he denied that there was a real missile or deterrent gap; the Soviets would not "gain a strategic posture which might tempt them to initiate a surprise attack." Gates based his thinking in part on a debatable approach to intelligence estimates, which took account of Soviet intentions as well as capabilities, leading to the conclusion that the disparity between the number of Soviet and U.S. missiles by 1962 or 1963 would not be as great as estimated during the McElroy period.Like all of his predecessors, Gates supported U.S. participation in collective security pacts and military assistance programs. He identified NATO as the nucleus of the U.S. "forward strategy." As he put it, "Should we ever abandon our forward strategy in favor of the so-called 'Fortress America' concept, we would retreat forever." He urged Congress to continue adequate funding for military assistance, which had brought very high returns for the money spent.Perhaps the most spectacular event of Gates's administration occurred on 1 May 1960 when the Soviet Union shot down over its territory a Lockheed U-2 reconnaissance aircraft piloted by Francis Gary Powers. When Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced the incident four days later and accused the United States of spying, the Eisenhower administration initially suggested that the plane might have strayed into Soviet airspace.On the recommendation of representatives from the State and Defense departments, including Gates, President Eisenhower later admitted that the U-2 was on an intelligence-gathering mission (actually under CIA control) and assumed responsibility for the flight. In mid-May Gates accompanied Eisenhower to Paris for a summit meeting that had been scheduled prior to the U-2 affair. There Khrushchev demanded termination of all U.S. flights over the Soviet Union, an apology, and punishment of those responsible.Eisenhower indicated that the flights would not be resumed but rejected the other demands, whereupon Khrushchev refused to proceed with the summit meeting. Gates suggested later that the Russian leader used the U-2 crisis to abort a meeting that he had determined in advance would not result in gains for the Soviet Union.On the eve of the summit conference, Gates ordered a worldwide alert of U.S. military communications facilities a decision criticized by some as provocative. Stoutly defending his action, Gates later explained that he decided, with the concurrence of Eisenhower and Secretary of State Christian A. Herter, to call the alert when he became aware of the belligerent position Khrushchev intended to take when the summit convened the next day. "Under the circumstances," Gates said, "it seemed most prudent to me to increase the awareness of our unified commanders. Moreover, since the command and individuals concerned in the decision process, including the President, the Secretary of State, and myself, were overseas, it was important to check out our military communications."Although Gates adhered to the usual budget posture and strategy of the Eisenhower administration, there was 8.2 percent real growth in DoD's fiscal year 1961 budget after Congress completed its work. Total obligational authority amounted to $44.6 billion, almost $4.4 billion over the previous year. The bulk of the increase went to the Navy and the Air Force. Gates pressed for an appropriation of $2 billion for military assistance, most of which Congress provided. To criticism of the Eisenhower administration's continuing efforts to hold down the DoD budget, Gates replied that the department was spending enough money to meet the nation's vital security needs.In a lengthy statement entitled "Department of Defense, 1953-1960," prepared at the close of Gates's tenure, the Department of Defense summarized its accomplishments during the Eisenhower years, concluding that "today our armed forces have the greatest striking power in our history, many times greater than in 1953."Among other accomplishments, it cited development of medium- and long-range bombers (including the B-52s put into service during the 1950s) and ICBMs; installation of a continental defense system the Distant Early Warning Line (DEW) Line, the Ballistic Missile Early Warning System (BMEWS), and Nike surface-to-air missile systems; production of several nuclear submarines, beginning with the Nautilus in 1954, and "Forrestal"-type carriers; and creation of the Defense Communications Agency.Gates retired from office on 20 January 1961. There were those who regarded him as the first of a new breed of secretaries of defense who would take a more active management approach evidenced by his regular meetings with the JCS and establishment of the Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff. Gates, of course, had the advantages of long prior service in DoD and the expanded authority of the office resulting from the 1953 and 1958 reorganizations.Although President Eisenhower continued to be, as during the Wilson and McElroy periods, the chief author of defense policy and the ultimate decision-maker, Gates appeared to operate with more authority and independence than his immediate predecessors, especially in areas such as strategic policy and planning.After John F. Kennedy's election to the presidency in 1960, the press speculated that he might include a Republican in his cabinet and that Gates would be high on the list of possible appointees.On January 18, 1961, Gates was presented with the Medal of Freedom by President Dwight D. Eisenhower. After he left at The Pentagon, Gates joined Morgan and Company in New York, later the Morgan Guaranty Trust Company, which eventually became the J.P Morgan Bank, becoming president in 1962 and chairman and chief executive officer in 1965. President Richard M. Nixon appointed him chairman of the Advisory Commission on an All-Volunteer Force, which presented its recommendations to end the draft on February 21, 1970. From 1976 to 1977 he served, with the rank of ambassador, as chief of the United States Liaison Office in the People's Republic of China.Gates served as a Trustee of the University of Pennsylvania, from 1948 to 1983 and received an honorary degree of an LL.D. from Penn, his alma mater, in 1956. He was also a member of the Board of Trustees of the College of the Atlantic during the periods 1972–1976 and 1978–1983. The community center at College of the Atlantic is named in his honor.Gates died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on March 25, 1983.The "Ticonderoga"-class guided missile cruiser USS "Thomas S. Gates" (CG-51) is named after the late Secretary of Defense. It is the only such cruiser named after a person.
|
[
"United States Secretary of the Navy",
"Under Secretary of the Navy",
"United States Deputy Secretary of Defense",
"United States Ambassador to China"
] |
|
Which position did Thomas S. Gates, Jr. hold in Apr, 1977?
|
April 16, 1977
|
{
"text": [
"United States Ambassador to China"
]
}
|
L2_Q1361114_P39_4
|
Thomas S. Gates, Jr. holds the position of United States Deputy Secretary of Defense from Jun, 1959 to Dec, 1959.
Thomas S. Gates, Jr. holds the position of United States Secretary of Defense from Dec, 1959 to Jan, 1961.
Thomas S. Gates, Jr. holds the position of Under Secretary of the Navy from Oct, 1953 to Apr, 1957.
Thomas S. Gates, Jr. holds the position of United States Ambassador to China from Apr, 1976 to May, 1977.
Thomas S. Gates, Jr. holds the position of United States Secretary of the Navy from Apr, 1957 to Jun, 1959.
|
Thomas S. Gates Jr.Thomas Sovereign Gates Jr. (April 10, 1906March 25, 1983) was an American politician and diplomat who served as Secretary of Defense from 1959 to 1961 and Secretary of the Navy from 1957 to 1959, both under President Dwight D. Eisenhower. During his tenure as Secretary of Defense, he established a task force to set nuclear target priorities. He also authorized U-2 reconnaissance flights, including the flight of Francis Gary Powers.Later in his career, he served as the Chief of the U.S. Liaison Office in Beijing, appointed by President Gerald Ford.Born in Germantown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Gates was the son of Thomas S. Gates Sr., an investment banker and lawyer who was president of the University of Pennsylvania from 1930 to 1944, and his wife, Marie ("née" Rogers) Gates. Gates graduated from Chestnut Hill Academy, an all-male private preparatory school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1924. He was then accepted into the University of Pennsylvania, where his father was serving on the university's board of trustees. At Penn, Gates managed the Penn Quakers football team and was a member of the school's basketball team, where in March 1928, he was arrested along with 16 other students with charges of inciting a riot after Penn defeated Princeton to become Intercollegiate League champions. A member of Zeta Psi fraternity, and the Phi Beta Kappa Society, Gates graduated with his Bachelor of Arts in English in 1928.Gates married the former Millicent Anne Brengle on September 29, 1928. They had one son and three daughters. After graduating, he joined his father's Philadelphia-based investment banking firm, Drexel and Company. In the early to mid-1930s he worked as a bond salesman at Drexel, and later moved to New York City for two years where he was an apprentice for J.P. Morgan & Company. Gates became a full partner at Drexel and Company in 1940.During World War II he served in the Navy, rose to the rank of lieutenant commander, and participated in campaigns in the Pacific and Mediterranean areas. He was released from active duty in October 1945.President Eisenhower appointed Gates Under Secretary of the Navy in October 1953 and Secretary on 1 April 1957, positions in which he earned the president's approval. It was a foregone conclusion when Gates became Defense Secretary Neil McElroy's deputy on 8 June 1959 that he would succeed him. He entered office with an impressive background of active military experience and more than six years in the Department of Defense.As a top-level DoD official since 1953, Gates was familiar with the 1953 and 1958 Defense Department reorganizations. Believing that the Secretary of Defense had all the authority he needed and that time should be allowed for evaluation of the long range effects of the 1958 amendments, he discouraged efforts to further revamp the department. As a former Secretary of the Navy who had observed the gradual downgrading of service secretary positions, he felt that the service secretaries should play a more important role, and he encouraged them to do so.Gates cultivated a good working relationship with the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Less than a month after becoming secretary, he reminded the chiefs of their responsibility to apprise him of disputes and proposed to meet with them in order to expedite settlement or bring the issue to the president's attention for final resolution. Soon Gates and the JCS met on a regular basis, not just in instances when the Chiefs disagreed. Congressional and other sources applauded Gates for taking the initiative in improving both the JCS organization and the secretary's relations with it.Another important Gates initiative was the creation in August 1960 of the Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff (JSTPS). Previously, inadequate coordination of targeting plans between the Strategic Air Command and the Navy led to redundancy and disputed priorities. These differences became especially significant with the advent of the Navy's sea-based Polaris ballistic missiles. Acting on a proposal by SAC Commander in Chief General Thomas S. Power that SAC control strategic weapons targeting, Gates set up the JSTPS. The SAC commander, supported by an integrated joint staff, assumed separate duties as director of strategic target planning, to be, as Gates indicated, "the planning agent for the Joint Chiefs of Staff in developing and keeping up to date the detailed plans which are necessary."When Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Arleigh A. Burke objected to the new arrangement, Gates encouraged him to argue his case with President Eisenhower, who ultimately upheld Gates's decision. Thereafter Burke supported the JSTPS and assigned to it highly qualified naval officers.By December 1960 the JSTPS had prepared the first Single Integrated Operational Plan (SIOP), which specified for various attack options the timing, weapons, delivery systems, and targets to be used by U.S. strategic forces.Gates devoted more time than his predecessors Charles E. Wilson and Neil H. McElroy to the development of basic defense policy, a sphere in which the president remained dominant. While he instituted no radical departure from the New Look approach, the changing nature of nuclear weapons and delivery systems, the related assumed need for continental defense systems, and the pressing question of how to respond to local or "limited" wars, dictated a gradual shift in defense policy.As Gates pointed out at a congressional hearing in January 1960, the two principal U.S. defense objectives were "to deter the outbreak of general war by maintaining and improving our present capability to retaliate with devastating effectiveness in case of a major attack upon us or our allies" and "to maintain, together with our allies, a capability to apply to local situations the degree of force necessary to deter local wars, or to win or contain them promptly if they do break out."Gates saw no clear distinction between general war and limited war forces. As he put it, "All forces are a deterrent to and would be employed in a general war. Most of our forces could be employed in a limited war, if required." He noted as an example that aircraft carriers "are probably the country's best limited war capability initially because they are deployed in the world's trouble zones and they have on-the-spot ability to react"; yet, he added, they could contribute to the strategic offensive forces during general war.During Gates's tenure, two missile elements—the ICBM and the submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) -- joined the manned bomber to form a "triad" of strategic nuclear delivery systems. Also during this period, there occurred movement toward greater emphasis on counterforce targeting a potential enemy's military installations and forces. Not only was the United States developing or beginning to deploy a variety of missile systems during this period-Atlas, Titan, Minuteman, and Polaris-but so was the Soviet Union.The USSR's emphasis on the land-based ICBM rather than the manned bomber as its primary strategic delivery system presaged a threat of such magnitude to the United States that, together with the Sputnik shock, it forced an acceleration in the pace of U.S. missile development.Gates, like McElroy, had to contend with the "missile gap" controversy. He regarded it as a false issue, based on the failure of missile gap believers to distinguish between space and military programs. When the U.S. long-range ballistic missile program began in the early 1950s, Gates observed, the development of small, lightweight nuclear warheads by American scientists made it possible for smaller ballistic missiles to carry them.The Russians, on the other hand, concentrated on very large boosters that they used to launch space satellites earlier than the United States. Gates told a House committee, "We are not behind the Russians in our military effort overall . . . . It is one thing to admit you are behind in the ability to put big payloads in space for which we have at the moment no military requirement, and another thing to admit that we are behind in our total military posture."Gates conceded that the Soviets might have more strategic missiles than the United States for a few years, perhaps peaking in 1962, but he denied that there was a real missile or deterrent gap; the Soviets would not "gain a strategic posture which might tempt them to initiate a surprise attack." Gates based his thinking in part on a debatable approach to intelligence estimates, which took account of Soviet intentions as well as capabilities, leading to the conclusion that the disparity between the number of Soviet and U.S. missiles by 1962 or 1963 would not be as great as estimated during the McElroy period.Like all of his predecessors, Gates supported U.S. participation in collective security pacts and military assistance programs. He identified NATO as the nucleus of the U.S. "forward strategy." As he put it, "Should we ever abandon our forward strategy in favor of the so-called 'Fortress America' concept, we would retreat forever." He urged Congress to continue adequate funding for military assistance, which had brought very high returns for the money spent.Perhaps the most spectacular event of Gates's administration occurred on 1 May 1960 when the Soviet Union shot down over its territory a Lockheed U-2 reconnaissance aircraft piloted by Francis Gary Powers. When Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced the incident four days later and accused the United States of spying, the Eisenhower administration initially suggested that the plane might have strayed into Soviet airspace.On the recommendation of representatives from the State and Defense departments, including Gates, President Eisenhower later admitted that the U-2 was on an intelligence-gathering mission (actually under CIA control) and assumed responsibility for the flight. In mid-May Gates accompanied Eisenhower to Paris for a summit meeting that had been scheduled prior to the U-2 affair. There Khrushchev demanded termination of all U.S. flights over the Soviet Union, an apology, and punishment of those responsible.Eisenhower indicated that the flights would not be resumed but rejected the other demands, whereupon Khrushchev refused to proceed with the summit meeting. Gates suggested later that the Russian leader used the U-2 crisis to abort a meeting that he had determined in advance would not result in gains for the Soviet Union.On the eve of the summit conference, Gates ordered a worldwide alert of U.S. military communications facilities a decision criticized by some as provocative. Stoutly defending his action, Gates later explained that he decided, with the concurrence of Eisenhower and Secretary of State Christian A. Herter, to call the alert when he became aware of the belligerent position Khrushchev intended to take when the summit convened the next day. "Under the circumstances," Gates said, "it seemed most prudent to me to increase the awareness of our unified commanders. Moreover, since the command and individuals concerned in the decision process, including the President, the Secretary of State, and myself, were overseas, it was important to check out our military communications."Although Gates adhered to the usual budget posture and strategy of the Eisenhower administration, there was 8.2 percent real growth in DoD's fiscal year 1961 budget after Congress completed its work. Total obligational authority amounted to $44.6 billion, almost $4.4 billion over the previous year. The bulk of the increase went to the Navy and the Air Force. Gates pressed for an appropriation of $2 billion for military assistance, most of which Congress provided. To criticism of the Eisenhower administration's continuing efforts to hold down the DoD budget, Gates replied that the department was spending enough money to meet the nation's vital security needs.In a lengthy statement entitled "Department of Defense, 1953-1960," prepared at the close of Gates's tenure, the Department of Defense summarized its accomplishments during the Eisenhower years, concluding that "today our armed forces have the greatest striking power in our history, many times greater than in 1953."Among other accomplishments, it cited development of medium- and long-range bombers (including the B-52s put into service during the 1950s) and ICBMs; installation of a continental defense system the Distant Early Warning Line (DEW) Line, the Ballistic Missile Early Warning System (BMEWS), and Nike surface-to-air missile systems; production of several nuclear submarines, beginning with the Nautilus in 1954, and "Forrestal"-type carriers; and creation of the Defense Communications Agency.Gates retired from office on 20 January 1961. There were those who regarded him as the first of a new breed of secretaries of defense who would take a more active management approach evidenced by his regular meetings with the JCS and establishment of the Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff. Gates, of course, had the advantages of long prior service in DoD and the expanded authority of the office resulting from the 1953 and 1958 reorganizations.Although President Eisenhower continued to be, as during the Wilson and McElroy periods, the chief author of defense policy and the ultimate decision-maker, Gates appeared to operate with more authority and independence than his immediate predecessors, especially in areas such as strategic policy and planning.After John F. Kennedy's election to the presidency in 1960, the press speculated that he might include a Republican in his cabinet and that Gates would be high on the list of possible appointees.On January 18, 1961, Gates was presented with the Medal of Freedom by President Dwight D. Eisenhower. After he left at The Pentagon, Gates joined Morgan and Company in New York, later the Morgan Guaranty Trust Company, which eventually became the J.P Morgan Bank, becoming president in 1962 and chairman and chief executive officer in 1965. President Richard M. Nixon appointed him chairman of the Advisory Commission on an All-Volunteer Force, which presented its recommendations to end the draft on February 21, 1970. From 1976 to 1977 he served, with the rank of ambassador, as chief of the United States Liaison Office in the People's Republic of China.Gates served as a Trustee of the University of Pennsylvania, from 1948 to 1983 and received an honorary degree of an LL.D. from Penn, his alma mater, in 1956. He was also a member of the Board of Trustees of the College of the Atlantic during the periods 1972–1976 and 1978–1983. The community center at College of the Atlantic is named in his honor.Gates died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on March 25, 1983.The "Ticonderoga"-class guided missile cruiser USS "Thomas S. Gates" (CG-51) is named after the late Secretary of Defense. It is the only such cruiser named after a person.
|
[
"United States Secretary of the Navy",
"Under Secretary of the Navy",
"United States Deputy Secretary of Defense",
"United States Secretary of Defense"
] |
|
Where was Rolin Wavre educated in Oct, 1915?
|
October 16, 1915
|
{
"text": [
"University of Neuchâtel"
]
}
|
L2_Q2163937_P69_0
|
Rolin Wavre attended University of Geneva from Jan, 1918 to Jan, 1921.
Rolin Wavre attended University of Neuchâtel from Jan, 1914 to Jan, 1916.
Rolin Wavre attended University of Paris from Jan, 1916 to Jan, 1918.
|
Rolin WavreRolin-Louis Wavre (25 March 1896 in Neuchâtel – 9 December 1949 in Geneva) was a Swiss mathematician.Wavre studied at the Sorbonne and received his Ph.D. in 1921 from the University of Geneva, where he became a professor extraordinarius in 1922, and a professor ordinarius in 1934 (as successor to Charles Cailler). Wavre did research on, among other subjects, logic and the philosophy of mathematics, in which he was an adherent of Brouwer's intuitionism. Independently of, and almost simultaneously with, Leon Lichtenstein, he dealt with equilibrium figures of a heterogeneous fluid mass, with a view to applications to planetary systems in astrophysics.In 1932, in Zürich, he was a plenary speaker at the ICM with talk "L'aspect analytique du problème des figures planétaires". He was an invited speaker at the ICM in 1920 in Strasbourg, in 1928 in Bologna, and in 1936 in Oslo. For the two years 1936 and 1937, he was the president of the Swiss Mathematical Society.As an adolescent, Wavre attended Neuchâtel's gymnasium and was a close friend of Jean Piaget (who became a famous psychologist) and Gustave Juvet (who became a prominent mathematician).
|
[
"University of Paris",
"University of Geneva"
] |
|
Where was Rolin Wavre educated in May, 1917?
|
May 21, 1917
|
{
"text": [
"University of Paris"
]
}
|
L2_Q2163937_P69_1
|
Rolin Wavre attended University of Paris from Jan, 1916 to Jan, 1918.
Rolin Wavre attended University of Geneva from Jan, 1918 to Jan, 1921.
Rolin Wavre attended University of Neuchâtel from Jan, 1914 to Jan, 1916.
|
Rolin WavreRolin-Louis Wavre (25 March 1896 in Neuchâtel – 9 December 1949 in Geneva) was a Swiss mathematician.Wavre studied at the Sorbonne and received his Ph.D. in 1921 from the University of Geneva, where he became a professor extraordinarius in 1922, and a professor ordinarius in 1934 (as successor to Charles Cailler). Wavre did research on, among other subjects, logic and the philosophy of mathematics, in which he was an adherent of Brouwer's intuitionism. Independently of, and almost simultaneously with, Leon Lichtenstein, he dealt with equilibrium figures of a heterogeneous fluid mass, with a view to applications to planetary systems in astrophysics.In 1932, in Zürich, he was a plenary speaker at the ICM with talk "L'aspect analytique du problème des figures planétaires". He was an invited speaker at the ICM in 1920 in Strasbourg, in 1928 in Bologna, and in 1936 in Oslo. For the two years 1936 and 1937, he was the president of the Swiss Mathematical Society.As an adolescent, Wavre attended Neuchâtel's gymnasium and was a close friend of Jean Piaget (who became a famous psychologist) and Gustave Juvet (who became a prominent mathematician).
|
[
"University of Geneva",
"University of Neuchâtel"
] |
|
Where was Rolin Wavre educated in Nov, 1918?
|
November 18, 1918
|
{
"text": [
"University of Geneva"
]
}
|
L2_Q2163937_P69_2
|
Rolin Wavre attended University of Geneva from Jan, 1918 to Jan, 1921.
Rolin Wavre attended University of Neuchâtel from Jan, 1914 to Jan, 1916.
Rolin Wavre attended University of Paris from Jan, 1916 to Jan, 1918.
|
Rolin WavreRolin-Louis Wavre (25 March 1896 in Neuchâtel – 9 December 1949 in Geneva) was a Swiss mathematician.Wavre studied at the Sorbonne and received his Ph.D. in 1921 from the University of Geneva, where he became a professor extraordinarius in 1922, and a professor ordinarius in 1934 (as successor to Charles Cailler). Wavre did research on, among other subjects, logic and the philosophy of mathematics, in which he was an adherent of Brouwer's intuitionism. Independently of, and almost simultaneously with, Leon Lichtenstein, he dealt with equilibrium figures of a heterogeneous fluid mass, with a view to applications to planetary systems in astrophysics.In 1932, in Zürich, he was a plenary speaker at the ICM with talk "L'aspect analytique du problème des figures planétaires". He was an invited speaker at the ICM in 1920 in Strasbourg, in 1928 in Bologna, and in 1936 in Oslo. For the two years 1936 and 1937, he was the president of the Swiss Mathematical Society.As an adolescent, Wavre attended Neuchâtel's gymnasium and was a close friend of Jean Piaget (who became a famous psychologist) and Gustave Juvet (who became a prominent mathematician).
|
[
"University of Paris",
"University of Neuchâtel"
] |
|
Which team did Glenn Cronin play for in Sep, 2001?
|
September 09, 2001
|
{
"text": [
"Exeter City F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q3771972_P54_0
|
Glenn Cronin plays for Shelbourne F.C. from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2013.
Glenn Cronin plays for Chester City F.C. from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2007.
Glenn Cronin plays for Exeter City F.C. from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2006.
Glenn Cronin plays for Bohemian F.C. from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2011.
|
Glenn CroninGlenn Cronin (born 14 September 1981) is an Irish football coach and former player who is currently assistant coach at Shamrock Rovers in the League of Ireland Premier Division.A product of Irish junior club Cherry Orchard's well-regarded Youth Academy, Cronin made his debut in 2001, before going onto become a key part of Exeter's first team, playing in central midfield. Following the Grecians' relegation from the English Football League in 2003 he was made club captain, and despite injury problems that kept him out for much of the 2004/05 season.In July 2006, Cronin signed a contract with Football League Two club Chester City. He missed much of the 2006/07 season with a foot injury. After working his way to recovery, a further foot injury in July 2007 ultimately caused Chester to release him from his contract on 21 November 2007.Cronin signed for Bohemians on 27 February 2008 and slotted seamlessly into the side as Bohs marched to the 2008 Premier Division title. Cronin also added an FAI Cup winners medal as Bohs achieved the "Double" by beating Derry City on penalties after a 2–2 draw. The 2009 season was also a successful one for Cronin when, firstly, the Gypsies won the League of Ireland Cup by beating Waterford United 3–1 at the RSC. The success did not end there though as Bohemians won their first back-to-back titles in the club's 119-year history, beating rivals Shamrock Rovers by 4 points. Despite winning the Setanta Sports Cup, Bohemians had a disappointing 2010 season where the club lost their league title on goal difference and failed to make an impact in Europe where they made an embarrassing exit to Welsh side The New Saints. Cronin was one of the club's bright spots though as he had his best season at Bohs to date.Following financial cutbacks at Bohemians at the end of the 2011 season, Cronin departed Bohemians after four successful seasons to join newly promoted local rivals Shelbourne for the 2012 season.Cronin has represented the Republic of Ireland at youth and levels."Correct as of 26 October 2012."
|
[
"Shelbourne F.C.",
"Bohemian F.C.",
"Chester City F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Glenn Cronin play for in Jul, 2006?
|
July 26, 2006
|
{
"text": [
"Chester City F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q3771972_P54_1
|
Glenn Cronin plays for Chester City F.C. from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2007.
Glenn Cronin plays for Shelbourne F.C. from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2013.
Glenn Cronin plays for Bohemian F.C. from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2011.
Glenn Cronin plays for Exeter City F.C. from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2006.
|
Glenn CroninGlenn Cronin (born 14 September 1981) is an Irish football coach and former player who is currently assistant coach at Shamrock Rovers in the League of Ireland Premier Division.A product of Irish junior club Cherry Orchard's well-regarded Youth Academy, Cronin made his debut in 2001, before going onto become a key part of Exeter's first team, playing in central midfield. Following the Grecians' relegation from the English Football League in 2003 he was made club captain, and despite injury problems that kept him out for much of the 2004/05 season.In July 2006, Cronin signed a contract with Football League Two club Chester City. He missed much of the 2006/07 season with a foot injury. After working his way to recovery, a further foot injury in July 2007 ultimately caused Chester to release him from his contract on 21 November 2007.Cronin signed for Bohemians on 27 February 2008 and slotted seamlessly into the side as Bohs marched to the 2008 Premier Division title. Cronin also added an FAI Cup winners medal as Bohs achieved the "Double" by beating Derry City on penalties after a 2–2 draw. The 2009 season was also a successful one for Cronin when, firstly, the Gypsies won the League of Ireland Cup by beating Waterford United 3–1 at the RSC. The success did not end there though as Bohemians won their first back-to-back titles in the club's 119-year history, beating rivals Shamrock Rovers by 4 points. Despite winning the Setanta Sports Cup, Bohemians had a disappointing 2010 season where the club lost their league title on goal difference and failed to make an impact in Europe where they made an embarrassing exit to Welsh side The New Saints. Cronin was one of the club's bright spots though as he had his best season at Bohs to date.Following financial cutbacks at Bohemians at the end of the 2011 season, Cronin departed Bohemians after four successful seasons to join newly promoted local rivals Shelbourne for the 2012 season.Cronin has represented the Republic of Ireland at youth and levels."Correct as of 26 October 2012."
|
[
"Shelbourne F.C.",
"Exeter City F.C.",
"Bohemian F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Glenn Cronin play for in Feb, 2008?
|
February 23, 2008
|
{
"text": [
"Bohemian F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q3771972_P54_2
|
Glenn Cronin plays for Bohemian F.C. from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2011.
Glenn Cronin plays for Shelbourne F.C. from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2013.
Glenn Cronin plays for Exeter City F.C. from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2006.
Glenn Cronin plays for Chester City F.C. from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2007.
|
Glenn CroninGlenn Cronin (born 14 September 1981) is an Irish football coach and former player who is currently assistant coach at Shamrock Rovers in the League of Ireland Premier Division.A product of Irish junior club Cherry Orchard's well-regarded Youth Academy, Cronin made his debut in 2001, before going onto become a key part of Exeter's first team, playing in central midfield. Following the Grecians' relegation from the English Football League in 2003 he was made club captain, and despite injury problems that kept him out for much of the 2004/05 season.In July 2006, Cronin signed a contract with Football League Two club Chester City. He missed much of the 2006/07 season with a foot injury. After working his way to recovery, a further foot injury in July 2007 ultimately caused Chester to release him from his contract on 21 November 2007.Cronin signed for Bohemians on 27 February 2008 and slotted seamlessly into the side as Bohs marched to the 2008 Premier Division title. Cronin also added an FAI Cup winners medal as Bohs achieved the "Double" by beating Derry City on penalties after a 2–2 draw. The 2009 season was also a successful one for Cronin when, firstly, the Gypsies won the League of Ireland Cup by beating Waterford United 3–1 at the RSC. The success did not end there though as Bohemians won their first back-to-back titles in the club's 119-year history, beating rivals Shamrock Rovers by 4 points. Despite winning the Setanta Sports Cup, Bohemians had a disappointing 2010 season where the club lost their league title on goal difference and failed to make an impact in Europe where they made an embarrassing exit to Welsh side The New Saints. Cronin was one of the club's bright spots though as he had his best season at Bohs to date.Following financial cutbacks at Bohemians at the end of the 2011 season, Cronin departed Bohemians after four successful seasons to join newly promoted local rivals Shelbourne for the 2012 season.Cronin has represented the Republic of Ireland at youth and levels."Correct as of 26 October 2012."
|
[
"Shelbourne F.C.",
"Exeter City F.C.",
"Chester City F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Glenn Cronin play for in Jun, 2012?
|
June 05, 2012
|
{
"text": [
"Shelbourne F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q3771972_P54_3
|
Glenn Cronin plays for Shelbourne F.C. from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2013.
Glenn Cronin plays for Chester City F.C. from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2007.
Glenn Cronin plays for Exeter City F.C. from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2006.
Glenn Cronin plays for Bohemian F.C. from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2011.
|
Glenn CroninGlenn Cronin (born 14 September 1981) is an Irish football coach and former player who is currently assistant coach at Shamrock Rovers in the League of Ireland Premier Division.A product of Irish junior club Cherry Orchard's well-regarded Youth Academy, Cronin made his debut in 2001, before going onto become a key part of Exeter's first team, playing in central midfield. Following the Grecians' relegation from the English Football League in 2003 he was made club captain, and despite injury problems that kept him out for much of the 2004/05 season.In July 2006, Cronin signed a contract with Football League Two club Chester City. He missed much of the 2006/07 season with a foot injury. After working his way to recovery, a further foot injury in July 2007 ultimately caused Chester to release him from his contract on 21 November 2007.Cronin signed for Bohemians on 27 February 2008 and slotted seamlessly into the side as Bohs marched to the 2008 Premier Division title. Cronin also added an FAI Cup winners medal as Bohs achieved the "Double" by beating Derry City on penalties after a 2–2 draw. The 2009 season was also a successful one for Cronin when, firstly, the Gypsies won the League of Ireland Cup by beating Waterford United 3–1 at the RSC. The success did not end there though as Bohemians won their first back-to-back titles in the club's 119-year history, beating rivals Shamrock Rovers by 4 points. Despite winning the Setanta Sports Cup, Bohemians had a disappointing 2010 season where the club lost their league title on goal difference and failed to make an impact in Europe where they made an embarrassing exit to Welsh side The New Saints. Cronin was one of the club's bright spots though as he had his best season at Bohs to date.Following financial cutbacks at Bohemians at the end of the 2011 season, Cronin departed Bohemians after four successful seasons to join newly promoted local rivals Shelbourne for the 2012 season.Cronin has represented the Republic of Ireland at youth and levels."Correct as of 26 October 2012."
|
[
"Bohemian F.C.",
"Exeter City F.C.",
"Chester City F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Jero Miñarro play for in Aug, 1993?
|
August 26, 1993
|
{
"text": [
"Spain national under-16 football team"
]
}
|
L2_Q6182445_P54_0
|
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Lumbreras from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2009.
Jero Miñarro plays for Valencia CF Mestalla from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1998.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-16 football team from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1994.
Jero Miñarro plays for Lorca Deportiva CF from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Jero Miñarro plays for Calasparra FC from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2007.
Jero Miñarro plays for Granada CF from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2005.
Jero Miñarro plays for Sangonera Atlético CF from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Jero Miñarro plays for Panachaiki F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-18 football team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Jero Miñarro plays for Rayo Vallecano from Jan, 1998 to Jan, 1999.
Jero Miñarro plays for Zamora CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2002.
Jero Miñarro plays for Unión Deportiva Almería from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for UD San Sebastián de los Reyes from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2008.
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Burriana from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2006.
Jero Miñarro plays for Burgos CF from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for Torredonjimeno CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for Ciudad de Lorca CF from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2007.
Jero Miñarro plays for Getafe CF from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-20 football team from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1997.
|
Jero MiñarroJerónimo "Jero" Miñarro Navarro (born 19 September 1977) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a central defender.Born in Lorca, Region of Murcia, Jero began his senior career with Valencia CF's reserves at the age of 19, never appearing officially for the first team. Subsequently, he moved to Segunda División and joined Rayo Vallecano, only playing twice during the season as the Madrid club promoted to La Liga.In July 1999, Jero joined Superleague Greece side Panachaiki FC, being first-choice during the campaign and scoring three goals as they narrowly avoided relegation. He returned to his country afterwards, appearing in only 19 second division games over the course of three seasons combined and being relegated with two of the three teams he represented in that level, Getafe CF and Burgos CF.Jero's last appearance in the second tier would be in 2002–03 with UD Almería (no games played). Until his retirement in June 2010 at nearly 33, he played exclusively in the lower leagues, captaining Lorca Deportiva CF in his final year. Subsequently, he joined the technical staff of Segunda División B's AD Cerro de Reyes.Jero played for Spain at various youth levels. He participated with the under-20s at the 1997 FIFA World Youth Championship in Malaysia, featuring in one match for the eventual quarter-finalists.
|
[
"Lorca Deportiva CF",
"Getafe CF",
"Rayo Vallecano",
"Unión Deportiva Almería",
"Granada CF",
"Spain national under-18 football team",
"Panachaiki F.C.",
"Valencia CF Mestalla",
"Zamora CF",
"Ciudad de Lorca CF",
"Sangonera Atlético CF",
"Torredonjimeno CF",
"Calasparra FC",
"UD San Sebastián de los Reyes",
"CD Burriana",
"Burgos CF",
"Spain national under-20 football team",
"CD Lumbreras"
] |
|
Which team did Jero Miñarro play for in Oct, 1995?
|
October 15, 1995
|
{
"text": [
"Spain national under-18 football team"
]
}
|
L2_Q6182445_P54_1
|
Jero Miñarro plays for Panachaiki F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
Jero Miñarro plays for Torredonjimeno CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for Valencia CF Mestalla from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1998.
Jero Miñarro plays for UD San Sebastián de los Reyes from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2008.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-20 football team from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1997.
Jero Miñarro plays for Burgos CF from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Burriana from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2006.
Jero Miñarro plays for Unión Deportiva Almería from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for Sangonera Atlético CF from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Jero Miñarro plays for Lorca Deportiva CF from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Jero Miñarro plays for Getafe CF from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for Ciudad de Lorca CF from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2007.
Jero Miñarro plays for Calasparra FC from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2007.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-18 football team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-16 football team from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1994.
Jero Miñarro plays for Rayo Vallecano from Jan, 1998 to Jan, 1999.
Jero Miñarro plays for Granada CF from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2005.
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Lumbreras from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2009.
Jero Miñarro plays for Zamora CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2002.
|
Jero MiñarroJerónimo "Jero" Miñarro Navarro (born 19 September 1977) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a central defender.Born in Lorca, Region of Murcia, Jero began his senior career with Valencia CF's reserves at the age of 19, never appearing officially for the first team. Subsequently, he moved to Segunda División and joined Rayo Vallecano, only playing twice during the season as the Madrid club promoted to La Liga.In July 1999, Jero joined Superleague Greece side Panachaiki FC, being first-choice during the campaign and scoring three goals as they narrowly avoided relegation. He returned to his country afterwards, appearing in only 19 second division games over the course of three seasons combined and being relegated with two of the three teams he represented in that level, Getafe CF and Burgos CF.Jero's last appearance in the second tier would be in 2002–03 with UD Almería (no games played). Until his retirement in June 2010 at nearly 33, he played exclusively in the lower leagues, captaining Lorca Deportiva CF in his final year. Subsequently, he joined the technical staff of Segunda División B's AD Cerro de Reyes.Jero played for Spain at various youth levels. He participated with the under-20s at the 1997 FIFA World Youth Championship in Malaysia, featuring in one match for the eventual quarter-finalists.
|
[
"Lorca Deportiva CF",
"Getafe CF",
"Rayo Vallecano",
"Unión Deportiva Almería",
"Granada CF",
"Spain national under-16 football team",
"Panachaiki F.C.",
"Valencia CF Mestalla",
"Zamora CF",
"Ciudad de Lorca CF",
"Sangonera Atlético CF",
"Torredonjimeno CF",
"Calasparra FC",
"UD San Sebastián de los Reyes",
"CD Burriana",
"Burgos CF",
"Spain national under-20 football team",
"CD Lumbreras"
] |
|
Which team did Jero Miñarro play for in Jan, 1997?
|
January 06, 1997
|
{
"text": [
"Valencia CF Mestalla",
"Spain national under-20 football team"
]
}
|
L2_Q6182445_P54_2
|
Jero Miñarro plays for Panachaiki F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
Jero Miñarro plays for Calasparra FC from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2007.
Jero Miñarro plays for Sangonera Atlético CF from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Jero Miñarro plays for Unión Deportiva Almería from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Lumbreras from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2009.
Jero Miñarro plays for Torredonjimeno CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for Valencia CF Mestalla from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1998.
Jero Miñarro plays for Burgos CF from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for Lorca Deportiva CF from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Jero Miñarro plays for Granada CF from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2005.
Jero Miñarro plays for Ciudad de Lorca CF from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2007.
Jero Miñarro plays for Getafe CF from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Burriana from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2006.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-16 football team from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1994.
Jero Miñarro plays for Rayo Vallecano from Jan, 1998 to Jan, 1999.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-18 football team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Jero Miñarro plays for Zamora CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2002.
Jero Miñarro plays for UD San Sebastián de los Reyes from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2008.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-20 football team from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1997.
|
Jero MiñarroJerónimo "Jero" Miñarro Navarro (born 19 September 1977) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a central defender.Born in Lorca, Region of Murcia, Jero began his senior career with Valencia CF's reserves at the age of 19, never appearing officially for the first team. Subsequently, he moved to Segunda División and joined Rayo Vallecano, only playing twice during the season as the Madrid club promoted to La Liga.In July 1999, Jero joined Superleague Greece side Panachaiki FC, being first-choice during the campaign and scoring three goals as they narrowly avoided relegation. He returned to his country afterwards, appearing in only 19 second division games over the course of three seasons combined and being relegated with two of the three teams he represented in that level, Getafe CF and Burgos CF.Jero's last appearance in the second tier would be in 2002–03 with UD Almería (no games played). Until his retirement in June 2010 at nearly 33, he played exclusively in the lower leagues, captaining Lorca Deportiva CF in his final year. Subsequently, he joined the technical staff of Segunda División B's AD Cerro de Reyes.Jero played for Spain at various youth levels. He participated with the under-20s at the 1997 FIFA World Youth Championship in Malaysia, featuring in one match for the eventual quarter-finalists.
|
[
"Lorca Deportiva CF",
"Getafe CF",
"Rayo Vallecano",
"Unión Deportiva Almería",
"Granada CF",
"Spain national under-16 football team",
"Spain national under-18 football team",
"Panachaiki F.C.",
"Zamora CF",
"Ciudad de Lorca CF",
"Sangonera Atlético CF",
"Torredonjimeno CF",
"Calasparra FC",
"UD San Sebastián de los Reyes",
"CD Burriana",
"Burgos CF",
"CD Lumbreras"
] |
|
Which team did Jero Miñarro play for in Jan, 1997?
|
January 01, 1997
|
{
"text": [
"Spain national under-20 football team",
"Valencia CF Mestalla"
]
}
|
L2_Q6182445_P54_3
|
Jero Miñarro plays for Sangonera Atlético CF from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Jero Miñarro plays for UD San Sebastián de los Reyes from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2008.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-20 football team from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1997.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-16 football team from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1994.
Jero Miñarro plays for Calasparra FC from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2007.
Jero Miñarro plays for Valencia CF Mestalla from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1998.
Jero Miñarro plays for Ciudad de Lorca CF from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2007.
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Lumbreras from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2009.
Jero Miñarro plays for Unión Deportiva Almería from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Burriana from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2006.
Jero Miñarro plays for Torredonjimeno CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for Burgos CF from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for Zamora CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2002.
Jero Miñarro plays for Panachaiki F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
Jero Miñarro plays for Getafe CF from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for Lorca Deportiva CF from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-18 football team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Jero Miñarro plays for Granada CF from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2005.
Jero Miñarro plays for Rayo Vallecano from Jan, 1998 to Jan, 1999.
|
Jero MiñarroJerónimo "Jero" Miñarro Navarro (born 19 September 1977) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a central defender.Born in Lorca, Region of Murcia, Jero began his senior career with Valencia CF's reserves at the age of 19, never appearing officially for the first team. Subsequently, he moved to Segunda División and joined Rayo Vallecano, only playing twice during the season as the Madrid club promoted to La Liga.In July 1999, Jero joined Superleague Greece side Panachaiki FC, being first-choice during the campaign and scoring three goals as they narrowly avoided relegation. He returned to his country afterwards, appearing in only 19 second division games over the course of three seasons combined and being relegated with two of the three teams he represented in that level, Getafe CF and Burgos CF.Jero's last appearance in the second tier would be in 2002–03 with UD Almería (no games played). Until his retirement in June 2010 at nearly 33, he played exclusively in the lower leagues, captaining Lorca Deportiva CF in his final year. Subsequently, he joined the technical staff of Segunda División B's AD Cerro de Reyes.Jero played for Spain at various youth levels. He participated with the under-20s at the 1997 FIFA World Youth Championship in Malaysia, featuring in one match for the eventual quarter-finalists.
|
[
"Lorca Deportiva CF",
"Getafe CF",
"Rayo Vallecano",
"Unión Deportiva Almería",
"Granada CF",
"Spain national under-16 football team",
"Spain national under-18 football team",
"Panachaiki F.C.",
"Zamora CF",
"Ciudad de Lorca CF",
"Sangonera Atlético CF",
"Torredonjimeno CF",
"Calasparra FC",
"UD San Sebastián de los Reyes",
"CD Burriana",
"Burgos CF",
"CD Lumbreras"
] |
|
Which team did Jero Miñarro play for in Oct, 1998?
|
October 11, 1998
|
{
"text": [
"Rayo Vallecano"
]
}
|
L2_Q6182445_P54_4
|
Jero Miñarro plays for Unión Deportiva Almería from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for Sangonera Atlético CF from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Burriana from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2006.
Jero Miñarro plays for Valencia CF Mestalla from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1998.
Jero Miñarro plays for Zamora CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2002.
Jero Miñarro plays for Panachaiki F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-20 football team from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1997.
Jero Miñarro plays for Ciudad de Lorca CF from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2007.
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Lumbreras from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2009.
Jero Miñarro plays for Burgos CF from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for Granada CF from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2005.
Jero Miñarro plays for UD San Sebastián de los Reyes from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2008.
Jero Miñarro plays for Calasparra FC from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2007.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-18 football team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Jero Miñarro plays for Lorca Deportiva CF from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Jero Miñarro plays for Getafe CF from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for Torredonjimeno CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-16 football team from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1994.
Jero Miñarro plays for Rayo Vallecano from Jan, 1998 to Jan, 1999.
|
Jero MiñarroJerónimo "Jero" Miñarro Navarro (born 19 September 1977) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a central defender.Born in Lorca, Region of Murcia, Jero began his senior career with Valencia CF's reserves at the age of 19, never appearing officially for the first team. Subsequently, he moved to Segunda División and joined Rayo Vallecano, only playing twice during the season as the Madrid club promoted to La Liga.In July 1999, Jero joined Superleague Greece side Panachaiki FC, being first-choice during the campaign and scoring three goals as they narrowly avoided relegation. He returned to his country afterwards, appearing in only 19 second division games over the course of three seasons combined and being relegated with two of the three teams he represented in that level, Getafe CF and Burgos CF.Jero's last appearance in the second tier would be in 2002–03 with UD Almería (no games played). Until his retirement in June 2010 at nearly 33, he played exclusively in the lower leagues, captaining Lorca Deportiva CF in his final year. Subsequently, he joined the technical staff of Segunda División B's AD Cerro de Reyes.Jero played for Spain at various youth levels. He participated with the under-20s at the 1997 FIFA World Youth Championship in Malaysia, featuring in one match for the eventual quarter-finalists.
|
[
"Lorca Deportiva CF",
"Getafe CF",
"Unión Deportiva Almería",
"Granada CF",
"Spain national under-16 football team",
"Spain national under-18 football team",
"Panachaiki F.C.",
"Valencia CF Mestalla",
"Zamora CF",
"Ciudad de Lorca CF",
"Sangonera Atlético CF",
"Torredonjimeno CF",
"Calasparra FC",
"UD San Sebastián de los Reyes",
"CD Burriana",
"Burgos CF",
"Spain national under-20 football team",
"CD Lumbreras"
] |
|
Which team did Jero Miñarro play for in Oct, 1999?
|
October 27, 1999
|
{
"text": [
"Panachaiki F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q6182445_P54_5
|
Jero Miñarro plays for UD San Sebastián de los Reyes from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2008.
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Burriana from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2006.
Jero Miñarro plays for Torredonjimeno CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for Unión Deportiva Almería from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for Ciudad de Lorca CF from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2007.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-18 football team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Jero Miñarro plays for Lorca Deportiva CF from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Jero Miñarro plays for Zamora CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2002.
Jero Miñarro plays for Valencia CF Mestalla from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1998.
Jero Miñarro plays for Sangonera Atlético CF from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Lumbreras from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2009.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-20 football team from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1997.
Jero Miñarro plays for Rayo Vallecano from Jan, 1998 to Jan, 1999.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-16 football team from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1994.
Jero Miñarro plays for Getafe CF from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for Granada CF from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2005.
Jero Miñarro plays for Burgos CF from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for Calasparra FC from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2007.
Jero Miñarro plays for Panachaiki F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
|
Jero MiñarroJerónimo "Jero" Miñarro Navarro (born 19 September 1977) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a central defender.Born in Lorca, Region of Murcia, Jero began his senior career with Valencia CF's reserves at the age of 19, never appearing officially for the first team. Subsequently, he moved to Segunda División and joined Rayo Vallecano, only playing twice during the season as the Madrid club promoted to La Liga.In July 1999, Jero joined Superleague Greece side Panachaiki FC, being first-choice during the campaign and scoring three goals as they narrowly avoided relegation. He returned to his country afterwards, appearing in only 19 second division games over the course of three seasons combined and being relegated with two of the three teams he represented in that level, Getafe CF and Burgos CF.Jero's last appearance in the second tier would be in 2002–03 with UD Almería (no games played). Until his retirement in June 2010 at nearly 33, he played exclusively in the lower leagues, captaining Lorca Deportiva CF in his final year. Subsequently, he joined the technical staff of Segunda División B's AD Cerro de Reyes.Jero played for Spain at various youth levels. He participated with the under-20s at the 1997 FIFA World Youth Championship in Malaysia, featuring in one match for the eventual quarter-finalists.
|
[
"Lorca Deportiva CF",
"Getafe CF",
"Rayo Vallecano",
"Unión Deportiva Almería",
"Granada CF",
"Spain national under-16 football team",
"Spain national under-18 football team",
"Valencia CF Mestalla",
"Zamora CF",
"Ciudad de Lorca CF",
"Sangonera Atlético CF",
"Torredonjimeno CF",
"Calasparra FC",
"UD San Sebastián de los Reyes",
"CD Burriana",
"Burgos CF",
"Spain national under-20 football team",
"CD Lumbreras"
] |
|
Which team did Jero Miñarro play for in Aug, 2000?
|
August 06, 2000
|
{
"text": [
"Getafe CF"
]
}
|
L2_Q6182445_P54_6
|
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-18 football team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Jero Miñarro plays for Calasparra FC from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2007.
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Lumbreras from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2009.
Jero Miñarro plays for Granada CF from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2005.
Jero Miñarro plays for Ciudad de Lorca CF from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2007.
Jero Miñarro plays for Zamora CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2002.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-16 football team from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1994.
Jero Miñarro plays for Getafe CF from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for Burgos CF from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-20 football team from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1997.
Jero Miñarro plays for Sangonera Atlético CF from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Jero Miñarro plays for Lorca Deportiva CF from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Burriana from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2006.
Jero Miñarro plays for Valencia CF Mestalla from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1998.
Jero Miñarro plays for Rayo Vallecano from Jan, 1998 to Jan, 1999.
Jero Miñarro plays for Unión Deportiva Almería from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for Torredonjimeno CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for UD San Sebastián de los Reyes from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2008.
Jero Miñarro plays for Panachaiki F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
|
Jero MiñarroJerónimo "Jero" Miñarro Navarro (born 19 September 1977) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a central defender.Born in Lorca, Region of Murcia, Jero began his senior career with Valencia CF's reserves at the age of 19, never appearing officially for the first team. Subsequently, he moved to Segunda División and joined Rayo Vallecano, only playing twice during the season as the Madrid club promoted to La Liga.In July 1999, Jero joined Superleague Greece side Panachaiki FC, being first-choice during the campaign and scoring three goals as they narrowly avoided relegation. He returned to his country afterwards, appearing in only 19 second division games over the course of three seasons combined and being relegated with two of the three teams he represented in that level, Getafe CF and Burgos CF.Jero's last appearance in the second tier would be in 2002–03 with UD Almería (no games played). Until his retirement in June 2010 at nearly 33, he played exclusively in the lower leagues, captaining Lorca Deportiva CF in his final year. Subsequently, he joined the technical staff of Segunda División B's AD Cerro de Reyes.Jero played for Spain at various youth levels. He participated with the under-20s at the 1997 FIFA World Youth Championship in Malaysia, featuring in one match for the eventual quarter-finalists.
|
[
"Lorca Deportiva CF",
"Rayo Vallecano",
"Unión Deportiva Almería",
"Granada CF",
"Spain national under-16 football team",
"Spain national under-18 football team",
"Panachaiki F.C.",
"Valencia CF Mestalla",
"Zamora CF",
"Ciudad de Lorca CF",
"Sangonera Atlético CF",
"Torredonjimeno CF",
"Calasparra FC",
"UD San Sebastián de los Reyes",
"CD Burriana",
"Burgos CF",
"Spain national under-20 football team",
"CD Lumbreras"
] |
|
Which team did Jero Miñarro play for in Jan, 2001?
|
January 01, 2001
|
{
"text": [
"Burgos CF",
"Getafe CF"
]
}
|
L2_Q6182445_P54_7
|
Jero Miñarro plays for Burgos CF from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for Lorca Deportiva CF from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-16 football team from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1994.
Jero Miñarro plays for Sangonera Atlético CF from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Jero Miñarro plays for Valencia CF Mestalla from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1998.
Jero Miñarro plays for Calasparra FC from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2007.
Jero Miñarro plays for Rayo Vallecano from Jan, 1998 to Jan, 1999.
Jero Miñarro plays for Zamora CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2002.
Jero Miñarro plays for Panachaiki F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
Jero Miñarro plays for Ciudad de Lorca CF from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2007.
Jero Miñarro plays for Granada CF from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2005.
Jero Miñarro plays for Torredonjimeno CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Lumbreras from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2009.
Jero Miñarro plays for Getafe CF from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-20 football team from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1997.
Jero Miñarro plays for Unión Deportiva Almería from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Burriana from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2006.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-18 football team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Jero Miñarro plays for UD San Sebastián de los Reyes from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2008.
|
Jero MiñarroJerónimo "Jero" Miñarro Navarro (born 19 September 1977) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a central defender.Born in Lorca, Region of Murcia, Jero began his senior career with Valencia CF's reserves at the age of 19, never appearing officially for the first team. Subsequently, he moved to Segunda División and joined Rayo Vallecano, only playing twice during the season as the Madrid club promoted to La Liga.In July 1999, Jero joined Superleague Greece side Panachaiki FC, being first-choice during the campaign and scoring three goals as they narrowly avoided relegation. He returned to his country afterwards, appearing in only 19 second division games over the course of three seasons combined and being relegated with two of the three teams he represented in that level, Getafe CF and Burgos CF.Jero's last appearance in the second tier would be in 2002–03 with UD Almería (no games played). Until his retirement in June 2010 at nearly 33, he played exclusively in the lower leagues, captaining Lorca Deportiva CF in his final year. Subsequently, he joined the technical staff of Segunda División B's AD Cerro de Reyes.Jero played for Spain at various youth levels. He participated with the under-20s at the 1997 FIFA World Youth Championship in Malaysia, featuring in one match for the eventual quarter-finalists.
|
[
"Lorca Deportiva CF",
"Rayo Vallecano",
"Unión Deportiva Almería",
"Granada CF",
"Spain national under-16 football team",
"Spain national under-18 football team",
"Panachaiki F.C.",
"Valencia CF Mestalla",
"Zamora CF",
"Ciudad de Lorca CF",
"Sangonera Atlético CF",
"Torredonjimeno CF",
"Calasparra FC",
"UD San Sebastián de los Reyes",
"CD Burriana",
"Spain national under-20 football team",
"CD Lumbreras",
"Lorca Deportiva CF",
"Rayo Vallecano",
"Unión Deportiva Almería",
"Granada CF",
"Spain national under-16 football team",
"Spain national under-18 football team",
"Panachaiki F.C.",
"Valencia CF Mestalla",
"Zamora CF",
"Ciudad de Lorca CF",
"Sangonera Atlético CF",
"Torredonjimeno CF",
"Calasparra FC",
"UD San Sebastián de los Reyes",
"CD Burriana",
"Spain national under-20 football team",
"CD Lumbreras"
] |
|
Which team did Jero Miñarro play for in Jan, 2002?
|
January 01, 2002
|
{
"text": [
"Torredonjimeno CF",
"Unión Deportiva Almería",
"Zamora CF"
]
}
|
L2_Q6182445_P54_8
|
Jero Miñarro plays for Granada CF from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2005.
Jero Miñarro plays for Sangonera Atlético CF from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Jero Miñarro plays for Valencia CF Mestalla from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1998.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-20 football team from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1997.
Jero Miñarro plays for UD San Sebastián de los Reyes from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2008.
Jero Miñarro plays for Burgos CF from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for Panachaiki F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Lumbreras from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2009.
Jero Miñarro plays for Unión Deportiva Almería from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for Ciudad de Lorca CF from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2007.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-18 football team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Jero Miñarro plays for Torredonjimeno CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for Getafe CF from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for Lorca Deportiva CF from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Jero Miñarro plays for Zamora CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2002.
Jero Miñarro plays for Rayo Vallecano from Jan, 1998 to Jan, 1999.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-16 football team from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1994.
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Burriana from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2006.
Jero Miñarro plays for Calasparra FC from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2007.
|
Jero MiñarroJerónimo "Jero" Miñarro Navarro (born 19 September 1977) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a central defender.Born in Lorca, Region of Murcia, Jero began his senior career with Valencia CF's reserves at the age of 19, never appearing officially for the first team. Subsequently, he moved to Segunda División and joined Rayo Vallecano, only playing twice during the season as the Madrid club promoted to La Liga.In July 1999, Jero joined Superleague Greece side Panachaiki FC, being first-choice during the campaign and scoring three goals as they narrowly avoided relegation. He returned to his country afterwards, appearing in only 19 second division games over the course of three seasons combined and being relegated with two of the three teams he represented in that level, Getafe CF and Burgos CF.Jero's last appearance in the second tier would be in 2002–03 with UD Almería (no games played). Until his retirement in June 2010 at nearly 33, he played exclusively in the lower leagues, captaining Lorca Deportiva CF in his final year. Subsequently, he joined the technical staff of Segunda División B's AD Cerro de Reyes.Jero played for Spain at various youth levels. He participated with the under-20s at the 1997 FIFA World Youth Championship in Malaysia, featuring in one match for the eventual quarter-finalists.
|
[
"Lorca Deportiva CF",
"Getafe CF",
"Rayo Vallecano",
"Granada CF",
"Spain national under-16 football team",
"Spain national under-18 football team",
"Panachaiki F.C.",
"Valencia CF Mestalla",
"Ciudad de Lorca CF",
"Sangonera Atlético CF",
"Calasparra FC",
"UD San Sebastián de los Reyes",
"CD Burriana",
"Burgos CF",
"Spain national under-20 football team",
"CD Lumbreras",
"Lorca Deportiva CF",
"Getafe CF",
"Rayo Vallecano",
"Granada CF",
"Spain national under-16 football team",
"Spain national under-18 football team",
"Panachaiki F.C.",
"Valencia CF Mestalla",
"Ciudad de Lorca CF",
"Sangonera Atlético CF",
"Calasparra FC",
"UD San Sebastián de los Reyes",
"CD Burriana",
"Burgos CF",
"Spain national under-20 football team",
"CD Lumbreras",
"Lorca Deportiva CF",
"Getafe CF",
"Rayo Vallecano",
"Granada CF",
"Spain national under-16 football team",
"Spain national under-18 football team",
"Panachaiki F.C.",
"Valencia CF Mestalla",
"Ciudad de Lorca CF",
"Sangonera Atlético CF",
"Calasparra FC",
"UD San Sebastián de los Reyes",
"CD Burriana",
"Burgos CF",
"Spain national under-20 football team",
"CD Lumbreras"
] |
|
Which team did Jero Miñarro play for in Jan, 2002?
|
January 15, 2002
|
{
"text": [
"Torredonjimeno CF",
"Unión Deportiva Almería",
"Zamora CF"
]
}
|
L2_Q6182445_P54_9
|
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Lumbreras from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2009.
Jero Miñarro plays for Granada CF from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2005.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-16 football team from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1994.
Jero Miñarro plays for Torredonjimeno CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for Calasparra FC from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2007.
Jero Miñarro plays for Burgos CF from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for Lorca Deportiva CF from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Jero Miñarro plays for Unión Deportiva Almería from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for Rayo Vallecano from Jan, 1998 to Jan, 1999.
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Burriana from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2006.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-20 football team from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1997.
Jero Miñarro plays for UD San Sebastián de los Reyes from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2008.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-18 football team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Jero Miñarro plays for Zamora CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2002.
Jero Miñarro plays for Getafe CF from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for Valencia CF Mestalla from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1998.
Jero Miñarro plays for Panachaiki F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
Jero Miñarro plays for Sangonera Atlético CF from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Jero Miñarro plays for Ciudad de Lorca CF from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2007.
|
Jero MiñarroJerónimo "Jero" Miñarro Navarro (born 19 September 1977) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a central defender.Born in Lorca, Region of Murcia, Jero began his senior career with Valencia CF's reserves at the age of 19, never appearing officially for the first team. Subsequently, he moved to Segunda División and joined Rayo Vallecano, only playing twice during the season as the Madrid club promoted to La Liga.In July 1999, Jero joined Superleague Greece side Panachaiki FC, being first-choice during the campaign and scoring three goals as they narrowly avoided relegation. He returned to his country afterwards, appearing in only 19 second division games over the course of three seasons combined and being relegated with two of the three teams he represented in that level, Getafe CF and Burgos CF.Jero's last appearance in the second tier would be in 2002–03 with UD Almería (no games played). Until his retirement in June 2010 at nearly 33, he played exclusively in the lower leagues, captaining Lorca Deportiva CF in his final year. Subsequently, he joined the technical staff of Segunda División B's AD Cerro de Reyes.Jero played for Spain at various youth levels. He participated with the under-20s at the 1997 FIFA World Youth Championship in Malaysia, featuring in one match for the eventual quarter-finalists.
|
[
"Lorca Deportiva CF",
"Getafe CF",
"Rayo Vallecano",
"Granada CF",
"Spain national under-16 football team",
"Spain national under-18 football team",
"Panachaiki F.C.",
"Valencia CF Mestalla",
"Zamora CF",
"Ciudad de Lorca CF",
"Sangonera Atlético CF",
"Calasparra FC",
"UD San Sebastián de los Reyes",
"CD Burriana",
"Burgos CF",
"Spain national under-20 football team",
"CD Lumbreras",
"Lorca Deportiva CF",
"Getafe CF",
"Rayo Vallecano",
"Granada CF",
"Spain national under-16 football team",
"Spain national under-18 football team",
"Panachaiki F.C.",
"Valencia CF Mestalla",
"Zamora CF",
"Ciudad de Lorca CF",
"Sangonera Atlético CF",
"Calasparra FC",
"UD San Sebastián de los Reyes",
"CD Burriana",
"Burgos CF",
"Spain national under-20 football team",
"CD Lumbreras",
"Lorca Deportiva CF",
"Getafe CF",
"Rayo Vallecano",
"Granada CF",
"Spain national under-16 football team",
"Spain national under-18 football team",
"Panachaiki F.C.",
"Valencia CF Mestalla",
"Ciudad de Lorca CF",
"Sangonera Atlético CF",
"Calasparra FC",
"UD San Sebastián de los Reyes",
"CD Burriana",
"Burgos CF",
"Spain national under-20 football team",
"CD Lumbreras"
] |
|
Which team did Jero Miñarro play for in Apr, 2002?
|
April 21, 2002
|
{
"text": [
"Torredonjimeno CF",
"Unión Deportiva Almería"
]
}
|
L2_Q6182445_P54_10
|
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Lumbreras from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2009.
Jero Miñarro plays for Burgos CF from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for Zamora CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2002.
Jero Miñarro plays for Granada CF from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2005.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-18 football team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Jero Miñarro plays for Unión Deportiva Almería from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for Lorca Deportiva CF from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Jero Miñarro plays for Panachaiki F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Burriana from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2006.
Jero Miñarro plays for Ciudad de Lorca CF from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2007.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-16 football team from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1994.
Jero Miñarro plays for UD San Sebastián de los Reyes from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2008.
Jero Miñarro plays for Valencia CF Mestalla from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1998.
Jero Miñarro plays for Rayo Vallecano from Jan, 1998 to Jan, 1999.
Jero Miñarro plays for Sangonera Atlético CF from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Jero Miñarro plays for Calasparra FC from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2007.
Jero Miñarro plays for Getafe CF from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-20 football team from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1997.
Jero Miñarro plays for Torredonjimeno CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
|
Jero MiñarroJerónimo "Jero" Miñarro Navarro (born 19 September 1977) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a central defender.Born in Lorca, Region of Murcia, Jero began his senior career with Valencia CF's reserves at the age of 19, never appearing officially for the first team. Subsequently, he moved to Segunda División and joined Rayo Vallecano, only playing twice during the season as the Madrid club promoted to La Liga.In July 1999, Jero joined Superleague Greece side Panachaiki FC, being first-choice during the campaign and scoring three goals as they narrowly avoided relegation. He returned to his country afterwards, appearing in only 19 second division games over the course of three seasons combined and being relegated with two of the three teams he represented in that level, Getafe CF and Burgos CF.Jero's last appearance in the second tier would be in 2002–03 with UD Almería (no games played). Until his retirement in June 2010 at nearly 33, he played exclusively in the lower leagues, captaining Lorca Deportiva CF in his final year. Subsequently, he joined the technical staff of Segunda División B's AD Cerro de Reyes.Jero played for Spain at various youth levels. He participated with the under-20s at the 1997 FIFA World Youth Championship in Malaysia, featuring in one match for the eventual quarter-finalists.
|
[
"Lorca Deportiva CF",
"Getafe CF",
"Rayo Vallecano",
"Granada CF",
"Spain national under-16 football team",
"Spain national under-18 football team",
"Panachaiki F.C.",
"Valencia CF Mestalla",
"Zamora CF",
"Ciudad de Lorca CF",
"Sangonera Atlético CF",
"Calasparra FC",
"UD San Sebastián de los Reyes",
"CD Burriana",
"Burgos CF",
"Spain national under-20 football team",
"CD Lumbreras"
] |
|
Which team did Jero Miñarro play for in May, 2003?
|
May 30, 2003
|
{
"text": [
"Sangonera Atlético CF"
]
}
|
L2_Q6182445_P54_11
|
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-16 football team from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1994.
Jero Miñarro plays for Burgos CF from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for Torredonjimeno CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for Calasparra FC from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2007.
Jero Miñarro plays for Getafe CF from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for Granada CF from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2005.
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Burriana from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2006.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-18 football team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Jero Miñarro plays for Unión Deportiva Almería from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for Sangonera Atlético CF from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Jero Miñarro plays for UD San Sebastián de los Reyes from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2008.
Jero Miñarro plays for Ciudad de Lorca CF from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2007.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-20 football team from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1997.
Jero Miñarro plays for Panachaiki F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
Jero Miñarro plays for Zamora CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2002.
Jero Miñarro plays for Rayo Vallecano from Jan, 1998 to Jan, 1999.
Jero Miñarro plays for Lorca Deportiva CF from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Lumbreras from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2009.
Jero Miñarro plays for Valencia CF Mestalla from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1998.
|
Jero MiñarroJerónimo "Jero" Miñarro Navarro (born 19 September 1977) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a central defender.Born in Lorca, Region of Murcia, Jero began his senior career with Valencia CF's reserves at the age of 19, never appearing officially for the first team. Subsequently, he moved to Segunda División and joined Rayo Vallecano, only playing twice during the season as the Madrid club promoted to La Liga.In July 1999, Jero joined Superleague Greece side Panachaiki FC, being first-choice during the campaign and scoring three goals as they narrowly avoided relegation. He returned to his country afterwards, appearing in only 19 second division games over the course of three seasons combined and being relegated with two of the three teams he represented in that level, Getafe CF and Burgos CF.Jero's last appearance in the second tier would be in 2002–03 with UD Almería (no games played). Until his retirement in June 2010 at nearly 33, he played exclusively in the lower leagues, captaining Lorca Deportiva CF in his final year. Subsequently, he joined the technical staff of Segunda División B's AD Cerro de Reyes.Jero played for Spain at various youth levels. He participated with the under-20s at the 1997 FIFA World Youth Championship in Malaysia, featuring in one match for the eventual quarter-finalists.
|
[
"Lorca Deportiva CF",
"Getafe CF",
"Rayo Vallecano",
"Unión Deportiva Almería",
"Granada CF",
"Spain national under-16 football team",
"Spain national under-18 football team",
"Panachaiki F.C.",
"Valencia CF Mestalla",
"Zamora CF",
"Ciudad de Lorca CF",
"Torredonjimeno CF",
"Calasparra FC",
"UD San Sebastián de los Reyes",
"CD Burriana",
"Burgos CF",
"Spain national under-20 football team",
"CD Lumbreras"
] |
|
Which team did Jero Miñarro play for in Apr, 2004?
|
April 14, 2004
|
{
"text": [
"Granada CF"
]
}
|
L2_Q6182445_P54_12
|
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Lumbreras from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2009.
Jero Miñarro plays for Panachaiki F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
Jero Miñarro plays for Calasparra FC from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2007.
Jero Miñarro plays for Lorca Deportiva CF from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Jero Miñarro plays for Burgos CF from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for UD San Sebastián de los Reyes from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2008.
Jero Miñarro plays for Unión Deportiva Almería from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Burriana from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2006.
Jero Miñarro plays for Getafe CF from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for Ciudad de Lorca CF from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2007.
Jero Miñarro plays for Torredonjimeno CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-18 football team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-20 football team from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1997.
Jero Miñarro plays for Sangonera Atlético CF from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-16 football team from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1994.
Jero Miñarro plays for Valencia CF Mestalla from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1998.
Jero Miñarro plays for Rayo Vallecano from Jan, 1998 to Jan, 1999.
Jero Miñarro plays for Zamora CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2002.
Jero Miñarro plays for Granada CF from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2005.
|
Jero MiñarroJerónimo "Jero" Miñarro Navarro (born 19 September 1977) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a central defender.Born in Lorca, Region of Murcia, Jero began his senior career with Valencia CF's reserves at the age of 19, never appearing officially for the first team. Subsequently, he moved to Segunda División and joined Rayo Vallecano, only playing twice during the season as the Madrid club promoted to La Liga.In July 1999, Jero joined Superleague Greece side Panachaiki FC, being first-choice during the campaign and scoring three goals as they narrowly avoided relegation. He returned to his country afterwards, appearing in only 19 second division games over the course of three seasons combined and being relegated with two of the three teams he represented in that level, Getafe CF and Burgos CF.Jero's last appearance in the second tier would be in 2002–03 with UD Almería (no games played). Until his retirement in June 2010 at nearly 33, he played exclusively in the lower leagues, captaining Lorca Deportiva CF in his final year. Subsequently, he joined the technical staff of Segunda División B's AD Cerro de Reyes.Jero played for Spain at various youth levels. He participated with the under-20s at the 1997 FIFA World Youth Championship in Malaysia, featuring in one match for the eventual quarter-finalists.
|
[
"Lorca Deportiva CF",
"Getafe CF",
"Rayo Vallecano",
"Unión Deportiva Almería",
"Spain national under-16 football team",
"Spain national under-18 football team",
"Panachaiki F.C.",
"Valencia CF Mestalla",
"Zamora CF",
"Ciudad de Lorca CF",
"Sangonera Atlético CF",
"Torredonjimeno CF",
"Calasparra FC",
"UD San Sebastián de los Reyes",
"CD Burriana",
"Burgos CF",
"Spain national under-20 football team",
"CD Lumbreras"
] |
|
Which team did Jero Miñarro play for in Dec, 2005?
|
December 29, 2005
|
{
"text": [
"CD Burriana"
]
}
|
L2_Q6182445_P54_13
|
Jero Miñarro plays for Lorca Deportiva CF from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Lumbreras from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2009.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-18 football team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Jero Miñarro plays for UD San Sebastián de los Reyes from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2008.
Jero Miñarro plays for Granada CF from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2005.
Jero Miñarro plays for Getafe CF from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-16 football team from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1994.
Jero Miñarro plays for Torredonjimeno CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for Ciudad de Lorca CF from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2007.
Jero Miñarro plays for Sangonera Atlético CF from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Jero Miñarro plays for Rayo Vallecano from Jan, 1998 to Jan, 1999.
Jero Miñarro plays for Unión Deportiva Almería from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for Calasparra FC from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2007.
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Burriana from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2006.
Jero Miñarro plays for Zamora CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2002.
Jero Miñarro plays for Valencia CF Mestalla from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1998.
Jero Miñarro plays for Panachaiki F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
Jero Miñarro plays for Burgos CF from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-20 football team from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1997.
|
Jero MiñarroJerónimo "Jero" Miñarro Navarro (born 19 September 1977) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a central defender.Born in Lorca, Region of Murcia, Jero began his senior career with Valencia CF's reserves at the age of 19, never appearing officially for the first team. Subsequently, he moved to Segunda División and joined Rayo Vallecano, only playing twice during the season as the Madrid club promoted to La Liga.In July 1999, Jero joined Superleague Greece side Panachaiki FC, being first-choice during the campaign and scoring three goals as they narrowly avoided relegation. He returned to his country afterwards, appearing in only 19 second division games over the course of three seasons combined and being relegated with two of the three teams he represented in that level, Getafe CF and Burgos CF.Jero's last appearance in the second tier would be in 2002–03 with UD Almería (no games played). Until his retirement in June 2010 at nearly 33, he played exclusively in the lower leagues, captaining Lorca Deportiva CF in his final year. Subsequently, he joined the technical staff of Segunda División B's AD Cerro de Reyes.Jero played for Spain at various youth levels. He participated with the under-20s at the 1997 FIFA World Youth Championship in Malaysia, featuring in one match for the eventual quarter-finalists.
|
[
"Lorca Deportiva CF",
"Getafe CF",
"Rayo Vallecano",
"Unión Deportiva Almería",
"Granada CF",
"Spain national under-16 football team",
"Spain national under-18 football team",
"Panachaiki F.C.",
"Valencia CF Mestalla",
"Zamora CF",
"Ciudad de Lorca CF",
"Sangonera Atlético CF",
"Torredonjimeno CF",
"Calasparra FC",
"UD San Sebastián de los Reyes",
"Burgos CF",
"Spain national under-20 football team",
"CD Lumbreras"
] |
|
Which team did Jero Miñarro play for in Aug, 2006?
|
August 11, 2006
|
{
"text": [
"Calasparra FC"
]
}
|
L2_Q6182445_P54_14
|
Jero Miñarro plays for Getafe CF from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Burriana from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2006.
Jero Miñarro plays for Sangonera Atlético CF from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Jero Miñarro plays for Rayo Vallecano from Jan, 1998 to Jan, 1999.
Jero Miñarro plays for Calasparra FC from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2007.
Jero Miñarro plays for Ciudad de Lorca CF from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2007.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-18 football team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Jero Miñarro plays for Zamora CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2002.
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Lumbreras from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2009.
Jero Miñarro plays for Unión Deportiva Almería from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-16 football team from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1994.
Jero Miñarro plays for Granada CF from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2005.
Jero Miñarro plays for Valencia CF Mestalla from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1998.
Jero Miñarro plays for Burgos CF from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-20 football team from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1997.
Jero Miñarro plays for UD San Sebastián de los Reyes from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2008.
Jero Miñarro plays for Panachaiki F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
Jero Miñarro plays for Torredonjimeno CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for Lorca Deportiva CF from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
|
Jero MiñarroJerónimo "Jero" Miñarro Navarro (born 19 September 1977) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a central defender.Born in Lorca, Region of Murcia, Jero began his senior career with Valencia CF's reserves at the age of 19, never appearing officially for the first team. Subsequently, he moved to Segunda División and joined Rayo Vallecano, only playing twice during the season as the Madrid club promoted to La Liga.In July 1999, Jero joined Superleague Greece side Panachaiki FC, being first-choice during the campaign and scoring three goals as they narrowly avoided relegation. He returned to his country afterwards, appearing in only 19 second division games over the course of three seasons combined and being relegated with two of the three teams he represented in that level, Getafe CF and Burgos CF.Jero's last appearance in the second tier would be in 2002–03 with UD Almería (no games played). Until his retirement in June 2010 at nearly 33, he played exclusively in the lower leagues, captaining Lorca Deportiva CF in his final year. Subsequently, he joined the technical staff of Segunda División B's AD Cerro de Reyes.Jero played for Spain at various youth levels. He participated with the under-20s at the 1997 FIFA World Youth Championship in Malaysia, featuring in one match for the eventual quarter-finalists.
|
[
"Lorca Deportiva CF",
"Getafe CF",
"Rayo Vallecano",
"Unión Deportiva Almería",
"Granada CF",
"Spain national under-16 football team",
"Spain national under-18 football team",
"Panachaiki F.C.",
"Valencia CF Mestalla",
"Zamora CF",
"Ciudad de Lorca CF",
"Sangonera Atlético CF",
"Torredonjimeno CF",
"UD San Sebastián de los Reyes",
"CD Burriana",
"Burgos CF",
"Spain national under-20 football team",
"CD Lumbreras"
] |
|
Which team did Jero Miñarro play for in Jan, 2007?
|
January 01, 2007
|
{
"text": [
"Calasparra FC",
"Ciudad de Lorca CF"
]
}
|
L2_Q6182445_P54_15
|
Jero Miñarro plays for Granada CF from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2005.
Jero Miñarro plays for Rayo Vallecano from Jan, 1998 to Jan, 1999.
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Lumbreras from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2009.
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Burriana from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2006.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-18 football team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Jero Miñarro plays for Sangonera Atlético CF from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Jero Miñarro plays for UD San Sebastián de los Reyes from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2008.
Jero Miñarro plays for Panachaiki F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-20 football team from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1997.
Jero Miñarro plays for Torredonjimeno CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for Lorca Deportiva CF from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Jero Miñarro plays for Burgos CF from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for Getafe CF from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for Calasparra FC from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2007.
Jero Miñarro plays for Valencia CF Mestalla from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1998.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-16 football team from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1994.
Jero Miñarro plays for Unión Deportiva Almería from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for Zamora CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2002.
Jero Miñarro plays for Ciudad de Lorca CF from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2007.
|
Jero MiñarroJerónimo "Jero" Miñarro Navarro (born 19 September 1977) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a central defender.Born in Lorca, Region of Murcia, Jero began his senior career with Valencia CF's reserves at the age of 19, never appearing officially for the first team. Subsequently, he moved to Segunda División and joined Rayo Vallecano, only playing twice during the season as the Madrid club promoted to La Liga.In July 1999, Jero joined Superleague Greece side Panachaiki FC, being first-choice during the campaign and scoring three goals as they narrowly avoided relegation. He returned to his country afterwards, appearing in only 19 second division games over the course of three seasons combined and being relegated with two of the three teams he represented in that level, Getafe CF and Burgos CF.Jero's last appearance in the second tier would be in 2002–03 with UD Almería (no games played). Until his retirement in June 2010 at nearly 33, he played exclusively in the lower leagues, captaining Lorca Deportiva CF in his final year. Subsequently, he joined the technical staff of Segunda División B's AD Cerro de Reyes.Jero played for Spain at various youth levels. He participated with the under-20s at the 1997 FIFA World Youth Championship in Malaysia, featuring in one match for the eventual quarter-finalists.
|
[
"Lorca Deportiva CF",
"Getafe CF",
"Rayo Vallecano",
"Unión Deportiva Almería",
"Granada CF",
"Spain national under-16 football team",
"Spain national under-18 football team",
"Panachaiki F.C.",
"Valencia CF Mestalla",
"Zamora CF",
"Sangonera Atlético CF",
"Torredonjimeno CF",
"UD San Sebastián de los Reyes",
"CD Burriana",
"Burgos CF",
"Spain national under-20 football team",
"CD Lumbreras",
"Lorca Deportiva CF",
"Getafe CF",
"Rayo Vallecano",
"Unión Deportiva Almería",
"Granada CF",
"Spain national under-16 football team",
"Spain national under-18 football team",
"Panachaiki F.C.",
"Valencia CF Mestalla",
"Zamora CF",
"Sangonera Atlético CF",
"Torredonjimeno CF",
"UD San Sebastián de los Reyes",
"CD Burriana",
"Burgos CF",
"Spain national under-20 football team",
"CD Lumbreras"
] |
|
Which team did Jero Miñarro play for in Jan, 2008?
|
January 01, 2008
|
{
"text": [
"UD San Sebastián de los Reyes"
]
}
|
L2_Q6182445_P54_16
|
Jero Miñarro plays for Zamora CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2002.
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Lumbreras from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2009.
Jero Miñarro plays for Getafe CF from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for Calasparra FC from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2007.
Jero Miñarro plays for Sangonera Atlético CF from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Jero Miñarro plays for Panachaiki F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
Jero Miñarro plays for UD San Sebastián de los Reyes from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2008.
Jero Miñarro plays for Ciudad de Lorca CF from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2007.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-20 football team from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1997.
Jero Miñarro plays for Torredonjimeno CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for Unión Deportiva Almería from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for Rayo Vallecano from Jan, 1998 to Jan, 1999.
Jero Miñarro plays for Valencia CF Mestalla from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1998.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-18 football team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Jero Miñarro plays for Burgos CF from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Burriana from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2006.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-16 football team from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1994.
Jero Miñarro plays for Granada CF from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2005.
Jero Miñarro plays for Lorca Deportiva CF from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
|
Jero MiñarroJerónimo "Jero" Miñarro Navarro (born 19 September 1977) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a central defender.Born in Lorca, Region of Murcia, Jero began his senior career with Valencia CF's reserves at the age of 19, never appearing officially for the first team. Subsequently, he moved to Segunda División and joined Rayo Vallecano, only playing twice during the season as the Madrid club promoted to La Liga.In July 1999, Jero joined Superleague Greece side Panachaiki FC, being first-choice during the campaign and scoring three goals as they narrowly avoided relegation. He returned to his country afterwards, appearing in only 19 second division games over the course of three seasons combined and being relegated with two of the three teams he represented in that level, Getafe CF and Burgos CF.Jero's last appearance in the second tier would be in 2002–03 with UD Almería (no games played). Until his retirement in June 2010 at nearly 33, he played exclusively in the lower leagues, captaining Lorca Deportiva CF in his final year. Subsequently, he joined the technical staff of Segunda División B's AD Cerro de Reyes.Jero played for Spain at various youth levels. He participated with the under-20s at the 1997 FIFA World Youth Championship in Malaysia, featuring in one match for the eventual quarter-finalists.
|
[
"Lorca Deportiva CF",
"Getafe CF",
"Rayo Vallecano",
"Unión Deportiva Almería",
"Granada CF",
"Spain national under-16 football team",
"Spain national under-18 football team",
"Panachaiki F.C.",
"Valencia CF Mestalla",
"Zamora CF",
"Ciudad de Lorca CF",
"Sangonera Atlético CF",
"Torredonjimeno CF",
"Calasparra FC",
"CD Burriana",
"Burgos CF",
"Spain national under-20 football team",
"CD Lumbreras"
] |
|
Which team did Jero Miñarro play for in Jan, 2009?
|
January 01, 2009
|
{
"text": [
"Lorca Deportiva CF",
"CD Lumbreras"
]
}
|
L2_Q6182445_P54_17
|
Jero Miñarro plays for Ciudad de Lorca CF from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2007.
Jero Miñarro plays for Valencia CF Mestalla from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1998.
Jero Miñarro plays for Torredonjimeno CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Burriana from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2006.
Jero Miñarro plays for Getafe CF from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-18 football team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Jero Miñarro plays for Calasparra FC from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2007.
Jero Miñarro plays for Zamora CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2002.
Jero Miñarro plays for Granada CF from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2005.
Jero Miñarro plays for Sangonera Atlético CF from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Jero Miñarro plays for Rayo Vallecano from Jan, 1998 to Jan, 1999.
Jero Miñarro plays for Burgos CF from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Lumbreras from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2009.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-20 football team from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1997.
Jero Miñarro plays for UD San Sebastián de los Reyes from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2008.
Jero Miñarro plays for Unión Deportiva Almería from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for Lorca Deportiva CF from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-16 football team from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1994.
Jero Miñarro plays for Panachaiki F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
|
Jero MiñarroJerónimo "Jero" Miñarro Navarro (born 19 September 1977) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a central defender.Born in Lorca, Region of Murcia, Jero began his senior career with Valencia CF's reserves at the age of 19, never appearing officially for the first team. Subsequently, he moved to Segunda División and joined Rayo Vallecano, only playing twice during the season as the Madrid club promoted to La Liga.In July 1999, Jero joined Superleague Greece side Panachaiki FC, being first-choice during the campaign and scoring three goals as they narrowly avoided relegation. He returned to his country afterwards, appearing in only 19 second division games over the course of three seasons combined and being relegated with two of the three teams he represented in that level, Getafe CF and Burgos CF.Jero's last appearance in the second tier would be in 2002–03 with UD Almería (no games played). Until his retirement in June 2010 at nearly 33, he played exclusively in the lower leagues, captaining Lorca Deportiva CF in his final year. Subsequently, he joined the technical staff of Segunda División B's AD Cerro de Reyes.Jero played for Spain at various youth levels. He participated with the under-20s at the 1997 FIFA World Youth Championship in Malaysia, featuring in one match for the eventual quarter-finalists.
|
[
"Getafe CF",
"Rayo Vallecano",
"Unión Deportiva Almería",
"Granada CF",
"Spain national under-16 football team",
"Spain national under-18 football team",
"Panachaiki F.C.",
"Valencia CF Mestalla",
"Zamora CF",
"Ciudad de Lorca CF",
"Sangonera Atlético CF",
"Torredonjimeno CF",
"Calasparra FC",
"UD San Sebastián de los Reyes",
"CD Burriana",
"Burgos CF",
"Spain national under-20 football team",
"Getafe CF",
"Rayo Vallecano",
"Unión Deportiva Almería",
"Granada CF",
"Spain national under-16 football team",
"Spain national under-18 football team",
"Panachaiki F.C.",
"Valencia CF Mestalla",
"Zamora CF",
"Ciudad de Lorca CF",
"Sangonera Atlético CF",
"Torredonjimeno CF",
"Calasparra FC",
"UD San Sebastián de los Reyes",
"CD Burriana",
"Burgos CF",
"Spain national under-20 football team"
] |
|
Which team did Jero Miñarro play for in Aug, 2009?
|
August 29, 2009
|
{
"text": [
"Lorca Deportiva CF"
]
}
|
L2_Q6182445_P54_18
|
Jero Miñarro plays for Sangonera Atlético CF from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Jero Miñarro plays for Panachaiki F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Lumbreras from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2009.
Jero Miñarro plays for Unión Deportiva Almería from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for UD San Sebastián de los Reyes from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2008.
Jero Miñarro plays for Zamora CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2002.
Jero Miñarro plays for Lorca Deportiva CF from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-16 football team from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1994.
Jero Miñarro plays for Rayo Vallecano from Jan, 1998 to Jan, 1999.
Jero Miñarro plays for Ciudad de Lorca CF from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2007.
Jero Miñarro plays for Calasparra FC from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2007.
Jero Miñarro plays for Getafe CF from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for CD Burriana from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2006.
Jero Miñarro plays for Valencia CF Mestalla from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1998.
Jero Miñarro plays for Burgos CF from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-20 football team from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1997.
Jero Miñarro plays for Granada CF from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2005.
Jero Miñarro plays for Torredonjimeno CF from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Jero Miñarro plays for Spain national under-18 football team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
|
Jero MiñarroJerónimo "Jero" Miñarro Navarro (born 19 September 1977) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a central defender.Born in Lorca, Region of Murcia, Jero began his senior career with Valencia CF's reserves at the age of 19, never appearing officially for the first team. Subsequently, he moved to Segunda División and joined Rayo Vallecano, only playing twice during the season as the Madrid club promoted to La Liga.In July 1999, Jero joined Superleague Greece side Panachaiki FC, being first-choice during the campaign and scoring three goals as they narrowly avoided relegation. He returned to his country afterwards, appearing in only 19 second division games over the course of three seasons combined and being relegated with two of the three teams he represented in that level, Getafe CF and Burgos CF.Jero's last appearance in the second tier would be in 2002–03 with UD Almería (no games played). Until his retirement in June 2010 at nearly 33, he played exclusively in the lower leagues, captaining Lorca Deportiva CF in his final year. Subsequently, he joined the technical staff of Segunda División B's AD Cerro de Reyes.Jero played for Spain at various youth levels. He participated with the under-20s at the 1997 FIFA World Youth Championship in Malaysia, featuring in one match for the eventual quarter-finalists.
|
[
"Getafe CF",
"Rayo Vallecano",
"Unión Deportiva Almería",
"Granada CF",
"Spain national under-16 football team",
"Spain national under-18 football team",
"Panachaiki F.C.",
"Valencia CF Mestalla",
"Zamora CF",
"Ciudad de Lorca CF",
"Sangonera Atlético CF",
"Torredonjimeno CF",
"Calasparra FC",
"UD San Sebastián de los Reyes",
"CD Burriana",
"Burgos CF",
"Spain national under-20 football team",
"CD Lumbreras"
] |
|
Which employer did Lipman Bers work for in Nov, 1944?
|
November 21, 1944
|
{
"text": [
"Brown University"
]
}
|
L2_Q215986_P108_0
|
Lipman Bers works for Syracuse University from Jan, 1945 to Jan, 1949.
Lipman Bers works for Brown University from Jan, 1942 to Jan, 1945.
Lipman Bers works for Columbia University from Jan, 1964 to Jan, 1984.
Lipman Bers works for Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences from Jan, 1951 to Jan, 1964.
Lipman Bers works for Institute for Advanced Study from Jan, 1949 to Jan, 1951.
|
Lipman BersLipman "Lipa" Bers (Latvian: "Lipmans Berss"; May 22, 1914 – October 29, 1993) was a Latvian-American mathematician, born in Riga, who created the theory of pseudoanalytic functions and worked on Riemann surfaces and Kleinian groups. He was also known for his work in human rights activism.Bers was born in Riga, then under the rule of the Russian Czars, and spent several years as a child in Saint Petersburg; his family returned to Riga in approximately 1919, by which time it was part of independent Latvia. In Riga, his mother was the principal of a Jewish elementary school, and his father became the principal of a Jewish high school, both of which Bers attended, with an interlude in Berlin while his mother, by then separated from his father, attended the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute. After high school, Bers studied at the University of Zurich for a year, but had to return to Riga again because of the difficulty of transferring money from Latvia in the international financial crisis of the time. He continued his studies at the University of Riga, where he became active in socialist politics, including giving political speeches and working for an underground newspaper. In the aftermath of the Latvian coup in 1934 by right-wing leader Kārlis Ulmanis, Bers was targeted for arrest but fled the country, first to Estonia and then to Czechoslovakia.Bers received his Ph.D. in 1938 from the University of Prague. He had begun his studies in Prague with Rudolf Carnap, but when Carnap moved to the US he switched to Charles Loewner, who would eventually become his thesis advisor. In Prague, he lived with an aunt, and married his wife Mary (née Kagan) whom he had met in elementary school and who had followed him from Riga. Having applied for postdoctoral studies in Paris, he was given a visa to go to France soon after the Munich Agreement, in which Nazi Germany annexed Czechoslovakia. He and his wife Mary had a daughter in Paris. They were unable to obtain a visa there to emigrate to the US, as the Latvian quota had filled, so they escaped to the south of France ten days before the fall of Paris, and eventually obtained an emergency US visa in Marseilles, one of a group of 10,000 visas set aside for political refugees by Eleanor Roosevelt. The Bers family rejoined Bers' mother, who had by then moved to New York City and become a psychoanalyst, married to thespian Beno Tumarin. At this time, Bers worked for the YIVO Yiddish research agency.Bers spent World War II teaching mathematics as a research associate at Brown University, where he was joined by Loewner. After the war, Bers found an assistant professorship at Syracuse University (1945–1951), before moving to New York University (1951–1964) and then Columbia University (1964–1982), where he became the Davies Professor of Mathematics, and where he chaired the mathematics department from 1972 to 1975. His move to NYU coincided with a move of his family to New Rochelle, New York, where he joined a small community of émigré mathematicians. He was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study in 1949–51. He was a Vice-President (1963–65) and a President (1975–77) of the American Mathematical Society, chaired the Division of Mathematical Sciences of the United States National Research Council from 1969 to 1971, chaired the U.S. National Committee on Mathematics from 1977 to 1981, and chaired the Mathematics Section of the National Academy of Sciences from 1967 to 1970.Late in his life, Bers suffered from Parkinson's disease and strokes. He died on October 29, 1993.Bers' doctoral work was on the subject of potential theory. While in Paris, he worked on Green's function and on integral representations. After first moving to the US, while working for YIVO, he researched Yiddish mathematics textbooks rather than pure mathematics.At Brown, he began working on problems of fluid dynamics, and in particular on the two-dimensional subsonic flows associated with cross-sections of airfoils. At this time, he began his work with Abe Gelbart on what would eventually develop into the theory of pseudoanalytic functions. Through the 1940s and 1950s he continued to develop this theory, and to use it to study the planar elliptic partial differential equations associated with subsonic flows. Another of his major results in this time concerned the singularities of the partial differential equations defining minimal surfaces. Bers proved an extension of Riemann's theorem on removable singularities, showing that any isolated singularity of a pencil of minimal surfaces can be removed; he spoke on this result at the 1950 International Congress of Mathematicians and published it in "Annals of Mathematics".Later, beginning with his visit to the Institute for Advanced Study, Bers "begana ten-year odyssey that took him from pseudoanalytic functions and elliptic equations to quasiconformal mappings, Teichmüller theory, andKleinian groups". With Lars Ahlfors, he solved the "moduli problem", of finding a holomorphic parameterization of the Teichmüller space, each point of which represents a compact Riemann surface of a given genus. During this period he also coined the popular phrasing of a question on eigenvalues of planar domains, "Can one hear the shape of a drum?", used as an article title by Mark Kac in 1966 and finally answered negatively in 1992 by an academic descendant of Bers. In the late 1950s, by way of adding a coda to his earlier work, Bers wrote several major retrospectives of flows, pseudoanalytic functions, fixed point methods, Riemann surface theory prior to his work on moduli, and the theory of several complex variables. In 1958, he presented his work on Riemann surfaces in a second talk at the International Congress of Mathematicians.Bers' work on the parameterization of Teichmüller space led him in the 1960s to consider the boundary of the parameterized space, whose points corresponded to new types of Kleinian groups, eventually to be called singly-degenerate Kleinian groups. He applied Eichler cohomology, previously developed for applications in number theory and the theory of Lie groups, to Kleinian groups. He proved the Bers area inequality, an area bound for hyperbolic surfaces that became a two-dimensional precursor to William Thurston's work on geometrization of 3-manifolds and 3-manifold volume, and in this period Bers himself also studied the continuous symmetries of hyperbolic 3-space.Quasi-Fuchsian groups may be mapped to a pair of Riemann surfaces by taking the quotient by the group of one of the two connected components of the complement of the group's limit set; fixing the image of one of these two maps leads to a subset of the space of Kleinian groups called a Bers slice. In 1970, Bers conjectured that the singly degenerate Kleinian surface groups can be found on the boundary of a Bers slice; this statement, known as the Bers density conjecture, was finally proven by Namazi, Souto, and Ohshika in 2010 and 2011. The Bers compactification of Teichmüller space also dates to this period.Over the course of his career, Bers advised approximately 50 doctoral students, among them Enrico Arbarello, Irwin Kra, Linda Keen, Murray H. Protter, and Lesley Sibner. Approximately a third of Bers' doctoral students were women, a high proportion for mathematics. Having felt neglected by his own advisor, Bers met regularly for meals with his students and former students, maintained a keen interest in their personal lives as well as their professional accomplishments, and kept up a friendly competition with Lars Ahlfors over who could bring to larger number of academic descendants to mathematical gatherings.As a small child with his mother in Saint Petersburg, Bers had cheered the Russian Revolution and the rise of the Soviet Union, but by the late 1930s he had become disillusioned with communism after the assassination of Sergey Kirov and Stalin's ensuing purges. His son Victor later said that "His experiences in Europe motivated his activism in the human rights movement," and Bers himself attributed his interest in human rights to the legacy of Menshevik leader Julius Martov. He founded the Committee on Human Rights of the National Academy of Sciences, and beginning in the 1970s worked to allow the emigration of dissident soviet mathematicians including Yuri Shikhanovich, Leonid Plyushch, Valentin Turchin, and David and Gregory Chudnovsky. Within the U.S., he also opposed the American involvement in the Vietnam War and southeast Asia, and the maintenance of the U.S. nuclear arsenal during the Cold War.In 1961, Bers was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and in 1965 he became a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He joined the National Academy of Sciences in 1964. He was a member of the Finnish Academy of Sciences, and the American Philosophical Society. He received the AMS Leroy P. Steele Prize for mathematical exposition in 1975 for his paper "Uniformization, moduli, and Kleinian groups". In 1986, the New York Academy of Sciences gave him their Human Rights Award. In the early 1980s, the Association for Women in Mathematics held a symposium to honor Bers' accomplishments in mentoring women mathematicians.
|
[
"Syracuse University",
"Columbia University",
"Institute for Advanced Study",
"Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences"
] |
|
Which employer did Lipman Bers work for in May, 1947?
|
May 24, 1947
|
{
"text": [
"Syracuse University"
]
}
|
L2_Q215986_P108_1
|
Lipman Bers works for Columbia University from Jan, 1964 to Jan, 1984.
Lipman Bers works for Syracuse University from Jan, 1945 to Jan, 1949.
Lipman Bers works for Institute for Advanced Study from Jan, 1949 to Jan, 1951.
Lipman Bers works for Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences from Jan, 1951 to Jan, 1964.
Lipman Bers works for Brown University from Jan, 1942 to Jan, 1945.
|
Lipman BersLipman "Lipa" Bers (Latvian: "Lipmans Berss"; May 22, 1914 – October 29, 1993) was a Latvian-American mathematician, born in Riga, who created the theory of pseudoanalytic functions and worked on Riemann surfaces and Kleinian groups. He was also known for his work in human rights activism.Bers was born in Riga, then under the rule of the Russian Czars, and spent several years as a child in Saint Petersburg; his family returned to Riga in approximately 1919, by which time it was part of independent Latvia. In Riga, his mother was the principal of a Jewish elementary school, and his father became the principal of a Jewish high school, both of which Bers attended, with an interlude in Berlin while his mother, by then separated from his father, attended the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute. After high school, Bers studied at the University of Zurich for a year, but had to return to Riga again because of the difficulty of transferring money from Latvia in the international financial crisis of the time. He continued his studies at the University of Riga, where he became active in socialist politics, including giving political speeches and working for an underground newspaper. In the aftermath of the Latvian coup in 1934 by right-wing leader Kārlis Ulmanis, Bers was targeted for arrest but fled the country, first to Estonia and then to Czechoslovakia.Bers received his Ph.D. in 1938 from the University of Prague. He had begun his studies in Prague with Rudolf Carnap, but when Carnap moved to the US he switched to Charles Loewner, who would eventually become his thesis advisor. In Prague, he lived with an aunt, and married his wife Mary (née Kagan) whom he had met in elementary school and who had followed him from Riga. Having applied for postdoctoral studies in Paris, he was given a visa to go to France soon after the Munich Agreement, in which Nazi Germany annexed Czechoslovakia. He and his wife Mary had a daughter in Paris. They were unable to obtain a visa there to emigrate to the US, as the Latvian quota had filled, so they escaped to the south of France ten days before the fall of Paris, and eventually obtained an emergency US visa in Marseilles, one of a group of 10,000 visas set aside for political refugees by Eleanor Roosevelt. The Bers family rejoined Bers' mother, who had by then moved to New York City and become a psychoanalyst, married to thespian Beno Tumarin. At this time, Bers worked for the YIVO Yiddish research agency.Bers spent World War II teaching mathematics as a research associate at Brown University, where he was joined by Loewner. After the war, Bers found an assistant professorship at Syracuse University (1945–1951), before moving to New York University (1951–1964) and then Columbia University (1964–1982), where he became the Davies Professor of Mathematics, and where he chaired the mathematics department from 1972 to 1975. His move to NYU coincided with a move of his family to New Rochelle, New York, where he joined a small community of émigré mathematicians. He was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study in 1949–51. He was a Vice-President (1963–65) and a President (1975–77) of the American Mathematical Society, chaired the Division of Mathematical Sciences of the United States National Research Council from 1969 to 1971, chaired the U.S. National Committee on Mathematics from 1977 to 1981, and chaired the Mathematics Section of the National Academy of Sciences from 1967 to 1970.Late in his life, Bers suffered from Parkinson's disease and strokes. He died on October 29, 1993.Bers' doctoral work was on the subject of potential theory. While in Paris, he worked on Green's function and on integral representations. After first moving to the US, while working for YIVO, he researched Yiddish mathematics textbooks rather than pure mathematics.At Brown, he began working on problems of fluid dynamics, and in particular on the two-dimensional subsonic flows associated with cross-sections of airfoils. At this time, he began his work with Abe Gelbart on what would eventually develop into the theory of pseudoanalytic functions. Through the 1940s and 1950s he continued to develop this theory, and to use it to study the planar elliptic partial differential equations associated with subsonic flows. Another of his major results in this time concerned the singularities of the partial differential equations defining minimal surfaces. Bers proved an extension of Riemann's theorem on removable singularities, showing that any isolated singularity of a pencil of minimal surfaces can be removed; he spoke on this result at the 1950 International Congress of Mathematicians and published it in "Annals of Mathematics".Later, beginning with his visit to the Institute for Advanced Study, Bers "begana ten-year odyssey that took him from pseudoanalytic functions and elliptic equations to quasiconformal mappings, Teichmüller theory, andKleinian groups". With Lars Ahlfors, he solved the "moduli problem", of finding a holomorphic parameterization of the Teichmüller space, each point of which represents a compact Riemann surface of a given genus. During this period he also coined the popular phrasing of a question on eigenvalues of planar domains, "Can one hear the shape of a drum?", used as an article title by Mark Kac in 1966 and finally answered negatively in 1992 by an academic descendant of Bers. In the late 1950s, by way of adding a coda to his earlier work, Bers wrote several major retrospectives of flows, pseudoanalytic functions, fixed point methods, Riemann surface theory prior to his work on moduli, and the theory of several complex variables. In 1958, he presented his work on Riemann surfaces in a second talk at the International Congress of Mathematicians.Bers' work on the parameterization of Teichmüller space led him in the 1960s to consider the boundary of the parameterized space, whose points corresponded to new types of Kleinian groups, eventually to be called singly-degenerate Kleinian groups. He applied Eichler cohomology, previously developed for applications in number theory and the theory of Lie groups, to Kleinian groups. He proved the Bers area inequality, an area bound for hyperbolic surfaces that became a two-dimensional precursor to William Thurston's work on geometrization of 3-manifolds and 3-manifold volume, and in this period Bers himself also studied the continuous symmetries of hyperbolic 3-space.Quasi-Fuchsian groups may be mapped to a pair of Riemann surfaces by taking the quotient by the group of one of the two connected components of the complement of the group's limit set; fixing the image of one of these two maps leads to a subset of the space of Kleinian groups called a Bers slice. In 1970, Bers conjectured that the singly degenerate Kleinian surface groups can be found on the boundary of a Bers slice; this statement, known as the Bers density conjecture, was finally proven by Namazi, Souto, and Ohshika in 2010 and 2011. The Bers compactification of Teichmüller space also dates to this period.Over the course of his career, Bers advised approximately 50 doctoral students, among them Enrico Arbarello, Irwin Kra, Linda Keen, Murray H. Protter, and Lesley Sibner. Approximately a third of Bers' doctoral students were women, a high proportion for mathematics. Having felt neglected by his own advisor, Bers met regularly for meals with his students and former students, maintained a keen interest in their personal lives as well as their professional accomplishments, and kept up a friendly competition with Lars Ahlfors over who could bring to larger number of academic descendants to mathematical gatherings.As a small child with his mother in Saint Petersburg, Bers had cheered the Russian Revolution and the rise of the Soviet Union, but by the late 1930s he had become disillusioned with communism after the assassination of Sergey Kirov and Stalin's ensuing purges. His son Victor later said that "His experiences in Europe motivated his activism in the human rights movement," and Bers himself attributed his interest in human rights to the legacy of Menshevik leader Julius Martov. He founded the Committee on Human Rights of the National Academy of Sciences, and beginning in the 1970s worked to allow the emigration of dissident soviet mathematicians including Yuri Shikhanovich, Leonid Plyushch, Valentin Turchin, and David and Gregory Chudnovsky. Within the U.S., he also opposed the American involvement in the Vietnam War and southeast Asia, and the maintenance of the U.S. nuclear arsenal during the Cold War.In 1961, Bers was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and in 1965 he became a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He joined the National Academy of Sciences in 1964. He was a member of the Finnish Academy of Sciences, and the American Philosophical Society. He received the AMS Leroy P. Steele Prize for mathematical exposition in 1975 for his paper "Uniformization, moduli, and Kleinian groups". In 1986, the New York Academy of Sciences gave him their Human Rights Award. In the early 1980s, the Association for Women in Mathematics held a symposium to honor Bers' accomplishments in mentoring women mathematicians.
|
[
"Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences",
"Columbia University",
"Institute for Advanced Study",
"Brown University"
] |
|
Which employer did Lipman Bers work for in May, 1950?
|
May 09, 1950
|
{
"text": [
"Institute for Advanced Study"
]
}
|
L2_Q215986_P108_2
|
Lipman Bers works for Institute for Advanced Study from Jan, 1949 to Jan, 1951.
Lipman Bers works for Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences from Jan, 1951 to Jan, 1964.
Lipman Bers works for Syracuse University from Jan, 1945 to Jan, 1949.
Lipman Bers works for Columbia University from Jan, 1964 to Jan, 1984.
Lipman Bers works for Brown University from Jan, 1942 to Jan, 1945.
|
Lipman BersLipman "Lipa" Bers (Latvian: "Lipmans Berss"; May 22, 1914 – October 29, 1993) was a Latvian-American mathematician, born in Riga, who created the theory of pseudoanalytic functions and worked on Riemann surfaces and Kleinian groups. He was also known for his work in human rights activism.Bers was born in Riga, then under the rule of the Russian Czars, and spent several years as a child in Saint Petersburg; his family returned to Riga in approximately 1919, by which time it was part of independent Latvia. In Riga, his mother was the principal of a Jewish elementary school, and his father became the principal of a Jewish high school, both of which Bers attended, with an interlude in Berlin while his mother, by then separated from his father, attended the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute. After high school, Bers studied at the University of Zurich for a year, but had to return to Riga again because of the difficulty of transferring money from Latvia in the international financial crisis of the time. He continued his studies at the University of Riga, where he became active in socialist politics, including giving political speeches and working for an underground newspaper. In the aftermath of the Latvian coup in 1934 by right-wing leader Kārlis Ulmanis, Bers was targeted for arrest but fled the country, first to Estonia and then to Czechoslovakia.Bers received his Ph.D. in 1938 from the University of Prague. He had begun his studies in Prague with Rudolf Carnap, but when Carnap moved to the US he switched to Charles Loewner, who would eventually become his thesis advisor. In Prague, he lived with an aunt, and married his wife Mary (née Kagan) whom he had met in elementary school and who had followed him from Riga. Having applied for postdoctoral studies in Paris, he was given a visa to go to France soon after the Munich Agreement, in which Nazi Germany annexed Czechoslovakia. He and his wife Mary had a daughter in Paris. They were unable to obtain a visa there to emigrate to the US, as the Latvian quota had filled, so they escaped to the south of France ten days before the fall of Paris, and eventually obtained an emergency US visa in Marseilles, one of a group of 10,000 visas set aside for political refugees by Eleanor Roosevelt. The Bers family rejoined Bers' mother, who had by then moved to New York City and become a psychoanalyst, married to thespian Beno Tumarin. At this time, Bers worked for the YIVO Yiddish research agency.Bers spent World War II teaching mathematics as a research associate at Brown University, where he was joined by Loewner. After the war, Bers found an assistant professorship at Syracuse University (1945–1951), before moving to New York University (1951–1964) and then Columbia University (1964–1982), where he became the Davies Professor of Mathematics, and where he chaired the mathematics department from 1972 to 1975. His move to NYU coincided with a move of his family to New Rochelle, New York, where he joined a small community of émigré mathematicians. He was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study in 1949–51. He was a Vice-President (1963–65) and a President (1975–77) of the American Mathematical Society, chaired the Division of Mathematical Sciences of the United States National Research Council from 1969 to 1971, chaired the U.S. National Committee on Mathematics from 1977 to 1981, and chaired the Mathematics Section of the National Academy of Sciences from 1967 to 1970.Late in his life, Bers suffered from Parkinson's disease and strokes. He died on October 29, 1993.Bers' doctoral work was on the subject of potential theory. While in Paris, he worked on Green's function and on integral representations. After first moving to the US, while working for YIVO, he researched Yiddish mathematics textbooks rather than pure mathematics.At Brown, he began working on problems of fluid dynamics, and in particular on the two-dimensional subsonic flows associated with cross-sections of airfoils. At this time, he began his work with Abe Gelbart on what would eventually develop into the theory of pseudoanalytic functions. Through the 1940s and 1950s he continued to develop this theory, and to use it to study the planar elliptic partial differential equations associated with subsonic flows. Another of his major results in this time concerned the singularities of the partial differential equations defining minimal surfaces. Bers proved an extension of Riemann's theorem on removable singularities, showing that any isolated singularity of a pencil of minimal surfaces can be removed; he spoke on this result at the 1950 International Congress of Mathematicians and published it in "Annals of Mathematics".Later, beginning with his visit to the Institute for Advanced Study, Bers "begana ten-year odyssey that took him from pseudoanalytic functions and elliptic equations to quasiconformal mappings, Teichmüller theory, andKleinian groups". With Lars Ahlfors, he solved the "moduli problem", of finding a holomorphic parameterization of the Teichmüller space, each point of which represents a compact Riemann surface of a given genus. During this period he also coined the popular phrasing of a question on eigenvalues of planar domains, "Can one hear the shape of a drum?", used as an article title by Mark Kac in 1966 and finally answered negatively in 1992 by an academic descendant of Bers. In the late 1950s, by way of adding a coda to his earlier work, Bers wrote several major retrospectives of flows, pseudoanalytic functions, fixed point methods, Riemann surface theory prior to his work on moduli, and the theory of several complex variables. In 1958, he presented his work on Riemann surfaces in a second talk at the International Congress of Mathematicians.Bers' work on the parameterization of Teichmüller space led him in the 1960s to consider the boundary of the parameterized space, whose points corresponded to new types of Kleinian groups, eventually to be called singly-degenerate Kleinian groups. He applied Eichler cohomology, previously developed for applications in number theory and the theory of Lie groups, to Kleinian groups. He proved the Bers area inequality, an area bound for hyperbolic surfaces that became a two-dimensional precursor to William Thurston's work on geometrization of 3-manifolds and 3-manifold volume, and in this period Bers himself also studied the continuous symmetries of hyperbolic 3-space.Quasi-Fuchsian groups may be mapped to a pair of Riemann surfaces by taking the quotient by the group of one of the two connected components of the complement of the group's limit set; fixing the image of one of these two maps leads to a subset of the space of Kleinian groups called a Bers slice. In 1970, Bers conjectured that the singly degenerate Kleinian surface groups can be found on the boundary of a Bers slice; this statement, known as the Bers density conjecture, was finally proven by Namazi, Souto, and Ohshika in 2010 and 2011. The Bers compactification of Teichmüller space also dates to this period.Over the course of his career, Bers advised approximately 50 doctoral students, among them Enrico Arbarello, Irwin Kra, Linda Keen, Murray H. Protter, and Lesley Sibner. Approximately a third of Bers' doctoral students were women, a high proportion for mathematics. Having felt neglected by his own advisor, Bers met regularly for meals with his students and former students, maintained a keen interest in their personal lives as well as their professional accomplishments, and kept up a friendly competition with Lars Ahlfors over who could bring to larger number of academic descendants to mathematical gatherings.As a small child with his mother in Saint Petersburg, Bers had cheered the Russian Revolution and the rise of the Soviet Union, but by the late 1930s he had become disillusioned with communism after the assassination of Sergey Kirov and Stalin's ensuing purges. His son Victor later said that "His experiences in Europe motivated his activism in the human rights movement," and Bers himself attributed his interest in human rights to the legacy of Menshevik leader Julius Martov. He founded the Committee on Human Rights of the National Academy of Sciences, and beginning in the 1970s worked to allow the emigration of dissident soviet mathematicians including Yuri Shikhanovich, Leonid Plyushch, Valentin Turchin, and David and Gregory Chudnovsky. Within the U.S., he also opposed the American involvement in the Vietnam War and southeast Asia, and the maintenance of the U.S. nuclear arsenal during the Cold War.In 1961, Bers was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and in 1965 he became a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He joined the National Academy of Sciences in 1964. He was a member of the Finnish Academy of Sciences, and the American Philosophical Society. He received the AMS Leroy P. Steele Prize for mathematical exposition in 1975 for his paper "Uniformization, moduli, and Kleinian groups". In 1986, the New York Academy of Sciences gave him their Human Rights Award. In the early 1980s, the Association for Women in Mathematics held a symposium to honor Bers' accomplishments in mentoring women mathematicians.
|
[
"Syracuse University",
"Columbia University",
"Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences",
"Brown University"
] |
|
Which employer did Lipman Bers work for in Jun, 1955?
|
June 16, 1955
|
{
"text": [
"Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences"
]
}
|
L2_Q215986_P108_3
|
Lipman Bers works for Brown University from Jan, 1942 to Jan, 1945.
Lipman Bers works for Syracuse University from Jan, 1945 to Jan, 1949.
Lipman Bers works for Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences from Jan, 1951 to Jan, 1964.
Lipman Bers works for Columbia University from Jan, 1964 to Jan, 1984.
Lipman Bers works for Institute for Advanced Study from Jan, 1949 to Jan, 1951.
|
Lipman BersLipman "Lipa" Bers (Latvian: "Lipmans Berss"; May 22, 1914 – October 29, 1993) was a Latvian-American mathematician, born in Riga, who created the theory of pseudoanalytic functions and worked on Riemann surfaces and Kleinian groups. He was also known for his work in human rights activism.Bers was born in Riga, then under the rule of the Russian Czars, and spent several years as a child in Saint Petersburg; his family returned to Riga in approximately 1919, by which time it was part of independent Latvia. In Riga, his mother was the principal of a Jewish elementary school, and his father became the principal of a Jewish high school, both of which Bers attended, with an interlude in Berlin while his mother, by then separated from his father, attended the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute. After high school, Bers studied at the University of Zurich for a year, but had to return to Riga again because of the difficulty of transferring money from Latvia in the international financial crisis of the time. He continued his studies at the University of Riga, where he became active in socialist politics, including giving political speeches and working for an underground newspaper. In the aftermath of the Latvian coup in 1934 by right-wing leader Kārlis Ulmanis, Bers was targeted for arrest but fled the country, first to Estonia and then to Czechoslovakia.Bers received his Ph.D. in 1938 from the University of Prague. He had begun his studies in Prague with Rudolf Carnap, but when Carnap moved to the US he switched to Charles Loewner, who would eventually become his thesis advisor. In Prague, he lived with an aunt, and married his wife Mary (née Kagan) whom he had met in elementary school and who had followed him from Riga. Having applied for postdoctoral studies in Paris, he was given a visa to go to France soon after the Munich Agreement, in which Nazi Germany annexed Czechoslovakia. He and his wife Mary had a daughter in Paris. They were unable to obtain a visa there to emigrate to the US, as the Latvian quota had filled, so they escaped to the south of France ten days before the fall of Paris, and eventually obtained an emergency US visa in Marseilles, one of a group of 10,000 visas set aside for political refugees by Eleanor Roosevelt. The Bers family rejoined Bers' mother, who had by then moved to New York City and become a psychoanalyst, married to thespian Beno Tumarin. At this time, Bers worked for the YIVO Yiddish research agency.Bers spent World War II teaching mathematics as a research associate at Brown University, where he was joined by Loewner. After the war, Bers found an assistant professorship at Syracuse University (1945–1951), before moving to New York University (1951–1964) and then Columbia University (1964–1982), where he became the Davies Professor of Mathematics, and where he chaired the mathematics department from 1972 to 1975. His move to NYU coincided with a move of his family to New Rochelle, New York, where he joined a small community of émigré mathematicians. He was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study in 1949–51. He was a Vice-President (1963–65) and a President (1975–77) of the American Mathematical Society, chaired the Division of Mathematical Sciences of the United States National Research Council from 1969 to 1971, chaired the U.S. National Committee on Mathematics from 1977 to 1981, and chaired the Mathematics Section of the National Academy of Sciences from 1967 to 1970.Late in his life, Bers suffered from Parkinson's disease and strokes. He died on October 29, 1993.Bers' doctoral work was on the subject of potential theory. While in Paris, he worked on Green's function and on integral representations. After first moving to the US, while working for YIVO, he researched Yiddish mathematics textbooks rather than pure mathematics.At Brown, he began working on problems of fluid dynamics, and in particular on the two-dimensional subsonic flows associated with cross-sections of airfoils. At this time, he began his work with Abe Gelbart on what would eventually develop into the theory of pseudoanalytic functions. Through the 1940s and 1950s he continued to develop this theory, and to use it to study the planar elliptic partial differential equations associated with subsonic flows. Another of his major results in this time concerned the singularities of the partial differential equations defining minimal surfaces. Bers proved an extension of Riemann's theorem on removable singularities, showing that any isolated singularity of a pencil of minimal surfaces can be removed; he spoke on this result at the 1950 International Congress of Mathematicians and published it in "Annals of Mathematics".Later, beginning with his visit to the Institute for Advanced Study, Bers "begana ten-year odyssey that took him from pseudoanalytic functions and elliptic equations to quasiconformal mappings, Teichmüller theory, andKleinian groups". With Lars Ahlfors, he solved the "moduli problem", of finding a holomorphic parameterization of the Teichmüller space, each point of which represents a compact Riemann surface of a given genus. During this period he also coined the popular phrasing of a question on eigenvalues of planar domains, "Can one hear the shape of a drum?", used as an article title by Mark Kac in 1966 and finally answered negatively in 1992 by an academic descendant of Bers. In the late 1950s, by way of adding a coda to his earlier work, Bers wrote several major retrospectives of flows, pseudoanalytic functions, fixed point methods, Riemann surface theory prior to his work on moduli, and the theory of several complex variables. In 1958, he presented his work on Riemann surfaces in a second talk at the International Congress of Mathematicians.Bers' work on the parameterization of Teichmüller space led him in the 1960s to consider the boundary of the parameterized space, whose points corresponded to new types of Kleinian groups, eventually to be called singly-degenerate Kleinian groups. He applied Eichler cohomology, previously developed for applications in number theory and the theory of Lie groups, to Kleinian groups. He proved the Bers area inequality, an area bound for hyperbolic surfaces that became a two-dimensional precursor to William Thurston's work on geometrization of 3-manifolds and 3-manifold volume, and in this period Bers himself also studied the continuous symmetries of hyperbolic 3-space.Quasi-Fuchsian groups may be mapped to a pair of Riemann surfaces by taking the quotient by the group of one of the two connected components of the complement of the group's limit set; fixing the image of one of these two maps leads to a subset of the space of Kleinian groups called a Bers slice. In 1970, Bers conjectured that the singly degenerate Kleinian surface groups can be found on the boundary of a Bers slice; this statement, known as the Bers density conjecture, was finally proven by Namazi, Souto, and Ohshika in 2010 and 2011. The Bers compactification of Teichmüller space also dates to this period.Over the course of his career, Bers advised approximately 50 doctoral students, among them Enrico Arbarello, Irwin Kra, Linda Keen, Murray H. Protter, and Lesley Sibner. Approximately a third of Bers' doctoral students were women, a high proportion for mathematics. Having felt neglected by his own advisor, Bers met regularly for meals with his students and former students, maintained a keen interest in their personal lives as well as their professional accomplishments, and kept up a friendly competition with Lars Ahlfors over who could bring to larger number of academic descendants to mathematical gatherings.As a small child with his mother in Saint Petersburg, Bers had cheered the Russian Revolution and the rise of the Soviet Union, but by the late 1930s he had become disillusioned with communism after the assassination of Sergey Kirov and Stalin's ensuing purges. His son Victor later said that "His experiences in Europe motivated his activism in the human rights movement," and Bers himself attributed his interest in human rights to the legacy of Menshevik leader Julius Martov. He founded the Committee on Human Rights of the National Academy of Sciences, and beginning in the 1970s worked to allow the emigration of dissident soviet mathematicians including Yuri Shikhanovich, Leonid Plyushch, Valentin Turchin, and David and Gregory Chudnovsky. Within the U.S., he also opposed the American involvement in the Vietnam War and southeast Asia, and the maintenance of the U.S. nuclear arsenal during the Cold War.In 1961, Bers was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and in 1965 he became a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He joined the National Academy of Sciences in 1964. He was a member of the Finnish Academy of Sciences, and the American Philosophical Society. He received the AMS Leroy P. Steele Prize for mathematical exposition in 1975 for his paper "Uniformization, moduli, and Kleinian groups". In 1986, the New York Academy of Sciences gave him their Human Rights Award. In the early 1980s, the Association for Women in Mathematics held a symposium to honor Bers' accomplishments in mentoring women mathematicians.
|
[
"Syracuse University",
"Columbia University",
"Institute for Advanced Study",
"Brown University"
] |
|
Which employer did Lipman Bers work for in Jul, 1977?
|
July 06, 1977
|
{
"text": [
"Columbia University"
]
}
|
L2_Q215986_P108_4
|
Lipman Bers works for Institute for Advanced Study from Jan, 1949 to Jan, 1951.
Lipman Bers works for Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences from Jan, 1951 to Jan, 1964.
Lipman Bers works for Columbia University from Jan, 1964 to Jan, 1984.
Lipman Bers works for Syracuse University from Jan, 1945 to Jan, 1949.
Lipman Bers works for Brown University from Jan, 1942 to Jan, 1945.
|
Lipman BersLipman "Lipa" Bers (Latvian: "Lipmans Berss"; May 22, 1914 – October 29, 1993) was a Latvian-American mathematician, born in Riga, who created the theory of pseudoanalytic functions and worked on Riemann surfaces and Kleinian groups. He was also known for his work in human rights activism.Bers was born in Riga, then under the rule of the Russian Czars, and spent several years as a child in Saint Petersburg; his family returned to Riga in approximately 1919, by which time it was part of independent Latvia. In Riga, his mother was the principal of a Jewish elementary school, and his father became the principal of a Jewish high school, both of which Bers attended, with an interlude in Berlin while his mother, by then separated from his father, attended the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute. After high school, Bers studied at the University of Zurich for a year, but had to return to Riga again because of the difficulty of transferring money from Latvia in the international financial crisis of the time. He continued his studies at the University of Riga, where he became active in socialist politics, including giving political speeches and working for an underground newspaper. In the aftermath of the Latvian coup in 1934 by right-wing leader Kārlis Ulmanis, Bers was targeted for arrest but fled the country, first to Estonia and then to Czechoslovakia.Bers received his Ph.D. in 1938 from the University of Prague. He had begun his studies in Prague with Rudolf Carnap, but when Carnap moved to the US he switched to Charles Loewner, who would eventually become his thesis advisor. In Prague, he lived with an aunt, and married his wife Mary (née Kagan) whom he had met in elementary school and who had followed him from Riga. Having applied for postdoctoral studies in Paris, he was given a visa to go to France soon after the Munich Agreement, in which Nazi Germany annexed Czechoslovakia. He and his wife Mary had a daughter in Paris. They were unable to obtain a visa there to emigrate to the US, as the Latvian quota had filled, so they escaped to the south of France ten days before the fall of Paris, and eventually obtained an emergency US visa in Marseilles, one of a group of 10,000 visas set aside for political refugees by Eleanor Roosevelt. The Bers family rejoined Bers' mother, who had by then moved to New York City and become a psychoanalyst, married to thespian Beno Tumarin. At this time, Bers worked for the YIVO Yiddish research agency.Bers spent World War II teaching mathematics as a research associate at Brown University, where he was joined by Loewner. After the war, Bers found an assistant professorship at Syracuse University (1945–1951), before moving to New York University (1951–1964) and then Columbia University (1964–1982), where he became the Davies Professor of Mathematics, and where he chaired the mathematics department from 1972 to 1975. His move to NYU coincided with a move of his family to New Rochelle, New York, where he joined a small community of émigré mathematicians. He was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study in 1949–51. He was a Vice-President (1963–65) and a President (1975–77) of the American Mathematical Society, chaired the Division of Mathematical Sciences of the United States National Research Council from 1969 to 1971, chaired the U.S. National Committee on Mathematics from 1977 to 1981, and chaired the Mathematics Section of the National Academy of Sciences from 1967 to 1970.Late in his life, Bers suffered from Parkinson's disease and strokes. He died on October 29, 1993.Bers' doctoral work was on the subject of potential theory. While in Paris, he worked on Green's function and on integral representations. After first moving to the US, while working for YIVO, he researched Yiddish mathematics textbooks rather than pure mathematics.At Brown, he began working on problems of fluid dynamics, and in particular on the two-dimensional subsonic flows associated with cross-sections of airfoils. At this time, he began his work with Abe Gelbart on what would eventually develop into the theory of pseudoanalytic functions. Through the 1940s and 1950s he continued to develop this theory, and to use it to study the planar elliptic partial differential equations associated with subsonic flows. Another of his major results in this time concerned the singularities of the partial differential equations defining minimal surfaces. Bers proved an extension of Riemann's theorem on removable singularities, showing that any isolated singularity of a pencil of minimal surfaces can be removed; he spoke on this result at the 1950 International Congress of Mathematicians and published it in "Annals of Mathematics".Later, beginning with his visit to the Institute for Advanced Study, Bers "begana ten-year odyssey that took him from pseudoanalytic functions and elliptic equations to quasiconformal mappings, Teichmüller theory, andKleinian groups". With Lars Ahlfors, he solved the "moduli problem", of finding a holomorphic parameterization of the Teichmüller space, each point of which represents a compact Riemann surface of a given genus. During this period he also coined the popular phrasing of a question on eigenvalues of planar domains, "Can one hear the shape of a drum?", used as an article title by Mark Kac in 1966 and finally answered negatively in 1992 by an academic descendant of Bers. In the late 1950s, by way of adding a coda to his earlier work, Bers wrote several major retrospectives of flows, pseudoanalytic functions, fixed point methods, Riemann surface theory prior to his work on moduli, and the theory of several complex variables. In 1958, he presented his work on Riemann surfaces in a second talk at the International Congress of Mathematicians.Bers' work on the parameterization of Teichmüller space led him in the 1960s to consider the boundary of the parameterized space, whose points corresponded to new types of Kleinian groups, eventually to be called singly-degenerate Kleinian groups. He applied Eichler cohomology, previously developed for applications in number theory and the theory of Lie groups, to Kleinian groups. He proved the Bers area inequality, an area bound for hyperbolic surfaces that became a two-dimensional precursor to William Thurston's work on geometrization of 3-manifolds and 3-manifold volume, and in this period Bers himself also studied the continuous symmetries of hyperbolic 3-space.Quasi-Fuchsian groups may be mapped to a pair of Riemann surfaces by taking the quotient by the group of one of the two connected components of the complement of the group's limit set; fixing the image of one of these two maps leads to a subset of the space of Kleinian groups called a Bers slice. In 1970, Bers conjectured that the singly degenerate Kleinian surface groups can be found on the boundary of a Bers slice; this statement, known as the Bers density conjecture, was finally proven by Namazi, Souto, and Ohshika in 2010 and 2011. The Bers compactification of Teichmüller space also dates to this period.Over the course of his career, Bers advised approximately 50 doctoral students, among them Enrico Arbarello, Irwin Kra, Linda Keen, Murray H. Protter, and Lesley Sibner. Approximately a third of Bers' doctoral students were women, a high proportion for mathematics. Having felt neglected by his own advisor, Bers met regularly for meals with his students and former students, maintained a keen interest in their personal lives as well as their professional accomplishments, and kept up a friendly competition with Lars Ahlfors over who could bring to larger number of academic descendants to mathematical gatherings.As a small child with his mother in Saint Petersburg, Bers had cheered the Russian Revolution and the rise of the Soviet Union, but by the late 1930s he had become disillusioned with communism after the assassination of Sergey Kirov and Stalin's ensuing purges. His son Victor later said that "His experiences in Europe motivated his activism in the human rights movement," and Bers himself attributed his interest in human rights to the legacy of Menshevik leader Julius Martov. He founded the Committee on Human Rights of the National Academy of Sciences, and beginning in the 1970s worked to allow the emigration of dissident soviet mathematicians including Yuri Shikhanovich, Leonid Plyushch, Valentin Turchin, and David and Gregory Chudnovsky. Within the U.S., he also opposed the American involvement in the Vietnam War and southeast Asia, and the maintenance of the U.S. nuclear arsenal during the Cold War.In 1961, Bers was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and in 1965 he became a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He joined the National Academy of Sciences in 1964. He was a member of the Finnish Academy of Sciences, and the American Philosophical Society. He received the AMS Leroy P. Steele Prize for mathematical exposition in 1975 for his paper "Uniformization, moduli, and Kleinian groups". In 1986, the New York Academy of Sciences gave him their Human Rights Award. In the early 1980s, the Association for Women in Mathematics held a symposium to honor Bers' accomplishments in mentoring women mathematicians.
|
[
"Syracuse University",
"Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences",
"Institute for Advanced Study",
"Brown University"
] |
|
Which political party did Adrian Năstase belong to in Nov, 1992?
|
November 22, 1992
|
{
"text": [
"Democratic National Salvation Front"
]
}
|
L2_Q271966_P102_0
|
Adrian Năstase is a member of the Democratic National Salvation Front from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1993.
Adrian Năstase is a member of the Social Democracy Party of Romania from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 2001.
Adrian Năstase is a member of the Social Democratic Party from Jan, 2001 to Dec, 2022.
|
Adrian NăstaseAdrian Năstase (; born 22 June 1950) is a former Romanian politician who was the Prime Minister of Romania from December 2000 to December 2004.He competed in the 2004 presidential election as the Social Democratic Party (PSD) candidate, but was defeated by the centre-right Justice and Truth Alliance (DA) candidate Traian Băsescu.He was the President of the Chamber of Deputies from 21 December 2004 until 15 March 2006, when he resigned due to corruption charges. Sentenced to two years in prison in July 2012, he attempted suicide before beginning his term in the penitentiary. Released in March 2013, he was sentenced to four years in another case in January 2014, but released that August.Năstase was born in Bucharest to a family that originated from Hanul de Pământ village, Tărtășești commune, Dâmbovița County. His father, Marian Năstase, was an officer of the Royal Romanian Army. His mother is named Elena and he has a sister, Dana Barb ("née" Năstase).Adrian Năstase finished high school at Nicolae Bălcescu High School (now Saint Sava National College) and then graduated from the University of Bucharest, receiving degrees from both the Department of Law and the Department of Sociology. He worked at various times as a professor, judge, and as president of several organizations involved with law and international relations.On 31 July 1985, he married Dana Miculescu, the daughter of . They have two sons, Andrei (b. 12 February 1986) and Mihnea (b. 23 June 1993).Năstase was first elected to the Chamber of Deputies of Romania as member of the National Salvation Front party on 9 June 1990 and served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs in the governments of Petre Roman and Theodor Stolojan (28 June 1990 – 16 October 1992).In 1992, he was re-elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a member of the Democratic National Salvation Front (FDSN) and served as the President of the Chamber of Deputies. Between 1993 and 1997, he was also the executive president of the Party of Social Democracy in Romania (PDSR, formerly the FDSN).When the PDSR lost the 1996 elections, Năstase became leader of the opposition PDSR parliamentary group, vice-president of Chamber of Deputies, and member of Standing Bureau and Member of the Romanian delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe where he was the Recording Secretary of Council of Europe commission on judicial problems and human rights with reference to illegal activities by religious sects.After the victory of the PDSR in the 2000 legislative elections and the re-election of Ion Iliescu as president of Romania, Năstase was elected president of the PDSR, which soon changed its name to the Social Democratic Party (PSD) after merging with another party. Năstase remained PSD president until April 2005 when he was replaced by former foreign minister Mircea Geoană at a party congress. At the same congress, Năstase was elected to be PSD executive president, the second most senior position in the party.Năstase was confirmed by the Parliament as Prime Minister on 28 December 2000, following his appointment to the position in days before by President Ion Iliescu. He held the position concurrently with his leadership of the PSD. His four years as Prime Minister were characterized by unprecedented political stability in post-communist Romania, continuous economic growth, and a foreign policy strongly oriented toward the West, although during 2001, the press and some of the political opposition questioned this in light of his close association with former Securitate agent Ristea Priboi. Romania joined NATO, and committed Romanian troops in support of international efforts in the Balkans, Afghanistan, and Iraq.His government completed accession negotiations with the European Union (EU) and aggressively passed legislation and implemented a number of reforms required for EU accession, which was subsequently completed with the 2007 enlargement of the European Union. His government successfully negotiated the lifting of visa restrictions on Romanians traveling to EU Schengen treaty countries.Inflation decreased and the Romanian leu became stronger. However, critics pointed out that this was at least partially due to an influx of foreign currency into Romania from the estimated two million Romanians working abroad. GDP also grew substantially during each year of his term, with a growth of 8.3% achieved in 2004, the highest in the region. Average wages similarly grew, although they did not match the pace of economic growth. For example, in 2004 wages grew by 10.4%, with a 9.2% inflation rate, thereby leading to a real wage growth of 1.2%, in a year when GDP grew by 7%.The Năstase government did not make substantial inroads on a number of important issues in Romanian society, such as agricultural policy: about 42% of Romanians continued to work in agriculture (compared to 3% of French and 19% of Poles). Critics also pointed out that economic growth was not evenly distributed among the social classes, and the percentage of people living below the poverty level remained high, especially in the rural areas.Although the government took initial steps toward meaningful judicial reform, the government was repeatedly criticized, including by the EU, for failing to combat substantially widespread corruption, including at the highest levels.In 2002, Năstase was appointed a Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Romania, which was revoked in December 2019 because of his double criminal indictment.The 2004 presidential election cycle marked the end of the second term of President Ion Iliescu, who, according to the constitution, could not serve another term. The PSD selected Năstase to be its presidential candidate. His running mate (selected to be prime minister in the event of a Năstase win) was then Foreign Minister Mircea Geoană.Throughout the autumn of 2004, opinion polls predicted Năstase would win, boosted in areas and among sectors where the PSD traditionally received strong support: in rural areas, in small and medium-sized towns in the south and east of the country, and among pensioners and labor groups. The PSD, which remained by far the largest single political party in the country, was also expected to rely on its network of local party organizations to ensure voters came to the polls.Năstase was ahead by a substantial margin during 28 November first round of the presidential elections, although he received less than 50 percent of the vote, and therefore was required to compete in a 12 December run-off election against second place center-right Justice and Truth Alliance (DA) candidate Traian Băsescu. Independent civil society organizations alleged incidents of fraud in Năstase's favor during the first round of the elections, including alleged multiple voting by PSD supporters as a result of poor controls on voter identification and flaws in the electronic vote tabulation.At the time the polls closed on the evening of the run-off election, major media outlets released the results of exit polls showing a tie between Năstase and Băsescu. Nonetheless, Băsescu and his supporters interpreted the results as clear indication of a victory. Tens of thousands of Băsescu's supporters converged on University Square in the center of Bucharest, and in other parts of the country, to celebrate his presumed victory. The next morning, authorities released figures confirming Băsescu's win. Năstase received only 48.77% of the total vote.Năstase later attributed his surprise defeat to a number of factors, including what he characterized as a failure of Humanist Party (PC) politicians to campaign on his behalf (the Humanist Party had an electoral pact with the PSD at that time); and the endorsement of Băsescu by Greater Romania Party (PRM) leader Corneliu Vadim Tudor. Other likely factors include Băsescu's strong performance during the second presidential debate, as well as persistent allegations of corruption against Năstase and the PSD.Despite Năstase's presidential defeat, the PSD still won the largest bloc of seats in the Parliament in the concurrent legislative elections. Following the elections and in the interim period before Băsescu's DA Alliance was able to form a coalition majority, the PSD succeeded in obtaining sufficient support within the parliament to elect Năstase as president of the Chamber of Deputies. Former PSD Prime Minister Nicolae Văcăroiu was elected president of the Senate in the same circumstances. Năstase resigned as Prime Minister the day after Băsescu's inauguration. Later on, at the request of Cozmin Gușă, the campaign manager of Traian Băsescu, who resigned from Băsescu's party after he got elected, requested the release of the official results regarding the alleged fraud of the 2004 elections. The investigation concluded that there were no hard evidence of this fraud and that the elected president, Traian Băsescu, had no proofs to make that statement. The accusation of stealing the elections heavily helped Băsescu win the elections, some political analysts argue.On 30 January 2012, the courts gave Năstase a two-year prison sentence for misuse of a publicly funded conference to raise cash for his unsuccessful campaign in 2004. Năstase claimed the sentence was influenced by rival politician Traian Băsescu, at the time President of Romania, and indicated that if necessary, he would take his case to the European Court of Human Rights. Responding to the allegations, Băsescu denied the charges were political in nature and claimed they stemmed from denunciations made by members of Năstase's party.Adrian Năstase was convicted of corruption charges on 20 June 2012 and sentenced to a 2-year imprisonment term. At the time when the sentence was pronounced, he was the only head of government sentenced to prison in the 23 years following the Romanian Revolution.When the police arrived at his home to arrest Năstase, he shot himself in the throat in an apparent suicide attempt and was taken to a hospital. Many people now believe that this apparent suicide was in fact a final botched attempt on his part to evade justice. On that night he was removed by ambulance with a Burberry scarf draped about his neck thus hiding any evidence of serious injury from gathered reporters. After receiving treatment during a six-day period, he was moved to Rahova prison and then transferred to Jilava prison on medical grounds, to be treated for his diabetes and heart condition.In January 2014, the Romanian Supreme Court sentenced him to a four-year prison sentence for taking bribes and a three-year prison sentence for blackmail, to run concurrently. As a result, Năstase lost his status as a professor.Năstase has published over 150 pieces on International law in Romanian and foreign journals, and has held over 140 talks at international meetings; publications include:
|
[
"Social Democratic Party",
"Social Democracy Party of Romania"
] |
|
Which political party did Adrian Năstase belong to in Nov, 2000?
|
November 14, 2000
|
{
"text": [
"Social Democracy Party of Romania"
]
}
|
L2_Q271966_P102_1
|
Adrian Năstase is a member of the Social Democratic Party from Jan, 2001 to Dec, 2022.
Adrian Năstase is a member of the Social Democracy Party of Romania from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 2001.
Adrian Năstase is a member of the Democratic National Salvation Front from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1993.
|
Adrian NăstaseAdrian Năstase (; born 22 June 1950) is a former Romanian politician who was the Prime Minister of Romania from December 2000 to December 2004.He competed in the 2004 presidential election as the Social Democratic Party (PSD) candidate, but was defeated by the centre-right Justice and Truth Alliance (DA) candidate Traian Băsescu.He was the President of the Chamber of Deputies from 21 December 2004 until 15 March 2006, when he resigned due to corruption charges. Sentenced to two years in prison in July 2012, he attempted suicide before beginning his term in the penitentiary. Released in March 2013, he was sentenced to four years in another case in January 2014, but released that August.Năstase was born in Bucharest to a family that originated from Hanul de Pământ village, Tărtășești commune, Dâmbovița County. His father, Marian Năstase, was an officer of the Royal Romanian Army. His mother is named Elena and he has a sister, Dana Barb ("née" Năstase).Adrian Năstase finished high school at Nicolae Bălcescu High School (now Saint Sava National College) and then graduated from the University of Bucharest, receiving degrees from both the Department of Law and the Department of Sociology. He worked at various times as a professor, judge, and as president of several organizations involved with law and international relations.On 31 July 1985, he married Dana Miculescu, the daughter of . They have two sons, Andrei (b. 12 February 1986) and Mihnea (b. 23 June 1993).Năstase was first elected to the Chamber of Deputies of Romania as member of the National Salvation Front party on 9 June 1990 and served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs in the governments of Petre Roman and Theodor Stolojan (28 June 1990 – 16 October 1992).In 1992, he was re-elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a member of the Democratic National Salvation Front (FDSN) and served as the President of the Chamber of Deputies. Between 1993 and 1997, he was also the executive president of the Party of Social Democracy in Romania (PDSR, formerly the FDSN).When the PDSR lost the 1996 elections, Năstase became leader of the opposition PDSR parliamentary group, vice-president of Chamber of Deputies, and member of Standing Bureau and Member of the Romanian delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe where he was the Recording Secretary of Council of Europe commission on judicial problems and human rights with reference to illegal activities by religious sects.After the victory of the PDSR in the 2000 legislative elections and the re-election of Ion Iliescu as president of Romania, Năstase was elected president of the PDSR, which soon changed its name to the Social Democratic Party (PSD) after merging with another party. Năstase remained PSD president until April 2005 when he was replaced by former foreign minister Mircea Geoană at a party congress. At the same congress, Năstase was elected to be PSD executive president, the second most senior position in the party.Năstase was confirmed by the Parliament as Prime Minister on 28 December 2000, following his appointment to the position in days before by President Ion Iliescu. He held the position concurrently with his leadership of the PSD. His four years as Prime Minister were characterized by unprecedented political stability in post-communist Romania, continuous economic growth, and a foreign policy strongly oriented toward the West, although during 2001, the press and some of the political opposition questioned this in light of his close association with former Securitate agent Ristea Priboi. Romania joined NATO, and committed Romanian troops in support of international efforts in the Balkans, Afghanistan, and Iraq.His government completed accession negotiations with the European Union (EU) and aggressively passed legislation and implemented a number of reforms required for EU accession, which was subsequently completed with the 2007 enlargement of the European Union. His government successfully negotiated the lifting of visa restrictions on Romanians traveling to EU Schengen treaty countries.Inflation decreased and the Romanian leu became stronger. However, critics pointed out that this was at least partially due to an influx of foreign currency into Romania from the estimated two million Romanians working abroad. GDP also grew substantially during each year of his term, with a growth of 8.3% achieved in 2004, the highest in the region. Average wages similarly grew, although they did not match the pace of economic growth. For example, in 2004 wages grew by 10.4%, with a 9.2% inflation rate, thereby leading to a real wage growth of 1.2%, in a year when GDP grew by 7%.The Năstase government did not make substantial inroads on a number of important issues in Romanian society, such as agricultural policy: about 42% of Romanians continued to work in agriculture (compared to 3% of French and 19% of Poles). Critics also pointed out that economic growth was not evenly distributed among the social classes, and the percentage of people living below the poverty level remained high, especially in the rural areas.Although the government took initial steps toward meaningful judicial reform, the government was repeatedly criticized, including by the EU, for failing to combat substantially widespread corruption, including at the highest levels.In 2002, Năstase was appointed a Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Romania, which was revoked in December 2019 because of his double criminal indictment.The 2004 presidential election cycle marked the end of the second term of President Ion Iliescu, who, according to the constitution, could not serve another term. The PSD selected Năstase to be its presidential candidate. His running mate (selected to be prime minister in the event of a Năstase win) was then Foreign Minister Mircea Geoană.Throughout the autumn of 2004, opinion polls predicted Năstase would win, boosted in areas and among sectors where the PSD traditionally received strong support: in rural areas, in small and medium-sized towns in the south and east of the country, and among pensioners and labor groups. The PSD, which remained by far the largest single political party in the country, was also expected to rely on its network of local party organizations to ensure voters came to the polls.Năstase was ahead by a substantial margin during 28 November first round of the presidential elections, although he received less than 50 percent of the vote, and therefore was required to compete in a 12 December run-off election against second place center-right Justice and Truth Alliance (DA) candidate Traian Băsescu. Independent civil society organizations alleged incidents of fraud in Năstase's favor during the first round of the elections, including alleged multiple voting by PSD supporters as a result of poor controls on voter identification and flaws in the electronic vote tabulation.At the time the polls closed on the evening of the run-off election, major media outlets released the results of exit polls showing a tie between Năstase and Băsescu. Nonetheless, Băsescu and his supporters interpreted the results as clear indication of a victory. Tens of thousands of Băsescu's supporters converged on University Square in the center of Bucharest, and in other parts of the country, to celebrate his presumed victory. The next morning, authorities released figures confirming Băsescu's win. Năstase received only 48.77% of the total vote.Năstase later attributed his surprise defeat to a number of factors, including what he characterized as a failure of Humanist Party (PC) politicians to campaign on his behalf (the Humanist Party had an electoral pact with the PSD at that time); and the endorsement of Băsescu by Greater Romania Party (PRM) leader Corneliu Vadim Tudor. Other likely factors include Băsescu's strong performance during the second presidential debate, as well as persistent allegations of corruption against Năstase and the PSD.Despite Năstase's presidential defeat, the PSD still won the largest bloc of seats in the Parliament in the concurrent legislative elections. Following the elections and in the interim period before Băsescu's DA Alliance was able to form a coalition majority, the PSD succeeded in obtaining sufficient support within the parliament to elect Năstase as president of the Chamber of Deputies. Former PSD Prime Minister Nicolae Văcăroiu was elected president of the Senate in the same circumstances. Năstase resigned as Prime Minister the day after Băsescu's inauguration. Later on, at the request of Cozmin Gușă, the campaign manager of Traian Băsescu, who resigned from Băsescu's party after he got elected, requested the release of the official results regarding the alleged fraud of the 2004 elections. The investigation concluded that there were no hard evidence of this fraud and that the elected president, Traian Băsescu, had no proofs to make that statement. The accusation of stealing the elections heavily helped Băsescu win the elections, some political analysts argue.On 30 January 2012, the courts gave Năstase a two-year prison sentence for misuse of a publicly funded conference to raise cash for his unsuccessful campaign in 2004. Năstase claimed the sentence was influenced by rival politician Traian Băsescu, at the time President of Romania, and indicated that if necessary, he would take his case to the European Court of Human Rights. Responding to the allegations, Băsescu denied the charges were political in nature and claimed they stemmed from denunciations made by members of Năstase's party.Adrian Năstase was convicted of corruption charges on 20 June 2012 and sentenced to a 2-year imprisonment term. At the time when the sentence was pronounced, he was the only head of government sentenced to prison in the 23 years following the Romanian Revolution.When the police arrived at his home to arrest Năstase, he shot himself in the throat in an apparent suicide attempt and was taken to a hospital. Many people now believe that this apparent suicide was in fact a final botched attempt on his part to evade justice. On that night he was removed by ambulance with a Burberry scarf draped about his neck thus hiding any evidence of serious injury from gathered reporters. After receiving treatment during a six-day period, he was moved to Rahova prison and then transferred to Jilava prison on medical grounds, to be treated for his diabetes and heart condition.In January 2014, the Romanian Supreme Court sentenced him to a four-year prison sentence for taking bribes and a three-year prison sentence for blackmail, to run concurrently. As a result, Năstase lost his status as a professor.Năstase has published over 150 pieces on International law in Romanian and foreign journals, and has held over 140 talks at international meetings; publications include:
|
[
"Social Democratic Party",
"Democratic National Salvation Front"
] |
|
Which political party did Adrian Năstase belong to in Aug, 2006?
|
August 16, 2006
|
{
"text": [
"Social Democratic Party"
]
}
|
L2_Q271966_P102_2
|
Adrian Năstase is a member of the Social Democracy Party of Romania from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 2001.
Adrian Năstase is a member of the Social Democratic Party from Jan, 2001 to Dec, 2022.
Adrian Năstase is a member of the Democratic National Salvation Front from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1993.
|
Adrian NăstaseAdrian Năstase (; born 22 June 1950) is a former Romanian politician who was the Prime Minister of Romania from December 2000 to December 2004.He competed in the 2004 presidential election as the Social Democratic Party (PSD) candidate, but was defeated by the centre-right Justice and Truth Alliance (DA) candidate Traian Băsescu.He was the President of the Chamber of Deputies from 21 December 2004 until 15 March 2006, when he resigned due to corruption charges. Sentenced to two years in prison in July 2012, he attempted suicide before beginning his term in the penitentiary. Released in March 2013, he was sentenced to four years in another case in January 2014, but released that August.Năstase was born in Bucharest to a family that originated from Hanul de Pământ village, Tărtășești commune, Dâmbovița County. His father, Marian Năstase, was an officer of the Royal Romanian Army. His mother is named Elena and he has a sister, Dana Barb ("née" Năstase).Adrian Năstase finished high school at Nicolae Bălcescu High School (now Saint Sava National College) and then graduated from the University of Bucharest, receiving degrees from both the Department of Law and the Department of Sociology. He worked at various times as a professor, judge, and as president of several organizations involved with law and international relations.On 31 July 1985, he married Dana Miculescu, the daughter of . They have two sons, Andrei (b. 12 February 1986) and Mihnea (b. 23 June 1993).Năstase was first elected to the Chamber of Deputies of Romania as member of the National Salvation Front party on 9 June 1990 and served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs in the governments of Petre Roman and Theodor Stolojan (28 June 1990 – 16 October 1992).In 1992, he was re-elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a member of the Democratic National Salvation Front (FDSN) and served as the President of the Chamber of Deputies. Between 1993 and 1997, he was also the executive president of the Party of Social Democracy in Romania (PDSR, formerly the FDSN).When the PDSR lost the 1996 elections, Năstase became leader of the opposition PDSR parliamentary group, vice-president of Chamber of Deputies, and member of Standing Bureau and Member of the Romanian delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe where he was the Recording Secretary of Council of Europe commission on judicial problems and human rights with reference to illegal activities by religious sects.After the victory of the PDSR in the 2000 legislative elections and the re-election of Ion Iliescu as president of Romania, Năstase was elected president of the PDSR, which soon changed its name to the Social Democratic Party (PSD) after merging with another party. Năstase remained PSD president until April 2005 when he was replaced by former foreign minister Mircea Geoană at a party congress. At the same congress, Năstase was elected to be PSD executive president, the second most senior position in the party.Năstase was confirmed by the Parliament as Prime Minister on 28 December 2000, following his appointment to the position in days before by President Ion Iliescu. He held the position concurrently with his leadership of the PSD. His four years as Prime Minister were characterized by unprecedented political stability in post-communist Romania, continuous economic growth, and a foreign policy strongly oriented toward the West, although during 2001, the press and some of the political opposition questioned this in light of his close association with former Securitate agent Ristea Priboi. Romania joined NATO, and committed Romanian troops in support of international efforts in the Balkans, Afghanistan, and Iraq.His government completed accession negotiations with the European Union (EU) and aggressively passed legislation and implemented a number of reforms required for EU accession, which was subsequently completed with the 2007 enlargement of the European Union. His government successfully negotiated the lifting of visa restrictions on Romanians traveling to EU Schengen treaty countries.Inflation decreased and the Romanian leu became stronger. However, critics pointed out that this was at least partially due to an influx of foreign currency into Romania from the estimated two million Romanians working abroad. GDP also grew substantially during each year of his term, with a growth of 8.3% achieved in 2004, the highest in the region. Average wages similarly grew, although they did not match the pace of economic growth. For example, in 2004 wages grew by 10.4%, with a 9.2% inflation rate, thereby leading to a real wage growth of 1.2%, in a year when GDP grew by 7%.The Năstase government did not make substantial inroads on a number of important issues in Romanian society, such as agricultural policy: about 42% of Romanians continued to work in agriculture (compared to 3% of French and 19% of Poles). Critics also pointed out that economic growth was not evenly distributed among the social classes, and the percentage of people living below the poverty level remained high, especially in the rural areas.Although the government took initial steps toward meaningful judicial reform, the government was repeatedly criticized, including by the EU, for failing to combat substantially widespread corruption, including at the highest levels.In 2002, Năstase was appointed a Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Romania, which was revoked in December 2019 because of his double criminal indictment.The 2004 presidential election cycle marked the end of the second term of President Ion Iliescu, who, according to the constitution, could not serve another term. The PSD selected Năstase to be its presidential candidate. His running mate (selected to be prime minister in the event of a Năstase win) was then Foreign Minister Mircea Geoană.Throughout the autumn of 2004, opinion polls predicted Năstase would win, boosted in areas and among sectors where the PSD traditionally received strong support: in rural areas, in small and medium-sized towns in the south and east of the country, and among pensioners and labor groups. The PSD, which remained by far the largest single political party in the country, was also expected to rely on its network of local party organizations to ensure voters came to the polls.Năstase was ahead by a substantial margin during 28 November first round of the presidential elections, although he received less than 50 percent of the vote, and therefore was required to compete in a 12 December run-off election against second place center-right Justice and Truth Alliance (DA) candidate Traian Băsescu. Independent civil society organizations alleged incidents of fraud in Năstase's favor during the first round of the elections, including alleged multiple voting by PSD supporters as a result of poor controls on voter identification and flaws in the electronic vote tabulation.At the time the polls closed on the evening of the run-off election, major media outlets released the results of exit polls showing a tie between Năstase and Băsescu. Nonetheless, Băsescu and his supporters interpreted the results as clear indication of a victory. Tens of thousands of Băsescu's supporters converged on University Square in the center of Bucharest, and in other parts of the country, to celebrate his presumed victory. The next morning, authorities released figures confirming Băsescu's win. Năstase received only 48.77% of the total vote.Năstase later attributed his surprise defeat to a number of factors, including what he characterized as a failure of Humanist Party (PC) politicians to campaign on his behalf (the Humanist Party had an electoral pact with the PSD at that time); and the endorsement of Băsescu by Greater Romania Party (PRM) leader Corneliu Vadim Tudor. Other likely factors include Băsescu's strong performance during the second presidential debate, as well as persistent allegations of corruption against Năstase and the PSD.Despite Năstase's presidential defeat, the PSD still won the largest bloc of seats in the Parliament in the concurrent legislative elections. Following the elections and in the interim period before Băsescu's DA Alliance was able to form a coalition majority, the PSD succeeded in obtaining sufficient support within the parliament to elect Năstase as president of the Chamber of Deputies. Former PSD Prime Minister Nicolae Văcăroiu was elected president of the Senate in the same circumstances. Năstase resigned as Prime Minister the day after Băsescu's inauguration. Later on, at the request of Cozmin Gușă, the campaign manager of Traian Băsescu, who resigned from Băsescu's party after he got elected, requested the release of the official results regarding the alleged fraud of the 2004 elections. The investigation concluded that there were no hard evidence of this fraud and that the elected president, Traian Băsescu, had no proofs to make that statement. The accusation of stealing the elections heavily helped Băsescu win the elections, some political analysts argue.On 30 January 2012, the courts gave Năstase a two-year prison sentence for misuse of a publicly funded conference to raise cash for his unsuccessful campaign in 2004. Năstase claimed the sentence was influenced by rival politician Traian Băsescu, at the time President of Romania, and indicated that if necessary, he would take his case to the European Court of Human Rights. Responding to the allegations, Băsescu denied the charges were political in nature and claimed they stemmed from denunciations made by members of Năstase's party.Adrian Năstase was convicted of corruption charges on 20 June 2012 and sentenced to a 2-year imprisonment term. At the time when the sentence was pronounced, he was the only head of government sentenced to prison in the 23 years following the Romanian Revolution.When the police arrived at his home to arrest Năstase, he shot himself in the throat in an apparent suicide attempt and was taken to a hospital. Many people now believe that this apparent suicide was in fact a final botched attempt on his part to evade justice. On that night he was removed by ambulance with a Burberry scarf draped about his neck thus hiding any evidence of serious injury from gathered reporters. After receiving treatment during a six-day period, he was moved to Rahova prison and then transferred to Jilava prison on medical grounds, to be treated for his diabetes and heart condition.In January 2014, the Romanian Supreme Court sentenced him to a four-year prison sentence for taking bribes and a three-year prison sentence for blackmail, to run concurrently. As a result, Năstase lost his status as a professor.Năstase has published over 150 pieces on International law in Romanian and foreign journals, and has held over 140 talks at international meetings; publications include:
|
[
"Democratic National Salvation Front",
"Social Democracy Party of Romania"
] |
|
Who was the owner of Charlotte Hornets in Oct, 1989?
|
October 22, 1989
|
{
"text": [
"George Shinn"
]
}
|
L2_Q163480_P127_0
|
Charlotte Hornets is owned by George Shinn from Jan, 1988 to Jan, 2002.
Charlotte Hornets is owned by Michael Jordan from Jan, 2010 to Dec, 2022.
Charlotte Hornets is owned by Robert L. Johnson from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2010.
|
Charlotte HornetsThe Charlotte Hornets are an American professional basketball team based in Charlotte, North Carolina. The Hornets compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA), as a member of the league's Eastern Conference Southeast Division. The team is mainly owned by Basketball Hall-of-Fame member Michael Jordan, who acquired a controlling interest in the team in 2010. The Hornets play their home games at the Spectrum Center in Uptown Charlotte.The original Hornets franchise was established in 1988 as an expansion team, owned by George Shinn. In 2002, Shinn's franchise relocated to New Orleans and became the New Orleans Hornets. In 2004, the NBA established the Charlotte Bobcats, which was regarded as a new expansion team at the time. In 2014, the Bobcats were renamed Charlotte Hornets, and acquired official history and records of the original Hornets (spanning from 1988 to 2002) from New Orleans' team.In 1985, the NBA was planning to expand by three teams by the 1988–1989 season, later modified to include a total of four expansion teams. George Shinn, an entrepreneur from Kannapolis, wanted to bring an NBA team to the Charlotte area, and he assembled a group of prominent local businessmen to head the prospective franchise. The Charlotte area had long been a hotbed for college basketball. Charlotte was also one of the fastest-growing cities in the United States, and was previously one of the three in-state regional homes to the American Basketball Association's Carolina Cougars from 1969 to 1974.Despite doubt from critics, Shinn's ace in the hole was the Charlotte Coliseum, a state-of-the-art arena that would seat almost 24,000 spectators – the largest basketball-specific arena ever to serve as a full-time home for an NBA team. On April 5, 1987, then-NBA Commissioner David Stern called Shinn to tell him his group had been awarded the 24th NBA franchise, to begin play in 1988. Franchises were also granted to Miami, Minneapolis-Saint Paul, and Orlando.Originally, the new team was going to be called the "Charlotte Spirit", but a name-the-team contest yielded "Hornets" as the winning choice. The team received further attention when it chose teal as its primary color, setting off a sports fashion craze in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The team's uniforms, designed by international designer and North Carolina native Alexander Julian, featured a first for NBA uniforms—pin stripes. Similar designs by other teams followed, as they became a hit.Shinn hired Carl Scheer as the team's first President and General Manager. Scheer preferred a roster of veteran players, hoping to put together a competitive team as soon as possible. Former college coach and veteran NBA assistant Dick Harter was hired as the team's first head coach. In 1988, the Hornets and the Miami Heat were part of the 1988 NBA Expansion Draft. Unlike many expansion franchises that invest in the future with a team composed entirely of young players, Charlotte stocked its inaugural roster with several veterans in hopes of putting a competitive lineup on the court right away. The team also had three draft picks at the 1988 NBA draft.The Hornets' first NBA game took place on November 4, 1988, at the Charlotte Coliseum, losing 133–93 to the Cleveland Cavaliers. Four days later, the team notched its first-ever victory over the Los Angeles Clippers, 117–105. On December 23, 1988, the Hornets really gave their fans something to cheer about, beating Michael Jordan and the Chicago Bulls 103–101 in Jordan's first return to North Carolina as a professional. The Hornets finished their inaugural season with a record of 20–62. Scheer left prior to the 1989–90 season.Despite initial concerns that the Coliseum was too big, the Hornets were a runaway hit, leading the NBA in attendance, a feat they would achieve seven more times in Charlotte. Eventually, the Hornets would sell out 364 consecutive games.The Hornets' second season was a struggle from start to finish. Members of the team rebelled against Dick Harter's defense-oriented style, and he was replaced mid-season by assistant Gene Littles following an 8–32 start. Despite the change, the team continued to struggle, finishing the season with a disappointing 19–63 record.The team showed improvement during the following season. They won eight of their first fifteen games, including a 120–105 victory over the Washington Bullets. However, the team went cold, losing their next eleven games. The Hornets, who hosted the 1991 NBA All-Star Game, finished with a 26–56 record. Despite the team's seven-game improvement over the previous season, Gene Littles was fired at the end of the season and replaced by general manager Allan Bristow.With the first pick in the 1991 NBA draft, the Hornets drafted power forward Larry Johnson from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Johnson had an impact season, finishing among the league leaders in points and rebounds, and winning the 1992 NBA Rookie of the Year Award. Additionally, Guard Kendall Gill led the club in scoring, averaging over 20 points per game. The team stayed in contention for a playoff spot until March, but finished the year with a 31–51 record.The Hornets were in the lottery again in 1992 and won the second overall pick in the draft, using it to select Georgetown center Alonzo Mourning. Charlotte now had two 20–10 threats in Johnson and Mourning, who with Kendall Gill, formed perhaps the league's top young trio. The team finished their fifth season at 44–38, their first-ever winning record and good enough for the first playoff berth in franchise history. Finishing fifth in the Eastern Conference, the Hornets upset the Boston Celtics in the first round, with Mourning winning the series with a 20-footer in game four. However, the Hornets lacked the experience and depth to defeat the New York Knicks, falling in five games in the second round.The Hornets finished the 1993–94 season with a 41–41 record, narrowly missing the playoffs. Despite injuries to both Johnson and Mourning, the two led the team in points-per-game.In the 1994–95 season, the Hornets finished with a 50–32 record, returning to the playoffs. Johnson and Mourning again led the team in points-per-game, while also leading the club in rebounding. However, Charlotte was bounced from the playoffs in the first round, falling to the Chicago Bulls in four games. Following the season, the Hornets traded Mourning to the Miami Heat for forward Glen Rice, center Matt Geiger, and guard Khalid Reeves.Glen Rice would make an immediate impact after joining the Hornets, leading the team in scoring and points-per-game during the 1995–96 season. While Rice and Johnson provided high-powered scoring, Geiger tied with Johnson for the team lead in rebounds, and All-Star guard Kenny Anderson ran the point for the injured Muggsy Bogues. The Hornets were competitive but failed to qualify for the playoffs, again finishing with a 41–41 record. Allan Bristow resigned at the end of the season, and was replaced by Dave Cowens.The 1996 off-season was again marked by vast changes: Anderson declined to re-sign, Johnson was shipped to the Knicks for power forward Anthony Mason, and the team made a trade on draft day 1996, acquiring center Vlade Divac from the Los Angeles Lakers in exchange for the rights to rookie and future Hall of Famer Kobe Bryant, whom the Hornets picked 13th overall. The new-look Hornets were successful, with Divac and Geiger providing the center combination, Mason averaging a double-double, Bogues back at the point, and Rice having the finest season of his career. The team achieved the best season in its history at the time, finishing 54–28, and making it back to the playoffs. Despite the success during the regular season, the Hornets went down rather meekly to the Knicks in three games.The 1997–98 season was also successful. Muggsy Bogues was traded two games into the season, and the team picked up point guard David Wesley and shooting guard Bobby Phills. With Wesley, Phills, Rice, Mason, and Divac, the Hornets romped through the regular season, finishing with a 51–31 record. The Hornets made it to back-to-back playoffs for the first time in franchise history, advancing to the second round, only to be stopped by the Bulls.The 1998–99 season was shortened. The season did not start until February, as the lockout-shortened the regular season to only 50 games. Additionally, Glen Rice was traded to the Lakers for Eddie Jones and Elden Campbell, and Dave Cowens resigned midway through the season. He was replaced by former Celtics teammate Paul Silas, who became the team's fifth head coach. The team finished with a 26–24 record, but failed to qualify for the playoffs.The next three seasons (1999–2000, 2000–01 and 2001–02) saw the Hornets in the playoffs each year, reaching the conference semifinals twice. Before the Hornets were eliminated from the 2002 playoffs, the NBA approved a deal for the team to move to New Orleans following the season. The move came mainly because attendance tailed off dramatically, reportedly due to Shinn's declining popularity in the city.Shortly after the relocation of the team to New Orleans, as well as to avoid a Browns-like lawsuit, the NBA opened itself to the possibility of adding a replacement team in Charlotte for the 2004–05 season, given an arena deal could be reached. Several ownership groups, including one led by former Boston Celtics star Larry Bird, made bids for the franchise. On December 18, 2002, a group led by BET founder Robert L. Johnson was awarded the franchise, allowing him to become the first majority African American owner in U.S. major professional sports since the Negro leagues. The franchise with Johnson as its owner was approved by the NBA Board of Governors on January 10, 2003. Hip-hop artist Nelly became a notable co-owner. The owners paid a $300 million expansion fee to enter the league.In June 2003, the team name was officially announced as the Bobcats. The Charlotte Regional Sports Commission aided the naming process with a "Help Name The Team" effort that drew over 1,250 suggestions, with 'Flight' being the winner. However, it was discarded by Johnson and the team involved in creating the team's identity, being considered abstract and reminiscent of the then-current Iraq War aerial strikes. Given Charlotte was already home to a cat-named team, the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League, designer Chris Weiller made sure to create a logo that would not be similar to the Panthers logo. It has also been speculated that Johnson chose the name "Bobcats" in reference to his own name.The Bobcats hired Bernie Bickerstaff as the first head coach and general manager in franchise history. A new arena to host the Bobcats in uptown Charlotte began construction in July 2003. The team would play its home games at the Coliseum until the new building was ready.The Bobcats held their expansion draft on June 22, 2004, picking up youngsters such as Gerald Wallace, Primož Brezec, and Jason Kapono. Shortly after, they traded with the Los Angeles Clippers to acquire the second pick in the 2004 NBA draft, which they used to select center Emeka Okafor from Connecticut. The Bobcats' inaugural game, and the first of their 2004–05 season took place on November 4 at the Charlotte Coliseum, and was a 103–96 loss to the Washington Wizards. Two days later, they won their first game in franchise history over the Orlando Magic, 111–100. On December 14, the Bobcats beat the New Orleans Hornets in overtime in the team's first trip to Charlotte since relocating. The Bobcats finished their inaugural season 18–64. Emeka Okafor, however, won the 2004–05 NBA Rookie of the Year Award.In the 2005 NBA draft, the Bobcats drafted Raymond Felton and Sean May from North Carolina. In their second season, the Bobcats opened Charlotte Bobcats Arena with an overtime victory over the Celtics. Despite struggling for most of the year, they managed to close out the season with four straight wins to finish with a record of 26–56, an eight-game improvement from the previous season. After the season, the Bobcats announced that NBA legend and North Carolina native Michael Jordan had bought a minority stake in the team. As part of the deal, he became head of basketball operations, though Bickerstaff remained general manager.The Bobcats showed some improvement during the 2006–07 season, posting a playoff-hopeful record of 22–33 late in February 2007. However, the team went through an eight-game losing streak and dropped their record to 22–41 by early March 2007. Following the slump, Jordan announced that Bickerstaff would not return to coach the following season, but would finish coaching the remainder of the 2006–07 season. The Bobcats won 11 of their last 19 games of Bickerstaff's tenure to finish their third season 33–49. On June 3, 2007 Charlotte Coliseum was demolished, marking a bitter end to the original Hornets era. This was the home of Charlotte's original NBA franchise. The arena was only 19 years old, owned by the city of Charlotte. The arena was considered outdated because of a lack of luxury boxes and suites. The arena was designed for college basketball as part of Charlotte's push to maintain their presence in the ACC basketball tournament rotation.Front office and coaching were key focuses for the Bobcats during the 2007 off-season. Rod Higgins was hired as general manager, and Sam Vincent was hired as the second head coach in franchise history. In the 2007 NBA draft, Brandan Wright was selected by the Bobcats with the eighth pick; he was subsequently traded to Golden State for Jason Richardson. The Bobcats were unable to capitalize on off-season moves, finishing the 2007–08 season with a 32–50 record. The team struggled amid rumors of players clashing with the coach. After a year, during which he struggled with personnel decisions, Sam Vincent was fired in April 2008.On April 29, 2008, the Bobcats reached an agreement to hire Basketball Hall of Famer Larry Brown as the third head coach in franchise history. In the 2008 NBA draft, the Bobcats selected D. J. Augustin from Texas ninth overall. On December 10, 2008, a little over a month into the season, the Bobcats obtained Boris Diaw and Raja Bell in a trade with Phoenix. The trade turned out to be successful as the team came close to reaching the franchise's first playoff berth, but finished four games out of eighth place with a record of 35–47. Following the season, majority owner Bob Johnson announced he was putting the team up for sale.During the off-season, the team picked Gerald Henderson from Duke 12th overall in the 2009 NBA draft. The Bobcats traded Emeka Okafor for New Orleans Hornets' center Tyson Chandler, and through more trades acquired Stephen Jackson and Acie Law from the Golden State Warriors. On February 27, 2010, it was announced that Johnson had decided to sell the team to Jordan, allowing Jordan to become the first former NBA player to become majority owner of a franchise.On April 9, 2010, the Bobcats clinched their first playoff berth since 2002 with a 104–103 road win over the New Orleans Hornets, finishing the 2009–10 season with an overall record of 44–38, their first-ever winning season. Gerald Wallace was a huge factor in the playoff run as he became the Bobcats' first and only NBA All-Star. However, the Bobcats were swept by the Orlando Magic in 4 games.Despite the departures of Raymond Felton and Tyson Chandler, the Bobcats hoped to make the playoffs for a second straight season. Following a dismal 9–19 start, Jordan announced that Larry Brown had stepped down as head coach. Paul Silas was hired as their new head coach the same day. The Bobcats sent Wallace to the Portland Trail Blazers and received two first-round draft picks, Joel Przybilla, Sean Marks, and Dante Cunningham, also acquiring D. J. White and Morris Peterson in a trade with the Thunder. Going down the stretch, injuries to both Stephen Jackson and Tyrus Thomas derailed any chances of Charlotte trying to catch the Indiana Pacers for the eighth spot in the east. In the end, the Bobcats finished the season with a 34–48 record overall, finishing 25–29 under Silas.On June 13, 2011, the Bobcats made some changes to their front office by hiring former Trail Blazers general manager Rich Cho to the same position and promoting Rod Higgins to President of Basketball Operations. During the 2011 NBA draft the Bobcats sent Jackson, Shaun Livingston, and the 19th pick to Milwaukee and received Corey Maggette and the 7th pick in return. The Bobcats used that pick to draft Bismack Biyombo and with their 9th pick drafted Connecticut's Kemba Walker, the NCAA Basketball Tournament Most Outstanding Player.In the lockout-shortened 2011–12 season, Charlotte lost often, including their last 23 games. During their season finale against the New York Knicks, the Bobcats recorded yet another loss as their win percentage dropped to .106, setting a new record for the worst season ever by an NBA team (as this season was shortened by the lockout, the 1972–73 Philadelphia 76ers still hold the record for most losses in a season with 73). Overall, the team's record was 7–59. On April 30, 2012, the Bobcats announced that Silas would not return as head coach. St. John's assistant Mike Dunlap was named as his successor.Despite finishing the season with the worst record in NBA history, the Bobcats received the second overall pick. With the second pick in the 2012 NBA draft, the Bobcats selected Michael Kidd-Gilchrist and selected Jeffery Taylor with the 31st pick. They also added Ben Gordon, Ramon Sessions and Brendan Haywood in free agency. The Bobcats won their first game against the Pacers, snapping their 23-game losing streak. The team seemed to rebound with a 7–5 start to the season. However, they promptly went on an 18-game losing streak from which they never recovered, snapping the streak with a win at Chicago. Charlotte finished 21–61, the second-worst record in the league. Dunlap was fired on April 23, reportedly because the players were turned off by his heavy-handed coaching style. He would be replaced by former Los Angeles Lakers assistant head coach Steve Clifford.During the 2013 NBA draft, the Bobcats selected power forward/center Cody Zeller 4th overall. The Bobcats would also obtain former Utah Jazz center Al Jefferson in free agency. In February 2014, the team received Gary Neal and Luke Ridnour in a trade with the Bucks. The new players and coaching staff worked as the Bobcats clinched a playoff berth for the second time in franchise history by beating Cleveland on the road. Charlotte finished the regular season 43–39. However, the Bobcats were swept in four games by defending champion Miami in the first round.On May 21, 2013, Jordan officially announced the organization had submitted an application to change the name of the franchise to the Charlotte Hornets for the 2014–15 NBA season, pending a majority vote for approval by the NBA Board of Governors at a meeting in Las Vegas on July 18, 2013. The NBA announced, on July 18, 2013, that it had unanimously approved the rebranding, which would begin upon the conclusion of the 2013–14 season.The Bobcats announced on November 22, they would adopt a modified version of the original Hornets' teal-purple-white color palette, with black, gray and Carolina blue as accents. The team officially unveiled its future logo and identity scheme during halftime of their December 21 game against the Jazz. The team also started the "Buzz City" campaign to hype up the Hornets return. On January 16, 2014, the Bobcats revealed new Hornets shirts, hats and gear.On May 20, 2014, the Bobcats officially became the second incarnation of the Charlotte Hornets. At a press conference regarding the change, team officials also announced that as part of a deal with the NBA and the Pelicans, the renamed Hornets reclaimed the history and records of the 1988–2002 Hornets (in a move similar to that of the National Football League's Cleveland Browns return to the league in 1999), while all of the Hornets' records during their time in New Orleans from 2002 to 2013 remained with the Pelicans. The Hornets are now retconned as having suspended operations from 2002 to 2004, while the Pelicans are considered a 2002 expansion team. Charlotte had already been using past footage of the original Hornets as part of the "Buzz City" campaign.In the 2014 NBA draft, the Hornets had the 9th overall pick from an earlier trade with the Detroit Pistons, which they used to select Noah Vonleh from Indiana. In the same draft they acquired UConn Husky Shabazz Napier, Dwight Powell from Stanford, and Semaj Christon from Xavier in the second round. They later traded Napier to the Heat for P. J. Hairston (formerly from UNC), the rights to the 55th pick, Miami's 2019 second-round pick and cash considerations. The team also picked up Scotty Hopson (whom they would trade to New Orleans) and cash considerations in free agency.During their first year of free agency as the Hornets, the team signed former Pacers shooting guard Lance Stephenson. The Hornets also signed former Jazz and Atlanta Hawks forward Marvin Williams to a two-year deal. A mostly difficult year led to a 33–49 record overall and a 4th-place finish in the division. Stephenson was traded to the Los Angeles Clippers for Spencer Hawes and Matt Barnes who was later traded to the Memphis Grizzlies for Courtney Lee.The following year, the team improved to 48–34 overall, following the acquisition of players such as Nicolas Batum, Jeremy Lamb, and Jeremy Lin. It was the best season in franchise history since the original Hornets era. Charlotte returned to the playoffs, where they lost to the Heat in seven games in the first round. Along the way, they defeated the Heat twice at Time Warner Cable Arena, the franchise's first playoff wins since the original Hornets era.In the off-season, Jeremy Lin would go to sign with the Brooklyn Nets, Al Jefferson to the Indiana Pacers, and Courtney Lee to the New York Knicks, but the Hornets were able to re-sign Nicolas Batum and Marvin Williams, as well as bring in former All-star Roy Hibbert, Marco Belinelli and Ramon Sessions for a second stint. Hibbert would be traded mid-season to the Milwaukee Bucks with Spencer Hawes for center Miles Plumlee. Kemba Walker was named an Eastern Conference All-star as a reserve, the first all-star game of his career. The Hornets would finish the season with a 36–46 record, missing out on the playoffs.The Hornets had a successful 2017 off-season. They shipped Plumlee and Belinelli and the 41st pick in the 2017 NBA draft to the Atlanta Hawks for former All-star Dwight Howard and the 31st pick in the 2017 draft. The trade reunited Howard with head coach Steve Clifford, both of whom worked together during Howard's time in Orlando and Los Angeles. In the draft, Charlotte selected Malik Monk with the 11th overall pick, as well as Frank Jackson with the 31st pick. They then sent Jackson to the New Orleans Pelicans for cash considerations and swing-man Dwayne Bacon who was drafted 40th overall. Sessions signed with the New York Knicks, and, to replace the backup guard, they brought in former rookie of the year Michael Carter-Williams from the Chicago Bulls.In the 2017–18 season Kemba Walker was selected for his second NBA All-Star appearance and passed Dell Curry for most three-pointers and the all-time leading scorer. At the end of the 2017–18 season, the Hornets did not renew the contract of general manager Rich Cho. In April 2018, Mitch Kupchak was named as the new president of basketball operations and general manager. On April 13, 2018, the Hornets fired head coach Steve Clifford after five seasons, who coached the team to a 196–214 record total, and named James Borrego as his replacement on May 10.On July 23, 2018, Tony Parker, who spent the previous 17 years of his career with the San Antonio Spurs, signed with the Hornets. In January 2019 Kemba Walker was named an All-Star Game starter for the Eastern Conference, his first starting role in an All-Star Game, and matched only Glen Rice for his third All-Star Game appearance in his Hornets career. During the 2018–19 season, Charlotte finished the season with a 39–43 record finishing 2nd in the division and 9th in the Eastern Conference.On June 20, 2019, the Hornets selected P. J. Washington with the twelfth overall pick in the 2019 NBA Draft.On July 6, 2019, Kemba Walker joined the Boston Celtics through a sign-and-trade deal with the Hornets.On November 18, 2020, the Hornets selected LaMelo Ball with the third overall pick. The Hornets also drafted Vernon Carey Jr. and Grant Riller in the second round of the 2020 NBA Draft. On November 29, 2020, the Hornets would acquire Gordon Hayward in a sign-and-trade deal with the Boston Celtics. The Hornets finished the 2020–21 season 10th in the East with an 33–39 overall record. On June 16, 2021, Ball was named 2020–21 NBA Rookie of the Year, becoming the third player in franchise history to win the award.The Hornets' first logo was a teal and purple anthropomorphic hornet wearing white shoes and gloves dribbling an orange basketball. The words 'Charlotte Hornets' were in teal and curved across the top and bottom of the logo. An alternate logo, used only for the 1988–89 season, featured a large teal letter 'C', with 'Charlotte' in black letters curved upwards underneath. Inside the 'C' was a smaller white letter 'H' outlined in teal, with a black-colored hornet holding a basketball from birds-eye view placed in the center. The 'H' portion of the logo remained on the warm-ups and waistband of the jerseys until the 1991–92 season.The Bobcats primary logo from 2004 to 2012 consisted of a snarling orange bobcat facing to the right with the indented name 'Bobcats' above in silver on a blue background, with 'Charlotte' (also indented) appearing above it in the same blue color. A change to a less vibrant orange and blue, while retaining the same look, was made in 2007. Further color changes in 2012 made the bobcat gray, extended the blue background up to the 'Charlotte' name, which changed from blue to orange. A Carolina blue outline around the entire logo was also added. In 2007 the Bobcats unveiled a secondary logo, consisting of a snarling bobcat head facing forward with one side shaded orange, and the other blue. A silver basketball was placed behind the right of the head, all encased in an orange-blue-gray circle. During the 2012 rebranding, the colors were changed, with gray and Carolina blue replacing orange on the head and circle outline, respectively, and the basketball changing to orange. This logo would become prominent in the team's marketing and be featured at center court from 2007–08 until 2013–14.Charlotte's second Hornets logo features a teal and purple forward-facing hornet with the words 'Charlotte Hornets' on its torso. Wings sprout up above the head on both left and right, with teal and purple details. The hornet's stinger is prominently featured; a basketball pattern is above the stinger. Gray fully outlines the logo.Among the team's different secondary logos includes a hornet facing to the side, its teal and purple body arched in a 'C' shape representing the city of Charlotte, and a modified version of the Hornets original logo (sans the basketball) as the official mascot logo.The original Hornets uniforms were designed by international designer and North Carolina native Alexander Julian. The team chose teal and purple as its primary colors and featured a first for NBA uniforms—pinstripes. While most teams feature team names on home jerseys and their home city on away jerseys, the Hornets' uniforms had "Charlotte" on both home and away jerseys. Home uniforms were white with pinstripes in teal, green, blue and purple, while the away jerseys were teal with pinstripes in white, green, blue and purple. The 'Hugo' logo was prominently featured on the shorts' beltline, beginning in early 1992.In 1994, the Hornets unveiled a purple alternate uniform, with pinstripes in white, green, blue and teal. Likewise, Hugo was featured in the beltline.From 1997 to 2002, the Hornets made slight changes to their uniforms. Hugo was moved from the beltline to the left leg, while side stripes with pinstripes were added, in purple (away) and teal (home) colors. A tricolor featuring teal, purple and blue was featured on the beltline and the piping.The Bobcats' first home jerseys were white, reading "Bobcats" in orange with blue and black trimming. The primary away jersey was orange reading "Charlotte" in white with blue and black trimming. In the 2006 off-season, the Bobcats announced a new alternate away jersey which debuted during the 2006–07 season. The alternate jersey is blue, with the name "Bobcats" in white with black, orange and white trimming. Racing Day blue alternates (with an arched 'Charlotte', checkered flag side stripes, and centered numbers) were used to honor Charlotte's NASCAR fanbase.For the 2009–10 season, the Bobcats sported redesigned uniforms, having a mixture of characteristics from both Hornets and Bobcats uniforms. The home uniforms were white and featured an arched "Bobcats" in blue with orange and white trim. Road uniforms were blue and featured an arched "Charlotte" in white with blue and orange trim. Both designs featured silver pinstripes, similar to what the Hornets wore. The NASCAR uniform was also updated to include the pinstripes. For the 2011–12 season, however, the Bobcats wore their home uniforms on NASCAR night, complete with a racing flag patch.The Bobcats unveiled Hardwood Classics uniforms honoring the American Basketball Association (ABA)'s Carolina Cougars, which the team wore for select games in 2012.The Bobcats unveiled new uniforms on June 19, 2012, their second and final change in five years. Overall, they featured less emphasis on orange. The white home uniforms sported the shorter nickname 'Cats' in navy and Carolina blue trim, while the numbers were in Carolina blue and navy trim, with navy side stripes. The navy away uniforms featured 'Charlotte' in white and Carolina blue trim, with the numbers featured the same trim as the city name, with Carolina blue side stripes. In both uniforms, the pinstripes were relegated to the sides. The uniforms bore a close resemblance to the Dallas Mavericks uniforms. The addition of Carolina blue was seen as way to connect owner Michael Jordan's collegiate roots, while the formal adoption of 'Cats' for marketing purposes reflected a popular nickname.The newly renamed Hornets unveiled the team's uniforms on June 19, 2014, consisting of white home and purple road uniforms with the "Hornets" wordmark across the chest. The team also unveiled a teal alternate uniform with the "Charlotte" wordmark across the chest. The teal uniform is planned to be used as an alternate uniform for either home or road games and worn a total of 16–20 times per season.On June 25, 2015, the Hornets unveiled a black sleeved alternate uniform, featuring their "Buzz City" nickname in front. The team wore the uniform for as many as six games during the 2015–16 NBA season. It was also worn during select games of the 2016 NBA Playoffs.For the 2017–18 season and beyond, the Hornets have been outfitted by Nike's Air Jordan brand endorsed by franchise owner Michael Jordan. The white "Association" uniform and the teal "Icon" uniform feature the "Hornets" wordmark in front and the silhouetted hornet on the waistband. The purple "Statement" uniform is similar to the "Icon" and "Association" uniforms, but feature the "Charlotte" wordmark in front.The Hornets revamped their purple "Statement" uniforms prior to the 2019–20 season. The front of the uniform featured the "CHA" acronym in bold white letters with teal trim, while teal "stinger" stripes accentuate the sides. The silhouetted Hornets logo was moved to the sides of the shorts while the partial logo was placed on the beltline.The Hornets' "City" uniforms were slight updates of Adidas' sleeved "Buzz City" uniforms. The 2017–18 version featured black letters with white trim on a black base and the sides featured a wing pattern of a hornet. The 2018–19 version was slightly tweaked to feature teal lettering and a new logo reminiscent of the original Air Jordan "Wings" logo.The "City" uniform for the 2019–20 season moved away from the "Buzz City" concept and went with a cool grey base, purple, teal and black piping, "CHA" acronym in purple and white numbers with purple trim. A cell pattern adorned the sides.Charlotte's "City" uniform for the 2020–21 season paid homage to the city's history as the first to house a U.S. Branch Mint and the Carolina Gold Rush. The base color is mint and letters and numbers are in granite black with metallic gold trim. Pinstripes are in gold. It also brought back the "Buzz City" crest in front.The "Classic" edition featured a revival of the original Hornets pinstriped uniforms in the current Nike template. The teal version was used in the 2017–18 season, followed by a white version in 2018–19, complete with an alternate court marking the 30th anniversary of NBA basketball in Charlotte. For 2019–20, the Hornets wore purple versions of the pinstriped uniforms to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the uniform's unveiling. On August 31, 2020, the Hornets unveiled new uniforms that include double pinstriped jerseys that pay homage to the jerseys worn from 1997 until 2002. These are the first Hornets regular jerseys to include pinstripes since they wore them as the Bobcats from 2009 to 2012."List of the last five seasons completed by the Hornets. For the full season-by-season history, see List of Charlotte Hornets seasons.""Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, W–L% = Winning percentage"The Hornets played their first 15 seasons at the Charlotte Coliseum, which was called "The Hive" by fans. With almost 24,040 seats, it was (and still remains) the largest basketball-specific venue in the league by seating capacity. The Coliseum hosted 364 consecutive NBA sell-outs from December 1988 to November 1997. The Hornets would go on to lead the NBA in attendance over the course of their first seven seasons. When they returned as the Bobcats, they temporarily played in the Coliseum in the 2004–05 season while their new arena (the Charlotte Bobcats Arena) was being built. After its completion, the city closed the old Coliseum in the 2005 off-season and opened the new arena with a Rolling Stones concert.In April 2008, the Bobcats reached a naming rights deal with Time Warner Cable, North Carolina's largest cable television provider. In exchange for the naming rights, Time Warner agreed to tear up the cable television deal that had limited the Bobcats' exposure over the team's first four years (see below). When the Hornets returned to Charlotte, "The Hive" nickname also returned to the arena. In August 2016, the arena was renamed the Spectrum Center after Time Warner's merger with Charter Communications and its Spectrum consumer/business branding.The Hornets practice at the Novant Health Training Center, located within the Spectrum Center. Previously the team practiced at the Grady Cole Center in the Elizabeth neighborhood before moving to a purpose-built facility in Fort Mill, South Carolina located beside Knights Castle, this facility is now known as The Pointe Arts and Recreation Center.The Hornets hold the draft rights to the following unsigned draft picks who have been playing outside the NBA. A drafted player is ostensibly either an international draftee or a college draftee who is not signed by the team that drafted him, is allowed to sign with any non-NBA teams. In this case, the team retains the player's draft rights in the NBA until one year after the player's contract with the non-NBA team ends. This list includes draft rights that were acquired from trades with other teams.Bold denotes still active with team. "Italic" denotes still active but not with team.Regular season (as of the end of the 2020–21 season)Rookie of the YearNBA All-Rookie First TeamNBA All-Rookie Second TeamAll-NBA Second TeamAll-NBA Third TeamNBA All-Defensive First TeamNBA All-Defensive Second TeamSixth Man of the YearExecutive of the YearThe following Hornets players were selected to the NBA All-Star Game. Hugo The Hornet is the current mascot of the franchise, and was retained by the New Orleans Hornets after the Charlotte Hornets departure in 2002, until the New Orleans franchise's rebranding as the Pelicans. Shortly after the news that the Bobcats would get the Hornets name back, at halftime of a December 21, 2013, game between the Bobcats and the Utah Jazz, Hugo was announced to return as the Charlotte Hornets' new mascot for the 2014–15 NBA season.From 2004 to 2014, Rufus D. Lynx was the mascot of the Bobcats. He first appeared on November 1, 2003, according to his official bio on the Bobcats' website. The name comes from the scientific name of the bobcat, which is "Lynx rufus". During the 2012 NBA All-Star Jam Session, Rufus D. Lynx broke a world record along with Coyote, Grizz, Hooper, and Sly the Silver Fox for most "between the legs" basketball dunks. Bleacher Report ranked Rufus as the 8th best mascot in the NBA. Rufus D. Lynx is featured in "NBA Jam 2010". Rufus D. Lynx was officially retired following the conclusion of the 2013–14 NBA season, and the Hornets made him a farewell video in May 2014. The updated Hugo was unveiled on an around the city tour on June 5, 2014.The Hornets have an official cheerleading squad known as the Charlotte Honey Bees. The Honey Bees perform sideline dances as well as center-court dances during games. They also represent the Hornets brand as ambassadors to the community and are involved in community service activities and charity functions. When the team was known as the Bobcats, the cheerleaders were called the Lady Cats.From 1988 to 1992, the Hornets aired most road games, and occasional home games, on a network of stations in North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia fronted by WCCB in Charlotte. WCCB's longtime owner, Cy Bahakel, was a minority partner in the Hornets' original ownership group. Starting with the 1990–91 season, several games also aired on the original SportSouth, forerunner of Bally Sports South, for customers in North and South Carolina. WJZY became the Hornets' over-the-air flagship in 1992, and remained as such until 1998. From 1995 to 1998, some games aired on WJZY's sister station, WFVT-TV (now WMYT-TV). WAXN-TV became the flagship for the 1998–99 season, and remained as such until the original team departed in 2002. Generally, most home games slated for telecast aired on SportSouth/Fox Sports South.When the team returned as the Bobcats in 2004, Johnson partnered with Time Warner to create Carolinas Sports Entertainment Television (C-SET), a regional sports network. It aired 60 Bobcats games that also aired on Comporium Cable in the South Carolina portion of the Charlotte market. However, Time Warner placed C-SET on its digital package as an incentive to try to get customers to switch to its digital service, leaving analog customers in the dark. It also refused to allow DirecTV or Dish Network to pick up C-SET on their local feeds. As a result, Time Warner customers without digital cable, as well as western North Carolina and most of South Carolina, were left to rely on radio coverage.C-SET folded on the day of the 2005 NBA draft, and most games then moved to News 14 Carolina, a cable news channel available on Time Warner Cable's systems in Charlotte, the Triad and the Triangle. However, this still left viewers in most of South Carolina (except for the South Carolina side of the Charlotte area, which saw games on Comporium) as well as eastern and western North Carolina, out in the cold. News 14 was also not available on satellite.As part of the Time Warner Cable Arena deal, the Bobcats signed over broadcasting rights to Fox Sports South. Starting with the last five games of the 2007–08 season, about 70 games per season were shown on Fox Sports Carolinas (Fox Sports South's new regional feed, now reintegrated to Bally Sports South) and sister network Sportsouth (renamed Fox Sports Southeast in 2015 and later Bally Sports Southeast in 2021) in North and South Carolina. The deal is believed to be the first simultaneous naming rights and broadcast rights deal in the history of North American professional sports. As of the 2020–21 season, Hornets games are carried by Bally Sports Southeast.For the team's first four seasons after their return to the league, select games also aired on a network of over-the-air stations across North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia, fronted by WJZY from 2004 to 2006 and WMYT from 2006 to 2008.The team's radio flagship is all-sports station WFNZ. Before 2010, games had aired on WOLS. WOLS switched its non-sports programming from oldies to Spanish language on January 1, 2009, making Bobcats and Duke basketball the station's only non-Spanish language programming. WBT was the Hornets' radio flagship during the original franchise's entire run.
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[
"Michael Jordan",
"Robert L. Johnson"
] |
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Who was the owner of Charlotte Hornets in Jan, 2002?
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January 25, 2002
|
{
"text": [
"Robert L. Johnson",
"George Shinn"
]
}
|
L2_Q163480_P127_1
|
Charlotte Hornets is owned by Robert L. Johnson from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2010.
Charlotte Hornets is owned by George Shinn from Jan, 1988 to Jan, 2002.
Charlotte Hornets is owned by Michael Jordan from Jan, 2010 to Dec, 2022.
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Charlotte HornetsThe Charlotte Hornets are an American professional basketball team based in Charlotte, North Carolina. The Hornets compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA), as a member of the league's Eastern Conference Southeast Division. The team is mainly owned by Basketball Hall-of-Fame member Michael Jordan, who acquired a controlling interest in the team in 2010. The Hornets play their home games at the Spectrum Center in Uptown Charlotte.The original Hornets franchise was established in 1988 as an expansion team, owned by George Shinn. In 2002, Shinn's franchise relocated to New Orleans and became the New Orleans Hornets. In 2004, the NBA established the Charlotte Bobcats, which was regarded as a new expansion team at the time. In 2014, the Bobcats were renamed Charlotte Hornets, and acquired official history and records of the original Hornets (spanning from 1988 to 2002) from New Orleans' team.In 1985, the NBA was planning to expand by three teams by the 1988–1989 season, later modified to include a total of four expansion teams. George Shinn, an entrepreneur from Kannapolis, wanted to bring an NBA team to the Charlotte area, and he assembled a group of prominent local businessmen to head the prospective franchise. The Charlotte area had long been a hotbed for college basketball. Charlotte was also one of the fastest-growing cities in the United States, and was previously one of the three in-state regional homes to the American Basketball Association's Carolina Cougars from 1969 to 1974.Despite doubt from critics, Shinn's ace in the hole was the Charlotte Coliseum, a state-of-the-art arena that would seat almost 24,000 spectators – the largest basketball-specific arena ever to serve as a full-time home for an NBA team. On April 5, 1987, then-NBA Commissioner David Stern called Shinn to tell him his group had been awarded the 24th NBA franchise, to begin play in 1988. Franchises were also granted to Miami, Minneapolis-Saint Paul, and Orlando.Originally, the new team was going to be called the "Charlotte Spirit", but a name-the-team contest yielded "Hornets" as the winning choice. The team received further attention when it chose teal as its primary color, setting off a sports fashion craze in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The team's uniforms, designed by international designer and North Carolina native Alexander Julian, featured a first for NBA uniforms—pin stripes. Similar designs by other teams followed, as they became a hit.Shinn hired Carl Scheer as the team's first President and General Manager. Scheer preferred a roster of veteran players, hoping to put together a competitive team as soon as possible. Former college coach and veteran NBA assistant Dick Harter was hired as the team's first head coach. In 1988, the Hornets and the Miami Heat were part of the 1988 NBA Expansion Draft. Unlike many expansion franchises that invest in the future with a team composed entirely of young players, Charlotte stocked its inaugural roster with several veterans in hopes of putting a competitive lineup on the court right away. The team also had three draft picks at the 1988 NBA draft.The Hornets' first NBA game took place on November 4, 1988, at the Charlotte Coliseum, losing 133–93 to the Cleveland Cavaliers. Four days later, the team notched its first-ever victory over the Los Angeles Clippers, 117–105. On December 23, 1988, the Hornets really gave their fans something to cheer about, beating Michael Jordan and the Chicago Bulls 103–101 in Jordan's first return to North Carolina as a professional. The Hornets finished their inaugural season with a record of 20–62. Scheer left prior to the 1989–90 season.Despite initial concerns that the Coliseum was too big, the Hornets were a runaway hit, leading the NBA in attendance, a feat they would achieve seven more times in Charlotte. Eventually, the Hornets would sell out 364 consecutive games.The Hornets' second season was a struggle from start to finish. Members of the team rebelled against Dick Harter's defense-oriented style, and he was replaced mid-season by assistant Gene Littles following an 8–32 start. Despite the change, the team continued to struggle, finishing the season with a disappointing 19–63 record.The team showed improvement during the following season. They won eight of their first fifteen games, including a 120–105 victory over the Washington Bullets. However, the team went cold, losing their next eleven games. The Hornets, who hosted the 1991 NBA All-Star Game, finished with a 26–56 record. Despite the team's seven-game improvement over the previous season, Gene Littles was fired at the end of the season and replaced by general manager Allan Bristow.With the first pick in the 1991 NBA draft, the Hornets drafted power forward Larry Johnson from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Johnson had an impact season, finishing among the league leaders in points and rebounds, and winning the 1992 NBA Rookie of the Year Award. Additionally, Guard Kendall Gill led the club in scoring, averaging over 20 points per game. The team stayed in contention for a playoff spot until March, but finished the year with a 31–51 record.The Hornets were in the lottery again in 1992 and won the second overall pick in the draft, using it to select Georgetown center Alonzo Mourning. Charlotte now had two 20–10 threats in Johnson and Mourning, who with Kendall Gill, formed perhaps the league's top young trio. The team finished their fifth season at 44–38, their first-ever winning record and good enough for the first playoff berth in franchise history. Finishing fifth in the Eastern Conference, the Hornets upset the Boston Celtics in the first round, with Mourning winning the series with a 20-footer in game four. However, the Hornets lacked the experience and depth to defeat the New York Knicks, falling in five games in the second round.The Hornets finished the 1993–94 season with a 41–41 record, narrowly missing the playoffs. Despite injuries to both Johnson and Mourning, the two led the team in points-per-game.In the 1994–95 season, the Hornets finished with a 50–32 record, returning to the playoffs. Johnson and Mourning again led the team in points-per-game, while also leading the club in rebounding. However, Charlotte was bounced from the playoffs in the first round, falling to the Chicago Bulls in four games. Following the season, the Hornets traded Mourning to the Miami Heat for forward Glen Rice, center Matt Geiger, and guard Khalid Reeves.Glen Rice would make an immediate impact after joining the Hornets, leading the team in scoring and points-per-game during the 1995–96 season. While Rice and Johnson provided high-powered scoring, Geiger tied with Johnson for the team lead in rebounds, and All-Star guard Kenny Anderson ran the point for the injured Muggsy Bogues. The Hornets were competitive but failed to qualify for the playoffs, again finishing with a 41–41 record. Allan Bristow resigned at the end of the season, and was replaced by Dave Cowens.The 1996 off-season was again marked by vast changes: Anderson declined to re-sign, Johnson was shipped to the Knicks for power forward Anthony Mason, and the team made a trade on draft day 1996, acquiring center Vlade Divac from the Los Angeles Lakers in exchange for the rights to rookie and future Hall of Famer Kobe Bryant, whom the Hornets picked 13th overall. The new-look Hornets were successful, with Divac and Geiger providing the center combination, Mason averaging a double-double, Bogues back at the point, and Rice having the finest season of his career. The team achieved the best season in its history at the time, finishing 54–28, and making it back to the playoffs. Despite the success during the regular season, the Hornets went down rather meekly to the Knicks in three games.The 1997–98 season was also successful. Muggsy Bogues was traded two games into the season, and the team picked up point guard David Wesley and shooting guard Bobby Phills. With Wesley, Phills, Rice, Mason, and Divac, the Hornets romped through the regular season, finishing with a 51–31 record. The Hornets made it to back-to-back playoffs for the first time in franchise history, advancing to the second round, only to be stopped by the Bulls.The 1998–99 season was shortened. The season did not start until February, as the lockout-shortened the regular season to only 50 games. Additionally, Glen Rice was traded to the Lakers for Eddie Jones and Elden Campbell, and Dave Cowens resigned midway through the season. He was replaced by former Celtics teammate Paul Silas, who became the team's fifth head coach. The team finished with a 26–24 record, but failed to qualify for the playoffs.The next three seasons (1999–2000, 2000–01 and 2001–02) saw the Hornets in the playoffs each year, reaching the conference semifinals twice. Before the Hornets were eliminated from the 2002 playoffs, the NBA approved a deal for the team to move to New Orleans following the season. The move came mainly because attendance tailed off dramatically, reportedly due to Shinn's declining popularity in the city.Shortly after the relocation of the team to New Orleans, as well as to avoid a Browns-like lawsuit, the NBA opened itself to the possibility of adding a replacement team in Charlotte for the 2004–05 season, given an arena deal could be reached. Several ownership groups, including one led by former Boston Celtics star Larry Bird, made bids for the franchise. On December 18, 2002, a group led by BET founder Robert L. Johnson was awarded the franchise, allowing him to become the first majority African American owner in U.S. major professional sports since the Negro leagues. The franchise with Johnson as its owner was approved by the NBA Board of Governors on January 10, 2003. Hip-hop artist Nelly became a notable co-owner. The owners paid a $300 million expansion fee to enter the league.In June 2003, the team name was officially announced as the Bobcats. The Charlotte Regional Sports Commission aided the naming process with a "Help Name The Team" effort that drew over 1,250 suggestions, with 'Flight' being the winner. However, it was discarded by Johnson and the team involved in creating the team's identity, being considered abstract and reminiscent of the then-current Iraq War aerial strikes. Given Charlotte was already home to a cat-named team, the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League, designer Chris Weiller made sure to create a logo that would not be similar to the Panthers logo. It has also been speculated that Johnson chose the name "Bobcats" in reference to his own name.The Bobcats hired Bernie Bickerstaff as the first head coach and general manager in franchise history. A new arena to host the Bobcats in uptown Charlotte began construction in July 2003. The team would play its home games at the Coliseum until the new building was ready.The Bobcats held their expansion draft on June 22, 2004, picking up youngsters such as Gerald Wallace, Primož Brezec, and Jason Kapono. Shortly after, they traded with the Los Angeles Clippers to acquire the second pick in the 2004 NBA draft, which they used to select center Emeka Okafor from Connecticut. The Bobcats' inaugural game, and the first of their 2004–05 season took place on November 4 at the Charlotte Coliseum, and was a 103–96 loss to the Washington Wizards. Two days later, they won their first game in franchise history over the Orlando Magic, 111–100. On December 14, the Bobcats beat the New Orleans Hornets in overtime in the team's first trip to Charlotte since relocating. The Bobcats finished their inaugural season 18–64. Emeka Okafor, however, won the 2004–05 NBA Rookie of the Year Award.In the 2005 NBA draft, the Bobcats drafted Raymond Felton and Sean May from North Carolina. In their second season, the Bobcats opened Charlotte Bobcats Arena with an overtime victory over the Celtics. Despite struggling for most of the year, they managed to close out the season with four straight wins to finish with a record of 26–56, an eight-game improvement from the previous season. After the season, the Bobcats announced that NBA legend and North Carolina native Michael Jordan had bought a minority stake in the team. As part of the deal, he became head of basketball operations, though Bickerstaff remained general manager.The Bobcats showed some improvement during the 2006–07 season, posting a playoff-hopeful record of 22–33 late in February 2007. However, the team went through an eight-game losing streak and dropped their record to 22–41 by early March 2007. Following the slump, Jordan announced that Bickerstaff would not return to coach the following season, but would finish coaching the remainder of the 2006–07 season. The Bobcats won 11 of their last 19 games of Bickerstaff's tenure to finish their third season 33–49. On June 3, 2007 Charlotte Coliseum was demolished, marking a bitter end to the original Hornets era. This was the home of Charlotte's original NBA franchise. The arena was only 19 years old, owned by the city of Charlotte. The arena was considered outdated because of a lack of luxury boxes and suites. The arena was designed for college basketball as part of Charlotte's push to maintain their presence in the ACC basketball tournament rotation.Front office and coaching were key focuses for the Bobcats during the 2007 off-season. Rod Higgins was hired as general manager, and Sam Vincent was hired as the second head coach in franchise history. In the 2007 NBA draft, Brandan Wright was selected by the Bobcats with the eighth pick; he was subsequently traded to Golden State for Jason Richardson. The Bobcats were unable to capitalize on off-season moves, finishing the 2007–08 season with a 32–50 record. The team struggled amid rumors of players clashing with the coach. After a year, during which he struggled with personnel decisions, Sam Vincent was fired in April 2008.On April 29, 2008, the Bobcats reached an agreement to hire Basketball Hall of Famer Larry Brown as the third head coach in franchise history. In the 2008 NBA draft, the Bobcats selected D. J. Augustin from Texas ninth overall. On December 10, 2008, a little over a month into the season, the Bobcats obtained Boris Diaw and Raja Bell in a trade with Phoenix. The trade turned out to be successful as the team came close to reaching the franchise's first playoff berth, but finished four games out of eighth place with a record of 35–47. Following the season, majority owner Bob Johnson announced he was putting the team up for sale.During the off-season, the team picked Gerald Henderson from Duke 12th overall in the 2009 NBA draft. The Bobcats traded Emeka Okafor for New Orleans Hornets' center Tyson Chandler, and through more trades acquired Stephen Jackson and Acie Law from the Golden State Warriors. On February 27, 2010, it was announced that Johnson had decided to sell the team to Jordan, allowing Jordan to become the first former NBA player to become majority owner of a franchise.On April 9, 2010, the Bobcats clinched their first playoff berth since 2002 with a 104–103 road win over the New Orleans Hornets, finishing the 2009–10 season with an overall record of 44–38, their first-ever winning season. Gerald Wallace was a huge factor in the playoff run as he became the Bobcats' first and only NBA All-Star. However, the Bobcats were swept by the Orlando Magic in 4 games.Despite the departures of Raymond Felton and Tyson Chandler, the Bobcats hoped to make the playoffs for a second straight season. Following a dismal 9–19 start, Jordan announced that Larry Brown had stepped down as head coach. Paul Silas was hired as their new head coach the same day. The Bobcats sent Wallace to the Portland Trail Blazers and received two first-round draft picks, Joel Przybilla, Sean Marks, and Dante Cunningham, also acquiring D. J. White and Morris Peterson in a trade with the Thunder. Going down the stretch, injuries to both Stephen Jackson and Tyrus Thomas derailed any chances of Charlotte trying to catch the Indiana Pacers for the eighth spot in the east. In the end, the Bobcats finished the season with a 34–48 record overall, finishing 25–29 under Silas.On June 13, 2011, the Bobcats made some changes to their front office by hiring former Trail Blazers general manager Rich Cho to the same position and promoting Rod Higgins to President of Basketball Operations. During the 2011 NBA draft the Bobcats sent Jackson, Shaun Livingston, and the 19th pick to Milwaukee and received Corey Maggette and the 7th pick in return. The Bobcats used that pick to draft Bismack Biyombo and with their 9th pick drafted Connecticut's Kemba Walker, the NCAA Basketball Tournament Most Outstanding Player.In the lockout-shortened 2011–12 season, Charlotte lost often, including their last 23 games. During their season finale against the New York Knicks, the Bobcats recorded yet another loss as their win percentage dropped to .106, setting a new record for the worst season ever by an NBA team (as this season was shortened by the lockout, the 1972–73 Philadelphia 76ers still hold the record for most losses in a season with 73). Overall, the team's record was 7–59. On April 30, 2012, the Bobcats announced that Silas would not return as head coach. St. John's assistant Mike Dunlap was named as his successor.Despite finishing the season with the worst record in NBA history, the Bobcats received the second overall pick. With the second pick in the 2012 NBA draft, the Bobcats selected Michael Kidd-Gilchrist and selected Jeffery Taylor with the 31st pick. They also added Ben Gordon, Ramon Sessions and Brendan Haywood in free agency. The Bobcats won their first game against the Pacers, snapping their 23-game losing streak. The team seemed to rebound with a 7–5 start to the season. However, they promptly went on an 18-game losing streak from which they never recovered, snapping the streak with a win at Chicago. Charlotte finished 21–61, the second-worst record in the league. Dunlap was fired on April 23, reportedly because the players were turned off by his heavy-handed coaching style. He would be replaced by former Los Angeles Lakers assistant head coach Steve Clifford.During the 2013 NBA draft, the Bobcats selected power forward/center Cody Zeller 4th overall. The Bobcats would also obtain former Utah Jazz center Al Jefferson in free agency. In February 2014, the team received Gary Neal and Luke Ridnour in a trade with the Bucks. The new players and coaching staff worked as the Bobcats clinched a playoff berth for the second time in franchise history by beating Cleveland on the road. Charlotte finished the regular season 43–39. However, the Bobcats were swept in four games by defending champion Miami in the first round.On May 21, 2013, Jordan officially announced the organization had submitted an application to change the name of the franchise to the Charlotte Hornets for the 2014–15 NBA season, pending a majority vote for approval by the NBA Board of Governors at a meeting in Las Vegas on July 18, 2013. The NBA announced, on July 18, 2013, that it had unanimously approved the rebranding, which would begin upon the conclusion of the 2013–14 season.The Bobcats announced on November 22, they would adopt a modified version of the original Hornets' teal-purple-white color palette, with black, gray and Carolina blue as accents. The team officially unveiled its future logo and identity scheme during halftime of their December 21 game against the Jazz. The team also started the "Buzz City" campaign to hype up the Hornets return. On January 16, 2014, the Bobcats revealed new Hornets shirts, hats and gear.On May 20, 2014, the Bobcats officially became the second incarnation of the Charlotte Hornets. At a press conference regarding the change, team officials also announced that as part of a deal with the NBA and the Pelicans, the renamed Hornets reclaimed the history and records of the 1988–2002 Hornets (in a move similar to that of the National Football League's Cleveland Browns return to the league in 1999), while all of the Hornets' records during their time in New Orleans from 2002 to 2013 remained with the Pelicans. The Hornets are now retconned as having suspended operations from 2002 to 2004, while the Pelicans are considered a 2002 expansion team. Charlotte had already been using past footage of the original Hornets as part of the "Buzz City" campaign.In the 2014 NBA draft, the Hornets had the 9th overall pick from an earlier trade with the Detroit Pistons, which they used to select Noah Vonleh from Indiana. In the same draft they acquired UConn Husky Shabazz Napier, Dwight Powell from Stanford, and Semaj Christon from Xavier in the second round. They later traded Napier to the Heat for P. J. Hairston (formerly from UNC), the rights to the 55th pick, Miami's 2019 second-round pick and cash considerations. The team also picked up Scotty Hopson (whom they would trade to New Orleans) and cash considerations in free agency.During their first year of free agency as the Hornets, the team signed former Pacers shooting guard Lance Stephenson. The Hornets also signed former Jazz and Atlanta Hawks forward Marvin Williams to a two-year deal. A mostly difficult year led to a 33–49 record overall and a 4th-place finish in the division. Stephenson was traded to the Los Angeles Clippers for Spencer Hawes and Matt Barnes who was later traded to the Memphis Grizzlies for Courtney Lee.The following year, the team improved to 48–34 overall, following the acquisition of players such as Nicolas Batum, Jeremy Lamb, and Jeremy Lin. It was the best season in franchise history since the original Hornets era. Charlotte returned to the playoffs, where they lost to the Heat in seven games in the first round. Along the way, they defeated the Heat twice at Time Warner Cable Arena, the franchise's first playoff wins since the original Hornets era.In the off-season, Jeremy Lin would go to sign with the Brooklyn Nets, Al Jefferson to the Indiana Pacers, and Courtney Lee to the New York Knicks, but the Hornets were able to re-sign Nicolas Batum and Marvin Williams, as well as bring in former All-star Roy Hibbert, Marco Belinelli and Ramon Sessions for a second stint. Hibbert would be traded mid-season to the Milwaukee Bucks with Spencer Hawes for center Miles Plumlee. Kemba Walker was named an Eastern Conference All-star as a reserve, the first all-star game of his career. The Hornets would finish the season with a 36–46 record, missing out on the playoffs.The Hornets had a successful 2017 off-season. They shipped Plumlee and Belinelli and the 41st pick in the 2017 NBA draft to the Atlanta Hawks for former All-star Dwight Howard and the 31st pick in the 2017 draft. The trade reunited Howard with head coach Steve Clifford, both of whom worked together during Howard's time in Orlando and Los Angeles. In the draft, Charlotte selected Malik Monk with the 11th overall pick, as well as Frank Jackson with the 31st pick. They then sent Jackson to the New Orleans Pelicans for cash considerations and swing-man Dwayne Bacon who was drafted 40th overall. Sessions signed with the New York Knicks, and, to replace the backup guard, they brought in former rookie of the year Michael Carter-Williams from the Chicago Bulls.In the 2017–18 season Kemba Walker was selected for his second NBA All-Star appearance and passed Dell Curry for most three-pointers and the all-time leading scorer. At the end of the 2017–18 season, the Hornets did not renew the contract of general manager Rich Cho. In April 2018, Mitch Kupchak was named as the new president of basketball operations and general manager. On April 13, 2018, the Hornets fired head coach Steve Clifford after five seasons, who coached the team to a 196–214 record total, and named James Borrego as his replacement on May 10.On July 23, 2018, Tony Parker, who spent the previous 17 years of his career with the San Antonio Spurs, signed with the Hornets. In January 2019 Kemba Walker was named an All-Star Game starter for the Eastern Conference, his first starting role in an All-Star Game, and matched only Glen Rice for his third All-Star Game appearance in his Hornets career. During the 2018–19 season, Charlotte finished the season with a 39–43 record finishing 2nd in the division and 9th in the Eastern Conference.On June 20, 2019, the Hornets selected P. J. Washington with the twelfth overall pick in the 2019 NBA Draft.On July 6, 2019, Kemba Walker joined the Boston Celtics through a sign-and-trade deal with the Hornets.On November 18, 2020, the Hornets selected LaMelo Ball with the third overall pick. The Hornets also drafted Vernon Carey Jr. and Grant Riller in the second round of the 2020 NBA Draft. On November 29, 2020, the Hornets would acquire Gordon Hayward in a sign-and-trade deal with the Boston Celtics. The Hornets finished the 2020–21 season 10th in the East with an 33–39 overall record. On June 16, 2021, Ball was named 2020–21 NBA Rookie of the Year, becoming the third player in franchise history to win the award.The Hornets' first logo was a teal and purple anthropomorphic hornet wearing white shoes and gloves dribbling an orange basketball. The words 'Charlotte Hornets' were in teal and curved across the top and bottom of the logo. An alternate logo, used only for the 1988–89 season, featured a large teal letter 'C', with 'Charlotte' in black letters curved upwards underneath. Inside the 'C' was a smaller white letter 'H' outlined in teal, with a black-colored hornet holding a basketball from birds-eye view placed in the center. The 'H' portion of the logo remained on the warm-ups and waistband of the jerseys until the 1991–92 season.The Bobcats primary logo from 2004 to 2012 consisted of a snarling orange bobcat facing to the right with the indented name 'Bobcats' above in silver on a blue background, with 'Charlotte' (also indented) appearing above it in the same blue color. A change to a less vibrant orange and blue, while retaining the same look, was made in 2007. Further color changes in 2012 made the bobcat gray, extended the blue background up to the 'Charlotte' name, which changed from blue to orange. A Carolina blue outline around the entire logo was also added. In 2007 the Bobcats unveiled a secondary logo, consisting of a snarling bobcat head facing forward with one side shaded orange, and the other blue. A silver basketball was placed behind the right of the head, all encased in an orange-blue-gray circle. During the 2012 rebranding, the colors were changed, with gray and Carolina blue replacing orange on the head and circle outline, respectively, and the basketball changing to orange. This logo would become prominent in the team's marketing and be featured at center court from 2007–08 until 2013–14.Charlotte's second Hornets logo features a teal and purple forward-facing hornet with the words 'Charlotte Hornets' on its torso. Wings sprout up above the head on both left and right, with teal and purple details. The hornet's stinger is prominently featured; a basketball pattern is above the stinger. Gray fully outlines the logo.Among the team's different secondary logos includes a hornet facing to the side, its teal and purple body arched in a 'C' shape representing the city of Charlotte, and a modified version of the Hornets original logo (sans the basketball) as the official mascot logo.The original Hornets uniforms were designed by international designer and North Carolina native Alexander Julian. The team chose teal and purple as its primary colors and featured a first for NBA uniforms—pinstripes. While most teams feature team names on home jerseys and their home city on away jerseys, the Hornets' uniforms had "Charlotte" on both home and away jerseys. Home uniforms were white with pinstripes in teal, green, blue and purple, while the away jerseys were teal with pinstripes in white, green, blue and purple. The 'Hugo' logo was prominently featured on the shorts' beltline, beginning in early 1992.In 1994, the Hornets unveiled a purple alternate uniform, with pinstripes in white, green, blue and teal. Likewise, Hugo was featured in the beltline.From 1997 to 2002, the Hornets made slight changes to their uniforms. Hugo was moved from the beltline to the left leg, while side stripes with pinstripes were added, in purple (away) and teal (home) colors. A tricolor featuring teal, purple and blue was featured on the beltline and the piping.The Bobcats' first home jerseys were white, reading "Bobcats" in orange with blue and black trimming. The primary away jersey was orange reading "Charlotte" in white with blue and black trimming. In the 2006 off-season, the Bobcats announced a new alternate away jersey which debuted during the 2006–07 season. The alternate jersey is blue, with the name "Bobcats" in white with black, orange and white trimming. Racing Day blue alternates (with an arched 'Charlotte', checkered flag side stripes, and centered numbers) were used to honor Charlotte's NASCAR fanbase.For the 2009–10 season, the Bobcats sported redesigned uniforms, having a mixture of characteristics from both Hornets and Bobcats uniforms. The home uniforms were white and featured an arched "Bobcats" in blue with orange and white trim. Road uniforms were blue and featured an arched "Charlotte" in white with blue and orange trim. Both designs featured silver pinstripes, similar to what the Hornets wore. The NASCAR uniform was also updated to include the pinstripes. For the 2011–12 season, however, the Bobcats wore their home uniforms on NASCAR night, complete with a racing flag patch.The Bobcats unveiled Hardwood Classics uniforms honoring the American Basketball Association (ABA)'s Carolina Cougars, which the team wore for select games in 2012.The Bobcats unveiled new uniforms on June 19, 2012, their second and final change in five years. Overall, they featured less emphasis on orange. The white home uniforms sported the shorter nickname 'Cats' in navy and Carolina blue trim, while the numbers were in Carolina blue and navy trim, with navy side stripes. The navy away uniforms featured 'Charlotte' in white and Carolina blue trim, with the numbers featured the same trim as the city name, with Carolina blue side stripes. In both uniforms, the pinstripes were relegated to the sides. The uniforms bore a close resemblance to the Dallas Mavericks uniforms. The addition of Carolina blue was seen as way to connect owner Michael Jordan's collegiate roots, while the formal adoption of 'Cats' for marketing purposes reflected a popular nickname.The newly renamed Hornets unveiled the team's uniforms on June 19, 2014, consisting of white home and purple road uniforms with the "Hornets" wordmark across the chest. The team also unveiled a teal alternate uniform with the "Charlotte" wordmark across the chest. The teal uniform is planned to be used as an alternate uniform for either home or road games and worn a total of 16–20 times per season.On June 25, 2015, the Hornets unveiled a black sleeved alternate uniform, featuring their "Buzz City" nickname in front. The team wore the uniform for as many as six games during the 2015–16 NBA season. It was also worn during select games of the 2016 NBA Playoffs.For the 2017–18 season and beyond, the Hornets have been outfitted by Nike's Air Jordan brand endorsed by franchise owner Michael Jordan. The white "Association" uniform and the teal "Icon" uniform feature the "Hornets" wordmark in front and the silhouetted hornet on the waistband. The purple "Statement" uniform is similar to the "Icon" and "Association" uniforms, but feature the "Charlotte" wordmark in front.The Hornets revamped their purple "Statement" uniforms prior to the 2019–20 season. The front of the uniform featured the "CHA" acronym in bold white letters with teal trim, while teal "stinger" stripes accentuate the sides. The silhouetted Hornets logo was moved to the sides of the shorts while the partial logo was placed on the beltline.The Hornets' "City" uniforms were slight updates of Adidas' sleeved "Buzz City" uniforms. The 2017–18 version featured black letters with white trim on a black base and the sides featured a wing pattern of a hornet. The 2018–19 version was slightly tweaked to feature teal lettering and a new logo reminiscent of the original Air Jordan "Wings" logo.The "City" uniform for the 2019–20 season moved away from the "Buzz City" concept and went with a cool grey base, purple, teal and black piping, "CHA" acronym in purple and white numbers with purple trim. A cell pattern adorned the sides.Charlotte's "City" uniform for the 2020–21 season paid homage to the city's history as the first to house a U.S. Branch Mint and the Carolina Gold Rush. The base color is mint and letters and numbers are in granite black with metallic gold trim. Pinstripes are in gold. It also brought back the "Buzz City" crest in front.The "Classic" edition featured a revival of the original Hornets pinstriped uniforms in the current Nike template. The teal version was used in the 2017–18 season, followed by a white version in 2018–19, complete with an alternate court marking the 30th anniversary of NBA basketball in Charlotte. For 2019–20, the Hornets wore purple versions of the pinstriped uniforms to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the uniform's unveiling. On August 31, 2020, the Hornets unveiled new uniforms that include double pinstriped jerseys that pay homage to the jerseys worn from 1997 until 2002. These are the first Hornets regular jerseys to include pinstripes since they wore them as the Bobcats from 2009 to 2012."List of the last five seasons completed by the Hornets. For the full season-by-season history, see List of Charlotte Hornets seasons.""Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, W–L% = Winning percentage"The Hornets played their first 15 seasons at the Charlotte Coliseum, which was called "The Hive" by fans. With almost 24,040 seats, it was (and still remains) the largest basketball-specific venue in the league by seating capacity. The Coliseum hosted 364 consecutive NBA sell-outs from December 1988 to November 1997. The Hornets would go on to lead the NBA in attendance over the course of their first seven seasons. When they returned as the Bobcats, they temporarily played in the Coliseum in the 2004–05 season while their new arena (the Charlotte Bobcats Arena) was being built. After its completion, the city closed the old Coliseum in the 2005 off-season and opened the new arena with a Rolling Stones concert.In April 2008, the Bobcats reached a naming rights deal with Time Warner Cable, North Carolina's largest cable television provider. In exchange for the naming rights, Time Warner agreed to tear up the cable television deal that had limited the Bobcats' exposure over the team's first four years (see below). When the Hornets returned to Charlotte, "The Hive" nickname also returned to the arena. In August 2016, the arena was renamed the Spectrum Center after Time Warner's merger with Charter Communications and its Spectrum consumer/business branding.The Hornets practice at the Novant Health Training Center, located within the Spectrum Center. Previously the team practiced at the Grady Cole Center in the Elizabeth neighborhood before moving to a purpose-built facility in Fort Mill, South Carolina located beside Knights Castle, this facility is now known as The Pointe Arts and Recreation Center.The Hornets hold the draft rights to the following unsigned draft picks who have been playing outside the NBA. A drafted player is ostensibly either an international draftee or a college draftee who is not signed by the team that drafted him, is allowed to sign with any non-NBA teams. In this case, the team retains the player's draft rights in the NBA until one year after the player's contract with the non-NBA team ends. This list includes draft rights that were acquired from trades with other teams.Bold denotes still active with team. "Italic" denotes still active but not with team.Regular season (as of the end of the 2020–21 season)Rookie of the YearNBA All-Rookie First TeamNBA All-Rookie Second TeamAll-NBA Second TeamAll-NBA Third TeamNBA All-Defensive First TeamNBA All-Defensive Second TeamSixth Man of the YearExecutive of the YearThe following Hornets players were selected to the NBA All-Star Game. Hugo The Hornet is the current mascot of the franchise, and was retained by the New Orleans Hornets after the Charlotte Hornets departure in 2002, until the New Orleans franchise's rebranding as the Pelicans. Shortly after the news that the Bobcats would get the Hornets name back, at halftime of a December 21, 2013, game between the Bobcats and the Utah Jazz, Hugo was announced to return as the Charlotte Hornets' new mascot for the 2014–15 NBA season.From 2004 to 2014, Rufus D. Lynx was the mascot of the Bobcats. He first appeared on November 1, 2003, according to his official bio on the Bobcats' website. The name comes from the scientific name of the bobcat, which is "Lynx rufus". During the 2012 NBA All-Star Jam Session, Rufus D. Lynx broke a world record along with Coyote, Grizz, Hooper, and Sly the Silver Fox for most "between the legs" basketball dunks. Bleacher Report ranked Rufus as the 8th best mascot in the NBA. Rufus D. Lynx is featured in "NBA Jam 2010". Rufus D. Lynx was officially retired following the conclusion of the 2013–14 NBA season, and the Hornets made him a farewell video in May 2014. The updated Hugo was unveiled on an around the city tour on June 5, 2014.The Hornets have an official cheerleading squad known as the Charlotte Honey Bees. The Honey Bees perform sideline dances as well as center-court dances during games. They also represent the Hornets brand as ambassadors to the community and are involved in community service activities and charity functions. When the team was known as the Bobcats, the cheerleaders were called the Lady Cats.From 1988 to 1992, the Hornets aired most road games, and occasional home games, on a network of stations in North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia fronted by WCCB in Charlotte. WCCB's longtime owner, Cy Bahakel, was a minority partner in the Hornets' original ownership group. Starting with the 1990–91 season, several games also aired on the original SportSouth, forerunner of Bally Sports South, for customers in North and South Carolina. WJZY became the Hornets' over-the-air flagship in 1992, and remained as such until 1998. From 1995 to 1998, some games aired on WJZY's sister station, WFVT-TV (now WMYT-TV). WAXN-TV became the flagship for the 1998–99 season, and remained as such until the original team departed in 2002. Generally, most home games slated for telecast aired on SportSouth/Fox Sports South.When the team returned as the Bobcats in 2004, Johnson partnered with Time Warner to create Carolinas Sports Entertainment Television (C-SET), a regional sports network. It aired 60 Bobcats games that also aired on Comporium Cable in the South Carolina portion of the Charlotte market. However, Time Warner placed C-SET on its digital package as an incentive to try to get customers to switch to its digital service, leaving analog customers in the dark. It also refused to allow DirecTV or Dish Network to pick up C-SET on their local feeds. As a result, Time Warner customers without digital cable, as well as western North Carolina and most of South Carolina, were left to rely on radio coverage.C-SET folded on the day of the 2005 NBA draft, and most games then moved to News 14 Carolina, a cable news channel available on Time Warner Cable's systems in Charlotte, the Triad and the Triangle. However, this still left viewers in most of South Carolina (except for the South Carolina side of the Charlotte area, which saw games on Comporium) as well as eastern and western North Carolina, out in the cold. News 14 was also not available on satellite.As part of the Time Warner Cable Arena deal, the Bobcats signed over broadcasting rights to Fox Sports South. Starting with the last five games of the 2007–08 season, about 70 games per season were shown on Fox Sports Carolinas (Fox Sports South's new regional feed, now reintegrated to Bally Sports South) and sister network Sportsouth (renamed Fox Sports Southeast in 2015 and later Bally Sports Southeast in 2021) in North and South Carolina. The deal is believed to be the first simultaneous naming rights and broadcast rights deal in the history of North American professional sports. As of the 2020–21 season, Hornets games are carried by Bally Sports Southeast.For the team's first four seasons after their return to the league, select games also aired on a network of over-the-air stations across North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia, fronted by WJZY from 2004 to 2006 and WMYT from 2006 to 2008.The team's radio flagship is all-sports station WFNZ. Before 2010, games had aired on WOLS. WOLS switched its non-sports programming from oldies to Spanish language on January 1, 2009, making Bobcats and Duke basketball the station's only non-Spanish language programming. WBT was the Hornets' radio flagship during the original franchise's entire run.
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[
"George Shinn",
"Michael Jordan",
"Michael Jordan"
] |
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Who was the owner of Charlotte Hornets in Apr, 2010?
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April 19, 2010
|
{
"text": [
"Michael Jordan"
]
}
|
L2_Q163480_P127_2
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Charlotte Hornets is owned by Michael Jordan from Jan, 2010 to Dec, 2022.
Charlotte Hornets is owned by Robert L. Johnson from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2010.
Charlotte Hornets is owned by George Shinn from Jan, 1988 to Jan, 2002.
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Charlotte HornetsThe Charlotte Hornets are an American professional basketball team based in Charlotte, North Carolina. The Hornets compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA), as a member of the league's Eastern Conference Southeast Division. The team is mainly owned by Basketball Hall-of-Fame member Michael Jordan, who acquired a controlling interest in the team in 2010. The Hornets play their home games at the Spectrum Center in Uptown Charlotte.The original Hornets franchise was established in 1988 as an expansion team, owned by George Shinn. In 2002, Shinn's franchise relocated to New Orleans and became the New Orleans Hornets. In 2004, the NBA established the Charlotte Bobcats, which was regarded as a new expansion team at the time. In 2014, the Bobcats were renamed Charlotte Hornets, and acquired official history and records of the original Hornets (spanning from 1988 to 2002) from New Orleans' team.In 1985, the NBA was planning to expand by three teams by the 1988–1989 season, later modified to include a total of four expansion teams. George Shinn, an entrepreneur from Kannapolis, wanted to bring an NBA team to the Charlotte area, and he assembled a group of prominent local businessmen to head the prospective franchise. The Charlotte area had long been a hotbed for college basketball. Charlotte was also one of the fastest-growing cities in the United States, and was previously one of the three in-state regional homes to the American Basketball Association's Carolina Cougars from 1969 to 1974.Despite doubt from critics, Shinn's ace in the hole was the Charlotte Coliseum, a state-of-the-art arena that would seat almost 24,000 spectators – the largest basketball-specific arena ever to serve as a full-time home for an NBA team. On April 5, 1987, then-NBA Commissioner David Stern called Shinn to tell him his group had been awarded the 24th NBA franchise, to begin play in 1988. Franchises were also granted to Miami, Minneapolis-Saint Paul, and Orlando.Originally, the new team was going to be called the "Charlotte Spirit", but a name-the-team contest yielded "Hornets" as the winning choice. The team received further attention when it chose teal as its primary color, setting off a sports fashion craze in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The team's uniforms, designed by international designer and North Carolina native Alexander Julian, featured a first for NBA uniforms—pin stripes. Similar designs by other teams followed, as they became a hit.Shinn hired Carl Scheer as the team's first President and General Manager. Scheer preferred a roster of veteran players, hoping to put together a competitive team as soon as possible. Former college coach and veteran NBA assistant Dick Harter was hired as the team's first head coach. In 1988, the Hornets and the Miami Heat were part of the 1988 NBA Expansion Draft. Unlike many expansion franchises that invest in the future with a team composed entirely of young players, Charlotte stocked its inaugural roster with several veterans in hopes of putting a competitive lineup on the court right away. The team also had three draft picks at the 1988 NBA draft.The Hornets' first NBA game took place on November 4, 1988, at the Charlotte Coliseum, losing 133–93 to the Cleveland Cavaliers. Four days later, the team notched its first-ever victory over the Los Angeles Clippers, 117–105. On December 23, 1988, the Hornets really gave their fans something to cheer about, beating Michael Jordan and the Chicago Bulls 103–101 in Jordan's first return to North Carolina as a professional. The Hornets finished their inaugural season with a record of 20–62. Scheer left prior to the 1989–90 season.Despite initial concerns that the Coliseum was too big, the Hornets were a runaway hit, leading the NBA in attendance, a feat they would achieve seven more times in Charlotte. Eventually, the Hornets would sell out 364 consecutive games.The Hornets' second season was a struggle from start to finish. Members of the team rebelled against Dick Harter's defense-oriented style, and he was replaced mid-season by assistant Gene Littles following an 8–32 start. Despite the change, the team continued to struggle, finishing the season with a disappointing 19–63 record.The team showed improvement during the following season. They won eight of their first fifteen games, including a 120–105 victory over the Washington Bullets. However, the team went cold, losing their next eleven games. The Hornets, who hosted the 1991 NBA All-Star Game, finished with a 26–56 record. Despite the team's seven-game improvement over the previous season, Gene Littles was fired at the end of the season and replaced by general manager Allan Bristow.With the first pick in the 1991 NBA draft, the Hornets drafted power forward Larry Johnson from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Johnson had an impact season, finishing among the league leaders in points and rebounds, and winning the 1992 NBA Rookie of the Year Award. Additionally, Guard Kendall Gill led the club in scoring, averaging over 20 points per game. The team stayed in contention for a playoff spot until March, but finished the year with a 31–51 record.The Hornets were in the lottery again in 1992 and won the second overall pick in the draft, using it to select Georgetown center Alonzo Mourning. Charlotte now had two 20–10 threats in Johnson and Mourning, who with Kendall Gill, formed perhaps the league's top young trio. The team finished their fifth season at 44–38, their first-ever winning record and good enough for the first playoff berth in franchise history. Finishing fifth in the Eastern Conference, the Hornets upset the Boston Celtics in the first round, with Mourning winning the series with a 20-footer in game four. However, the Hornets lacked the experience and depth to defeat the New York Knicks, falling in five games in the second round.The Hornets finished the 1993–94 season with a 41–41 record, narrowly missing the playoffs. Despite injuries to both Johnson and Mourning, the two led the team in points-per-game.In the 1994–95 season, the Hornets finished with a 50–32 record, returning to the playoffs. Johnson and Mourning again led the team in points-per-game, while also leading the club in rebounding. However, Charlotte was bounced from the playoffs in the first round, falling to the Chicago Bulls in four games. Following the season, the Hornets traded Mourning to the Miami Heat for forward Glen Rice, center Matt Geiger, and guard Khalid Reeves.Glen Rice would make an immediate impact after joining the Hornets, leading the team in scoring and points-per-game during the 1995–96 season. While Rice and Johnson provided high-powered scoring, Geiger tied with Johnson for the team lead in rebounds, and All-Star guard Kenny Anderson ran the point for the injured Muggsy Bogues. The Hornets were competitive but failed to qualify for the playoffs, again finishing with a 41–41 record. Allan Bristow resigned at the end of the season, and was replaced by Dave Cowens.The 1996 off-season was again marked by vast changes: Anderson declined to re-sign, Johnson was shipped to the Knicks for power forward Anthony Mason, and the team made a trade on draft day 1996, acquiring center Vlade Divac from the Los Angeles Lakers in exchange for the rights to rookie and future Hall of Famer Kobe Bryant, whom the Hornets picked 13th overall. The new-look Hornets were successful, with Divac and Geiger providing the center combination, Mason averaging a double-double, Bogues back at the point, and Rice having the finest season of his career. The team achieved the best season in its history at the time, finishing 54–28, and making it back to the playoffs. Despite the success during the regular season, the Hornets went down rather meekly to the Knicks in three games.The 1997–98 season was also successful. Muggsy Bogues was traded two games into the season, and the team picked up point guard David Wesley and shooting guard Bobby Phills. With Wesley, Phills, Rice, Mason, and Divac, the Hornets romped through the regular season, finishing with a 51–31 record. The Hornets made it to back-to-back playoffs for the first time in franchise history, advancing to the second round, only to be stopped by the Bulls.The 1998–99 season was shortened. The season did not start until February, as the lockout-shortened the regular season to only 50 games. Additionally, Glen Rice was traded to the Lakers for Eddie Jones and Elden Campbell, and Dave Cowens resigned midway through the season. He was replaced by former Celtics teammate Paul Silas, who became the team's fifth head coach. The team finished with a 26–24 record, but failed to qualify for the playoffs.The next three seasons (1999–2000, 2000–01 and 2001–02) saw the Hornets in the playoffs each year, reaching the conference semifinals twice. Before the Hornets were eliminated from the 2002 playoffs, the NBA approved a deal for the team to move to New Orleans following the season. The move came mainly because attendance tailed off dramatically, reportedly due to Shinn's declining popularity in the city.Shortly after the relocation of the team to New Orleans, as well as to avoid a Browns-like lawsuit, the NBA opened itself to the possibility of adding a replacement team in Charlotte for the 2004–05 season, given an arena deal could be reached. Several ownership groups, including one led by former Boston Celtics star Larry Bird, made bids for the franchise. On December 18, 2002, a group led by BET founder Robert L. Johnson was awarded the franchise, allowing him to become the first majority African American owner in U.S. major professional sports since the Negro leagues. The franchise with Johnson as its owner was approved by the NBA Board of Governors on January 10, 2003. Hip-hop artist Nelly became a notable co-owner. The owners paid a $300 million expansion fee to enter the league.In June 2003, the team name was officially announced as the Bobcats. The Charlotte Regional Sports Commission aided the naming process with a "Help Name The Team" effort that drew over 1,250 suggestions, with 'Flight' being the winner. However, it was discarded by Johnson and the team involved in creating the team's identity, being considered abstract and reminiscent of the then-current Iraq War aerial strikes. Given Charlotte was already home to a cat-named team, the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League, designer Chris Weiller made sure to create a logo that would not be similar to the Panthers logo. It has also been speculated that Johnson chose the name "Bobcats" in reference to his own name.The Bobcats hired Bernie Bickerstaff as the first head coach and general manager in franchise history. A new arena to host the Bobcats in uptown Charlotte began construction in July 2003. The team would play its home games at the Coliseum until the new building was ready.The Bobcats held their expansion draft on June 22, 2004, picking up youngsters such as Gerald Wallace, Primož Brezec, and Jason Kapono. Shortly after, they traded with the Los Angeles Clippers to acquire the second pick in the 2004 NBA draft, which they used to select center Emeka Okafor from Connecticut. The Bobcats' inaugural game, and the first of their 2004–05 season took place on November 4 at the Charlotte Coliseum, and was a 103–96 loss to the Washington Wizards. Two days later, they won their first game in franchise history over the Orlando Magic, 111–100. On December 14, the Bobcats beat the New Orleans Hornets in overtime in the team's first trip to Charlotte since relocating. The Bobcats finished their inaugural season 18–64. Emeka Okafor, however, won the 2004–05 NBA Rookie of the Year Award.In the 2005 NBA draft, the Bobcats drafted Raymond Felton and Sean May from North Carolina. In their second season, the Bobcats opened Charlotte Bobcats Arena with an overtime victory over the Celtics. Despite struggling for most of the year, they managed to close out the season with four straight wins to finish with a record of 26–56, an eight-game improvement from the previous season. After the season, the Bobcats announced that NBA legend and North Carolina native Michael Jordan had bought a minority stake in the team. As part of the deal, he became head of basketball operations, though Bickerstaff remained general manager.The Bobcats showed some improvement during the 2006–07 season, posting a playoff-hopeful record of 22–33 late in February 2007. However, the team went through an eight-game losing streak and dropped their record to 22–41 by early March 2007. Following the slump, Jordan announced that Bickerstaff would not return to coach the following season, but would finish coaching the remainder of the 2006–07 season. The Bobcats won 11 of their last 19 games of Bickerstaff's tenure to finish their third season 33–49. On June 3, 2007 Charlotte Coliseum was demolished, marking a bitter end to the original Hornets era. This was the home of Charlotte's original NBA franchise. The arena was only 19 years old, owned by the city of Charlotte. The arena was considered outdated because of a lack of luxury boxes and suites. The arena was designed for college basketball as part of Charlotte's push to maintain their presence in the ACC basketball tournament rotation.Front office and coaching were key focuses for the Bobcats during the 2007 off-season. Rod Higgins was hired as general manager, and Sam Vincent was hired as the second head coach in franchise history. In the 2007 NBA draft, Brandan Wright was selected by the Bobcats with the eighth pick; he was subsequently traded to Golden State for Jason Richardson. The Bobcats were unable to capitalize on off-season moves, finishing the 2007–08 season with a 32–50 record. The team struggled amid rumors of players clashing with the coach. After a year, during which he struggled with personnel decisions, Sam Vincent was fired in April 2008.On April 29, 2008, the Bobcats reached an agreement to hire Basketball Hall of Famer Larry Brown as the third head coach in franchise history. In the 2008 NBA draft, the Bobcats selected D. J. Augustin from Texas ninth overall. On December 10, 2008, a little over a month into the season, the Bobcats obtained Boris Diaw and Raja Bell in a trade with Phoenix. The trade turned out to be successful as the team came close to reaching the franchise's first playoff berth, but finished four games out of eighth place with a record of 35–47. Following the season, majority owner Bob Johnson announced he was putting the team up for sale.During the off-season, the team picked Gerald Henderson from Duke 12th overall in the 2009 NBA draft. The Bobcats traded Emeka Okafor for New Orleans Hornets' center Tyson Chandler, and through more trades acquired Stephen Jackson and Acie Law from the Golden State Warriors. On February 27, 2010, it was announced that Johnson had decided to sell the team to Jordan, allowing Jordan to become the first former NBA player to become majority owner of a franchise.On April 9, 2010, the Bobcats clinched their first playoff berth since 2002 with a 104–103 road win over the New Orleans Hornets, finishing the 2009–10 season with an overall record of 44–38, their first-ever winning season. Gerald Wallace was a huge factor in the playoff run as he became the Bobcats' first and only NBA All-Star. However, the Bobcats were swept by the Orlando Magic in 4 games.Despite the departures of Raymond Felton and Tyson Chandler, the Bobcats hoped to make the playoffs for a second straight season. Following a dismal 9–19 start, Jordan announced that Larry Brown had stepped down as head coach. Paul Silas was hired as their new head coach the same day. The Bobcats sent Wallace to the Portland Trail Blazers and received two first-round draft picks, Joel Przybilla, Sean Marks, and Dante Cunningham, also acquiring D. J. White and Morris Peterson in a trade with the Thunder. Going down the stretch, injuries to both Stephen Jackson and Tyrus Thomas derailed any chances of Charlotte trying to catch the Indiana Pacers for the eighth spot in the east. In the end, the Bobcats finished the season with a 34–48 record overall, finishing 25–29 under Silas.On June 13, 2011, the Bobcats made some changes to their front office by hiring former Trail Blazers general manager Rich Cho to the same position and promoting Rod Higgins to President of Basketball Operations. During the 2011 NBA draft the Bobcats sent Jackson, Shaun Livingston, and the 19th pick to Milwaukee and received Corey Maggette and the 7th pick in return. The Bobcats used that pick to draft Bismack Biyombo and with their 9th pick drafted Connecticut's Kemba Walker, the NCAA Basketball Tournament Most Outstanding Player.In the lockout-shortened 2011–12 season, Charlotte lost often, including their last 23 games. During their season finale against the New York Knicks, the Bobcats recorded yet another loss as their win percentage dropped to .106, setting a new record for the worst season ever by an NBA team (as this season was shortened by the lockout, the 1972–73 Philadelphia 76ers still hold the record for most losses in a season with 73). Overall, the team's record was 7–59. On April 30, 2012, the Bobcats announced that Silas would not return as head coach. St. John's assistant Mike Dunlap was named as his successor.Despite finishing the season with the worst record in NBA history, the Bobcats received the second overall pick. With the second pick in the 2012 NBA draft, the Bobcats selected Michael Kidd-Gilchrist and selected Jeffery Taylor with the 31st pick. They also added Ben Gordon, Ramon Sessions and Brendan Haywood in free agency. The Bobcats won their first game against the Pacers, snapping their 23-game losing streak. The team seemed to rebound with a 7–5 start to the season. However, they promptly went on an 18-game losing streak from which they never recovered, snapping the streak with a win at Chicago. Charlotte finished 21–61, the second-worst record in the league. Dunlap was fired on April 23, reportedly because the players were turned off by his heavy-handed coaching style. He would be replaced by former Los Angeles Lakers assistant head coach Steve Clifford.During the 2013 NBA draft, the Bobcats selected power forward/center Cody Zeller 4th overall. The Bobcats would also obtain former Utah Jazz center Al Jefferson in free agency. In February 2014, the team received Gary Neal and Luke Ridnour in a trade with the Bucks. The new players and coaching staff worked as the Bobcats clinched a playoff berth for the second time in franchise history by beating Cleveland on the road. Charlotte finished the regular season 43–39. However, the Bobcats were swept in four games by defending champion Miami in the first round.On May 21, 2013, Jordan officially announced the organization had submitted an application to change the name of the franchise to the Charlotte Hornets for the 2014–15 NBA season, pending a majority vote for approval by the NBA Board of Governors at a meeting in Las Vegas on July 18, 2013. The NBA announced, on July 18, 2013, that it had unanimously approved the rebranding, which would begin upon the conclusion of the 2013–14 season.The Bobcats announced on November 22, they would adopt a modified version of the original Hornets' teal-purple-white color palette, with black, gray and Carolina blue as accents. The team officially unveiled its future logo and identity scheme during halftime of their December 21 game against the Jazz. The team also started the "Buzz City" campaign to hype up the Hornets return. On January 16, 2014, the Bobcats revealed new Hornets shirts, hats and gear.On May 20, 2014, the Bobcats officially became the second incarnation of the Charlotte Hornets. At a press conference regarding the change, team officials also announced that as part of a deal with the NBA and the Pelicans, the renamed Hornets reclaimed the history and records of the 1988–2002 Hornets (in a move similar to that of the National Football League's Cleveland Browns return to the league in 1999), while all of the Hornets' records during their time in New Orleans from 2002 to 2013 remained with the Pelicans. The Hornets are now retconned as having suspended operations from 2002 to 2004, while the Pelicans are considered a 2002 expansion team. Charlotte had already been using past footage of the original Hornets as part of the "Buzz City" campaign.In the 2014 NBA draft, the Hornets had the 9th overall pick from an earlier trade with the Detroit Pistons, which they used to select Noah Vonleh from Indiana. In the same draft they acquired UConn Husky Shabazz Napier, Dwight Powell from Stanford, and Semaj Christon from Xavier in the second round. They later traded Napier to the Heat for P. J. Hairston (formerly from UNC), the rights to the 55th pick, Miami's 2019 second-round pick and cash considerations. The team also picked up Scotty Hopson (whom they would trade to New Orleans) and cash considerations in free agency.During their first year of free agency as the Hornets, the team signed former Pacers shooting guard Lance Stephenson. The Hornets also signed former Jazz and Atlanta Hawks forward Marvin Williams to a two-year deal. A mostly difficult year led to a 33–49 record overall and a 4th-place finish in the division. Stephenson was traded to the Los Angeles Clippers for Spencer Hawes and Matt Barnes who was later traded to the Memphis Grizzlies for Courtney Lee.The following year, the team improved to 48–34 overall, following the acquisition of players such as Nicolas Batum, Jeremy Lamb, and Jeremy Lin. It was the best season in franchise history since the original Hornets era. Charlotte returned to the playoffs, where they lost to the Heat in seven games in the first round. Along the way, they defeated the Heat twice at Time Warner Cable Arena, the franchise's first playoff wins since the original Hornets era.In the off-season, Jeremy Lin would go to sign with the Brooklyn Nets, Al Jefferson to the Indiana Pacers, and Courtney Lee to the New York Knicks, but the Hornets were able to re-sign Nicolas Batum and Marvin Williams, as well as bring in former All-star Roy Hibbert, Marco Belinelli and Ramon Sessions for a second stint. Hibbert would be traded mid-season to the Milwaukee Bucks with Spencer Hawes for center Miles Plumlee. Kemba Walker was named an Eastern Conference All-star as a reserve, the first all-star game of his career. The Hornets would finish the season with a 36–46 record, missing out on the playoffs.The Hornets had a successful 2017 off-season. They shipped Plumlee and Belinelli and the 41st pick in the 2017 NBA draft to the Atlanta Hawks for former All-star Dwight Howard and the 31st pick in the 2017 draft. The trade reunited Howard with head coach Steve Clifford, both of whom worked together during Howard's time in Orlando and Los Angeles. In the draft, Charlotte selected Malik Monk with the 11th overall pick, as well as Frank Jackson with the 31st pick. They then sent Jackson to the New Orleans Pelicans for cash considerations and swing-man Dwayne Bacon who was drafted 40th overall. Sessions signed with the New York Knicks, and, to replace the backup guard, they brought in former rookie of the year Michael Carter-Williams from the Chicago Bulls.In the 2017–18 season Kemba Walker was selected for his second NBA All-Star appearance and passed Dell Curry for most three-pointers and the all-time leading scorer. At the end of the 2017–18 season, the Hornets did not renew the contract of general manager Rich Cho. In April 2018, Mitch Kupchak was named as the new president of basketball operations and general manager. On April 13, 2018, the Hornets fired head coach Steve Clifford after five seasons, who coached the team to a 196–214 record total, and named James Borrego as his replacement on May 10.On July 23, 2018, Tony Parker, who spent the previous 17 years of his career with the San Antonio Spurs, signed with the Hornets. In January 2019 Kemba Walker was named an All-Star Game starter for the Eastern Conference, his first starting role in an All-Star Game, and matched only Glen Rice for his third All-Star Game appearance in his Hornets career. During the 2018–19 season, Charlotte finished the season with a 39–43 record finishing 2nd in the division and 9th in the Eastern Conference.On June 20, 2019, the Hornets selected P. J. Washington with the twelfth overall pick in the 2019 NBA Draft.On July 6, 2019, Kemba Walker joined the Boston Celtics through a sign-and-trade deal with the Hornets.On November 18, 2020, the Hornets selected LaMelo Ball with the third overall pick. The Hornets also drafted Vernon Carey Jr. and Grant Riller in the second round of the 2020 NBA Draft. On November 29, 2020, the Hornets would acquire Gordon Hayward in a sign-and-trade deal with the Boston Celtics. The Hornets finished the 2020–21 season 10th in the East with an 33–39 overall record. On June 16, 2021, Ball was named 2020–21 NBA Rookie of the Year, becoming the third player in franchise history to win the award.The Hornets' first logo was a teal and purple anthropomorphic hornet wearing white shoes and gloves dribbling an orange basketball. The words 'Charlotte Hornets' were in teal and curved across the top and bottom of the logo. An alternate logo, used only for the 1988–89 season, featured a large teal letter 'C', with 'Charlotte' in black letters curved upwards underneath. Inside the 'C' was a smaller white letter 'H' outlined in teal, with a black-colored hornet holding a basketball from birds-eye view placed in the center. The 'H' portion of the logo remained on the warm-ups and waistband of the jerseys until the 1991–92 season.The Bobcats primary logo from 2004 to 2012 consisted of a snarling orange bobcat facing to the right with the indented name 'Bobcats' above in silver on a blue background, with 'Charlotte' (also indented) appearing above it in the same blue color. A change to a less vibrant orange and blue, while retaining the same look, was made in 2007. Further color changes in 2012 made the bobcat gray, extended the blue background up to the 'Charlotte' name, which changed from blue to orange. A Carolina blue outline around the entire logo was also added. In 2007 the Bobcats unveiled a secondary logo, consisting of a snarling bobcat head facing forward with one side shaded orange, and the other blue. A silver basketball was placed behind the right of the head, all encased in an orange-blue-gray circle. During the 2012 rebranding, the colors were changed, with gray and Carolina blue replacing orange on the head and circle outline, respectively, and the basketball changing to orange. This logo would become prominent in the team's marketing and be featured at center court from 2007–08 until 2013–14.Charlotte's second Hornets logo features a teal and purple forward-facing hornet with the words 'Charlotte Hornets' on its torso. Wings sprout up above the head on both left and right, with teal and purple details. The hornet's stinger is prominently featured; a basketball pattern is above the stinger. Gray fully outlines the logo.Among the team's different secondary logos includes a hornet facing to the side, its teal and purple body arched in a 'C' shape representing the city of Charlotte, and a modified version of the Hornets original logo (sans the basketball) as the official mascot logo.The original Hornets uniforms were designed by international designer and North Carolina native Alexander Julian. The team chose teal and purple as its primary colors and featured a first for NBA uniforms—pinstripes. While most teams feature team names on home jerseys and their home city on away jerseys, the Hornets' uniforms had "Charlotte" on both home and away jerseys. Home uniforms were white with pinstripes in teal, green, blue and purple, while the away jerseys were teal with pinstripes in white, green, blue and purple. The 'Hugo' logo was prominently featured on the shorts' beltline, beginning in early 1992.In 1994, the Hornets unveiled a purple alternate uniform, with pinstripes in white, green, blue and teal. Likewise, Hugo was featured in the beltline.From 1997 to 2002, the Hornets made slight changes to their uniforms. Hugo was moved from the beltline to the left leg, while side stripes with pinstripes were added, in purple (away) and teal (home) colors. A tricolor featuring teal, purple and blue was featured on the beltline and the piping.The Bobcats' first home jerseys were white, reading "Bobcats" in orange with blue and black trimming. The primary away jersey was orange reading "Charlotte" in white with blue and black trimming. In the 2006 off-season, the Bobcats announced a new alternate away jersey which debuted during the 2006–07 season. The alternate jersey is blue, with the name "Bobcats" in white with black, orange and white trimming. Racing Day blue alternates (with an arched 'Charlotte', checkered flag side stripes, and centered numbers) were used to honor Charlotte's NASCAR fanbase.For the 2009–10 season, the Bobcats sported redesigned uniforms, having a mixture of characteristics from both Hornets and Bobcats uniforms. The home uniforms were white and featured an arched "Bobcats" in blue with orange and white trim. Road uniforms were blue and featured an arched "Charlotte" in white with blue and orange trim. Both designs featured silver pinstripes, similar to what the Hornets wore. The NASCAR uniform was also updated to include the pinstripes. For the 2011–12 season, however, the Bobcats wore their home uniforms on NASCAR night, complete with a racing flag patch.The Bobcats unveiled Hardwood Classics uniforms honoring the American Basketball Association (ABA)'s Carolina Cougars, which the team wore for select games in 2012.The Bobcats unveiled new uniforms on June 19, 2012, their second and final change in five years. Overall, they featured less emphasis on orange. The white home uniforms sported the shorter nickname 'Cats' in navy and Carolina blue trim, while the numbers were in Carolina blue and navy trim, with navy side stripes. The navy away uniforms featured 'Charlotte' in white and Carolina blue trim, with the numbers featured the same trim as the city name, with Carolina blue side stripes. In both uniforms, the pinstripes were relegated to the sides. The uniforms bore a close resemblance to the Dallas Mavericks uniforms. The addition of Carolina blue was seen as way to connect owner Michael Jordan's collegiate roots, while the formal adoption of 'Cats' for marketing purposes reflected a popular nickname.The newly renamed Hornets unveiled the team's uniforms on June 19, 2014, consisting of white home and purple road uniforms with the "Hornets" wordmark across the chest. The team also unveiled a teal alternate uniform with the "Charlotte" wordmark across the chest. The teal uniform is planned to be used as an alternate uniform for either home or road games and worn a total of 16–20 times per season.On June 25, 2015, the Hornets unveiled a black sleeved alternate uniform, featuring their "Buzz City" nickname in front. The team wore the uniform for as many as six games during the 2015–16 NBA season. It was also worn during select games of the 2016 NBA Playoffs.For the 2017–18 season and beyond, the Hornets have been outfitted by Nike's Air Jordan brand endorsed by franchise owner Michael Jordan. The white "Association" uniform and the teal "Icon" uniform feature the "Hornets" wordmark in front and the silhouetted hornet on the waistband. The purple "Statement" uniform is similar to the "Icon" and "Association" uniforms, but feature the "Charlotte" wordmark in front.The Hornets revamped their purple "Statement" uniforms prior to the 2019–20 season. The front of the uniform featured the "CHA" acronym in bold white letters with teal trim, while teal "stinger" stripes accentuate the sides. The silhouetted Hornets logo was moved to the sides of the shorts while the partial logo was placed on the beltline.The Hornets' "City" uniforms were slight updates of Adidas' sleeved "Buzz City" uniforms. The 2017–18 version featured black letters with white trim on a black base and the sides featured a wing pattern of a hornet. The 2018–19 version was slightly tweaked to feature teal lettering and a new logo reminiscent of the original Air Jordan "Wings" logo.The "City" uniform for the 2019–20 season moved away from the "Buzz City" concept and went with a cool grey base, purple, teal and black piping, "CHA" acronym in purple and white numbers with purple trim. A cell pattern adorned the sides.Charlotte's "City" uniform for the 2020–21 season paid homage to the city's history as the first to house a U.S. Branch Mint and the Carolina Gold Rush. The base color is mint and letters and numbers are in granite black with metallic gold trim. Pinstripes are in gold. It also brought back the "Buzz City" crest in front.The "Classic" edition featured a revival of the original Hornets pinstriped uniforms in the current Nike template. The teal version was used in the 2017–18 season, followed by a white version in 2018–19, complete with an alternate court marking the 30th anniversary of NBA basketball in Charlotte. For 2019–20, the Hornets wore purple versions of the pinstriped uniforms to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the uniform's unveiling. On August 31, 2020, the Hornets unveiled new uniforms that include double pinstriped jerseys that pay homage to the jerseys worn from 1997 until 2002. These are the first Hornets regular jerseys to include pinstripes since they wore them as the Bobcats from 2009 to 2012."List of the last five seasons completed by the Hornets. For the full season-by-season history, see List of Charlotte Hornets seasons.""Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, W–L% = Winning percentage"The Hornets played their first 15 seasons at the Charlotte Coliseum, which was called "The Hive" by fans. With almost 24,040 seats, it was (and still remains) the largest basketball-specific venue in the league by seating capacity. The Coliseum hosted 364 consecutive NBA sell-outs from December 1988 to November 1997. The Hornets would go on to lead the NBA in attendance over the course of their first seven seasons. When they returned as the Bobcats, they temporarily played in the Coliseum in the 2004–05 season while their new arena (the Charlotte Bobcats Arena) was being built. After its completion, the city closed the old Coliseum in the 2005 off-season and opened the new arena with a Rolling Stones concert.In April 2008, the Bobcats reached a naming rights deal with Time Warner Cable, North Carolina's largest cable television provider. In exchange for the naming rights, Time Warner agreed to tear up the cable television deal that had limited the Bobcats' exposure over the team's first four years (see below). When the Hornets returned to Charlotte, "The Hive" nickname also returned to the arena. In August 2016, the arena was renamed the Spectrum Center after Time Warner's merger with Charter Communications and its Spectrum consumer/business branding.The Hornets practice at the Novant Health Training Center, located within the Spectrum Center. Previously the team practiced at the Grady Cole Center in the Elizabeth neighborhood before moving to a purpose-built facility in Fort Mill, South Carolina located beside Knights Castle, this facility is now known as The Pointe Arts and Recreation Center.The Hornets hold the draft rights to the following unsigned draft picks who have been playing outside the NBA. A drafted player is ostensibly either an international draftee or a college draftee who is not signed by the team that drafted him, is allowed to sign with any non-NBA teams. In this case, the team retains the player's draft rights in the NBA until one year after the player's contract with the non-NBA team ends. This list includes draft rights that were acquired from trades with other teams.Bold denotes still active with team. "Italic" denotes still active but not with team.Regular season (as of the end of the 2020–21 season)Rookie of the YearNBA All-Rookie First TeamNBA All-Rookie Second TeamAll-NBA Second TeamAll-NBA Third TeamNBA All-Defensive First TeamNBA All-Defensive Second TeamSixth Man of the YearExecutive of the YearThe following Hornets players were selected to the NBA All-Star Game. Hugo The Hornet is the current mascot of the franchise, and was retained by the New Orleans Hornets after the Charlotte Hornets departure in 2002, until the New Orleans franchise's rebranding as the Pelicans. Shortly after the news that the Bobcats would get the Hornets name back, at halftime of a December 21, 2013, game between the Bobcats and the Utah Jazz, Hugo was announced to return as the Charlotte Hornets' new mascot for the 2014–15 NBA season.From 2004 to 2014, Rufus D. Lynx was the mascot of the Bobcats. He first appeared on November 1, 2003, according to his official bio on the Bobcats' website. The name comes from the scientific name of the bobcat, which is "Lynx rufus". During the 2012 NBA All-Star Jam Session, Rufus D. Lynx broke a world record along with Coyote, Grizz, Hooper, and Sly the Silver Fox for most "between the legs" basketball dunks. Bleacher Report ranked Rufus as the 8th best mascot in the NBA. Rufus D. Lynx is featured in "NBA Jam 2010". Rufus D. Lynx was officially retired following the conclusion of the 2013–14 NBA season, and the Hornets made him a farewell video in May 2014. The updated Hugo was unveiled on an around the city tour on June 5, 2014.The Hornets have an official cheerleading squad known as the Charlotte Honey Bees. The Honey Bees perform sideline dances as well as center-court dances during games. They also represent the Hornets brand as ambassadors to the community and are involved in community service activities and charity functions. When the team was known as the Bobcats, the cheerleaders were called the Lady Cats.From 1988 to 1992, the Hornets aired most road games, and occasional home games, on a network of stations in North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia fronted by WCCB in Charlotte. WCCB's longtime owner, Cy Bahakel, was a minority partner in the Hornets' original ownership group. Starting with the 1990–91 season, several games also aired on the original SportSouth, forerunner of Bally Sports South, for customers in North and South Carolina. WJZY became the Hornets' over-the-air flagship in 1992, and remained as such until 1998. From 1995 to 1998, some games aired on WJZY's sister station, WFVT-TV (now WMYT-TV). WAXN-TV became the flagship for the 1998–99 season, and remained as such until the original team departed in 2002. Generally, most home games slated for telecast aired on SportSouth/Fox Sports South.When the team returned as the Bobcats in 2004, Johnson partnered with Time Warner to create Carolinas Sports Entertainment Television (C-SET), a regional sports network. It aired 60 Bobcats games that also aired on Comporium Cable in the South Carolina portion of the Charlotte market. However, Time Warner placed C-SET on its digital package as an incentive to try to get customers to switch to its digital service, leaving analog customers in the dark. It also refused to allow DirecTV or Dish Network to pick up C-SET on their local feeds. As a result, Time Warner customers without digital cable, as well as western North Carolina and most of South Carolina, were left to rely on radio coverage.C-SET folded on the day of the 2005 NBA draft, and most games then moved to News 14 Carolina, a cable news channel available on Time Warner Cable's systems in Charlotte, the Triad and the Triangle. However, this still left viewers in most of South Carolina (except for the South Carolina side of the Charlotte area, which saw games on Comporium) as well as eastern and western North Carolina, out in the cold. News 14 was also not available on satellite.As part of the Time Warner Cable Arena deal, the Bobcats signed over broadcasting rights to Fox Sports South. Starting with the last five games of the 2007–08 season, about 70 games per season were shown on Fox Sports Carolinas (Fox Sports South's new regional feed, now reintegrated to Bally Sports South) and sister network Sportsouth (renamed Fox Sports Southeast in 2015 and later Bally Sports Southeast in 2021) in North and South Carolina. The deal is believed to be the first simultaneous naming rights and broadcast rights deal in the history of North American professional sports. As of the 2020–21 season, Hornets games are carried by Bally Sports Southeast.For the team's first four seasons after their return to the league, select games also aired on a network of over-the-air stations across North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia, fronted by WJZY from 2004 to 2006 and WMYT from 2006 to 2008.The team's radio flagship is all-sports station WFNZ. Before 2010, games had aired on WOLS. WOLS switched its non-sports programming from oldies to Spanish language on January 1, 2009, making Bobcats and Duke basketball the station's only non-Spanish language programming. WBT was the Hornets' radio flagship during the original franchise's entire run.
|
[
"George Shinn",
"Robert L. Johnson"
] |
|
Which position did Jean-Louis Borloo hold in Jan, 1991?
|
January 27, 1991
|
{
"text": [
"member of the European Parliament"
]
}
|
L2_Q467781_P39_0
|
Jean-Louis Borloo holds the position of Minister of the Economy, Finances and Industry from May, 2007 to Jun, 2007.
Jean-Louis Borloo holds the position of member of the French National Assembly from Jun, 2012 to Apr, 2014.
Jean-Louis Borloo holds the position of member of the European Parliament from Jul, 1989 to Sep, 1992.
|
Jean-Louis BorlooJean-Louis Marie Borloo (; born 7 April 1951) is a French politician who served as president of the Union of Democrats and Independents (UDI) from 2012 to 2014. He also was Minister of the Economy, Finance and Employment in 2007 and Minister of Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development and the Sea from 2007 until 2010 under President Nicolas Sarkozy.Jean-Louis Marie Borloo was born in Paris, his parents were Lucien Borloo born in Guéméné-sur-Scorff and Mauricette Acquaviva from Marseille of Corsican origin. Borloo gained his Baccalauréat in 1969, in the Philosophy stream. In 1972 he took a first degree in Law and Philosophy at the Pantheon-Sorbonne University, in 1974 a further degree in History and Economics at Paris X Nanterre, and in 1976 an MBA at HEC Paris.Of Picard origin, Borloo began his career as a lawyer in the 1980s. He became president of the Valenciennes Football Club in 1986. In 1989, he was elected mayor of Valenciennes as an Independent, winning over 76 per cent of the vote.In the June 1989 European elections, Borloo was elected to the European Parliament as the second candidate on Simone Veil's list. He held this seat until his election as regional councillor for the Nord-Pas-de-Calais in 1992.Borloo was elected to the French National Assembly as a Miscellaneous Right candidate representing the Nord's 21st constituency in 1993. Joining the caucus of the UDF, he was re-elected in 1997, two years after his re-election as Mayor of Valenciennes.He was a founding member of Ecology Generation in 1990, but he later joined the Union for French Democracy led by François Bayrou. However, in 2002 he joined the Radical Party, associated with the new Union for a Popular Movement. He was co-president of the Radical Party alongside André Rossinot between 2005 and 2007, when he became sole President of the party.It was on the Radical-UMP ticket that Borloo was re-elected as a deputy in 2002 and 2007. He was Minister for the City and Urban Renewal in the Jean-Pierre Raffarin governments between 2002 and 2004, Minister of Labor, Employment and Social Cohesion under Raffarin between 2004 and 2005, and finally Minister for Employment, Social Cohesion and Housing in the Dominique de Villepin government between 2005 and 2007. In that role, he introduced a five-year plan of social cohesion, which was centered around three axes: equal opportunity, housing and employment.On 21 July 2005 Borloo married news anchorwoman Béatrice Schönberg at Rueil-Malmaison, Hauts-de-Seine.From 18 May to 19 June 2007, he was Minister of the Economy and Finance in the François Fillon cabinet. Between 19 June 2007 and November 2010, he was the French minister of State for Energy, Ecology and Sustainable Development. In this capacity, he was a major player in the 2007–2008 "Grenelle de l'environnement". He quit the government allegedly after being passed over for premiership in a cabinet reshuffle.In April 2011, Borloo left the UMP in protest at Sarkozy's rightward swing. He announced plans to set up a "republican, ecologist, and social alliance", with a view to becoming a candidate in the 2012 presidential election. However, he decided not to run as President of France.In September 2012, he created the Union of Democrats and Independents (UDI), trying to unify all the Centrist parties, while the UDI still allies with the UMP.Despite being a leader in the UDI, Borloo was not involved in the 2014 local elections, mentioning health reasons, such as frontal acute pneumonia and sepsis. On 6 April 2014, Borloo announced in a letter to the executives of the UDI that he would resign immediately from "every political term and position" due to his health concerns.Governmental functionsMinister of State, Minister for Ecology, Energy and Sustainable Development: 2007–2010.Minister of Economy, Finance and Industry: May–June 2007.Minister for Employment, Social Cohesion and Housing: 2005–2007.Minister of Labour, Employment and Social Cohesion: 2004–2005.Minister of the City and Urban Renewal: 2002–2004.Electoral mandatesEuropean ParliamentMember of European Parliament : 1989–1992.National Assembly of FrancePresident of the Union of Democrats and Independents Group in the National Assembly : 2012–2014.Member of the National Assembly of France for Nord (French department) (21st constituency) : 1993–2002 (Became minister in 2002) / Reelected in 2007 but he remains minister in 2007 / And 2010–2014. Elected in 1993, reelected in 1997, 2002, 2007, and 2012.Regional CouncilRegional councillor of Nord-Pas-de-Calais : 1992–1993 (Resignation) / March–November 1998 (Resignation).Municipal CouncilMayor of Valenciennes : 1989–2002 (Resignation).Deputy-mayor of Valenciennes : 2002–2008.Municipal councillor of Valenciennes : 1989–2014.Agglomeration community CouncilPresident of the Agglomeration community of Valenciennes : 2001–2008.Member of the Agglomeration community of Valenciennes : 2001–2014.Political functionsPresident of Union of Democrats and Independents : 2012–2014.President of the Radical Party (France) : 2007–2012.Vice-president of the Union for a Popular Movement : 2009–2012.
|
[
"Minister of the Economy, Finances and Industry",
"member of the French National Assembly"
] |
|
Which position did Jean-Louis Borloo hold in Jun, 2007?
|
June 08, 2007
|
{
"text": [
"Minister of the Economy, Finances and Industry"
]
}
|
L2_Q467781_P39_1
|
Jean-Louis Borloo holds the position of member of the European Parliament from Jul, 1989 to Sep, 1992.
Jean-Louis Borloo holds the position of Minister of the Economy, Finances and Industry from May, 2007 to Jun, 2007.
Jean-Louis Borloo holds the position of member of the French National Assembly from Jun, 2012 to Apr, 2014.
|
Jean-Louis BorlooJean-Louis Marie Borloo (; born 7 April 1951) is a French politician who served as president of the Union of Democrats and Independents (UDI) from 2012 to 2014. He also was Minister of the Economy, Finance and Employment in 2007 and Minister of Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development and the Sea from 2007 until 2010 under President Nicolas Sarkozy.Jean-Louis Marie Borloo was born in Paris, his parents were Lucien Borloo born in Guéméné-sur-Scorff and Mauricette Acquaviva from Marseille of Corsican origin. Borloo gained his Baccalauréat in 1969, in the Philosophy stream. In 1972 he took a first degree in Law and Philosophy at the Pantheon-Sorbonne University, in 1974 a further degree in History and Economics at Paris X Nanterre, and in 1976 an MBA at HEC Paris.Of Picard origin, Borloo began his career as a lawyer in the 1980s. He became president of the Valenciennes Football Club in 1986. In 1989, he was elected mayor of Valenciennes as an Independent, winning over 76 per cent of the vote.In the June 1989 European elections, Borloo was elected to the European Parliament as the second candidate on Simone Veil's list. He held this seat until his election as regional councillor for the Nord-Pas-de-Calais in 1992.Borloo was elected to the French National Assembly as a Miscellaneous Right candidate representing the Nord's 21st constituency in 1993. Joining the caucus of the UDF, he was re-elected in 1997, two years after his re-election as Mayor of Valenciennes.He was a founding member of Ecology Generation in 1990, but he later joined the Union for French Democracy led by François Bayrou. However, in 2002 he joined the Radical Party, associated with the new Union for a Popular Movement. He was co-president of the Radical Party alongside André Rossinot between 2005 and 2007, when he became sole President of the party.It was on the Radical-UMP ticket that Borloo was re-elected as a deputy in 2002 and 2007. He was Minister for the City and Urban Renewal in the Jean-Pierre Raffarin governments between 2002 and 2004, Minister of Labor, Employment and Social Cohesion under Raffarin between 2004 and 2005, and finally Minister for Employment, Social Cohesion and Housing in the Dominique de Villepin government between 2005 and 2007. In that role, he introduced a five-year plan of social cohesion, which was centered around three axes: equal opportunity, housing and employment.On 21 July 2005 Borloo married news anchorwoman Béatrice Schönberg at Rueil-Malmaison, Hauts-de-Seine.From 18 May to 19 June 2007, he was Minister of the Economy and Finance in the François Fillon cabinet. Between 19 June 2007 and November 2010, he was the French minister of State for Energy, Ecology and Sustainable Development. In this capacity, he was a major player in the 2007–2008 "Grenelle de l'environnement". He quit the government allegedly after being passed over for premiership in a cabinet reshuffle.In April 2011, Borloo left the UMP in protest at Sarkozy's rightward swing. He announced plans to set up a "republican, ecologist, and social alliance", with a view to becoming a candidate in the 2012 presidential election. However, he decided not to run as President of France.In September 2012, he created the Union of Democrats and Independents (UDI), trying to unify all the Centrist parties, while the UDI still allies with the UMP.Despite being a leader in the UDI, Borloo was not involved in the 2014 local elections, mentioning health reasons, such as frontal acute pneumonia and sepsis. On 6 April 2014, Borloo announced in a letter to the executives of the UDI that he would resign immediately from "every political term and position" due to his health concerns.Governmental functionsMinister of State, Minister for Ecology, Energy and Sustainable Development: 2007–2010.Minister of Economy, Finance and Industry: May–June 2007.Minister for Employment, Social Cohesion and Housing: 2005–2007.Minister of Labour, Employment and Social Cohesion: 2004–2005.Minister of the City and Urban Renewal: 2002–2004.Electoral mandatesEuropean ParliamentMember of European Parliament : 1989–1992.National Assembly of FrancePresident of the Union of Democrats and Independents Group in the National Assembly : 2012–2014.Member of the National Assembly of France for Nord (French department) (21st constituency) : 1993–2002 (Became minister in 2002) / Reelected in 2007 but he remains minister in 2007 / And 2010–2014. Elected in 1993, reelected in 1997, 2002, 2007, and 2012.Regional CouncilRegional councillor of Nord-Pas-de-Calais : 1992–1993 (Resignation) / March–November 1998 (Resignation).Municipal CouncilMayor of Valenciennes : 1989–2002 (Resignation).Deputy-mayor of Valenciennes : 2002–2008.Municipal councillor of Valenciennes : 1989–2014.Agglomeration community CouncilPresident of the Agglomeration community of Valenciennes : 2001–2008.Member of the Agglomeration community of Valenciennes : 2001–2014.Political functionsPresident of Union of Democrats and Independents : 2012–2014.President of the Radical Party (France) : 2007–2012.Vice-president of the Union for a Popular Movement : 2009–2012.
|
[
"member of the French National Assembly",
"member of the European Parliament"
] |
|
Which position did Jean-Louis Borloo hold in Mar, 2013?
|
March 04, 2013
|
{
"text": [
"member of the French National Assembly"
]
}
|
L2_Q467781_P39_2
|
Jean-Louis Borloo holds the position of member of the European Parliament from Jul, 1989 to Sep, 1992.
Jean-Louis Borloo holds the position of member of the French National Assembly from Jun, 2012 to Apr, 2014.
Jean-Louis Borloo holds the position of Minister of the Economy, Finances and Industry from May, 2007 to Jun, 2007.
|
Jean-Louis BorlooJean-Louis Marie Borloo (; born 7 April 1951) is a French politician who served as president of the Union of Democrats and Independents (UDI) from 2012 to 2014. He also was Minister of the Economy, Finance and Employment in 2007 and Minister of Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development and the Sea from 2007 until 2010 under President Nicolas Sarkozy.Jean-Louis Marie Borloo was born in Paris, his parents were Lucien Borloo born in Guéméné-sur-Scorff and Mauricette Acquaviva from Marseille of Corsican origin. Borloo gained his Baccalauréat in 1969, in the Philosophy stream. In 1972 he took a first degree in Law and Philosophy at the Pantheon-Sorbonne University, in 1974 a further degree in History and Economics at Paris X Nanterre, and in 1976 an MBA at HEC Paris.Of Picard origin, Borloo began his career as a lawyer in the 1980s. He became president of the Valenciennes Football Club in 1986. In 1989, he was elected mayor of Valenciennes as an Independent, winning over 76 per cent of the vote.In the June 1989 European elections, Borloo was elected to the European Parliament as the second candidate on Simone Veil's list. He held this seat until his election as regional councillor for the Nord-Pas-de-Calais in 1992.Borloo was elected to the French National Assembly as a Miscellaneous Right candidate representing the Nord's 21st constituency in 1993. Joining the caucus of the UDF, he was re-elected in 1997, two years after his re-election as Mayor of Valenciennes.He was a founding member of Ecology Generation in 1990, but he later joined the Union for French Democracy led by François Bayrou. However, in 2002 he joined the Radical Party, associated with the new Union for a Popular Movement. He was co-president of the Radical Party alongside André Rossinot between 2005 and 2007, when he became sole President of the party.It was on the Radical-UMP ticket that Borloo was re-elected as a deputy in 2002 and 2007. He was Minister for the City and Urban Renewal in the Jean-Pierre Raffarin governments between 2002 and 2004, Minister of Labor, Employment and Social Cohesion under Raffarin between 2004 and 2005, and finally Minister for Employment, Social Cohesion and Housing in the Dominique de Villepin government between 2005 and 2007. In that role, he introduced a five-year plan of social cohesion, which was centered around three axes: equal opportunity, housing and employment.On 21 July 2005 Borloo married news anchorwoman Béatrice Schönberg at Rueil-Malmaison, Hauts-de-Seine.From 18 May to 19 June 2007, he was Minister of the Economy and Finance in the François Fillon cabinet. Between 19 June 2007 and November 2010, he was the French minister of State for Energy, Ecology and Sustainable Development. In this capacity, he was a major player in the 2007–2008 "Grenelle de l'environnement". He quit the government allegedly after being passed over for premiership in a cabinet reshuffle.In April 2011, Borloo left the UMP in protest at Sarkozy's rightward swing. He announced plans to set up a "republican, ecologist, and social alliance", with a view to becoming a candidate in the 2012 presidential election. However, he decided not to run as President of France.In September 2012, he created the Union of Democrats and Independents (UDI), trying to unify all the Centrist parties, while the UDI still allies with the UMP.Despite being a leader in the UDI, Borloo was not involved in the 2014 local elections, mentioning health reasons, such as frontal acute pneumonia and sepsis. On 6 April 2014, Borloo announced in a letter to the executives of the UDI that he would resign immediately from "every political term and position" due to his health concerns.Governmental functionsMinister of State, Minister for Ecology, Energy and Sustainable Development: 2007–2010.Minister of Economy, Finance and Industry: May–June 2007.Minister for Employment, Social Cohesion and Housing: 2005–2007.Minister of Labour, Employment and Social Cohesion: 2004–2005.Minister of the City and Urban Renewal: 2002–2004.Electoral mandatesEuropean ParliamentMember of European Parliament : 1989–1992.National Assembly of FrancePresident of the Union of Democrats and Independents Group in the National Assembly : 2012–2014.Member of the National Assembly of France for Nord (French department) (21st constituency) : 1993–2002 (Became minister in 2002) / Reelected in 2007 but he remains minister in 2007 / And 2010–2014. Elected in 1993, reelected in 1997, 2002, 2007, and 2012.Regional CouncilRegional councillor of Nord-Pas-de-Calais : 1992–1993 (Resignation) / March–November 1998 (Resignation).Municipal CouncilMayor of Valenciennes : 1989–2002 (Resignation).Deputy-mayor of Valenciennes : 2002–2008.Municipal councillor of Valenciennes : 1989–2014.Agglomeration community CouncilPresident of the Agglomeration community of Valenciennes : 2001–2008.Member of the Agglomeration community of Valenciennes : 2001–2014.Political functionsPresident of Union of Democrats and Independents : 2012–2014.President of the Radical Party (France) : 2007–2012.Vice-president of the Union for a Popular Movement : 2009–2012.
|
[
"Minister of the Economy, Finances and Industry",
"member of the European Parliament"
] |
|
Which employer did Josif Shtokalo work for in Dec, 1937?
|
December 23, 1937
|
{
"text": [
"Kharkiv College of Textile and Design"
]
}
|
L2_Q6290799_P108_0
|
Josif Shtokalo works for Kharkiv College of Textile and Design from Jan, 1934 to Jan, 1941.
Josif Shtokalo works for Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv from Jan, 1944 to Jan, 1949.
Josif Shtokalo works for National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine from Jan, 1949 to Jan, 1986.
|
Josif ShtokaloJosif Shtokalo (Ukrainian: ; 1897–1987) was a famous Ukrainian mathematician. Shtokalo worked mainly in the areas of differential equations, operational calculus and the history of mathematics.Investigation of the Stability of Lindstedt's Equation Using Shtokalo’s Method by Samuel Kohn contains a description of Shotkalo's method in English. Journal: SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics - SIAM, vol. 30, no. 4, 1976.A biography of Shtokalo can be found at http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Shtokalo.html
|
[
"Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv",
"National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine"
] |
|
Which employer did Josif Shtokalo work for in Mar, 1948?
|
March 10, 1948
|
{
"text": [
"Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv"
]
}
|
L2_Q6290799_P108_1
|
Josif Shtokalo works for Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv from Jan, 1944 to Jan, 1949.
Josif Shtokalo works for Kharkiv College of Textile and Design from Jan, 1934 to Jan, 1941.
Josif Shtokalo works for National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine from Jan, 1949 to Jan, 1986.
|
Josif ShtokaloJosif Shtokalo (Ukrainian: ; 1897–1987) was a famous Ukrainian mathematician. Shtokalo worked mainly in the areas of differential equations, operational calculus and the history of mathematics.Investigation of the Stability of Lindstedt's Equation Using Shtokalo’s Method by Samuel Kohn contains a description of Shotkalo's method in English. Journal: SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics - SIAM, vol. 30, no. 4, 1976.A biography of Shtokalo can be found at http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Shtokalo.html
|
[
"Kharkiv College of Textile and Design",
"National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine"
] |
|
Which employer did Josif Shtokalo work for in Sep, 1966?
|
September 23, 1966
|
{
"text": [
"National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine"
]
}
|
L2_Q6290799_P108_2
|
Josif Shtokalo works for Kharkiv College of Textile and Design from Jan, 1934 to Jan, 1941.
Josif Shtokalo works for Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv from Jan, 1944 to Jan, 1949.
Josif Shtokalo works for National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine from Jan, 1949 to Jan, 1986.
|
Josif ShtokaloJosif Shtokalo (Ukrainian: ; 1897–1987) was a famous Ukrainian mathematician. Shtokalo worked mainly in the areas of differential equations, operational calculus and the history of mathematics.Investigation of the Stability of Lindstedt's Equation Using Shtokalo’s Method by Samuel Kohn contains a description of Shotkalo's method in English. Journal: SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics - SIAM, vol. 30, no. 4, 1976.A biography of Shtokalo can be found at http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Shtokalo.html
|
[
"Kharkiv College of Textile and Design",
"Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv"
] |
|
Which team did Sharly Mabussi play for in Jan, 2017?
|
January 01, 2017
|
{
"text": [
"Stade Lavallois"
]
}
|
L2_Q27736505_P54_0
|
Sharly Mabussi plays for Bergerac Périgord FC from Jul, 2019 to Jul, 2020.
Sharly Mabussi plays for Stade Lavallois from Jan, 2014 to Jul, 2019.
Sharly Mabussi plays for FC Edmonton from Jan, 2021 to Dec, 2021.
|
Sharly MabussiSharly Mabussi (born 27 May 1997) is a Congolese professional footballer who plays as a left back for Canadian club FC Edmonton.Mabussi was born and raised in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.On 7 January 2021, Mabussi signed with Canadian Premier League side FC Edmonton.
|
[
"FC Edmonton",
"Bergerac Périgord FC"
] |
|
Which team did Sharly Mabussi play for in Dec, 2019?
|
December 16, 2019
|
{
"text": [
"Bergerac Périgord FC"
]
}
|
L2_Q27736505_P54_1
|
Sharly Mabussi plays for Bergerac Périgord FC from Jul, 2019 to Jul, 2020.
Sharly Mabussi plays for FC Edmonton from Jan, 2021 to Dec, 2021.
Sharly Mabussi plays for Stade Lavallois from Jan, 2014 to Jul, 2019.
|
Sharly MabussiSharly Mabussi (born 27 May 1997) is a Congolese professional footballer who plays as a left back for Canadian club FC Edmonton.Mabussi was born and raised in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.On 7 January 2021, Mabussi signed with Canadian Premier League side FC Edmonton.
|
[
"Stade Lavallois",
"FC Edmonton"
] |
|
Which team did Sharly Mabussi play for in Oct, 2021?
|
October 01, 2021
|
{
"text": [
"FC Edmonton"
]
}
|
L2_Q27736505_P54_2
|
Sharly Mabussi plays for Bergerac Périgord FC from Jul, 2019 to Jul, 2020.
Sharly Mabussi plays for Stade Lavallois from Jan, 2014 to Jul, 2019.
Sharly Mabussi plays for FC Edmonton from Jan, 2021 to Dec, 2021.
|
Sharly MabussiSharly Mabussi (born 27 May 1997) is a Congolese professional footballer who plays as a left back for Canadian club FC Edmonton.Mabussi was born and raised in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.On 7 January 2021, Mabussi signed with Canadian Premier League side FC Edmonton.
|
[
"Stade Lavallois",
"Bergerac Périgord FC"
] |
|
Which employer did Bruno Lemaitre work for in May, 1991?
|
May 21, 1991
|
{
"text": [
"Pierre and Marie Curie University"
]
}
|
L2_Q30502052_P108_0
|
Bruno Lemaitre works for Pierre and Marie Curie University from Sep, 1989 to Nov, 1992.
Bruno Lemaitre works for École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne from Jul, 2007 to Dec, 2022.
Bruno Lemaitre works for National Center for Scientific Research from Nov, 1992 to Mar, 1998.
Bruno Lemaitre works for Centre de Génétique Moléculaire from Apr, 1998 to Jun, 2007.
|
Bruno LemaitreBruno Lemaitre (born in Lille, France) is a French immunologist and a professor at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). His research focuses on the mechanisms of innate immunity and endosymbiosis in Drosophila. Lemaitre has also authored several books on the topic of narcissism in science.Lemaitre obtained a PhD in genetics from the Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie in 1992, defending a thesis on the regulation of P element transposition in Drosophila. He then pursued work as research associate in the laboratory of Jules Hoffmann, where he identified Toll-like receptors as essential mediators of innate immunity in Drosophila. This work was considered as a landmark paper by the Nobel prize committee and was featured in the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine awarded to Hoffmann. In 1998, he was appointed group leader at the Molecular Genetics Center of the French National Center for Scientific Research in Gif-sur-Yvette. He moved to EPFL in 2007 as a full professor within the Global Health Institute.Lemaitre has since 2016 published several books and essays related to the topic of narcissism in science and society. He is co-author of various MOOCs and an exercise book in French on the topic of immunology.The Lemaitre laboratory studies various aspects of innate immunity using Drosophila as a genetic model. The laboratory uses genetic screens as tools to identify novel factors involved in the immune response following microbial infection. His team has contributed to the better understanding the role of the Toll and NF-κB pathways in the activation of bacterial defense, as well as how the host's immune system discriminates between different bacterial pathogens. Lemaitre also studies host-microbiota interactions, and more specifically how the microbiota influences gut homeostasis and morphology.Another aspect of interest to Lemaitre is to decipher the roles and mechanisms of the interactions occurring between Drosophila and its endosymbionts of the spiroplasma genus.Lemaitre received two "Advanced Grants" from the European Research Council for projects on gut immunity and homeostasis (2008) and Drosophila-Spiroplasma interactions (2013).Lemaitre was elected as an EMBO member in 2007.He received several research prizes, such as the Noury, Thorlet, Lazare Prize from the French Academy of Sciences (2001), the First Prize of the Schlumberger Foundation (2002), the William B. Coley Award for distinguished research in basic and tumor immunology (2003), the Lucien Tartois Prize from the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (2006) and the Liliane Bettencourt Prize for Life Science (2010).
|
[
"École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne",
"National Center for Scientific Research",
"Centre de Génétique Moléculaire"
] |
|
Which employer did Bruno Lemaitre work for in Dec, 1992?
|
December 18, 1992
|
{
"text": [
"National Center for Scientific Research"
]
}
|
L2_Q30502052_P108_1
|
Bruno Lemaitre works for École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne from Jul, 2007 to Dec, 2022.
Bruno Lemaitre works for Pierre and Marie Curie University from Sep, 1989 to Nov, 1992.
Bruno Lemaitre works for Centre de Génétique Moléculaire from Apr, 1998 to Jun, 2007.
Bruno Lemaitre works for National Center for Scientific Research from Nov, 1992 to Mar, 1998.
|
Bruno LemaitreBruno Lemaitre (born in Lille, France) is a French immunologist and a professor at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). His research focuses on the mechanisms of innate immunity and endosymbiosis in Drosophila. Lemaitre has also authored several books on the topic of narcissism in science.Lemaitre obtained a PhD in genetics from the Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie in 1992, defending a thesis on the regulation of P element transposition in Drosophila. He then pursued work as research associate in the laboratory of Jules Hoffmann, where he identified Toll-like receptors as essential mediators of innate immunity in Drosophila. This work was considered as a landmark paper by the Nobel prize committee and was featured in the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine awarded to Hoffmann. In 1998, he was appointed group leader at the Molecular Genetics Center of the French National Center for Scientific Research in Gif-sur-Yvette. He moved to EPFL in 2007 as a full professor within the Global Health Institute.Lemaitre has since 2016 published several books and essays related to the topic of narcissism in science and society. He is co-author of various MOOCs and an exercise book in French on the topic of immunology.The Lemaitre laboratory studies various aspects of innate immunity using Drosophila as a genetic model. The laboratory uses genetic screens as tools to identify novel factors involved in the immune response following microbial infection. His team has contributed to the better understanding the role of the Toll and NF-κB pathways in the activation of bacterial defense, as well as how the host's immune system discriminates between different bacterial pathogens. Lemaitre also studies host-microbiota interactions, and more specifically how the microbiota influences gut homeostasis and morphology.Another aspect of interest to Lemaitre is to decipher the roles and mechanisms of the interactions occurring between Drosophila and its endosymbionts of the spiroplasma genus.Lemaitre received two "Advanced Grants" from the European Research Council for projects on gut immunity and homeostasis (2008) and Drosophila-Spiroplasma interactions (2013).Lemaitre was elected as an EMBO member in 2007.He received several research prizes, such as the Noury, Thorlet, Lazare Prize from the French Academy of Sciences (2001), the First Prize of the Schlumberger Foundation (2002), the William B. Coley Award for distinguished research in basic and tumor immunology (2003), the Lucien Tartois Prize from the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (2006) and the Liliane Bettencourt Prize for Life Science (2010).
|
[
"Pierre and Marie Curie University",
"École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne",
"Centre de Génétique Moléculaire"
] |
|
Which employer did Bruno Lemaitre work for in Jul, 2004?
|
July 03, 2004
|
{
"text": [
"Centre de Génétique Moléculaire"
]
}
|
L2_Q30502052_P108_2
|
Bruno Lemaitre works for National Center for Scientific Research from Nov, 1992 to Mar, 1998.
Bruno Lemaitre works for Centre de Génétique Moléculaire from Apr, 1998 to Jun, 2007.
Bruno Lemaitre works for École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne from Jul, 2007 to Dec, 2022.
Bruno Lemaitre works for Pierre and Marie Curie University from Sep, 1989 to Nov, 1992.
|
Bruno LemaitreBruno Lemaitre (born in Lille, France) is a French immunologist and a professor at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). His research focuses on the mechanisms of innate immunity and endosymbiosis in Drosophila. Lemaitre has also authored several books on the topic of narcissism in science.Lemaitre obtained a PhD in genetics from the Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie in 1992, defending a thesis on the regulation of P element transposition in Drosophila. He then pursued work as research associate in the laboratory of Jules Hoffmann, where he identified Toll-like receptors as essential mediators of innate immunity in Drosophila. This work was considered as a landmark paper by the Nobel prize committee and was featured in the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine awarded to Hoffmann. In 1998, he was appointed group leader at the Molecular Genetics Center of the French National Center for Scientific Research in Gif-sur-Yvette. He moved to EPFL in 2007 as a full professor within the Global Health Institute.Lemaitre has since 2016 published several books and essays related to the topic of narcissism in science and society. He is co-author of various MOOCs and an exercise book in French on the topic of immunology.The Lemaitre laboratory studies various aspects of innate immunity using Drosophila as a genetic model. The laboratory uses genetic screens as tools to identify novel factors involved in the immune response following microbial infection. His team has contributed to the better understanding the role of the Toll and NF-κB pathways in the activation of bacterial defense, as well as how the host's immune system discriminates between different bacterial pathogens. Lemaitre also studies host-microbiota interactions, and more specifically how the microbiota influences gut homeostasis and morphology.Another aspect of interest to Lemaitre is to decipher the roles and mechanisms of the interactions occurring between Drosophila and its endosymbionts of the spiroplasma genus.Lemaitre received two "Advanced Grants" from the European Research Council for projects on gut immunity and homeostasis (2008) and Drosophila-Spiroplasma interactions (2013).Lemaitre was elected as an EMBO member in 2007.He received several research prizes, such as the Noury, Thorlet, Lazare Prize from the French Academy of Sciences (2001), the First Prize of the Schlumberger Foundation (2002), the William B. Coley Award for distinguished research in basic and tumor immunology (2003), the Lucien Tartois Prize from the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (2006) and the Liliane Bettencourt Prize for Life Science (2010).
|
[
"Pierre and Marie Curie University",
"École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne",
"National Center for Scientific Research"
] |
|
Which employer did Bruno Lemaitre work for in Jun, 2016?
|
June 16, 2016
|
{
"text": [
"École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne"
]
}
|
L2_Q30502052_P108_3
|
Bruno Lemaitre works for National Center for Scientific Research from Nov, 1992 to Mar, 1998.
Bruno Lemaitre works for Centre de Génétique Moléculaire from Apr, 1998 to Jun, 2007.
Bruno Lemaitre works for Pierre and Marie Curie University from Sep, 1989 to Nov, 1992.
Bruno Lemaitre works for École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne from Jul, 2007 to Dec, 2022.
|
Bruno LemaitreBruno Lemaitre (born in Lille, France) is a French immunologist and a professor at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). His research focuses on the mechanisms of innate immunity and endosymbiosis in Drosophila. Lemaitre has also authored several books on the topic of narcissism in science.Lemaitre obtained a PhD in genetics from the Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie in 1992, defending a thesis on the regulation of P element transposition in Drosophila. He then pursued work as research associate in the laboratory of Jules Hoffmann, where he identified Toll-like receptors as essential mediators of innate immunity in Drosophila. This work was considered as a landmark paper by the Nobel prize committee and was featured in the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine awarded to Hoffmann. In 1998, he was appointed group leader at the Molecular Genetics Center of the French National Center for Scientific Research in Gif-sur-Yvette. He moved to EPFL in 2007 as a full professor within the Global Health Institute.Lemaitre has since 2016 published several books and essays related to the topic of narcissism in science and society. He is co-author of various MOOCs and an exercise book in French on the topic of immunology.The Lemaitre laboratory studies various aspects of innate immunity using Drosophila as a genetic model. The laboratory uses genetic screens as tools to identify novel factors involved in the immune response following microbial infection. His team has contributed to the better understanding the role of the Toll and NF-κB pathways in the activation of bacterial defense, as well as how the host's immune system discriminates between different bacterial pathogens. Lemaitre also studies host-microbiota interactions, and more specifically how the microbiota influences gut homeostasis and morphology.Another aspect of interest to Lemaitre is to decipher the roles and mechanisms of the interactions occurring between Drosophila and its endosymbionts of the spiroplasma genus.Lemaitre received two "Advanced Grants" from the European Research Council for projects on gut immunity and homeostasis (2008) and Drosophila-Spiroplasma interactions (2013).Lemaitre was elected as an EMBO member in 2007.He received several research prizes, such as the Noury, Thorlet, Lazare Prize from the French Academy of Sciences (2001), the First Prize of the Schlumberger Foundation (2002), the William B. Coley Award for distinguished research in basic and tumor immunology (2003), the Lucien Tartois Prize from the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (2006) and the Liliane Bettencourt Prize for Life Science (2010).
|
[
"Pierre and Marie Curie University",
"Centre de Génétique Moléculaire",
"National Center for Scientific Research"
] |
|
Which team did Reg Cutler play for in Jul, 1955?
|
July 17, 1955
|
{
"text": [
"West Bromwich Albion F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q16019348_P54_0
|
Reg Cutler plays for Stockport County F.C. from Jan, 1962 to Jan, 1963.
Reg Cutler plays for West Bromwich Albion F.C. from Jan, 1951 to Jan, 1956.
Reg Cutler plays for Portsmouth F.C. from Jan, 1959 to Jan, 1962.
Reg Cutler plays for AFC Bournemouth from Jan, 1956 to Jan, 1959.
|
Reg CutlerReginald Victor Cutler (17 February 1935 – 5 May 2012) was an English professional footballer who played as a winger.Cutler was born in Rowley Regis on 17 February 1935. He played for West Bromwich Albion, Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic, Portsmouth, Stockport County, Worcester City, Dudley Town and Bromsgrove Rovers.Cutler died on 5 May 2012.
|
[
"Stockport County F.C.",
"Portsmouth F.C.",
"AFC Bournemouth"
] |
|
Which team did Reg Cutler play for in Jan, 1957?
|
January 05, 1957
|
{
"text": [
"AFC Bournemouth"
]
}
|
L2_Q16019348_P54_1
|
Reg Cutler plays for AFC Bournemouth from Jan, 1956 to Jan, 1959.
Reg Cutler plays for Portsmouth F.C. from Jan, 1959 to Jan, 1962.
Reg Cutler plays for West Bromwich Albion F.C. from Jan, 1951 to Jan, 1956.
Reg Cutler plays for Stockport County F.C. from Jan, 1962 to Jan, 1963.
|
Reg CutlerReginald Victor Cutler (17 February 1935 – 5 May 2012) was an English professional footballer who played as a winger.Cutler was born in Rowley Regis on 17 February 1935. He played for West Bromwich Albion, Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic, Portsmouth, Stockport County, Worcester City, Dudley Town and Bromsgrove Rovers.Cutler died on 5 May 2012.
|
[
"Stockport County F.C.",
"Portsmouth F.C.",
"West Bromwich Albion F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Reg Cutler play for in Nov, 1960?
|
November 07, 1960
|
{
"text": [
"Portsmouth F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q16019348_P54_2
|
Reg Cutler plays for Portsmouth F.C. from Jan, 1959 to Jan, 1962.
Reg Cutler plays for AFC Bournemouth from Jan, 1956 to Jan, 1959.
Reg Cutler plays for Stockport County F.C. from Jan, 1962 to Jan, 1963.
Reg Cutler plays for West Bromwich Albion F.C. from Jan, 1951 to Jan, 1956.
|
Reg CutlerReginald Victor Cutler (17 February 1935 – 5 May 2012) was an English professional footballer who played as a winger.Cutler was born in Rowley Regis on 17 February 1935. He played for West Bromwich Albion, Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic, Portsmouth, Stockport County, Worcester City, Dudley Town and Bromsgrove Rovers.Cutler died on 5 May 2012.
|
[
"Stockport County F.C.",
"West Bromwich Albion F.C.",
"AFC Bournemouth"
] |
|
Which team did Reg Cutler play for in Dec, 1962?
|
December 01, 1962
|
{
"text": [
"Stockport County F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q16019348_P54_3
|
Reg Cutler plays for AFC Bournemouth from Jan, 1956 to Jan, 1959.
Reg Cutler plays for West Bromwich Albion F.C. from Jan, 1951 to Jan, 1956.
Reg Cutler plays for Portsmouth F.C. from Jan, 1959 to Jan, 1962.
Reg Cutler plays for Stockport County F.C. from Jan, 1962 to Jan, 1963.
|
Reg CutlerReginald Victor Cutler (17 February 1935 – 5 May 2012) was an English professional footballer who played as a winger.Cutler was born in Rowley Regis on 17 February 1935. He played for West Bromwich Albion, Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic, Portsmouth, Stockport County, Worcester City, Dudley Town and Bromsgrove Rovers.Cutler died on 5 May 2012.
|
[
"Portsmouth F.C.",
"West Bromwich Albion F.C.",
"AFC Bournemouth"
] |
|
Which position did Thomas Francis Kennedy hold in Nov, 1818?
|
November 28, 1818
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
}
|
L2_Q7789773_P39_0
|
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1818 to Feb, 1820.
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 10th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Apr, 1831 to Dec, 1832.
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Mar, 1820 to Jun, 1826.
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1826 to Jul, 1830.
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 9th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1830 to Apr, 1831.
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 11th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Dec, 1832 to Feb, 1834.
|
Thomas Francis KennedyThomas Francis Kennedy (11 November 17881 April 1879), Scottish politician, was born near Ayr in 1788. He studied for the bar and became advocate in 1811. Having been elected Member of Parliament for the Ayr Burghs in 1818, he devoted the greater part of his life to the promotion of liberal reforms.In 1820 he married the only daughter of Sir Samuel Romilly. He was greatly assisted by Lord Cockburn, then Mr. Henry Cockburn, and a volume of correspondence published by Kennedy in 1874 forms a curious and interesting record of the consultations of the two friends on measures which they regarded as requisite for the political regeneration of their native country. One of the first measures to which he directed his attention was the withdrawal of the power of nominating juries from the judges, and the imparting of a right of peremptory challenge to prisoners. Among other subjects were the improvement of the parish schools, of pauper administration, and of several of the corrupt forms of legal procedure which then prevailed.Kennedy took a prominent part in the construction of the Scottish Reform Act 1832; indeed he and Lord Cockburn may almost be regarded as its authors. After the accession of the Whigs to office in 1832 he held office in the ministry as Clerk of the Ordnance in 1832 and as a Junior Lord of the Treasury from 1832 to 1834, and most of the measures of reform for Scotland, such as burgh reform, the improvements in the law of entail, and the reform of the sheriff courts, owed much to his sagacity and energy. In 1837 he went to Ireland as pay master of civil services, and set himself to the promotion of various measures of reform. Kennedy retired from office in 1854, but continued to take keen interest in political affairs and up to his death in 1879 took a great part in both county and parish business. He had a stern love of justice, and a determined hatred of everything savouring of corruption or dishonesty.
|
[
"Member of the 10th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 11th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 9th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Thomas Francis Kennedy hold in May, 1822?
|
May 04, 1822
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
}
|
L2_Q7789773_P39_1
|
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Mar, 1820 to Jun, 1826.
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1818 to Feb, 1820.
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 9th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1830 to Apr, 1831.
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1826 to Jul, 1830.
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 10th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Apr, 1831 to Dec, 1832.
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 11th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Dec, 1832 to Feb, 1834.
|
Thomas Francis KennedyThomas Francis Kennedy (11 November 17881 April 1879), Scottish politician, was born near Ayr in 1788. He studied for the bar and became advocate in 1811. Having been elected Member of Parliament for the Ayr Burghs in 1818, he devoted the greater part of his life to the promotion of liberal reforms.In 1820 he married the only daughter of Sir Samuel Romilly. He was greatly assisted by Lord Cockburn, then Mr. Henry Cockburn, and a volume of correspondence published by Kennedy in 1874 forms a curious and interesting record of the consultations of the two friends on measures which they regarded as requisite for the political regeneration of their native country. One of the first measures to which he directed his attention was the withdrawal of the power of nominating juries from the judges, and the imparting of a right of peremptory challenge to prisoners. Among other subjects were the improvement of the parish schools, of pauper administration, and of several of the corrupt forms of legal procedure which then prevailed.Kennedy took a prominent part in the construction of the Scottish Reform Act 1832; indeed he and Lord Cockburn may almost be regarded as its authors. After the accession of the Whigs to office in 1832 he held office in the ministry as Clerk of the Ordnance in 1832 and as a Junior Lord of the Treasury from 1832 to 1834, and most of the measures of reform for Scotland, such as burgh reform, the improvements in the law of entail, and the reform of the sheriff courts, owed much to his sagacity and energy. In 1837 he went to Ireland as pay master of civil services, and set himself to the promotion of various measures of reform. Kennedy retired from office in 1854, but continued to take keen interest in political affairs and up to his death in 1879 took a great part in both county and parish business. He had a stern love of justice, and a determined hatred of everything savouring of corruption or dishonesty.
|
[
"Member of the 10th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 11th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 9th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Thomas Francis Kennedy hold in Oct, 1829?
|
October 07, 1829
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
}
|
L2_Q7789773_P39_2
|
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1826 to Jul, 1830.
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1818 to Feb, 1820.
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Mar, 1820 to Jun, 1826.
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 11th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Dec, 1832 to Feb, 1834.
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 9th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1830 to Apr, 1831.
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 10th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Apr, 1831 to Dec, 1832.
|
Thomas Francis KennedyThomas Francis Kennedy (11 November 17881 April 1879), Scottish politician, was born near Ayr in 1788. He studied for the bar and became advocate in 1811. Having been elected Member of Parliament for the Ayr Burghs in 1818, he devoted the greater part of his life to the promotion of liberal reforms.In 1820 he married the only daughter of Sir Samuel Romilly. He was greatly assisted by Lord Cockburn, then Mr. Henry Cockburn, and a volume of correspondence published by Kennedy in 1874 forms a curious and interesting record of the consultations of the two friends on measures which they regarded as requisite for the political regeneration of their native country. One of the first measures to which he directed his attention was the withdrawal of the power of nominating juries from the judges, and the imparting of a right of peremptory challenge to prisoners. Among other subjects were the improvement of the parish schools, of pauper administration, and of several of the corrupt forms of legal procedure which then prevailed.Kennedy took a prominent part in the construction of the Scottish Reform Act 1832; indeed he and Lord Cockburn may almost be regarded as its authors. After the accession of the Whigs to office in 1832 he held office in the ministry as Clerk of the Ordnance in 1832 and as a Junior Lord of the Treasury from 1832 to 1834, and most of the measures of reform for Scotland, such as burgh reform, the improvements in the law of entail, and the reform of the sheriff courts, owed much to his sagacity and energy. In 1837 he went to Ireland as pay master of civil services, and set himself to the promotion of various measures of reform. Kennedy retired from office in 1854, but continued to take keen interest in political affairs and up to his death in 1879 took a great part in both county and parish business. He had a stern love of justice, and a determined hatred of everything savouring of corruption or dishonesty.
|
[
"Member of the 10th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 11th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 9th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Thomas Francis Kennedy hold in Feb, 1831?
|
February 22, 1831
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 9th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
}
|
L2_Q7789773_P39_3
|
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1826 to Jul, 1830.
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 11th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Dec, 1832 to Feb, 1834.
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1818 to Feb, 1820.
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Mar, 1820 to Jun, 1826.
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 9th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1830 to Apr, 1831.
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 10th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Apr, 1831 to Dec, 1832.
|
Thomas Francis KennedyThomas Francis Kennedy (11 November 17881 April 1879), Scottish politician, was born near Ayr in 1788. He studied for the bar and became advocate in 1811. Having been elected Member of Parliament for the Ayr Burghs in 1818, he devoted the greater part of his life to the promotion of liberal reforms.In 1820 he married the only daughter of Sir Samuel Romilly. He was greatly assisted by Lord Cockburn, then Mr. Henry Cockburn, and a volume of correspondence published by Kennedy in 1874 forms a curious and interesting record of the consultations of the two friends on measures which they regarded as requisite for the political regeneration of their native country. One of the first measures to which he directed his attention was the withdrawal of the power of nominating juries from the judges, and the imparting of a right of peremptory challenge to prisoners. Among other subjects were the improvement of the parish schools, of pauper administration, and of several of the corrupt forms of legal procedure which then prevailed.Kennedy took a prominent part in the construction of the Scottish Reform Act 1832; indeed he and Lord Cockburn may almost be regarded as its authors. After the accession of the Whigs to office in 1832 he held office in the ministry as Clerk of the Ordnance in 1832 and as a Junior Lord of the Treasury from 1832 to 1834, and most of the measures of reform for Scotland, such as burgh reform, the improvements in the law of entail, and the reform of the sheriff courts, owed much to his sagacity and energy. In 1837 he went to Ireland as pay master of civil services, and set himself to the promotion of various measures of reform. Kennedy retired from office in 1854, but continued to take keen interest in political affairs and up to his death in 1879 took a great part in both county and parish business. He had a stern love of justice, and a determined hatred of everything savouring of corruption or dishonesty.
|
[
"Member of the 10th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 11th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Thomas Francis Kennedy hold in Jul, 1831?
|
July 20, 1831
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 10th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
}
|
L2_Q7789773_P39_4
|
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 9th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1830 to Apr, 1831.
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1818 to Feb, 1820.
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 10th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Apr, 1831 to Dec, 1832.
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 11th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Dec, 1832 to Feb, 1834.
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Mar, 1820 to Jun, 1826.
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1826 to Jul, 1830.
|
Thomas Francis KennedyThomas Francis Kennedy (11 November 17881 April 1879), Scottish politician, was born near Ayr in 1788. He studied for the bar and became advocate in 1811. Having been elected Member of Parliament for the Ayr Burghs in 1818, he devoted the greater part of his life to the promotion of liberal reforms.In 1820 he married the only daughter of Sir Samuel Romilly. He was greatly assisted by Lord Cockburn, then Mr. Henry Cockburn, and a volume of correspondence published by Kennedy in 1874 forms a curious and interesting record of the consultations of the two friends on measures which they regarded as requisite for the political regeneration of their native country. One of the first measures to which he directed his attention was the withdrawal of the power of nominating juries from the judges, and the imparting of a right of peremptory challenge to prisoners. Among other subjects were the improvement of the parish schools, of pauper administration, and of several of the corrupt forms of legal procedure which then prevailed.Kennedy took a prominent part in the construction of the Scottish Reform Act 1832; indeed he and Lord Cockburn may almost be regarded as its authors. After the accession of the Whigs to office in 1832 he held office in the ministry as Clerk of the Ordnance in 1832 and as a Junior Lord of the Treasury from 1832 to 1834, and most of the measures of reform for Scotland, such as burgh reform, the improvements in the law of entail, and the reform of the sheriff courts, owed much to his sagacity and energy. In 1837 he went to Ireland as pay master of civil services, and set himself to the promotion of various measures of reform. Kennedy retired from office in 1854, but continued to take keen interest in political affairs and up to his death in 1879 took a great part in both county and parish business. He had a stern love of justice, and a determined hatred of everything savouring of corruption or dishonesty.
|
[
"Member of the 11th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 9th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Thomas Francis Kennedy hold in Apr, 1833?
|
April 19, 1833
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 11th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
}
|
L2_Q7789773_P39_5
|
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1818 to Feb, 1820.
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 9th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1830 to Apr, 1831.
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 11th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Dec, 1832 to Feb, 1834.
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Mar, 1820 to Jun, 1826.
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 10th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Apr, 1831 to Dec, 1832.
Thomas Francis Kennedy holds the position of Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jun, 1826 to Jul, 1830.
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Thomas Francis KennedyThomas Francis Kennedy (11 November 17881 April 1879), Scottish politician, was born near Ayr in 1788. He studied for the bar and became advocate in 1811. Having been elected Member of Parliament for the Ayr Burghs in 1818, he devoted the greater part of his life to the promotion of liberal reforms.In 1820 he married the only daughter of Sir Samuel Romilly. He was greatly assisted by Lord Cockburn, then Mr. Henry Cockburn, and a volume of correspondence published by Kennedy in 1874 forms a curious and interesting record of the consultations of the two friends on measures which they regarded as requisite for the political regeneration of their native country. One of the first measures to which he directed his attention was the withdrawal of the power of nominating juries from the judges, and the imparting of a right of peremptory challenge to prisoners. Among other subjects were the improvement of the parish schools, of pauper administration, and of several of the corrupt forms of legal procedure which then prevailed.Kennedy took a prominent part in the construction of the Scottish Reform Act 1832; indeed he and Lord Cockburn may almost be regarded as its authors. After the accession of the Whigs to office in 1832 he held office in the ministry as Clerk of the Ordnance in 1832 and as a Junior Lord of the Treasury from 1832 to 1834, and most of the measures of reform for Scotland, such as burgh reform, the improvements in the law of entail, and the reform of the sheriff courts, owed much to his sagacity and energy. In 1837 he went to Ireland as pay master of civil services, and set himself to the promotion of various measures of reform. Kennedy retired from office in 1854, but continued to take keen interest in political affairs and up to his death in 1879 took a great part in both county and parish business. He had a stern love of justice, and a determined hatred of everything savouring of corruption or dishonesty.
|
[
"Member of the 10th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 9th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 8th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 6th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 7th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which employer did Harold Ruse work for in Jun, 1932?
|
June 20, 1932
|
{
"text": [
"University of Edinburgh"
]
}
|
L2_Q37631972_P108_0
|
Harold Ruse works for University of Edinburgh from Jan, 1928 to Jan, 1937.
Harold Ruse works for University of Southampton from Jan, 1937 to Jan, 1946.
Harold Ruse works for University of Leeds from Jan, 1946 to Jan, 1970.
|
Harold Stanley RuseHarold Stanley Ruse (12 February 1905, Hastings, England – 20 October 1974, Leeds, England) was an English mathematician, noteworthy for the development of the concept of locally harmonic spaces.He was born in Hastings on the south English coast, the son of Frederick Ruse.He was educated at Hastings Grammar School and then studied Mathematics at Jesus College, Oxford, graduating MA. In 1927 he went in to the University of Edinburgh as a Bruce of Grangehill research scholar. From 1928 to 1937 he was a lecturer in mathematics at the same university, spending session 1933–34 as a Rockefeller Research Fellow at Princeton University; he visited Princeton again in 1952–53.Ruse was a professor of mathematics from 1937 to 1946 at University College, Southampton and from 1946 to 1970 at the University of Leeds, where he retired as professor emeritus. At the Edinburgh Mathematical Society, he was a member from 1927, the Society's secretary from 1930 to 1933, and president for the one year session 1935–1936. At the London Mathematical Society, he was a member from 1929, a member of the Society's Council from 1938 to 1945, and vice-president for the one year session 1942–1943.In 1931 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE). His proposers were Sir Edmund Taylor Whittaker, Sir Charles Galton Darwin, Edward Thomas Copson and Charles Glover Barkla.The RSE awarded him the Keith Medal for an outstanding scientific paper published during 1935–1937 in the RSE's scientific journals. He was an Invited Speaker of the ICM in 1936 in Oslo.He was unmarried and had no children.
|
[
"University of Southampton",
"University of Leeds"
] |
|
Which employer did Harold Ruse work for in Jul, 1945?
|
July 16, 1945
|
{
"text": [
"University of Southampton"
]
}
|
L2_Q37631972_P108_1
|
Harold Ruse works for University of Southampton from Jan, 1937 to Jan, 1946.
Harold Ruse works for University of Leeds from Jan, 1946 to Jan, 1970.
Harold Ruse works for University of Edinburgh from Jan, 1928 to Jan, 1937.
|
Harold Stanley RuseHarold Stanley Ruse (12 February 1905, Hastings, England – 20 October 1974, Leeds, England) was an English mathematician, noteworthy for the development of the concept of locally harmonic spaces.He was born in Hastings on the south English coast, the son of Frederick Ruse.He was educated at Hastings Grammar School and then studied Mathematics at Jesus College, Oxford, graduating MA. In 1927 he went in to the University of Edinburgh as a Bruce of Grangehill research scholar. From 1928 to 1937 he was a lecturer in mathematics at the same university, spending session 1933–34 as a Rockefeller Research Fellow at Princeton University; he visited Princeton again in 1952–53.Ruse was a professor of mathematics from 1937 to 1946 at University College, Southampton and from 1946 to 1970 at the University of Leeds, where he retired as professor emeritus. At the Edinburgh Mathematical Society, he was a member from 1927, the Society's secretary from 1930 to 1933, and president for the one year session 1935–1936. At the London Mathematical Society, he was a member from 1929, a member of the Society's Council from 1938 to 1945, and vice-president for the one year session 1942–1943.In 1931 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE). His proposers were Sir Edmund Taylor Whittaker, Sir Charles Galton Darwin, Edward Thomas Copson and Charles Glover Barkla.The RSE awarded him the Keith Medal for an outstanding scientific paper published during 1935–1937 in the RSE's scientific journals. He was an Invited Speaker of the ICM in 1936 in Oslo.He was unmarried and had no children.
|
[
"University of Edinburgh",
"University of Leeds"
] |
|
Which employer did Harold Ruse work for in Jan, 1958?
|
January 04, 1958
|
{
"text": [
"University of Leeds"
]
}
|
L2_Q37631972_P108_2
|
Harold Ruse works for University of Southampton from Jan, 1937 to Jan, 1946.
Harold Ruse works for University of Leeds from Jan, 1946 to Jan, 1970.
Harold Ruse works for University of Edinburgh from Jan, 1928 to Jan, 1937.
|
Harold Stanley RuseHarold Stanley Ruse (12 February 1905, Hastings, England – 20 October 1974, Leeds, England) was an English mathematician, noteworthy for the development of the concept of locally harmonic spaces.He was born in Hastings on the south English coast, the son of Frederick Ruse.He was educated at Hastings Grammar School and then studied Mathematics at Jesus College, Oxford, graduating MA. In 1927 he went in to the University of Edinburgh as a Bruce of Grangehill research scholar. From 1928 to 1937 he was a lecturer in mathematics at the same university, spending session 1933–34 as a Rockefeller Research Fellow at Princeton University; he visited Princeton again in 1952–53.Ruse was a professor of mathematics from 1937 to 1946 at University College, Southampton and from 1946 to 1970 at the University of Leeds, where he retired as professor emeritus. At the Edinburgh Mathematical Society, he was a member from 1927, the Society's secretary from 1930 to 1933, and president for the one year session 1935–1936. At the London Mathematical Society, he was a member from 1929, a member of the Society's Council from 1938 to 1945, and vice-president for the one year session 1942–1943.In 1931 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE). His proposers were Sir Edmund Taylor Whittaker, Sir Charles Galton Darwin, Edward Thomas Copson and Charles Glover Barkla.The RSE awarded him the Keith Medal for an outstanding scientific paper published during 1935–1937 in the RSE's scientific journals. He was an Invited Speaker of the ICM in 1936 in Oslo.He was unmarried and had no children.
|
[
"University of Southampton",
"University of Edinburgh"
] |
|
Which position did Ismaʿil Sidqi hold in Jun, 1914?
|
June 12, 1914
|
{
"text": [
"Agriculture Minister"
]
}
|
L2_Q2456904_P39_0
|
Ismaʿil Sidqi holds the position of Agriculture Minister from Apr, 1914 to Dec, 1914.
Ismaʿil Sidqi holds the position of Minister of Religious Endowment from Dec, 1914 to Oct, 1917.
Ismaʿil Sidqi holds the position of Prime Minister of Egypt from Jan, 1933 to Sep, 1933.
Ismaʿil Sidqi holds the position of Minister of State for Finance from Dec, 1937 to Apr, 1938.
|
Ismail SidkyIsmail Sidky Pasha () (15 June 1875 – 9 July 1950) was an Egyptian politician who served as Prime Minister of Egypt from 1930 to 1933 and again in 1946.He was born in Alexandria and was originally named Isma'il Saddiq but his name was changed after his namesake fell out of favor.Sidky graduated from Collège des Frères in Cairo and the Khedival Law School, then joined the public prosecutor's office. In 1899 he became administrative secretary of the Alexandria municipal commission, serving until 1914, when he was appointed Minister of Agriculture and later Minister of "Waqfs" (Islamic endowments).In 1915, Sidky joined the nationalist Wafd Party and was eventually deported to Malta with party founder Saad Zaghloul and other loyalists in 1919. Following World War I Sidky left the Wafd Party. He served as Minister of Finance in 1921 and 1922 and as Minister of Interior in 1922 and from 1924 to 1925. He then retired from politics.He returned to politics in the 1930s to serve as Prime Minister from June 1930 to September 1933, running as a candidate for the People's Party. He was known as a strong leader and fought the influence of his former Wafd Party. He joined an all-party delegation to negotiate the Anglo-Egyptian treaty of 1936, which established Egypt as a technically sovereign state, although still under British control. In 1938 Sidky retired from politics again. He returned to politics one last time in February 1946 as Prime Minister, seeking to revise the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty. After failing to unite Egypt and the Sudan under Egyptian sovereignty, Sidky resigned as Prime Minister on December 8, 1946. He was succeeded by Mahmoud en-Nokrashy Pasha.
|
[
"Prime Minister of Egypt",
"Minister of Religious Endowment",
"Minister of State for Finance"
] |
|
Which position did Ismaʿil Sidqi hold in May, 1916?
|
May 29, 1916
|
{
"text": [
"Minister of Religious Endowment"
]
}
|
L2_Q2456904_P39_1
|
Ismaʿil Sidqi holds the position of Minister of State for Finance from Dec, 1937 to Apr, 1938.
Ismaʿil Sidqi holds the position of Minister of Religious Endowment from Dec, 1914 to Oct, 1917.
Ismaʿil Sidqi holds the position of Agriculture Minister from Apr, 1914 to Dec, 1914.
Ismaʿil Sidqi holds the position of Prime Minister of Egypt from Jan, 1933 to Sep, 1933.
|
Ismail SidkyIsmail Sidky Pasha () (15 June 1875 – 9 July 1950) was an Egyptian politician who served as Prime Minister of Egypt from 1930 to 1933 and again in 1946.He was born in Alexandria and was originally named Isma'il Saddiq but his name was changed after his namesake fell out of favor.Sidky graduated from Collège des Frères in Cairo and the Khedival Law School, then joined the public prosecutor's office. In 1899 he became administrative secretary of the Alexandria municipal commission, serving until 1914, when he was appointed Minister of Agriculture and later Minister of "Waqfs" (Islamic endowments).In 1915, Sidky joined the nationalist Wafd Party and was eventually deported to Malta with party founder Saad Zaghloul and other loyalists in 1919. Following World War I Sidky left the Wafd Party. He served as Minister of Finance in 1921 and 1922 and as Minister of Interior in 1922 and from 1924 to 1925. He then retired from politics.He returned to politics in the 1930s to serve as Prime Minister from June 1930 to September 1933, running as a candidate for the People's Party. He was known as a strong leader and fought the influence of his former Wafd Party. He joined an all-party delegation to negotiate the Anglo-Egyptian treaty of 1936, which established Egypt as a technically sovereign state, although still under British control. In 1938 Sidky retired from politics again. He returned to politics one last time in February 1946 as Prime Minister, seeking to revise the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty. After failing to unite Egypt and the Sudan under Egyptian sovereignty, Sidky resigned as Prime Minister on December 8, 1946. He was succeeded by Mahmoud en-Nokrashy Pasha.
|
[
"Prime Minister of Egypt",
"Agriculture Minister",
"Minister of State for Finance"
] |
|
Which position did Ismaʿil Sidqi hold in Jan, 1933?
|
January 10, 1933
|
{
"text": [
"Prime Minister of Egypt"
]
}
|
L2_Q2456904_P39_2
|
Ismaʿil Sidqi holds the position of Agriculture Minister from Apr, 1914 to Dec, 1914.
Ismaʿil Sidqi holds the position of Prime Minister of Egypt from Jan, 1933 to Sep, 1933.
Ismaʿil Sidqi holds the position of Minister of Religious Endowment from Dec, 1914 to Oct, 1917.
Ismaʿil Sidqi holds the position of Minister of State for Finance from Dec, 1937 to Apr, 1938.
|
Ismail SidkyIsmail Sidky Pasha () (15 June 1875 – 9 July 1950) was an Egyptian politician who served as Prime Minister of Egypt from 1930 to 1933 and again in 1946.He was born in Alexandria and was originally named Isma'il Saddiq but his name was changed after his namesake fell out of favor.Sidky graduated from Collège des Frères in Cairo and the Khedival Law School, then joined the public prosecutor's office. In 1899 he became administrative secretary of the Alexandria municipal commission, serving until 1914, when he was appointed Minister of Agriculture and later Minister of "Waqfs" (Islamic endowments).In 1915, Sidky joined the nationalist Wafd Party and was eventually deported to Malta with party founder Saad Zaghloul and other loyalists in 1919. Following World War I Sidky left the Wafd Party. He served as Minister of Finance in 1921 and 1922 and as Minister of Interior in 1922 and from 1924 to 1925. He then retired from politics.He returned to politics in the 1930s to serve as Prime Minister from June 1930 to September 1933, running as a candidate for the People's Party. He was known as a strong leader and fought the influence of his former Wafd Party. He joined an all-party delegation to negotiate the Anglo-Egyptian treaty of 1936, which established Egypt as a technically sovereign state, although still under British control. In 1938 Sidky retired from politics again. He returned to politics one last time in February 1946 as Prime Minister, seeking to revise the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty. After failing to unite Egypt and the Sudan under Egyptian sovereignty, Sidky resigned as Prime Minister on December 8, 1946. He was succeeded by Mahmoud en-Nokrashy Pasha.
|
[
"Agriculture Minister",
"Minister of Religious Endowment",
"Minister of State for Finance"
] |
|
Which position did Ismaʿil Sidqi hold in Jan, 1938?
|
January 08, 1938
|
{
"text": [
"Minister of State for Finance"
]
}
|
L2_Q2456904_P39_3
|
Ismaʿil Sidqi holds the position of Agriculture Minister from Apr, 1914 to Dec, 1914.
Ismaʿil Sidqi holds the position of Prime Minister of Egypt from Jan, 1933 to Sep, 1933.
Ismaʿil Sidqi holds the position of Minister of Religious Endowment from Dec, 1914 to Oct, 1917.
Ismaʿil Sidqi holds the position of Minister of State for Finance from Dec, 1937 to Apr, 1938.
|
Ismail SidkyIsmail Sidky Pasha () (15 June 1875 – 9 July 1950) was an Egyptian politician who served as Prime Minister of Egypt from 1930 to 1933 and again in 1946.He was born in Alexandria and was originally named Isma'il Saddiq but his name was changed after his namesake fell out of favor.Sidky graduated from Collège des Frères in Cairo and the Khedival Law School, then joined the public prosecutor's office. In 1899 he became administrative secretary of the Alexandria municipal commission, serving until 1914, when he was appointed Minister of Agriculture and later Minister of "Waqfs" (Islamic endowments).In 1915, Sidky joined the nationalist Wafd Party and was eventually deported to Malta with party founder Saad Zaghloul and other loyalists in 1919. Following World War I Sidky left the Wafd Party. He served as Minister of Finance in 1921 and 1922 and as Minister of Interior in 1922 and from 1924 to 1925. He then retired from politics.He returned to politics in the 1930s to serve as Prime Minister from June 1930 to September 1933, running as a candidate for the People's Party. He was known as a strong leader and fought the influence of his former Wafd Party. He joined an all-party delegation to negotiate the Anglo-Egyptian treaty of 1936, which established Egypt as a technically sovereign state, although still under British control. In 1938 Sidky retired from politics again. He returned to politics one last time in February 1946 as Prime Minister, seeking to revise the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty. After failing to unite Egypt and the Sudan under Egyptian sovereignty, Sidky resigned as Prime Minister on December 8, 1946. He was succeeded by Mahmoud en-Nokrashy Pasha.
|
[
"Prime Minister of Egypt",
"Agriculture Minister",
"Minister of Religious Endowment"
] |
|
Which position did Michael Noonan hold in Nov, 1981?
|
November 14, 1981
|
{
"text": [
"Teachta Dála"
]
}
|
L2_Q1390688_P39_0
|
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Justice and Equality from Dec, 1982 to Feb, 1986.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Leader of Fine Gael from Feb, 2001 to Jun, 2002.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Leader of the Opposition from Feb, 2001 to Jun, 2002.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Finance from Mar, 2011 to Jun, 2017.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Health from Dec, 1994 to Jun, 1997.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media from Jan, 1987 to Mar, 1987.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Teachta Dála from Jun, 1981 to Jan, 1982.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation from Feb, 1986 to Mar, 1987.
|
Michael Noonan (Fine Gael politician)Michael Noonan (born 21 May 1943) is an Irish former Fine Gael politician who served as Minister for Finance from 2011 to 2017, Leader of the Opposition and Leader of Fine Gael from 2001 to 2002, Minister for Health from 1994 to 1997, Minister for Industry and Commerce from 1986 to 1987, Minister for Energy from January 1987 to March 1987 and Minister for Justice from 1982 to 1986. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1981 to 2020.Noonan had been a member of every Fine Gael cabinet since 1982, serving in the cabinets of Garret FitzGerald, John Bruton and Enda Kenny. During these terms of office he held the positions of Justice, Energy, Industry and Commerce, Health and Finance. When Fine Gael lost power after the 1997 general election, Noonan remained an important figure in the party when he became Opposition Spokesperson for Finance.He succeeded John Bruton as Leader of Fine Gael and Leader of the Opposition in 2001, however, he resigned following Fine Gael's disastrous showing at the 2002 general election. After eight years as a backbencher, during which time he served as Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee, Fine Gael leader Enda Kenny appointed Noonan to his front bench in 2010, to his former portfolio of Spokesperson for Finance.The son of a local school teacher, Noonan was born in Limerick in 1943, but raised in Loughill, County Limerick. He was educated at the local National School and St. Patrick's Secondary School in Glin, before studying to be a primary school teacher at St. Patrick's College, Drumcondra, Dublin. He subsequently completed a BA and H.Dip. in English and Economics at University College Dublin. He began to work as a secondary school teacher in Dublin. Noonan developed an interest in politics from his mother, whose family had been heavily involved in Fine Gael at local level in Limerick, and joined the Dublin branch of the party after graduating from university. He returned to Limerick in the late 1960s, where he took up a teaching post at Crescent College. Here he continued his involvement in politics, canvassing for the Fine Gael candidate, James O'Higgins, in the Limerick East by-election in 1968, caused by the death of Donogh O'Malley.Having been involved in the local Fine Gael organisation in Limerick since the late 1960s, Noonan first held political office in 1974, when he was elected as a member of Limerick County Council. Having built up a local profile he contested the 1981 general election for the party and secured a seat in Limerick East. Upon taking his Dáil seat, Noonan became a full-time politician, giving up his teaching post and resigning his seat on Limerick County Council. Though Fine Gael formed a coalition government with the Labour Party, Noonan, as a first time TD, remained on the backbenches.Fine Gael lost power following the first general election in early 1982, however, Noonan subsequently joined the party's new front bench as Spokesperson for Education. A second general election in late 1982 following the collapse of the Fianna Fáil government, saw another Fine Gael-Labour Party coalition come to power. Just eighteen months after entering the Dáil, Noonan was appointed to the highly sensitive position of Minister for Justice. After a few weeks in office he revealed the illegal phone-tapping of journalists' phones, carried out by the previous Fianna Fáil administration that preceded it in power. That government had authorised illegal phone tapping of the journalists Geraldine Kennedy, Bruce Arnold and Vincent Browne. Seán Doherty signed warrants for the taps while serving as Minister for Justice. Noonan quickly earned a reputation as a tough and uncompromising Minister, regarded by many as one of the best incumbents of the position. His successes included the introduction of a new Criminal Justice Bill while also bringing in reforms in the Garda Síochána, the courts and the prison service and the facing down of a difficult prison officers' dispute. He also dealt with the wording of the controversial abortion referendum in 1983. Noonan, however, also presided over the justice ministry when inmates in an overcrowded and understaffed Spike Island prison set fire to the building.A cabinet reshuffle in 1986, saw Noonan demoted to the position of Minister for Industry and Commerce. Following the withdrawal of the Labour Party from government in 1987, Noonan also briefly took office as Minister for Energy.Fine Gael lost power following the 1987 general election and were confined to the opposition benches. The new Fine Gael leader, Alan Dukes, appointed Noonan to the senior position of front bench Spokesperson for Finance and the Public Service. The party did poorly under Dukes and he was replaced by John Bruton in 1990. Noonan was retained on the new front bench, however, he was demoted to the position of Spokesperson for Transport, Energy and Communications. In 1991, he returned to local politics as a member of Limerick County Council, serving again until 1994. Noonan's period in opposition often saw him at odds with his party leader. Not long after his demotion as Spokesperson for Finance, he announced that he would be taking "positions of leadership" on a wide range of important issues. This was seen as a veiled threat to John Bruton's leadership, with Noonan positioning himself as an alternative party leader. In 1994, a number of Fine Gael TDs attempted to oust Bruton as party leader following poor showings in opinion polls. Noonan aligned himself with the rebels and stated that he would stand for the leadership should Bruton be defeated. The latter survived as leader and Noonan resigned from the front bench.In 1994, the 'Rainbow Coalition' was formed and Noonan became Minister for Health. The Department of Health was embroiled in a scandal at the time regarding blood products contaminated with Hepatitis C virus, caused by the negligence of the Blood Transfusion Service Board. Noonan consistently held an authoritarian line on the case of Brigid McCole and would not budge on his views, suffering as a result of the scandal. He threatened to take Bridget's mother Ellen to the Supreme Court, when she wondered why her daughter had contracted the disease. Noonan was forced to establish the Hepatitis C Tribunal of Inquiry and to issue several apologies for his handling of the affair. Noonan remained as Minister for Health until the 1997 general election. "The Irish Times" said "the woman involved had been infected by a negligent State agency, in the biggest health scandal since its foundation." When RTÉ broadcast a drama, "No Tears", on Noonan's treatment of Bridget McCole, Justine McCarthy wrote in the "Irish Independent" that Noonan "compounded the perception of a heartless pedant by whingeing about the way he was depicted in the drama's final episode, broadcast on the same night that he declined to appear on "Questions & Answers" and when it was reported that yet another woman who was infected by the State had died from the illness."His home was picketed by anti-abortion campaign group Youth Defence.Despite increasing their seats to 54, Fine Gael returned to opposition and Noonan became Opposition Spokesman for Finance following the 1997 general election. In 2001, following a series of disastrous opinion polls, Noonan and his colleague, Jim Mitchell, tabled a motion of no confidence in the leader, John Bruton. The motion was successful in ousting Bruton as leader, with Noonan becoming leader of Fine Gael and Leader of the Opposition with Mitchell becoming deputy leader. Noonan avoided requests to be interviewed on TV and radio programmes, including some on RTÉ and Today FM, ahead of the leadership election.At the 2002 general election, Fine Gael had a disastrous result, dropping from 54 seats to 31 and a number of high-profile front bench member losses, including Alan Dukes, Deirdre Clune, Alan Shatter and deputy leader Jim Mitchell. Noonan resigned as Fine Gael leader on the night of the election.He was replaced by Enda Kenny, the runner-up to Noonan in the 2001 leadership election. However, Noonan remained as a TD, and was re-elected at the 2007 general election, and went on to serve on Kenny's Front bench. He was Vice-Chairperson of the Joint Oireachtas Committee on Constitutional Amendment and Children.In July 2010, Noonan was promoted to the Fine Gael Front Bench as Spokesperson for Finance. In an August 2010 interview with the Sunday Independent, Noonan said he hoped to become Minister for Finance. At the 2011 general election, he was re-elected as a TD for Limerick City, receiving 13,291 (30.8% 1st preference) votes. On 9 March 2011, he was appointed Minister for Finance by Taoiseach Enda Kenny.In March 2011, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the European Union (EU) backed the proposed programme for government and gave the coalition the green light to make changes to the terms of the multibillion-euro bailout. After meeting officials from the IMF – including Ireland mission head Ajai Chopra – European Central Bank (ECB) and European Commission (EC), Noonan said it was agreed the terms of the rescue deal would be altered, as long as the financial targets remain the same. "What was being discussed in general terms was our proposal that the conditions and the memorandum of understanding would be changed for alternative conditions which are in the programme for government," Noonan said.In July 2011, Noonan speaking after an EU summit on 21 July said that the new deal agreed with euro zone leaders means a second bailout for Ireland is "off the table". The deal will see a reduction in the interest rate on bailout loans to Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Italy. This followed a 10-hour emergency summit at which eurozone leaders agreed to provide a second international bailout worth €109 billion to Greece. The plan will be funded by eurozone countries, the proceeds of privatisations and the anticipated €12.6 billion benefit of a debt buyback programme. Noonan said a provision in the agreement meant Ireland would not have to go back to markets when the programme ended if the country had not reached its deficit target. "There's a commitment that if countries continue to fulfil the conditions of their programme, the European authorities will continue to supply them with money even when the programme concludes," he said. There would be "little or no easing" of budgetary conditions for this year, but there could be more positive implications in later years. "I'm afraid we still have to face the music in December," he said.In November 2011, he said the payment of more than €700 million to Anglo Irish Bank bondholders was "the lesser of two evils". On 16 May 2012, Noonan caused controversy with his Greek "holidays" and "feta cheese" comment at a breakfast briefing with Bloomberg news agency. Noonan said these were the only links between Ireland and Greece. He attended the 2012 Bilderberg Conference in his capacity of Minister for Finance at Chantilly, Virginia, from 31 May-3 June 2012. On 5 December 2012, he delivered his second budget as Minister for Finance, which included a new property tax to be introduced in 2013.In February 2013, a deal was reached with the European Central Bank (ECB) in relation to the promissory note used to bail out the former Anglo Irish Bank. Noonan said that the government had achieved its objectives in the negotiations with the ECB, and that the arrangement meant that there would be €1bn less taken from them in terms of taxes and spending cuts up to 2015. Noonan said that the government did not ask for a write down on the Anglo Irish debt during negotiations with the ECB as "the ECB does not do write downs".On 15 October 2013, he delivered the budget for 2014.Following improvements in Ireland's unemployment rate and outlook for growth, the securing of the February 2013 Anglo Irish Bank promissory note deal with the European Central Bank, and Ireland's exit from the EU/IMF/ECB bailout programme and successful return to the bond markets, Noonan was named Europe's best Finance Minister for the previous year in January 2014 by the Financial Times-owned magazine The Banker.When the European Central Bank raised the limit on the amount of emergency liquidity assistance (ELA) available to Greek banks by about €2 billion at the height of the country's government-debt crisis in June 2015, Noonan joined his German counterpart Wolfgang Schäuble in arguing forcefully for limits on the amount of ELA approved by the central bank unless capital controls were introduced.In July 2016, the Central Statistics Office announced 2015 Irish GDP growth of 26.3% and Irish GNP growth of 18.7%. The growth became known internationally by the pejorative term, leprechaun economics. Noonan attributed the figures to multinational restructuring following the closure of the double Irish tax scheme, however they were subsequently attributed to Apple in 2018 (widely suspected in 2016). Noonan came to the defense of Apple when the European Commission announced in August 2016 that it had found against Apple in its investigation of illegal State aid. Noonan led the rejection of any claim by Ireland to the EU Commission's €13 billion fine on Apple, calling it an "attack" by the Commission, and was supported by the main opposition party. In October 2016, Noonan introduced changes in the 2016 Finance Act to curb tax abuses of section 110 special purpose vehicles, (securitisation vehicles for IFSC firms), by US distressed debt funds in Ireland (pejoratively called vulture funds in the Irish media). Investigations into these abuses by the financial media, showed the scale and rapid gains these funds were making from NAMA's disposal program, and that these gains were free of Irish taxes. It led to some revision as to whether Noonan had been too quick in selling State assets to distressed debt funds, and had given overly generous tax benefits and incentives.In May 2017, he announced he would be stepping down as Minister for Finance in the coming weeks when a new Taoiseach was appointed, and as a member of the Dáil at the next general election.Noonan married Florence Knightley, a native of Castlemaine, County Kerry and a primary school teacher, in 1969. They had three sons: Tim, John and Michael, and two daughters: Orla and Deirdre. In May 2010, Noonan appeared on RTÉ's "The Frontline" to talk about his wife's battle with Alzheimer's disease. Florence Noonan died on 23 February 2012 of pneumonia.
|
[
"Leader of Fine Gael",
"Minister for Health",
"Minister for Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation",
"Leader of the Opposition",
"Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media",
"Minister for Finance",
"Minister for Justice and Equality"
] |
|
Which position did Michael Noonan hold in Jan, 1986?
|
January 03, 1986
|
{
"text": [
"Minister for Justice and Equality"
]
}
|
L2_Q1390688_P39_1
|
Michael Noonan holds the position of Leader of the Opposition from Feb, 2001 to Jun, 2002.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Health from Dec, 1994 to Jun, 1997.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Justice and Equality from Dec, 1982 to Feb, 1986.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation from Feb, 1986 to Mar, 1987.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Finance from Mar, 2011 to Jun, 2017.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Teachta Dála from Jun, 1981 to Jan, 1982.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media from Jan, 1987 to Mar, 1987.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Leader of Fine Gael from Feb, 2001 to Jun, 2002.
|
Michael Noonan (Fine Gael politician)Michael Noonan (born 21 May 1943) is an Irish former Fine Gael politician who served as Minister for Finance from 2011 to 2017, Leader of the Opposition and Leader of Fine Gael from 2001 to 2002, Minister for Health from 1994 to 1997, Minister for Industry and Commerce from 1986 to 1987, Minister for Energy from January 1987 to March 1987 and Minister for Justice from 1982 to 1986. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1981 to 2020.Noonan had been a member of every Fine Gael cabinet since 1982, serving in the cabinets of Garret FitzGerald, John Bruton and Enda Kenny. During these terms of office he held the positions of Justice, Energy, Industry and Commerce, Health and Finance. When Fine Gael lost power after the 1997 general election, Noonan remained an important figure in the party when he became Opposition Spokesperson for Finance.He succeeded John Bruton as Leader of Fine Gael and Leader of the Opposition in 2001, however, he resigned following Fine Gael's disastrous showing at the 2002 general election. After eight years as a backbencher, during which time he served as Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee, Fine Gael leader Enda Kenny appointed Noonan to his front bench in 2010, to his former portfolio of Spokesperson for Finance.The son of a local school teacher, Noonan was born in Limerick in 1943, but raised in Loughill, County Limerick. He was educated at the local National School and St. Patrick's Secondary School in Glin, before studying to be a primary school teacher at St. Patrick's College, Drumcondra, Dublin. He subsequently completed a BA and H.Dip. in English and Economics at University College Dublin. He began to work as a secondary school teacher in Dublin. Noonan developed an interest in politics from his mother, whose family had been heavily involved in Fine Gael at local level in Limerick, and joined the Dublin branch of the party after graduating from university. He returned to Limerick in the late 1960s, where he took up a teaching post at Crescent College. Here he continued his involvement in politics, canvassing for the Fine Gael candidate, James O'Higgins, in the Limerick East by-election in 1968, caused by the death of Donogh O'Malley.Having been involved in the local Fine Gael organisation in Limerick since the late 1960s, Noonan first held political office in 1974, when he was elected as a member of Limerick County Council. Having built up a local profile he contested the 1981 general election for the party and secured a seat in Limerick East. Upon taking his Dáil seat, Noonan became a full-time politician, giving up his teaching post and resigning his seat on Limerick County Council. Though Fine Gael formed a coalition government with the Labour Party, Noonan, as a first time TD, remained on the backbenches.Fine Gael lost power following the first general election in early 1982, however, Noonan subsequently joined the party's new front bench as Spokesperson for Education. A second general election in late 1982 following the collapse of the Fianna Fáil government, saw another Fine Gael-Labour Party coalition come to power. Just eighteen months after entering the Dáil, Noonan was appointed to the highly sensitive position of Minister for Justice. After a few weeks in office he revealed the illegal phone-tapping of journalists' phones, carried out by the previous Fianna Fáil administration that preceded it in power. That government had authorised illegal phone tapping of the journalists Geraldine Kennedy, Bruce Arnold and Vincent Browne. Seán Doherty signed warrants for the taps while serving as Minister for Justice. Noonan quickly earned a reputation as a tough and uncompromising Minister, regarded by many as one of the best incumbents of the position. His successes included the introduction of a new Criminal Justice Bill while also bringing in reforms in the Garda Síochána, the courts and the prison service and the facing down of a difficult prison officers' dispute. He also dealt with the wording of the controversial abortion referendum in 1983. Noonan, however, also presided over the justice ministry when inmates in an overcrowded and understaffed Spike Island prison set fire to the building.A cabinet reshuffle in 1986, saw Noonan demoted to the position of Minister for Industry and Commerce. Following the withdrawal of the Labour Party from government in 1987, Noonan also briefly took office as Minister for Energy.Fine Gael lost power following the 1987 general election and were confined to the opposition benches. The new Fine Gael leader, Alan Dukes, appointed Noonan to the senior position of front bench Spokesperson for Finance and the Public Service. The party did poorly under Dukes and he was replaced by John Bruton in 1990. Noonan was retained on the new front bench, however, he was demoted to the position of Spokesperson for Transport, Energy and Communications. In 1991, he returned to local politics as a member of Limerick County Council, serving again until 1994. Noonan's period in opposition often saw him at odds with his party leader. Not long after his demotion as Spokesperson for Finance, he announced that he would be taking "positions of leadership" on a wide range of important issues. This was seen as a veiled threat to John Bruton's leadership, with Noonan positioning himself as an alternative party leader. In 1994, a number of Fine Gael TDs attempted to oust Bruton as party leader following poor showings in opinion polls. Noonan aligned himself with the rebels and stated that he would stand for the leadership should Bruton be defeated. The latter survived as leader and Noonan resigned from the front bench.In 1994, the 'Rainbow Coalition' was formed and Noonan became Minister for Health. The Department of Health was embroiled in a scandal at the time regarding blood products contaminated with Hepatitis C virus, caused by the negligence of the Blood Transfusion Service Board. Noonan consistently held an authoritarian line on the case of Brigid McCole and would not budge on his views, suffering as a result of the scandal. He threatened to take Bridget's mother Ellen to the Supreme Court, when she wondered why her daughter had contracted the disease. Noonan was forced to establish the Hepatitis C Tribunal of Inquiry and to issue several apologies for his handling of the affair. Noonan remained as Minister for Health until the 1997 general election. "The Irish Times" said "the woman involved had been infected by a negligent State agency, in the biggest health scandal since its foundation." When RTÉ broadcast a drama, "No Tears", on Noonan's treatment of Bridget McCole, Justine McCarthy wrote in the "Irish Independent" that Noonan "compounded the perception of a heartless pedant by whingeing about the way he was depicted in the drama's final episode, broadcast on the same night that he declined to appear on "Questions & Answers" and when it was reported that yet another woman who was infected by the State had died from the illness."His home was picketed by anti-abortion campaign group Youth Defence.Despite increasing their seats to 54, Fine Gael returned to opposition and Noonan became Opposition Spokesman for Finance following the 1997 general election. In 2001, following a series of disastrous opinion polls, Noonan and his colleague, Jim Mitchell, tabled a motion of no confidence in the leader, John Bruton. The motion was successful in ousting Bruton as leader, with Noonan becoming leader of Fine Gael and Leader of the Opposition with Mitchell becoming deputy leader. Noonan avoided requests to be interviewed on TV and radio programmes, including some on RTÉ and Today FM, ahead of the leadership election.At the 2002 general election, Fine Gael had a disastrous result, dropping from 54 seats to 31 and a number of high-profile front bench member losses, including Alan Dukes, Deirdre Clune, Alan Shatter and deputy leader Jim Mitchell. Noonan resigned as Fine Gael leader on the night of the election.He was replaced by Enda Kenny, the runner-up to Noonan in the 2001 leadership election. However, Noonan remained as a TD, and was re-elected at the 2007 general election, and went on to serve on Kenny's Front bench. He was Vice-Chairperson of the Joint Oireachtas Committee on Constitutional Amendment and Children.In July 2010, Noonan was promoted to the Fine Gael Front Bench as Spokesperson for Finance. In an August 2010 interview with the Sunday Independent, Noonan said he hoped to become Minister for Finance. At the 2011 general election, he was re-elected as a TD for Limerick City, receiving 13,291 (30.8% 1st preference) votes. On 9 March 2011, he was appointed Minister for Finance by Taoiseach Enda Kenny.In March 2011, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the European Union (EU) backed the proposed programme for government and gave the coalition the green light to make changes to the terms of the multibillion-euro bailout. After meeting officials from the IMF – including Ireland mission head Ajai Chopra – European Central Bank (ECB) and European Commission (EC), Noonan said it was agreed the terms of the rescue deal would be altered, as long as the financial targets remain the same. "What was being discussed in general terms was our proposal that the conditions and the memorandum of understanding would be changed for alternative conditions which are in the programme for government," Noonan said.In July 2011, Noonan speaking after an EU summit on 21 July said that the new deal agreed with euro zone leaders means a second bailout for Ireland is "off the table". The deal will see a reduction in the interest rate on bailout loans to Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Italy. This followed a 10-hour emergency summit at which eurozone leaders agreed to provide a second international bailout worth €109 billion to Greece. The plan will be funded by eurozone countries, the proceeds of privatisations and the anticipated €12.6 billion benefit of a debt buyback programme. Noonan said a provision in the agreement meant Ireland would not have to go back to markets when the programme ended if the country had not reached its deficit target. "There's a commitment that if countries continue to fulfil the conditions of their programme, the European authorities will continue to supply them with money even when the programme concludes," he said. There would be "little or no easing" of budgetary conditions for this year, but there could be more positive implications in later years. "I'm afraid we still have to face the music in December," he said.In November 2011, he said the payment of more than €700 million to Anglo Irish Bank bondholders was "the lesser of two evils". On 16 May 2012, Noonan caused controversy with his Greek "holidays" and "feta cheese" comment at a breakfast briefing with Bloomberg news agency. Noonan said these were the only links between Ireland and Greece. He attended the 2012 Bilderberg Conference in his capacity of Minister for Finance at Chantilly, Virginia, from 31 May-3 June 2012. On 5 December 2012, he delivered his second budget as Minister for Finance, which included a new property tax to be introduced in 2013.In February 2013, a deal was reached with the European Central Bank (ECB) in relation to the promissory note used to bail out the former Anglo Irish Bank. Noonan said that the government had achieved its objectives in the negotiations with the ECB, and that the arrangement meant that there would be €1bn less taken from them in terms of taxes and spending cuts up to 2015. Noonan said that the government did not ask for a write down on the Anglo Irish debt during negotiations with the ECB as "the ECB does not do write downs".On 15 October 2013, he delivered the budget for 2014.Following improvements in Ireland's unemployment rate and outlook for growth, the securing of the February 2013 Anglo Irish Bank promissory note deal with the European Central Bank, and Ireland's exit from the EU/IMF/ECB bailout programme and successful return to the bond markets, Noonan was named Europe's best Finance Minister for the previous year in January 2014 by the Financial Times-owned magazine The Banker.When the European Central Bank raised the limit on the amount of emergency liquidity assistance (ELA) available to Greek banks by about €2 billion at the height of the country's government-debt crisis in June 2015, Noonan joined his German counterpart Wolfgang Schäuble in arguing forcefully for limits on the amount of ELA approved by the central bank unless capital controls were introduced.In July 2016, the Central Statistics Office announced 2015 Irish GDP growth of 26.3% and Irish GNP growth of 18.7%. The growth became known internationally by the pejorative term, leprechaun economics. Noonan attributed the figures to multinational restructuring following the closure of the double Irish tax scheme, however they were subsequently attributed to Apple in 2018 (widely suspected in 2016). Noonan came to the defense of Apple when the European Commission announced in August 2016 that it had found against Apple in its investigation of illegal State aid. Noonan led the rejection of any claim by Ireland to the EU Commission's €13 billion fine on Apple, calling it an "attack" by the Commission, and was supported by the main opposition party. In October 2016, Noonan introduced changes in the 2016 Finance Act to curb tax abuses of section 110 special purpose vehicles, (securitisation vehicles for IFSC firms), by US distressed debt funds in Ireland (pejoratively called vulture funds in the Irish media). Investigations into these abuses by the financial media, showed the scale and rapid gains these funds were making from NAMA's disposal program, and that these gains were free of Irish taxes. It led to some revision as to whether Noonan had been too quick in selling State assets to distressed debt funds, and had given overly generous tax benefits and incentives.In May 2017, he announced he would be stepping down as Minister for Finance in the coming weeks when a new Taoiseach was appointed, and as a member of the Dáil at the next general election.Noonan married Florence Knightley, a native of Castlemaine, County Kerry and a primary school teacher, in 1969. They had three sons: Tim, John and Michael, and two daughters: Orla and Deirdre. In May 2010, Noonan appeared on RTÉ's "The Frontline" to talk about his wife's battle with Alzheimer's disease. Florence Noonan died on 23 February 2012 of pneumonia.
|
[
"Leader of Fine Gael",
"Minister for Health",
"Minister for Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation",
"Leader of the Opposition",
"Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media",
"Minister for Finance",
"Teachta Dála"
] |
|
Which position did Michael Noonan hold in Oct, 1986?
|
October 28, 1986
|
{
"text": [
"Minister for Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation"
]
}
|
L2_Q1390688_P39_2
|
Michael Noonan holds the position of Leader of the Opposition from Feb, 2001 to Jun, 2002.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Teachta Dála from Jun, 1981 to Jan, 1982.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Leader of Fine Gael from Feb, 2001 to Jun, 2002.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation from Feb, 1986 to Mar, 1987.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Finance from Mar, 2011 to Jun, 2017.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media from Jan, 1987 to Mar, 1987.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Justice and Equality from Dec, 1982 to Feb, 1986.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Health from Dec, 1994 to Jun, 1997.
|
Michael Noonan (Fine Gael politician)Michael Noonan (born 21 May 1943) is an Irish former Fine Gael politician who served as Minister for Finance from 2011 to 2017, Leader of the Opposition and Leader of Fine Gael from 2001 to 2002, Minister for Health from 1994 to 1997, Minister for Industry and Commerce from 1986 to 1987, Minister for Energy from January 1987 to March 1987 and Minister for Justice from 1982 to 1986. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1981 to 2020.Noonan had been a member of every Fine Gael cabinet since 1982, serving in the cabinets of Garret FitzGerald, John Bruton and Enda Kenny. During these terms of office he held the positions of Justice, Energy, Industry and Commerce, Health and Finance. When Fine Gael lost power after the 1997 general election, Noonan remained an important figure in the party when he became Opposition Spokesperson for Finance.He succeeded John Bruton as Leader of Fine Gael and Leader of the Opposition in 2001, however, he resigned following Fine Gael's disastrous showing at the 2002 general election. After eight years as a backbencher, during which time he served as Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee, Fine Gael leader Enda Kenny appointed Noonan to his front bench in 2010, to his former portfolio of Spokesperson for Finance.The son of a local school teacher, Noonan was born in Limerick in 1943, but raised in Loughill, County Limerick. He was educated at the local National School and St. Patrick's Secondary School in Glin, before studying to be a primary school teacher at St. Patrick's College, Drumcondra, Dublin. He subsequently completed a BA and H.Dip. in English and Economics at University College Dublin. He began to work as a secondary school teacher in Dublin. Noonan developed an interest in politics from his mother, whose family had been heavily involved in Fine Gael at local level in Limerick, and joined the Dublin branch of the party after graduating from university. He returned to Limerick in the late 1960s, where he took up a teaching post at Crescent College. Here he continued his involvement in politics, canvassing for the Fine Gael candidate, James O'Higgins, in the Limerick East by-election in 1968, caused by the death of Donogh O'Malley.Having been involved in the local Fine Gael organisation in Limerick since the late 1960s, Noonan first held political office in 1974, when he was elected as a member of Limerick County Council. Having built up a local profile he contested the 1981 general election for the party and secured a seat in Limerick East. Upon taking his Dáil seat, Noonan became a full-time politician, giving up his teaching post and resigning his seat on Limerick County Council. Though Fine Gael formed a coalition government with the Labour Party, Noonan, as a first time TD, remained on the backbenches.Fine Gael lost power following the first general election in early 1982, however, Noonan subsequently joined the party's new front bench as Spokesperson for Education. A second general election in late 1982 following the collapse of the Fianna Fáil government, saw another Fine Gael-Labour Party coalition come to power. Just eighteen months after entering the Dáil, Noonan was appointed to the highly sensitive position of Minister for Justice. After a few weeks in office he revealed the illegal phone-tapping of journalists' phones, carried out by the previous Fianna Fáil administration that preceded it in power. That government had authorised illegal phone tapping of the journalists Geraldine Kennedy, Bruce Arnold and Vincent Browne. Seán Doherty signed warrants for the taps while serving as Minister for Justice. Noonan quickly earned a reputation as a tough and uncompromising Minister, regarded by many as one of the best incumbents of the position. His successes included the introduction of a new Criminal Justice Bill while also bringing in reforms in the Garda Síochána, the courts and the prison service and the facing down of a difficult prison officers' dispute. He also dealt with the wording of the controversial abortion referendum in 1983. Noonan, however, also presided over the justice ministry when inmates in an overcrowded and understaffed Spike Island prison set fire to the building.A cabinet reshuffle in 1986, saw Noonan demoted to the position of Minister for Industry and Commerce. Following the withdrawal of the Labour Party from government in 1987, Noonan also briefly took office as Minister for Energy.Fine Gael lost power following the 1987 general election and were confined to the opposition benches. The new Fine Gael leader, Alan Dukes, appointed Noonan to the senior position of front bench Spokesperson for Finance and the Public Service. The party did poorly under Dukes and he was replaced by John Bruton in 1990. Noonan was retained on the new front bench, however, he was demoted to the position of Spokesperson for Transport, Energy and Communications. In 1991, he returned to local politics as a member of Limerick County Council, serving again until 1994. Noonan's period in opposition often saw him at odds with his party leader. Not long after his demotion as Spokesperson for Finance, he announced that he would be taking "positions of leadership" on a wide range of important issues. This was seen as a veiled threat to John Bruton's leadership, with Noonan positioning himself as an alternative party leader. In 1994, a number of Fine Gael TDs attempted to oust Bruton as party leader following poor showings in opinion polls. Noonan aligned himself with the rebels and stated that he would stand for the leadership should Bruton be defeated. The latter survived as leader and Noonan resigned from the front bench.In 1994, the 'Rainbow Coalition' was formed and Noonan became Minister for Health. The Department of Health was embroiled in a scandal at the time regarding blood products contaminated with Hepatitis C virus, caused by the negligence of the Blood Transfusion Service Board. Noonan consistently held an authoritarian line on the case of Brigid McCole and would not budge on his views, suffering as a result of the scandal. He threatened to take Bridget's mother Ellen to the Supreme Court, when she wondered why her daughter had contracted the disease. Noonan was forced to establish the Hepatitis C Tribunal of Inquiry and to issue several apologies for his handling of the affair. Noonan remained as Minister for Health until the 1997 general election. "The Irish Times" said "the woman involved had been infected by a negligent State agency, in the biggest health scandal since its foundation." When RTÉ broadcast a drama, "No Tears", on Noonan's treatment of Bridget McCole, Justine McCarthy wrote in the "Irish Independent" that Noonan "compounded the perception of a heartless pedant by whingeing about the way he was depicted in the drama's final episode, broadcast on the same night that he declined to appear on "Questions & Answers" and when it was reported that yet another woman who was infected by the State had died from the illness."His home was picketed by anti-abortion campaign group Youth Defence.Despite increasing their seats to 54, Fine Gael returned to opposition and Noonan became Opposition Spokesman for Finance following the 1997 general election. In 2001, following a series of disastrous opinion polls, Noonan and his colleague, Jim Mitchell, tabled a motion of no confidence in the leader, John Bruton. The motion was successful in ousting Bruton as leader, with Noonan becoming leader of Fine Gael and Leader of the Opposition with Mitchell becoming deputy leader. Noonan avoided requests to be interviewed on TV and radio programmes, including some on RTÉ and Today FM, ahead of the leadership election.At the 2002 general election, Fine Gael had a disastrous result, dropping from 54 seats to 31 and a number of high-profile front bench member losses, including Alan Dukes, Deirdre Clune, Alan Shatter and deputy leader Jim Mitchell. Noonan resigned as Fine Gael leader on the night of the election.He was replaced by Enda Kenny, the runner-up to Noonan in the 2001 leadership election. However, Noonan remained as a TD, and was re-elected at the 2007 general election, and went on to serve on Kenny's Front bench. He was Vice-Chairperson of the Joint Oireachtas Committee on Constitutional Amendment and Children.In July 2010, Noonan was promoted to the Fine Gael Front Bench as Spokesperson for Finance. In an August 2010 interview with the Sunday Independent, Noonan said he hoped to become Minister for Finance. At the 2011 general election, he was re-elected as a TD for Limerick City, receiving 13,291 (30.8% 1st preference) votes. On 9 March 2011, he was appointed Minister for Finance by Taoiseach Enda Kenny.In March 2011, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the European Union (EU) backed the proposed programme for government and gave the coalition the green light to make changes to the terms of the multibillion-euro bailout. After meeting officials from the IMF – including Ireland mission head Ajai Chopra – European Central Bank (ECB) and European Commission (EC), Noonan said it was agreed the terms of the rescue deal would be altered, as long as the financial targets remain the same. "What was being discussed in general terms was our proposal that the conditions and the memorandum of understanding would be changed for alternative conditions which are in the programme for government," Noonan said.In July 2011, Noonan speaking after an EU summit on 21 July said that the new deal agreed with euro zone leaders means a second bailout for Ireland is "off the table". The deal will see a reduction in the interest rate on bailout loans to Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Italy. This followed a 10-hour emergency summit at which eurozone leaders agreed to provide a second international bailout worth €109 billion to Greece. The plan will be funded by eurozone countries, the proceeds of privatisations and the anticipated €12.6 billion benefit of a debt buyback programme. Noonan said a provision in the agreement meant Ireland would not have to go back to markets when the programme ended if the country had not reached its deficit target. "There's a commitment that if countries continue to fulfil the conditions of their programme, the European authorities will continue to supply them with money even when the programme concludes," he said. There would be "little or no easing" of budgetary conditions for this year, but there could be more positive implications in later years. "I'm afraid we still have to face the music in December," he said.In November 2011, he said the payment of more than €700 million to Anglo Irish Bank bondholders was "the lesser of two evils". On 16 May 2012, Noonan caused controversy with his Greek "holidays" and "feta cheese" comment at a breakfast briefing with Bloomberg news agency. Noonan said these were the only links between Ireland and Greece. He attended the 2012 Bilderberg Conference in his capacity of Minister for Finance at Chantilly, Virginia, from 31 May-3 June 2012. On 5 December 2012, he delivered his second budget as Minister for Finance, which included a new property tax to be introduced in 2013.In February 2013, a deal was reached with the European Central Bank (ECB) in relation to the promissory note used to bail out the former Anglo Irish Bank. Noonan said that the government had achieved its objectives in the negotiations with the ECB, and that the arrangement meant that there would be €1bn less taken from them in terms of taxes and spending cuts up to 2015. Noonan said that the government did not ask for a write down on the Anglo Irish debt during negotiations with the ECB as "the ECB does not do write downs".On 15 October 2013, he delivered the budget for 2014.Following improvements in Ireland's unemployment rate and outlook for growth, the securing of the February 2013 Anglo Irish Bank promissory note deal with the European Central Bank, and Ireland's exit from the EU/IMF/ECB bailout programme and successful return to the bond markets, Noonan was named Europe's best Finance Minister for the previous year in January 2014 by the Financial Times-owned magazine The Banker.When the European Central Bank raised the limit on the amount of emergency liquidity assistance (ELA) available to Greek banks by about €2 billion at the height of the country's government-debt crisis in June 2015, Noonan joined his German counterpart Wolfgang Schäuble in arguing forcefully for limits on the amount of ELA approved by the central bank unless capital controls were introduced.In July 2016, the Central Statistics Office announced 2015 Irish GDP growth of 26.3% and Irish GNP growth of 18.7%. The growth became known internationally by the pejorative term, leprechaun economics. Noonan attributed the figures to multinational restructuring following the closure of the double Irish tax scheme, however they were subsequently attributed to Apple in 2018 (widely suspected in 2016). Noonan came to the defense of Apple when the European Commission announced in August 2016 that it had found against Apple in its investigation of illegal State aid. Noonan led the rejection of any claim by Ireland to the EU Commission's €13 billion fine on Apple, calling it an "attack" by the Commission, and was supported by the main opposition party. In October 2016, Noonan introduced changes in the 2016 Finance Act to curb tax abuses of section 110 special purpose vehicles, (securitisation vehicles for IFSC firms), by US distressed debt funds in Ireland (pejoratively called vulture funds in the Irish media). Investigations into these abuses by the financial media, showed the scale and rapid gains these funds were making from NAMA's disposal program, and that these gains were free of Irish taxes. It led to some revision as to whether Noonan had been too quick in selling State assets to distressed debt funds, and had given overly generous tax benefits and incentives.In May 2017, he announced he would be stepping down as Minister for Finance in the coming weeks when a new Taoiseach was appointed, and as a member of the Dáil at the next general election.Noonan married Florence Knightley, a native of Castlemaine, County Kerry and a primary school teacher, in 1969. They had three sons: Tim, John and Michael, and two daughters: Orla and Deirdre. In May 2010, Noonan appeared on RTÉ's "The Frontline" to talk about his wife's battle with Alzheimer's disease. Florence Noonan died on 23 February 2012 of pneumonia.
|
[
"Leader of Fine Gael",
"Minister for Health",
"Leader of the Opposition",
"Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media",
"Minister for Finance",
"Minister for Justice and Equality",
"Teachta Dála"
] |
|
Which position did Michael Noonan hold in Feb, 1987?
|
February 26, 1987
|
{
"text": [
"Minister for Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation",
"Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media"
]
}
|
L2_Q1390688_P39_3
|
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation from Feb, 1986 to Mar, 1987.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Leader of the Opposition from Feb, 2001 to Jun, 2002.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Leader of Fine Gael from Feb, 2001 to Jun, 2002.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Justice and Equality from Dec, 1982 to Feb, 1986.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Health from Dec, 1994 to Jun, 1997.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Teachta Dála from Jun, 1981 to Jan, 1982.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media from Jan, 1987 to Mar, 1987.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Finance from Mar, 2011 to Jun, 2017.
|
Michael Noonan (Fine Gael politician)Michael Noonan (born 21 May 1943) is an Irish former Fine Gael politician who served as Minister for Finance from 2011 to 2017, Leader of the Opposition and Leader of Fine Gael from 2001 to 2002, Minister for Health from 1994 to 1997, Minister for Industry and Commerce from 1986 to 1987, Minister for Energy from January 1987 to March 1987 and Minister for Justice from 1982 to 1986. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1981 to 2020.Noonan had been a member of every Fine Gael cabinet since 1982, serving in the cabinets of Garret FitzGerald, John Bruton and Enda Kenny. During these terms of office he held the positions of Justice, Energy, Industry and Commerce, Health and Finance. When Fine Gael lost power after the 1997 general election, Noonan remained an important figure in the party when he became Opposition Spokesperson for Finance.He succeeded John Bruton as Leader of Fine Gael and Leader of the Opposition in 2001, however, he resigned following Fine Gael's disastrous showing at the 2002 general election. After eight years as a backbencher, during which time he served as Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee, Fine Gael leader Enda Kenny appointed Noonan to his front bench in 2010, to his former portfolio of Spokesperson for Finance.The son of a local school teacher, Noonan was born in Limerick in 1943, but raised in Loughill, County Limerick. He was educated at the local National School and St. Patrick's Secondary School in Glin, before studying to be a primary school teacher at St. Patrick's College, Drumcondra, Dublin. He subsequently completed a BA and H.Dip. in English and Economics at University College Dublin. He began to work as a secondary school teacher in Dublin. Noonan developed an interest in politics from his mother, whose family had been heavily involved in Fine Gael at local level in Limerick, and joined the Dublin branch of the party after graduating from university. He returned to Limerick in the late 1960s, where he took up a teaching post at Crescent College. Here he continued his involvement in politics, canvassing for the Fine Gael candidate, James O'Higgins, in the Limerick East by-election in 1968, caused by the death of Donogh O'Malley.Having been involved in the local Fine Gael organisation in Limerick since the late 1960s, Noonan first held political office in 1974, when he was elected as a member of Limerick County Council. Having built up a local profile he contested the 1981 general election for the party and secured a seat in Limerick East. Upon taking his Dáil seat, Noonan became a full-time politician, giving up his teaching post and resigning his seat on Limerick County Council. Though Fine Gael formed a coalition government with the Labour Party, Noonan, as a first time TD, remained on the backbenches.Fine Gael lost power following the first general election in early 1982, however, Noonan subsequently joined the party's new front bench as Spokesperson for Education. A second general election in late 1982 following the collapse of the Fianna Fáil government, saw another Fine Gael-Labour Party coalition come to power. Just eighteen months after entering the Dáil, Noonan was appointed to the highly sensitive position of Minister for Justice. After a few weeks in office he revealed the illegal phone-tapping of journalists' phones, carried out by the previous Fianna Fáil administration that preceded it in power. That government had authorised illegal phone tapping of the journalists Geraldine Kennedy, Bruce Arnold and Vincent Browne. Seán Doherty signed warrants for the taps while serving as Minister for Justice. Noonan quickly earned a reputation as a tough and uncompromising Minister, regarded by many as one of the best incumbents of the position. His successes included the introduction of a new Criminal Justice Bill while also bringing in reforms in the Garda Síochána, the courts and the prison service and the facing down of a difficult prison officers' dispute. He also dealt with the wording of the controversial abortion referendum in 1983. Noonan, however, also presided over the justice ministry when inmates in an overcrowded and understaffed Spike Island prison set fire to the building.A cabinet reshuffle in 1986, saw Noonan demoted to the position of Minister for Industry and Commerce. Following the withdrawal of the Labour Party from government in 1987, Noonan also briefly took office as Minister for Energy.Fine Gael lost power following the 1987 general election and were confined to the opposition benches. The new Fine Gael leader, Alan Dukes, appointed Noonan to the senior position of front bench Spokesperson for Finance and the Public Service. The party did poorly under Dukes and he was replaced by John Bruton in 1990. Noonan was retained on the new front bench, however, he was demoted to the position of Spokesperson for Transport, Energy and Communications. In 1991, he returned to local politics as a member of Limerick County Council, serving again until 1994. Noonan's period in opposition often saw him at odds with his party leader. Not long after his demotion as Spokesperson for Finance, he announced that he would be taking "positions of leadership" on a wide range of important issues. This was seen as a veiled threat to John Bruton's leadership, with Noonan positioning himself as an alternative party leader. In 1994, a number of Fine Gael TDs attempted to oust Bruton as party leader following poor showings in opinion polls. Noonan aligned himself with the rebels and stated that he would stand for the leadership should Bruton be defeated. The latter survived as leader and Noonan resigned from the front bench.In 1994, the 'Rainbow Coalition' was formed and Noonan became Minister for Health. The Department of Health was embroiled in a scandal at the time regarding blood products contaminated with Hepatitis C virus, caused by the negligence of the Blood Transfusion Service Board. Noonan consistently held an authoritarian line on the case of Brigid McCole and would not budge on his views, suffering as a result of the scandal. He threatened to take Bridget's mother Ellen to the Supreme Court, when she wondered why her daughter had contracted the disease. Noonan was forced to establish the Hepatitis C Tribunal of Inquiry and to issue several apologies for his handling of the affair. Noonan remained as Minister for Health until the 1997 general election. "The Irish Times" said "the woman involved had been infected by a negligent State agency, in the biggest health scandal since its foundation." When RTÉ broadcast a drama, "No Tears", on Noonan's treatment of Bridget McCole, Justine McCarthy wrote in the "Irish Independent" that Noonan "compounded the perception of a heartless pedant by whingeing about the way he was depicted in the drama's final episode, broadcast on the same night that he declined to appear on "Questions & Answers" and when it was reported that yet another woman who was infected by the State had died from the illness."His home was picketed by anti-abortion campaign group Youth Defence.Despite increasing their seats to 54, Fine Gael returned to opposition and Noonan became Opposition Spokesman for Finance following the 1997 general election. In 2001, following a series of disastrous opinion polls, Noonan and his colleague, Jim Mitchell, tabled a motion of no confidence in the leader, John Bruton. The motion was successful in ousting Bruton as leader, with Noonan becoming leader of Fine Gael and Leader of the Opposition with Mitchell becoming deputy leader. Noonan avoided requests to be interviewed on TV and radio programmes, including some on RTÉ and Today FM, ahead of the leadership election.At the 2002 general election, Fine Gael had a disastrous result, dropping from 54 seats to 31 and a number of high-profile front bench member losses, including Alan Dukes, Deirdre Clune, Alan Shatter and deputy leader Jim Mitchell. Noonan resigned as Fine Gael leader on the night of the election.He was replaced by Enda Kenny, the runner-up to Noonan in the 2001 leadership election. However, Noonan remained as a TD, and was re-elected at the 2007 general election, and went on to serve on Kenny's Front bench. He was Vice-Chairperson of the Joint Oireachtas Committee on Constitutional Amendment and Children.In July 2010, Noonan was promoted to the Fine Gael Front Bench as Spokesperson for Finance. In an August 2010 interview with the Sunday Independent, Noonan said he hoped to become Minister for Finance. At the 2011 general election, he was re-elected as a TD for Limerick City, receiving 13,291 (30.8% 1st preference) votes. On 9 March 2011, he was appointed Minister for Finance by Taoiseach Enda Kenny.In March 2011, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the European Union (EU) backed the proposed programme for government and gave the coalition the green light to make changes to the terms of the multibillion-euro bailout. After meeting officials from the IMF – including Ireland mission head Ajai Chopra – European Central Bank (ECB) and European Commission (EC), Noonan said it was agreed the terms of the rescue deal would be altered, as long as the financial targets remain the same. "What was being discussed in general terms was our proposal that the conditions and the memorandum of understanding would be changed for alternative conditions which are in the programme for government," Noonan said.In July 2011, Noonan speaking after an EU summit on 21 July said that the new deal agreed with euro zone leaders means a second bailout for Ireland is "off the table". The deal will see a reduction in the interest rate on bailout loans to Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Italy. This followed a 10-hour emergency summit at which eurozone leaders agreed to provide a second international bailout worth €109 billion to Greece. The plan will be funded by eurozone countries, the proceeds of privatisations and the anticipated €12.6 billion benefit of a debt buyback programme. Noonan said a provision in the agreement meant Ireland would not have to go back to markets when the programme ended if the country had not reached its deficit target. "There's a commitment that if countries continue to fulfil the conditions of their programme, the European authorities will continue to supply them with money even when the programme concludes," he said. There would be "little or no easing" of budgetary conditions for this year, but there could be more positive implications in later years. "I'm afraid we still have to face the music in December," he said.In November 2011, he said the payment of more than €700 million to Anglo Irish Bank bondholders was "the lesser of two evils". On 16 May 2012, Noonan caused controversy with his Greek "holidays" and "feta cheese" comment at a breakfast briefing with Bloomberg news agency. Noonan said these were the only links between Ireland and Greece. He attended the 2012 Bilderberg Conference in his capacity of Minister for Finance at Chantilly, Virginia, from 31 May-3 June 2012. On 5 December 2012, he delivered his second budget as Minister for Finance, which included a new property tax to be introduced in 2013.In February 2013, a deal was reached with the European Central Bank (ECB) in relation to the promissory note used to bail out the former Anglo Irish Bank. Noonan said that the government had achieved its objectives in the negotiations with the ECB, and that the arrangement meant that there would be €1bn less taken from them in terms of taxes and spending cuts up to 2015. Noonan said that the government did not ask for a write down on the Anglo Irish debt during negotiations with the ECB as "the ECB does not do write downs".On 15 October 2013, he delivered the budget for 2014.Following improvements in Ireland's unemployment rate and outlook for growth, the securing of the February 2013 Anglo Irish Bank promissory note deal with the European Central Bank, and Ireland's exit from the EU/IMF/ECB bailout programme and successful return to the bond markets, Noonan was named Europe's best Finance Minister for the previous year in January 2014 by the Financial Times-owned magazine The Banker.When the European Central Bank raised the limit on the amount of emergency liquidity assistance (ELA) available to Greek banks by about €2 billion at the height of the country's government-debt crisis in June 2015, Noonan joined his German counterpart Wolfgang Schäuble in arguing forcefully for limits on the amount of ELA approved by the central bank unless capital controls were introduced.In July 2016, the Central Statistics Office announced 2015 Irish GDP growth of 26.3% and Irish GNP growth of 18.7%. The growth became known internationally by the pejorative term, leprechaun economics. Noonan attributed the figures to multinational restructuring following the closure of the double Irish tax scheme, however they were subsequently attributed to Apple in 2018 (widely suspected in 2016). Noonan came to the defense of Apple when the European Commission announced in August 2016 that it had found against Apple in its investigation of illegal State aid. Noonan led the rejection of any claim by Ireland to the EU Commission's €13 billion fine on Apple, calling it an "attack" by the Commission, and was supported by the main opposition party. In October 2016, Noonan introduced changes in the 2016 Finance Act to curb tax abuses of section 110 special purpose vehicles, (securitisation vehicles for IFSC firms), by US distressed debt funds in Ireland (pejoratively called vulture funds in the Irish media). Investigations into these abuses by the financial media, showed the scale and rapid gains these funds were making from NAMA's disposal program, and that these gains were free of Irish taxes. It led to some revision as to whether Noonan had been too quick in selling State assets to distressed debt funds, and had given overly generous tax benefits and incentives.In May 2017, he announced he would be stepping down as Minister for Finance in the coming weeks when a new Taoiseach was appointed, and as a member of the Dáil at the next general election.Noonan married Florence Knightley, a native of Castlemaine, County Kerry and a primary school teacher, in 1969. They had three sons: Tim, John and Michael, and two daughters: Orla and Deirdre. In May 2010, Noonan appeared on RTÉ's "The Frontline" to talk about his wife's battle with Alzheimer's disease. Florence Noonan died on 23 February 2012 of pneumonia.
|
[
"Leader of Fine Gael",
"Minister for Health",
"Leader of the Opposition",
"Minister for Finance",
"Minister for Justice and Equality",
"Teachta Dála"
] |
|
Which position did Michael Noonan hold in Dec, 1994?
|
December 15, 1994
|
{
"text": [
"Minister for Health"
]
}
|
L2_Q1390688_P39_4
|
Michael Noonan holds the position of Leader of the Opposition from Feb, 2001 to Jun, 2002.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Health from Dec, 1994 to Jun, 1997.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Teachta Dála from Jun, 1981 to Jan, 1982.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Finance from Mar, 2011 to Jun, 2017.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation from Feb, 1986 to Mar, 1987.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media from Jan, 1987 to Mar, 1987.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Justice and Equality from Dec, 1982 to Feb, 1986.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Leader of Fine Gael from Feb, 2001 to Jun, 2002.
|
Michael Noonan (Fine Gael politician)Michael Noonan (born 21 May 1943) is an Irish former Fine Gael politician who served as Minister for Finance from 2011 to 2017, Leader of the Opposition and Leader of Fine Gael from 2001 to 2002, Minister for Health from 1994 to 1997, Minister for Industry and Commerce from 1986 to 1987, Minister for Energy from January 1987 to March 1987 and Minister for Justice from 1982 to 1986. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1981 to 2020.Noonan had been a member of every Fine Gael cabinet since 1982, serving in the cabinets of Garret FitzGerald, John Bruton and Enda Kenny. During these terms of office he held the positions of Justice, Energy, Industry and Commerce, Health and Finance. When Fine Gael lost power after the 1997 general election, Noonan remained an important figure in the party when he became Opposition Spokesperson for Finance.He succeeded John Bruton as Leader of Fine Gael and Leader of the Opposition in 2001, however, he resigned following Fine Gael's disastrous showing at the 2002 general election. After eight years as a backbencher, during which time he served as Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee, Fine Gael leader Enda Kenny appointed Noonan to his front bench in 2010, to his former portfolio of Spokesperson for Finance.The son of a local school teacher, Noonan was born in Limerick in 1943, but raised in Loughill, County Limerick. He was educated at the local National School and St. Patrick's Secondary School in Glin, before studying to be a primary school teacher at St. Patrick's College, Drumcondra, Dublin. He subsequently completed a BA and H.Dip. in English and Economics at University College Dublin. He began to work as a secondary school teacher in Dublin. Noonan developed an interest in politics from his mother, whose family had been heavily involved in Fine Gael at local level in Limerick, and joined the Dublin branch of the party after graduating from university. He returned to Limerick in the late 1960s, where he took up a teaching post at Crescent College. Here he continued his involvement in politics, canvassing for the Fine Gael candidate, James O'Higgins, in the Limerick East by-election in 1968, caused by the death of Donogh O'Malley.Having been involved in the local Fine Gael organisation in Limerick since the late 1960s, Noonan first held political office in 1974, when he was elected as a member of Limerick County Council. Having built up a local profile he contested the 1981 general election for the party and secured a seat in Limerick East. Upon taking his Dáil seat, Noonan became a full-time politician, giving up his teaching post and resigning his seat on Limerick County Council. Though Fine Gael formed a coalition government with the Labour Party, Noonan, as a first time TD, remained on the backbenches.Fine Gael lost power following the first general election in early 1982, however, Noonan subsequently joined the party's new front bench as Spokesperson for Education. A second general election in late 1982 following the collapse of the Fianna Fáil government, saw another Fine Gael-Labour Party coalition come to power. Just eighteen months after entering the Dáil, Noonan was appointed to the highly sensitive position of Minister for Justice. After a few weeks in office he revealed the illegal phone-tapping of journalists' phones, carried out by the previous Fianna Fáil administration that preceded it in power. That government had authorised illegal phone tapping of the journalists Geraldine Kennedy, Bruce Arnold and Vincent Browne. Seán Doherty signed warrants for the taps while serving as Minister for Justice. Noonan quickly earned a reputation as a tough and uncompromising Minister, regarded by many as one of the best incumbents of the position. His successes included the introduction of a new Criminal Justice Bill while also bringing in reforms in the Garda Síochána, the courts and the prison service and the facing down of a difficult prison officers' dispute. He also dealt with the wording of the controversial abortion referendum in 1983. Noonan, however, also presided over the justice ministry when inmates in an overcrowded and understaffed Spike Island prison set fire to the building.A cabinet reshuffle in 1986, saw Noonan demoted to the position of Minister for Industry and Commerce. Following the withdrawal of the Labour Party from government in 1987, Noonan also briefly took office as Minister for Energy.Fine Gael lost power following the 1987 general election and were confined to the opposition benches. The new Fine Gael leader, Alan Dukes, appointed Noonan to the senior position of front bench Spokesperson for Finance and the Public Service. The party did poorly under Dukes and he was replaced by John Bruton in 1990. Noonan was retained on the new front bench, however, he was demoted to the position of Spokesperson for Transport, Energy and Communications. In 1991, he returned to local politics as a member of Limerick County Council, serving again until 1994. Noonan's period in opposition often saw him at odds with his party leader. Not long after his demotion as Spokesperson for Finance, he announced that he would be taking "positions of leadership" on a wide range of important issues. This was seen as a veiled threat to John Bruton's leadership, with Noonan positioning himself as an alternative party leader. In 1994, a number of Fine Gael TDs attempted to oust Bruton as party leader following poor showings in opinion polls. Noonan aligned himself with the rebels and stated that he would stand for the leadership should Bruton be defeated. The latter survived as leader and Noonan resigned from the front bench.In 1994, the 'Rainbow Coalition' was formed and Noonan became Minister for Health. The Department of Health was embroiled in a scandal at the time regarding blood products contaminated with Hepatitis C virus, caused by the negligence of the Blood Transfusion Service Board. Noonan consistently held an authoritarian line on the case of Brigid McCole and would not budge on his views, suffering as a result of the scandal. He threatened to take Bridget's mother Ellen to the Supreme Court, when she wondered why her daughter had contracted the disease. Noonan was forced to establish the Hepatitis C Tribunal of Inquiry and to issue several apologies for his handling of the affair. Noonan remained as Minister for Health until the 1997 general election. "The Irish Times" said "the woman involved had been infected by a negligent State agency, in the biggest health scandal since its foundation." When RTÉ broadcast a drama, "No Tears", on Noonan's treatment of Bridget McCole, Justine McCarthy wrote in the "Irish Independent" that Noonan "compounded the perception of a heartless pedant by whingeing about the way he was depicted in the drama's final episode, broadcast on the same night that he declined to appear on "Questions & Answers" and when it was reported that yet another woman who was infected by the State had died from the illness."His home was picketed by anti-abortion campaign group Youth Defence.Despite increasing their seats to 54, Fine Gael returned to opposition and Noonan became Opposition Spokesman for Finance following the 1997 general election. In 2001, following a series of disastrous opinion polls, Noonan and his colleague, Jim Mitchell, tabled a motion of no confidence in the leader, John Bruton. The motion was successful in ousting Bruton as leader, with Noonan becoming leader of Fine Gael and Leader of the Opposition with Mitchell becoming deputy leader. Noonan avoided requests to be interviewed on TV and radio programmes, including some on RTÉ and Today FM, ahead of the leadership election.At the 2002 general election, Fine Gael had a disastrous result, dropping from 54 seats to 31 and a number of high-profile front bench member losses, including Alan Dukes, Deirdre Clune, Alan Shatter and deputy leader Jim Mitchell. Noonan resigned as Fine Gael leader on the night of the election.He was replaced by Enda Kenny, the runner-up to Noonan in the 2001 leadership election. However, Noonan remained as a TD, and was re-elected at the 2007 general election, and went on to serve on Kenny's Front bench. He was Vice-Chairperson of the Joint Oireachtas Committee on Constitutional Amendment and Children.In July 2010, Noonan was promoted to the Fine Gael Front Bench as Spokesperson for Finance. In an August 2010 interview with the Sunday Independent, Noonan said he hoped to become Minister for Finance. At the 2011 general election, he was re-elected as a TD for Limerick City, receiving 13,291 (30.8% 1st preference) votes. On 9 March 2011, he was appointed Minister for Finance by Taoiseach Enda Kenny.In March 2011, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the European Union (EU) backed the proposed programme for government and gave the coalition the green light to make changes to the terms of the multibillion-euro bailout. After meeting officials from the IMF – including Ireland mission head Ajai Chopra – European Central Bank (ECB) and European Commission (EC), Noonan said it was agreed the terms of the rescue deal would be altered, as long as the financial targets remain the same. "What was being discussed in general terms was our proposal that the conditions and the memorandum of understanding would be changed for alternative conditions which are in the programme for government," Noonan said.In July 2011, Noonan speaking after an EU summit on 21 July said that the new deal agreed with euro zone leaders means a second bailout for Ireland is "off the table". The deal will see a reduction in the interest rate on bailout loans to Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Italy. This followed a 10-hour emergency summit at which eurozone leaders agreed to provide a second international bailout worth €109 billion to Greece. The plan will be funded by eurozone countries, the proceeds of privatisations and the anticipated €12.6 billion benefit of a debt buyback programme. Noonan said a provision in the agreement meant Ireland would not have to go back to markets when the programme ended if the country had not reached its deficit target. "There's a commitment that if countries continue to fulfil the conditions of their programme, the European authorities will continue to supply them with money even when the programme concludes," he said. There would be "little or no easing" of budgetary conditions for this year, but there could be more positive implications in later years. "I'm afraid we still have to face the music in December," he said.In November 2011, he said the payment of more than €700 million to Anglo Irish Bank bondholders was "the lesser of two evils". On 16 May 2012, Noonan caused controversy with his Greek "holidays" and "feta cheese" comment at a breakfast briefing with Bloomberg news agency. Noonan said these were the only links between Ireland and Greece. He attended the 2012 Bilderberg Conference in his capacity of Minister for Finance at Chantilly, Virginia, from 31 May-3 June 2012. On 5 December 2012, he delivered his second budget as Minister for Finance, which included a new property tax to be introduced in 2013.In February 2013, a deal was reached with the European Central Bank (ECB) in relation to the promissory note used to bail out the former Anglo Irish Bank. Noonan said that the government had achieved its objectives in the negotiations with the ECB, and that the arrangement meant that there would be €1bn less taken from them in terms of taxes and spending cuts up to 2015. Noonan said that the government did not ask for a write down on the Anglo Irish debt during negotiations with the ECB as "the ECB does not do write downs".On 15 October 2013, he delivered the budget for 2014.Following improvements in Ireland's unemployment rate and outlook for growth, the securing of the February 2013 Anglo Irish Bank promissory note deal with the European Central Bank, and Ireland's exit from the EU/IMF/ECB bailout programme and successful return to the bond markets, Noonan was named Europe's best Finance Minister for the previous year in January 2014 by the Financial Times-owned magazine The Banker.When the European Central Bank raised the limit on the amount of emergency liquidity assistance (ELA) available to Greek banks by about €2 billion at the height of the country's government-debt crisis in June 2015, Noonan joined his German counterpart Wolfgang Schäuble in arguing forcefully for limits on the amount of ELA approved by the central bank unless capital controls were introduced.In July 2016, the Central Statistics Office announced 2015 Irish GDP growth of 26.3% and Irish GNP growth of 18.7%. The growth became known internationally by the pejorative term, leprechaun economics. Noonan attributed the figures to multinational restructuring following the closure of the double Irish tax scheme, however they were subsequently attributed to Apple in 2018 (widely suspected in 2016). Noonan came to the defense of Apple when the European Commission announced in August 2016 that it had found against Apple in its investigation of illegal State aid. Noonan led the rejection of any claim by Ireland to the EU Commission's €13 billion fine on Apple, calling it an "attack" by the Commission, and was supported by the main opposition party. In October 2016, Noonan introduced changes in the 2016 Finance Act to curb tax abuses of section 110 special purpose vehicles, (securitisation vehicles for IFSC firms), by US distressed debt funds in Ireland (pejoratively called vulture funds in the Irish media). Investigations into these abuses by the financial media, showed the scale and rapid gains these funds were making from NAMA's disposal program, and that these gains were free of Irish taxes. It led to some revision as to whether Noonan had been too quick in selling State assets to distressed debt funds, and had given overly generous tax benefits and incentives.In May 2017, he announced he would be stepping down as Minister for Finance in the coming weeks when a new Taoiseach was appointed, and as a member of the Dáil at the next general election.Noonan married Florence Knightley, a native of Castlemaine, County Kerry and a primary school teacher, in 1969. They had three sons: Tim, John and Michael, and two daughters: Orla and Deirdre. In May 2010, Noonan appeared on RTÉ's "The Frontline" to talk about his wife's battle with Alzheimer's disease. Florence Noonan died on 23 February 2012 of pneumonia.
|
[
"Leader of Fine Gael",
"Minister for Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation",
"Leader of the Opposition",
"Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media",
"Minister for Finance",
"Minister for Justice and Equality",
"Teachta Dála"
] |
|
Which position did Michael Noonan hold in Mar, 2002?
|
March 28, 2002
|
{
"text": [
"Leader of the Opposition",
"Leader of Fine Gael"
]
}
|
L2_Q1390688_P39_5
|
Michael Noonan holds the position of Leader of the Opposition from Feb, 2001 to Jun, 2002.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Justice and Equality from Dec, 1982 to Feb, 1986.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Finance from Mar, 2011 to Jun, 2017.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Teachta Dála from Jun, 1981 to Jan, 1982.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation from Feb, 1986 to Mar, 1987.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Health from Dec, 1994 to Jun, 1997.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media from Jan, 1987 to Mar, 1987.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Leader of Fine Gael from Feb, 2001 to Jun, 2002.
|
Michael Noonan (Fine Gael politician)Michael Noonan (born 21 May 1943) is an Irish former Fine Gael politician who served as Minister for Finance from 2011 to 2017, Leader of the Opposition and Leader of Fine Gael from 2001 to 2002, Minister for Health from 1994 to 1997, Minister for Industry and Commerce from 1986 to 1987, Minister for Energy from January 1987 to March 1987 and Minister for Justice from 1982 to 1986. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1981 to 2020.Noonan had been a member of every Fine Gael cabinet since 1982, serving in the cabinets of Garret FitzGerald, John Bruton and Enda Kenny. During these terms of office he held the positions of Justice, Energy, Industry and Commerce, Health and Finance. When Fine Gael lost power after the 1997 general election, Noonan remained an important figure in the party when he became Opposition Spokesperson for Finance.He succeeded John Bruton as Leader of Fine Gael and Leader of the Opposition in 2001, however, he resigned following Fine Gael's disastrous showing at the 2002 general election. After eight years as a backbencher, during which time he served as Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee, Fine Gael leader Enda Kenny appointed Noonan to his front bench in 2010, to his former portfolio of Spokesperson for Finance.The son of a local school teacher, Noonan was born in Limerick in 1943, but raised in Loughill, County Limerick. He was educated at the local National School and St. Patrick's Secondary School in Glin, before studying to be a primary school teacher at St. Patrick's College, Drumcondra, Dublin. He subsequently completed a BA and H.Dip. in English and Economics at University College Dublin. He began to work as a secondary school teacher in Dublin. Noonan developed an interest in politics from his mother, whose family had been heavily involved in Fine Gael at local level in Limerick, and joined the Dublin branch of the party after graduating from university. He returned to Limerick in the late 1960s, where he took up a teaching post at Crescent College. Here he continued his involvement in politics, canvassing for the Fine Gael candidate, James O'Higgins, in the Limerick East by-election in 1968, caused by the death of Donogh O'Malley.Having been involved in the local Fine Gael organisation in Limerick since the late 1960s, Noonan first held political office in 1974, when he was elected as a member of Limerick County Council. Having built up a local profile he contested the 1981 general election for the party and secured a seat in Limerick East. Upon taking his Dáil seat, Noonan became a full-time politician, giving up his teaching post and resigning his seat on Limerick County Council. Though Fine Gael formed a coalition government with the Labour Party, Noonan, as a first time TD, remained on the backbenches.Fine Gael lost power following the first general election in early 1982, however, Noonan subsequently joined the party's new front bench as Spokesperson for Education. A second general election in late 1982 following the collapse of the Fianna Fáil government, saw another Fine Gael-Labour Party coalition come to power. Just eighteen months after entering the Dáil, Noonan was appointed to the highly sensitive position of Minister for Justice. After a few weeks in office he revealed the illegal phone-tapping of journalists' phones, carried out by the previous Fianna Fáil administration that preceded it in power. That government had authorised illegal phone tapping of the journalists Geraldine Kennedy, Bruce Arnold and Vincent Browne. Seán Doherty signed warrants for the taps while serving as Minister for Justice. Noonan quickly earned a reputation as a tough and uncompromising Minister, regarded by many as one of the best incumbents of the position. His successes included the introduction of a new Criminal Justice Bill while also bringing in reforms in the Garda Síochána, the courts and the prison service and the facing down of a difficult prison officers' dispute. He also dealt with the wording of the controversial abortion referendum in 1983. Noonan, however, also presided over the justice ministry when inmates in an overcrowded and understaffed Spike Island prison set fire to the building.A cabinet reshuffle in 1986, saw Noonan demoted to the position of Minister for Industry and Commerce. Following the withdrawal of the Labour Party from government in 1987, Noonan also briefly took office as Minister for Energy.Fine Gael lost power following the 1987 general election and were confined to the opposition benches. The new Fine Gael leader, Alan Dukes, appointed Noonan to the senior position of front bench Spokesperson for Finance and the Public Service. The party did poorly under Dukes and he was replaced by John Bruton in 1990. Noonan was retained on the new front bench, however, he was demoted to the position of Spokesperson for Transport, Energy and Communications. In 1991, he returned to local politics as a member of Limerick County Council, serving again until 1994. Noonan's period in opposition often saw him at odds with his party leader. Not long after his demotion as Spokesperson for Finance, he announced that he would be taking "positions of leadership" on a wide range of important issues. This was seen as a veiled threat to John Bruton's leadership, with Noonan positioning himself as an alternative party leader. In 1994, a number of Fine Gael TDs attempted to oust Bruton as party leader following poor showings in opinion polls. Noonan aligned himself with the rebels and stated that he would stand for the leadership should Bruton be defeated. The latter survived as leader and Noonan resigned from the front bench.In 1994, the 'Rainbow Coalition' was formed and Noonan became Minister for Health. The Department of Health was embroiled in a scandal at the time regarding blood products contaminated with Hepatitis C virus, caused by the negligence of the Blood Transfusion Service Board. Noonan consistently held an authoritarian line on the case of Brigid McCole and would not budge on his views, suffering as a result of the scandal. He threatened to take Bridget's mother Ellen to the Supreme Court, when she wondered why her daughter had contracted the disease. Noonan was forced to establish the Hepatitis C Tribunal of Inquiry and to issue several apologies for his handling of the affair. Noonan remained as Minister for Health until the 1997 general election. "The Irish Times" said "the woman involved had been infected by a negligent State agency, in the biggest health scandal since its foundation." When RTÉ broadcast a drama, "No Tears", on Noonan's treatment of Bridget McCole, Justine McCarthy wrote in the "Irish Independent" that Noonan "compounded the perception of a heartless pedant by whingeing about the way he was depicted in the drama's final episode, broadcast on the same night that he declined to appear on "Questions & Answers" and when it was reported that yet another woman who was infected by the State had died from the illness."His home was picketed by anti-abortion campaign group Youth Defence.Despite increasing their seats to 54, Fine Gael returned to opposition and Noonan became Opposition Spokesman for Finance following the 1997 general election. In 2001, following a series of disastrous opinion polls, Noonan and his colleague, Jim Mitchell, tabled a motion of no confidence in the leader, John Bruton. The motion was successful in ousting Bruton as leader, with Noonan becoming leader of Fine Gael and Leader of the Opposition with Mitchell becoming deputy leader. Noonan avoided requests to be interviewed on TV and radio programmes, including some on RTÉ and Today FM, ahead of the leadership election.At the 2002 general election, Fine Gael had a disastrous result, dropping from 54 seats to 31 and a number of high-profile front bench member losses, including Alan Dukes, Deirdre Clune, Alan Shatter and deputy leader Jim Mitchell. Noonan resigned as Fine Gael leader on the night of the election.He was replaced by Enda Kenny, the runner-up to Noonan in the 2001 leadership election. However, Noonan remained as a TD, and was re-elected at the 2007 general election, and went on to serve on Kenny's Front bench. He was Vice-Chairperson of the Joint Oireachtas Committee on Constitutional Amendment and Children.In July 2010, Noonan was promoted to the Fine Gael Front Bench as Spokesperson for Finance. In an August 2010 interview with the Sunday Independent, Noonan said he hoped to become Minister for Finance. At the 2011 general election, he was re-elected as a TD for Limerick City, receiving 13,291 (30.8% 1st preference) votes. On 9 March 2011, he was appointed Minister for Finance by Taoiseach Enda Kenny.In March 2011, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the European Union (EU) backed the proposed programme for government and gave the coalition the green light to make changes to the terms of the multibillion-euro bailout. After meeting officials from the IMF – including Ireland mission head Ajai Chopra – European Central Bank (ECB) and European Commission (EC), Noonan said it was agreed the terms of the rescue deal would be altered, as long as the financial targets remain the same. "What was being discussed in general terms was our proposal that the conditions and the memorandum of understanding would be changed for alternative conditions which are in the programme for government," Noonan said.In July 2011, Noonan speaking after an EU summit on 21 July said that the new deal agreed with euro zone leaders means a second bailout for Ireland is "off the table". The deal will see a reduction in the interest rate on bailout loans to Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Italy. This followed a 10-hour emergency summit at which eurozone leaders agreed to provide a second international bailout worth €109 billion to Greece. The plan will be funded by eurozone countries, the proceeds of privatisations and the anticipated €12.6 billion benefit of a debt buyback programme. Noonan said a provision in the agreement meant Ireland would not have to go back to markets when the programme ended if the country had not reached its deficit target. "There's a commitment that if countries continue to fulfil the conditions of their programme, the European authorities will continue to supply them with money even when the programme concludes," he said. There would be "little or no easing" of budgetary conditions for this year, but there could be more positive implications in later years. "I'm afraid we still have to face the music in December," he said.In November 2011, he said the payment of more than €700 million to Anglo Irish Bank bondholders was "the lesser of two evils". On 16 May 2012, Noonan caused controversy with his Greek "holidays" and "feta cheese" comment at a breakfast briefing with Bloomberg news agency. Noonan said these were the only links between Ireland and Greece. He attended the 2012 Bilderberg Conference in his capacity of Minister for Finance at Chantilly, Virginia, from 31 May-3 June 2012. On 5 December 2012, he delivered his second budget as Minister for Finance, which included a new property tax to be introduced in 2013.In February 2013, a deal was reached with the European Central Bank (ECB) in relation to the promissory note used to bail out the former Anglo Irish Bank. Noonan said that the government had achieved its objectives in the negotiations with the ECB, and that the arrangement meant that there would be €1bn less taken from them in terms of taxes and spending cuts up to 2015. Noonan said that the government did not ask for a write down on the Anglo Irish debt during negotiations with the ECB as "the ECB does not do write downs".On 15 October 2013, he delivered the budget for 2014.Following improvements in Ireland's unemployment rate and outlook for growth, the securing of the February 2013 Anglo Irish Bank promissory note deal with the European Central Bank, and Ireland's exit from the EU/IMF/ECB bailout programme and successful return to the bond markets, Noonan was named Europe's best Finance Minister for the previous year in January 2014 by the Financial Times-owned magazine The Banker.When the European Central Bank raised the limit on the amount of emergency liquidity assistance (ELA) available to Greek banks by about €2 billion at the height of the country's government-debt crisis in June 2015, Noonan joined his German counterpart Wolfgang Schäuble in arguing forcefully for limits on the amount of ELA approved by the central bank unless capital controls were introduced.In July 2016, the Central Statistics Office announced 2015 Irish GDP growth of 26.3% and Irish GNP growth of 18.7%. The growth became known internationally by the pejorative term, leprechaun economics. Noonan attributed the figures to multinational restructuring following the closure of the double Irish tax scheme, however they were subsequently attributed to Apple in 2018 (widely suspected in 2016). Noonan came to the defense of Apple when the European Commission announced in August 2016 that it had found against Apple in its investigation of illegal State aid. Noonan led the rejection of any claim by Ireland to the EU Commission's €13 billion fine on Apple, calling it an "attack" by the Commission, and was supported by the main opposition party. In October 2016, Noonan introduced changes in the 2016 Finance Act to curb tax abuses of section 110 special purpose vehicles, (securitisation vehicles for IFSC firms), by US distressed debt funds in Ireland (pejoratively called vulture funds in the Irish media). Investigations into these abuses by the financial media, showed the scale and rapid gains these funds were making from NAMA's disposal program, and that these gains were free of Irish taxes. It led to some revision as to whether Noonan had been too quick in selling State assets to distressed debt funds, and had given overly generous tax benefits and incentives.In May 2017, he announced he would be stepping down as Minister for Finance in the coming weeks when a new Taoiseach was appointed, and as a member of the Dáil at the next general election.Noonan married Florence Knightley, a native of Castlemaine, County Kerry and a primary school teacher, in 1969. They had three sons: Tim, John and Michael, and two daughters: Orla and Deirdre. In May 2010, Noonan appeared on RTÉ's "The Frontline" to talk about his wife's battle with Alzheimer's disease. Florence Noonan died on 23 February 2012 of pneumonia.
|
[
"Minister for Health",
"Minister for Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation",
"Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media",
"Minister for Finance",
"Minister for Justice and Equality",
"Teachta Dála"
] |
|
Which position did Michael Noonan hold in Feb, 2002?
|
February 24, 2002
|
{
"text": [
"Leader of the Opposition",
"Leader of Fine Gael"
]
}
|
L2_Q1390688_P39_6
|
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Finance from Mar, 2011 to Jun, 2017.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation from Feb, 1986 to Mar, 1987.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Leader of Fine Gael from Feb, 2001 to Jun, 2002.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Health from Dec, 1994 to Jun, 1997.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media from Jan, 1987 to Mar, 1987.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Leader of the Opposition from Feb, 2001 to Jun, 2002.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Justice and Equality from Dec, 1982 to Feb, 1986.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Teachta Dála from Jun, 1981 to Jan, 1982.
|
Michael Noonan (Fine Gael politician)Michael Noonan (born 21 May 1943) is an Irish former Fine Gael politician who served as Minister for Finance from 2011 to 2017, Leader of the Opposition and Leader of Fine Gael from 2001 to 2002, Minister for Health from 1994 to 1997, Minister for Industry and Commerce from 1986 to 1987, Minister for Energy from January 1987 to March 1987 and Minister for Justice from 1982 to 1986. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1981 to 2020.Noonan had been a member of every Fine Gael cabinet since 1982, serving in the cabinets of Garret FitzGerald, John Bruton and Enda Kenny. During these terms of office he held the positions of Justice, Energy, Industry and Commerce, Health and Finance. When Fine Gael lost power after the 1997 general election, Noonan remained an important figure in the party when he became Opposition Spokesperson for Finance.He succeeded John Bruton as Leader of Fine Gael and Leader of the Opposition in 2001, however, he resigned following Fine Gael's disastrous showing at the 2002 general election. After eight years as a backbencher, during which time he served as Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee, Fine Gael leader Enda Kenny appointed Noonan to his front bench in 2010, to his former portfolio of Spokesperson for Finance.The son of a local school teacher, Noonan was born in Limerick in 1943, but raised in Loughill, County Limerick. He was educated at the local National School and St. Patrick's Secondary School in Glin, before studying to be a primary school teacher at St. Patrick's College, Drumcondra, Dublin. He subsequently completed a BA and H.Dip. in English and Economics at University College Dublin. He began to work as a secondary school teacher in Dublin. Noonan developed an interest in politics from his mother, whose family had been heavily involved in Fine Gael at local level in Limerick, and joined the Dublin branch of the party after graduating from university. He returned to Limerick in the late 1960s, where he took up a teaching post at Crescent College. Here he continued his involvement in politics, canvassing for the Fine Gael candidate, James O'Higgins, in the Limerick East by-election in 1968, caused by the death of Donogh O'Malley.Having been involved in the local Fine Gael organisation in Limerick since the late 1960s, Noonan first held political office in 1974, when he was elected as a member of Limerick County Council. Having built up a local profile he contested the 1981 general election for the party and secured a seat in Limerick East. Upon taking his Dáil seat, Noonan became a full-time politician, giving up his teaching post and resigning his seat on Limerick County Council. Though Fine Gael formed a coalition government with the Labour Party, Noonan, as a first time TD, remained on the backbenches.Fine Gael lost power following the first general election in early 1982, however, Noonan subsequently joined the party's new front bench as Spokesperson for Education. A second general election in late 1982 following the collapse of the Fianna Fáil government, saw another Fine Gael-Labour Party coalition come to power. Just eighteen months after entering the Dáil, Noonan was appointed to the highly sensitive position of Minister for Justice. After a few weeks in office he revealed the illegal phone-tapping of journalists' phones, carried out by the previous Fianna Fáil administration that preceded it in power. That government had authorised illegal phone tapping of the journalists Geraldine Kennedy, Bruce Arnold and Vincent Browne. Seán Doherty signed warrants for the taps while serving as Minister for Justice. Noonan quickly earned a reputation as a tough and uncompromising Minister, regarded by many as one of the best incumbents of the position. His successes included the introduction of a new Criminal Justice Bill while also bringing in reforms in the Garda Síochána, the courts and the prison service and the facing down of a difficult prison officers' dispute. He also dealt with the wording of the controversial abortion referendum in 1983. Noonan, however, also presided over the justice ministry when inmates in an overcrowded and understaffed Spike Island prison set fire to the building.A cabinet reshuffle in 1986, saw Noonan demoted to the position of Minister for Industry and Commerce. Following the withdrawal of the Labour Party from government in 1987, Noonan also briefly took office as Minister for Energy.Fine Gael lost power following the 1987 general election and were confined to the opposition benches. The new Fine Gael leader, Alan Dukes, appointed Noonan to the senior position of front bench Spokesperson for Finance and the Public Service. The party did poorly under Dukes and he was replaced by John Bruton in 1990. Noonan was retained on the new front bench, however, he was demoted to the position of Spokesperson for Transport, Energy and Communications. In 1991, he returned to local politics as a member of Limerick County Council, serving again until 1994. Noonan's period in opposition often saw him at odds with his party leader. Not long after his demotion as Spokesperson for Finance, he announced that he would be taking "positions of leadership" on a wide range of important issues. This was seen as a veiled threat to John Bruton's leadership, with Noonan positioning himself as an alternative party leader. In 1994, a number of Fine Gael TDs attempted to oust Bruton as party leader following poor showings in opinion polls. Noonan aligned himself with the rebels and stated that he would stand for the leadership should Bruton be defeated. The latter survived as leader and Noonan resigned from the front bench.In 1994, the 'Rainbow Coalition' was formed and Noonan became Minister for Health. The Department of Health was embroiled in a scandal at the time regarding blood products contaminated with Hepatitis C virus, caused by the negligence of the Blood Transfusion Service Board. Noonan consistently held an authoritarian line on the case of Brigid McCole and would not budge on his views, suffering as a result of the scandal. He threatened to take Bridget's mother Ellen to the Supreme Court, when she wondered why her daughter had contracted the disease. Noonan was forced to establish the Hepatitis C Tribunal of Inquiry and to issue several apologies for his handling of the affair. Noonan remained as Minister for Health until the 1997 general election. "The Irish Times" said "the woman involved had been infected by a negligent State agency, in the biggest health scandal since its foundation." When RTÉ broadcast a drama, "No Tears", on Noonan's treatment of Bridget McCole, Justine McCarthy wrote in the "Irish Independent" that Noonan "compounded the perception of a heartless pedant by whingeing about the way he was depicted in the drama's final episode, broadcast on the same night that he declined to appear on "Questions & Answers" and when it was reported that yet another woman who was infected by the State had died from the illness."His home was picketed by anti-abortion campaign group Youth Defence.Despite increasing their seats to 54, Fine Gael returned to opposition and Noonan became Opposition Spokesman for Finance following the 1997 general election. In 2001, following a series of disastrous opinion polls, Noonan and his colleague, Jim Mitchell, tabled a motion of no confidence in the leader, John Bruton. The motion was successful in ousting Bruton as leader, with Noonan becoming leader of Fine Gael and Leader of the Opposition with Mitchell becoming deputy leader. Noonan avoided requests to be interviewed on TV and radio programmes, including some on RTÉ and Today FM, ahead of the leadership election.At the 2002 general election, Fine Gael had a disastrous result, dropping from 54 seats to 31 and a number of high-profile front bench member losses, including Alan Dukes, Deirdre Clune, Alan Shatter and deputy leader Jim Mitchell. Noonan resigned as Fine Gael leader on the night of the election.He was replaced by Enda Kenny, the runner-up to Noonan in the 2001 leadership election. However, Noonan remained as a TD, and was re-elected at the 2007 general election, and went on to serve on Kenny's Front bench. He was Vice-Chairperson of the Joint Oireachtas Committee on Constitutional Amendment and Children.In July 2010, Noonan was promoted to the Fine Gael Front Bench as Spokesperson for Finance. In an August 2010 interview with the Sunday Independent, Noonan said he hoped to become Minister for Finance. At the 2011 general election, he was re-elected as a TD for Limerick City, receiving 13,291 (30.8% 1st preference) votes. On 9 March 2011, he was appointed Minister for Finance by Taoiseach Enda Kenny.In March 2011, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the European Union (EU) backed the proposed programme for government and gave the coalition the green light to make changes to the terms of the multibillion-euro bailout. After meeting officials from the IMF – including Ireland mission head Ajai Chopra – European Central Bank (ECB) and European Commission (EC), Noonan said it was agreed the terms of the rescue deal would be altered, as long as the financial targets remain the same. "What was being discussed in general terms was our proposal that the conditions and the memorandum of understanding would be changed for alternative conditions which are in the programme for government," Noonan said.In July 2011, Noonan speaking after an EU summit on 21 July said that the new deal agreed with euro zone leaders means a second bailout for Ireland is "off the table". The deal will see a reduction in the interest rate on bailout loans to Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Italy. This followed a 10-hour emergency summit at which eurozone leaders agreed to provide a second international bailout worth €109 billion to Greece. The plan will be funded by eurozone countries, the proceeds of privatisations and the anticipated €12.6 billion benefit of a debt buyback programme. Noonan said a provision in the agreement meant Ireland would not have to go back to markets when the programme ended if the country had not reached its deficit target. "There's a commitment that if countries continue to fulfil the conditions of their programme, the European authorities will continue to supply them with money even when the programme concludes," he said. There would be "little or no easing" of budgetary conditions for this year, but there could be more positive implications in later years. "I'm afraid we still have to face the music in December," he said.In November 2011, he said the payment of more than €700 million to Anglo Irish Bank bondholders was "the lesser of two evils". On 16 May 2012, Noonan caused controversy with his Greek "holidays" and "feta cheese" comment at a breakfast briefing with Bloomberg news agency. Noonan said these were the only links between Ireland and Greece. He attended the 2012 Bilderberg Conference in his capacity of Minister for Finance at Chantilly, Virginia, from 31 May-3 June 2012. On 5 December 2012, he delivered his second budget as Minister for Finance, which included a new property tax to be introduced in 2013.In February 2013, a deal was reached with the European Central Bank (ECB) in relation to the promissory note used to bail out the former Anglo Irish Bank. Noonan said that the government had achieved its objectives in the negotiations with the ECB, and that the arrangement meant that there would be €1bn less taken from them in terms of taxes and spending cuts up to 2015. Noonan said that the government did not ask for a write down on the Anglo Irish debt during negotiations with the ECB as "the ECB does not do write downs".On 15 October 2013, he delivered the budget for 2014.Following improvements in Ireland's unemployment rate and outlook for growth, the securing of the February 2013 Anglo Irish Bank promissory note deal with the European Central Bank, and Ireland's exit from the EU/IMF/ECB bailout programme and successful return to the bond markets, Noonan was named Europe's best Finance Minister for the previous year in January 2014 by the Financial Times-owned magazine The Banker.When the European Central Bank raised the limit on the amount of emergency liquidity assistance (ELA) available to Greek banks by about €2 billion at the height of the country's government-debt crisis in June 2015, Noonan joined his German counterpart Wolfgang Schäuble in arguing forcefully for limits on the amount of ELA approved by the central bank unless capital controls were introduced.In July 2016, the Central Statistics Office announced 2015 Irish GDP growth of 26.3% and Irish GNP growth of 18.7%. The growth became known internationally by the pejorative term, leprechaun economics. Noonan attributed the figures to multinational restructuring following the closure of the double Irish tax scheme, however they were subsequently attributed to Apple in 2018 (widely suspected in 2016). Noonan came to the defense of Apple when the European Commission announced in August 2016 that it had found against Apple in its investigation of illegal State aid. Noonan led the rejection of any claim by Ireland to the EU Commission's €13 billion fine on Apple, calling it an "attack" by the Commission, and was supported by the main opposition party. In October 2016, Noonan introduced changes in the 2016 Finance Act to curb tax abuses of section 110 special purpose vehicles, (securitisation vehicles for IFSC firms), by US distressed debt funds in Ireland (pejoratively called vulture funds in the Irish media). Investigations into these abuses by the financial media, showed the scale and rapid gains these funds were making from NAMA's disposal program, and that these gains were free of Irish taxes. It led to some revision as to whether Noonan had been too quick in selling State assets to distressed debt funds, and had given overly generous tax benefits and incentives.In May 2017, he announced he would be stepping down as Minister for Finance in the coming weeks when a new Taoiseach was appointed, and as a member of the Dáil at the next general election.Noonan married Florence Knightley, a native of Castlemaine, County Kerry and a primary school teacher, in 1969. They had three sons: Tim, John and Michael, and two daughters: Orla and Deirdre. In May 2010, Noonan appeared on RTÉ's "The Frontline" to talk about his wife's battle with Alzheimer's disease. Florence Noonan died on 23 February 2012 of pneumonia.
|
[
"Minister for Health",
"Minister for Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation",
"Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media",
"Minister for Finance",
"Minister for Justice and Equality",
"Teachta Dála"
] |
|
Which position did Michael Noonan hold in Apr, 2015?
|
April 21, 2015
|
{
"text": [
"Minister for Finance"
]
}
|
L2_Q1390688_P39_7
|
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media from Jan, 1987 to Mar, 1987.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Leader of the Opposition from Feb, 2001 to Jun, 2002.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Teachta Dála from Jun, 1981 to Jan, 1982.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation from Feb, 1986 to Mar, 1987.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Justice and Equality from Dec, 1982 to Feb, 1986.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Finance from Mar, 2011 to Jun, 2017.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Minister for Health from Dec, 1994 to Jun, 1997.
Michael Noonan holds the position of Leader of Fine Gael from Feb, 2001 to Jun, 2002.
|
Michael Noonan (Fine Gael politician)Michael Noonan (born 21 May 1943) is an Irish former Fine Gael politician who served as Minister for Finance from 2011 to 2017, Leader of the Opposition and Leader of Fine Gael from 2001 to 2002, Minister for Health from 1994 to 1997, Minister for Industry and Commerce from 1986 to 1987, Minister for Energy from January 1987 to March 1987 and Minister for Justice from 1982 to 1986. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1981 to 2020.Noonan had been a member of every Fine Gael cabinet since 1982, serving in the cabinets of Garret FitzGerald, John Bruton and Enda Kenny. During these terms of office he held the positions of Justice, Energy, Industry and Commerce, Health and Finance. When Fine Gael lost power after the 1997 general election, Noonan remained an important figure in the party when he became Opposition Spokesperson for Finance.He succeeded John Bruton as Leader of Fine Gael and Leader of the Opposition in 2001, however, he resigned following Fine Gael's disastrous showing at the 2002 general election. After eight years as a backbencher, during which time he served as Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee, Fine Gael leader Enda Kenny appointed Noonan to his front bench in 2010, to his former portfolio of Spokesperson for Finance.The son of a local school teacher, Noonan was born in Limerick in 1943, but raised in Loughill, County Limerick. He was educated at the local National School and St. Patrick's Secondary School in Glin, before studying to be a primary school teacher at St. Patrick's College, Drumcondra, Dublin. He subsequently completed a BA and H.Dip. in English and Economics at University College Dublin. He began to work as a secondary school teacher in Dublin. Noonan developed an interest in politics from his mother, whose family had been heavily involved in Fine Gael at local level in Limerick, and joined the Dublin branch of the party after graduating from university. He returned to Limerick in the late 1960s, where he took up a teaching post at Crescent College. Here he continued his involvement in politics, canvassing for the Fine Gael candidate, James O'Higgins, in the Limerick East by-election in 1968, caused by the death of Donogh O'Malley.Having been involved in the local Fine Gael organisation in Limerick since the late 1960s, Noonan first held political office in 1974, when he was elected as a member of Limerick County Council. Having built up a local profile he contested the 1981 general election for the party and secured a seat in Limerick East. Upon taking his Dáil seat, Noonan became a full-time politician, giving up his teaching post and resigning his seat on Limerick County Council. Though Fine Gael formed a coalition government with the Labour Party, Noonan, as a first time TD, remained on the backbenches.Fine Gael lost power following the first general election in early 1982, however, Noonan subsequently joined the party's new front bench as Spokesperson for Education. A second general election in late 1982 following the collapse of the Fianna Fáil government, saw another Fine Gael-Labour Party coalition come to power. Just eighteen months after entering the Dáil, Noonan was appointed to the highly sensitive position of Minister for Justice. After a few weeks in office he revealed the illegal phone-tapping of journalists' phones, carried out by the previous Fianna Fáil administration that preceded it in power. That government had authorised illegal phone tapping of the journalists Geraldine Kennedy, Bruce Arnold and Vincent Browne. Seán Doherty signed warrants for the taps while serving as Minister for Justice. Noonan quickly earned a reputation as a tough and uncompromising Minister, regarded by many as one of the best incumbents of the position. His successes included the introduction of a new Criminal Justice Bill while also bringing in reforms in the Garda Síochána, the courts and the prison service and the facing down of a difficult prison officers' dispute. He also dealt with the wording of the controversial abortion referendum in 1983. Noonan, however, also presided over the justice ministry when inmates in an overcrowded and understaffed Spike Island prison set fire to the building.A cabinet reshuffle in 1986, saw Noonan demoted to the position of Minister for Industry and Commerce. Following the withdrawal of the Labour Party from government in 1987, Noonan also briefly took office as Minister for Energy.Fine Gael lost power following the 1987 general election and were confined to the opposition benches. The new Fine Gael leader, Alan Dukes, appointed Noonan to the senior position of front bench Spokesperson for Finance and the Public Service. The party did poorly under Dukes and he was replaced by John Bruton in 1990. Noonan was retained on the new front bench, however, he was demoted to the position of Spokesperson for Transport, Energy and Communications. In 1991, he returned to local politics as a member of Limerick County Council, serving again until 1994. Noonan's period in opposition often saw him at odds with his party leader. Not long after his demotion as Spokesperson for Finance, he announced that he would be taking "positions of leadership" on a wide range of important issues. This was seen as a veiled threat to John Bruton's leadership, with Noonan positioning himself as an alternative party leader. In 1994, a number of Fine Gael TDs attempted to oust Bruton as party leader following poor showings in opinion polls. Noonan aligned himself with the rebels and stated that he would stand for the leadership should Bruton be defeated. The latter survived as leader and Noonan resigned from the front bench.In 1994, the 'Rainbow Coalition' was formed and Noonan became Minister for Health. The Department of Health was embroiled in a scandal at the time regarding blood products contaminated with Hepatitis C virus, caused by the negligence of the Blood Transfusion Service Board. Noonan consistently held an authoritarian line on the case of Brigid McCole and would not budge on his views, suffering as a result of the scandal. He threatened to take Bridget's mother Ellen to the Supreme Court, when she wondered why her daughter had contracted the disease. Noonan was forced to establish the Hepatitis C Tribunal of Inquiry and to issue several apologies for his handling of the affair. Noonan remained as Minister for Health until the 1997 general election. "The Irish Times" said "the woman involved had been infected by a negligent State agency, in the biggest health scandal since its foundation." When RTÉ broadcast a drama, "No Tears", on Noonan's treatment of Bridget McCole, Justine McCarthy wrote in the "Irish Independent" that Noonan "compounded the perception of a heartless pedant by whingeing about the way he was depicted in the drama's final episode, broadcast on the same night that he declined to appear on "Questions & Answers" and when it was reported that yet another woman who was infected by the State had died from the illness."His home was picketed by anti-abortion campaign group Youth Defence.Despite increasing their seats to 54, Fine Gael returned to opposition and Noonan became Opposition Spokesman for Finance following the 1997 general election. In 2001, following a series of disastrous opinion polls, Noonan and his colleague, Jim Mitchell, tabled a motion of no confidence in the leader, John Bruton. The motion was successful in ousting Bruton as leader, with Noonan becoming leader of Fine Gael and Leader of the Opposition with Mitchell becoming deputy leader. Noonan avoided requests to be interviewed on TV and radio programmes, including some on RTÉ and Today FM, ahead of the leadership election.At the 2002 general election, Fine Gael had a disastrous result, dropping from 54 seats to 31 and a number of high-profile front bench member losses, including Alan Dukes, Deirdre Clune, Alan Shatter and deputy leader Jim Mitchell. Noonan resigned as Fine Gael leader on the night of the election.He was replaced by Enda Kenny, the runner-up to Noonan in the 2001 leadership election. However, Noonan remained as a TD, and was re-elected at the 2007 general election, and went on to serve on Kenny's Front bench. He was Vice-Chairperson of the Joint Oireachtas Committee on Constitutional Amendment and Children.In July 2010, Noonan was promoted to the Fine Gael Front Bench as Spokesperson for Finance. In an August 2010 interview with the Sunday Independent, Noonan said he hoped to become Minister for Finance. At the 2011 general election, he was re-elected as a TD for Limerick City, receiving 13,291 (30.8% 1st preference) votes. On 9 March 2011, he was appointed Minister for Finance by Taoiseach Enda Kenny.In March 2011, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the European Union (EU) backed the proposed programme for government and gave the coalition the green light to make changes to the terms of the multibillion-euro bailout. After meeting officials from the IMF – including Ireland mission head Ajai Chopra – European Central Bank (ECB) and European Commission (EC), Noonan said it was agreed the terms of the rescue deal would be altered, as long as the financial targets remain the same. "What was being discussed in general terms was our proposal that the conditions and the memorandum of understanding would be changed for alternative conditions which are in the programme for government," Noonan said.In July 2011, Noonan speaking after an EU summit on 21 July said that the new deal agreed with euro zone leaders means a second bailout for Ireland is "off the table". The deal will see a reduction in the interest rate on bailout loans to Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Italy. This followed a 10-hour emergency summit at which eurozone leaders agreed to provide a second international bailout worth €109 billion to Greece. The plan will be funded by eurozone countries, the proceeds of privatisations and the anticipated €12.6 billion benefit of a debt buyback programme. Noonan said a provision in the agreement meant Ireland would not have to go back to markets when the programme ended if the country had not reached its deficit target. "There's a commitment that if countries continue to fulfil the conditions of their programme, the European authorities will continue to supply them with money even when the programme concludes," he said. There would be "little or no easing" of budgetary conditions for this year, but there could be more positive implications in later years. "I'm afraid we still have to face the music in December," he said.In November 2011, he said the payment of more than €700 million to Anglo Irish Bank bondholders was "the lesser of two evils". On 16 May 2012, Noonan caused controversy with his Greek "holidays" and "feta cheese" comment at a breakfast briefing with Bloomberg news agency. Noonan said these were the only links between Ireland and Greece. He attended the 2012 Bilderberg Conference in his capacity of Minister for Finance at Chantilly, Virginia, from 31 May-3 June 2012. On 5 December 2012, he delivered his second budget as Minister for Finance, which included a new property tax to be introduced in 2013.In February 2013, a deal was reached with the European Central Bank (ECB) in relation to the promissory note used to bail out the former Anglo Irish Bank. Noonan said that the government had achieved its objectives in the negotiations with the ECB, and that the arrangement meant that there would be €1bn less taken from them in terms of taxes and spending cuts up to 2015. Noonan said that the government did not ask for a write down on the Anglo Irish debt during negotiations with the ECB as "the ECB does not do write downs".On 15 October 2013, he delivered the budget for 2014.Following improvements in Ireland's unemployment rate and outlook for growth, the securing of the February 2013 Anglo Irish Bank promissory note deal with the European Central Bank, and Ireland's exit from the EU/IMF/ECB bailout programme and successful return to the bond markets, Noonan was named Europe's best Finance Minister for the previous year in January 2014 by the Financial Times-owned magazine The Banker.When the European Central Bank raised the limit on the amount of emergency liquidity assistance (ELA) available to Greek banks by about €2 billion at the height of the country's government-debt crisis in June 2015, Noonan joined his German counterpart Wolfgang Schäuble in arguing forcefully for limits on the amount of ELA approved by the central bank unless capital controls were introduced.In July 2016, the Central Statistics Office announced 2015 Irish GDP growth of 26.3% and Irish GNP growth of 18.7%. The growth became known internationally by the pejorative term, leprechaun economics. Noonan attributed the figures to multinational restructuring following the closure of the double Irish tax scheme, however they were subsequently attributed to Apple in 2018 (widely suspected in 2016). Noonan came to the defense of Apple when the European Commission announced in August 2016 that it had found against Apple in its investigation of illegal State aid. Noonan led the rejection of any claim by Ireland to the EU Commission's €13 billion fine on Apple, calling it an "attack" by the Commission, and was supported by the main opposition party. In October 2016, Noonan introduced changes in the 2016 Finance Act to curb tax abuses of section 110 special purpose vehicles, (securitisation vehicles for IFSC firms), by US distressed debt funds in Ireland (pejoratively called vulture funds in the Irish media). Investigations into these abuses by the financial media, showed the scale and rapid gains these funds were making from NAMA's disposal program, and that these gains were free of Irish taxes. It led to some revision as to whether Noonan had been too quick in selling State assets to distressed debt funds, and had given overly generous tax benefits and incentives.In May 2017, he announced he would be stepping down as Minister for Finance in the coming weeks when a new Taoiseach was appointed, and as a member of the Dáil at the next general election.Noonan married Florence Knightley, a native of Castlemaine, County Kerry and a primary school teacher, in 1969. They had three sons: Tim, John and Michael, and two daughters: Orla and Deirdre. In May 2010, Noonan appeared on RTÉ's "The Frontline" to talk about his wife's battle with Alzheimer's disease. Florence Noonan died on 23 February 2012 of pneumonia.
|
[
"Leader of Fine Gael",
"Minister for Health",
"Minister for Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation",
"Leader of the Opposition",
"Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media",
"Minister for Justice and Equality",
"Teachta Dála"
] |
|
Where was Susan Weintraub educated in Mar, 1963?
|
March 14, 1963
|
{
"text": [
"University of Pennsylvania"
]
}
|
L2_Q63225360_P69_0
|
Susan Weintraub attended University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio from Jan, 1975 to Jan, 1979.
Susan Weintraub attended Trinity University from Jan, 1968 to Jan, 1970.
Susan Weintraub attended University of Pennsylvania from Jan, 1963 to Jan, 1967.
|
Susan WeintraubSusan Weintraub is an American scientist. She is a professor at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA).She received a BS in Chemistry from the University of Pennsylvania in 1967, MS in Chemistry from Trinity University in 1970 and a PhD in Biochemistry from UTHSCSA in 1979. She was the president of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry for the period of 2012-2014. In 2017 she was named a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). She is an associate editor of the Journal of Proteome Research.Her research focuses on biomedical mass spectrometry where she used mass spectrometry in the early 1970s for quantitative analysis of brain neurochemicals. She has been director of the mass spectrometry core resource at UTHSCSA since 1979.
|
[
"Trinity University",
"University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio"
] |
|
Where was Susan Weintraub educated in Oct, 1968?
|
October 11, 1968
|
{
"text": [
"Trinity University"
]
}
|
L2_Q63225360_P69_1
|
Susan Weintraub attended University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio from Jan, 1975 to Jan, 1979.
Susan Weintraub attended University of Pennsylvania from Jan, 1963 to Jan, 1967.
Susan Weintraub attended Trinity University from Jan, 1968 to Jan, 1970.
|
Susan WeintraubSusan Weintraub is an American scientist. She is a professor at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA).She received a BS in Chemistry from the University of Pennsylvania in 1967, MS in Chemistry from Trinity University in 1970 and a PhD in Biochemistry from UTHSCSA in 1979. She was the president of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry for the period of 2012-2014. In 2017 she was named a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). She is an associate editor of the Journal of Proteome Research.Her research focuses on biomedical mass spectrometry where she used mass spectrometry in the early 1970s for quantitative analysis of brain neurochemicals. She has been director of the mass spectrometry core resource at UTHSCSA since 1979.
|
[
"University of Pennsylvania",
"University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio"
] |
|
Where was Susan Weintraub educated in Dec, 1975?
|
December 20, 1975
|
{
"text": [
"University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio"
]
}
|
L2_Q63225360_P69_2
|
Susan Weintraub attended University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio from Jan, 1975 to Jan, 1979.
Susan Weintraub attended Trinity University from Jan, 1968 to Jan, 1970.
Susan Weintraub attended University of Pennsylvania from Jan, 1963 to Jan, 1967.
|
Susan WeintraubSusan Weintraub is an American scientist. She is a professor at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA).She received a BS in Chemistry from the University of Pennsylvania in 1967, MS in Chemistry from Trinity University in 1970 and a PhD in Biochemistry from UTHSCSA in 1979. She was the president of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry for the period of 2012-2014. In 2017 she was named a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). She is an associate editor of the Journal of Proteome Research.Her research focuses on biomedical mass spectrometry where she used mass spectrometry in the early 1970s for quantitative analysis of brain neurochemicals. She has been director of the mass spectrometry core resource at UTHSCSA since 1979.
|
[
"Trinity University",
"University of Pennsylvania"
] |
|
Which team did Jim McLaughlin play for in Oct, 1957?
|
October 26, 1957
|
{
"text": [
"Derry City F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q3178893_P54_0
|
Jim McLaughlin plays for Peterborough United F.C. from Jan, 1967 to Jan, 1967.
Jim McLaughlin plays for Northern Ireland national under-23 association football team from Jan, 1963 to Jan, 1964.
Jim McLaughlin plays for Northern Ireland national association football team from Jan, 1961 to Jan, 1966.
Jim McLaughlin plays for Swansea City A.F.C. from Jan, 1972 to Jan, 1974.
Jim McLaughlin plays for Dundalk F.C. from Jan, 1974 to Jan, 1979.
Jim McLaughlin plays for Derry City F.C. from Jan, 1957 to Jan, 1958.
Jim McLaughlin plays for Birmingham City F.C. from Jan, 1958 to Jan, 1960.
Jim McLaughlin plays for Shrewsbury Town F.C. from Jan, 1967 to Jan, 1972.
|
Jim McLaughlin (footballer)James Christopher McLaughlin (born 22 December 1940) is a Northern Irish former footballer and was later a football manager in the League of Ireland.The 16-year-old McLaughlin made his Irish League debut for home-town club Derry City in the 1957–58 season. He scored in his first match, against Crusaders, and was his club's top scorer, with 16 goals, in that debut season. He joined English First Division club Birmingham City as an apprentice in the summer of 1958.After two years of reserve team football he moved on to Shrewsbury Town. In his first season there McLaughlin netted twenty goals for his club. Having gained three youth caps with Derry City his efforts at Shrewsbury did not go unnoticed by the IFA and he was capped by them twice at under-23 level.He went on the international stage scoring on his debut against Scotland in October 1961. McLaughlin scored two goals against England in 1964 despite breaking two fingers early in the game. In total, he won 12 caps and scored six goals with Northern Ireland.Early in the 1963–64 season McLaughlin moved to Swansea Town, for whom he scored the winner in a FA Cup quarter-final tie at the Kop end at Anfield, and then in 1966–67 to Peterborough United. He then moved back to Shrewsbury for three more seasons, before becoming coach there. In 1972 McLaughlin moved back to Swansea as player-coach firstly and then as secretary.His sixteen and a half-year reign in England came to an end when in November 1974 he accepted an offer to player/manage Dundalk FC and that was to be the beginning of his managerial career.As a manager, he had great success and during his nine-year stay at Oriel Park he led them to 3 Leagues and the FAI Cup 3 times including the double in the 1978/79 season. Dundalk performed commendably in Europe during this period. In the 1979/80 season they reached the last 16 of the European Cup and were drawn with Celtic. Following a 3–2 defeat in Glasgow, Dundalk drew 0–0 at home and missed an opportunity to score a goal that would have put them through on away goals. In the 1981/82 Cup-Winners' Cup campaign, Dundalk once more reached the last 16 and lost 3–2 on aggregate to Tottenham Hotspur.On 21 June 1983 Jim took over at Shamrock Rovers and led the Milltown club to 3 League Championships and 2 FAI Cups in 3 seasons including 2 back to back doubles.On 13 May 1986 he left Rovers to go home and manage Derry City where he led the team to a domestic treble in 1989. His managerial spell at the club lasted from 1986 until 1991. He later went on to co-manage Shelbourne FC with Pat Byrne where another League was won in 1992. In November 1993 he took over at Drogheda United where he stayed for 3 seasons getting relegated twice and promoted in 1994/95.He had another spell with Dundalk but could not prevent them from being relegated and so his managerial career came to a close in May 1999. He became a director in Oriel Park in July 1996 .He also took charge of the League of Ireland XI and the Irish Olympic side.He was Manager of the Year in 1986 and in February 2002, McLaughlin was awarded with the FAI Special Merit Award in recognition of his achievements and dedication within the domestic game. Later in the year, he was the Shamrock Rovers Hall of Fame recipient and in 2005, he was inducted into the Shamrock Rovers 'Legends'.In January 2010 he was awarded the SWAI Special Merit Award in recognition to his contribution to Irish football .His son Paul went on to play for Dundalk F.C., Newry City F.C., Derry City F.C. and Drogheda United. His grandson Ben currently plays for Everton F.C. .
|
[
"Shrewsbury Town F.C.",
"Birmingham City F.C.",
"Northern Ireland national association football team",
"Swansea City A.F.C.",
"Northern Ireland national under-23 association football team",
"Dundalk F.C.",
"Peterborough United F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Jim McLaughlin play for in Jun, 1958?
|
June 24, 1958
|
{
"text": [
"Birmingham City F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q3178893_P54_1
|
Jim McLaughlin plays for Derry City F.C. from Jan, 1957 to Jan, 1958.
Jim McLaughlin plays for Birmingham City F.C. from Jan, 1958 to Jan, 1960.
Jim McLaughlin plays for Shrewsbury Town F.C. from Jan, 1967 to Jan, 1972.
Jim McLaughlin plays for Dundalk F.C. from Jan, 1974 to Jan, 1979.
Jim McLaughlin plays for Northern Ireland national association football team from Jan, 1961 to Jan, 1966.
Jim McLaughlin plays for Peterborough United F.C. from Jan, 1967 to Jan, 1967.
Jim McLaughlin plays for Northern Ireland national under-23 association football team from Jan, 1963 to Jan, 1964.
Jim McLaughlin plays for Swansea City A.F.C. from Jan, 1972 to Jan, 1974.
|
Jim McLaughlin (footballer)James Christopher McLaughlin (born 22 December 1940) is a Northern Irish former footballer and was later a football manager in the League of Ireland.The 16-year-old McLaughlin made his Irish League debut for home-town club Derry City in the 1957–58 season. He scored in his first match, against Crusaders, and was his club's top scorer, with 16 goals, in that debut season. He joined English First Division club Birmingham City as an apprentice in the summer of 1958.After two years of reserve team football he moved on to Shrewsbury Town. In his first season there McLaughlin netted twenty goals for his club. Having gained three youth caps with Derry City his efforts at Shrewsbury did not go unnoticed by the IFA and he was capped by them twice at under-23 level.He went on the international stage scoring on his debut against Scotland in October 1961. McLaughlin scored two goals against England in 1964 despite breaking two fingers early in the game. In total, he won 12 caps and scored six goals with Northern Ireland.Early in the 1963–64 season McLaughlin moved to Swansea Town, for whom he scored the winner in a FA Cup quarter-final tie at the Kop end at Anfield, and then in 1966–67 to Peterborough United. He then moved back to Shrewsbury for three more seasons, before becoming coach there. In 1972 McLaughlin moved back to Swansea as player-coach firstly and then as secretary.His sixteen and a half-year reign in England came to an end when in November 1974 he accepted an offer to player/manage Dundalk FC and that was to be the beginning of his managerial career.As a manager, he had great success and during his nine-year stay at Oriel Park he led them to 3 Leagues and the FAI Cup 3 times including the double in the 1978/79 season. Dundalk performed commendably in Europe during this period. In the 1979/80 season they reached the last 16 of the European Cup and were drawn with Celtic. Following a 3–2 defeat in Glasgow, Dundalk drew 0–0 at home and missed an opportunity to score a goal that would have put them through on away goals. In the 1981/82 Cup-Winners' Cup campaign, Dundalk once more reached the last 16 and lost 3–2 on aggregate to Tottenham Hotspur.On 21 June 1983 Jim took over at Shamrock Rovers and led the Milltown club to 3 League Championships and 2 FAI Cups in 3 seasons including 2 back to back doubles.On 13 May 1986 he left Rovers to go home and manage Derry City where he led the team to a domestic treble in 1989. His managerial spell at the club lasted from 1986 until 1991. He later went on to co-manage Shelbourne FC with Pat Byrne where another League was won in 1992. In November 1993 he took over at Drogheda United where he stayed for 3 seasons getting relegated twice and promoted in 1994/95.He had another spell with Dundalk but could not prevent them from being relegated and so his managerial career came to a close in May 1999. He became a director in Oriel Park in July 1996 .He also took charge of the League of Ireland XI and the Irish Olympic side.He was Manager of the Year in 1986 and in February 2002, McLaughlin was awarded with the FAI Special Merit Award in recognition of his achievements and dedication within the domestic game. Later in the year, he was the Shamrock Rovers Hall of Fame recipient and in 2005, he was inducted into the Shamrock Rovers 'Legends'.In January 2010 he was awarded the SWAI Special Merit Award in recognition to his contribution to Irish football .His son Paul went on to play for Dundalk F.C., Newry City F.C., Derry City F.C. and Drogheda United. His grandson Ben currently plays for Everton F.C. .
|
[
"Shrewsbury Town F.C.",
"Northern Ireland national association football team",
"Swansea City A.F.C.",
"Northern Ireland national under-23 association football team",
"Derry City F.C.",
"Dundalk F.C.",
"Peterborough United F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Jim McLaughlin play for in Sep, 1964?
|
September 22, 1964
|
{
"text": [
"Northern Ireland national association football team"
]
}
|
L2_Q3178893_P54_2
|
Jim McLaughlin plays for Dundalk F.C. from Jan, 1974 to Jan, 1979.
Jim McLaughlin plays for Derry City F.C. from Jan, 1957 to Jan, 1958.
Jim McLaughlin plays for Shrewsbury Town F.C. from Jan, 1967 to Jan, 1972.
Jim McLaughlin plays for Swansea City A.F.C. from Jan, 1972 to Jan, 1974.
Jim McLaughlin plays for Peterborough United F.C. from Jan, 1967 to Jan, 1967.
Jim McLaughlin plays for Northern Ireland national association football team from Jan, 1961 to Jan, 1966.
Jim McLaughlin plays for Birmingham City F.C. from Jan, 1958 to Jan, 1960.
Jim McLaughlin plays for Northern Ireland national under-23 association football team from Jan, 1963 to Jan, 1964.
|
Jim McLaughlin (footballer)James Christopher McLaughlin (born 22 December 1940) is a Northern Irish former footballer and was later a football manager in the League of Ireland.The 16-year-old McLaughlin made his Irish League debut for home-town club Derry City in the 1957–58 season. He scored in his first match, against Crusaders, and was his club's top scorer, with 16 goals, in that debut season. He joined English First Division club Birmingham City as an apprentice in the summer of 1958.After two years of reserve team football he moved on to Shrewsbury Town. In his first season there McLaughlin netted twenty goals for his club. Having gained three youth caps with Derry City his efforts at Shrewsbury did not go unnoticed by the IFA and he was capped by them twice at under-23 level.He went on the international stage scoring on his debut against Scotland in October 1961. McLaughlin scored two goals against England in 1964 despite breaking two fingers early in the game. In total, he won 12 caps and scored six goals with Northern Ireland.Early in the 1963–64 season McLaughlin moved to Swansea Town, for whom he scored the winner in a FA Cup quarter-final tie at the Kop end at Anfield, and then in 1966–67 to Peterborough United. He then moved back to Shrewsbury for three more seasons, before becoming coach there. In 1972 McLaughlin moved back to Swansea as player-coach firstly and then as secretary.His sixteen and a half-year reign in England came to an end when in November 1974 he accepted an offer to player/manage Dundalk FC and that was to be the beginning of his managerial career.As a manager, he had great success and during his nine-year stay at Oriel Park he led them to 3 Leagues and the FAI Cup 3 times including the double in the 1978/79 season. Dundalk performed commendably in Europe during this period. In the 1979/80 season they reached the last 16 of the European Cup and were drawn with Celtic. Following a 3–2 defeat in Glasgow, Dundalk drew 0–0 at home and missed an opportunity to score a goal that would have put them through on away goals. In the 1981/82 Cup-Winners' Cup campaign, Dundalk once more reached the last 16 and lost 3–2 on aggregate to Tottenham Hotspur.On 21 June 1983 Jim took over at Shamrock Rovers and led the Milltown club to 3 League Championships and 2 FAI Cups in 3 seasons including 2 back to back doubles.On 13 May 1986 he left Rovers to go home and manage Derry City where he led the team to a domestic treble in 1989. His managerial spell at the club lasted from 1986 until 1991. He later went on to co-manage Shelbourne FC with Pat Byrne where another League was won in 1992. In November 1993 he took over at Drogheda United where he stayed for 3 seasons getting relegated twice and promoted in 1994/95.He had another spell with Dundalk but could not prevent them from being relegated and so his managerial career came to a close in May 1999. He became a director in Oriel Park in July 1996 .He also took charge of the League of Ireland XI and the Irish Olympic side.He was Manager of the Year in 1986 and in February 2002, McLaughlin was awarded with the FAI Special Merit Award in recognition of his achievements and dedication within the domestic game. Later in the year, he was the Shamrock Rovers Hall of Fame recipient and in 2005, he was inducted into the Shamrock Rovers 'Legends'.In January 2010 he was awarded the SWAI Special Merit Award in recognition to his contribution to Irish football .His son Paul went on to play for Dundalk F.C., Newry City F.C., Derry City F.C. and Drogheda United. His grandson Ben currently plays for Everton F.C. .
|
[
"Shrewsbury Town F.C.",
"Birmingham City F.C.",
"Swansea City A.F.C.",
"Northern Ireland national under-23 association football team",
"Derry City F.C.",
"Dundalk F.C.",
"Peterborough United F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Jim McLaughlin play for in Mar, 1963?
|
March 07, 1963
|
{
"text": [
"Northern Ireland national association football team",
"Northern Ireland national under-23 association football team"
]
}
|
L2_Q3178893_P54_3
|
Jim McLaughlin plays for Shrewsbury Town F.C. from Jan, 1967 to Jan, 1972.
Jim McLaughlin plays for Northern Ireland national under-23 association football team from Jan, 1963 to Jan, 1964.
Jim McLaughlin plays for Derry City F.C. from Jan, 1957 to Jan, 1958.
Jim McLaughlin plays for Swansea City A.F.C. from Jan, 1972 to Jan, 1974.
Jim McLaughlin plays for Birmingham City F.C. from Jan, 1958 to Jan, 1960.
Jim McLaughlin plays for Northern Ireland national association football team from Jan, 1961 to Jan, 1966.
Jim McLaughlin plays for Peterborough United F.C. from Jan, 1967 to Jan, 1967.
Jim McLaughlin plays for Dundalk F.C. from Jan, 1974 to Jan, 1979.
|
Jim McLaughlin (footballer)James Christopher McLaughlin (born 22 December 1940) is a Northern Irish former footballer and was later a football manager in the League of Ireland.The 16-year-old McLaughlin made his Irish League debut for home-town club Derry City in the 1957–58 season. He scored in his first match, against Crusaders, and was his club's top scorer, with 16 goals, in that debut season. He joined English First Division club Birmingham City as an apprentice in the summer of 1958.After two years of reserve team football he moved on to Shrewsbury Town. In his first season there McLaughlin netted twenty goals for his club. Having gained three youth caps with Derry City his efforts at Shrewsbury did not go unnoticed by the IFA and he was capped by them twice at under-23 level.He went on the international stage scoring on his debut against Scotland in October 1961. McLaughlin scored two goals against England in 1964 despite breaking two fingers early in the game. In total, he won 12 caps and scored six goals with Northern Ireland.Early in the 1963–64 season McLaughlin moved to Swansea Town, for whom he scored the winner in a FA Cup quarter-final tie at the Kop end at Anfield, and then in 1966–67 to Peterborough United. He then moved back to Shrewsbury for three more seasons, before becoming coach there. In 1972 McLaughlin moved back to Swansea as player-coach firstly and then as secretary.His sixteen and a half-year reign in England came to an end when in November 1974 he accepted an offer to player/manage Dundalk FC and that was to be the beginning of his managerial career.As a manager, he had great success and during his nine-year stay at Oriel Park he led them to 3 Leagues and the FAI Cup 3 times including the double in the 1978/79 season. Dundalk performed commendably in Europe during this period. In the 1979/80 season they reached the last 16 of the European Cup and were drawn with Celtic. Following a 3–2 defeat in Glasgow, Dundalk drew 0–0 at home and missed an opportunity to score a goal that would have put them through on away goals. In the 1981/82 Cup-Winners' Cup campaign, Dundalk once more reached the last 16 and lost 3–2 on aggregate to Tottenham Hotspur.On 21 June 1983 Jim took over at Shamrock Rovers and led the Milltown club to 3 League Championships and 2 FAI Cups in 3 seasons including 2 back to back doubles.On 13 May 1986 he left Rovers to go home and manage Derry City where he led the team to a domestic treble in 1989. His managerial spell at the club lasted from 1986 until 1991. He later went on to co-manage Shelbourne FC with Pat Byrne where another League was won in 1992. In November 1993 he took over at Drogheda United where he stayed for 3 seasons getting relegated twice and promoted in 1994/95.He had another spell with Dundalk but could not prevent them from being relegated and so his managerial career came to a close in May 1999. He became a director in Oriel Park in July 1996 .He also took charge of the League of Ireland XI and the Irish Olympic side.He was Manager of the Year in 1986 and in February 2002, McLaughlin was awarded with the FAI Special Merit Award in recognition of his achievements and dedication within the domestic game. Later in the year, he was the Shamrock Rovers Hall of Fame recipient and in 2005, he was inducted into the Shamrock Rovers 'Legends'.In January 2010 he was awarded the SWAI Special Merit Award in recognition to his contribution to Irish football .His son Paul went on to play for Dundalk F.C., Newry City F.C., Derry City F.C. and Drogheda United. His grandson Ben currently plays for Everton F.C. .
|
[
"Shrewsbury Town F.C.",
"Birmingham City F.C.",
"Swansea City A.F.C.",
"Derry City F.C.",
"Dundalk F.C.",
"Peterborough United F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Jim McLaughlin play for in May, 1968?
|
May 20, 1968
|
{
"text": [
"Shrewsbury Town F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q3178893_P54_4
|
Jim McLaughlin plays for Northern Ireland national association football team from Jan, 1961 to Jan, 1966.
Jim McLaughlin plays for Swansea City A.F.C. from Jan, 1972 to Jan, 1974.
Jim McLaughlin plays for Derry City F.C. from Jan, 1957 to Jan, 1958.
Jim McLaughlin plays for Dundalk F.C. from Jan, 1974 to Jan, 1979.
Jim McLaughlin plays for Peterborough United F.C. from Jan, 1967 to Jan, 1967.
Jim McLaughlin plays for Shrewsbury Town F.C. from Jan, 1967 to Jan, 1972.
Jim McLaughlin plays for Birmingham City F.C. from Jan, 1958 to Jan, 1960.
Jim McLaughlin plays for Northern Ireland national under-23 association football team from Jan, 1963 to Jan, 1964.
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Jim McLaughlin (footballer)James Christopher McLaughlin (born 22 December 1940) is a Northern Irish former footballer and was later a football manager in the League of Ireland.The 16-year-old McLaughlin made his Irish League debut for home-town club Derry City in the 1957–58 season. He scored in his first match, against Crusaders, and was his club's top scorer, with 16 goals, in that debut season. He joined English First Division club Birmingham City as an apprentice in the summer of 1958.After two years of reserve team football he moved on to Shrewsbury Town. In his first season there McLaughlin netted twenty goals for his club. Having gained three youth caps with Derry City his efforts at Shrewsbury did not go unnoticed by the IFA and he was capped by them twice at under-23 level.He went on the international stage scoring on his debut against Scotland in October 1961. McLaughlin scored two goals against England in 1964 despite breaking two fingers early in the game. In total, he won 12 caps and scored six goals with Northern Ireland.Early in the 1963–64 season McLaughlin moved to Swansea Town, for whom he scored the winner in a FA Cup quarter-final tie at the Kop end at Anfield, and then in 1966–67 to Peterborough United. He then moved back to Shrewsbury for three more seasons, before becoming coach there. In 1972 McLaughlin moved back to Swansea as player-coach firstly and then as secretary.His sixteen and a half-year reign in England came to an end when in November 1974 he accepted an offer to player/manage Dundalk FC and that was to be the beginning of his managerial career.As a manager, he had great success and during his nine-year stay at Oriel Park he led them to 3 Leagues and the FAI Cup 3 times including the double in the 1978/79 season. Dundalk performed commendably in Europe during this period. In the 1979/80 season they reached the last 16 of the European Cup and were drawn with Celtic. Following a 3–2 defeat in Glasgow, Dundalk drew 0–0 at home and missed an opportunity to score a goal that would have put them through on away goals. In the 1981/82 Cup-Winners' Cup campaign, Dundalk once more reached the last 16 and lost 3–2 on aggregate to Tottenham Hotspur.On 21 June 1983 Jim took over at Shamrock Rovers and led the Milltown club to 3 League Championships and 2 FAI Cups in 3 seasons including 2 back to back doubles.On 13 May 1986 he left Rovers to go home and manage Derry City where he led the team to a domestic treble in 1989. His managerial spell at the club lasted from 1986 until 1991. He later went on to co-manage Shelbourne FC with Pat Byrne where another League was won in 1992. In November 1993 he took over at Drogheda United where he stayed for 3 seasons getting relegated twice and promoted in 1994/95.He had another spell with Dundalk but could not prevent them from being relegated and so his managerial career came to a close in May 1999. He became a director in Oriel Park in July 1996 .He also took charge of the League of Ireland XI and the Irish Olympic side.He was Manager of the Year in 1986 and in February 2002, McLaughlin was awarded with the FAI Special Merit Award in recognition of his achievements and dedication within the domestic game. Later in the year, he was the Shamrock Rovers Hall of Fame recipient and in 2005, he was inducted into the Shamrock Rovers 'Legends'.In January 2010 he was awarded the SWAI Special Merit Award in recognition to his contribution to Irish football .His son Paul went on to play for Dundalk F.C., Newry City F.C., Derry City F.C. and Drogheda United. His grandson Ben currently plays for Everton F.C. .
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[
"Birmingham City F.C.",
"Northern Ireland national association football team",
"Swansea City A.F.C.",
"Northern Ireland national under-23 association football team",
"Derry City F.C.",
"Dundalk F.C.",
"Peterborough United F.C."
] |
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