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Which position did Vlasta Parkanová hold in Feb, 1992?
|
February 11, 1992
|
{
"text": [
"Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe",
"member of the Federal Assembly of Czechoslovakia"
]
}
|
L2_Q462642_P39_1
|
Vlasta Parkanová holds the position of member of the Federal Assembly of Czechoslovakia from Jan, 1990 to Jun, 1992.
Vlasta Parkanová holds the position of Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Apr, 1991 to Sep, 1992.
Vlasta Parkanová holds the position of Minister of Justice of the Czech Republic from Jan, 1997 to Jul, 1998.
Vlasta Parkanová holds the position of Deputy Prime Minister of the Czech Republic from Jan, 2009 to May, 2009.
Vlasta Parkanová holds the position of Member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic from May, 2010 to Aug, 2013.
Vlasta Parkanová holds the position of Minister of Defence of the Czech Republic from Jan, 2007 to May, 2009.
|
Vlasta ParkanováVlasta Parkanová, née Trnovcová (born 21 November 1951) is a Czech politician who served from January 2007 to May 2009 as the Minister of Defence and shortly as Minister of Justice between 1997 and 1998. She was Member of the Chamber of Deputies (MP) from 1997 to 2013.Parkanová is a graduate of the Law Faculty of Charles University in Prague, from 1975. She worked as a corporate lawyer from 1970 to 1990, mostly in agricultural organisations.
|
[
"Deputy Prime Minister of the Czech Republic",
"Minister of Justice of the Czech Republic",
"Member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic",
"Minister of Defence of the Czech Republic"
] |
|
Which position did Vlasta Parkanová hold in Jul, 1997?
|
July 20, 1997
|
{
"text": [
"Minister of Justice of the Czech Republic"
]
}
|
L2_Q462642_P39_2
|
Vlasta Parkanová holds the position of Member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic from May, 2010 to Aug, 2013.
Vlasta Parkanová holds the position of Minister of Justice of the Czech Republic from Jan, 1997 to Jul, 1998.
Vlasta Parkanová holds the position of Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Apr, 1991 to Sep, 1992.
Vlasta Parkanová holds the position of Deputy Prime Minister of the Czech Republic from Jan, 2009 to May, 2009.
Vlasta Parkanová holds the position of member of the Federal Assembly of Czechoslovakia from Jan, 1990 to Jun, 1992.
Vlasta Parkanová holds the position of Minister of Defence of the Czech Republic from Jan, 2007 to May, 2009.
|
Vlasta ParkanováVlasta Parkanová, née Trnovcová (born 21 November 1951) is a Czech politician who served from January 2007 to May 2009 as the Minister of Defence and shortly as Minister of Justice between 1997 and 1998. She was Member of the Chamber of Deputies (MP) from 1997 to 2013.Parkanová is a graduate of the Law Faculty of Charles University in Prague, from 1975. She worked as a corporate lawyer from 1970 to 1990, mostly in agricultural organisations.
|
[
"Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe",
"member of the Federal Assembly of Czechoslovakia",
"Member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic",
"Minister of Defence of the Czech Republic",
"Deputy Prime Minister of the Czech Republic"
] |
|
Which position did Vlasta Parkanová hold in Nov, 2008?
|
November 20, 2008
|
{
"text": [
"Minister of Defence of the Czech Republic"
]
}
|
L2_Q462642_P39_3
|
Vlasta Parkanová holds the position of Member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic from May, 2010 to Aug, 2013.
Vlasta Parkanová holds the position of Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Apr, 1991 to Sep, 1992.
Vlasta Parkanová holds the position of member of the Federal Assembly of Czechoslovakia from Jan, 1990 to Jun, 1992.
Vlasta Parkanová holds the position of Deputy Prime Minister of the Czech Republic from Jan, 2009 to May, 2009.
Vlasta Parkanová holds the position of Minister of Defence of the Czech Republic from Jan, 2007 to May, 2009.
Vlasta Parkanová holds the position of Minister of Justice of the Czech Republic from Jan, 1997 to Jul, 1998.
|
Vlasta ParkanováVlasta Parkanová, née Trnovcová (born 21 November 1951) is a Czech politician who served from January 2007 to May 2009 as the Minister of Defence and shortly as Minister of Justice between 1997 and 1998. She was Member of the Chamber of Deputies (MP) from 1997 to 2013.Parkanová is a graduate of the Law Faculty of Charles University in Prague, from 1975. She worked as a corporate lawyer from 1970 to 1990, mostly in agricultural organisations.
|
[
"Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe",
"member of the Federal Assembly of Czechoslovakia",
"Member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic",
"Deputy Prime Minister of the Czech Republic",
"Minister of Justice of the Czech Republic"
] |
|
Which position did Vlasta Parkanová hold in Feb, 2009?
|
February 06, 2009
|
{
"text": [
"Deputy Prime Minister of the Czech Republic",
"Minister of Defence of the Czech Republic"
]
}
|
L2_Q462642_P39_4
|
Vlasta Parkanová holds the position of Deputy Prime Minister of the Czech Republic from Jan, 2009 to May, 2009.
Vlasta Parkanová holds the position of Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Apr, 1991 to Sep, 1992.
Vlasta Parkanová holds the position of member of the Federal Assembly of Czechoslovakia from Jan, 1990 to Jun, 1992.
Vlasta Parkanová holds the position of Member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic from May, 2010 to Aug, 2013.
Vlasta Parkanová holds the position of Minister of Justice of the Czech Republic from Jan, 1997 to Jul, 1998.
Vlasta Parkanová holds the position of Minister of Defence of the Czech Republic from Jan, 2007 to May, 2009.
|
Vlasta ParkanováVlasta Parkanová, née Trnovcová (born 21 November 1951) is a Czech politician who served from January 2007 to May 2009 as the Minister of Defence and shortly as Minister of Justice between 1997 and 1998. She was Member of the Chamber of Deputies (MP) from 1997 to 2013.Parkanová is a graduate of the Law Faculty of Charles University in Prague, from 1975. She worked as a corporate lawyer from 1970 to 1990, mostly in agricultural organisations.
|
[
"Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe",
"Minister of Justice of the Czech Republic",
"member of the Federal Assembly of Czechoslovakia",
"Member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic"
] |
|
Which position did Vlasta Parkanová hold in Mar, 2012?
|
March 30, 2012
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic"
]
}
|
L2_Q462642_P39_5
|
Vlasta Parkanová holds the position of Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Apr, 1991 to Sep, 1992.
Vlasta Parkanová holds the position of Minister of Defence of the Czech Republic from Jan, 2007 to May, 2009.
Vlasta Parkanová holds the position of Minister of Justice of the Czech Republic from Jan, 1997 to Jul, 1998.
Vlasta Parkanová holds the position of member of the Federal Assembly of Czechoslovakia from Jan, 1990 to Jun, 1992.
Vlasta Parkanová holds the position of Member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic from May, 2010 to Aug, 2013.
Vlasta Parkanová holds the position of Deputy Prime Minister of the Czech Republic from Jan, 2009 to May, 2009.
|
Vlasta ParkanováVlasta Parkanová, née Trnovcová (born 21 November 1951) is a Czech politician who served from January 2007 to May 2009 as the Minister of Defence and shortly as Minister of Justice between 1997 and 1998. She was Member of the Chamber of Deputies (MP) from 1997 to 2013.Parkanová is a graduate of the Law Faculty of Charles University in Prague, from 1975. She worked as a corporate lawyer from 1970 to 1990, mostly in agricultural organisations.
|
[
"Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe",
"member of the Federal Assembly of Czechoslovakia",
"Minister of Defence of the Czech Republic",
"Deputy Prime Minister of the Czech Republic",
"Minister of Justice of the Czech Republic"
] |
|
Which position did Per-Kristian Foss hold in Nov, 1977?
|
November 22, 1977
|
{
"text": [
"deputy member of the Parliament of Norway"
]
}
|
L2_Q1082481_P39_0
|
Per-Kristian Foss holds the position of Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Nov, 2005 to Nov, 2009.
Per-Kristian Foss holds the position of deputy member of the Parliament of Norway from Jan, 1977 to Jan, 1981.
Per-Kristian Foss holds the position of member of the Parliament of Norway from Oct, 2009 to Sep, 2013.
Per-Kristian Foss holds the position of Minister of Finance of Norway from Oct, 2001 to Oct, 2005.
|
Per-Kristian FossPer-Kristian Foss (born 19 July 1950 in Oslo) is a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party and from 2014 to 2017 the Auditor General of Norway.He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Oslo in 1981, and was re-elected on six occasions. He had previously served as a deputy representative during the term 1977–1981.From 2001 to 2005, when the second cabinet Bondevik held office, Foss was Minister of Finance. He also acted as Prime Minister very briefly in 2002. During this period his seat in parliament was taken by Ine Marie Eriksen. Foss has received much attention for being the first openly gay minister in a Norwegian government and lives in registered partnership with Jan Erik Knarbakk. He was the first openly homosexual national leader.On the local level Foss was a deputy member of Oslo city council from 1971 to 1975.From 1973 to 1977 he was the leader of the Young Conservatives ("Unge Høyre"), the youth wing of the Conservative Party. Per Kristian Foss was mentioned as a possible new leader for the Conservative Party after Jan Petersen resigned in 2004, but he declined to run and instead supported Erna Solberg. After Høyre struggled in elections and polls during the first years of Erna Solberg's leadership he was also mentioned as a possible new leader, but he never challenged Solberg for the leadership position. At present Foss is deputy chairman of the Conservative Party and member of the party's central board.Foss has a cand.mag. degree in political science, public law and criminology from the University of Oslo (1977) and partial graduate studies in political science.
|
[
"Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe",
"Minister of Finance of Norway",
"member of the Parliament of Norway"
] |
|
Which position did Per-Kristian Foss hold in Jan, 2005?
|
January 09, 2005
|
{
"text": [
"Minister of Finance of Norway"
]
}
|
L2_Q1082481_P39_1
|
Per-Kristian Foss holds the position of member of the Parliament of Norway from Oct, 2009 to Sep, 2013.
Per-Kristian Foss holds the position of deputy member of the Parliament of Norway from Jan, 1977 to Jan, 1981.
Per-Kristian Foss holds the position of Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Nov, 2005 to Nov, 2009.
Per-Kristian Foss holds the position of Minister of Finance of Norway from Oct, 2001 to Oct, 2005.
|
Per-Kristian FossPer-Kristian Foss (born 19 July 1950 in Oslo) is a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party and from 2014 to 2017 the Auditor General of Norway.He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Oslo in 1981, and was re-elected on six occasions. He had previously served as a deputy representative during the term 1977–1981.From 2001 to 2005, when the second cabinet Bondevik held office, Foss was Minister of Finance. He also acted as Prime Minister very briefly in 2002. During this period his seat in parliament was taken by Ine Marie Eriksen. Foss has received much attention for being the first openly gay minister in a Norwegian government and lives in registered partnership with Jan Erik Knarbakk. He was the first openly homosexual national leader.On the local level Foss was a deputy member of Oslo city council from 1971 to 1975.From 1973 to 1977 he was the leader of the Young Conservatives ("Unge Høyre"), the youth wing of the Conservative Party. Per Kristian Foss was mentioned as a possible new leader for the Conservative Party after Jan Petersen resigned in 2004, but he declined to run and instead supported Erna Solberg. After Høyre struggled in elections and polls during the first years of Erna Solberg's leadership he was also mentioned as a possible new leader, but he never challenged Solberg for the leadership position. At present Foss is deputy chairman of the Conservative Party and member of the party's central board.Foss has a cand.mag. degree in political science, public law and criminology from the University of Oslo (1977) and partial graduate studies in political science.
|
[
"Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe",
"member of the Parliament of Norway",
"deputy member of the Parliament of Norway"
] |
|
Which position did Per-Kristian Foss hold in Apr, 2008?
|
April 11, 2008
|
{
"text": [
"Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe"
]
}
|
L2_Q1082481_P39_2
|
Per-Kristian Foss holds the position of Minister of Finance of Norway from Oct, 2001 to Oct, 2005.
Per-Kristian Foss holds the position of Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Nov, 2005 to Nov, 2009.
Per-Kristian Foss holds the position of deputy member of the Parliament of Norway from Jan, 1977 to Jan, 1981.
Per-Kristian Foss holds the position of member of the Parliament of Norway from Oct, 2009 to Sep, 2013.
|
Per-Kristian FossPer-Kristian Foss (born 19 July 1950 in Oslo) is a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party and from 2014 to 2017 the Auditor General of Norway.He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Oslo in 1981, and was re-elected on six occasions. He had previously served as a deputy representative during the term 1977–1981.From 2001 to 2005, when the second cabinet Bondevik held office, Foss was Minister of Finance. He also acted as Prime Minister very briefly in 2002. During this period his seat in parliament was taken by Ine Marie Eriksen. Foss has received much attention for being the first openly gay minister in a Norwegian government and lives in registered partnership with Jan Erik Knarbakk. He was the first openly homosexual national leader.On the local level Foss was a deputy member of Oslo city council from 1971 to 1975.From 1973 to 1977 he was the leader of the Young Conservatives ("Unge Høyre"), the youth wing of the Conservative Party. Per Kristian Foss was mentioned as a possible new leader for the Conservative Party after Jan Petersen resigned in 2004, but he declined to run and instead supported Erna Solberg. After Høyre struggled in elections and polls during the first years of Erna Solberg's leadership he was also mentioned as a possible new leader, but he never challenged Solberg for the leadership position. At present Foss is deputy chairman of the Conservative Party and member of the party's central board.Foss has a cand.mag. degree in political science, public law and criminology from the University of Oslo (1977) and partial graduate studies in political science.
|
[
"Minister of Finance of Norway",
"member of the Parliament of Norway",
"deputy member of the Parliament of Norway"
] |
|
Which position did Per-Kristian Foss hold in Sep, 2013?
|
September 12, 2013
|
{
"text": [
"member of the Parliament of Norway"
]
}
|
L2_Q1082481_P39_3
|
Per-Kristian Foss holds the position of Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Nov, 2005 to Nov, 2009.
Per-Kristian Foss holds the position of member of the Parliament of Norway from Oct, 2009 to Sep, 2013.
Per-Kristian Foss holds the position of Minister of Finance of Norway from Oct, 2001 to Oct, 2005.
Per-Kristian Foss holds the position of deputy member of the Parliament of Norway from Jan, 1977 to Jan, 1981.
|
Per-Kristian FossPer-Kristian Foss (born 19 July 1950 in Oslo) is a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party and from 2014 to 2017 the Auditor General of Norway.He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Oslo in 1981, and was re-elected on six occasions. He had previously served as a deputy representative during the term 1977–1981.From 2001 to 2005, when the second cabinet Bondevik held office, Foss was Minister of Finance. He also acted as Prime Minister very briefly in 2002. During this period his seat in parliament was taken by Ine Marie Eriksen. Foss has received much attention for being the first openly gay minister in a Norwegian government and lives in registered partnership with Jan Erik Knarbakk. He was the first openly homosexual national leader.On the local level Foss was a deputy member of Oslo city council from 1971 to 1975.From 1973 to 1977 he was the leader of the Young Conservatives ("Unge Høyre"), the youth wing of the Conservative Party. Per Kristian Foss was mentioned as a possible new leader for the Conservative Party after Jan Petersen resigned in 2004, but he declined to run and instead supported Erna Solberg. After Høyre struggled in elections and polls during the first years of Erna Solberg's leadership he was also mentioned as a possible new leader, but he never challenged Solberg for the leadership position. At present Foss is deputy chairman of the Conservative Party and member of the party's central board.Foss has a cand.mag. degree in political science, public law and criminology from the University of Oslo (1977) and partial graduate studies in political science.
|
[
"Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe",
"Minister of Finance of Norway",
"deputy member of the Parliament of Norway"
] |
|
Which political party did Pier Luigi Bersani belong to in Oct, 1990?
|
October 01, 1990
|
{
"text": [
"Italian Communist Party"
]
}
|
L2_Q47556_P102_0
|
Pier Luigi Bersani is a member of the Italian Communist Party from Jan, 1960 to Feb, 1991.
Pier Luigi Bersani is a member of the Democrats of the Left from Feb, 1998 to Oct, 2007.
Pier Luigi Bersani is a member of the Democratic Party from Oct, 2007 to Dec, 2022.
Pier Luigi Bersani is a member of the Democratic Party of the Left from Feb, 1991 to Feb, 1998.
|
Pier Luigi BersaniPier Luigi Bersani (; born 29 September 1951) is an Italian politician and was Secretary of the Democratic Party (PD), Italy's leading centre-left party, from 2009 to 2013. Bersani was Minister of Industry, Commerce and Craftmanship from 1996 to 1999, Minister of Transport from 1999 to 2001, and Minister of Economic Development from 2006 to 2008.Pier Luigi Bersani was born on 29 September 1951, in Bettola, a mountain municipality in Nure Valley, in the province of Piacenza, Emilia-Romagna region, Italy. His father was a mechanic and a gas station clerk. After earning his high-school degree in Piacenza, Bersani enrolled in the University of Bologna where he graduated in philosophy with a dissertation on Pope Gregory I. He married Daniela in 1980, and he has two daughters: Elisa and Margherita. After a short experience as a teacher he committed his life to politics and public administration.Bersani joined the Italian Communist Party and subsequently the Democratic Party of the Left. As member of the National Secretariat of the Democrats of the Left, he was responsible for the economic sector. As a young man, he became Vice-President of the Mountain Community of Piacenza, then elected in the Regional Council of Emilia-Romagna region and Vice-President of Emilia-Romagna in 1990; he was President of Emilia-Romagna from 1993 to 1996.After the general election of 1996 he was Minister of Industry, Commerce and Craftmanship (1996–1999) and Minister of Transports (1999–2001) in the center-left cabinets of Prodi, D'Alema, Amato.In 2004, he was elected to the European Parliament representing the North-West region for the Democrats of the Left, part of the Socialist Group, and sat on the European Parliament's Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs. He was a substitute for the Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection, a member of the Delegation to the European Union-Kazakhstan, EU-Kyrgyzstan and EU-Uzbekistan Parliamentary Cooperation Committees, and for relations with Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Mongolia, and a substitute for the Delegation for relations with Belarus. He left the European Parliament on his re-election to the Chamber of Deputies in 2006, and he was appointed as Minister of Economic Development in the government of Prime Minister Romano Prodi on 17 May 2006.The Prodi II Cabinet assigned the Minister of Economic Development, Pier Luigi Bersani, the task of introducing reforms aimed at achieving increased market liberalization and competition. The minister responded with Decree Law 223 of 30 June 2006, later converted into Law 248/2006, popularly known as the "Bersani 1" decree on taxi drivers and pharmacies, although it addressed other sectors as well.The government's policy of competition and liberalization would not to stop there. "Bersani 1" was followed by "Bersani 2" (decree 7 of 31 January 2007, converted into Law 40 of 2 April 2007), and then by a series of bills for the liberalization of the professions and television broadcasting, local public services, and energy, as well as the reduction and simplification of times and procedures for the start up of new businesses. Another bill proposed to rationalize the jurisdictions of the regulatory authorities, modifying and reinforcing their powers, particularly with regard to competition. Still another bill would introduce and regulate the judicial procedures for class action lawsuits.On 25 October 2009, Bersani defeated incumbents Dario Franceschini and Ignazio Marino in the Democratic Party leadership election, thus becoming Italy's main opposition leader, scoring 55.1% among party members. Since 7 November 2009, as decided by the National Assembly, Pier Luigi Bersani officially took office as Secretary of the Democratic Party of Italy. He defeated the mayor of Florence Matteo Renzi in the 2012 primary election.Before the 2013 Italian general election, the Democratic Party was ahead but at "the beginning of the year, Bersani’s party was above 40%, and former center-right Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi was hovering around 25%. By the time [reported] polling stopped [a week before the vote], the right was up to 30% and the left down to 35%. Outgoing appointed-technocrat Prime Minister Mario Monti's centrist party-coalition was at less than 15% of the vote and the protest Five-Star Movement led by comedian Beppe Grillo was getting more than 15%".In the general elections on 24–25 February 2013, as a consequence of the electoral system the DP-led centre-left coalition took a small absolute majority in the lower house. In most of the rest of Europe, this would have been enough to make Bersani Prime Minister. However, the coalition failed to gain a majority in the Senate. Italian governments must maintain the confidence of both chambers in order to stay in office. Bersani said he would try to form a government with the informal support of Five Star Movement. Anna Finocchiaro, PD's leader in the Senate, confirmed the likelihood PD would not form a new coalition with Berlusconi's Centre-right coalition.On 22 March President Giorgio Napolitano asked Bersani to form a new government. On 27 March Bersani failed to strike a deal for forming a new Italian government with the grassroots Five-Star Movement (M5S) which held the balance of power after February's inconclusive elections. On 19 April Bersani announced he would be stepping down from his post as Democratic Party leader after Romano Prodi failed to secure a parliamentary majority in the presidential election.In 2001, Bersani co-founded with Vincenzo Visco the "NENS" ("New Economy, New Society") think tank. He is also chairman of the "Nuova Romea" Society that was established in 2002 with the objective of the development of Emilia-Romagna and Veneto territories.
|
[
"Democratic Party of the Left",
"Democrats of the Left",
"Democratic Party"
] |
|
Which political party did Pier Luigi Bersani belong to in Feb, 1991?
|
February 22, 1991
|
{
"text": [
"Democratic Party of the Left",
"Italian Communist Party",
"Democratic Party"
]
}
|
L2_Q47556_P102_1
|
Pier Luigi Bersani is a member of the Italian Communist Party from Jan, 1960 to Feb, 1991.
Pier Luigi Bersani is a member of the Democrats of the Left from Feb, 1998 to Oct, 2007.
Pier Luigi Bersani is a member of the Democratic Party from Oct, 2007 to Dec, 2022.
Pier Luigi Bersani is a member of the Democratic Party of the Left from Feb, 1991 to Feb, 1998.
|
Pier Luigi BersaniPier Luigi Bersani (; born 29 September 1951) is an Italian politician and was Secretary of the Democratic Party (PD), Italy's leading centre-left party, from 2009 to 2013. Bersani was Minister of Industry, Commerce and Craftmanship from 1996 to 1999, Minister of Transport from 1999 to 2001, and Minister of Economic Development from 2006 to 2008.Pier Luigi Bersani was born on 29 September 1951, in Bettola, a mountain municipality in Nure Valley, in the province of Piacenza, Emilia-Romagna region, Italy. His father was a mechanic and a gas station clerk. After earning his high-school degree in Piacenza, Bersani enrolled in the University of Bologna where he graduated in philosophy with a dissertation on Pope Gregory I. He married Daniela in 1980, and he has two daughters: Elisa and Margherita. After a short experience as a teacher he committed his life to politics and public administration.Bersani joined the Italian Communist Party and subsequently the Democratic Party of the Left. As member of the National Secretariat of the Democrats of the Left, he was responsible for the economic sector. As a young man, he became Vice-President of the Mountain Community of Piacenza, then elected in the Regional Council of Emilia-Romagna region and Vice-President of Emilia-Romagna in 1990; he was President of Emilia-Romagna from 1993 to 1996.After the general election of 1996 he was Minister of Industry, Commerce and Craftmanship (1996–1999) and Minister of Transports (1999–2001) in the center-left cabinets of Prodi, D'Alema, Amato.In 2004, he was elected to the European Parliament representing the North-West region for the Democrats of the Left, part of the Socialist Group, and sat on the European Parliament's Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs. He was a substitute for the Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection, a member of the Delegation to the European Union-Kazakhstan, EU-Kyrgyzstan and EU-Uzbekistan Parliamentary Cooperation Committees, and for relations with Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Mongolia, and a substitute for the Delegation for relations with Belarus. He left the European Parliament on his re-election to the Chamber of Deputies in 2006, and he was appointed as Minister of Economic Development in the government of Prime Minister Romano Prodi on 17 May 2006.The Prodi II Cabinet assigned the Minister of Economic Development, Pier Luigi Bersani, the task of introducing reforms aimed at achieving increased market liberalization and competition. The minister responded with Decree Law 223 of 30 June 2006, later converted into Law 248/2006, popularly known as the "Bersani 1" decree on taxi drivers and pharmacies, although it addressed other sectors as well.The government's policy of competition and liberalization would not to stop there. "Bersani 1" was followed by "Bersani 2" (decree 7 of 31 January 2007, converted into Law 40 of 2 April 2007), and then by a series of bills for the liberalization of the professions and television broadcasting, local public services, and energy, as well as the reduction and simplification of times and procedures for the start up of new businesses. Another bill proposed to rationalize the jurisdictions of the regulatory authorities, modifying and reinforcing their powers, particularly with regard to competition. Still another bill would introduce and regulate the judicial procedures for class action lawsuits.On 25 October 2009, Bersani defeated incumbents Dario Franceschini and Ignazio Marino in the Democratic Party leadership election, thus becoming Italy's main opposition leader, scoring 55.1% among party members. Since 7 November 2009, as decided by the National Assembly, Pier Luigi Bersani officially took office as Secretary of the Democratic Party of Italy. He defeated the mayor of Florence Matteo Renzi in the 2012 primary election.Before the 2013 Italian general election, the Democratic Party was ahead but at "the beginning of the year, Bersani’s party was above 40%, and former center-right Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi was hovering around 25%. By the time [reported] polling stopped [a week before the vote], the right was up to 30% and the left down to 35%. Outgoing appointed-technocrat Prime Minister Mario Monti's centrist party-coalition was at less than 15% of the vote and the protest Five-Star Movement led by comedian Beppe Grillo was getting more than 15%".In the general elections on 24–25 February 2013, as a consequence of the electoral system the DP-led centre-left coalition took a small absolute majority in the lower house. In most of the rest of Europe, this would have been enough to make Bersani Prime Minister. However, the coalition failed to gain a majority in the Senate. Italian governments must maintain the confidence of both chambers in order to stay in office. Bersani said he would try to form a government with the informal support of Five Star Movement. Anna Finocchiaro, PD's leader in the Senate, confirmed the likelihood PD would not form a new coalition with Berlusconi's Centre-right coalition.On 22 March President Giorgio Napolitano asked Bersani to form a new government. On 27 March Bersani failed to strike a deal for forming a new Italian government with the grassroots Five-Star Movement (M5S) which held the balance of power after February's inconclusive elections. On 19 April Bersani announced he would be stepping down from his post as Democratic Party leader after Romano Prodi failed to secure a parliamentary majority in the presidential election.In 2001, Bersani co-founded with Vincenzo Visco the "NENS" ("New Economy, New Society") think tank. He is also chairman of the "Nuova Romea" Society that was established in 2002 with the objective of the development of Emilia-Romagna and Veneto territories.
|
[
"Democrats of the Left",
"Democratic Party",
"Italian Communist Party",
"Democrats of the Left"
] |
|
Which political party did Pier Luigi Bersani belong to in Jun, 2004?
|
June 10, 2004
|
{
"text": [
"Democrats of the Left"
]
}
|
L2_Q47556_P102_2
|
Pier Luigi Bersani is a member of the Democratic Party from Oct, 2007 to Dec, 2022.
Pier Luigi Bersani is a member of the Democratic Party of the Left from Feb, 1991 to Feb, 1998.
Pier Luigi Bersani is a member of the Democrats of the Left from Feb, 1998 to Oct, 2007.
Pier Luigi Bersani is a member of the Italian Communist Party from Jan, 1960 to Feb, 1991.
|
Pier Luigi BersaniPier Luigi Bersani (; born 29 September 1951) is an Italian politician and was Secretary of the Democratic Party (PD), Italy's leading centre-left party, from 2009 to 2013. Bersani was Minister of Industry, Commerce and Craftmanship from 1996 to 1999, Minister of Transport from 1999 to 2001, and Minister of Economic Development from 2006 to 2008.Pier Luigi Bersani was born on 29 September 1951, in Bettola, a mountain municipality in Nure Valley, in the province of Piacenza, Emilia-Romagna region, Italy. His father was a mechanic and a gas station clerk. After earning his high-school degree in Piacenza, Bersani enrolled in the University of Bologna where he graduated in philosophy with a dissertation on Pope Gregory I. He married Daniela in 1980, and he has two daughters: Elisa and Margherita. After a short experience as a teacher he committed his life to politics and public administration.Bersani joined the Italian Communist Party and subsequently the Democratic Party of the Left. As member of the National Secretariat of the Democrats of the Left, he was responsible for the economic sector. As a young man, he became Vice-President of the Mountain Community of Piacenza, then elected in the Regional Council of Emilia-Romagna region and Vice-President of Emilia-Romagna in 1990; he was President of Emilia-Romagna from 1993 to 1996.After the general election of 1996 he was Minister of Industry, Commerce and Craftmanship (1996–1999) and Minister of Transports (1999–2001) in the center-left cabinets of Prodi, D'Alema, Amato.In 2004, he was elected to the European Parliament representing the North-West region for the Democrats of the Left, part of the Socialist Group, and sat on the European Parliament's Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs. He was a substitute for the Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection, a member of the Delegation to the European Union-Kazakhstan, EU-Kyrgyzstan and EU-Uzbekistan Parliamentary Cooperation Committees, and for relations with Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Mongolia, and a substitute for the Delegation for relations with Belarus. He left the European Parliament on his re-election to the Chamber of Deputies in 2006, and he was appointed as Minister of Economic Development in the government of Prime Minister Romano Prodi on 17 May 2006.The Prodi II Cabinet assigned the Minister of Economic Development, Pier Luigi Bersani, the task of introducing reforms aimed at achieving increased market liberalization and competition. The minister responded with Decree Law 223 of 30 June 2006, later converted into Law 248/2006, popularly known as the "Bersani 1" decree on taxi drivers and pharmacies, although it addressed other sectors as well.The government's policy of competition and liberalization would not to stop there. "Bersani 1" was followed by "Bersani 2" (decree 7 of 31 January 2007, converted into Law 40 of 2 April 2007), and then by a series of bills for the liberalization of the professions and television broadcasting, local public services, and energy, as well as the reduction and simplification of times and procedures for the start up of new businesses. Another bill proposed to rationalize the jurisdictions of the regulatory authorities, modifying and reinforcing their powers, particularly with regard to competition. Still another bill would introduce and regulate the judicial procedures for class action lawsuits.On 25 October 2009, Bersani defeated incumbents Dario Franceschini and Ignazio Marino in the Democratic Party leadership election, thus becoming Italy's main opposition leader, scoring 55.1% among party members. Since 7 November 2009, as decided by the National Assembly, Pier Luigi Bersani officially took office as Secretary of the Democratic Party of Italy. He defeated the mayor of Florence Matteo Renzi in the 2012 primary election.Before the 2013 Italian general election, the Democratic Party was ahead but at "the beginning of the year, Bersani’s party was above 40%, and former center-right Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi was hovering around 25%. By the time [reported] polling stopped [a week before the vote], the right was up to 30% and the left down to 35%. Outgoing appointed-technocrat Prime Minister Mario Monti's centrist party-coalition was at less than 15% of the vote and the protest Five-Star Movement led by comedian Beppe Grillo was getting more than 15%".In the general elections on 24–25 February 2013, as a consequence of the electoral system the DP-led centre-left coalition took a small absolute majority in the lower house. In most of the rest of Europe, this would have been enough to make Bersani Prime Minister. However, the coalition failed to gain a majority in the Senate. Italian governments must maintain the confidence of both chambers in order to stay in office. Bersani said he would try to form a government with the informal support of Five Star Movement. Anna Finocchiaro, PD's leader in the Senate, confirmed the likelihood PD would not form a new coalition with Berlusconi's Centre-right coalition.On 22 March President Giorgio Napolitano asked Bersani to form a new government. On 27 March Bersani failed to strike a deal for forming a new Italian government with the grassroots Five-Star Movement (M5S) which held the balance of power after February's inconclusive elections. On 19 April Bersani announced he would be stepping down from his post as Democratic Party leader after Romano Prodi failed to secure a parliamentary majority in the presidential election.In 2001, Bersani co-founded with Vincenzo Visco the "NENS" ("New Economy, New Society") think tank. He is also chairman of the "Nuova Romea" Society that was established in 2002 with the objective of the development of Emilia-Romagna and Veneto territories.
|
[
"Democratic Party of the Left",
"Italian Communist Party",
"Democratic Party"
] |
|
Which political party did Pier Luigi Bersani belong to in Jun, 2022?
|
June 29, 2022
|
{
"text": [
"Democratic Party"
]
}
|
L2_Q47556_P102_3
|
Pier Luigi Bersani is a member of the Democratic Party from Oct, 2007 to Dec, 2022.
Pier Luigi Bersani is a member of the Democrats of the Left from Feb, 1998 to Oct, 2007.
Pier Luigi Bersani is a member of the Italian Communist Party from Jan, 1960 to Feb, 1991.
Pier Luigi Bersani is a member of the Democratic Party of the Left from Feb, 1991 to Feb, 1998.
|
Pier Luigi BersaniPier Luigi Bersani (; born 29 September 1951) is an Italian politician and was Secretary of the Democratic Party (PD), Italy's leading centre-left party, from 2009 to 2013. Bersani was Minister of Industry, Commerce and Craftmanship from 1996 to 1999, Minister of Transport from 1999 to 2001, and Minister of Economic Development from 2006 to 2008.Pier Luigi Bersani was born on 29 September 1951, in Bettola, a mountain municipality in Nure Valley, in the province of Piacenza, Emilia-Romagna region, Italy. His father was a mechanic and a gas station clerk. After earning his high-school degree in Piacenza, Bersani enrolled in the University of Bologna where he graduated in philosophy with a dissertation on Pope Gregory I. He married Daniela in 1980, and he has two daughters: Elisa and Margherita. After a short experience as a teacher he committed his life to politics and public administration.Bersani joined the Italian Communist Party and subsequently the Democratic Party of the Left. As member of the National Secretariat of the Democrats of the Left, he was responsible for the economic sector. As a young man, he became Vice-President of the Mountain Community of Piacenza, then elected in the Regional Council of Emilia-Romagna region and Vice-President of Emilia-Romagna in 1990; he was President of Emilia-Romagna from 1993 to 1996.After the general election of 1996 he was Minister of Industry, Commerce and Craftmanship (1996–1999) and Minister of Transports (1999–2001) in the center-left cabinets of Prodi, D'Alema, Amato.In 2004, he was elected to the European Parliament representing the North-West region for the Democrats of the Left, part of the Socialist Group, and sat on the European Parliament's Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs. He was a substitute for the Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection, a member of the Delegation to the European Union-Kazakhstan, EU-Kyrgyzstan and EU-Uzbekistan Parliamentary Cooperation Committees, and for relations with Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Mongolia, and a substitute for the Delegation for relations with Belarus. He left the European Parliament on his re-election to the Chamber of Deputies in 2006, and he was appointed as Minister of Economic Development in the government of Prime Minister Romano Prodi on 17 May 2006.The Prodi II Cabinet assigned the Minister of Economic Development, Pier Luigi Bersani, the task of introducing reforms aimed at achieving increased market liberalization and competition. The minister responded with Decree Law 223 of 30 June 2006, later converted into Law 248/2006, popularly known as the "Bersani 1" decree on taxi drivers and pharmacies, although it addressed other sectors as well.The government's policy of competition and liberalization would not to stop there. "Bersani 1" was followed by "Bersani 2" (decree 7 of 31 January 2007, converted into Law 40 of 2 April 2007), and then by a series of bills for the liberalization of the professions and television broadcasting, local public services, and energy, as well as the reduction and simplification of times and procedures for the start up of new businesses. Another bill proposed to rationalize the jurisdictions of the regulatory authorities, modifying and reinforcing their powers, particularly with regard to competition. Still another bill would introduce and regulate the judicial procedures for class action lawsuits.On 25 October 2009, Bersani defeated incumbents Dario Franceschini and Ignazio Marino in the Democratic Party leadership election, thus becoming Italy's main opposition leader, scoring 55.1% among party members. Since 7 November 2009, as decided by the National Assembly, Pier Luigi Bersani officially took office as Secretary of the Democratic Party of Italy. He defeated the mayor of Florence Matteo Renzi in the 2012 primary election.Before the 2013 Italian general election, the Democratic Party was ahead but at "the beginning of the year, Bersani’s party was above 40%, and former center-right Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi was hovering around 25%. By the time [reported] polling stopped [a week before the vote], the right was up to 30% and the left down to 35%. Outgoing appointed-technocrat Prime Minister Mario Monti's centrist party-coalition was at less than 15% of the vote and the protest Five-Star Movement led by comedian Beppe Grillo was getting more than 15%".In the general elections on 24–25 February 2013, as a consequence of the electoral system the DP-led centre-left coalition took a small absolute majority in the lower house. In most of the rest of Europe, this would have been enough to make Bersani Prime Minister. However, the coalition failed to gain a majority in the Senate. Italian governments must maintain the confidence of both chambers in order to stay in office. Bersani said he would try to form a government with the informal support of Five Star Movement. Anna Finocchiaro, PD's leader in the Senate, confirmed the likelihood PD would not form a new coalition with Berlusconi's Centre-right coalition.On 22 March President Giorgio Napolitano asked Bersani to form a new government. On 27 March Bersani failed to strike a deal for forming a new Italian government with the grassroots Five-Star Movement (M5S) which held the balance of power after February's inconclusive elections. On 19 April Bersani announced he would be stepping down from his post as Democratic Party leader after Romano Prodi failed to secure a parliamentary majority in the presidential election.In 2001, Bersani co-founded with Vincenzo Visco the "NENS" ("New Economy, New Society") think tank. He is also chairman of the "Nuova Romea" Society that was established in 2002 with the objective of the development of Emilia-Romagna and Veneto territories.
|
[
"Democratic Party of the Left",
"Italian Communist Party",
"Democrats of the Left"
] |
|
Which team did Joey Ryan Gundok play for in Aug, 2006?
|
August 23, 2006
|
{
"text": [
"Perlis FA"
]
}
|
L2_Q6214537_P54_0
|
Joey Ryan Gundok plays for Melaka United from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008.
Joey Ryan Gundok plays for Perlis FA from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2007.
Joey Ryan Gundok plays for Brunei DPMM FC from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2009.
Joey Ryan Gundok plays for Sabah F.C. from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
|
Joey Ryan GundokJoey Ryan Gundok (born 9 May 1983) is a Malaysian professional footballer from state of Sabah. He play as a midfielder.He played for Sabah FA since 2003 season but move to Perlis FA for 2006/07 season. He return to Sabah after 2007/08 season ended for the trial with his former team Sabah FA.
|
[
"Melaka United",
"Brunei DPMM FC",
"Sabah F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Joey Ryan Gundok play for in Sep, 2007?
|
September 26, 2007
|
{
"text": [
"Melaka United"
]
}
|
L2_Q6214537_P54_1
|
Joey Ryan Gundok plays for Melaka United from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008.
Joey Ryan Gundok plays for Brunei DPMM FC from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2009.
Joey Ryan Gundok plays for Perlis FA from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2007.
Joey Ryan Gundok plays for Sabah F.C. from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
|
Joey Ryan GundokJoey Ryan Gundok (born 9 May 1983) is a Malaysian professional footballer from state of Sabah. He play as a midfielder.He played for Sabah FA since 2003 season but move to Perlis FA for 2006/07 season. He return to Sabah after 2007/08 season ended for the trial with his former team Sabah FA.
|
[
"Brunei DPMM FC",
"Sabah F.C.",
"Perlis FA"
] |
|
Which team did Joey Ryan Gundok play for in Aug, 2009?
|
August 25, 2009
|
{
"text": [
"Sabah F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q6214537_P54_2
|
Joey Ryan Gundok plays for Brunei DPMM FC from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2009.
Joey Ryan Gundok plays for Sabah F.C. from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Joey Ryan Gundok plays for Perlis FA from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2007.
Joey Ryan Gundok plays for Melaka United from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008.
|
Joey Ryan GundokJoey Ryan Gundok (born 9 May 1983) is a Malaysian professional footballer from state of Sabah. He play as a midfielder.He played for Sabah FA since 2003 season but move to Perlis FA for 2006/07 season. He return to Sabah after 2007/08 season ended for the trial with his former team Sabah FA.
|
[
"Melaka United",
"Brunei DPMM FC",
"Perlis FA"
] |
|
Which team did Joey Ryan Gundok play for in Jan, 2009?
|
January 01, 2009
|
{
"text": [
"Brunei DPMM FC",
"Sabah F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q6214537_P54_3
|
Joey Ryan Gundok plays for Brunei DPMM FC from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2009.
Joey Ryan Gundok plays for Perlis FA from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2007.
Joey Ryan Gundok plays for Sabah F.C. from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Joey Ryan Gundok plays for Melaka United from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008.
|
Joey Ryan GundokJoey Ryan Gundok (born 9 May 1983) is a Malaysian professional footballer from state of Sabah. He play as a midfielder.He played for Sabah FA since 2003 season but move to Perlis FA for 2006/07 season. He return to Sabah after 2007/08 season ended for the trial with his former team Sabah FA.
|
[
"Melaka United",
"Perlis FA",
"Melaka United",
"Perlis FA"
] |
|
Which employer did Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff work for in Jan, 1878?
|
January 21, 1878
|
{
"text": [
"University of Greifswald"
]
}
|
L2_Q61863_P108_0
|
Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff works for Frederick William University from Jan, 1897 to Jan, 1921.
Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff works for University of Göttingen from Jan, 1883 to Jan, 1897.
Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff works for University of Greifswald from Jan, 1876 to Jan, 1883.
|
Ulrich von Wilamowitz-MoellendorffEnno Friedrich Wichard Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff (22 December 1848 – 25 September 1931) was a German classical philologist. Wilamowitz, as he is known in scholarly circles, was a renowned authority on Ancient Greece and its literature.Wilamowitz-Moellendorff was born in Markowitz (Markowice), a small village near Hohensalza (Inowrocław), in the then Province of Posen (now part of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship), to a Germanized family of distant Polish ancestry. His father, a Prussian Junker, was Arnold Wilamowitz, of Szlachta origin and using the Ogończyk coat of arms, while his mother was Ulrika, née Calbo. The couple settled in a small manor confiscated from a local noble in 1836. The Prussian part of their name, von Moellendorf, was acquired in 1813, when Prussian field marshal Wichard Joachim Heinrich von Möllendorf adopted Ulrich's ancestors. Wilamowitz, a third child, grew up in East Prussia.In 1867 Wilamowitz passed his "Abitur" at the renowned boarding school at Schulpforta.Until 1869 Wilamowitz studied Classical Philology at the University of Bonn. His teachers, Otto Jahn and Hermann Usener, had a formative influence on him. Willamowitz's relationship with Usener was strained. He developed a lifelong rivalry with his fellow student Friedrich Nietzsche and a close friendship with his contemporary Hermann Diels. Together with Diels, he moved to Berlin in 1869, where he graduated as a Doctor of Philosophy cum laude in 1870. After voluntary service in the Franco-Prussian War, he embarked on a study tour to Italy and Greece.Even before he gained a professorial title, Wilamowitz was a member of a scholarly dispute about Nietzsche's "Birth of Tragedy" that attracted much attention. In 1872–73, he published two unusually aggressive polemics (German: ""Zukunftsphilologie"", i.e. ""Philology of the future""), which strongly attacked Nietzsche (then Professor at the University of Basel) and Professor Erwin Rohde (University of Kiel). Richard Wagner, whose views on art had influenced Nietzsche and Rohde, reacted by publishing an open letter and Rohde wrote a damning response. The issue at stake was the deprecation of Euripides, on whom Nietzsche blamed the destruction of Greek tragedy. Wilamowitz saw the methods of his adversaries as an attack on the basic tenets of scientific thought, unmasking them as enemies of the scientific method. His polemic was considered as Classical philology's reply to Nietzsche's challenge.At the age of 80 when Wilamowitz wrote his memoirs, he saw the conflict with Nietzsche less passionately but did not retract the essential points of his critique. He stated that he had not fully realised at the time that Nietzsche was not interested in scientific understanding but rather in Wagner's musical drama, but also that he was nevertheless right to take his position against Nietzsche's "rape of historical facts and all historical method".In 1875, he gained a professorial title for his study "Analecta Euripidea". In the same year he gave his first public academic lecture in Berlin. In 1876, he was employed as "Ordinarius" (full professor) for Classical Philology at Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität at Greifswald. During this period, he also married Marie Mommsen, the eldest daughter of Theodor Mommsen, and published "Homeric Studies" ("Homerische Studien").In 1883, he took a further professorial position at Georg-August-Universität in Göttingen. Here, he continued to teach Classical Philology but also gave replacement lectures in Ancient History. His influence ensured the employment of his Greifswald colleague, Julius Wellhausen, in Göttingen. In 1891, he became vice-chancellor of the university, and he was appointed a member of Göttingen's Royal Academy of Sciences one year later. When Wilamowitz left Göttingen, he was succeeded by Georg Kaibel, a close associate from his student days and his successor at Greifswald.In 1897, with the support of his friend Diels, Wilamowitz was offered a position at the Royal Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität at Berlin, as successor to Ernst Curtius. He stayed until his retirement in 1921. In 1915, he was appointed chancellor of the university for one year. Together with Diels, he founded the Berlin Institute for Ancient Studies ("Institut für Altertumskunde") in 1897. His public lectures on subjects of Classical antiquity, which took place twice a week, attracted large audiences.In 1891, Wilamowitz was elected a corresponding member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences and he was a full member from 1899. In 1902 he took the academy's presidency. As a member of the Göttingen academy, he strongly encouraged the publication of the "Thesaurus Linguae Latinae". From 1897 he also worked as a member to the academy's Commission for Patristics. In 1894 he was elected full member of the German Archaeological Institute. He also was editor of the series "Philologische Untersuchungen" from 1880 to 1925.Further, Wilamowitz taught as a guest lecturer in Oxford (1908) and Uppsala (1912), was a corresponding member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters (1909) and the Scientific Society of Lund (1921).During his presidency of the Prussian Academy, Wilamowitz oversaw the continuation of August Böckh's and Adolf Kirchhoff's publication series, the "Inscriptiones Graecae". Wilamowitz had a formative influence on the further development of that project, which he directed until his death.Wilamowitz was an initiator of the memorandum "Erklärung der Hochschullehrer des Deutschen Reiches" ("Declaration by the University Teachers of the German Reich"), in which 3,016 signatories supported German participation in the First World War. Shortly after, he also signed the "Manifesto of the Ninety-Three", from which he distanced himself later. In 1914, his son, Tycho von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, who was also active as a classical philologist, fell in the battle of Ivangorod. The memorandum appeared a few days later.In 1878 he married Maria Mommsen, the eldest daughter of the famous ancient historian, Theodor Mommsen, whom he actively assisted in the completion of his "Roman History".Wilamowitz spent his last years in seclusion, suffering from severe kidney problems. He died in Berlin on 25 September 1931, having been in a coma for a short time. He is buried in his native village, along with his wife, Maria (1855–1936), and their only son, Tycho. He also had a daughter, Dorothea Freifrau Hiller von Gaertringen, wife of archaeologist Friedrich Hiller von Gaertringen, who died on 24 March 1972.Wilamowitz is one of the central figures of 19th and 20th century Classical philology. As a great authority of the literature and history of Ancient Greece, Wilamowitz took a stance against traditional methodology and textual criticism. As a representative of Postclassicism, he concentrated less on literary history but rather aimed to extract biographical information on the respective authors from the preserved texts. Thus, he employed historical perspectives to serve philology. Apart from his seminal general works ("Greek Literature from Antiquity", "Hellenistic Poetry"), he published numerous detailed studies of Euripides, Homer, Aeschylus, Pindar and Aristotle. As a scientific organiser, he was also responsible for the publication of important standard-setting source material publications, such as "Inscriptiones Graecae".He also passionately supported the preservation of Classical education in the German school system.Notable pupils of his include Felix Jacoby, Karl Mittelhaus, Wolfgang Schadewaldt, Eduard Fraenkel, Werner Jaeger, Johannes Geffcken, Paul Maas, Eduard Schwartz, Gilbert Murray, Paul Friedländer, Friedrich Solmsen and Johannes Sykutris.In recent decades, the American scholar William M. Calder III has been publishing a series of important documents about and by Wilamowitz, including much of his correspondence with Diels, Eduard Norden, Mommsen, Paul Wendland, and others.
|
[
"Frederick William University",
"University of Göttingen"
] |
|
Which employer did Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff work for in Jan, 1889?
|
January 31, 1889
|
{
"text": [
"University of Göttingen"
]
}
|
L2_Q61863_P108_1
|
Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff works for University of Greifswald from Jan, 1876 to Jan, 1883.
Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff works for University of Göttingen from Jan, 1883 to Jan, 1897.
Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff works for Frederick William University from Jan, 1897 to Jan, 1921.
|
Ulrich von Wilamowitz-MoellendorffEnno Friedrich Wichard Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff (22 December 1848 – 25 September 1931) was a German classical philologist. Wilamowitz, as he is known in scholarly circles, was a renowned authority on Ancient Greece and its literature.Wilamowitz-Moellendorff was born in Markowitz (Markowice), a small village near Hohensalza (Inowrocław), in the then Province of Posen (now part of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship), to a Germanized family of distant Polish ancestry. His father, a Prussian Junker, was Arnold Wilamowitz, of Szlachta origin and using the Ogończyk coat of arms, while his mother was Ulrika, née Calbo. The couple settled in a small manor confiscated from a local noble in 1836. The Prussian part of their name, von Moellendorf, was acquired in 1813, when Prussian field marshal Wichard Joachim Heinrich von Möllendorf adopted Ulrich's ancestors. Wilamowitz, a third child, grew up in East Prussia.In 1867 Wilamowitz passed his "Abitur" at the renowned boarding school at Schulpforta.Until 1869 Wilamowitz studied Classical Philology at the University of Bonn. His teachers, Otto Jahn and Hermann Usener, had a formative influence on him. Willamowitz's relationship with Usener was strained. He developed a lifelong rivalry with his fellow student Friedrich Nietzsche and a close friendship with his contemporary Hermann Diels. Together with Diels, he moved to Berlin in 1869, where he graduated as a Doctor of Philosophy cum laude in 1870. After voluntary service in the Franco-Prussian War, he embarked on a study tour to Italy and Greece.Even before he gained a professorial title, Wilamowitz was a member of a scholarly dispute about Nietzsche's "Birth of Tragedy" that attracted much attention. In 1872–73, he published two unusually aggressive polemics (German: ""Zukunftsphilologie"", i.e. ""Philology of the future""), which strongly attacked Nietzsche (then Professor at the University of Basel) and Professor Erwin Rohde (University of Kiel). Richard Wagner, whose views on art had influenced Nietzsche and Rohde, reacted by publishing an open letter and Rohde wrote a damning response. The issue at stake was the deprecation of Euripides, on whom Nietzsche blamed the destruction of Greek tragedy. Wilamowitz saw the methods of his adversaries as an attack on the basic tenets of scientific thought, unmasking them as enemies of the scientific method. His polemic was considered as Classical philology's reply to Nietzsche's challenge.At the age of 80 when Wilamowitz wrote his memoirs, he saw the conflict with Nietzsche less passionately but did not retract the essential points of his critique. He stated that he had not fully realised at the time that Nietzsche was not interested in scientific understanding but rather in Wagner's musical drama, but also that he was nevertheless right to take his position against Nietzsche's "rape of historical facts and all historical method".In 1875, he gained a professorial title for his study "Analecta Euripidea". In the same year he gave his first public academic lecture in Berlin. In 1876, he was employed as "Ordinarius" (full professor) for Classical Philology at Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität at Greifswald. During this period, he also married Marie Mommsen, the eldest daughter of Theodor Mommsen, and published "Homeric Studies" ("Homerische Studien").In 1883, he took a further professorial position at Georg-August-Universität in Göttingen. Here, he continued to teach Classical Philology but also gave replacement lectures in Ancient History. His influence ensured the employment of his Greifswald colleague, Julius Wellhausen, in Göttingen. In 1891, he became vice-chancellor of the university, and he was appointed a member of Göttingen's Royal Academy of Sciences one year later. When Wilamowitz left Göttingen, he was succeeded by Georg Kaibel, a close associate from his student days and his successor at Greifswald.In 1897, with the support of his friend Diels, Wilamowitz was offered a position at the Royal Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität at Berlin, as successor to Ernst Curtius. He stayed until his retirement in 1921. In 1915, he was appointed chancellor of the university for one year. Together with Diels, he founded the Berlin Institute for Ancient Studies ("Institut für Altertumskunde") in 1897. His public lectures on subjects of Classical antiquity, which took place twice a week, attracted large audiences.In 1891, Wilamowitz was elected a corresponding member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences and he was a full member from 1899. In 1902 he took the academy's presidency. As a member of the Göttingen academy, he strongly encouraged the publication of the "Thesaurus Linguae Latinae". From 1897 he also worked as a member to the academy's Commission for Patristics. In 1894 he was elected full member of the German Archaeological Institute. He also was editor of the series "Philologische Untersuchungen" from 1880 to 1925.Further, Wilamowitz taught as a guest lecturer in Oxford (1908) and Uppsala (1912), was a corresponding member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters (1909) and the Scientific Society of Lund (1921).During his presidency of the Prussian Academy, Wilamowitz oversaw the continuation of August Böckh's and Adolf Kirchhoff's publication series, the "Inscriptiones Graecae". Wilamowitz had a formative influence on the further development of that project, which he directed until his death.Wilamowitz was an initiator of the memorandum "Erklärung der Hochschullehrer des Deutschen Reiches" ("Declaration by the University Teachers of the German Reich"), in which 3,016 signatories supported German participation in the First World War. Shortly after, he also signed the "Manifesto of the Ninety-Three", from which he distanced himself later. In 1914, his son, Tycho von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, who was also active as a classical philologist, fell in the battle of Ivangorod. The memorandum appeared a few days later.In 1878 he married Maria Mommsen, the eldest daughter of the famous ancient historian, Theodor Mommsen, whom he actively assisted in the completion of his "Roman History".Wilamowitz spent his last years in seclusion, suffering from severe kidney problems. He died in Berlin on 25 September 1931, having been in a coma for a short time. He is buried in his native village, along with his wife, Maria (1855–1936), and their only son, Tycho. He also had a daughter, Dorothea Freifrau Hiller von Gaertringen, wife of archaeologist Friedrich Hiller von Gaertringen, who died on 24 March 1972.Wilamowitz is one of the central figures of 19th and 20th century Classical philology. As a great authority of the literature and history of Ancient Greece, Wilamowitz took a stance against traditional methodology and textual criticism. As a representative of Postclassicism, he concentrated less on literary history but rather aimed to extract biographical information on the respective authors from the preserved texts. Thus, he employed historical perspectives to serve philology. Apart from his seminal general works ("Greek Literature from Antiquity", "Hellenistic Poetry"), he published numerous detailed studies of Euripides, Homer, Aeschylus, Pindar and Aristotle. As a scientific organiser, he was also responsible for the publication of important standard-setting source material publications, such as "Inscriptiones Graecae".He also passionately supported the preservation of Classical education in the German school system.Notable pupils of his include Felix Jacoby, Karl Mittelhaus, Wolfgang Schadewaldt, Eduard Fraenkel, Werner Jaeger, Johannes Geffcken, Paul Maas, Eduard Schwartz, Gilbert Murray, Paul Friedländer, Friedrich Solmsen and Johannes Sykutris.In recent decades, the American scholar William M. Calder III has been publishing a series of important documents about and by Wilamowitz, including much of his correspondence with Diels, Eduard Norden, Mommsen, Paul Wendland, and others.
|
[
"Frederick William University",
"University of Greifswald"
] |
|
Which employer did Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff work for in Aug, 1909?
|
August 28, 1909
|
{
"text": [
"Frederick William University"
]
}
|
L2_Q61863_P108_2
|
Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff works for University of Göttingen from Jan, 1883 to Jan, 1897.
Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff works for Frederick William University from Jan, 1897 to Jan, 1921.
Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff works for University of Greifswald from Jan, 1876 to Jan, 1883.
|
Ulrich von Wilamowitz-MoellendorffEnno Friedrich Wichard Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff (22 December 1848 – 25 September 1931) was a German classical philologist. Wilamowitz, as he is known in scholarly circles, was a renowned authority on Ancient Greece and its literature.Wilamowitz-Moellendorff was born in Markowitz (Markowice), a small village near Hohensalza (Inowrocław), in the then Province of Posen (now part of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship), to a Germanized family of distant Polish ancestry. His father, a Prussian Junker, was Arnold Wilamowitz, of Szlachta origin and using the Ogończyk coat of arms, while his mother was Ulrika, née Calbo. The couple settled in a small manor confiscated from a local noble in 1836. The Prussian part of their name, von Moellendorf, was acquired in 1813, when Prussian field marshal Wichard Joachim Heinrich von Möllendorf adopted Ulrich's ancestors. Wilamowitz, a third child, grew up in East Prussia.In 1867 Wilamowitz passed his "Abitur" at the renowned boarding school at Schulpforta.Until 1869 Wilamowitz studied Classical Philology at the University of Bonn. His teachers, Otto Jahn and Hermann Usener, had a formative influence on him. Willamowitz's relationship with Usener was strained. He developed a lifelong rivalry with his fellow student Friedrich Nietzsche and a close friendship with his contemporary Hermann Diels. Together with Diels, he moved to Berlin in 1869, where he graduated as a Doctor of Philosophy cum laude in 1870. After voluntary service in the Franco-Prussian War, he embarked on a study tour to Italy and Greece.Even before he gained a professorial title, Wilamowitz was a member of a scholarly dispute about Nietzsche's "Birth of Tragedy" that attracted much attention. In 1872–73, he published two unusually aggressive polemics (German: ""Zukunftsphilologie"", i.e. ""Philology of the future""), which strongly attacked Nietzsche (then Professor at the University of Basel) and Professor Erwin Rohde (University of Kiel). Richard Wagner, whose views on art had influenced Nietzsche and Rohde, reacted by publishing an open letter and Rohde wrote a damning response. The issue at stake was the deprecation of Euripides, on whom Nietzsche blamed the destruction of Greek tragedy. Wilamowitz saw the methods of his adversaries as an attack on the basic tenets of scientific thought, unmasking them as enemies of the scientific method. His polemic was considered as Classical philology's reply to Nietzsche's challenge.At the age of 80 when Wilamowitz wrote his memoirs, he saw the conflict with Nietzsche less passionately but did not retract the essential points of his critique. He stated that he had not fully realised at the time that Nietzsche was not interested in scientific understanding but rather in Wagner's musical drama, but also that he was nevertheless right to take his position against Nietzsche's "rape of historical facts and all historical method".In 1875, he gained a professorial title for his study "Analecta Euripidea". In the same year he gave his first public academic lecture in Berlin. In 1876, he was employed as "Ordinarius" (full professor) for Classical Philology at Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität at Greifswald. During this period, he also married Marie Mommsen, the eldest daughter of Theodor Mommsen, and published "Homeric Studies" ("Homerische Studien").In 1883, he took a further professorial position at Georg-August-Universität in Göttingen. Here, he continued to teach Classical Philology but also gave replacement lectures in Ancient History. His influence ensured the employment of his Greifswald colleague, Julius Wellhausen, in Göttingen. In 1891, he became vice-chancellor of the university, and he was appointed a member of Göttingen's Royal Academy of Sciences one year later. When Wilamowitz left Göttingen, he was succeeded by Georg Kaibel, a close associate from his student days and his successor at Greifswald.In 1897, with the support of his friend Diels, Wilamowitz was offered a position at the Royal Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität at Berlin, as successor to Ernst Curtius. He stayed until his retirement in 1921. In 1915, he was appointed chancellor of the university for one year. Together with Diels, he founded the Berlin Institute for Ancient Studies ("Institut für Altertumskunde") in 1897. His public lectures on subjects of Classical antiquity, which took place twice a week, attracted large audiences.In 1891, Wilamowitz was elected a corresponding member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences and he was a full member from 1899. In 1902 he took the academy's presidency. As a member of the Göttingen academy, he strongly encouraged the publication of the "Thesaurus Linguae Latinae". From 1897 he also worked as a member to the academy's Commission for Patristics. In 1894 he was elected full member of the German Archaeological Institute. He also was editor of the series "Philologische Untersuchungen" from 1880 to 1925.Further, Wilamowitz taught as a guest lecturer in Oxford (1908) and Uppsala (1912), was a corresponding member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters (1909) and the Scientific Society of Lund (1921).During his presidency of the Prussian Academy, Wilamowitz oversaw the continuation of August Böckh's and Adolf Kirchhoff's publication series, the "Inscriptiones Graecae". Wilamowitz had a formative influence on the further development of that project, which he directed until his death.Wilamowitz was an initiator of the memorandum "Erklärung der Hochschullehrer des Deutschen Reiches" ("Declaration by the University Teachers of the German Reich"), in which 3,016 signatories supported German participation in the First World War. Shortly after, he also signed the "Manifesto of the Ninety-Three", from which he distanced himself later. In 1914, his son, Tycho von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, who was also active as a classical philologist, fell in the battle of Ivangorod. The memorandum appeared a few days later.In 1878 he married Maria Mommsen, the eldest daughter of the famous ancient historian, Theodor Mommsen, whom he actively assisted in the completion of his "Roman History".Wilamowitz spent his last years in seclusion, suffering from severe kidney problems. He died in Berlin on 25 September 1931, having been in a coma for a short time. He is buried in his native village, along with his wife, Maria (1855–1936), and their only son, Tycho. He also had a daughter, Dorothea Freifrau Hiller von Gaertringen, wife of archaeologist Friedrich Hiller von Gaertringen, who died on 24 March 1972.Wilamowitz is one of the central figures of 19th and 20th century Classical philology. As a great authority of the literature and history of Ancient Greece, Wilamowitz took a stance against traditional methodology and textual criticism. As a representative of Postclassicism, he concentrated less on literary history but rather aimed to extract biographical information on the respective authors from the preserved texts. Thus, he employed historical perspectives to serve philology. Apart from his seminal general works ("Greek Literature from Antiquity", "Hellenistic Poetry"), he published numerous detailed studies of Euripides, Homer, Aeschylus, Pindar and Aristotle. As a scientific organiser, he was also responsible for the publication of important standard-setting source material publications, such as "Inscriptiones Graecae".He also passionately supported the preservation of Classical education in the German school system.Notable pupils of his include Felix Jacoby, Karl Mittelhaus, Wolfgang Schadewaldt, Eduard Fraenkel, Werner Jaeger, Johannes Geffcken, Paul Maas, Eduard Schwartz, Gilbert Murray, Paul Friedländer, Friedrich Solmsen and Johannes Sykutris.In recent decades, the American scholar William M. Calder III has been publishing a series of important documents about and by Wilamowitz, including much of his correspondence with Diels, Eduard Norden, Mommsen, Paul Wendland, and others.
|
[
"University of Greifswald",
"University of Göttingen"
] |
|
Which employer did Charles-André Julien work for in Oct, 1927?
|
October 25, 1927
|
{
"text": [
"Lycée Janson-de-Sailly"
]
}
|
L2_Q2957939_P108_0
|
Charles-André Julien works for Lycée Condorcet from Jan, 1941 to Jan, 1942.
Charles-André Julien works for Lycée Montaigne from Jan, 1932 to Jan, 1941.
Charles-André Julien works for Lycée Janson-de-Sailly from Jan, 1926 to Jan, 1932.
|
Charles-André JulienCharles-André Julien (2 September 1891 – 19 July 1991) was a French journalist and historian specialised in the history of the Maghreb, his most famous work is "Histoire de l'Afrique du Nord : Des origines à 1830" (History of North Africa from the origins to 1830).Charles-André Julien was born in Caen, northern France and emigrated with his family to Algeria (then under French occupation) at the age of 15, where he picked up an interest in the history of the region. Julien's History of North Africa served as the standard reference work on the subject for decades. His political commitments and specialized knowledge of North Africa contributed to his place on the Popular Front's Haut Comité méditerranéen et de l'Afrique du Nord from 1936 to 1939 and election to the Council of the French Union from 1946-1958.Charles-André Julien taught at the Mohammed V University of Rabat and the Sorbonne of Paris. He was also a regular columnist at the French daily "Le Monde".
|
[
"Lycée Condorcet",
"Lycée Montaigne"
] |
|
Which employer did Charles-André Julien work for in Jan, 1936?
|
January 12, 1936
|
{
"text": [
"Lycée Montaigne"
]
}
|
L2_Q2957939_P108_1
|
Charles-André Julien works for Lycée Janson-de-Sailly from Jan, 1926 to Jan, 1932.
Charles-André Julien works for Lycée Montaigne from Jan, 1932 to Jan, 1941.
Charles-André Julien works for Lycée Condorcet from Jan, 1941 to Jan, 1942.
|
Charles-André JulienCharles-André Julien (2 September 1891 – 19 July 1991) was a French journalist and historian specialised in the history of the Maghreb, his most famous work is "Histoire de l'Afrique du Nord : Des origines à 1830" (History of North Africa from the origins to 1830).Charles-André Julien was born in Caen, northern France and emigrated with his family to Algeria (then under French occupation) at the age of 15, where he picked up an interest in the history of the region. Julien's History of North Africa served as the standard reference work on the subject for decades. His political commitments and specialized knowledge of North Africa contributed to his place on the Popular Front's Haut Comité méditerranéen et de l'Afrique du Nord from 1936 to 1939 and election to the Council of the French Union from 1946-1958.Charles-André Julien taught at the Mohammed V University of Rabat and the Sorbonne of Paris. He was also a regular columnist at the French daily "Le Monde".
|
[
"Lycée Condorcet",
"Lycée Janson-de-Sailly"
] |
|
Which employer did Charles-André Julien work for in May, 1941?
|
May 30, 1941
|
{
"text": [
"Lycée Condorcet"
]
}
|
L2_Q2957939_P108_2
|
Charles-André Julien works for Lycée Montaigne from Jan, 1932 to Jan, 1941.
Charles-André Julien works for Lycée Janson-de-Sailly from Jan, 1926 to Jan, 1932.
Charles-André Julien works for Lycée Condorcet from Jan, 1941 to Jan, 1942.
|
Charles-André JulienCharles-André Julien (2 September 1891 – 19 July 1991) was a French journalist and historian specialised in the history of the Maghreb, his most famous work is "Histoire de l'Afrique du Nord : Des origines à 1830" (History of North Africa from the origins to 1830).Charles-André Julien was born in Caen, northern France and emigrated with his family to Algeria (then under French occupation) at the age of 15, where he picked up an interest in the history of the region. Julien's History of North Africa served as the standard reference work on the subject for decades. His political commitments and specialized knowledge of North Africa contributed to his place on the Popular Front's Haut Comité méditerranéen et de l'Afrique du Nord from 1936 to 1939 and election to the Council of the French Union from 1946-1958.Charles-André Julien taught at the Mohammed V University of Rabat and the Sorbonne of Paris. He was also a regular columnist at the French daily "Le Monde".
|
[
"Lycée Montaigne",
"Lycée Janson-de-Sailly"
] |
|
Which position did Erik Ullenhag hold in Apr, 2004?
|
April 06, 2004
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the Committee on the Labour Market"
]
}
|
L2_Q4588714_P39_0
|
Erik Ullenhag holds the position of Minister for Integration from Oct, 2010 to Oct, 2014.
Erik Ullenhag holds the position of member of the Swedish Riksdag from Oct, 2014 to Aug, 2016.
Erik Ullenhag holds the position of Member of the Committee on the Labour Market from Oct, 2002 to Sep, 2004.
Erik Ullenhag holds the position of Member of the Committee on Health and Welfare from Sep, 2004 to Oct, 2006.
Erik Ullenhag holds the position of member of the Committee on Finance from Oct, 2014 to Jun, 2016.
|
Erik UllenhagErik Jörgen Carl Ullenhag (born 20 July 1972, in Uppsala) is a Swedish politician who served as Minister for Integration from October 2010 to October 2014 and as leader of the Liberal People's Party in the Swedish Riksdag from October 2014 to June 2016. He took office as on 1 September 2016.He previously served as Minister for Integration in the Swedish Government from 2010 to 2014. A member of the Liberal People's Party, now the Liberals, he was a member of parliament for Uppsala County from 2002 to 2006, from 2009 to 2010 and again from 2014. He is also second vice chairman of the Liberal People's Party since 2010.Ullenhag was chairman for the Liberal Youth of Sweden between 1997 and 1999 and a member of the Riksdag between 2002 and 2006, and again from 2009 to 2010. He was party secretary for the Liberal People's Party between 2006 and 2010.Erik Ullenhag is the son of Jörgen Ullenhag.
|
[
"member of the Swedish Riksdag",
"Member of the Committee on Health and Welfare",
"Minister for Integration",
"member of the Committee on Finance"
] |
|
Which position did Erik Ullenhag hold in Jul, 2005?
|
July 06, 2005
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the Committee on Health and Welfare"
]
}
|
L2_Q4588714_P39_1
|
Erik Ullenhag holds the position of Member of the Committee on the Labour Market from Oct, 2002 to Sep, 2004.
Erik Ullenhag holds the position of Member of the Committee on Health and Welfare from Sep, 2004 to Oct, 2006.
Erik Ullenhag holds the position of Minister for Integration from Oct, 2010 to Oct, 2014.
Erik Ullenhag holds the position of member of the Committee on Finance from Oct, 2014 to Jun, 2016.
Erik Ullenhag holds the position of member of the Swedish Riksdag from Oct, 2014 to Aug, 2016.
|
Erik UllenhagErik Jörgen Carl Ullenhag (born 20 July 1972, in Uppsala) is a Swedish politician who served as Minister for Integration from October 2010 to October 2014 and as leader of the Liberal People's Party in the Swedish Riksdag from October 2014 to June 2016. He took office as on 1 September 2016.He previously served as Minister for Integration in the Swedish Government from 2010 to 2014. A member of the Liberal People's Party, now the Liberals, he was a member of parliament for Uppsala County from 2002 to 2006, from 2009 to 2010 and again from 2014. He is also second vice chairman of the Liberal People's Party since 2010.Ullenhag was chairman for the Liberal Youth of Sweden between 1997 and 1999 and a member of the Riksdag between 2002 and 2006, and again from 2009 to 2010. He was party secretary for the Liberal People's Party between 2006 and 2010.Erik Ullenhag is the son of Jörgen Ullenhag.
|
[
"member of the Swedish Riksdag",
"member of the Committee on Finance",
"Member of the Committee on the Labour Market",
"Minister for Integration"
] |
|
Which position did Erik Ullenhag hold in Oct, 2011?
|
October 24, 2011
|
{
"text": [
"Minister for Integration"
]
}
|
L2_Q4588714_P39_2
|
Erik Ullenhag holds the position of Member of the Committee on the Labour Market from Oct, 2002 to Sep, 2004.
Erik Ullenhag holds the position of Member of the Committee on Health and Welfare from Sep, 2004 to Oct, 2006.
Erik Ullenhag holds the position of Minister for Integration from Oct, 2010 to Oct, 2014.
Erik Ullenhag holds the position of member of the Committee on Finance from Oct, 2014 to Jun, 2016.
Erik Ullenhag holds the position of member of the Swedish Riksdag from Oct, 2014 to Aug, 2016.
|
Erik UllenhagErik Jörgen Carl Ullenhag (born 20 July 1972, in Uppsala) is a Swedish politician who served as Minister for Integration from October 2010 to October 2014 and as leader of the Liberal People's Party in the Swedish Riksdag from October 2014 to June 2016. He took office as on 1 September 2016.He previously served as Minister for Integration in the Swedish Government from 2010 to 2014. A member of the Liberal People's Party, now the Liberals, he was a member of parliament for Uppsala County from 2002 to 2006, from 2009 to 2010 and again from 2014. He is also second vice chairman of the Liberal People's Party since 2010.Ullenhag was chairman for the Liberal Youth of Sweden between 1997 and 1999 and a member of the Riksdag between 2002 and 2006, and again from 2009 to 2010. He was party secretary for the Liberal People's Party between 2006 and 2010.Erik Ullenhag is the son of Jörgen Ullenhag.
|
[
"member of the Swedish Riksdag",
"Member of the Committee on Health and Welfare",
"Member of the Committee on the Labour Market",
"member of the Committee on Finance"
] |
|
Which position did Erik Ullenhag hold in May, 2015?
|
May 03, 2015
|
{
"text": [
"member of the Swedish Riksdag",
"member of the Committee on Finance"
]
}
|
L2_Q4588714_P39_3
|
Erik Ullenhag holds the position of Minister for Integration from Oct, 2010 to Oct, 2014.
Erik Ullenhag holds the position of Member of the Committee on the Labour Market from Oct, 2002 to Sep, 2004.
Erik Ullenhag holds the position of member of the Swedish Riksdag from Oct, 2014 to Aug, 2016.
Erik Ullenhag holds the position of Member of the Committee on Health and Welfare from Sep, 2004 to Oct, 2006.
Erik Ullenhag holds the position of member of the Committee on Finance from Oct, 2014 to Jun, 2016.
|
Erik UllenhagErik Jörgen Carl Ullenhag (born 20 July 1972, in Uppsala) is a Swedish politician who served as Minister for Integration from October 2010 to October 2014 and as leader of the Liberal People's Party in the Swedish Riksdag from October 2014 to June 2016. He took office as on 1 September 2016.He previously served as Minister for Integration in the Swedish Government from 2010 to 2014. A member of the Liberal People's Party, now the Liberals, he was a member of parliament for Uppsala County from 2002 to 2006, from 2009 to 2010 and again from 2014. He is also second vice chairman of the Liberal People's Party since 2010.Ullenhag was chairman for the Liberal Youth of Sweden between 1997 and 1999 and a member of the Riksdag between 2002 and 2006, and again from 2009 to 2010. He was party secretary for the Liberal People's Party between 2006 and 2010.Erik Ullenhag is the son of Jörgen Ullenhag.
|
[
"Member of the Committee on Health and Welfare",
"Member of the Committee on the Labour Market",
"Minister for Integration"
] |
|
Which position did Erik Ullenhag hold in Apr, 2015?
|
April 28, 2015
|
{
"text": [
"member of the Swedish Riksdag",
"member of the Committee on Finance"
]
}
|
L2_Q4588714_P39_4
|
Erik Ullenhag holds the position of member of the Swedish Riksdag from Oct, 2014 to Aug, 2016.
Erik Ullenhag holds the position of member of the Committee on Finance from Oct, 2014 to Jun, 2016.
Erik Ullenhag holds the position of Minister for Integration from Oct, 2010 to Oct, 2014.
Erik Ullenhag holds the position of Member of the Committee on the Labour Market from Oct, 2002 to Sep, 2004.
Erik Ullenhag holds the position of Member of the Committee on Health and Welfare from Sep, 2004 to Oct, 2006.
|
Erik UllenhagErik Jörgen Carl Ullenhag (born 20 July 1972, in Uppsala) is a Swedish politician who served as Minister for Integration from October 2010 to October 2014 and as leader of the Liberal People's Party in the Swedish Riksdag from October 2014 to June 2016. He took office as on 1 September 2016.He previously served as Minister for Integration in the Swedish Government from 2010 to 2014. A member of the Liberal People's Party, now the Liberals, he was a member of parliament for Uppsala County from 2002 to 2006, from 2009 to 2010 and again from 2014. He is also second vice chairman of the Liberal People's Party since 2010.Ullenhag was chairman for the Liberal Youth of Sweden between 1997 and 1999 and a member of the Riksdag between 2002 and 2006, and again from 2009 to 2010. He was party secretary for the Liberal People's Party between 2006 and 2010.Erik Ullenhag is the son of Jörgen Ullenhag.
|
[
"Member of the Committee on Health and Welfare",
"Member of the Committee on the Labour Market",
"Minister for Integration"
] |
|
Where was Marian Pepler educated in Oct, 1922?
|
October 17, 1922
|
{
"text": [
"Croydon College"
]
}
|
L2_Q18954442_P69_0
|
Marian Pepler attended Architectural Association School of Architecture from Jan, 1924 to Jan, 1929.
Marian Pepler attended Croydon College from Jan, 1922 to Jan, 1923.
Marian Pepler attended Froebel College from Jan, 1923 to Jan, 1924.
|
Marian PeplerMarian Pepler (24 August 1904 – 13 October 1997) was a British architect and textile designer. She specialized in carpet and rug designs producing over 90, often individually named, designs. She was an associate member of Royal Institute of British Architects, she held an Architectural Association diploma and featured on the National Register of Industrial Designers.Pepler was born in Sanderstead, Surrey, England, the daughter of the architect and subsequently town planner George Lionel (later Sir George) and Amy Pepler. She was also the niece of (Douglas) Hilary Pepler, the founder of the Ditchling Press.The family lived in Surrey, and spent their holidays near Lulworth Cove in Dorset. Marian's background was a liberal one: it must have instilled in her a broad, even social sense of the importance of design, and the love of the country which is reflected in the natural earth colours of her rugs.Marian attended Croydon School of Art from 1922–1923, then the Froebel Institute in Roehampton for a year of teacher training, and finally, in 1924, entered the Architectural Association schools in Bedford Square, at her father's suggestion, to learn model-making. Instead she became so interested that she stayed on to qualify as an architect.On qualifying, in 1929, Marian was one of the few women of the minority that were at the Architectural Association to decide that she wanted strongly to work and design.In 1930, Marian enrolled on a short course at the London School of Weaving, at Bryanston Street, Mable Arch, where she learned to make a warp, set up a loom, and weave a rug.In 1930, Marian designed her first rug, Snowshill, a design of interlocking rectangles crossed by parallel lines of dots and crosses. Colour was also extremely important to her. Marian describes colour as more than half the design, and visited the various firms who made her rugs to make sure they had matched the dyes exactly.The British carpet industry in the 1930s was in an extremely sluggish state, producing, because they could be sure of sales, designs that were either reproductions of Oriental carpets, or else the clichéd jazz patterns of what Pevsner called a deplorably mis-understood Continental cubism. The three firms who wove Marian's rugs were exceptions in an industry that was rarely prepared to take risks.During the 1930s, Marian worked for Wilton Royal in two ways. Usually they paid her a royalty for each rug sold, and she retained the copyright. Such rugs were made on the whole, exclusively for Gordon Russell Ltd. Occasionally, however, she would sell copyright to Wilton Royal, receiving no royalty.The Russell company used many of her designs in their interiors over the years and for a short period from 1933 to 1935 she acted as a buyer for the firm's London shop at 28 Wigmore Street, quickly expanding her role to include Broadway as well. While she was mainly occupied with acquiring fabrics she also moved into other components of the interior including ceramics and glass. When illness forced her to abandon this role she was superseded by the architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner, who later described her work as possessing ‘a sensitivity and a quiet perfection not surpassed anywhere in Europe’ (The Independent, 25 Oct 1997). Pepler then became a consultant for the Gordon Russell firm, advising on furnishings and, in particular, colour. It was a role which she undertook again for her husband's practice after the war.Pepler's rugs were all characterized by soft, earthy colours and simple, abstract decoration. She used mostly fawns and browns in the early 1930s but moved to include blue, green, and yellow a little later. Aquamarine, a rug of 1932, for example, had wavy lines and circles on its surface and it combined aquamarine, yellow, raisin brown, and natural in its subtle colour scheme. Throughout her career she was inevitably compared with the more flamboyant rug designer Marian Dorn, but Pepler's main purpose in designing a rug was to use it to bring together all the elements of the room and, for her, restrained colours did this more effectively. Her approach emanated from her training in architecture. In 1947 Pepler was elected a fellow of the Society of Industrial Artists, recognition that she had reached the peak of her profession. She continued to design, concentrating more and more on carpets. Post-war work of note includes rugs for the interior of the Oriana, produced in the mid-1950s.The designs of Russell and Pepler shared a common goal and achieved the same standards although, as with so many designer couples, the work of the former is much more widely recognized. The consistently high quality of her work which came through at an exhibition of their work which was held at the Geffrye Museum in 1983 surprised many people who had not realized her full artistic capacity, however. They both played a key role in formulating a peculiarly British brand of modernism in the middle years of the century and in ensuring that with the enthusiasm for all things new the past was not entirely forgotten.Marian met her husband R D Russell at the Architectural Association Schools where they both studied architecture. They got married on 1 December 1933. They moved to London, where they lived in Hanover Terrace Mews.Marian Pepler died on 13 October 1997 at Eynsham, Oxfordshire.
|
[
"Froebel College",
"Architectural Association School of Architecture"
] |
|
Where was Marian Pepler educated in Jan, 1923?
|
January 23, 1923
|
{
"text": [
"Froebel College",
"Croydon College"
]
}
|
L2_Q18954442_P69_1
|
Marian Pepler attended Froebel College from Jan, 1923 to Jan, 1924.
Marian Pepler attended Croydon College from Jan, 1922 to Jan, 1923.
Marian Pepler attended Architectural Association School of Architecture from Jan, 1924 to Jan, 1929.
|
Marian PeplerMarian Pepler (24 August 1904 – 13 October 1997) was a British architect and textile designer. She specialized in carpet and rug designs producing over 90, often individually named, designs. She was an associate member of Royal Institute of British Architects, she held an Architectural Association diploma and featured on the National Register of Industrial Designers.Pepler was born in Sanderstead, Surrey, England, the daughter of the architect and subsequently town planner George Lionel (later Sir George) and Amy Pepler. She was also the niece of (Douglas) Hilary Pepler, the founder of the Ditchling Press.The family lived in Surrey, and spent their holidays near Lulworth Cove in Dorset. Marian's background was a liberal one: it must have instilled in her a broad, even social sense of the importance of design, and the love of the country which is reflected in the natural earth colours of her rugs.Marian attended Croydon School of Art from 1922–1923, then the Froebel Institute in Roehampton for a year of teacher training, and finally, in 1924, entered the Architectural Association schools in Bedford Square, at her father's suggestion, to learn model-making. Instead she became so interested that she stayed on to qualify as an architect.On qualifying, in 1929, Marian was one of the few women of the minority that were at the Architectural Association to decide that she wanted strongly to work and design.In 1930, Marian enrolled on a short course at the London School of Weaving, at Bryanston Street, Mable Arch, where she learned to make a warp, set up a loom, and weave a rug.In 1930, Marian designed her first rug, Snowshill, a design of interlocking rectangles crossed by parallel lines of dots and crosses. Colour was also extremely important to her. Marian describes colour as more than half the design, and visited the various firms who made her rugs to make sure they had matched the dyes exactly.The British carpet industry in the 1930s was in an extremely sluggish state, producing, because they could be sure of sales, designs that were either reproductions of Oriental carpets, or else the clichéd jazz patterns of what Pevsner called a deplorably mis-understood Continental cubism. The three firms who wove Marian's rugs were exceptions in an industry that was rarely prepared to take risks.During the 1930s, Marian worked for Wilton Royal in two ways. Usually they paid her a royalty for each rug sold, and she retained the copyright. Such rugs were made on the whole, exclusively for Gordon Russell Ltd. Occasionally, however, she would sell copyright to Wilton Royal, receiving no royalty.The Russell company used many of her designs in their interiors over the years and for a short period from 1933 to 1935 she acted as a buyer for the firm's London shop at 28 Wigmore Street, quickly expanding her role to include Broadway as well. While she was mainly occupied with acquiring fabrics she also moved into other components of the interior including ceramics and glass. When illness forced her to abandon this role she was superseded by the architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner, who later described her work as possessing ‘a sensitivity and a quiet perfection not surpassed anywhere in Europe’ (The Independent, 25 Oct 1997). Pepler then became a consultant for the Gordon Russell firm, advising on furnishings and, in particular, colour. It was a role which she undertook again for her husband's practice after the war.Pepler's rugs were all characterized by soft, earthy colours and simple, abstract decoration. She used mostly fawns and browns in the early 1930s but moved to include blue, green, and yellow a little later. Aquamarine, a rug of 1932, for example, had wavy lines and circles on its surface and it combined aquamarine, yellow, raisin brown, and natural in its subtle colour scheme. Throughout her career she was inevitably compared with the more flamboyant rug designer Marian Dorn, but Pepler's main purpose in designing a rug was to use it to bring together all the elements of the room and, for her, restrained colours did this more effectively. Her approach emanated from her training in architecture. In 1947 Pepler was elected a fellow of the Society of Industrial Artists, recognition that she had reached the peak of her profession. She continued to design, concentrating more and more on carpets. Post-war work of note includes rugs for the interior of the Oriana, produced in the mid-1950s.The designs of Russell and Pepler shared a common goal and achieved the same standards although, as with so many designer couples, the work of the former is much more widely recognized. The consistently high quality of her work which came through at an exhibition of their work which was held at the Geffrye Museum in 1983 surprised many people who had not realized her full artistic capacity, however. They both played a key role in formulating a peculiarly British brand of modernism in the middle years of the century and in ensuring that with the enthusiasm for all things new the past was not entirely forgotten.Marian met her husband R D Russell at the Architectural Association Schools where they both studied architecture. They got married on 1 December 1933. They moved to London, where they lived in Hanover Terrace Mews.Marian Pepler died on 13 October 1997 at Eynsham, Oxfordshire.
|
[
"Croydon College",
"Architectural Association School of Architecture",
"Architectural Association School of Architecture"
] |
|
Where was Marian Pepler educated in May, 1927?
|
May 20, 1927
|
{
"text": [
"Architectural Association School of Architecture"
]
}
|
L2_Q18954442_P69_2
|
Marian Pepler attended Architectural Association School of Architecture from Jan, 1924 to Jan, 1929.
Marian Pepler attended Froebel College from Jan, 1923 to Jan, 1924.
Marian Pepler attended Croydon College from Jan, 1922 to Jan, 1923.
|
Marian PeplerMarian Pepler (24 August 1904 – 13 October 1997) was a British architect and textile designer. She specialized in carpet and rug designs producing over 90, often individually named, designs. She was an associate member of Royal Institute of British Architects, she held an Architectural Association diploma and featured on the National Register of Industrial Designers.Pepler was born in Sanderstead, Surrey, England, the daughter of the architect and subsequently town planner George Lionel (later Sir George) and Amy Pepler. She was also the niece of (Douglas) Hilary Pepler, the founder of the Ditchling Press.The family lived in Surrey, and spent their holidays near Lulworth Cove in Dorset. Marian's background was a liberal one: it must have instilled in her a broad, even social sense of the importance of design, and the love of the country which is reflected in the natural earth colours of her rugs.Marian attended Croydon School of Art from 1922–1923, then the Froebel Institute in Roehampton for a year of teacher training, and finally, in 1924, entered the Architectural Association schools in Bedford Square, at her father's suggestion, to learn model-making. Instead she became so interested that she stayed on to qualify as an architect.On qualifying, in 1929, Marian was one of the few women of the minority that were at the Architectural Association to decide that she wanted strongly to work and design.In 1930, Marian enrolled on a short course at the London School of Weaving, at Bryanston Street, Mable Arch, where she learned to make a warp, set up a loom, and weave a rug.In 1930, Marian designed her first rug, Snowshill, a design of interlocking rectangles crossed by parallel lines of dots and crosses. Colour was also extremely important to her. Marian describes colour as more than half the design, and visited the various firms who made her rugs to make sure they had matched the dyes exactly.The British carpet industry in the 1930s was in an extremely sluggish state, producing, because they could be sure of sales, designs that were either reproductions of Oriental carpets, or else the clichéd jazz patterns of what Pevsner called a deplorably mis-understood Continental cubism. The three firms who wove Marian's rugs were exceptions in an industry that was rarely prepared to take risks.During the 1930s, Marian worked for Wilton Royal in two ways. Usually they paid her a royalty for each rug sold, and she retained the copyright. Such rugs were made on the whole, exclusively for Gordon Russell Ltd. Occasionally, however, she would sell copyright to Wilton Royal, receiving no royalty.The Russell company used many of her designs in their interiors over the years and for a short period from 1933 to 1935 she acted as a buyer for the firm's London shop at 28 Wigmore Street, quickly expanding her role to include Broadway as well. While she was mainly occupied with acquiring fabrics she also moved into other components of the interior including ceramics and glass. When illness forced her to abandon this role she was superseded by the architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner, who later described her work as possessing ‘a sensitivity and a quiet perfection not surpassed anywhere in Europe’ (The Independent, 25 Oct 1997). Pepler then became a consultant for the Gordon Russell firm, advising on furnishings and, in particular, colour. It was a role which she undertook again for her husband's practice after the war.Pepler's rugs were all characterized by soft, earthy colours and simple, abstract decoration. She used mostly fawns and browns in the early 1930s but moved to include blue, green, and yellow a little later. Aquamarine, a rug of 1932, for example, had wavy lines and circles on its surface and it combined aquamarine, yellow, raisin brown, and natural in its subtle colour scheme. Throughout her career she was inevitably compared with the more flamboyant rug designer Marian Dorn, but Pepler's main purpose in designing a rug was to use it to bring together all the elements of the room and, for her, restrained colours did this more effectively. Her approach emanated from her training in architecture. In 1947 Pepler was elected a fellow of the Society of Industrial Artists, recognition that she had reached the peak of her profession. She continued to design, concentrating more and more on carpets. Post-war work of note includes rugs for the interior of the Oriana, produced in the mid-1950s.The designs of Russell and Pepler shared a common goal and achieved the same standards although, as with so many designer couples, the work of the former is much more widely recognized. The consistently high quality of her work which came through at an exhibition of their work which was held at the Geffrye Museum in 1983 surprised many people who had not realized her full artistic capacity, however. They both played a key role in formulating a peculiarly British brand of modernism in the middle years of the century and in ensuring that with the enthusiasm for all things new the past was not entirely forgotten.Marian met her husband R D Russell at the Architectural Association Schools where they both studied architecture. They got married on 1 December 1933. They moved to London, where they lived in Hanover Terrace Mews.Marian Pepler died on 13 October 1997 at Eynsham, Oxfordshire.
|
[
"Froebel College",
"Croydon College"
] |
|
Which employer did Nancy E. Gwinn work for in May, 1971?
|
May 01, 1971
|
{
"text": [
"Library of Congress"
]
}
|
L2_Q59777034_P108_0
|
Nancy E. Gwinn works for Smithsonian Institution Libraries from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 2020.
Nancy E. Gwinn works for Library of Congress from Jan, 1969 to Jan, 1975.
Nancy E. Gwinn works for Research Libraries Group from Jan, 1980 to Jan, 1984.
Nancy E. Gwinn works for Council on Library and Information Resources from Jan, 1975 to Jan, 1980.
|
Nancy E. GwinnNancy E. Gwinn (born August 19, 1945) is an American librarian and administrator. She was the director of the Smithsonian Libraries, the world's largest museum library system, from 1997 until her retirement in 2020.Nancy Gwinn was born in Sheridan, Wyoming on August 19, 1945. She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1967 from the University of Wyoming; after graduating, she attended the University of Oxford on a Fulbright scholarship. She went on to earn a Master of Library Science at the University of Michigan School of Library Science in 1969, and a Ph.D. in American civilization from George Washington University in 1996.Gwinn started her library career in 1969 working as a reference librarian at the Library of Congress. From 1975 to 1980, she worked at the Council on Library and Information Resources, and in 1980 she became the associate director and program coordinator at the Research Library Group, where she was instrumental in founding the RLG Preservation Program, developing a model for libraries to collaborate on preservation microfilming.Gwinn joined the Smithsonian Institution Libraries as the assistant director for library collections management in 1984. Since 1997 she has been the director of the Smithsonian Libraries, where she leads 130 research and curatorial staff in preserving cultural history. During her tenure, Gwinn has expanded outreach, bolstered the Libraries' rare book and electronic collections, and created the first Libraries Advisory Board to assist with fundraising. Under her leadership, the Smithsonian Libraries initiated and became the lead partner in establishing the Biodiversity Heritage Library, an international consortium of natural history and botanical libraries dedicated to digitizing and providing open access to works from their collections. Gwinn served as chair of the Biodiversity Heritage Library Members Council from 2011 to 2017.Gwinn has held a number of leadership roles in library organizations, including serving as president of the District of Columbia Library Association from 1979 to 1980, chairing the Association of Research Libraries Committee on Preservation of Library Material, and serving as secretary of the Standing Committee on Preservation and Conservation of the International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA). She has also served as a member of the IFLA Governing Board from 2004 to 2009 and as chair of its Professional Committee from 2007 to 2009.Gwinn is the author of several books on library and historical subjects, including "Preservation Microfilming: A Guide for Librarians and Archivists"; the Society of American Archivists awarded her the 1988 Waldo Gifford Leland Award for that book.In 2012 Gwinn was awarded the Ainsworth Rand Spofford President's Award by the District of Columbia Library Association, in recognition of "outstanding contributions to the development or improvement of library and information services".The University of Wyoming awarded her an honorary doctorate degree in 2013.Since 2003 Gwinn and her husband, Library of Congress Historian John Y. Cole, have maintained endowments to support the internships of library and information science students at the Smithsonian Libraries and at the University of Michigan School of Information. They also fund an endowment for supporting the operations of the technical services of the University of Wyoming Libraries.
|
[
"Research Libraries Group",
"Smithsonian Institution Libraries",
"Council on Library and Information Resources"
] |
|
Which employer did Nancy E. Gwinn work for in Feb, 1975?
|
February 24, 1975
|
{
"text": [
"Council on Library and Information Resources"
]
}
|
L2_Q59777034_P108_1
|
Nancy E. Gwinn works for Library of Congress from Jan, 1969 to Jan, 1975.
Nancy E. Gwinn works for Council on Library and Information Resources from Jan, 1975 to Jan, 1980.
Nancy E. Gwinn works for Research Libraries Group from Jan, 1980 to Jan, 1984.
Nancy E. Gwinn works for Smithsonian Institution Libraries from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 2020.
|
Nancy E. GwinnNancy E. Gwinn (born August 19, 1945) is an American librarian and administrator. She was the director of the Smithsonian Libraries, the world's largest museum library system, from 1997 until her retirement in 2020.Nancy Gwinn was born in Sheridan, Wyoming on August 19, 1945. She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1967 from the University of Wyoming; after graduating, she attended the University of Oxford on a Fulbright scholarship. She went on to earn a Master of Library Science at the University of Michigan School of Library Science in 1969, and a Ph.D. in American civilization from George Washington University in 1996.Gwinn started her library career in 1969 working as a reference librarian at the Library of Congress. From 1975 to 1980, she worked at the Council on Library and Information Resources, and in 1980 she became the associate director and program coordinator at the Research Library Group, where she was instrumental in founding the RLG Preservation Program, developing a model for libraries to collaborate on preservation microfilming.Gwinn joined the Smithsonian Institution Libraries as the assistant director for library collections management in 1984. Since 1997 she has been the director of the Smithsonian Libraries, where she leads 130 research and curatorial staff in preserving cultural history. During her tenure, Gwinn has expanded outreach, bolstered the Libraries' rare book and electronic collections, and created the first Libraries Advisory Board to assist with fundraising. Under her leadership, the Smithsonian Libraries initiated and became the lead partner in establishing the Biodiversity Heritage Library, an international consortium of natural history and botanical libraries dedicated to digitizing and providing open access to works from their collections. Gwinn served as chair of the Biodiversity Heritage Library Members Council from 2011 to 2017.Gwinn has held a number of leadership roles in library organizations, including serving as president of the District of Columbia Library Association from 1979 to 1980, chairing the Association of Research Libraries Committee on Preservation of Library Material, and serving as secretary of the Standing Committee on Preservation and Conservation of the International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA). She has also served as a member of the IFLA Governing Board from 2004 to 2009 and as chair of its Professional Committee from 2007 to 2009.Gwinn is the author of several books on library and historical subjects, including "Preservation Microfilming: A Guide for Librarians and Archivists"; the Society of American Archivists awarded her the 1988 Waldo Gifford Leland Award for that book.In 2012 Gwinn was awarded the Ainsworth Rand Spofford President's Award by the District of Columbia Library Association, in recognition of "outstanding contributions to the development or improvement of library and information services".The University of Wyoming awarded her an honorary doctorate degree in 2013.Since 2003 Gwinn and her husband, Library of Congress Historian John Y. Cole, have maintained endowments to support the internships of library and information science students at the Smithsonian Libraries and at the University of Michigan School of Information. They also fund an endowment for supporting the operations of the technical services of the University of Wyoming Libraries.
|
[
"Research Libraries Group",
"Smithsonian Institution Libraries",
"Library of Congress"
] |
|
Which employer did Nancy E. Gwinn work for in Nov, 1981?
|
November 12, 1981
|
{
"text": [
"Research Libraries Group"
]
}
|
L2_Q59777034_P108_2
|
Nancy E. Gwinn works for Smithsonian Institution Libraries from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 2020.
Nancy E. Gwinn works for Research Libraries Group from Jan, 1980 to Jan, 1984.
Nancy E. Gwinn works for Council on Library and Information Resources from Jan, 1975 to Jan, 1980.
Nancy E. Gwinn works for Library of Congress from Jan, 1969 to Jan, 1975.
|
Nancy E. GwinnNancy E. Gwinn (born August 19, 1945) is an American librarian and administrator. She was the director of the Smithsonian Libraries, the world's largest museum library system, from 1997 until her retirement in 2020.Nancy Gwinn was born in Sheridan, Wyoming on August 19, 1945. She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1967 from the University of Wyoming; after graduating, she attended the University of Oxford on a Fulbright scholarship. She went on to earn a Master of Library Science at the University of Michigan School of Library Science in 1969, and a Ph.D. in American civilization from George Washington University in 1996.Gwinn started her library career in 1969 working as a reference librarian at the Library of Congress. From 1975 to 1980, she worked at the Council on Library and Information Resources, and in 1980 she became the associate director and program coordinator at the Research Library Group, where she was instrumental in founding the RLG Preservation Program, developing a model for libraries to collaborate on preservation microfilming.Gwinn joined the Smithsonian Institution Libraries as the assistant director for library collections management in 1984. Since 1997 she has been the director of the Smithsonian Libraries, where she leads 130 research and curatorial staff in preserving cultural history. During her tenure, Gwinn has expanded outreach, bolstered the Libraries' rare book and electronic collections, and created the first Libraries Advisory Board to assist with fundraising. Under her leadership, the Smithsonian Libraries initiated and became the lead partner in establishing the Biodiversity Heritage Library, an international consortium of natural history and botanical libraries dedicated to digitizing and providing open access to works from their collections. Gwinn served as chair of the Biodiversity Heritage Library Members Council from 2011 to 2017.Gwinn has held a number of leadership roles in library organizations, including serving as president of the District of Columbia Library Association from 1979 to 1980, chairing the Association of Research Libraries Committee on Preservation of Library Material, and serving as secretary of the Standing Committee on Preservation and Conservation of the International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA). She has also served as a member of the IFLA Governing Board from 2004 to 2009 and as chair of its Professional Committee from 2007 to 2009.Gwinn is the author of several books on library and historical subjects, including "Preservation Microfilming: A Guide for Librarians and Archivists"; the Society of American Archivists awarded her the 1988 Waldo Gifford Leland Award for that book.In 2012 Gwinn was awarded the Ainsworth Rand Spofford President's Award by the District of Columbia Library Association, in recognition of "outstanding contributions to the development or improvement of library and information services".The University of Wyoming awarded her an honorary doctorate degree in 2013.Since 2003 Gwinn and her husband, Library of Congress Historian John Y. Cole, have maintained endowments to support the internships of library and information science students at the Smithsonian Libraries and at the University of Michigan School of Information. They also fund an endowment for supporting the operations of the technical services of the University of Wyoming Libraries.
|
[
"Smithsonian Institution Libraries",
"Library of Congress",
"Council on Library and Information Resources"
] |
|
Which employer did Nancy E. Gwinn work for in Apr, 2017?
|
April 28, 2017
|
{
"text": [
"Smithsonian Institution Libraries"
]
}
|
L2_Q59777034_P108_3
|
Nancy E. Gwinn works for Library of Congress from Jan, 1969 to Jan, 1975.
Nancy E. Gwinn works for Research Libraries Group from Jan, 1980 to Jan, 1984.
Nancy E. Gwinn works for Council on Library and Information Resources from Jan, 1975 to Jan, 1980.
Nancy E. Gwinn works for Smithsonian Institution Libraries from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 2020.
|
Nancy E. GwinnNancy E. Gwinn (born August 19, 1945) is an American librarian and administrator. She was the director of the Smithsonian Libraries, the world's largest museum library system, from 1997 until her retirement in 2020.Nancy Gwinn was born in Sheridan, Wyoming on August 19, 1945. She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1967 from the University of Wyoming; after graduating, she attended the University of Oxford on a Fulbright scholarship. She went on to earn a Master of Library Science at the University of Michigan School of Library Science in 1969, and a Ph.D. in American civilization from George Washington University in 1996.Gwinn started her library career in 1969 working as a reference librarian at the Library of Congress. From 1975 to 1980, she worked at the Council on Library and Information Resources, and in 1980 she became the associate director and program coordinator at the Research Library Group, where she was instrumental in founding the RLG Preservation Program, developing a model for libraries to collaborate on preservation microfilming.Gwinn joined the Smithsonian Institution Libraries as the assistant director for library collections management in 1984. Since 1997 she has been the director of the Smithsonian Libraries, where she leads 130 research and curatorial staff in preserving cultural history. During her tenure, Gwinn has expanded outreach, bolstered the Libraries' rare book and electronic collections, and created the first Libraries Advisory Board to assist with fundraising. Under her leadership, the Smithsonian Libraries initiated and became the lead partner in establishing the Biodiversity Heritage Library, an international consortium of natural history and botanical libraries dedicated to digitizing and providing open access to works from their collections. Gwinn served as chair of the Biodiversity Heritage Library Members Council from 2011 to 2017.Gwinn has held a number of leadership roles in library organizations, including serving as president of the District of Columbia Library Association from 1979 to 1980, chairing the Association of Research Libraries Committee on Preservation of Library Material, and serving as secretary of the Standing Committee on Preservation and Conservation of the International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA). She has also served as a member of the IFLA Governing Board from 2004 to 2009 and as chair of its Professional Committee from 2007 to 2009.Gwinn is the author of several books on library and historical subjects, including "Preservation Microfilming: A Guide for Librarians and Archivists"; the Society of American Archivists awarded her the 1988 Waldo Gifford Leland Award for that book.In 2012 Gwinn was awarded the Ainsworth Rand Spofford President's Award by the District of Columbia Library Association, in recognition of "outstanding contributions to the development or improvement of library and information services".The University of Wyoming awarded her an honorary doctorate degree in 2013.Since 2003 Gwinn and her husband, Library of Congress Historian John Y. Cole, have maintained endowments to support the internships of library and information science students at the Smithsonian Libraries and at the University of Michigan School of Information. They also fund an endowment for supporting the operations of the technical services of the University of Wyoming Libraries.
|
[
"Research Libraries Group",
"Library of Congress",
"Council on Library and Information Resources"
] |
|
Which employer did Carlo Cottarelli work for in Jul, 1982?
|
July 22, 1982
|
{
"text": [
"Bank of Italy"
]
}
|
L2_Q16536907_P108_0
|
Carlo Cottarelli works for Eni from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1988.
Carlo Cottarelli works for Bank of Italy from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1987.
Carlo Cottarelli works for International Monetary Fund from Jan, 1988 to Jan, 2013.
|
Carlo CottarelliCarlo Cottarelli (; born 18 August 1954) is an Italian economist and former director of the International Monetary Fund. On 28 May 2018 he was designated Prime Minister of Italy by President Sergio Mattarella, to lead a caretaker government that would bring Italy toward new elections. However, after few days, the Five Star Movement and the League reached an agreement and a new government, led by Giuseppe Conte, was formed.Carlo Cottarelli was born in Cremona, Lombardy, in 1954. He graduated in Economics and Banking at the University of Siena and received a master's degree in Economics at the London School of Economics. From 1981 to 1987, he worked in the Research Department of the Bank of Italy and in Eni from 1987 to 1988.Starting in September 1988 he began working for the International Monetary Fund, in which he was part of several departments: the European Department (of which he was Senior Advisor responsible for supervising the IMF's activities in a dozen countries), the Monetary and Capital Markets Department, the Strategy, Policy, and Review Department (of which he was vice president too) and From November 2008 to 2013 he was appointed Director of the Fiscal Affairs Department of the IMF. He was also responsible for the development and publication of Fiscal Monitor, one of the three semi-annual publications on economic developments in various economic sectors. He later returned to the IMF to serve as Executive Director for Italy and a group of other countries including Greece. During this period, Cottarelli wrote several essays on fiscal and policy, fiscal institutions.In November 2013 he was appointed by the government of Enrico Letta, Extraordinary Commissioner for the Spending Review. The tasks of the Extraordinary Commissioner regarded the expenses of public administrations, public utilities, as well as of the companies controlled directly or indirectly by public administrations that do not issue financial instruments listed on regulated markets. This office gave him the nickname "Mr. Spending Review", with which he became quite known in Italy. He was also known by the press as "Mr. Scissors," due to his frequent habit of cutting public spending, while serving as an official in the IMF.On 1 November 2014, he was appointed, by the cabinet of Matteo Renzi, Executive Director of the International Monetary Fund Board. For this reason, on October 30, 2014, he left the commission of expenditure's review. In an interview released shortly before the term of the office, he spoke of the faced difficulties relating to the political and the bureaucratic system.From 30 October 2017 he is the Director of the Observatory on the Italian Public Accounts (CPI) of the Catholic University of Milan.The March 2018 election resulted in a hung parliament, with no coalitions able to form a majority of seats in both the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic. The election was seen as a backlash against the establishment with the Five Star Movement and the League becoming respectively the first and third largest parties in the Parliament.After weeks of political deadlock, Mattarella gave the private law professor Giuseppe Conte the task of forming a new cabinet at the head of a populist coalition formed by the Five Star Movement and the League, who had reached a substantial agreement on a government agenda. However, on 27 May 2018, Conte renounced the office due to contrasts between the League's leader Matteo Salvini and President Sergio Mattarella. Salvini proposed the university professor Paolo Savona as Minister of Economy and Finances, but Mattarella strongly opposed him, as the media considered Savona too Eurosceptic and anti-German. In his speech after Conte's resignation, Mattarella declared that the two parties wanted to bring Italy out of the Eurozone, and as the guarantor of Italian Constitution and country's interest and stability he could not allow this. On the following day, Mattarella gave Cottarelli the task of forming a new government.In the statement released after the designation, Cottarelli specified that in case of confidence by the Parliament, he would contribute to the approval of the budget law for 2019, then the Parliament would be dissolved and a new general election would be called for the beginning of 2019. In the absence of confidence, the government would deal only with the so-called current affairs and lead the country toward new elections after August 2018. Cottarelli also guaranteed the neutrality of the government and the commitment not to run for the next election. He ensured a prudent management of Italian national debt and the defense of national interests through a constructive dialogue with the European Union. On 28 May 2018, the Democratic Party (PD) announced that it would abstain from voting the confidence to Cottarelli, while the Five Star Movement and the center-right parties Forza Italia (FI), Brothers of Italy (FdI) and the League announced their vote against.Cottarelli was expected to submit his list of ministers for approval to President Mattarella on 29 May. However, on 29 May and 30 May he held only informal consultations with the President. According to the Italian media, he was facing difficulties due to the unwillingness of several potential candidates to serve as ministers in his cabinet and may even renounce. Meanwhile, Matteo Salvini and Luigi Di Maio announced their willingness to restart the negotiations to form a political government, and Giorgia Meloni, leader of FdI, gave her support to the initiative. On 31 May, when M5S and the League declared of having reached an agreement regarding a new cabinet, Cottarelli resigned from his position.Cottarelli married Miria Pigato, an economist and manager of the World Bank Group. Pigato is an expert in the economy of the Sub-Saharan Africa. They have two children. One of his children, Elisa (26 years old) is a supermodel.
|
[
"International Monetary Fund",
"Eni"
] |
|
Which employer did Carlo Cottarelli work for in Jan, 1987?
|
January 15, 1987
|
{
"text": [
"Eni",
"Bank of Italy"
]
}
|
L2_Q16536907_P108_1
|
Carlo Cottarelli works for Bank of Italy from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1987.
Carlo Cottarelli works for International Monetary Fund from Jan, 1988 to Jan, 2013.
Carlo Cottarelli works for Eni from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1988.
|
Carlo CottarelliCarlo Cottarelli (; born 18 August 1954) is an Italian economist and former director of the International Monetary Fund. On 28 May 2018 he was designated Prime Minister of Italy by President Sergio Mattarella, to lead a caretaker government that would bring Italy toward new elections. However, after few days, the Five Star Movement and the League reached an agreement and a new government, led by Giuseppe Conte, was formed.Carlo Cottarelli was born in Cremona, Lombardy, in 1954. He graduated in Economics and Banking at the University of Siena and received a master's degree in Economics at the London School of Economics. From 1981 to 1987, he worked in the Research Department of the Bank of Italy and in Eni from 1987 to 1988.Starting in September 1988 he began working for the International Monetary Fund, in which he was part of several departments: the European Department (of which he was Senior Advisor responsible for supervising the IMF's activities in a dozen countries), the Monetary and Capital Markets Department, the Strategy, Policy, and Review Department (of which he was vice president too) and From November 2008 to 2013 he was appointed Director of the Fiscal Affairs Department of the IMF. He was also responsible for the development and publication of Fiscal Monitor, one of the three semi-annual publications on economic developments in various economic sectors. He later returned to the IMF to serve as Executive Director for Italy and a group of other countries including Greece. During this period, Cottarelli wrote several essays on fiscal and policy, fiscal institutions.In November 2013 he was appointed by the government of Enrico Letta, Extraordinary Commissioner for the Spending Review. The tasks of the Extraordinary Commissioner regarded the expenses of public administrations, public utilities, as well as of the companies controlled directly or indirectly by public administrations that do not issue financial instruments listed on regulated markets. This office gave him the nickname "Mr. Spending Review", with which he became quite known in Italy. He was also known by the press as "Mr. Scissors," due to his frequent habit of cutting public spending, while serving as an official in the IMF.On 1 November 2014, he was appointed, by the cabinet of Matteo Renzi, Executive Director of the International Monetary Fund Board. For this reason, on October 30, 2014, he left the commission of expenditure's review. In an interview released shortly before the term of the office, he spoke of the faced difficulties relating to the political and the bureaucratic system.From 30 October 2017 he is the Director of the Observatory on the Italian Public Accounts (CPI) of the Catholic University of Milan.The March 2018 election resulted in a hung parliament, with no coalitions able to form a majority of seats in both the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic. The election was seen as a backlash against the establishment with the Five Star Movement and the League becoming respectively the first and third largest parties in the Parliament.After weeks of political deadlock, Mattarella gave the private law professor Giuseppe Conte the task of forming a new cabinet at the head of a populist coalition formed by the Five Star Movement and the League, who had reached a substantial agreement on a government agenda. However, on 27 May 2018, Conte renounced the office due to contrasts between the League's leader Matteo Salvini and President Sergio Mattarella. Salvini proposed the university professor Paolo Savona as Minister of Economy and Finances, but Mattarella strongly opposed him, as the media considered Savona too Eurosceptic and anti-German. In his speech after Conte's resignation, Mattarella declared that the two parties wanted to bring Italy out of the Eurozone, and as the guarantor of Italian Constitution and country's interest and stability he could not allow this. On the following day, Mattarella gave Cottarelli the task of forming a new government.In the statement released after the designation, Cottarelli specified that in case of confidence by the Parliament, he would contribute to the approval of the budget law for 2019, then the Parliament would be dissolved and a new general election would be called for the beginning of 2019. In the absence of confidence, the government would deal only with the so-called current affairs and lead the country toward new elections after August 2018. Cottarelli also guaranteed the neutrality of the government and the commitment not to run for the next election. He ensured a prudent management of Italian national debt and the defense of national interests through a constructive dialogue with the European Union. On 28 May 2018, the Democratic Party (PD) announced that it would abstain from voting the confidence to Cottarelli, while the Five Star Movement and the center-right parties Forza Italia (FI), Brothers of Italy (FdI) and the League announced their vote against.Cottarelli was expected to submit his list of ministers for approval to President Mattarella on 29 May. However, on 29 May and 30 May he held only informal consultations with the President. According to the Italian media, he was facing difficulties due to the unwillingness of several potential candidates to serve as ministers in his cabinet and may even renounce. Meanwhile, Matteo Salvini and Luigi Di Maio announced their willingness to restart the negotiations to form a political government, and Giorgia Meloni, leader of FdI, gave her support to the initiative. On 31 May, when M5S and the League declared of having reached an agreement regarding a new cabinet, Cottarelli resigned from his position.Cottarelli married Miria Pigato, an economist and manager of the World Bank Group. Pigato is an expert in the economy of the Sub-Saharan Africa. They have two children. One of his children, Elisa (26 years old) is a supermodel.
|
[
"International Monetary Fund",
"Bank of Italy",
"International Monetary Fund"
] |
|
Which employer did Carlo Cottarelli work for in Aug, 2007?
|
August 19, 2007
|
{
"text": [
"International Monetary Fund"
]
}
|
L2_Q16536907_P108_2
|
Carlo Cottarelli works for International Monetary Fund from Jan, 1988 to Jan, 2013.
Carlo Cottarelli works for Bank of Italy from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1987.
Carlo Cottarelli works for Eni from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1988.
|
Carlo CottarelliCarlo Cottarelli (; born 18 August 1954) is an Italian economist and former director of the International Monetary Fund. On 28 May 2018 he was designated Prime Minister of Italy by President Sergio Mattarella, to lead a caretaker government that would bring Italy toward new elections. However, after few days, the Five Star Movement and the League reached an agreement and a new government, led by Giuseppe Conte, was formed.Carlo Cottarelli was born in Cremona, Lombardy, in 1954. He graduated in Economics and Banking at the University of Siena and received a master's degree in Economics at the London School of Economics. From 1981 to 1987, he worked in the Research Department of the Bank of Italy and in Eni from 1987 to 1988.Starting in September 1988 he began working for the International Monetary Fund, in which he was part of several departments: the European Department (of which he was Senior Advisor responsible for supervising the IMF's activities in a dozen countries), the Monetary and Capital Markets Department, the Strategy, Policy, and Review Department (of which he was vice president too) and From November 2008 to 2013 he was appointed Director of the Fiscal Affairs Department of the IMF. He was also responsible for the development and publication of Fiscal Monitor, one of the three semi-annual publications on economic developments in various economic sectors. He later returned to the IMF to serve as Executive Director for Italy and a group of other countries including Greece. During this period, Cottarelli wrote several essays on fiscal and policy, fiscal institutions.In November 2013 he was appointed by the government of Enrico Letta, Extraordinary Commissioner for the Spending Review. The tasks of the Extraordinary Commissioner regarded the expenses of public administrations, public utilities, as well as of the companies controlled directly or indirectly by public administrations that do not issue financial instruments listed on regulated markets. This office gave him the nickname "Mr. Spending Review", with which he became quite known in Italy. He was also known by the press as "Mr. Scissors," due to his frequent habit of cutting public spending, while serving as an official in the IMF.On 1 November 2014, he was appointed, by the cabinet of Matteo Renzi, Executive Director of the International Monetary Fund Board. For this reason, on October 30, 2014, he left the commission of expenditure's review. In an interview released shortly before the term of the office, he spoke of the faced difficulties relating to the political and the bureaucratic system.From 30 October 2017 he is the Director of the Observatory on the Italian Public Accounts (CPI) of the Catholic University of Milan.The March 2018 election resulted in a hung parliament, with no coalitions able to form a majority of seats in both the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic. The election was seen as a backlash against the establishment with the Five Star Movement and the League becoming respectively the first and third largest parties in the Parliament.After weeks of political deadlock, Mattarella gave the private law professor Giuseppe Conte the task of forming a new cabinet at the head of a populist coalition formed by the Five Star Movement and the League, who had reached a substantial agreement on a government agenda. However, on 27 May 2018, Conte renounced the office due to contrasts between the League's leader Matteo Salvini and President Sergio Mattarella. Salvini proposed the university professor Paolo Savona as Minister of Economy and Finances, but Mattarella strongly opposed him, as the media considered Savona too Eurosceptic and anti-German. In his speech after Conte's resignation, Mattarella declared that the two parties wanted to bring Italy out of the Eurozone, and as the guarantor of Italian Constitution and country's interest and stability he could not allow this. On the following day, Mattarella gave Cottarelli the task of forming a new government.In the statement released after the designation, Cottarelli specified that in case of confidence by the Parliament, he would contribute to the approval of the budget law for 2019, then the Parliament would be dissolved and a new general election would be called for the beginning of 2019. In the absence of confidence, the government would deal only with the so-called current affairs and lead the country toward new elections after August 2018. Cottarelli also guaranteed the neutrality of the government and the commitment not to run for the next election. He ensured a prudent management of Italian national debt and the defense of national interests through a constructive dialogue with the European Union. On 28 May 2018, the Democratic Party (PD) announced that it would abstain from voting the confidence to Cottarelli, while the Five Star Movement and the center-right parties Forza Italia (FI), Brothers of Italy (FdI) and the League announced their vote against.Cottarelli was expected to submit his list of ministers for approval to President Mattarella on 29 May. However, on 29 May and 30 May he held only informal consultations with the President. According to the Italian media, he was facing difficulties due to the unwillingness of several potential candidates to serve as ministers in his cabinet and may even renounce. Meanwhile, Matteo Salvini and Luigi Di Maio announced their willingness to restart the negotiations to form a political government, and Giorgia Meloni, leader of FdI, gave her support to the initiative. On 31 May, when M5S and the League declared of having reached an agreement regarding a new cabinet, Cottarelli resigned from his position.Cottarelli married Miria Pigato, an economist and manager of the World Bank Group. Pigato is an expert in the economy of the Sub-Saharan Africa. They have two children. One of his children, Elisa (26 years old) is a supermodel.
|
[
"Bank of Italy",
"Eni"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team Enosis Neon Paralimni FC in Aug, 2016?
|
August 18, 2016
|
{
"text": [
"Kostas Kaiafas"
]
}
|
L2_Q959341_P286_0
|
Marinos Satsias is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Jul, 2021 to Dec, 2022.
Carlos Alós Ferrer is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Sep, 2020 to Mar, 2021.
Apostolos Makrides is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Jun, 2017 to Oct, 2017.
André Paus is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Oct, 2017 to Nov, 2018.
Kostas Kaiafas is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from May, 2016 to Feb, 2017.
Čedomir Janevski is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Jan, 2020 to May, 2020.
Sotiris Antoniou is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Apr, 2021 to May, 2021.
|
Enosis Neon Paralimni FCEnosis Neon Paralimni Football Club (, "Enosi Neon Paralimniou", "Youth Union of Paralimni") is a Cypriot football team from Paralimni. Currently playing in the first division, it holds home games at the Paralimni Municipal Stadium "Tasos Marcou", which holds 5,800 people.Enosis Neon Paralimniou was founded in April 1944, following the merger of two Paralimni clubs, Heracles and People's Love.The club's emblem is the Parthenon, with a trumpeter and the year 1936 inscription, birth year of the club Heracles. The only reason why founders decided to adopt the year 1936 as the new club's birth year instead of the year 1944 has purely to do with Heracles official papers. On those, it was clear that whenever the club's members decided to cease its operations, all of its assets (movable and immovable property) would go straight to the Church. In view of that and in order to avoid any legal implications, the newly born club of Enosis was reckoned by the authorities as a continuation of the club Heracles of Paralimni, absorbing the other club, People's Love.The first football match played in Paralimni took place in the first half of the year 1945, some weeks before the end of World War II, against a German team of POWs (no further details found). The first recorded encounter was on 16 September 1945, against a mixed team from Anorthosis and EHAN, both of Famagusta (a final 4–5 loss).The team’s colours of claret and blue were introduced by the Parnerou brothers who were both supporters of West Ham United and acquainted with player Bobby Moore. Moore donated West Ham United kits for the team to play in 1971, 2 years after the team's promotion to the Cypriot First Division . These colours became an established part of the club itself.Until the early 1960s, Enosis took part only in local competitions, since the Cyprus Football Association (CFA) had repeatedly denied its participation in its competitions, stating that only clubs based in towns could take part. The CFA's denial was the reason why Enosis joined E.A.P.O., a village-based club association. In 1965, the CFA changed its rules and Enosis finally managed to join and participate in the second division. From the very beginning, the side tried to win promotion to the first division and, after four attempts, managed to finish first, in the football season of 1968–69. Since then, Enosis has taken part in all 45 editions of first division, being one of only five clubs never to have been demoted into the second division until 2013–14, when it was relegated for the first time to the second division after finishing 13th in the league.
|
[
"Apostolos Makrides",
"Marinos Satsias",
"Sotiris Antoniou",
"André Paus",
"Čedomir Janevski",
"Carlos Alós Ferrer"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team Enosis Neon Paralimni FC in Sep, 2017?
|
September 27, 2017
|
{
"text": [
"Apostolos Makrides"
]
}
|
L2_Q959341_P286_1
|
Kostas Kaiafas is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from May, 2016 to Feb, 2017.
Apostolos Makrides is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Jun, 2017 to Oct, 2017.
Marinos Satsias is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Jul, 2021 to Dec, 2022.
Carlos Alós Ferrer is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Sep, 2020 to Mar, 2021.
André Paus is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Oct, 2017 to Nov, 2018.
Sotiris Antoniou is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Apr, 2021 to May, 2021.
Čedomir Janevski is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Jan, 2020 to May, 2020.
|
Enosis Neon Paralimni FCEnosis Neon Paralimni Football Club (, "Enosi Neon Paralimniou", "Youth Union of Paralimni") is a Cypriot football team from Paralimni. Currently playing in the first division, it holds home games at the Paralimni Municipal Stadium "Tasos Marcou", which holds 5,800 people.Enosis Neon Paralimniou was founded in April 1944, following the merger of two Paralimni clubs, Heracles and People's Love.The club's emblem is the Parthenon, with a trumpeter and the year 1936 inscription, birth year of the club Heracles. The only reason why founders decided to adopt the year 1936 as the new club's birth year instead of the year 1944 has purely to do with Heracles official papers. On those, it was clear that whenever the club's members decided to cease its operations, all of its assets (movable and immovable property) would go straight to the Church. In view of that and in order to avoid any legal implications, the newly born club of Enosis was reckoned by the authorities as a continuation of the club Heracles of Paralimni, absorbing the other club, People's Love.The first football match played in Paralimni took place in the first half of the year 1945, some weeks before the end of World War II, against a German team of POWs (no further details found). The first recorded encounter was on 16 September 1945, against a mixed team from Anorthosis and EHAN, both of Famagusta (a final 4–5 loss).The team’s colours of claret and blue were introduced by the Parnerou brothers who were both supporters of West Ham United and acquainted with player Bobby Moore. Moore donated West Ham United kits for the team to play in 1971, 2 years after the team's promotion to the Cypriot First Division . These colours became an established part of the club itself.Until the early 1960s, Enosis took part only in local competitions, since the Cyprus Football Association (CFA) had repeatedly denied its participation in its competitions, stating that only clubs based in towns could take part. The CFA's denial was the reason why Enosis joined E.A.P.O., a village-based club association. In 1965, the CFA changed its rules and Enosis finally managed to join and participate in the second division. From the very beginning, the side tried to win promotion to the first division and, after four attempts, managed to finish first, in the football season of 1968–69. Since then, Enosis has taken part in all 45 editions of first division, being one of only five clubs never to have been demoted into the second division until 2013–14, when it was relegated for the first time to the second division after finishing 13th in the league.
|
[
"Marinos Satsias",
"Sotiris Antoniou",
"Kostas Kaiafas",
"André Paus",
"Čedomir Janevski",
"Carlos Alós Ferrer"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team Enosis Neon Paralimni FC in Aug, 2018?
|
August 04, 2018
|
{
"text": [
"André Paus"
]
}
|
L2_Q959341_P286_2
|
Marinos Satsias is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Jul, 2021 to Dec, 2022.
Apostolos Makrides is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Jun, 2017 to Oct, 2017.
Kostas Kaiafas is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from May, 2016 to Feb, 2017.
Carlos Alós Ferrer is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Sep, 2020 to Mar, 2021.
Čedomir Janevski is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Jan, 2020 to May, 2020.
André Paus is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Oct, 2017 to Nov, 2018.
Sotiris Antoniou is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Apr, 2021 to May, 2021.
|
Enosis Neon Paralimni FCEnosis Neon Paralimni Football Club (, "Enosi Neon Paralimniou", "Youth Union of Paralimni") is a Cypriot football team from Paralimni. Currently playing in the first division, it holds home games at the Paralimni Municipal Stadium "Tasos Marcou", which holds 5,800 people.Enosis Neon Paralimniou was founded in April 1944, following the merger of two Paralimni clubs, Heracles and People's Love.The club's emblem is the Parthenon, with a trumpeter and the year 1936 inscription, birth year of the club Heracles. The only reason why founders decided to adopt the year 1936 as the new club's birth year instead of the year 1944 has purely to do with Heracles official papers. On those, it was clear that whenever the club's members decided to cease its operations, all of its assets (movable and immovable property) would go straight to the Church. In view of that and in order to avoid any legal implications, the newly born club of Enosis was reckoned by the authorities as a continuation of the club Heracles of Paralimni, absorbing the other club, People's Love.The first football match played in Paralimni took place in the first half of the year 1945, some weeks before the end of World War II, against a German team of POWs (no further details found). The first recorded encounter was on 16 September 1945, against a mixed team from Anorthosis and EHAN, both of Famagusta (a final 4–5 loss).The team’s colours of claret and blue were introduced by the Parnerou brothers who were both supporters of West Ham United and acquainted with player Bobby Moore. Moore donated West Ham United kits for the team to play in 1971, 2 years after the team's promotion to the Cypriot First Division . These colours became an established part of the club itself.Until the early 1960s, Enosis took part only in local competitions, since the Cyprus Football Association (CFA) had repeatedly denied its participation in its competitions, stating that only clubs based in towns could take part. The CFA's denial was the reason why Enosis joined E.A.P.O., a village-based club association. In 1965, the CFA changed its rules and Enosis finally managed to join and participate in the second division. From the very beginning, the side tried to win promotion to the first division and, after four attempts, managed to finish first, in the football season of 1968–69. Since then, Enosis has taken part in all 45 editions of first division, being one of only five clubs never to have been demoted into the second division until 2013–14, when it was relegated for the first time to the second division after finishing 13th in the league.
|
[
"Apostolos Makrides",
"Marinos Satsias",
"Sotiris Antoniou",
"Kostas Kaiafas",
"Čedomir Janevski",
"Carlos Alós Ferrer"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team Enosis Neon Paralimni FC in Apr, 2020?
|
April 08, 2020
|
{
"text": [
"Čedomir Janevski"
]
}
|
L2_Q959341_P286_3
|
Carlos Alós Ferrer is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Sep, 2020 to Mar, 2021.
Apostolos Makrides is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Jun, 2017 to Oct, 2017.
Marinos Satsias is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Jul, 2021 to Dec, 2022.
Kostas Kaiafas is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from May, 2016 to Feb, 2017.
André Paus is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Oct, 2017 to Nov, 2018.
Sotiris Antoniou is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Apr, 2021 to May, 2021.
Čedomir Janevski is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Jan, 2020 to May, 2020.
|
Enosis Neon Paralimni FCEnosis Neon Paralimni Football Club (, "Enosi Neon Paralimniou", "Youth Union of Paralimni") is a Cypriot football team from Paralimni. Currently playing in the first division, it holds home games at the Paralimni Municipal Stadium "Tasos Marcou", which holds 5,800 people.Enosis Neon Paralimniou was founded in April 1944, following the merger of two Paralimni clubs, Heracles and People's Love.The club's emblem is the Parthenon, with a trumpeter and the year 1936 inscription, birth year of the club Heracles. The only reason why founders decided to adopt the year 1936 as the new club's birth year instead of the year 1944 has purely to do with Heracles official papers. On those, it was clear that whenever the club's members decided to cease its operations, all of its assets (movable and immovable property) would go straight to the Church. In view of that and in order to avoid any legal implications, the newly born club of Enosis was reckoned by the authorities as a continuation of the club Heracles of Paralimni, absorbing the other club, People's Love.The first football match played in Paralimni took place in the first half of the year 1945, some weeks before the end of World War II, against a German team of POWs (no further details found). The first recorded encounter was on 16 September 1945, against a mixed team from Anorthosis and EHAN, both of Famagusta (a final 4–5 loss).The team’s colours of claret and blue were introduced by the Parnerou brothers who were both supporters of West Ham United and acquainted with player Bobby Moore. Moore donated West Ham United kits for the team to play in 1971, 2 years after the team's promotion to the Cypriot First Division . These colours became an established part of the club itself.Until the early 1960s, Enosis took part only in local competitions, since the Cyprus Football Association (CFA) had repeatedly denied its participation in its competitions, stating that only clubs based in towns could take part. The CFA's denial was the reason why Enosis joined E.A.P.O., a village-based club association. In 1965, the CFA changed its rules and Enosis finally managed to join and participate in the second division. From the very beginning, the side tried to win promotion to the first division and, after four attempts, managed to finish first, in the football season of 1968–69. Since then, Enosis has taken part in all 45 editions of first division, being one of only five clubs never to have been demoted into the second division until 2013–14, when it was relegated for the first time to the second division after finishing 13th in the league.
|
[
"Apostolos Makrides",
"Marinos Satsias",
"Sotiris Antoniou",
"Kostas Kaiafas",
"André Paus",
"Carlos Alós Ferrer"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team Enosis Neon Paralimni FC in Mar, 2021?
|
March 26, 2021
|
{
"text": [
"Carlos Alós Ferrer"
]
}
|
L2_Q959341_P286_4
|
Marinos Satsias is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Jul, 2021 to Dec, 2022.
Kostas Kaiafas is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from May, 2016 to Feb, 2017.
Carlos Alós Ferrer is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Sep, 2020 to Mar, 2021.
Čedomir Janevski is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Jan, 2020 to May, 2020.
Sotiris Antoniou is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Apr, 2021 to May, 2021.
Apostolos Makrides is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Jun, 2017 to Oct, 2017.
André Paus is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Oct, 2017 to Nov, 2018.
|
Enosis Neon Paralimni FCEnosis Neon Paralimni Football Club (, "Enosi Neon Paralimniou", "Youth Union of Paralimni") is a Cypriot football team from Paralimni. Currently playing in the first division, it holds home games at the Paralimni Municipal Stadium "Tasos Marcou", which holds 5,800 people.Enosis Neon Paralimniou was founded in April 1944, following the merger of two Paralimni clubs, Heracles and People's Love.The club's emblem is the Parthenon, with a trumpeter and the year 1936 inscription, birth year of the club Heracles. The only reason why founders decided to adopt the year 1936 as the new club's birth year instead of the year 1944 has purely to do with Heracles official papers. On those, it was clear that whenever the club's members decided to cease its operations, all of its assets (movable and immovable property) would go straight to the Church. In view of that and in order to avoid any legal implications, the newly born club of Enosis was reckoned by the authorities as a continuation of the club Heracles of Paralimni, absorbing the other club, People's Love.The first football match played in Paralimni took place in the first half of the year 1945, some weeks before the end of World War II, against a German team of POWs (no further details found). The first recorded encounter was on 16 September 1945, against a mixed team from Anorthosis and EHAN, both of Famagusta (a final 4–5 loss).The team’s colours of claret and blue were introduced by the Parnerou brothers who were both supporters of West Ham United and acquainted with player Bobby Moore. Moore donated West Ham United kits for the team to play in 1971, 2 years after the team's promotion to the Cypriot First Division . These colours became an established part of the club itself.Until the early 1960s, Enosis took part only in local competitions, since the Cyprus Football Association (CFA) had repeatedly denied its participation in its competitions, stating that only clubs based in towns could take part. The CFA's denial was the reason why Enosis joined E.A.P.O., a village-based club association. In 1965, the CFA changed its rules and Enosis finally managed to join and participate in the second division. From the very beginning, the side tried to win promotion to the first division and, after four attempts, managed to finish first, in the football season of 1968–69. Since then, Enosis has taken part in all 45 editions of first division, being one of only five clubs never to have been demoted into the second division until 2013–14, when it was relegated for the first time to the second division after finishing 13th in the league.
|
[
"Apostolos Makrides",
"Marinos Satsias",
"Sotiris Antoniou",
"Kostas Kaiafas",
"André Paus",
"Čedomir Janevski"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team Enosis Neon Paralimni FC in May, 2021?
|
May 25, 2021
|
{
"text": [
"Sotiris Antoniou"
]
}
|
L2_Q959341_P286_5
|
Čedomir Janevski is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Jan, 2020 to May, 2020.
Sotiris Antoniou is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Apr, 2021 to May, 2021.
Marinos Satsias is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Jul, 2021 to Dec, 2022.
Carlos Alós Ferrer is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Sep, 2020 to Mar, 2021.
Kostas Kaiafas is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from May, 2016 to Feb, 2017.
Apostolos Makrides is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Jun, 2017 to Oct, 2017.
André Paus is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Oct, 2017 to Nov, 2018.
|
Enosis Neon Paralimni FCEnosis Neon Paralimni Football Club (, "Enosi Neon Paralimniou", "Youth Union of Paralimni") is a Cypriot football team from Paralimni. Currently playing in the first division, it holds home games at the Paralimni Municipal Stadium "Tasos Marcou", which holds 5,800 people.Enosis Neon Paralimniou was founded in April 1944, following the merger of two Paralimni clubs, Heracles and People's Love.The club's emblem is the Parthenon, with a trumpeter and the year 1936 inscription, birth year of the club Heracles. The only reason why founders decided to adopt the year 1936 as the new club's birth year instead of the year 1944 has purely to do with Heracles official papers. On those, it was clear that whenever the club's members decided to cease its operations, all of its assets (movable and immovable property) would go straight to the Church. In view of that and in order to avoid any legal implications, the newly born club of Enosis was reckoned by the authorities as a continuation of the club Heracles of Paralimni, absorbing the other club, People's Love.The first football match played in Paralimni took place in the first half of the year 1945, some weeks before the end of World War II, against a German team of POWs (no further details found). The first recorded encounter was on 16 September 1945, against a mixed team from Anorthosis and EHAN, both of Famagusta (a final 4–5 loss).The team’s colours of claret and blue were introduced by the Parnerou brothers who were both supporters of West Ham United and acquainted with player Bobby Moore. Moore donated West Ham United kits for the team to play in 1971, 2 years after the team's promotion to the Cypriot First Division . These colours became an established part of the club itself.Until the early 1960s, Enosis took part only in local competitions, since the Cyprus Football Association (CFA) had repeatedly denied its participation in its competitions, stating that only clubs based in towns could take part. The CFA's denial was the reason why Enosis joined E.A.P.O., a village-based club association. In 1965, the CFA changed its rules and Enosis finally managed to join and participate in the second division. From the very beginning, the side tried to win promotion to the first division and, after four attempts, managed to finish first, in the football season of 1968–69. Since then, Enosis has taken part in all 45 editions of first division, being one of only five clubs never to have been demoted into the second division until 2013–14, when it was relegated for the first time to the second division after finishing 13th in the league.
|
[
"Apostolos Makrides",
"Marinos Satsias",
"Kostas Kaiafas",
"André Paus",
"Čedomir Janevski",
"Carlos Alós Ferrer"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team Enosis Neon Paralimni FC in Mar, 2022?
|
March 28, 2022
|
{
"text": [
"Marinos Satsias"
]
}
|
L2_Q959341_P286_6
|
Apostolos Makrides is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Jun, 2017 to Oct, 2017.
Čedomir Janevski is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Jan, 2020 to May, 2020.
Marinos Satsias is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Jul, 2021 to Dec, 2022.
Sotiris Antoniou is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Apr, 2021 to May, 2021.
André Paus is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Oct, 2017 to Nov, 2018.
Carlos Alós Ferrer is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from Sep, 2020 to Mar, 2021.
Kostas Kaiafas is the head coach of Enosis Neon Paralimni FC from May, 2016 to Feb, 2017.
|
Enosis Neon Paralimni FCEnosis Neon Paralimni Football Club (, "Enosi Neon Paralimniou", "Youth Union of Paralimni") is a Cypriot football team from Paralimni. Currently playing in the first division, it holds home games at the Paralimni Municipal Stadium "Tasos Marcou", which holds 5,800 people.Enosis Neon Paralimniou was founded in April 1944, following the merger of two Paralimni clubs, Heracles and People's Love.The club's emblem is the Parthenon, with a trumpeter and the year 1936 inscription, birth year of the club Heracles. The only reason why founders decided to adopt the year 1936 as the new club's birth year instead of the year 1944 has purely to do with Heracles official papers. On those, it was clear that whenever the club's members decided to cease its operations, all of its assets (movable and immovable property) would go straight to the Church. In view of that and in order to avoid any legal implications, the newly born club of Enosis was reckoned by the authorities as a continuation of the club Heracles of Paralimni, absorbing the other club, People's Love.The first football match played in Paralimni took place in the first half of the year 1945, some weeks before the end of World War II, against a German team of POWs (no further details found). The first recorded encounter was on 16 September 1945, against a mixed team from Anorthosis and EHAN, both of Famagusta (a final 4–5 loss).The team’s colours of claret and blue were introduced by the Parnerou brothers who were both supporters of West Ham United and acquainted with player Bobby Moore. Moore donated West Ham United kits for the team to play in 1971, 2 years after the team's promotion to the Cypriot First Division . These colours became an established part of the club itself.Until the early 1960s, Enosis took part only in local competitions, since the Cyprus Football Association (CFA) had repeatedly denied its participation in its competitions, stating that only clubs based in towns could take part. The CFA's denial was the reason why Enosis joined E.A.P.O., a village-based club association. In 1965, the CFA changed its rules and Enosis finally managed to join and participate in the second division. From the very beginning, the side tried to win promotion to the first division and, after four attempts, managed to finish first, in the football season of 1968–69. Since then, Enosis has taken part in all 45 editions of first division, being one of only five clubs never to have been demoted into the second division until 2013–14, when it was relegated for the first time to the second division after finishing 13th in the league.
|
[
"Apostolos Makrides",
"Sotiris Antoniou",
"Kostas Kaiafas",
"André Paus",
"Čedomir Janevski",
"Carlos Alós Ferrer"
] |
|
Which employer did Hermann Ebbinghaus work for in Jan, 1883?
|
January 28, 1883
|
{
"text": [
"Frederick William University"
]
}
|
L2_Q57332_P108_0
|
Hermann Ebbinghaus works for University of Wrocław from Jan, 1894 to Jan, 1905.
Hermann Ebbinghaus works for University of Halle-Wittenberg from Jan, 1905 to Jan, 1909.
Hermann Ebbinghaus works for Frederick William University from Jan, 1880 to Jan, 1894.
|
Hermann EbbinghausHermann Ebbinghaus (January 24, 1850 – February 26, 1909) was a German psychologist who pioneered the experimental study of memory, and is known for his discovery of the forgetting curve and the spacing effect. He was also the first person to describe the learning curve. He was the father of the neo-Kantian philosopher Julius Ebbinghaus.Ebbinghaus was born in Barmen, in the Rhine Province of the Kingdom of Prussia, as the son of a wealthy merchant, Carl Ebbinghaus. Little is known about his infancy except that he was brought up in the Lutheran faith and was a pupil at the town Gymnasium. At the age of 17 (1867), he began attending the University of Bonn, where he had planned to study history and philology. However, during his time there he developed an interest in philosophy. In 1870, his studies were interrupted when he served with the Prussian Army in the Franco-Prussian War. Following this short stint in the military, Ebbinghaus finished his dissertation on Eduard von Hartmann's "" (philosophy of the unconscious) and received his doctorate on August 16, 1873, when he was 23 years old. During the next three years, he spent time at Halle and Berlin.After acquiring his PhD, Ebbinghaus moved around England and France, tutoring students to support himself. In England, he may have taught in two small schools in the south of the country (Gorfein, 1885). In London, in a used bookstore, he came across Gustav Fechner's book "Elemente der Psychophysik" ("Elements of Psychophysics"), which spurred him to conduct his famous memory experiments. After beginning his studies at the University of Berlin, he founded the third psychological testing lab in Germany (third to Wilhelm Wundt and Georg Elias Müller). He began his memory studies here in 1879. In 1885 — the same year that he published his monumental work, "Über das Gedächtnis. Untersuchungen zur experimentellen Psychologie", later published in English under the title "Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology" — he was made a professor at the University of Berlin, most likely in recognition of this publication. In 1890, along with Arthur König, he founded the psychological journal "Zeitschrift für Physiologie und Psychologie der Sinnesorgane" ("The Psychology and Physiology of the Sense Organs'").In 1894, he was passed over for promotion to head of the philosophy department at Berlin, most likely due to his lack of publications. Instead, Carl Stumpf received the promotion. As a result of this, Ebbinghaus left to join the University of Breslau (now Wrocław, Poland), in a chair left open by Theodor Lipps (who took over Stumpf's position when he moved to Berlin). While in Breslau, he worked on a commission that studied how children's mental ability declined during the school day. While the specifics on how these mental abilities were measured have been lost, the successes achieved by the commission laid the groundwork for future intelligence testing. At Breslau, he again founded a psychological testing laboratory.In 1902, Ebbinghaus published his next piece of writing entitled "Die Grundzüge der Psychologie" ("Fundamentals of Psychology"). It was an instant success and continued to be long after his death. In 1904, he moved to Halle where he spent the last few years of his life. His last published work, "Abriss der Psychologie" ("Outline of Psychology") was published six years later, in 1908. This, too, continued to be a success, being re-released in eight different editions. Shortly after this publication, on February 26, 1909, Ebbinghaus died from pneumonia at the age of 59.Ebbinghaus was determined to show that higher mental processes could actually be studied using experimentation, which was in opposition to the popularly held thought of the time. To control for most potentially confounding variables, Ebbinghaus wanted to use simple acoustic encoding and maintenance rehearsal for which a list of words could have been used. As learning would be affected by prior knowledge and understanding, he needed something that could be easily memorized but which had no prior cognitive associations. Easily formable associations with regular words would interfere with his results, so he used items that would later be called "nonsense syllables" (also known as the CVC trigram). A nonsense syllable is a consonant-vowel-consonant combination, where the consonant does not repeat and the syllable does not have prior meaning. BOL (sounds like "Ball") and DOT (already a word) would then not be allowed. However, syllables such as DAX, BOK, and YAT would all be acceptable (though Ebbinghaus left no examples). After eliminating the meaning-laden syllables, Ebbinghaus ended up with 2,300 resultant syllables. Once he had created his collection of syllables, he would pull out a number of random syllables from a box and then write them down in a notebook. Then, to the regular sound of a metronome, and with the same voice inflection, he would read out the syllables, and attempt to recall them at the end of the procedure. One investigation alone required 15,000 recitations.It was later determined that humans impose meaning even on nonsense syllables to make them more meaningful. The nonsense syllable PED (which is the first three letters of the word "pedal") turns out to be less nonsensical than a syllable such as KOJ; the syllables are said to differ in association value. It appears that Ebbinghaus recognized this, and only referred to the strings of syllables as "nonsense" in that the syllables might be less likely to have a specific meaning and he should make no attempt to make associations with them for easier retrieval.There are several limitations to his work on memory. The most important one was that Ebbinghaus was the only subject in his study. This limited the study's generalizability to the population. Although he attempted to regulate his daily routine to maintain more control over his results, his decision to avoid the use of participants sacrificed the external validity of the study despite sound internal validity. In addition, although he tried to account for his personal influences, there is an inherent bias when someone serves as researcher as well as participant. Also, Ebbinghaus's memory research halted research in other, more complex matters of memory such as semantic and procedural memory and mnemonics.In 1885, he published his groundbreaking "Über das Gedächtnis" ("On Memory", later translated to English as "Memory. A Contribution to Experimental Psychology") in which he described experiments he conducted on himself to describe the processes of learning and forgetting.Ebbinghaus made several findings that are still relevant and supported to this day. First, Ebbinghaus made a set of 2,300 three letter syllables to measure mental associations that helped him find that memory is orderly. Second, and arguably his most famous finding, was the forgetting curve. The forgetting curve describes the exponential loss of information that one has learned. The sharpest decline occurs in the first twenty minutes and the decay is significant through the first hour. The curve levels off after about one day.The learning curve described by Ebbinghaus refers to how fast one learns information. The sharpest increase occurs after the first try and then gradually evens out, meaning that less and less new information is retained after each repetition. Like the forgetting curve, the learning curve is exponential. Ebbinghaus had also documented the serial position effect, which describes how the position of an item affects recall. The two main concepts in the serial position effect are recency and primacy. The recency effect describes the increased recall of the most recent information because it is still in the short-term memory. The primacy effect causes better memory of the first items in a list due to increased rehearsal and commitment to long-term memory.Another important discovery is that of savings. This refers to the amount of information retained in the subconscious even after this information cannot be consciously accessed. Ebbinghaus would memorize a list of items until perfect recall and then would not access the list until he could no longer recall any of its items. He then would relearn the list, and compare the new learning curve to the learning curve of his previous memorization of the list. The second list was generally memorized faster, and this difference between the two learning curves is what Ebbinghaus called "savings". Ebbinghaus also described the difference between involuntary and voluntary memory, the former occurring "with apparent spontaneity and without any act of the will" and the latter being brought "into consciousness by an exertion of the will".Prior to Ebbinghaus, most contributions to the study of memory were undertaken by philosophers and centered on observational description and speculation. For example, Immanuel Kant used pure description to discuss recognition and its components and Sir Francis Bacon claimed that the simple observation of the rote recollection of a previously learned list was "no use to the art" of memory. This dichotomy between descriptive and experimental study of memory would resonate later in Ebbinghaus's life, particularly in his public argument with former colleague Wilhelm Dilthey. However, more than a century before Ebbinghaus, Johann Andreas Segner invented the "Segner-wheel" to see the length of after-images by seeing how fast a wheel with a hot coal attached had to move for the red ember circle from the coal to appear complete. (see iconic memory)Ebbinghaus's effect on memory research was almost immediate. With very few works published on memory in the previous two millennia, Ebbinghaus's works spurred memory research in the United States in the 1890s, with 32 papers published in 1894 alone. This research was coupled with the growing development of mechanized mnemometers (an outdated mechanical device used for presenting a series of stimuli to be memorized).The reaction to his work in his day was mostly positive. Noted psychologist William James called the studies "heroic" and said that they were "the single most brilliant investigation in the history of psychology". Edward B. Titchener also mentioned that the studies were the greatest undertaking in the topic of memory since Aristotle.Ebbinghaus can also be credited with pioneering sentence completion exercises, which he developed in studying the abilities of schoolchildren. It was these same exercises that Alfred Binet had borrowed and incorporated into the Binet-Simon intelligence scale. Sentence completion had since then also been used extensively in memory research, especially in tapping into measures of implicit memory, and also has been used in psychotherapy as a tool to help tap into the motivations and drives of the patient. He had also influenced Charlotte Bühler, who along with Lev Vygotsky and others went on to study language meaning and society.Ebbinghaus is also largely credited with drafting the first standard research report. In his paper on memory, Ebbinghaus arranged his research into four sections: the introduction, the methods, the results, and a discussion section. The clarity and organization of this format was so impressive to contemporaries that it has now become standard in the discipline, and all research reports follow the same standards laid out by Ebbinghaus.After Ebbinghaus worked on memory, he also had a contribution with color vision. In 1890, Ebbinghaus came up with the double pyramid design where corners were rounded off.Unlike notable contemporaries like Titchener and James, Ebbinghaus did not promote any specific school of psychology nor was he known for extensive lifetime research, having done only three works. He never attempted to bestow upon himself the title of the pioneer of experimental psychology, did not seek to have any "disciples", and left the exploitation of the new field to others.In addition to pioneering experimental psychology, Ebbinghaus was also a strong defender of this direction of the new science, as is illustrated by his public dispute with University of Berlin colleague, Wilhelm Dilthey. Shortly after Ebbinghaus left Berlin in 1893, Dilthey published a paper extolling the virtues of descriptive psychology, and condemning experimental psychology as boring, claiming that the mind was too complex, and that introspection was the desired method of studying the mind. The debate at the time had been primarily whether psychology should aim to explain or understand the mind and whether it belonged to the natural or human sciences. Many had seen Dilthey's work as an outright attack on experimental psychology, Ebbinghaus included, and he responded to Dilthey with a personal letter and also a long scathing public article. Amongst his counterarguments against Dilthey he mentioned that it is inevitable for psychology to do hypothetical work and that the kind of psychology that Dilthey was attacking was the one that existed before Ebbinghaus's "experimental revolution". Charlotte Bühler echoed his words some forty years later, stating that people like Ebbinghaus "buried the old psychology in the 1890s". Ebbinghaus explained his scathing review by saying that he could not believe that Dilthey was advocating the status quo of structuralists like Wilhelm Wundt and Titchener and attempting to stifle psychology's progress.Some contemporary texts still describe Ebbinghaus as a philosopher rather than a psychologist and he had also spent his life as a professor of philosophy. However, Ebbinghaus himself would probably describe himself as a psychologist considering that he fought to have psychology viewed as a separate discipline from philosophy.There has been some speculation as to what influenced Ebbinghaus in his undertakings. None of his professors seem to have influenced him, nor are there suggestions that his colleagues affected him. Von Hartmann's work, on which Ebbinghaus based his doctorate, did suggest that higher mental processes were hidden from view, which may have spurred Ebbinghaus to attempt to prove otherwise. The one influence that has always been cited as having inspired Ebbinghaus was Gustav Fechner's two-volume "Elemente der Psychophysik." ("Elements of Psychophysics", 1860), a book which he purchased second-hand in England. It is said that the meticulous mathematical procedures impressed Ebbinghaus so much that he wanted to do for psychology what Fechner had done for psychophysics. This inspiration is also evident in that Ebbinghaus dedicated his second work "Principles of Psychology" to Fechner, signing it "I owe everything to you."
|
[
"University of Wrocław",
"University of Halle-Wittenberg"
] |
|
Which employer did Hermann Ebbinghaus work for in Apr, 1904?
|
April 01, 1904
|
{
"text": [
"University of Wrocław"
]
}
|
L2_Q57332_P108_1
|
Hermann Ebbinghaus works for University of Halle-Wittenberg from Jan, 1905 to Jan, 1909.
Hermann Ebbinghaus works for University of Wrocław from Jan, 1894 to Jan, 1905.
Hermann Ebbinghaus works for Frederick William University from Jan, 1880 to Jan, 1894.
|
Hermann EbbinghausHermann Ebbinghaus (January 24, 1850 – February 26, 1909) was a German psychologist who pioneered the experimental study of memory, and is known for his discovery of the forgetting curve and the spacing effect. He was also the first person to describe the learning curve. He was the father of the neo-Kantian philosopher Julius Ebbinghaus.Ebbinghaus was born in Barmen, in the Rhine Province of the Kingdom of Prussia, as the son of a wealthy merchant, Carl Ebbinghaus. Little is known about his infancy except that he was brought up in the Lutheran faith and was a pupil at the town Gymnasium. At the age of 17 (1867), he began attending the University of Bonn, where he had planned to study history and philology. However, during his time there he developed an interest in philosophy. In 1870, his studies were interrupted when he served with the Prussian Army in the Franco-Prussian War. Following this short stint in the military, Ebbinghaus finished his dissertation on Eduard von Hartmann's "" (philosophy of the unconscious) and received his doctorate on August 16, 1873, when he was 23 years old. During the next three years, he spent time at Halle and Berlin.After acquiring his PhD, Ebbinghaus moved around England and France, tutoring students to support himself. In England, he may have taught in two small schools in the south of the country (Gorfein, 1885). In London, in a used bookstore, he came across Gustav Fechner's book "Elemente der Psychophysik" ("Elements of Psychophysics"), which spurred him to conduct his famous memory experiments. After beginning his studies at the University of Berlin, he founded the third psychological testing lab in Germany (third to Wilhelm Wundt and Georg Elias Müller). He began his memory studies here in 1879. In 1885 — the same year that he published his monumental work, "Über das Gedächtnis. Untersuchungen zur experimentellen Psychologie", later published in English under the title "Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology" — he was made a professor at the University of Berlin, most likely in recognition of this publication. In 1890, along with Arthur König, he founded the psychological journal "Zeitschrift für Physiologie und Psychologie der Sinnesorgane" ("The Psychology and Physiology of the Sense Organs'").In 1894, he was passed over for promotion to head of the philosophy department at Berlin, most likely due to his lack of publications. Instead, Carl Stumpf received the promotion. As a result of this, Ebbinghaus left to join the University of Breslau (now Wrocław, Poland), in a chair left open by Theodor Lipps (who took over Stumpf's position when he moved to Berlin). While in Breslau, he worked on a commission that studied how children's mental ability declined during the school day. While the specifics on how these mental abilities were measured have been lost, the successes achieved by the commission laid the groundwork for future intelligence testing. At Breslau, he again founded a psychological testing laboratory.In 1902, Ebbinghaus published his next piece of writing entitled "Die Grundzüge der Psychologie" ("Fundamentals of Psychology"). It was an instant success and continued to be long after his death. In 1904, he moved to Halle where he spent the last few years of his life. His last published work, "Abriss der Psychologie" ("Outline of Psychology") was published six years later, in 1908. This, too, continued to be a success, being re-released in eight different editions. Shortly after this publication, on February 26, 1909, Ebbinghaus died from pneumonia at the age of 59.Ebbinghaus was determined to show that higher mental processes could actually be studied using experimentation, which was in opposition to the popularly held thought of the time. To control for most potentially confounding variables, Ebbinghaus wanted to use simple acoustic encoding and maintenance rehearsal for which a list of words could have been used. As learning would be affected by prior knowledge and understanding, he needed something that could be easily memorized but which had no prior cognitive associations. Easily formable associations with regular words would interfere with his results, so he used items that would later be called "nonsense syllables" (also known as the CVC trigram). A nonsense syllable is a consonant-vowel-consonant combination, where the consonant does not repeat and the syllable does not have prior meaning. BOL (sounds like "Ball") and DOT (already a word) would then not be allowed. However, syllables such as DAX, BOK, and YAT would all be acceptable (though Ebbinghaus left no examples). After eliminating the meaning-laden syllables, Ebbinghaus ended up with 2,300 resultant syllables. Once he had created his collection of syllables, he would pull out a number of random syllables from a box and then write them down in a notebook. Then, to the regular sound of a metronome, and with the same voice inflection, he would read out the syllables, and attempt to recall them at the end of the procedure. One investigation alone required 15,000 recitations.It was later determined that humans impose meaning even on nonsense syllables to make them more meaningful. The nonsense syllable PED (which is the first three letters of the word "pedal") turns out to be less nonsensical than a syllable such as KOJ; the syllables are said to differ in association value. It appears that Ebbinghaus recognized this, and only referred to the strings of syllables as "nonsense" in that the syllables might be less likely to have a specific meaning and he should make no attempt to make associations with them for easier retrieval.There are several limitations to his work on memory. The most important one was that Ebbinghaus was the only subject in his study. This limited the study's generalizability to the population. Although he attempted to regulate his daily routine to maintain more control over his results, his decision to avoid the use of participants sacrificed the external validity of the study despite sound internal validity. In addition, although he tried to account for his personal influences, there is an inherent bias when someone serves as researcher as well as participant. Also, Ebbinghaus's memory research halted research in other, more complex matters of memory such as semantic and procedural memory and mnemonics.In 1885, he published his groundbreaking "Über das Gedächtnis" ("On Memory", later translated to English as "Memory. A Contribution to Experimental Psychology") in which he described experiments he conducted on himself to describe the processes of learning and forgetting.Ebbinghaus made several findings that are still relevant and supported to this day. First, Ebbinghaus made a set of 2,300 three letter syllables to measure mental associations that helped him find that memory is orderly. Second, and arguably his most famous finding, was the forgetting curve. The forgetting curve describes the exponential loss of information that one has learned. The sharpest decline occurs in the first twenty minutes and the decay is significant through the first hour. The curve levels off after about one day.The learning curve described by Ebbinghaus refers to how fast one learns information. The sharpest increase occurs after the first try and then gradually evens out, meaning that less and less new information is retained after each repetition. Like the forgetting curve, the learning curve is exponential. Ebbinghaus had also documented the serial position effect, which describes how the position of an item affects recall. The two main concepts in the serial position effect are recency and primacy. The recency effect describes the increased recall of the most recent information because it is still in the short-term memory. The primacy effect causes better memory of the first items in a list due to increased rehearsal and commitment to long-term memory.Another important discovery is that of savings. This refers to the amount of information retained in the subconscious even after this information cannot be consciously accessed. Ebbinghaus would memorize a list of items until perfect recall and then would not access the list until he could no longer recall any of its items. He then would relearn the list, and compare the new learning curve to the learning curve of his previous memorization of the list. The second list was generally memorized faster, and this difference between the two learning curves is what Ebbinghaus called "savings". Ebbinghaus also described the difference between involuntary and voluntary memory, the former occurring "with apparent spontaneity and without any act of the will" and the latter being brought "into consciousness by an exertion of the will".Prior to Ebbinghaus, most contributions to the study of memory were undertaken by philosophers and centered on observational description and speculation. For example, Immanuel Kant used pure description to discuss recognition and its components and Sir Francis Bacon claimed that the simple observation of the rote recollection of a previously learned list was "no use to the art" of memory. This dichotomy between descriptive and experimental study of memory would resonate later in Ebbinghaus's life, particularly in his public argument with former colleague Wilhelm Dilthey. However, more than a century before Ebbinghaus, Johann Andreas Segner invented the "Segner-wheel" to see the length of after-images by seeing how fast a wheel with a hot coal attached had to move for the red ember circle from the coal to appear complete. (see iconic memory)Ebbinghaus's effect on memory research was almost immediate. With very few works published on memory in the previous two millennia, Ebbinghaus's works spurred memory research in the United States in the 1890s, with 32 papers published in 1894 alone. This research was coupled with the growing development of mechanized mnemometers (an outdated mechanical device used for presenting a series of stimuli to be memorized).The reaction to his work in his day was mostly positive. Noted psychologist William James called the studies "heroic" and said that they were "the single most brilliant investigation in the history of psychology". Edward B. Titchener also mentioned that the studies were the greatest undertaking in the topic of memory since Aristotle.Ebbinghaus can also be credited with pioneering sentence completion exercises, which he developed in studying the abilities of schoolchildren. It was these same exercises that Alfred Binet had borrowed and incorporated into the Binet-Simon intelligence scale. Sentence completion had since then also been used extensively in memory research, especially in tapping into measures of implicit memory, and also has been used in psychotherapy as a tool to help tap into the motivations and drives of the patient. He had also influenced Charlotte Bühler, who along with Lev Vygotsky and others went on to study language meaning and society.Ebbinghaus is also largely credited with drafting the first standard research report. In his paper on memory, Ebbinghaus arranged his research into four sections: the introduction, the methods, the results, and a discussion section. The clarity and organization of this format was so impressive to contemporaries that it has now become standard in the discipline, and all research reports follow the same standards laid out by Ebbinghaus.After Ebbinghaus worked on memory, he also had a contribution with color vision. In 1890, Ebbinghaus came up with the double pyramid design where corners were rounded off.Unlike notable contemporaries like Titchener and James, Ebbinghaus did not promote any specific school of psychology nor was he known for extensive lifetime research, having done only three works. He never attempted to bestow upon himself the title of the pioneer of experimental psychology, did not seek to have any "disciples", and left the exploitation of the new field to others.In addition to pioneering experimental psychology, Ebbinghaus was also a strong defender of this direction of the new science, as is illustrated by his public dispute with University of Berlin colleague, Wilhelm Dilthey. Shortly after Ebbinghaus left Berlin in 1893, Dilthey published a paper extolling the virtues of descriptive psychology, and condemning experimental psychology as boring, claiming that the mind was too complex, and that introspection was the desired method of studying the mind. The debate at the time had been primarily whether psychology should aim to explain or understand the mind and whether it belonged to the natural or human sciences. Many had seen Dilthey's work as an outright attack on experimental psychology, Ebbinghaus included, and he responded to Dilthey with a personal letter and also a long scathing public article. Amongst his counterarguments against Dilthey he mentioned that it is inevitable for psychology to do hypothetical work and that the kind of psychology that Dilthey was attacking was the one that existed before Ebbinghaus's "experimental revolution". Charlotte Bühler echoed his words some forty years later, stating that people like Ebbinghaus "buried the old psychology in the 1890s". Ebbinghaus explained his scathing review by saying that he could not believe that Dilthey was advocating the status quo of structuralists like Wilhelm Wundt and Titchener and attempting to stifle psychology's progress.Some contemporary texts still describe Ebbinghaus as a philosopher rather than a psychologist and he had also spent his life as a professor of philosophy. However, Ebbinghaus himself would probably describe himself as a psychologist considering that he fought to have psychology viewed as a separate discipline from philosophy.There has been some speculation as to what influenced Ebbinghaus in his undertakings. None of his professors seem to have influenced him, nor are there suggestions that his colleagues affected him. Von Hartmann's work, on which Ebbinghaus based his doctorate, did suggest that higher mental processes were hidden from view, which may have spurred Ebbinghaus to attempt to prove otherwise. The one influence that has always been cited as having inspired Ebbinghaus was Gustav Fechner's two-volume "Elemente der Psychophysik." ("Elements of Psychophysics", 1860), a book which he purchased second-hand in England. It is said that the meticulous mathematical procedures impressed Ebbinghaus so much that he wanted to do for psychology what Fechner had done for psychophysics. This inspiration is also evident in that Ebbinghaus dedicated his second work "Principles of Psychology" to Fechner, signing it "I owe everything to you."
|
[
"University of Halle-Wittenberg",
"Frederick William University"
] |
|
Which employer did Hermann Ebbinghaus work for in Apr, 1905?
|
April 08, 1905
|
{
"text": [
"University of Halle-Wittenberg"
]
}
|
L2_Q57332_P108_2
|
Hermann Ebbinghaus works for Frederick William University from Jan, 1880 to Jan, 1894.
Hermann Ebbinghaus works for University of Wrocław from Jan, 1894 to Jan, 1905.
Hermann Ebbinghaus works for University of Halle-Wittenberg from Jan, 1905 to Jan, 1909.
|
Hermann EbbinghausHermann Ebbinghaus (January 24, 1850 – February 26, 1909) was a German psychologist who pioneered the experimental study of memory, and is known for his discovery of the forgetting curve and the spacing effect. He was also the first person to describe the learning curve. He was the father of the neo-Kantian philosopher Julius Ebbinghaus.Ebbinghaus was born in Barmen, in the Rhine Province of the Kingdom of Prussia, as the son of a wealthy merchant, Carl Ebbinghaus. Little is known about his infancy except that he was brought up in the Lutheran faith and was a pupil at the town Gymnasium. At the age of 17 (1867), he began attending the University of Bonn, where he had planned to study history and philology. However, during his time there he developed an interest in philosophy. In 1870, his studies were interrupted when he served with the Prussian Army in the Franco-Prussian War. Following this short stint in the military, Ebbinghaus finished his dissertation on Eduard von Hartmann's "" (philosophy of the unconscious) and received his doctorate on August 16, 1873, when he was 23 years old. During the next three years, he spent time at Halle and Berlin.After acquiring his PhD, Ebbinghaus moved around England and France, tutoring students to support himself. In England, he may have taught in two small schools in the south of the country (Gorfein, 1885). In London, in a used bookstore, he came across Gustav Fechner's book "Elemente der Psychophysik" ("Elements of Psychophysics"), which spurred him to conduct his famous memory experiments. After beginning his studies at the University of Berlin, he founded the third psychological testing lab in Germany (third to Wilhelm Wundt and Georg Elias Müller). He began his memory studies here in 1879. In 1885 — the same year that he published his monumental work, "Über das Gedächtnis. Untersuchungen zur experimentellen Psychologie", later published in English under the title "Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology" — he was made a professor at the University of Berlin, most likely in recognition of this publication. In 1890, along with Arthur König, he founded the psychological journal "Zeitschrift für Physiologie und Psychologie der Sinnesorgane" ("The Psychology and Physiology of the Sense Organs'").In 1894, he was passed over for promotion to head of the philosophy department at Berlin, most likely due to his lack of publications. Instead, Carl Stumpf received the promotion. As a result of this, Ebbinghaus left to join the University of Breslau (now Wrocław, Poland), in a chair left open by Theodor Lipps (who took over Stumpf's position when he moved to Berlin). While in Breslau, he worked on a commission that studied how children's mental ability declined during the school day. While the specifics on how these mental abilities were measured have been lost, the successes achieved by the commission laid the groundwork for future intelligence testing. At Breslau, he again founded a psychological testing laboratory.In 1902, Ebbinghaus published his next piece of writing entitled "Die Grundzüge der Psychologie" ("Fundamentals of Psychology"). It was an instant success and continued to be long after his death. In 1904, he moved to Halle where he spent the last few years of his life. His last published work, "Abriss der Psychologie" ("Outline of Psychology") was published six years later, in 1908. This, too, continued to be a success, being re-released in eight different editions. Shortly after this publication, on February 26, 1909, Ebbinghaus died from pneumonia at the age of 59.Ebbinghaus was determined to show that higher mental processes could actually be studied using experimentation, which was in opposition to the popularly held thought of the time. To control for most potentially confounding variables, Ebbinghaus wanted to use simple acoustic encoding and maintenance rehearsal for which a list of words could have been used. As learning would be affected by prior knowledge and understanding, he needed something that could be easily memorized but which had no prior cognitive associations. Easily formable associations with regular words would interfere with his results, so he used items that would later be called "nonsense syllables" (also known as the CVC trigram). A nonsense syllable is a consonant-vowel-consonant combination, where the consonant does not repeat and the syllable does not have prior meaning. BOL (sounds like "Ball") and DOT (already a word) would then not be allowed. However, syllables such as DAX, BOK, and YAT would all be acceptable (though Ebbinghaus left no examples). After eliminating the meaning-laden syllables, Ebbinghaus ended up with 2,300 resultant syllables. Once he had created his collection of syllables, he would pull out a number of random syllables from a box and then write them down in a notebook. Then, to the regular sound of a metronome, and with the same voice inflection, he would read out the syllables, and attempt to recall them at the end of the procedure. One investigation alone required 15,000 recitations.It was later determined that humans impose meaning even on nonsense syllables to make them more meaningful. The nonsense syllable PED (which is the first three letters of the word "pedal") turns out to be less nonsensical than a syllable such as KOJ; the syllables are said to differ in association value. It appears that Ebbinghaus recognized this, and only referred to the strings of syllables as "nonsense" in that the syllables might be less likely to have a specific meaning and he should make no attempt to make associations with them for easier retrieval.There are several limitations to his work on memory. The most important one was that Ebbinghaus was the only subject in his study. This limited the study's generalizability to the population. Although he attempted to regulate his daily routine to maintain more control over his results, his decision to avoid the use of participants sacrificed the external validity of the study despite sound internal validity. In addition, although he tried to account for his personal influences, there is an inherent bias when someone serves as researcher as well as participant. Also, Ebbinghaus's memory research halted research in other, more complex matters of memory such as semantic and procedural memory and mnemonics.In 1885, he published his groundbreaking "Über das Gedächtnis" ("On Memory", later translated to English as "Memory. A Contribution to Experimental Psychology") in which he described experiments he conducted on himself to describe the processes of learning and forgetting.Ebbinghaus made several findings that are still relevant and supported to this day. First, Ebbinghaus made a set of 2,300 three letter syllables to measure mental associations that helped him find that memory is orderly. Second, and arguably his most famous finding, was the forgetting curve. The forgetting curve describes the exponential loss of information that one has learned. The sharpest decline occurs in the first twenty minutes and the decay is significant through the first hour. The curve levels off after about one day.The learning curve described by Ebbinghaus refers to how fast one learns information. The sharpest increase occurs after the first try and then gradually evens out, meaning that less and less new information is retained after each repetition. Like the forgetting curve, the learning curve is exponential. Ebbinghaus had also documented the serial position effect, which describes how the position of an item affects recall. The two main concepts in the serial position effect are recency and primacy. The recency effect describes the increased recall of the most recent information because it is still in the short-term memory. The primacy effect causes better memory of the first items in a list due to increased rehearsal and commitment to long-term memory.Another important discovery is that of savings. This refers to the amount of information retained in the subconscious even after this information cannot be consciously accessed. Ebbinghaus would memorize a list of items until perfect recall and then would not access the list until he could no longer recall any of its items. He then would relearn the list, and compare the new learning curve to the learning curve of his previous memorization of the list. The second list was generally memorized faster, and this difference between the two learning curves is what Ebbinghaus called "savings". Ebbinghaus also described the difference between involuntary and voluntary memory, the former occurring "with apparent spontaneity and without any act of the will" and the latter being brought "into consciousness by an exertion of the will".Prior to Ebbinghaus, most contributions to the study of memory were undertaken by philosophers and centered on observational description and speculation. For example, Immanuel Kant used pure description to discuss recognition and its components and Sir Francis Bacon claimed that the simple observation of the rote recollection of a previously learned list was "no use to the art" of memory. This dichotomy between descriptive and experimental study of memory would resonate later in Ebbinghaus's life, particularly in his public argument with former colleague Wilhelm Dilthey. However, more than a century before Ebbinghaus, Johann Andreas Segner invented the "Segner-wheel" to see the length of after-images by seeing how fast a wheel with a hot coal attached had to move for the red ember circle from the coal to appear complete. (see iconic memory)Ebbinghaus's effect on memory research was almost immediate. With very few works published on memory in the previous two millennia, Ebbinghaus's works spurred memory research in the United States in the 1890s, with 32 papers published in 1894 alone. This research was coupled with the growing development of mechanized mnemometers (an outdated mechanical device used for presenting a series of stimuli to be memorized).The reaction to his work in his day was mostly positive. Noted psychologist William James called the studies "heroic" and said that they were "the single most brilliant investigation in the history of psychology". Edward B. Titchener also mentioned that the studies were the greatest undertaking in the topic of memory since Aristotle.Ebbinghaus can also be credited with pioneering sentence completion exercises, which he developed in studying the abilities of schoolchildren. It was these same exercises that Alfred Binet had borrowed and incorporated into the Binet-Simon intelligence scale. Sentence completion had since then also been used extensively in memory research, especially in tapping into measures of implicit memory, and also has been used in psychotherapy as a tool to help tap into the motivations and drives of the patient. He had also influenced Charlotte Bühler, who along with Lev Vygotsky and others went on to study language meaning and society.Ebbinghaus is also largely credited with drafting the first standard research report. In his paper on memory, Ebbinghaus arranged his research into four sections: the introduction, the methods, the results, and a discussion section. The clarity and organization of this format was so impressive to contemporaries that it has now become standard in the discipline, and all research reports follow the same standards laid out by Ebbinghaus.After Ebbinghaus worked on memory, he also had a contribution with color vision. In 1890, Ebbinghaus came up with the double pyramid design where corners were rounded off.Unlike notable contemporaries like Titchener and James, Ebbinghaus did not promote any specific school of psychology nor was he known for extensive lifetime research, having done only three works. He never attempted to bestow upon himself the title of the pioneer of experimental psychology, did not seek to have any "disciples", and left the exploitation of the new field to others.In addition to pioneering experimental psychology, Ebbinghaus was also a strong defender of this direction of the new science, as is illustrated by his public dispute with University of Berlin colleague, Wilhelm Dilthey. Shortly after Ebbinghaus left Berlin in 1893, Dilthey published a paper extolling the virtues of descriptive psychology, and condemning experimental psychology as boring, claiming that the mind was too complex, and that introspection was the desired method of studying the mind. The debate at the time had been primarily whether psychology should aim to explain or understand the mind and whether it belonged to the natural or human sciences. Many had seen Dilthey's work as an outright attack on experimental psychology, Ebbinghaus included, and he responded to Dilthey with a personal letter and also a long scathing public article. Amongst his counterarguments against Dilthey he mentioned that it is inevitable for psychology to do hypothetical work and that the kind of psychology that Dilthey was attacking was the one that existed before Ebbinghaus's "experimental revolution". Charlotte Bühler echoed his words some forty years later, stating that people like Ebbinghaus "buried the old psychology in the 1890s". Ebbinghaus explained his scathing review by saying that he could not believe that Dilthey was advocating the status quo of structuralists like Wilhelm Wundt and Titchener and attempting to stifle psychology's progress.Some contemporary texts still describe Ebbinghaus as a philosopher rather than a psychologist and he had also spent his life as a professor of philosophy. However, Ebbinghaus himself would probably describe himself as a psychologist considering that he fought to have psychology viewed as a separate discipline from philosophy.There has been some speculation as to what influenced Ebbinghaus in his undertakings. None of his professors seem to have influenced him, nor are there suggestions that his colleagues affected him. Von Hartmann's work, on which Ebbinghaus based his doctorate, did suggest that higher mental processes were hidden from view, which may have spurred Ebbinghaus to attempt to prove otherwise. The one influence that has always been cited as having inspired Ebbinghaus was Gustav Fechner's two-volume "Elemente der Psychophysik." ("Elements of Psychophysics", 1860), a book which he purchased second-hand in England. It is said that the meticulous mathematical procedures impressed Ebbinghaus so much that he wanted to do for psychology what Fechner had done for psychophysics. This inspiration is also evident in that Ebbinghaus dedicated his second work "Principles of Psychology" to Fechner, signing it "I owe everything to you."
|
[
"University of Wrocław",
"Frederick William University"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team France men's national volleyball team in Feb, 1946?
|
February 08, 1946
|
{
"text": [
"René Verdier"
]
}
|
L2_Q1450705_P286_0
|
Laurent Tillie is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 2012 to Dec, 2022.
Jean-Michel Roche is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1995.
René Verdier is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1946 to Jan, 1947.
Gérard Castan is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1995.
Georges Komatov is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1983 to Sep, 1983.
Vladimir Kondra is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1999.
Nicolae Sotir is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1968.
Philippe Blain is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2012.
Marcel Mathoré is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1947 to Jan, 1965.
Éric Daniel is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1988.
Jean-Marc Buchel is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1985.
Georges Derose is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1968 to Jan, 1970.
Jean-Marie Fabiani is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1994.
|
France men's national volleyball teamThe France national men's volleyball team represents the country in international competitions and friendly matches. It is the reigning European Champion since 2015 and is ranked 10th (as of August 2016) in the FIVB world ranking. France have been competing in the World League ever since the inaugural edition in 1990 and continuously since 1999. In 2006 they finished second to Brazil but had their share of disappointment in subsequent seasons. In 2009 they narrowly missed making the Final Six, falling at the last hurdle to Argentina. They suffered another setback in 2010 when they again missed the finals and finished 12th.France competed in the Olympic Games for the fourth time in Rio 2016, finishing ninth. Their best ever Olympic performance was an eighth place in Seoul 1988.France in 2015 year winner gold medalist European Championship and World League. Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth placeThe following is the French roster in the 2019 Men's Nations League.Head coach: Laurent TillieThe table below shows the history of kit providers for the France national volleyball team.Primary sponsors include: main sponsors like Herbalife Nutrition, Generali other sponsors: Gerflor, L'Équipe, Française des Jeux lottery, Molten, Zamst, Moneaucristaline, Veinoplus, Appartcity, Herbalife International France and Pointp-tp.
|
[
"Éric Daniel",
"Jean-Marc Buchel",
"Vladimir Kondra",
"Georges Derose",
"Gérard Castan",
"Jean-Michel Roche",
"Jean-Marie Fabiani",
"Nicolae Sotir",
"Marcel Mathoré",
"Philippe Blain",
"Laurent Tillie",
"Georges Komatov"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team France men's national volleyball team in Mar, 1954?
|
March 23, 1954
|
{
"text": [
"Marcel Mathoré"
]
}
|
L2_Q1450705_P286_1
|
Nicolae Sotir is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1968.
Jean-Marie Fabiani is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1994.
Laurent Tillie is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 2012 to Dec, 2022.
Gérard Castan is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1995.
Georges Derose is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1968 to Jan, 1970.
Jean-Michel Roche is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1995.
Jean-Marc Buchel is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1985.
Vladimir Kondra is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1999.
Georges Komatov is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1983 to Sep, 1983.
Marcel Mathoré is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1947 to Jan, 1965.
Éric Daniel is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1988.
Philippe Blain is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2012.
René Verdier is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1946 to Jan, 1947.
|
France men's national volleyball teamThe France national men's volleyball team represents the country in international competitions and friendly matches. It is the reigning European Champion since 2015 and is ranked 10th (as of August 2016) in the FIVB world ranking. France have been competing in the World League ever since the inaugural edition in 1990 and continuously since 1999. In 2006 they finished second to Brazil but had their share of disappointment in subsequent seasons. In 2009 they narrowly missed making the Final Six, falling at the last hurdle to Argentina. They suffered another setback in 2010 when they again missed the finals and finished 12th.France competed in the Olympic Games for the fourth time in Rio 2016, finishing ninth. Their best ever Olympic performance was an eighth place in Seoul 1988.France in 2015 year winner gold medalist European Championship and World League. Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth placeThe following is the French roster in the 2019 Men's Nations League.Head coach: Laurent TillieThe table below shows the history of kit providers for the France national volleyball team.Primary sponsors include: main sponsors like Herbalife Nutrition, Generali other sponsors: Gerflor, L'Équipe, Française des Jeux lottery, Molten, Zamst, Moneaucristaline, Veinoplus, Appartcity, Herbalife International France and Pointp-tp.
|
[
"Éric Daniel",
"Jean-Marc Buchel",
"Vladimir Kondra",
"René Verdier",
"Georges Derose",
"Gérard Castan",
"Jean-Michel Roche",
"Jean-Marie Fabiani",
"Nicolae Sotir",
"Philippe Blain",
"Laurent Tillie",
"Georges Komatov"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team France men's national volleyball team in Nov, 1965?
|
November 02, 1965
|
{
"text": [
"Nicolae Sotir"
]
}
|
L2_Q1450705_P286_2
|
Jean-Michel Roche is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1995.
Marcel Mathoré is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1947 to Jan, 1965.
Gérard Castan is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1995.
Philippe Blain is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2012.
Jean-Marie Fabiani is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1994.
Nicolae Sotir is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1968.
Laurent Tillie is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 2012 to Dec, 2022.
René Verdier is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1946 to Jan, 1947.
Vladimir Kondra is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1999.
Georges Derose is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1968 to Jan, 1970.
Jean-Marc Buchel is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1985.
Georges Komatov is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1983 to Sep, 1983.
Éric Daniel is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1988.
|
France men's national volleyball teamThe France national men's volleyball team represents the country in international competitions and friendly matches. It is the reigning European Champion since 2015 and is ranked 10th (as of August 2016) in the FIVB world ranking. France have been competing in the World League ever since the inaugural edition in 1990 and continuously since 1999. In 2006 they finished second to Brazil but had their share of disappointment in subsequent seasons. In 2009 they narrowly missed making the Final Six, falling at the last hurdle to Argentina. They suffered another setback in 2010 when they again missed the finals and finished 12th.France competed in the Olympic Games for the fourth time in Rio 2016, finishing ninth. Their best ever Olympic performance was an eighth place in Seoul 1988.France in 2015 year winner gold medalist European Championship and World League. Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth placeThe following is the French roster in the 2019 Men's Nations League.Head coach: Laurent TillieThe table below shows the history of kit providers for the France national volleyball team.Primary sponsors include: main sponsors like Herbalife Nutrition, Generali other sponsors: Gerflor, L'Équipe, Française des Jeux lottery, Molten, Zamst, Moneaucristaline, Veinoplus, Appartcity, Herbalife International France and Pointp-tp.
|
[
"Éric Daniel",
"Jean-Marc Buchel",
"Vladimir Kondra",
"René Verdier",
"Georges Derose",
"Gérard Castan",
"Jean-Michel Roche",
"Jean-Marie Fabiani",
"Marcel Mathoré",
"Philippe Blain",
"Laurent Tillie",
"Georges Komatov"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team France men's national volleyball team in May, 1969?
|
May 20, 1969
|
{
"text": [
"Georges Derose"
]
}
|
L2_Q1450705_P286_3
|
Georges Derose is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1968 to Jan, 1970.
Jean-Marc Buchel is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1985.
Georges Komatov is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1983 to Sep, 1983.
Vladimir Kondra is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1999.
Nicolae Sotir is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1968.
Marcel Mathoré is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1947 to Jan, 1965.
René Verdier is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1946 to Jan, 1947.
Laurent Tillie is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 2012 to Dec, 2022.
Éric Daniel is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1988.
Gérard Castan is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1995.
Jean-Marie Fabiani is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1994.
Jean-Michel Roche is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1995.
Philippe Blain is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2012.
|
France men's national volleyball teamThe France national men's volleyball team represents the country in international competitions and friendly matches. It is the reigning European Champion since 2015 and is ranked 10th (as of August 2016) in the FIVB world ranking. France have been competing in the World League ever since the inaugural edition in 1990 and continuously since 1999. In 2006 they finished second to Brazil but had their share of disappointment in subsequent seasons. In 2009 they narrowly missed making the Final Six, falling at the last hurdle to Argentina. They suffered another setback in 2010 when they again missed the finals and finished 12th.France competed in the Olympic Games for the fourth time in Rio 2016, finishing ninth. Their best ever Olympic performance was an eighth place in Seoul 1988.France in 2015 year winner gold medalist European Championship and World League. Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth placeThe following is the French roster in the 2019 Men's Nations League.Head coach: Laurent TillieThe table below shows the history of kit providers for the France national volleyball team.Primary sponsors include: main sponsors like Herbalife Nutrition, Generali other sponsors: Gerflor, L'Équipe, Française des Jeux lottery, Molten, Zamst, Moneaucristaline, Veinoplus, Appartcity, Herbalife International France and Pointp-tp.
|
[
"Éric Daniel",
"Jean-Marc Buchel",
"Vladimir Kondra",
"René Verdier",
"Gérard Castan",
"Jean-Michel Roche",
"Jean-Marie Fabiani",
"Nicolae Sotir",
"Marcel Mathoré",
"Philippe Blain",
"Laurent Tillie",
"Georges Komatov"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team France men's national volleyball team in Jan, 1983?
|
January 19, 1983
|
{
"text": [
"Georges Komatov"
]
}
|
L2_Q1450705_P286_4
|
Jean-Marie Fabiani is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1994.
Éric Daniel is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1988.
Jean-Michel Roche is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1995.
Laurent Tillie is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 2012 to Dec, 2022.
Georges Komatov is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1983 to Sep, 1983.
Jean-Marc Buchel is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1985.
Nicolae Sotir is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1968.
Philippe Blain is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2012.
Marcel Mathoré is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1947 to Jan, 1965.
René Verdier is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1946 to Jan, 1947.
Georges Derose is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1968 to Jan, 1970.
Vladimir Kondra is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1999.
Gérard Castan is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1995.
|
France men's national volleyball teamThe France national men's volleyball team represents the country in international competitions and friendly matches. It is the reigning European Champion since 2015 and is ranked 10th (as of August 2016) in the FIVB world ranking. France have been competing in the World League ever since the inaugural edition in 1990 and continuously since 1999. In 2006 they finished second to Brazil but had their share of disappointment in subsequent seasons. In 2009 they narrowly missed making the Final Six, falling at the last hurdle to Argentina. They suffered another setback in 2010 when they again missed the finals and finished 12th.France competed in the Olympic Games for the fourth time in Rio 2016, finishing ninth. Their best ever Olympic performance was an eighth place in Seoul 1988.France in 2015 year winner gold medalist European Championship and World League. Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth placeThe following is the French roster in the 2019 Men's Nations League.Head coach: Laurent TillieThe table below shows the history of kit providers for the France national volleyball team.Primary sponsors include: main sponsors like Herbalife Nutrition, Generali other sponsors: Gerflor, L'Équipe, Française des Jeux lottery, Molten, Zamst, Moneaucristaline, Veinoplus, Appartcity, Herbalife International France and Pointp-tp.
|
[
"Éric Daniel",
"Jean-Marc Buchel",
"Vladimir Kondra",
"René Verdier",
"Georges Derose",
"Gérard Castan",
"Jean-Michel Roche",
"Jean-Marie Fabiani",
"Nicolae Sotir",
"Marcel Mathoré",
"Philippe Blain",
"Laurent Tillie"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team France men's national volleyball team in Nov, 1984?
|
November 26, 1984
|
{
"text": [
"Jean-Marc Buchel"
]
}
|
L2_Q1450705_P286_5
|
Georges Komatov is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1983 to Sep, 1983.
Jean-Marie Fabiani is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1994.
Philippe Blain is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2012.
Georges Derose is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1968 to Jan, 1970.
Jean-Marc Buchel is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1985.
Vladimir Kondra is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1999.
Laurent Tillie is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 2012 to Dec, 2022.
Nicolae Sotir is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1968.
René Verdier is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1946 to Jan, 1947.
Marcel Mathoré is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1947 to Jan, 1965.
Éric Daniel is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1988.
Gérard Castan is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1995.
Jean-Michel Roche is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1995.
|
France men's national volleyball teamThe France national men's volleyball team represents the country in international competitions and friendly matches. It is the reigning European Champion since 2015 and is ranked 10th (as of August 2016) in the FIVB world ranking. France have been competing in the World League ever since the inaugural edition in 1990 and continuously since 1999. In 2006 they finished second to Brazil but had their share of disappointment in subsequent seasons. In 2009 they narrowly missed making the Final Six, falling at the last hurdle to Argentina. They suffered another setback in 2010 when they again missed the finals and finished 12th.France competed in the Olympic Games for the fourth time in Rio 2016, finishing ninth. Their best ever Olympic performance was an eighth place in Seoul 1988.France in 2015 year winner gold medalist European Championship and World League. Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth placeThe following is the French roster in the 2019 Men's Nations League.Head coach: Laurent TillieThe table below shows the history of kit providers for the France national volleyball team.Primary sponsors include: main sponsors like Herbalife Nutrition, Generali other sponsors: Gerflor, L'Équipe, Française des Jeux lottery, Molten, Zamst, Moneaucristaline, Veinoplus, Appartcity, Herbalife International France and Pointp-tp.
|
[
"Éric Daniel",
"Vladimir Kondra",
"René Verdier",
"Georges Derose",
"Gérard Castan",
"Jean-Michel Roche",
"Jean-Marie Fabiani",
"Nicolae Sotir",
"Marcel Mathoré",
"Philippe Blain",
"Laurent Tillie",
"Georges Komatov"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team France men's national volleyball team in Aug, 1987?
|
August 10, 1987
|
{
"text": [
"Éric Daniel"
]
}
|
L2_Q1450705_P286_6
|
Éric Daniel is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1988.
Vladimir Kondra is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1999.
Jean-Marc Buchel is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1985.
Marcel Mathoré is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1947 to Jan, 1965.
Georges Derose is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1968 to Jan, 1970.
Philippe Blain is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2012.
Nicolae Sotir is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1968.
René Verdier is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1946 to Jan, 1947.
Georges Komatov is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1983 to Sep, 1983.
Laurent Tillie is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 2012 to Dec, 2022.
Gérard Castan is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1995.
Jean-Michel Roche is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1995.
Jean-Marie Fabiani is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1994.
|
France men's national volleyball teamThe France national men's volleyball team represents the country in international competitions and friendly matches. It is the reigning European Champion since 2015 and is ranked 10th (as of August 2016) in the FIVB world ranking. France have been competing in the World League ever since the inaugural edition in 1990 and continuously since 1999. In 2006 they finished second to Brazil but had their share of disappointment in subsequent seasons. In 2009 they narrowly missed making the Final Six, falling at the last hurdle to Argentina. They suffered another setback in 2010 when they again missed the finals and finished 12th.France competed in the Olympic Games for the fourth time in Rio 2016, finishing ninth. Their best ever Olympic performance was an eighth place in Seoul 1988.France in 2015 year winner gold medalist European Championship and World League. Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth placeThe following is the French roster in the 2019 Men's Nations League.Head coach: Laurent TillieThe table below shows the history of kit providers for the France national volleyball team.Primary sponsors include: main sponsors like Herbalife Nutrition, Generali other sponsors: Gerflor, L'Équipe, Française des Jeux lottery, Molten, Zamst, Moneaucristaline, Veinoplus, Appartcity, Herbalife International France and Pointp-tp.
|
[
"Jean-Marc Buchel",
"Vladimir Kondra",
"René Verdier",
"Georges Derose",
"Gérard Castan",
"Jean-Michel Roche",
"Jean-Marie Fabiani",
"Nicolae Sotir",
"Marcel Mathoré",
"Philippe Blain",
"Laurent Tillie",
"Georges Komatov"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team France men's national volleyball team in Jun, 1993?
|
June 07, 1993
|
{
"text": [
"Jean-Marie Fabiani"
]
}
|
L2_Q1450705_P286_7
|
Georges Komatov is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1983 to Sep, 1983.
Jean-Marie Fabiani is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1994.
Georges Derose is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1968 to Jan, 1970.
Jean-Marc Buchel is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1985.
Vladimir Kondra is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1999.
Jean-Michel Roche is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1995.
Gérard Castan is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1995.
Marcel Mathoré is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1947 to Jan, 1965.
René Verdier is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1946 to Jan, 1947.
Laurent Tillie is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 2012 to Dec, 2022.
Éric Daniel is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1988.
Nicolae Sotir is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1968.
Philippe Blain is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2012.
|
France men's national volleyball teamThe France national men's volleyball team represents the country in international competitions and friendly matches. It is the reigning European Champion since 2015 and is ranked 10th (as of August 2016) in the FIVB world ranking. France have been competing in the World League ever since the inaugural edition in 1990 and continuously since 1999. In 2006 they finished second to Brazil but had their share of disappointment in subsequent seasons. In 2009 they narrowly missed making the Final Six, falling at the last hurdle to Argentina. They suffered another setback in 2010 when they again missed the finals and finished 12th.France competed in the Olympic Games for the fourth time in Rio 2016, finishing ninth. Their best ever Olympic performance was an eighth place in Seoul 1988.France in 2015 year winner gold medalist European Championship and World League. Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth placeThe following is the French roster in the 2019 Men's Nations League.Head coach: Laurent TillieThe table below shows the history of kit providers for the France national volleyball team.Primary sponsors include: main sponsors like Herbalife Nutrition, Generali other sponsors: Gerflor, L'Équipe, Française des Jeux lottery, Molten, Zamst, Moneaucristaline, Veinoplus, Appartcity, Herbalife International France and Pointp-tp.
|
[
"Éric Daniel",
"Jean-Marc Buchel",
"Vladimir Kondra",
"René Verdier",
"Georges Derose",
"Gérard Castan",
"Jean-Michel Roche",
"Nicolae Sotir",
"Marcel Mathoré",
"Philippe Blain",
"Laurent Tillie",
"Georges Komatov"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team France men's national volleyball team in Apr, 1994?
|
April 05, 1994
|
{
"text": [
"Jean-Michel Roche"
]
}
|
L2_Q1450705_P286_8
|
Vladimir Kondra is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1999.
Jean-Marie Fabiani is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1994.
Laurent Tillie is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 2012 to Dec, 2022.
Jean-Marc Buchel is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1985.
Nicolae Sotir is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1968.
René Verdier is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1946 to Jan, 1947.
Marcel Mathoré is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1947 to Jan, 1965.
Georges Derose is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1968 to Jan, 1970.
Éric Daniel is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1988.
Georges Komatov is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1983 to Sep, 1983.
Philippe Blain is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2012.
Gérard Castan is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1995.
Jean-Michel Roche is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1995.
|
France men's national volleyball teamThe France national men's volleyball team represents the country in international competitions and friendly matches. It is the reigning European Champion since 2015 and is ranked 10th (as of August 2016) in the FIVB world ranking. France have been competing in the World League ever since the inaugural edition in 1990 and continuously since 1999. In 2006 they finished second to Brazil but had their share of disappointment in subsequent seasons. In 2009 they narrowly missed making the Final Six, falling at the last hurdle to Argentina. They suffered another setback in 2010 when they again missed the finals and finished 12th.France competed in the Olympic Games for the fourth time in Rio 2016, finishing ninth. Their best ever Olympic performance was an eighth place in Seoul 1988.France in 2015 year winner gold medalist European Championship and World League. Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth placeThe following is the French roster in the 2019 Men's Nations League.Head coach: Laurent TillieThe table below shows the history of kit providers for the France national volleyball team.Primary sponsors include: main sponsors like Herbalife Nutrition, Generali other sponsors: Gerflor, L'Équipe, Française des Jeux lottery, Molten, Zamst, Moneaucristaline, Veinoplus, Appartcity, Herbalife International France and Pointp-tp.
|
[
"Éric Daniel",
"Jean-Marc Buchel",
"Vladimir Kondra",
"René Verdier",
"Georges Derose",
"Gérard Castan",
"Jean-Marie Fabiani",
"Nicolae Sotir",
"Marcel Mathoré",
"Philippe Blain",
"Laurent Tillie",
"Georges Komatov"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team France men's national volleyball team in Jan, 1995?
|
January 01, 1995
|
{
"text": [
"Vladimir Kondra",
"Gérard Castan",
"Jean-Michel Roche"
]
}
|
L2_Q1450705_P286_9
|
Éric Daniel is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1988.
Georges Derose is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1968 to Jan, 1970.
René Verdier is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1946 to Jan, 1947.
Philippe Blain is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2012.
Laurent Tillie is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 2012 to Dec, 2022.
Nicolae Sotir is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1968.
Marcel Mathoré is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1947 to Jan, 1965.
Jean-Marie Fabiani is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1994.
Gérard Castan is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1995.
Jean-Marc Buchel is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1985.
Vladimir Kondra is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1999.
Jean-Michel Roche is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1995.
Georges Komatov is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1983 to Sep, 1983.
|
France men's national volleyball teamThe France national men's volleyball team represents the country in international competitions and friendly matches. It is the reigning European Champion since 2015 and is ranked 10th (as of August 2016) in the FIVB world ranking. France have been competing in the World League ever since the inaugural edition in 1990 and continuously since 1999. In 2006 they finished second to Brazil but had their share of disappointment in subsequent seasons. In 2009 they narrowly missed making the Final Six, falling at the last hurdle to Argentina. They suffered another setback in 2010 when they again missed the finals and finished 12th.France competed in the Olympic Games for the fourth time in Rio 2016, finishing ninth. Their best ever Olympic performance was an eighth place in Seoul 1988.France in 2015 year winner gold medalist European Championship and World League. Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth placeThe following is the French roster in the 2019 Men's Nations League.Head coach: Laurent TillieThe table below shows the history of kit providers for the France national volleyball team.Primary sponsors include: main sponsors like Herbalife Nutrition, Generali other sponsors: Gerflor, L'Équipe, Française des Jeux lottery, Molten, Zamst, Moneaucristaline, Veinoplus, Appartcity, Herbalife International France and Pointp-tp.
|
[
"Éric Daniel",
"Jean-Marc Buchel",
"René Verdier",
"Georges Derose",
"Georges Komatov",
"Jean-Marie Fabiani",
"Nicolae Sotir",
"Marcel Mathoré",
"Laurent Tillie",
"Philippe Blain",
"Éric Daniel",
"Jean-Marc Buchel",
"René Verdier",
"Georges Derose",
"Georges Komatov",
"Jean-Marie Fabiani",
"Nicolae Sotir",
"Marcel Mathoré",
"Laurent Tillie",
"Philippe Blain",
"Éric Daniel",
"Jean-Marc Buchel",
"René Verdier",
"Georges Derose",
"Georges Komatov",
"Jean-Marie Fabiani",
"Nicolae Sotir",
"Marcel Mathoré",
"Laurent Tillie",
"Philippe Blain"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team France men's national volleyball team in Mar, 1996?
|
March 29, 1996
|
{
"text": [
"Vladimir Kondra"
]
}
|
L2_Q1450705_P286_10
|
Georges Derose is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1968 to Jan, 1970.
Philippe Blain is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2012.
Éric Daniel is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1988.
Jean-Michel Roche is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1995.
Jean-Marie Fabiani is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1994.
Vladimir Kondra is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1999.
Gérard Castan is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1995.
René Verdier is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1946 to Jan, 1947.
Laurent Tillie is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 2012 to Dec, 2022.
Jean-Marc Buchel is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1985.
Marcel Mathoré is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1947 to Jan, 1965.
Georges Komatov is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1983 to Sep, 1983.
Nicolae Sotir is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1968.
|
France men's national volleyball teamThe France national men's volleyball team represents the country in international competitions and friendly matches. It is the reigning European Champion since 2015 and is ranked 10th (as of August 2016) in the FIVB world ranking. France have been competing in the World League ever since the inaugural edition in 1990 and continuously since 1999. In 2006 they finished second to Brazil but had their share of disappointment in subsequent seasons. In 2009 they narrowly missed making the Final Six, falling at the last hurdle to Argentina. They suffered another setback in 2010 when they again missed the finals and finished 12th.France competed in the Olympic Games for the fourth time in Rio 2016, finishing ninth. Their best ever Olympic performance was an eighth place in Seoul 1988.France in 2015 year winner gold medalist European Championship and World League. Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth placeThe following is the French roster in the 2019 Men's Nations League.Head coach: Laurent TillieThe table below shows the history of kit providers for the France national volleyball team.Primary sponsors include: main sponsors like Herbalife Nutrition, Generali other sponsors: Gerflor, L'Équipe, Française des Jeux lottery, Molten, Zamst, Moneaucristaline, Veinoplus, Appartcity, Herbalife International France and Pointp-tp.
|
[
"Éric Daniel",
"Jean-Marc Buchel",
"René Verdier",
"Georges Derose",
"Gérard Castan",
"Jean-Michel Roche",
"Jean-Marie Fabiani",
"Nicolae Sotir",
"Marcel Mathoré",
"Philippe Blain",
"Laurent Tillie",
"Georges Komatov"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team France men's national volleyball team in Dec, 2010?
|
December 04, 2010
|
{
"text": [
"Philippe Blain"
]
}
|
L2_Q1450705_P286_11
|
Jean-Marc Buchel is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1985.
Vladimir Kondra is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1999.
Éric Daniel is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1988.
Philippe Blain is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2012.
Georges Komatov is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1983 to Sep, 1983.
René Verdier is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1946 to Jan, 1947.
Nicolae Sotir is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1968.
Gérard Castan is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1995.
Jean-Marie Fabiani is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1994.
Marcel Mathoré is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1947 to Jan, 1965.
Jean-Michel Roche is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1995.
Laurent Tillie is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 2012 to Dec, 2022.
Georges Derose is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1968 to Jan, 1970.
|
France men's national volleyball teamThe France national men's volleyball team represents the country in international competitions and friendly matches. It is the reigning European Champion since 2015 and is ranked 10th (as of August 2016) in the FIVB world ranking. France have been competing in the World League ever since the inaugural edition in 1990 and continuously since 1999. In 2006 they finished second to Brazil but had their share of disappointment in subsequent seasons. In 2009 they narrowly missed making the Final Six, falling at the last hurdle to Argentina. They suffered another setback in 2010 when they again missed the finals and finished 12th.France competed in the Olympic Games for the fourth time in Rio 2016, finishing ninth. Their best ever Olympic performance was an eighth place in Seoul 1988.France in 2015 year winner gold medalist European Championship and World League. Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth placeThe following is the French roster in the 2019 Men's Nations League.Head coach: Laurent TillieThe table below shows the history of kit providers for the France national volleyball team.Primary sponsors include: main sponsors like Herbalife Nutrition, Generali other sponsors: Gerflor, L'Équipe, Française des Jeux lottery, Molten, Zamst, Moneaucristaline, Veinoplus, Appartcity, Herbalife International France and Pointp-tp.
|
[
"Éric Daniel",
"Jean-Marc Buchel",
"Vladimir Kondra",
"René Verdier",
"Georges Derose",
"Gérard Castan",
"Jean-Michel Roche",
"Jean-Marie Fabiani",
"Nicolae Sotir",
"Marcel Mathoré",
"Laurent Tillie",
"Georges Komatov"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team France men's national volleyball team in Jun, 2017?
|
June 22, 2017
|
{
"text": [
"Laurent Tillie"
]
}
|
L2_Q1450705_P286_12
|
Nicolae Sotir is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1968.
Gérard Castan is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1995.
Jean-Marie Fabiani is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1994.
Vladimir Kondra is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1999.
Laurent Tillie is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 2012 to Dec, 2022.
Jean-Michel Roche is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1995.
René Verdier is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1946 to Jan, 1947.
Philippe Blain is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2012.
Marcel Mathoré is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1947 to Jan, 1965.
Georges Derose is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1968 to Jan, 1970.
Georges Komatov is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1983 to Sep, 1983.
Jean-Marc Buchel is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1985.
Éric Daniel is the head coach of France men's national volleyball team from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1988.
|
France men's national volleyball teamThe France national men's volleyball team represents the country in international competitions and friendly matches. It is the reigning European Champion since 2015 and is ranked 10th (as of August 2016) in the FIVB world ranking. France have been competing in the World League ever since the inaugural edition in 1990 and continuously since 1999. In 2006 they finished second to Brazil but had their share of disappointment in subsequent seasons. In 2009 they narrowly missed making the Final Six, falling at the last hurdle to Argentina. They suffered another setback in 2010 when they again missed the finals and finished 12th.France competed in the Olympic Games for the fourth time in Rio 2016, finishing ninth. Their best ever Olympic performance was an eighth place in Seoul 1988.France in 2015 year winner gold medalist European Championship and World League. Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth place Champions Runners up Third place Fourth placeThe following is the French roster in the 2019 Men's Nations League.Head coach: Laurent TillieThe table below shows the history of kit providers for the France national volleyball team.Primary sponsors include: main sponsors like Herbalife Nutrition, Generali other sponsors: Gerflor, L'Équipe, Française des Jeux lottery, Molten, Zamst, Moneaucristaline, Veinoplus, Appartcity, Herbalife International France and Pointp-tp.
|
[
"Éric Daniel",
"Jean-Marc Buchel",
"Vladimir Kondra",
"René Verdier",
"Georges Derose",
"Gérard Castan",
"Jean-Michel Roche",
"Jean-Marie Fabiani",
"Nicolae Sotir",
"Marcel Mathoré",
"Philippe Blain",
"Georges Komatov"
] |
|
Which position did George Windsor-Clive hold in Jul, 1923?
|
July 08, 1923
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 32nd Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
}
|
L2_Q15526558_P39_0
|
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 36th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1931 to Oct, 1935.
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 33rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Dec, 1923 to Oct, 1924.
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 35th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1929 to Oct, 1931.
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 37th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Nov, 1935 to Jun, 1945.
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 34th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1924 to May, 1929.
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 32nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Apr, 1923 to Nov, 1923.
|
George Windsor-Clive (politician, born 1878)Lieutenant-Colonel George Windsor-Clive (6 April 1878 – 25 June 1968) was a Conservative Party politician elected as the Member of Parliament for Ludlow between 1923 and 1945.He was the son of Lt.-Col. Hon. George Herbert Windsor-Clive and Hon. Gertrude Albertina Trefusis.
|
[
"Member of the 34th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 35th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 33rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 37th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 36th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did George Windsor-Clive hold in Jul, 1924?
|
July 26, 1924
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 33rd Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
}
|
L2_Q15526558_P39_1
|
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 35th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1929 to Oct, 1931.
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 37th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Nov, 1935 to Jun, 1945.
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 34th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1924 to May, 1929.
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 32nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Apr, 1923 to Nov, 1923.
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 33rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Dec, 1923 to Oct, 1924.
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 36th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1931 to Oct, 1935.
|
George Windsor-Clive (politician, born 1878)Lieutenant-Colonel George Windsor-Clive (6 April 1878 – 25 June 1968) was a Conservative Party politician elected as the Member of Parliament for Ludlow between 1923 and 1945.He was the son of Lt.-Col. Hon. George Herbert Windsor-Clive and Hon. Gertrude Albertina Trefusis.
|
[
"Member of the 34th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 32nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 35th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 37th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 36th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did George Windsor-Clive hold in Nov, 1924?
|
November 03, 1924
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 34th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
}
|
L2_Q15526558_P39_2
|
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 34th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1924 to May, 1929.
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 36th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1931 to Oct, 1935.
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 37th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Nov, 1935 to Jun, 1945.
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 32nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Apr, 1923 to Nov, 1923.
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 35th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1929 to Oct, 1931.
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 33rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Dec, 1923 to Oct, 1924.
|
George Windsor-Clive (politician, born 1878)Lieutenant-Colonel George Windsor-Clive (6 April 1878 – 25 June 1968) was a Conservative Party politician elected as the Member of Parliament for Ludlow between 1923 and 1945.He was the son of Lt.-Col. Hon. George Herbert Windsor-Clive and Hon. Gertrude Albertina Trefusis.
|
[
"Member of the 32nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 35th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 33rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 37th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 36th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did George Windsor-Clive hold in Oct, 1930?
|
October 09, 1930
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 35th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
}
|
L2_Q15526558_P39_3
|
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 34th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1924 to May, 1929.
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 32nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Apr, 1923 to Nov, 1923.
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 36th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1931 to Oct, 1935.
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 35th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1929 to Oct, 1931.
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 33rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Dec, 1923 to Oct, 1924.
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 37th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Nov, 1935 to Jun, 1945.
|
George Windsor-Clive (politician, born 1878)Lieutenant-Colonel George Windsor-Clive (6 April 1878 – 25 June 1968) was a Conservative Party politician elected as the Member of Parliament for Ludlow between 1923 and 1945.He was the son of Lt.-Col. Hon. George Herbert Windsor-Clive and Hon. Gertrude Albertina Trefusis.
|
[
"Member of the 34th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 32nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 33rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 37th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 36th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did George Windsor-Clive hold in Oct, 1933?
|
October 10, 1933
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 36th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
}
|
L2_Q15526558_P39_4
|
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 36th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1931 to Oct, 1935.
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 35th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1929 to Oct, 1931.
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 34th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1924 to May, 1929.
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 37th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Nov, 1935 to Jun, 1945.
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 33rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Dec, 1923 to Oct, 1924.
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 32nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Apr, 1923 to Nov, 1923.
|
George Windsor-Clive (politician, born 1878)Lieutenant-Colonel George Windsor-Clive (6 April 1878 – 25 June 1968) was a Conservative Party politician elected as the Member of Parliament for Ludlow between 1923 and 1945.He was the son of Lt.-Col. Hon. George Herbert Windsor-Clive and Hon. Gertrude Albertina Trefusis.
|
[
"Member of the 34th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 32nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 35th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 33rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 37th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
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Which position did George Windsor-Clive hold in Jan, 1942?
|
January 09, 1942
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 37th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
}
|
L2_Q15526558_P39_5
|
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 32nd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Apr, 1923 to Nov, 1923.
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 36th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1931 to Oct, 1935.
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 33rd Parliament of the United Kingdom from Dec, 1923 to Oct, 1924.
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 37th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Nov, 1935 to Jun, 1945.
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 35th Parliament of the United Kingdom from May, 1929 to Oct, 1931.
George Windsor-Clive holds the position of Member of the 34th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1924 to May, 1929.
|
George Windsor-Clive (politician, born 1878)Lieutenant-Colonel George Windsor-Clive (6 April 1878 – 25 June 1968) was a Conservative Party politician elected as the Member of Parliament for Ludlow between 1923 and 1945.He was the son of Lt.-Col. Hon. George Herbert Windsor-Clive and Hon. Gertrude Albertina Trefusis.
|
[
"Member of the 34th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 32nd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 35th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 33rd Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 36th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Who was the head of Miskolc in Mar, 1933?
|
March 08, 1933
|
{
"text": [
"Sándor Hodobay"
]
}
|
L2_Q102397_P6_0
|
Ákos Kriza is the head of the government of Miskolc from Oct, 2010 to Oct, 2019.
Sándor Hodobay is the head of the government of Miskolc from Jan, 1922 to Jan, 1935.
Pál Veres is the head of the government of Miskolc from Oct, 2019 to Dec, 2022.
|
MiskolcMiskolc ( , , ; Czech and ; ; ; ) is a city in northeastern Hungary, known for its heavy industry. With a population of 161,265 (1 Jan 2014) Miskolc is the fourth largest city in Hungary (behind Budapest, Debrecen, and Szeged). It is also the county capital of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén and the regional centre of Northern Hungary.The name derives from "Miško", Slavic form of Michael. "Miškovec" → "Miskolc" with the same development as "Lipovec" → "Lipólc", "Lipóc". The name is associated with the Miskolc clan (also Miskóc or Myscouch, Slovak Miškovec, plural Miškovci) named after the settlement or vice versa. Earliest mentions are "que nunc vocatur Miscoucy" (around 1200), "de Myschouch" (1225), "Ponyt de genere Myscouch" (1230), "in Miscovcy" (1245).The city lies at the meeting point of different geographical regions – east from the Bükk mountains, in the valley of the river Sajó and the streams Hejő and Szinva. According to the 2001 Census the city has a total area of . The ground level slopes gradually; the difference between the highest and lowest area is about .The lowest areas are the banks of the river Sajó, with an altitude of . The area belongs to the Great Plain region and is made up of sedimentary rocks. Between the Avas hill and Diósgyőr lies the hilly area of the "Lower Bükk" () consisting of sandstone, marl, clay, layers of coal, from the tertiary period, and volcanic rocks from the Miocene.The "Central Bükk", a gently sloping mountainous area with an altitude between , is situated between Diósgyőr and Lillafüred; the area is made up of limestone, slate, dolomite and other rocks from the Triassic period. The surface was formed mostly by karstic erosions.The highest area, the high "Higher Bükk" bore "Bükk Highlands" begin at Lillafüred. This mostly consists of sea sediments (limestone, slate, dolomite) from the Paleozoic and Mesozoic, and volcanic rocks like diabase and porphyry. Several caves can be found in the area. The city is also known for lowest measured temperature ever in Hungary with .Summers are fresh but sometimes warm and humid in Miskolc. Daytime temperatures of or higher are commonplace. Snow and ice are dominant during the winter season. Miskolc receives about 120 centimetres of snowfall annually. Days below freezing and nights below both occur in the winter.The area has been inhabited since ancient times – archaeological findings date back to the Paleolithic, proving human presence for over 70,000 years . Its first known dwellers were the Cotini, one of the Celt tribes. The area has been occupied by Hungarians since the "Conquest" in the late 9th century. It was first mentioned by this name around 1210 AD. The Miskóc clan lost their power when King Charles I centralized his power by curbing the power of the oligarchs.Miskolc was elevated to the rank of oppidum (market town) in 1365 by King Louis I. He also had the castle of the nearby town Diósgyőr (now a district of Miskolc) transformed into a Gothic fortress. The city developed in a dynamic way, but during the Ottoman occupation of most of Hungary the development of Miskolc was brought to a standstill. The Turks took Miskolc in 1544 and the city prospered further until 1687. It was also ruled by Ottomans after Battle of Mezőkeresztes in 1596 as part of Eyalet of Egir until 1687. It was during these years that Miskolc became an important centre of wine-growing. By the end of the 17th century the population of the city was as large as that of Kassa/Košice, and 13 guilds had been founded.During the war of independence against Habsburg rule in the early 18th century, Prince Francis II Rákóczi, the leader of the Hungarians put his headquarters in Miskolc. The imperial forces sacked and burnt the city in 1707. Four years later half of the population fell victim of a cholera epidemic. Miskolc recovered quickly, and another age of prosperity began again. In 1724, Miskolc was chosen to be the city where the county hall of Borsod county would be built. Many other significant buildings were built in the 18th and 19th centuries, including the city hall, schools such as Lévay József Református Gimnázium és Diákotthon, churches, the synagogue, and the theatre. The theatre is commonly regarded as the first stone-built theatre of Hungary, although the first one was actually built in Kolozsvár (then a part of Hungary, now Cluj-Napoca, Romania). According to the first nationally held census (1786) the city had a population of 14,719, and 2,414 houses.These years brought prosperity, but the cholera epidemic of 1873 and the flood of 1878 took many lives. Several buildings were destroyed by the flood, but bigger and grander buildings were built in their places. World War I did not affect the city directly, but many people died, either from warfare or from the cholera epidemic. It was occupied by Czechoslovak troops between 1918 and 1919 after the First World War.After the Treaty of Trianon, Hungary lost Kassa (today Košice, Slovakia) and Miskolc became the sole regional center of northern Hungary. This was one of the reasons for the enormous growth of the city during the 1930s and 1940s.Early in World War II Hungary became an ally of Nazi Germany. Unhappy with the Hungarian government, German troops occupied Hungary on March 19, 1944 and put the anti-semitic Arrow Cross Party in charge of the government. Jews in Miskolc and elsewhere were ordered to wear yellow stars on their clothing. Under the supervision of Nazi SS-"Obersturmbannführer" Adolf Eichmann"," "deportations" from Miskolc began on June 11 or 12th, 1944. Over 14,000 Jewish adults and children were sent by cattle car to Auschwitz, where most were gassed on arrival. After the war Jews who survived the holocaust returned to Miskolc hoping to reclaim their land and possessions. Over 130 were rounded up by members of the local Arrow Cross Party and summarily murdered. The Jewish cemetery on a hill overlooking Miskolc has a memorial for them. It includes the 10 commandments, carved in stone, all written in Hebrew except "Thou shall not kill," which is written in Hungarian.The preparation for World War II established Miskolc as the national centre of heavy industry, a position the city maintained until the 1990s. Although Miskolc suffered a lot during the last year of the war, it recovered quickly, and by absorbing the surrounding villages, it became the second-largest city of Hungary with more than 200,000 inhabitants.On July 30 and August 1, 1946, the Miskolc pogrom led to death of one accused Jewish black marketeer, the wounding of another, and subsequently the death of a Jewish policeman. Economic hardship and anti-Semitism motivated the riots.In 1949, the University of Miskolc was founded (as a successor of the "Academy of Mining", formerly in Selmecbánya, which is now Banská Štiavnica, Slovakia).During its long history Miskolc survived fires, floods, plagues and foreign invasions, but maintained its position as the centre of northeastern Hungary. The 1990s brought a crisis in the iron industry with a decline in the population.Miskolc is now trying to become known as a cultural – instead of merely an industrial – city. Among the various cultural events, one of the most important festivities is the International Opera Festival, held in every summer.Tourist destinations in Miskolc include Tapolca, Lillafüred and Felsőhámor. Tapolca has a park with a boating pond and the unique Cave Bath. Lillafüred and Felsőhámor are pretty villages in a valley surrounded by mountains and forests; their sights include the Hotel Palace on the shore of the Lake Hámori, the Szinva waterfall (the highest waterfall of the country), the Anna Cave and the István Cave.The population (around 1910) is multidenominational and multiethnical, and the differences in the level of education mirrors the stratification of society, following these facts. http://mek.oszk.hu/16900/16992Miskolc is generally thought of as an industrial city, and the largest boost to its economy was indeed provided by the industrialization during the Socialist era; in fact industry (including metallurgy) has a long history in the city.Miskolc was already an important market town in the Middle Ages, mostly due to its proximity to the main trade routes of the region. In regards of the economy, real development started only after the Ottoman occupation. In the 18th century, the town already had a lumber mill, a paper manufacture, a brewery, a gunpowder factory and fifteen mills on the Szinva stream. The glass works manufactures and iron furnaces appeared in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The first iron furnace, built by Henrik Fazola around 1770, did not survive, but the second one, built in 1813, can still be visited. Several new settlements were formed in the Bükk mountains to provide dwellings for the workers of glass works manufactures and furnaces. Many of them – including Alsóhámor, Felsőhámor, Ómassa and Bükkszentlászló – are now parts of Miskolc.Development quickened from the second half of the 19th century, partly because of the political situation (after the Ausgleich) and partly because of the newly constructed railway line. A large furnace (second largest in the country) was built in Diósgyőr, and several other factories were built. The mining industry became more and more important, too. Within forty years the population doubled. The industrialization led to the forming of "Greater Miskolc" with the unification of Miskolc and Diósgyőr (1945) and several nearby towns and villages (between 1950 and 1981). The unification was only the first step in Miskolc being developed into an industrial centre. Development reached its highest point in the 1980s, when the metal factory had more than 18,000 workers and production was over one million tons per year. The population hit all-time record (over 200,000 inhabitants), ⅔ of the working people worked in heavy industry.The economic recession after the end of the Socialist era hit the industrial cities of Northern Hungary the hardest. The unemployment rate rose until it became one of the highest in the country, the population of Miskolc dramatically decreased (not only because of unemployment though, but also due to suburbanization which became prevalent nationwide). The economic situation of the city went through a change, smaller enterprises appeared in place of the large state-owned companies.By the early 2000s the decade of changes was over, and the city went through the recession successfully. International companies and supermarkets appeared in the area. The local government is trying to strengthen the city's role in culture and tourism. By the end of 2004, the highway M3 had reached the city.The most popular sport in Miskolc is football. The leading club of the city is Diósgyőri VTK (short name: DVTK). They have won the Hungarian Cup several times and represented Hungary many times in Europe. The capacity of the stadium, DVTK Stadion, is 26,000 (15,000 of which are in use), but it is now in poor condition due to decay, except for the new grandstand. The new board plans to build a new 15,000-seater stadium with under-soil heating and fully covered stands.The other team, Miskolci VSC, plays in the county division. Miskolc has got other former first division representatives, namely Miskolci Attila (seven seasons at the highest level), and Perecesi TK (one).Miskolc's most successful women's basketball team, DKSK Miskolc MISI, has won the National Cup twice.The DVTK Jegesmedvék ice hockey team plays in the Slovak-based Tipsport Liga. The team's home rink, Miskolc Ice Hall, is in the People's Garden downtown. It has 1 304 seats, a total capacity of 2 200, and opened in 2006.The women's volleyball team of MVSC also plays at the highest Hungarian level.Speedway Miskolc joined the Polish Second League in 2005 and achieved serious results. They won the 2007 European Speedway Club Champions' Cup with World champion Jason Crump.The Avas is a hill () in the heart of Miskolc. On the hilltop stands the Avas lookout tower, the symbol of the city. On the northern part of the hill, close to downtown Erzsébet Square, is the Gothic Protestant Church of Avas, one of the two oldest buildings of Miskolc (the other is the Castle of Diósgyőr.) The limestone caves of Avas are used as wine cellars; the narrow, winding streets give a Mediterranean atmosphere to this part of Avas Hill. The southern part of Avas, also called Avas-South, is where the largest housing estate of the city stands, with 10-story Socialist-style concrete buildings providing homes for about one-third of the city's population.Miskolc's city centre is not as rich in monuments as that of other cities; only the Main Street (Széchenyi St.), "Városház tér" (City Hall Square) and "Erzsébet tér" (Elizabeth Square) have preserved the 19th-century style of the town. There are not only historical buildings but also modern shopping malls and offices in the city centre.The other town forming today's Greater Miskolc is mostly famous for its medieval castle. Miskolc's football team also got its name from Diósgyőr, since their stadium stands there. Historical Diósgyőr is connected to Historical Miskolc by a district called "Új(diós)győr" (Újgyőr); its main square is an important traffic hub. Also in Új(diós)győr "(Diósgyőr-Vasgyár)" stands the steel factory that made Miskolc the most important heavy industrial city of Hungary (and earned it the nickname "Steel City"). Diósgyőri Gimnázium also stands in this district.The University of Miskolc is among the newer ones. It was founded in the 1950s, so its buildings are not old, historical ones. University Town is one of the newer parts of the city and can be found between Miskolc and the holiday resort Miskolctapolca. The university, the campus, and the sport facilities are surrounded by a large park.Two former villages that were annexed to the city in 1945 and 1950. Görömböly still looks like a small town of its own.Another holiday resort, Miskolc-Lillafüred, is a village surrounded by the Bükk mountains. Its most notable building is the Palace Hotel (Palotaszálló).Martin-Kertváros (in Slovak: Martinská osada) is a suburban area.One of the most well-known holiday resorts in the country, Tapolca (officially Miskolctapolca or Miskolc-Tapolca to avoid confusion with the Transdanubian town of the same name) is the home of the unique Cave Bath, a natural cave with thermal water. Tapolca is quite far from the city centre and counts as one of the posh areas of Miskolc. It is a popular tourist attraction.These former villages were annexed to the city in 1950 (Bükkszentlászló in 1981) and are still separated villages, connected to the city only by its public transport system.There is a narrow-gauge railway that connects Lillafüred to Miskolc known as the Lillafüredi Állami Erdei Vasút (Lillafüred Forest State Railway). It winds through scenic forests, and takes between a half hour and 45 minutes for the train to go between the two major stops. The Miskolc stop is located in Diósgyőr.Public transport in Miskolc is provided by the company "MVK Zrt.", owned by the local government. There are 36 bus lines and 2 tram lines. The first tram entered service on July 10, 1897 (making Miskolc the third city in Hungary to have a tram line), the first scheduled bus line started on June 8, 1903 (first in the country as well.) Today the public transport of Miskolc is one of the best ones in Hungary. There are several taxi companies too.The Lillafüred Forest Train connects Diósgyőr to Lillafüred. It is mainly a tourist attraction.The city has two railway stations (Tiszai and Gömöri) and a small unpaved airport, which is not open to the public, used mainly as a sports facility and has no role in public transport since 1963.The current mayor of Miskolc is Pál Veres (Independent).The local Municipal Assembly, elected at the 2019 local government elections, is made up of 28 members (1 Mayor, 19 Individual constituencies MEPs and 8 Compensation List MEPs) divided into this political parties and alliances:List of City Mayors from 1990:Including people born in Miskolc as well as in Diósgyőr and other city parts that were independent towns at the time of their birth.Miskolc is twinned with:
|
[
"Ákos Kriza",
"Pál Veres"
] |
|
Who was the head of Miskolc in Sep, 2013?
|
September 20, 2013
|
{
"text": [
"Ákos Kriza"
]
}
|
L2_Q102397_P6_1
|
Sándor Hodobay is the head of the government of Miskolc from Jan, 1922 to Jan, 1935.
Pál Veres is the head of the government of Miskolc from Oct, 2019 to Dec, 2022.
Ákos Kriza is the head of the government of Miskolc from Oct, 2010 to Oct, 2019.
|
MiskolcMiskolc ( , , ; Czech and ; ; ; ) is a city in northeastern Hungary, known for its heavy industry. With a population of 161,265 (1 Jan 2014) Miskolc is the fourth largest city in Hungary (behind Budapest, Debrecen, and Szeged). It is also the county capital of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén and the regional centre of Northern Hungary.The name derives from "Miško", Slavic form of Michael. "Miškovec" → "Miskolc" with the same development as "Lipovec" → "Lipólc", "Lipóc". The name is associated with the Miskolc clan (also Miskóc or Myscouch, Slovak Miškovec, plural Miškovci) named after the settlement or vice versa. Earliest mentions are "que nunc vocatur Miscoucy" (around 1200), "de Myschouch" (1225), "Ponyt de genere Myscouch" (1230), "in Miscovcy" (1245).The city lies at the meeting point of different geographical regions – east from the Bükk mountains, in the valley of the river Sajó and the streams Hejő and Szinva. According to the 2001 Census the city has a total area of . The ground level slopes gradually; the difference between the highest and lowest area is about .The lowest areas are the banks of the river Sajó, with an altitude of . The area belongs to the Great Plain region and is made up of sedimentary rocks. Between the Avas hill and Diósgyőr lies the hilly area of the "Lower Bükk" () consisting of sandstone, marl, clay, layers of coal, from the tertiary period, and volcanic rocks from the Miocene.The "Central Bükk", a gently sloping mountainous area with an altitude between , is situated between Diósgyőr and Lillafüred; the area is made up of limestone, slate, dolomite and other rocks from the Triassic period. The surface was formed mostly by karstic erosions.The highest area, the high "Higher Bükk" bore "Bükk Highlands" begin at Lillafüred. This mostly consists of sea sediments (limestone, slate, dolomite) from the Paleozoic and Mesozoic, and volcanic rocks like diabase and porphyry. Several caves can be found in the area. The city is also known for lowest measured temperature ever in Hungary with .Summers are fresh but sometimes warm and humid in Miskolc. Daytime temperatures of or higher are commonplace. Snow and ice are dominant during the winter season. Miskolc receives about 120 centimetres of snowfall annually. Days below freezing and nights below both occur in the winter.The area has been inhabited since ancient times – archaeological findings date back to the Paleolithic, proving human presence for over 70,000 years . Its first known dwellers were the Cotini, one of the Celt tribes. The area has been occupied by Hungarians since the "Conquest" in the late 9th century. It was first mentioned by this name around 1210 AD. The Miskóc clan lost their power when King Charles I centralized his power by curbing the power of the oligarchs.Miskolc was elevated to the rank of oppidum (market town) in 1365 by King Louis I. He also had the castle of the nearby town Diósgyőr (now a district of Miskolc) transformed into a Gothic fortress. The city developed in a dynamic way, but during the Ottoman occupation of most of Hungary the development of Miskolc was brought to a standstill. The Turks took Miskolc in 1544 and the city prospered further until 1687. It was also ruled by Ottomans after Battle of Mezőkeresztes in 1596 as part of Eyalet of Egir until 1687. It was during these years that Miskolc became an important centre of wine-growing. By the end of the 17th century the population of the city was as large as that of Kassa/Košice, and 13 guilds had been founded.During the war of independence against Habsburg rule in the early 18th century, Prince Francis II Rákóczi, the leader of the Hungarians put his headquarters in Miskolc. The imperial forces sacked and burnt the city in 1707. Four years later half of the population fell victim of a cholera epidemic. Miskolc recovered quickly, and another age of prosperity began again. In 1724, Miskolc was chosen to be the city where the county hall of Borsod county would be built. Many other significant buildings were built in the 18th and 19th centuries, including the city hall, schools such as Lévay József Református Gimnázium és Diákotthon, churches, the synagogue, and the theatre. The theatre is commonly regarded as the first stone-built theatre of Hungary, although the first one was actually built in Kolozsvár (then a part of Hungary, now Cluj-Napoca, Romania). According to the first nationally held census (1786) the city had a population of 14,719, and 2,414 houses.These years brought prosperity, but the cholera epidemic of 1873 and the flood of 1878 took many lives. Several buildings were destroyed by the flood, but bigger and grander buildings were built in their places. World War I did not affect the city directly, but many people died, either from warfare or from the cholera epidemic. It was occupied by Czechoslovak troops between 1918 and 1919 after the First World War.After the Treaty of Trianon, Hungary lost Kassa (today Košice, Slovakia) and Miskolc became the sole regional center of northern Hungary. This was one of the reasons for the enormous growth of the city during the 1930s and 1940s.Early in World War II Hungary became an ally of Nazi Germany. Unhappy with the Hungarian government, German troops occupied Hungary on March 19, 1944 and put the anti-semitic Arrow Cross Party in charge of the government. Jews in Miskolc and elsewhere were ordered to wear yellow stars on their clothing. Under the supervision of Nazi SS-"Obersturmbannführer" Adolf Eichmann"," "deportations" from Miskolc began on June 11 or 12th, 1944. Over 14,000 Jewish adults and children were sent by cattle car to Auschwitz, where most were gassed on arrival. After the war Jews who survived the holocaust returned to Miskolc hoping to reclaim their land and possessions. Over 130 were rounded up by members of the local Arrow Cross Party and summarily murdered. The Jewish cemetery on a hill overlooking Miskolc has a memorial for them. It includes the 10 commandments, carved in stone, all written in Hebrew except "Thou shall not kill," which is written in Hungarian.The preparation for World War II established Miskolc as the national centre of heavy industry, a position the city maintained until the 1990s. Although Miskolc suffered a lot during the last year of the war, it recovered quickly, and by absorbing the surrounding villages, it became the second-largest city of Hungary with more than 200,000 inhabitants.On July 30 and August 1, 1946, the Miskolc pogrom led to death of one accused Jewish black marketeer, the wounding of another, and subsequently the death of a Jewish policeman. Economic hardship and anti-Semitism motivated the riots.In 1949, the University of Miskolc was founded (as a successor of the "Academy of Mining", formerly in Selmecbánya, which is now Banská Štiavnica, Slovakia).During its long history Miskolc survived fires, floods, plagues and foreign invasions, but maintained its position as the centre of northeastern Hungary. The 1990s brought a crisis in the iron industry with a decline in the population.Miskolc is now trying to become known as a cultural – instead of merely an industrial – city. Among the various cultural events, one of the most important festivities is the International Opera Festival, held in every summer.Tourist destinations in Miskolc include Tapolca, Lillafüred and Felsőhámor. Tapolca has a park with a boating pond and the unique Cave Bath. Lillafüred and Felsőhámor are pretty villages in a valley surrounded by mountains and forests; their sights include the Hotel Palace on the shore of the Lake Hámori, the Szinva waterfall (the highest waterfall of the country), the Anna Cave and the István Cave.The population (around 1910) is multidenominational and multiethnical, and the differences in the level of education mirrors the stratification of society, following these facts. http://mek.oszk.hu/16900/16992Miskolc is generally thought of as an industrial city, and the largest boost to its economy was indeed provided by the industrialization during the Socialist era; in fact industry (including metallurgy) has a long history in the city.Miskolc was already an important market town in the Middle Ages, mostly due to its proximity to the main trade routes of the region. In regards of the economy, real development started only after the Ottoman occupation. In the 18th century, the town already had a lumber mill, a paper manufacture, a brewery, a gunpowder factory and fifteen mills on the Szinva stream. The glass works manufactures and iron furnaces appeared in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The first iron furnace, built by Henrik Fazola around 1770, did not survive, but the second one, built in 1813, can still be visited. Several new settlements were formed in the Bükk mountains to provide dwellings for the workers of glass works manufactures and furnaces. Many of them – including Alsóhámor, Felsőhámor, Ómassa and Bükkszentlászló – are now parts of Miskolc.Development quickened from the second half of the 19th century, partly because of the political situation (after the Ausgleich) and partly because of the newly constructed railway line. A large furnace (second largest in the country) was built in Diósgyőr, and several other factories were built. The mining industry became more and more important, too. Within forty years the population doubled. The industrialization led to the forming of "Greater Miskolc" with the unification of Miskolc and Diósgyőr (1945) and several nearby towns and villages (between 1950 and 1981). The unification was only the first step in Miskolc being developed into an industrial centre. Development reached its highest point in the 1980s, when the metal factory had more than 18,000 workers and production was over one million tons per year. The population hit all-time record (over 200,000 inhabitants), ⅔ of the working people worked in heavy industry.The economic recession after the end of the Socialist era hit the industrial cities of Northern Hungary the hardest. The unemployment rate rose until it became one of the highest in the country, the population of Miskolc dramatically decreased (not only because of unemployment though, but also due to suburbanization which became prevalent nationwide). The economic situation of the city went through a change, smaller enterprises appeared in place of the large state-owned companies.By the early 2000s the decade of changes was over, and the city went through the recession successfully. International companies and supermarkets appeared in the area. The local government is trying to strengthen the city's role in culture and tourism. By the end of 2004, the highway M3 had reached the city.The most popular sport in Miskolc is football. The leading club of the city is Diósgyőri VTK (short name: DVTK). They have won the Hungarian Cup several times and represented Hungary many times in Europe. The capacity of the stadium, DVTK Stadion, is 26,000 (15,000 of which are in use), but it is now in poor condition due to decay, except for the new grandstand. The new board plans to build a new 15,000-seater stadium with under-soil heating and fully covered stands.The other team, Miskolci VSC, plays in the county division. Miskolc has got other former first division representatives, namely Miskolci Attila (seven seasons at the highest level), and Perecesi TK (one).Miskolc's most successful women's basketball team, DKSK Miskolc MISI, has won the National Cup twice.The DVTK Jegesmedvék ice hockey team plays in the Slovak-based Tipsport Liga. The team's home rink, Miskolc Ice Hall, is in the People's Garden downtown. It has 1 304 seats, a total capacity of 2 200, and opened in 2006.The women's volleyball team of MVSC also plays at the highest Hungarian level.Speedway Miskolc joined the Polish Second League in 2005 and achieved serious results. They won the 2007 European Speedway Club Champions' Cup with World champion Jason Crump.The Avas is a hill () in the heart of Miskolc. On the hilltop stands the Avas lookout tower, the symbol of the city. On the northern part of the hill, close to downtown Erzsébet Square, is the Gothic Protestant Church of Avas, one of the two oldest buildings of Miskolc (the other is the Castle of Diósgyőr.) The limestone caves of Avas are used as wine cellars; the narrow, winding streets give a Mediterranean atmosphere to this part of Avas Hill. The southern part of Avas, also called Avas-South, is where the largest housing estate of the city stands, with 10-story Socialist-style concrete buildings providing homes for about one-third of the city's population.Miskolc's city centre is not as rich in monuments as that of other cities; only the Main Street (Széchenyi St.), "Városház tér" (City Hall Square) and "Erzsébet tér" (Elizabeth Square) have preserved the 19th-century style of the town. There are not only historical buildings but also modern shopping malls and offices in the city centre.The other town forming today's Greater Miskolc is mostly famous for its medieval castle. Miskolc's football team also got its name from Diósgyőr, since their stadium stands there. Historical Diósgyőr is connected to Historical Miskolc by a district called "Új(diós)győr" (Újgyőr); its main square is an important traffic hub. Also in Új(diós)győr "(Diósgyőr-Vasgyár)" stands the steel factory that made Miskolc the most important heavy industrial city of Hungary (and earned it the nickname "Steel City"). Diósgyőri Gimnázium also stands in this district.The University of Miskolc is among the newer ones. It was founded in the 1950s, so its buildings are not old, historical ones. University Town is one of the newer parts of the city and can be found between Miskolc and the holiday resort Miskolctapolca. The university, the campus, and the sport facilities are surrounded by a large park.Two former villages that were annexed to the city in 1945 and 1950. Görömböly still looks like a small town of its own.Another holiday resort, Miskolc-Lillafüred, is a village surrounded by the Bükk mountains. Its most notable building is the Palace Hotel (Palotaszálló).Martin-Kertváros (in Slovak: Martinská osada) is a suburban area.One of the most well-known holiday resorts in the country, Tapolca (officially Miskolctapolca or Miskolc-Tapolca to avoid confusion with the Transdanubian town of the same name) is the home of the unique Cave Bath, a natural cave with thermal water. Tapolca is quite far from the city centre and counts as one of the posh areas of Miskolc. It is a popular tourist attraction.These former villages were annexed to the city in 1950 (Bükkszentlászló in 1981) and are still separated villages, connected to the city only by its public transport system.There is a narrow-gauge railway that connects Lillafüred to Miskolc known as the Lillafüredi Állami Erdei Vasút (Lillafüred Forest State Railway). It winds through scenic forests, and takes between a half hour and 45 minutes for the train to go between the two major stops. The Miskolc stop is located in Diósgyőr.Public transport in Miskolc is provided by the company "MVK Zrt.", owned by the local government. There are 36 bus lines and 2 tram lines. The first tram entered service on July 10, 1897 (making Miskolc the third city in Hungary to have a tram line), the first scheduled bus line started on June 8, 1903 (first in the country as well.) Today the public transport of Miskolc is one of the best ones in Hungary. There are several taxi companies too.The Lillafüred Forest Train connects Diósgyőr to Lillafüred. It is mainly a tourist attraction.The city has two railway stations (Tiszai and Gömöri) and a small unpaved airport, which is not open to the public, used mainly as a sports facility and has no role in public transport since 1963.The current mayor of Miskolc is Pál Veres (Independent).The local Municipal Assembly, elected at the 2019 local government elections, is made up of 28 members (1 Mayor, 19 Individual constituencies MEPs and 8 Compensation List MEPs) divided into this political parties and alliances:List of City Mayors from 1990:Including people born in Miskolc as well as in Diósgyőr and other city parts that were independent towns at the time of their birth.Miskolc is twinned with:
|
[
"Pál Veres",
"Sándor Hodobay"
] |
|
Who was the head of Miskolc in Feb, 2021?
|
February 04, 2021
|
{
"text": [
"Pál Veres"
]
}
|
L2_Q102397_P6_2
|
Ákos Kriza is the head of the government of Miskolc from Oct, 2010 to Oct, 2019.
Sándor Hodobay is the head of the government of Miskolc from Jan, 1922 to Jan, 1935.
Pál Veres is the head of the government of Miskolc from Oct, 2019 to Dec, 2022.
|
MiskolcMiskolc ( , , ; Czech and ; ; ; ) is a city in northeastern Hungary, known for its heavy industry. With a population of 161,265 (1 Jan 2014) Miskolc is the fourth largest city in Hungary (behind Budapest, Debrecen, and Szeged). It is also the county capital of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén and the regional centre of Northern Hungary.The name derives from "Miško", Slavic form of Michael. "Miškovec" → "Miskolc" with the same development as "Lipovec" → "Lipólc", "Lipóc". The name is associated with the Miskolc clan (also Miskóc or Myscouch, Slovak Miškovec, plural Miškovci) named after the settlement or vice versa. Earliest mentions are "que nunc vocatur Miscoucy" (around 1200), "de Myschouch" (1225), "Ponyt de genere Myscouch" (1230), "in Miscovcy" (1245).The city lies at the meeting point of different geographical regions – east from the Bükk mountains, in the valley of the river Sajó and the streams Hejő and Szinva. According to the 2001 Census the city has a total area of . The ground level slopes gradually; the difference between the highest and lowest area is about .The lowest areas are the banks of the river Sajó, with an altitude of . The area belongs to the Great Plain region and is made up of sedimentary rocks. Between the Avas hill and Diósgyőr lies the hilly area of the "Lower Bükk" () consisting of sandstone, marl, clay, layers of coal, from the tertiary period, and volcanic rocks from the Miocene.The "Central Bükk", a gently sloping mountainous area with an altitude between , is situated between Diósgyőr and Lillafüred; the area is made up of limestone, slate, dolomite and other rocks from the Triassic period. The surface was formed mostly by karstic erosions.The highest area, the high "Higher Bükk" bore "Bükk Highlands" begin at Lillafüred. This mostly consists of sea sediments (limestone, slate, dolomite) from the Paleozoic and Mesozoic, and volcanic rocks like diabase and porphyry. Several caves can be found in the area. The city is also known for lowest measured temperature ever in Hungary with .Summers are fresh but sometimes warm and humid in Miskolc. Daytime temperatures of or higher are commonplace. Snow and ice are dominant during the winter season. Miskolc receives about 120 centimetres of snowfall annually. Days below freezing and nights below both occur in the winter.The area has been inhabited since ancient times – archaeological findings date back to the Paleolithic, proving human presence for over 70,000 years . Its first known dwellers were the Cotini, one of the Celt tribes. The area has been occupied by Hungarians since the "Conquest" in the late 9th century. It was first mentioned by this name around 1210 AD. The Miskóc clan lost their power when King Charles I centralized his power by curbing the power of the oligarchs.Miskolc was elevated to the rank of oppidum (market town) in 1365 by King Louis I. He also had the castle of the nearby town Diósgyőr (now a district of Miskolc) transformed into a Gothic fortress. The city developed in a dynamic way, but during the Ottoman occupation of most of Hungary the development of Miskolc was brought to a standstill. The Turks took Miskolc in 1544 and the city prospered further until 1687. It was also ruled by Ottomans after Battle of Mezőkeresztes in 1596 as part of Eyalet of Egir until 1687. It was during these years that Miskolc became an important centre of wine-growing. By the end of the 17th century the population of the city was as large as that of Kassa/Košice, and 13 guilds had been founded.During the war of independence against Habsburg rule in the early 18th century, Prince Francis II Rákóczi, the leader of the Hungarians put his headquarters in Miskolc. The imperial forces sacked and burnt the city in 1707. Four years later half of the population fell victim of a cholera epidemic. Miskolc recovered quickly, and another age of prosperity began again. In 1724, Miskolc was chosen to be the city where the county hall of Borsod county would be built. Many other significant buildings were built in the 18th and 19th centuries, including the city hall, schools such as Lévay József Református Gimnázium és Diákotthon, churches, the synagogue, and the theatre. The theatre is commonly regarded as the first stone-built theatre of Hungary, although the first one was actually built in Kolozsvár (then a part of Hungary, now Cluj-Napoca, Romania). According to the first nationally held census (1786) the city had a population of 14,719, and 2,414 houses.These years brought prosperity, but the cholera epidemic of 1873 and the flood of 1878 took many lives. Several buildings were destroyed by the flood, but bigger and grander buildings were built in their places. World War I did not affect the city directly, but many people died, either from warfare or from the cholera epidemic. It was occupied by Czechoslovak troops between 1918 and 1919 after the First World War.After the Treaty of Trianon, Hungary lost Kassa (today Košice, Slovakia) and Miskolc became the sole regional center of northern Hungary. This was one of the reasons for the enormous growth of the city during the 1930s and 1940s.Early in World War II Hungary became an ally of Nazi Germany. Unhappy with the Hungarian government, German troops occupied Hungary on March 19, 1944 and put the anti-semitic Arrow Cross Party in charge of the government. Jews in Miskolc and elsewhere were ordered to wear yellow stars on their clothing. Under the supervision of Nazi SS-"Obersturmbannführer" Adolf Eichmann"," "deportations" from Miskolc began on June 11 or 12th, 1944. Over 14,000 Jewish adults and children were sent by cattle car to Auschwitz, where most were gassed on arrival. After the war Jews who survived the holocaust returned to Miskolc hoping to reclaim their land and possessions. Over 130 were rounded up by members of the local Arrow Cross Party and summarily murdered. The Jewish cemetery on a hill overlooking Miskolc has a memorial for them. It includes the 10 commandments, carved in stone, all written in Hebrew except "Thou shall not kill," which is written in Hungarian.The preparation for World War II established Miskolc as the national centre of heavy industry, a position the city maintained until the 1990s. Although Miskolc suffered a lot during the last year of the war, it recovered quickly, and by absorbing the surrounding villages, it became the second-largest city of Hungary with more than 200,000 inhabitants.On July 30 and August 1, 1946, the Miskolc pogrom led to death of one accused Jewish black marketeer, the wounding of another, and subsequently the death of a Jewish policeman. Economic hardship and anti-Semitism motivated the riots.In 1949, the University of Miskolc was founded (as a successor of the "Academy of Mining", formerly in Selmecbánya, which is now Banská Štiavnica, Slovakia).During its long history Miskolc survived fires, floods, plagues and foreign invasions, but maintained its position as the centre of northeastern Hungary. The 1990s brought a crisis in the iron industry with a decline in the population.Miskolc is now trying to become known as a cultural – instead of merely an industrial – city. Among the various cultural events, one of the most important festivities is the International Opera Festival, held in every summer.Tourist destinations in Miskolc include Tapolca, Lillafüred and Felsőhámor. Tapolca has a park with a boating pond and the unique Cave Bath. Lillafüred and Felsőhámor are pretty villages in a valley surrounded by mountains and forests; their sights include the Hotel Palace on the shore of the Lake Hámori, the Szinva waterfall (the highest waterfall of the country), the Anna Cave and the István Cave.The population (around 1910) is multidenominational and multiethnical, and the differences in the level of education mirrors the stratification of society, following these facts. http://mek.oszk.hu/16900/16992Miskolc is generally thought of as an industrial city, and the largest boost to its economy was indeed provided by the industrialization during the Socialist era; in fact industry (including metallurgy) has a long history in the city.Miskolc was already an important market town in the Middle Ages, mostly due to its proximity to the main trade routes of the region. In regards of the economy, real development started only after the Ottoman occupation. In the 18th century, the town already had a lumber mill, a paper manufacture, a brewery, a gunpowder factory and fifteen mills on the Szinva stream. The glass works manufactures and iron furnaces appeared in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The first iron furnace, built by Henrik Fazola around 1770, did not survive, but the second one, built in 1813, can still be visited. Several new settlements were formed in the Bükk mountains to provide dwellings for the workers of glass works manufactures and furnaces. Many of them – including Alsóhámor, Felsőhámor, Ómassa and Bükkszentlászló – are now parts of Miskolc.Development quickened from the second half of the 19th century, partly because of the political situation (after the Ausgleich) and partly because of the newly constructed railway line. A large furnace (second largest in the country) was built in Diósgyőr, and several other factories were built. The mining industry became more and more important, too. Within forty years the population doubled. The industrialization led to the forming of "Greater Miskolc" with the unification of Miskolc and Diósgyőr (1945) and several nearby towns and villages (between 1950 and 1981). The unification was only the first step in Miskolc being developed into an industrial centre. Development reached its highest point in the 1980s, when the metal factory had more than 18,000 workers and production was over one million tons per year. The population hit all-time record (over 200,000 inhabitants), ⅔ of the working people worked in heavy industry.The economic recession after the end of the Socialist era hit the industrial cities of Northern Hungary the hardest. The unemployment rate rose until it became one of the highest in the country, the population of Miskolc dramatically decreased (not only because of unemployment though, but also due to suburbanization which became prevalent nationwide). The economic situation of the city went through a change, smaller enterprises appeared in place of the large state-owned companies.By the early 2000s the decade of changes was over, and the city went through the recession successfully. International companies and supermarkets appeared in the area. The local government is trying to strengthen the city's role in culture and tourism. By the end of 2004, the highway M3 had reached the city.The most popular sport in Miskolc is football. The leading club of the city is Diósgyőri VTK (short name: DVTK). They have won the Hungarian Cup several times and represented Hungary many times in Europe. The capacity of the stadium, DVTK Stadion, is 26,000 (15,000 of which are in use), but it is now in poor condition due to decay, except for the new grandstand. The new board plans to build a new 15,000-seater stadium with under-soil heating and fully covered stands.The other team, Miskolci VSC, plays in the county division. Miskolc has got other former first division representatives, namely Miskolci Attila (seven seasons at the highest level), and Perecesi TK (one).Miskolc's most successful women's basketball team, DKSK Miskolc MISI, has won the National Cup twice.The DVTK Jegesmedvék ice hockey team plays in the Slovak-based Tipsport Liga. The team's home rink, Miskolc Ice Hall, is in the People's Garden downtown. It has 1 304 seats, a total capacity of 2 200, and opened in 2006.The women's volleyball team of MVSC also plays at the highest Hungarian level.Speedway Miskolc joined the Polish Second League in 2005 and achieved serious results. They won the 2007 European Speedway Club Champions' Cup with World champion Jason Crump.The Avas is a hill () in the heart of Miskolc. On the hilltop stands the Avas lookout tower, the symbol of the city. On the northern part of the hill, close to downtown Erzsébet Square, is the Gothic Protestant Church of Avas, one of the two oldest buildings of Miskolc (the other is the Castle of Diósgyőr.) The limestone caves of Avas are used as wine cellars; the narrow, winding streets give a Mediterranean atmosphere to this part of Avas Hill. The southern part of Avas, also called Avas-South, is where the largest housing estate of the city stands, with 10-story Socialist-style concrete buildings providing homes for about one-third of the city's population.Miskolc's city centre is not as rich in monuments as that of other cities; only the Main Street (Széchenyi St.), "Városház tér" (City Hall Square) and "Erzsébet tér" (Elizabeth Square) have preserved the 19th-century style of the town. There are not only historical buildings but also modern shopping malls and offices in the city centre.The other town forming today's Greater Miskolc is mostly famous for its medieval castle. Miskolc's football team also got its name from Diósgyőr, since their stadium stands there. Historical Diósgyőr is connected to Historical Miskolc by a district called "Új(diós)győr" (Újgyőr); its main square is an important traffic hub. Also in Új(diós)győr "(Diósgyőr-Vasgyár)" stands the steel factory that made Miskolc the most important heavy industrial city of Hungary (and earned it the nickname "Steel City"). Diósgyőri Gimnázium also stands in this district.The University of Miskolc is among the newer ones. It was founded in the 1950s, so its buildings are not old, historical ones. University Town is one of the newer parts of the city and can be found between Miskolc and the holiday resort Miskolctapolca. The university, the campus, and the sport facilities are surrounded by a large park.Two former villages that were annexed to the city in 1945 and 1950. Görömböly still looks like a small town of its own.Another holiday resort, Miskolc-Lillafüred, is a village surrounded by the Bükk mountains. Its most notable building is the Palace Hotel (Palotaszálló).Martin-Kertváros (in Slovak: Martinská osada) is a suburban area.One of the most well-known holiday resorts in the country, Tapolca (officially Miskolctapolca or Miskolc-Tapolca to avoid confusion with the Transdanubian town of the same name) is the home of the unique Cave Bath, a natural cave with thermal water. Tapolca is quite far from the city centre and counts as one of the posh areas of Miskolc. It is a popular tourist attraction.These former villages were annexed to the city in 1950 (Bükkszentlászló in 1981) and are still separated villages, connected to the city only by its public transport system.There is a narrow-gauge railway that connects Lillafüred to Miskolc known as the Lillafüredi Állami Erdei Vasút (Lillafüred Forest State Railway). It winds through scenic forests, and takes between a half hour and 45 minutes for the train to go between the two major stops. The Miskolc stop is located in Diósgyőr.Public transport in Miskolc is provided by the company "MVK Zrt.", owned by the local government. There are 36 bus lines and 2 tram lines. The first tram entered service on July 10, 1897 (making Miskolc the third city in Hungary to have a tram line), the first scheduled bus line started on June 8, 1903 (first in the country as well.) Today the public transport of Miskolc is one of the best ones in Hungary. There are several taxi companies too.The Lillafüred Forest Train connects Diósgyőr to Lillafüred. It is mainly a tourist attraction.The city has two railway stations (Tiszai and Gömöri) and a small unpaved airport, which is not open to the public, used mainly as a sports facility and has no role in public transport since 1963.The current mayor of Miskolc is Pál Veres (Independent).The local Municipal Assembly, elected at the 2019 local government elections, is made up of 28 members (1 Mayor, 19 Individual constituencies MEPs and 8 Compensation List MEPs) divided into this political parties and alliances:List of City Mayors from 1990:Including people born in Miskolc as well as in Diósgyőr and other city parts that were independent towns at the time of their birth.Miskolc is twinned with:
|
[
"Ákos Kriza",
"Sándor Hodobay"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team MKE Ankaragücü in Sep, 2018?
|
September 03, 2018
|
{
"text": [
"İsmail Kartal"
]
}
|
L2_Q492826_P286_0
|
İsmail Kartal is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2017 to Dec, 2018.
Mustafa Dalcı is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2021 to Aug, 2022.
Ömer Erdoğan is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Aug, 2022 to Dec, 2022.
İbrahim Üzülmez is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2020 to Aug, 2020.
Fuat Çapa is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Sep, 2020 to Nov, 2020.
Hikmet Karaman is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Feb, 2021 to Jun, 2021.
|
MKE AnkaragücüMKE Ankaragücü or fully Makina ve Kimya Endüstrisi Ankaragücü (), is a Turkish sports club located in the city of Ankara. The football team wears a yellow and navy kit and plays its home matches at Eryaman Stadium following the closure of the Ankara 19 Mayıs.The club's greatest domestic successes are the Turkish Football Championship title in 1949 and two Turkish Cups won in 1972 and 1981. They also won the second division on two occasions. Regionally, Ankaragücü have won six Ankara Football League titles. The club have a rivalry with Gençlerbirliği.Ankaragücü also operate cycling, taekwondo, and women's volleyball departments. The women's volleyball team have competed in the Turkish Women's Volleyball League since the 2009–10 season.Ankaragücü are based in Ankara, but were founded in Zeytinburnu, Istanbul in 1904 as Altınörs İdman Yurdu. The club competed in the Istanbul Friday League. It is unclear as to the motive behind the uprooting of the Istanbul-based club to Ankara. Another theory is that the club splintered, with some players following Şükrü Abbas and others following Agah Orhan. Şükrü Abbas founded Turan Sanatkarangücü in 1910. In 1938, both clubs merged to form AS-FA Gücü. The club name was changed for one last time in 1948, with both sides settling on Ankaragücü. Ankaragücü have won the former Turkish Football Championship in 1949, the greatest success in their history, and reached the third place before in 1924 under the name Anadolu Turan Sanatkarangücü.The club were one of the original sixteen clubs in the 1959 Turkish National League. They were admitted into the league after finishing second in the Ankara Professional League. The club finished fifth in the Beyaz Grup (White Group) in the first season of the Milli Lig.Ankaragücü were relegated to the 2.Lig in 1967–68 after finishing second to last place. The club returned to the top league next season. Ankaragücü were again relegated in the 1975–76 season, but promoted to the 1st League next season. Ankaragücü was relegated for the third time in 1977–1978 season.Ankaragücü returned to the 1st League in 1981 due to a political decision, towards which the FIFA was still powerless back then. The Turkish President Kenan Evren and Ankara governor Mustafa Gönül wanted a club from the capital in the 1. Lig and thus saw to that the club gained promotion despite only having finished second in the 2nd division, behind Sakaryaspor. Ankaragücü had won the Turkish Cup too. Ankaragücü has played in the 1st League since then. The club was occasionally successful during the 1990s.Under Ersun Yanal's managership, the club has seen two successful seasons, becoming sixth in the 2000–01 season and fourth in the 2001–02 season. After Ersun Yanal left the club, Ankaragücü found it in a struggle to be saved from relegation each year and were in full-blown and widespread disarray. The club managed to stay clear of relegation at the last few matches during these years. Consequently, a financial crisis hit the club during the late 2000s.After the economic crisis, Ahmet Gökçek became the chairman replacing Cemal Aydın. He promised that the club would become a champion in upcoming years. He was formerly (informally) associated with Ankaraspor and TFF objected to the control of two clubs at the same time and relegated Ankaraspor. After the relegation of Ankaraspor, he merged the football squads of two teams, but he did not manage to form a squad that would win a championship.The congress in which Ahmet Gökçek was elected annulled by Turkish court and Cengiz Topel Yıldırım returned to the chairman position. Due to the economic crisis, Cengiz Topel Yıldırım sold key players of the squad and the team was one of the weakest teams of Turkish Super League. Sami Altınyuva became the next chairman but did not solve the financial problems. Due to the ongoing financial crisis, many players left the club. Later, Bent Ahlat, Atilla Süslü and Mehmet Yiğiner became chairmans but the financial problems were not solved.Due to financial crisis, the club relegated from Süper Lig in the 2011–2012 season and from PTT 1. Lig in the 2012–2013 season.They returned to the TFF First League after being promoted from the third tier of Turkish football during the 2016-17 season. They got promoted back up to the Süper Lig the following season, where they currently remain. Ankaragücü finished in the relegation zone in the 2019–2020 Süper Lig, but the Turkish Football Federation voided all relegation due to COVID-19.In the early 1990s Bursaspor's ultra group Teksas had a leader called Abdulkerim Bayraktar. He went to study in Ankara, and whilst in the city he started attending Ankaragücü games and started building ties between the two clubs.However, in 1993, his life was cut short as during his military service he was killed. This tragic event bought Bursaspor and Ankaragücü even closer together. During the first game after his death, Bursaspor organized a tribute to him, the events which happened next cemented the brotherhood between these two teams. A large group of Ankaragücü supporters made their way onto the pitch and unveiled a large banner reading, 'Our brother Abdul will never die, he lives on in our hearts'. The two supporter groups united and hundreds of Ankaragücü ultras attended his funeral. From that day on Bursaspor supporters would chant Ankaragücü's name in the sixth minute of every home game, number six being significant due to it being Ankara's city code.Ankaragücü supporters in return chant Bursaspor's name during the 16th minute, 16 being Bursa's city code. When the two sides play, the supporters sit together, which is one of the rare occasions in which ultras from opposing teams watch a game together in a mixed environment, they bring "Bursankara" scarfs (a merger of the two clubs names) to the games and create a fantastic atmosphere full of mutual respect.The club currently plays its home matches at Eryaman Stadium, opened in 2019. Ankaragücü's former home, the Ankara 19 Mayıs Stadium, was demolished in 2018. They also currently share the stadium with fellow-Ankara based club and rivals Gençlerbirliği.Turkish Football ChampionshipTurkish CupTurkish Super CupTFF First LeagueAnkara Football LeagueUEFA Cup Winners' Cup:UEFA Cup / UEFA Europa League:
|
[
"Hikmet Karaman",
"Ömer Erdoğan",
"Mustafa Dalcı",
"İbrahim Üzülmez",
"Fuat Çapa"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team MKE Ankaragücü in Jul, 2020?
|
July 20, 2020
|
{
"text": [
"İbrahim Üzülmez"
]
}
|
L2_Q492826_P286_1
|
Ömer Erdoğan is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Aug, 2022 to Dec, 2022.
Mustafa Dalcı is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2021 to Aug, 2022.
İsmail Kartal is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2017 to Dec, 2018.
İbrahim Üzülmez is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2020 to Aug, 2020.
Hikmet Karaman is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Feb, 2021 to Jun, 2021.
Fuat Çapa is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Sep, 2020 to Nov, 2020.
|
MKE AnkaragücüMKE Ankaragücü or fully Makina ve Kimya Endüstrisi Ankaragücü (), is a Turkish sports club located in the city of Ankara. The football team wears a yellow and navy kit and plays its home matches at Eryaman Stadium following the closure of the Ankara 19 Mayıs.The club's greatest domestic successes are the Turkish Football Championship title in 1949 and two Turkish Cups won in 1972 and 1981. They also won the second division on two occasions. Regionally, Ankaragücü have won six Ankara Football League titles. The club have a rivalry with Gençlerbirliği.Ankaragücü also operate cycling, taekwondo, and women's volleyball departments. The women's volleyball team have competed in the Turkish Women's Volleyball League since the 2009–10 season.Ankaragücü are based in Ankara, but were founded in Zeytinburnu, Istanbul in 1904 as Altınörs İdman Yurdu. The club competed in the Istanbul Friday League. It is unclear as to the motive behind the uprooting of the Istanbul-based club to Ankara. Another theory is that the club splintered, with some players following Şükrü Abbas and others following Agah Orhan. Şükrü Abbas founded Turan Sanatkarangücü in 1910. In 1938, both clubs merged to form AS-FA Gücü. The club name was changed for one last time in 1948, with both sides settling on Ankaragücü. Ankaragücü have won the former Turkish Football Championship in 1949, the greatest success in their history, and reached the third place before in 1924 under the name Anadolu Turan Sanatkarangücü.The club were one of the original sixteen clubs in the 1959 Turkish National League. They were admitted into the league after finishing second in the Ankara Professional League. The club finished fifth in the Beyaz Grup (White Group) in the first season of the Milli Lig.Ankaragücü were relegated to the 2.Lig in 1967–68 after finishing second to last place. The club returned to the top league next season. Ankaragücü were again relegated in the 1975–76 season, but promoted to the 1st League next season. Ankaragücü was relegated for the third time in 1977–1978 season.Ankaragücü returned to the 1st League in 1981 due to a political decision, towards which the FIFA was still powerless back then. The Turkish President Kenan Evren and Ankara governor Mustafa Gönül wanted a club from the capital in the 1. Lig and thus saw to that the club gained promotion despite only having finished second in the 2nd division, behind Sakaryaspor. Ankaragücü had won the Turkish Cup too. Ankaragücü has played in the 1st League since then. The club was occasionally successful during the 1990s.Under Ersun Yanal's managership, the club has seen two successful seasons, becoming sixth in the 2000–01 season and fourth in the 2001–02 season. After Ersun Yanal left the club, Ankaragücü found it in a struggle to be saved from relegation each year and were in full-blown and widespread disarray. The club managed to stay clear of relegation at the last few matches during these years. Consequently, a financial crisis hit the club during the late 2000s.After the economic crisis, Ahmet Gökçek became the chairman replacing Cemal Aydın. He promised that the club would become a champion in upcoming years. He was formerly (informally) associated with Ankaraspor and TFF objected to the control of two clubs at the same time and relegated Ankaraspor. After the relegation of Ankaraspor, he merged the football squads of two teams, but he did not manage to form a squad that would win a championship.The congress in which Ahmet Gökçek was elected annulled by Turkish court and Cengiz Topel Yıldırım returned to the chairman position. Due to the economic crisis, Cengiz Topel Yıldırım sold key players of the squad and the team was one of the weakest teams of Turkish Super League. Sami Altınyuva became the next chairman but did not solve the financial problems. Due to the ongoing financial crisis, many players left the club. Later, Bent Ahlat, Atilla Süslü and Mehmet Yiğiner became chairmans but the financial problems were not solved.Due to financial crisis, the club relegated from Süper Lig in the 2011–2012 season and from PTT 1. Lig in the 2012–2013 season.They returned to the TFF First League after being promoted from the third tier of Turkish football during the 2016-17 season. They got promoted back up to the Süper Lig the following season, where they currently remain. Ankaragücü finished in the relegation zone in the 2019–2020 Süper Lig, but the Turkish Football Federation voided all relegation due to COVID-19.In the early 1990s Bursaspor's ultra group Teksas had a leader called Abdulkerim Bayraktar. He went to study in Ankara, and whilst in the city he started attending Ankaragücü games and started building ties between the two clubs.However, in 1993, his life was cut short as during his military service he was killed. This tragic event bought Bursaspor and Ankaragücü even closer together. During the first game after his death, Bursaspor organized a tribute to him, the events which happened next cemented the brotherhood between these two teams. A large group of Ankaragücü supporters made their way onto the pitch and unveiled a large banner reading, 'Our brother Abdul will never die, he lives on in our hearts'. The two supporter groups united and hundreds of Ankaragücü ultras attended his funeral. From that day on Bursaspor supporters would chant Ankaragücü's name in the sixth minute of every home game, number six being significant due to it being Ankara's city code.Ankaragücü supporters in return chant Bursaspor's name during the 16th minute, 16 being Bursa's city code. When the two sides play, the supporters sit together, which is one of the rare occasions in which ultras from opposing teams watch a game together in a mixed environment, they bring "Bursankara" scarfs (a merger of the two clubs names) to the games and create a fantastic atmosphere full of mutual respect.The club currently plays its home matches at Eryaman Stadium, opened in 2019. Ankaragücü's former home, the Ankara 19 Mayıs Stadium, was demolished in 2018. They also currently share the stadium with fellow-Ankara based club and rivals Gençlerbirliği.Turkish Football ChampionshipTurkish CupTurkish Super CupTFF First LeagueAnkara Football LeagueUEFA Cup Winners' Cup:UEFA Cup / UEFA Europa League:
|
[
"Hikmet Karaman",
"Ömer Erdoğan",
"Mustafa Dalcı",
"İsmail Kartal",
"Fuat Çapa"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team MKE Ankaragücü in Oct, 2020?
|
October 02, 2020
|
{
"text": [
"Fuat Çapa"
]
}
|
L2_Q492826_P286_2
|
Hikmet Karaman is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Feb, 2021 to Jun, 2021.
İbrahim Üzülmez is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2020 to Aug, 2020.
İsmail Kartal is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2017 to Dec, 2018.
Fuat Çapa is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Sep, 2020 to Nov, 2020.
Mustafa Dalcı is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2021 to Aug, 2022.
Ömer Erdoğan is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Aug, 2022 to Dec, 2022.
|
MKE AnkaragücüMKE Ankaragücü or fully Makina ve Kimya Endüstrisi Ankaragücü (), is a Turkish sports club located in the city of Ankara. The football team wears a yellow and navy kit and plays its home matches at Eryaman Stadium following the closure of the Ankara 19 Mayıs.The club's greatest domestic successes are the Turkish Football Championship title in 1949 and two Turkish Cups won in 1972 and 1981. They also won the second division on two occasions. Regionally, Ankaragücü have won six Ankara Football League titles. The club have a rivalry with Gençlerbirliği.Ankaragücü also operate cycling, taekwondo, and women's volleyball departments. The women's volleyball team have competed in the Turkish Women's Volleyball League since the 2009–10 season.Ankaragücü are based in Ankara, but were founded in Zeytinburnu, Istanbul in 1904 as Altınörs İdman Yurdu. The club competed in the Istanbul Friday League. It is unclear as to the motive behind the uprooting of the Istanbul-based club to Ankara. Another theory is that the club splintered, with some players following Şükrü Abbas and others following Agah Orhan. Şükrü Abbas founded Turan Sanatkarangücü in 1910. In 1938, both clubs merged to form AS-FA Gücü. The club name was changed for one last time in 1948, with both sides settling on Ankaragücü. Ankaragücü have won the former Turkish Football Championship in 1949, the greatest success in their history, and reached the third place before in 1924 under the name Anadolu Turan Sanatkarangücü.The club were one of the original sixteen clubs in the 1959 Turkish National League. They were admitted into the league after finishing second in the Ankara Professional League. The club finished fifth in the Beyaz Grup (White Group) in the first season of the Milli Lig.Ankaragücü were relegated to the 2.Lig in 1967–68 after finishing second to last place. The club returned to the top league next season. Ankaragücü were again relegated in the 1975–76 season, but promoted to the 1st League next season. Ankaragücü was relegated for the third time in 1977–1978 season.Ankaragücü returned to the 1st League in 1981 due to a political decision, towards which the FIFA was still powerless back then. The Turkish President Kenan Evren and Ankara governor Mustafa Gönül wanted a club from the capital in the 1. Lig and thus saw to that the club gained promotion despite only having finished second in the 2nd division, behind Sakaryaspor. Ankaragücü had won the Turkish Cup too. Ankaragücü has played in the 1st League since then. The club was occasionally successful during the 1990s.Under Ersun Yanal's managership, the club has seen two successful seasons, becoming sixth in the 2000–01 season and fourth in the 2001–02 season. After Ersun Yanal left the club, Ankaragücü found it in a struggle to be saved from relegation each year and were in full-blown and widespread disarray. The club managed to stay clear of relegation at the last few matches during these years. Consequently, a financial crisis hit the club during the late 2000s.After the economic crisis, Ahmet Gökçek became the chairman replacing Cemal Aydın. He promised that the club would become a champion in upcoming years. He was formerly (informally) associated with Ankaraspor and TFF objected to the control of two clubs at the same time and relegated Ankaraspor. After the relegation of Ankaraspor, he merged the football squads of two teams, but he did not manage to form a squad that would win a championship.The congress in which Ahmet Gökçek was elected annulled by Turkish court and Cengiz Topel Yıldırım returned to the chairman position. Due to the economic crisis, Cengiz Topel Yıldırım sold key players of the squad and the team was one of the weakest teams of Turkish Super League. Sami Altınyuva became the next chairman but did not solve the financial problems. Due to the ongoing financial crisis, many players left the club. Later, Bent Ahlat, Atilla Süslü and Mehmet Yiğiner became chairmans but the financial problems were not solved.Due to financial crisis, the club relegated from Süper Lig in the 2011–2012 season and from PTT 1. Lig in the 2012–2013 season.They returned to the TFF First League after being promoted from the third tier of Turkish football during the 2016-17 season. They got promoted back up to the Süper Lig the following season, where they currently remain. Ankaragücü finished in the relegation zone in the 2019–2020 Süper Lig, but the Turkish Football Federation voided all relegation due to COVID-19.In the early 1990s Bursaspor's ultra group Teksas had a leader called Abdulkerim Bayraktar. He went to study in Ankara, and whilst in the city he started attending Ankaragücü games and started building ties between the two clubs.However, in 1993, his life was cut short as during his military service he was killed. This tragic event bought Bursaspor and Ankaragücü even closer together. During the first game after his death, Bursaspor organized a tribute to him, the events which happened next cemented the brotherhood between these two teams. A large group of Ankaragücü supporters made their way onto the pitch and unveiled a large banner reading, 'Our brother Abdul will never die, he lives on in our hearts'. The two supporter groups united and hundreds of Ankaragücü ultras attended his funeral. From that day on Bursaspor supporters would chant Ankaragücü's name in the sixth minute of every home game, number six being significant due to it being Ankara's city code.Ankaragücü supporters in return chant Bursaspor's name during the 16th minute, 16 being Bursa's city code. When the two sides play, the supporters sit together, which is one of the rare occasions in which ultras from opposing teams watch a game together in a mixed environment, they bring "Bursankara" scarfs (a merger of the two clubs names) to the games and create a fantastic atmosphere full of mutual respect.The club currently plays its home matches at Eryaman Stadium, opened in 2019. Ankaragücü's former home, the Ankara 19 Mayıs Stadium, was demolished in 2018. They also currently share the stadium with fellow-Ankara based club and rivals Gençlerbirliği.Turkish Football ChampionshipTurkish CupTurkish Super CupTFF First LeagueAnkara Football LeagueUEFA Cup Winners' Cup:UEFA Cup / UEFA Europa League:
|
[
"Hikmet Karaman",
"Ömer Erdoğan",
"Mustafa Dalcı",
"İsmail Kartal",
"İbrahim Üzülmez"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team MKE Ankaragücü in Mar, 2021?
|
March 09, 2021
|
{
"text": [
"Hikmet Karaman"
]
}
|
L2_Q492826_P286_3
|
İbrahim Üzülmez is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2020 to Aug, 2020.
İsmail Kartal is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2017 to Dec, 2018.
Ömer Erdoğan is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Aug, 2022 to Dec, 2022.
Mustafa Dalcı is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2021 to Aug, 2022.
Fuat Çapa is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Sep, 2020 to Nov, 2020.
Hikmet Karaman is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Feb, 2021 to Jun, 2021.
|
MKE AnkaragücüMKE Ankaragücü or fully Makina ve Kimya Endüstrisi Ankaragücü (), is a Turkish sports club located in the city of Ankara. The football team wears a yellow and navy kit and plays its home matches at Eryaman Stadium following the closure of the Ankara 19 Mayıs.The club's greatest domestic successes are the Turkish Football Championship title in 1949 and two Turkish Cups won in 1972 and 1981. They also won the second division on two occasions. Regionally, Ankaragücü have won six Ankara Football League titles. The club have a rivalry with Gençlerbirliği.Ankaragücü also operate cycling, taekwondo, and women's volleyball departments. The women's volleyball team have competed in the Turkish Women's Volleyball League since the 2009–10 season.Ankaragücü are based in Ankara, but were founded in Zeytinburnu, Istanbul in 1904 as Altınörs İdman Yurdu. The club competed in the Istanbul Friday League. It is unclear as to the motive behind the uprooting of the Istanbul-based club to Ankara. Another theory is that the club splintered, with some players following Şükrü Abbas and others following Agah Orhan. Şükrü Abbas founded Turan Sanatkarangücü in 1910. In 1938, both clubs merged to form AS-FA Gücü. The club name was changed for one last time in 1948, with both sides settling on Ankaragücü. Ankaragücü have won the former Turkish Football Championship in 1949, the greatest success in their history, and reached the third place before in 1924 under the name Anadolu Turan Sanatkarangücü.The club were one of the original sixteen clubs in the 1959 Turkish National League. They were admitted into the league after finishing second in the Ankara Professional League. The club finished fifth in the Beyaz Grup (White Group) in the first season of the Milli Lig.Ankaragücü were relegated to the 2.Lig in 1967–68 after finishing second to last place. The club returned to the top league next season. Ankaragücü were again relegated in the 1975–76 season, but promoted to the 1st League next season. Ankaragücü was relegated for the third time in 1977–1978 season.Ankaragücü returned to the 1st League in 1981 due to a political decision, towards which the FIFA was still powerless back then. The Turkish President Kenan Evren and Ankara governor Mustafa Gönül wanted a club from the capital in the 1. Lig and thus saw to that the club gained promotion despite only having finished second in the 2nd division, behind Sakaryaspor. Ankaragücü had won the Turkish Cup too. Ankaragücü has played in the 1st League since then. The club was occasionally successful during the 1990s.Under Ersun Yanal's managership, the club has seen two successful seasons, becoming sixth in the 2000–01 season and fourth in the 2001–02 season. After Ersun Yanal left the club, Ankaragücü found it in a struggle to be saved from relegation each year and were in full-blown and widespread disarray. The club managed to stay clear of relegation at the last few matches during these years. Consequently, a financial crisis hit the club during the late 2000s.After the economic crisis, Ahmet Gökçek became the chairman replacing Cemal Aydın. He promised that the club would become a champion in upcoming years. He was formerly (informally) associated with Ankaraspor and TFF objected to the control of two clubs at the same time and relegated Ankaraspor. After the relegation of Ankaraspor, he merged the football squads of two teams, but he did not manage to form a squad that would win a championship.The congress in which Ahmet Gökçek was elected annulled by Turkish court and Cengiz Topel Yıldırım returned to the chairman position. Due to the economic crisis, Cengiz Topel Yıldırım sold key players of the squad and the team was one of the weakest teams of Turkish Super League. Sami Altınyuva became the next chairman but did not solve the financial problems. Due to the ongoing financial crisis, many players left the club. Later, Bent Ahlat, Atilla Süslü and Mehmet Yiğiner became chairmans but the financial problems were not solved.Due to financial crisis, the club relegated from Süper Lig in the 2011–2012 season and from PTT 1. Lig in the 2012–2013 season.They returned to the TFF First League after being promoted from the third tier of Turkish football during the 2016-17 season. They got promoted back up to the Süper Lig the following season, where they currently remain. Ankaragücü finished in the relegation zone in the 2019–2020 Süper Lig, but the Turkish Football Federation voided all relegation due to COVID-19.In the early 1990s Bursaspor's ultra group Teksas had a leader called Abdulkerim Bayraktar. He went to study in Ankara, and whilst in the city he started attending Ankaragücü games and started building ties between the two clubs.However, in 1993, his life was cut short as during his military service he was killed. This tragic event bought Bursaspor and Ankaragücü even closer together. During the first game after his death, Bursaspor organized a tribute to him, the events which happened next cemented the brotherhood between these two teams. A large group of Ankaragücü supporters made their way onto the pitch and unveiled a large banner reading, 'Our brother Abdul will never die, he lives on in our hearts'. The two supporter groups united and hundreds of Ankaragücü ultras attended his funeral. From that day on Bursaspor supporters would chant Ankaragücü's name in the sixth minute of every home game, number six being significant due to it being Ankara's city code.Ankaragücü supporters in return chant Bursaspor's name during the 16th minute, 16 being Bursa's city code. When the two sides play, the supporters sit together, which is one of the rare occasions in which ultras from opposing teams watch a game together in a mixed environment, they bring "Bursankara" scarfs (a merger of the two clubs names) to the games and create a fantastic atmosphere full of mutual respect.The club currently plays its home matches at Eryaman Stadium, opened in 2019. Ankaragücü's former home, the Ankara 19 Mayıs Stadium, was demolished in 2018. They also currently share the stadium with fellow-Ankara based club and rivals Gençlerbirliği.Turkish Football ChampionshipTurkish CupTurkish Super CupTFF First LeagueAnkara Football LeagueUEFA Cup Winners' Cup:UEFA Cup / UEFA Europa League:
|
[
"Ömer Erdoğan",
"Mustafa Dalcı",
"İsmail Kartal",
"İbrahim Üzülmez",
"Fuat Çapa"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team MKE Ankaragücü in Apr, 2022?
|
April 15, 2022
|
{
"text": [
"Mustafa Dalcı"
]
}
|
L2_Q492826_P286_4
|
Mustafa Dalcı is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2021 to Aug, 2022.
İbrahim Üzülmez is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2020 to Aug, 2020.
İsmail Kartal is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2017 to Dec, 2018.
Hikmet Karaman is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Feb, 2021 to Jun, 2021.
Ömer Erdoğan is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Aug, 2022 to Dec, 2022.
Fuat Çapa is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Sep, 2020 to Nov, 2020.
|
MKE AnkaragücüMKE Ankaragücü or fully Makina ve Kimya Endüstrisi Ankaragücü (), is a Turkish sports club located in the city of Ankara. The football team wears a yellow and navy kit and plays its home matches at Eryaman Stadium following the closure of the Ankara 19 Mayıs.The club's greatest domestic successes are the Turkish Football Championship title in 1949 and two Turkish Cups won in 1972 and 1981. They also won the second division on two occasions. Regionally, Ankaragücü have won six Ankara Football League titles. The club have a rivalry with Gençlerbirliği.Ankaragücü also operate cycling, taekwondo, and women's volleyball departments. The women's volleyball team have competed in the Turkish Women's Volleyball League since the 2009–10 season.Ankaragücü are based in Ankara, but were founded in Zeytinburnu, Istanbul in 1904 as Altınörs İdman Yurdu. The club competed in the Istanbul Friday League. It is unclear as to the motive behind the uprooting of the Istanbul-based club to Ankara. Another theory is that the club splintered, with some players following Şükrü Abbas and others following Agah Orhan. Şükrü Abbas founded Turan Sanatkarangücü in 1910. In 1938, both clubs merged to form AS-FA Gücü. The club name was changed for one last time in 1948, with both sides settling on Ankaragücü. Ankaragücü have won the former Turkish Football Championship in 1949, the greatest success in their history, and reached the third place before in 1924 under the name Anadolu Turan Sanatkarangücü.The club were one of the original sixteen clubs in the 1959 Turkish National League. They were admitted into the league after finishing second in the Ankara Professional League. The club finished fifth in the Beyaz Grup (White Group) in the first season of the Milli Lig.Ankaragücü were relegated to the 2.Lig in 1967–68 after finishing second to last place. The club returned to the top league next season. Ankaragücü were again relegated in the 1975–76 season, but promoted to the 1st League next season. Ankaragücü was relegated for the third time in 1977–1978 season.Ankaragücü returned to the 1st League in 1981 due to a political decision, towards which the FIFA was still powerless back then. The Turkish President Kenan Evren and Ankara governor Mustafa Gönül wanted a club from the capital in the 1. Lig and thus saw to that the club gained promotion despite only having finished second in the 2nd division, behind Sakaryaspor. Ankaragücü had won the Turkish Cup too. Ankaragücü has played in the 1st League since then. The club was occasionally successful during the 1990s.Under Ersun Yanal's managership, the club has seen two successful seasons, becoming sixth in the 2000–01 season and fourth in the 2001–02 season. After Ersun Yanal left the club, Ankaragücü found it in a struggle to be saved from relegation each year and were in full-blown and widespread disarray. The club managed to stay clear of relegation at the last few matches during these years. Consequently, a financial crisis hit the club during the late 2000s.After the economic crisis, Ahmet Gökçek became the chairman replacing Cemal Aydın. He promised that the club would become a champion in upcoming years. He was formerly (informally) associated with Ankaraspor and TFF objected to the control of two clubs at the same time and relegated Ankaraspor. After the relegation of Ankaraspor, he merged the football squads of two teams, but he did not manage to form a squad that would win a championship.The congress in which Ahmet Gökçek was elected annulled by Turkish court and Cengiz Topel Yıldırım returned to the chairman position. Due to the economic crisis, Cengiz Topel Yıldırım sold key players of the squad and the team was one of the weakest teams of Turkish Super League. Sami Altınyuva became the next chairman but did not solve the financial problems. Due to the ongoing financial crisis, many players left the club. Later, Bent Ahlat, Atilla Süslü and Mehmet Yiğiner became chairmans but the financial problems were not solved.Due to financial crisis, the club relegated from Süper Lig in the 2011–2012 season and from PTT 1. Lig in the 2012–2013 season.They returned to the TFF First League after being promoted from the third tier of Turkish football during the 2016-17 season. They got promoted back up to the Süper Lig the following season, where they currently remain. Ankaragücü finished in the relegation zone in the 2019–2020 Süper Lig, but the Turkish Football Federation voided all relegation due to COVID-19.In the early 1990s Bursaspor's ultra group Teksas had a leader called Abdulkerim Bayraktar. He went to study in Ankara, and whilst in the city he started attending Ankaragücü games and started building ties between the two clubs.However, in 1993, his life was cut short as during his military service he was killed. This tragic event bought Bursaspor and Ankaragücü even closer together. During the first game after his death, Bursaspor organized a tribute to him, the events which happened next cemented the brotherhood between these two teams. A large group of Ankaragücü supporters made their way onto the pitch and unveiled a large banner reading, 'Our brother Abdul will never die, he lives on in our hearts'. The two supporter groups united and hundreds of Ankaragücü ultras attended his funeral. From that day on Bursaspor supporters would chant Ankaragücü's name in the sixth minute of every home game, number six being significant due to it being Ankara's city code.Ankaragücü supporters in return chant Bursaspor's name during the 16th minute, 16 being Bursa's city code. When the two sides play, the supporters sit together, which is one of the rare occasions in which ultras from opposing teams watch a game together in a mixed environment, they bring "Bursankara" scarfs (a merger of the two clubs names) to the games and create a fantastic atmosphere full of mutual respect.The club currently plays its home matches at Eryaman Stadium, opened in 2019. Ankaragücü's former home, the Ankara 19 Mayıs Stadium, was demolished in 2018. They also currently share the stadium with fellow-Ankara based club and rivals Gençlerbirliği.Turkish Football ChampionshipTurkish CupTurkish Super CupTFF First LeagueAnkara Football LeagueUEFA Cup Winners' Cup:UEFA Cup / UEFA Europa League:
|
[
"Hikmet Karaman",
"Ömer Erdoğan",
"İsmail Kartal",
"İbrahim Üzülmez",
"Fuat Çapa"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team MKE Ankaragücü in Sep, 2022?
|
September 28, 2022
|
{
"text": [
"Ömer Erdoğan"
]
}
|
L2_Q492826_P286_5
|
İsmail Kartal is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2017 to Dec, 2018.
Mustafa Dalcı is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2021 to Aug, 2022.
Hikmet Karaman is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Feb, 2021 to Jun, 2021.
Fuat Çapa is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Sep, 2020 to Nov, 2020.
Ömer Erdoğan is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Aug, 2022 to Dec, 2022.
İbrahim Üzülmez is the head coach of MKE Ankaragücü from Jun, 2020 to Aug, 2020.
|
MKE AnkaragücüMKE Ankaragücü or fully Makina ve Kimya Endüstrisi Ankaragücü (), is a Turkish sports club located in the city of Ankara. The football team wears a yellow and navy kit and plays its home matches at Eryaman Stadium following the closure of the Ankara 19 Mayıs.The club's greatest domestic successes are the Turkish Football Championship title in 1949 and two Turkish Cups won in 1972 and 1981. They also won the second division on two occasions. Regionally, Ankaragücü have won six Ankara Football League titles. The club have a rivalry with Gençlerbirliği.Ankaragücü also operate cycling, taekwondo, and women's volleyball departments. The women's volleyball team have competed in the Turkish Women's Volleyball League since the 2009–10 season.Ankaragücü are based in Ankara, but were founded in Zeytinburnu, Istanbul in 1904 as Altınörs İdman Yurdu. The club competed in the Istanbul Friday League. It is unclear as to the motive behind the uprooting of the Istanbul-based club to Ankara. Another theory is that the club splintered, with some players following Şükrü Abbas and others following Agah Orhan. Şükrü Abbas founded Turan Sanatkarangücü in 1910. In 1938, both clubs merged to form AS-FA Gücü. The club name was changed for one last time in 1948, with both sides settling on Ankaragücü. Ankaragücü have won the former Turkish Football Championship in 1949, the greatest success in their history, and reached the third place before in 1924 under the name Anadolu Turan Sanatkarangücü.The club were one of the original sixteen clubs in the 1959 Turkish National League. They were admitted into the league after finishing second in the Ankara Professional League. The club finished fifth in the Beyaz Grup (White Group) in the first season of the Milli Lig.Ankaragücü were relegated to the 2.Lig in 1967–68 after finishing second to last place. The club returned to the top league next season. Ankaragücü were again relegated in the 1975–76 season, but promoted to the 1st League next season. Ankaragücü was relegated for the third time in 1977–1978 season.Ankaragücü returned to the 1st League in 1981 due to a political decision, towards which the FIFA was still powerless back then. The Turkish President Kenan Evren and Ankara governor Mustafa Gönül wanted a club from the capital in the 1. Lig and thus saw to that the club gained promotion despite only having finished second in the 2nd division, behind Sakaryaspor. Ankaragücü had won the Turkish Cup too. Ankaragücü has played in the 1st League since then. The club was occasionally successful during the 1990s.Under Ersun Yanal's managership, the club has seen two successful seasons, becoming sixth in the 2000–01 season and fourth in the 2001–02 season. After Ersun Yanal left the club, Ankaragücü found it in a struggle to be saved from relegation each year and were in full-blown and widespread disarray. The club managed to stay clear of relegation at the last few matches during these years. Consequently, a financial crisis hit the club during the late 2000s.After the economic crisis, Ahmet Gökçek became the chairman replacing Cemal Aydın. He promised that the club would become a champion in upcoming years. He was formerly (informally) associated with Ankaraspor and TFF objected to the control of two clubs at the same time and relegated Ankaraspor. After the relegation of Ankaraspor, he merged the football squads of two teams, but he did not manage to form a squad that would win a championship.The congress in which Ahmet Gökçek was elected annulled by Turkish court and Cengiz Topel Yıldırım returned to the chairman position. Due to the economic crisis, Cengiz Topel Yıldırım sold key players of the squad and the team was one of the weakest teams of Turkish Super League. Sami Altınyuva became the next chairman but did not solve the financial problems. Due to the ongoing financial crisis, many players left the club. Later, Bent Ahlat, Atilla Süslü and Mehmet Yiğiner became chairmans but the financial problems were not solved.Due to financial crisis, the club relegated from Süper Lig in the 2011–2012 season and from PTT 1. Lig in the 2012–2013 season.They returned to the TFF First League after being promoted from the third tier of Turkish football during the 2016-17 season. They got promoted back up to the Süper Lig the following season, where they currently remain. Ankaragücü finished in the relegation zone in the 2019–2020 Süper Lig, but the Turkish Football Federation voided all relegation due to COVID-19.In the early 1990s Bursaspor's ultra group Teksas had a leader called Abdulkerim Bayraktar. He went to study in Ankara, and whilst in the city he started attending Ankaragücü games and started building ties between the two clubs.However, in 1993, his life was cut short as during his military service he was killed. This tragic event bought Bursaspor and Ankaragücü even closer together. During the first game after his death, Bursaspor organized a tribute to him, the events which happened next cemented the brotherhood between these two teams. A large group of Ankaragücü supporters made their way onto the pitch and unveiled a large banner reading, 'Our brother Abdul will never die, he lives on in our hearts'. The two supporter groups united and hundreds of Ankaragücü ultras attended his funeral. From that day on Bursaspor supporters would chant Ankaragücü's name in the sixth minute of every home game, number six being significant due to it being Ankara's city code.Ankaragücü supporters in return chant Bursaspor's name during the 16th minute, 16 being Bursa's city code. When the two sides play, the supporters sit together, which is one of the rare occasions in which ultras from opposing teams watch a game together in a mixed environment, they bring "Bursankara" scarfs (a merger of the two clubs names) to the games and create a fantastic atmosphere full of mutual respect.The club currently plays its home matches at Eryaman Stadium, opened in 2019. Ankaragücü's former home, the Ankara 19 Mayıs Stadium, was demolished in 2018. They also currently share the stadium with fellow-Ankara based club and rivals Gençlerbirliği.Turkish Football ChampionshipTurkish CupTurkish Super CupTFF First LeagueAnkara Football LeagueUEFA Cup Winners' Cup:UEFA Cup / UEFA Europa League:
|
[
"Hikmet Karaman",
"Mustafa Dalcı",
"İsmail Kartal",
"İbrahim Üzülmez",
"Fuat Çapa"
] |
|
Which position did Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet hold in Apr, 1895?
|
April 02, 1895
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 25th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
}
|
L2_Q7526312_P39_0
|
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 25th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1892 to Jul, 1895.
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 29th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jan, 1910 to Nov, 1910.
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 26th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1895 to Sep, 1900.
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 30th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Dec, 1910 to Nov, 1918.
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 28th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jan, 1906 to Jan, 1910.
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 27th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1900 to Jan, 1906.
|
Charles WardeSir Charles Edward Warde, 1st Baronet (20 December 1845 – 12 April 1937) was a Conservative Party politician in England who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1892 to 1918.He was born in Ireland, the son of Edward Charles Warde K.C.B. and his wife Jane Lane.He was elected to the House of Commons at his first attempt, at the 1892 general election, for the Medway constituency, and held that seat until the constituency was abolished for the 1918 general election. He did not stand for Parliament again.He was an officer in the 4th (Queen's Own) Hussars, and on 13 September 1899 was appointed Lieutenant Colonel in command of the West Kent Yeomanry (Queen's Own). He was granted the honorary rank of colonel on 31 January 1900.In 1908, he was appointed a deputy lieutenant of Kent. He was made a baronet on 11 September 1919, of Barham Court in the Parish of Teston in the County of Kent.He died in 1937 in Barham Court, after which the baronetcy became extinct. He had married Helen Caroline de Stern.
|
[
"Member of the 26th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 27th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 28th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 30th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 29th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet hold in Jun, 1896?
|
June 29, 1896
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 26th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
}
|
L2_Q7526312_P39_1
|
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 29th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jan, 1910 to Nov, 1910.
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 30th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Dec, 1910 to Nov, 1918.
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 26th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1895 to Sep, 1900.
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 28th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jan, 1906 to Jan, 1910.
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 25th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1892 to Jul, 1895.
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 27th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1900 to Jan, 1906.
|
Charles WardeSir Charles Edward Warde, 1st Baronet (20 December 1845 – 12 April 1937) was a Conservative Party politician in England who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1892 to 1918.He was born in Ireland, the son of Edward Charles Warde K.C.B. and his wife Jane Lane.He was elected to the House of Commons at his first attempt, at the 1892 general election, for the Medway constituency, and held that seat until the constituency was abolished for the 1918 general election. He did not stand for Parliament again.He was an officer in the 4th (Queen's Own) Hussars, and on 13 September 1899 was appointed Lieutenant Colonel in command of the West Kent Yeomanry (Queen's Own). He was granted the honorary rank of colonel on 31 January 1900.In 1908, he was appointed a deputy lieutenant of Kent. He was made a baronet on 11 September 1919, of Barham Court in the Parish of Teston in the County of Kent.He died in 1937 in Barham Court, after which the baronetcy became extinct. He had married Helen Caroline de Stern.
|
[
"Member of the 25th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 27th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 28th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 30th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 29th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet hold in Nov, 1902?
|
November 23, 1902
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 27th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
}
|
L2_Q7526312_P39_2
|
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 25th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1892 to Jul, 1895.
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 29th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jan, 1910 to Nov, 1910.
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 26th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1895 to Sep, 1900.
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 27th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1900 to Jan, 1906.
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 30th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Dec, 1910 to Nov, 1918.
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 28th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jan, 1906 to Jan, 1910.
|
Charles WardeSir Charles Edward Warde, 1st Baronet (20 December 1845 – 12 April 1937) was a Conservative Party politician in England who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1892 to 1918.He was born in Ireland, the son of Edward Charles Warde K.C.B. and his wife Jane Lane.He was elected to the House of Commons at his first attempt, at the 1892 general election, for the Medway constituency, and held that seat until the constituency was abolished for the 1918 general election. He did not stand for Parliament again.He was an officer in the 4th (Queen's Own) Hussars, and on 13 September 1899 was appointed Lieutenant Colonel in command of the West Kent Yeomanry (Queen's Own). He was granted the honorary rank of colonel on 31 January 1900.In 1908, he was appointed a deputy lieutenant of Kent. He was made a baronet on 11 September 1919, of Barham Court in the Parish of Teston in the County of Kent.He died in 1937 in Barham Court, after which the baronetcy became extinct. He had married Helen Caroline de Stern.
|
[
"Member of the 25th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 26th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 28th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 30th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 29th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet hold in Jan, 1906?
|
January 12, 1906
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 28th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 27th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
}
|
L2_Q7526312_P39_3
|
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 28th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jan, 1906 to Jan, 1910.
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 30th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Dec, 1910 to Nov, 1918.
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 25th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1892 to Jul, 1895.
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 29th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jan, 1910 to Nov, 1910.
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 26th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1895 to Sep, 1900.
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 27th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1900 to Jan, 1906.
|
Charles WardeSir Charles Edward Warde, 1st Baronet (20 December 1845 – 12 April 1937) was a Conservative Party politician in England who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1892 to 1918.He was born in Ireland, the son of Edward Charles Warde K.C.B. and his wife Jane Lane.He was elected to the House of Commons at his first attempt, at the 1892 general election, for the Medway constituency, and held that seat until the constituency was abolished for the 1918 general election. He did not stand for Parliament again.He was an officer in the 4th (Queen's Own) Hussars, and on 13 September 1899 was appointed Lieutenant Colonel in command of the West Kent Yeomanry (Queen's Own). He was granted the honorary rank of colonel on 31 January 1900.In 1908, he was appointed a deputy lieutenant of Kent. He was made a baronet on 11 September 1919, of Barham Court in the Parish of Teston in the County of Kent.He died in 1937 in Barham Court, after which the baronetcy became extinct. He had married Helen Caroline de Stern.
|
[
"Member of the 25th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 26th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 27th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 30th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 29th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 25th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 26th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 30th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 29th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet hold in Sep, 1910?
|
September 06, 1910
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 29th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
}
|
L2_Q7526312_P39_4
|
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 27th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1900 to Jan, 1906.
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 26th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1895 to Sep, 1900.
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 30th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Dec, 1910 to Nov, 1918.
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 29th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jan, 1910 to Nov, 1910.
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 25th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1892 to Jul, 1895.
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 28th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jan, 1906 to Jan, 1910.
|
Charles WardeSir Charles Edward Warde, 1st Baronet (20 December 1845 – 12 April 1937) was a Conservative Party politician in England who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1892 to 1918.He was born in Ireland, the son of Edward Charles Warde K.C.B. and his wife Jane Lane.He was elected to the House of Commons at his first attempt, at the 1892 general election, for the Medway constituency, and held that seat until the constituency was abolished for the 1918 general election. He did not stand for Parliament again.He was an officer in the 4th (Queen's Own) Hussars, and on 13 September 1899 was appointed Lieutenant Colonel in command of the West Kent Yeomanry (Queen's Own). He was granted the honorary rank of colonel on 31 January 1900.In 1908, he was appointed a deputy lieutenant of Kent. He was made a baronet on 11 September 1919, of Barham Court in the Parish of Teston in the County of Kent.He died in 1937 in Barham Court, after which the baronetcy became extinct. He had married Helen Caroline de Stern.
|
[
"Member of the 25th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 26th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 27th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 28th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 30th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Which position did Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet hold in Jan, 1911?
|
January 22, 1911
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 30th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
]
}
|
L2_Q7526312_P39_5
|
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 28th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jan, 1906 to Jan, 1910.
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 30th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Dec, 1910 to Nov, 1918.
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 26th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1895 to Sep, 1900.
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 25th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1892 to Jul, 1895.
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 27th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1900 to Jan, 1906.
Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 29th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jan, 1910 to Nov, 1910.
|
Charles WardeSir Charles Edward Warde, 1st Baronet (20 December 1845 – 12 April 1937) was a Conservative Party politician in England who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1892 to 1918.He was born in Ireland, the son of Edward Charles Warde K.C.B. and his wife Jane Lane.He was elected to the House of Commons at his first attempt, at the 1892 general election, for the Medway constituency, and held that seat until the constituency was abolished for the 1918 general election. He did not stand for Parliament again.He was an officer in the 4th (Queen's Own) Hussars, and on 13 September 1899 was appointed Lieutenant Colonel in command of the West Kent Yeomanry (Queen's Own). He was granted the honorary rank of colonel on 31 January 1900.In 1908, he was appointed a deputy lieutenant of Kent. He was made a baronet on 11 September 1919, of Barham Court in the Parish of Teston in the County of Kent.He died in 1937 in Barham Court, after which the baronetcy became extinct. He had married Helen Caroline de Stern.
|
[
"Member of the 25th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 26th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 27th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 28th Parliament of the United Kingdom",
"Member of the 29th Parliament of the United Kingdom"
] |
|
Who was the head of state of Hanthawaddy Kingdom in Sep, 1300?
|
September 21, 1300
|
{
"text": [
"Wareru"
]
}
|
L2_Q1572529_P35_0
|
Shin Sawbu is the head of the state of Hanthawaddy Kingdom from Jan, 1454 to Jan, 1471.
Razadarit is the head of the state of Hanthawaddy Kingdom from Jan, 1384 to Jan, 1421.
Dhammazedi is the head of the state of Hanthawaddy Kingdom from Jan, 1471 to Jan, 1492.
Wareru is the head of the state of Hanthawaddy Kingdom from Jan, 1287 to Jan, 1307.
Takayutpi is the head of the state of Hanthawaddy Kingdom from Jan, 1526 to Jan, 1539.
|
Hanthawaddy KingdomThe Hanthawaddy Kingdom (, ; ; also Hanthawaddy Pegu or simply Pegu) was the polity that ruled lower Burma (Myanmar) from 1287 to 1539 and from 1550 to 1552. The Mon-speaking kingdom was founded as Ramaññadesa (, ) by King Wareru following the collapse of the Pagan Empire in 1287 as a nominal vassal state of the Sukhothai Kingdom and of the Mongol Yuan dynasty. The kingdom became formally independent of Sukhothai in 1330 but remained a loose federation of three major regional power centres: the Irrawaddy Delta, Bago, and Mottama. Its kings had little or no authority over the vassals. Mottama was in open rebellion from 1363 to 1388.The energetic reign of King Razadarit (r. 1384–1421) cemented the kingdom's existence. Razadarit firmly unified the three Mon-speaking regions: Myaungmya, Donwun and Martaban; and successfully fended off the northern Burmese-speaking Ava Kingdom in the Forty Years' War (1385–1424), making the western kingdom of Rakhine a tributary from 1413 to 1421 in the process. The war ended in a stalemate but it was a victory for Hanthawaddy as Ava finally gave up its dream of restoring the Pagan Empire. In the years following the war, Pegu occasionally aided Ava's southern vassal states of Prome and Taungoo in their rebellions but carefully avoided getting plunged into a full-scale war.After the war, Hanthawaddy entered its golden age whereas its rival Ava gradually went into decline. From the 1420s to the 1530s, Hanthawaddy was the most powerful and prosperous kingdom of all post-Pagan kingdoms. Under a string of especially gifted monarchs – Binnya Ran I, Shin Sawbu, Dhammazedi and Binnya Ran II – the kingdom enjoyed a long golden age, profiting from foreign commerce. Its merchants traded with traders from across the Indian Ocean, filling the king's treasury with gold and silver, silk and spices, and all the other stuff of early modern trade. The kingdom also became a famous centre of Theravada Buddhism. It established strong ties with Sri Lanka and encouraged reforms that later spread throughout the country.The powerful kingdom's end came abruptly. From 1534 onwards, it came under constant raids by the Taungoo dynasty from Upper Burma. King Takayutpi could not marshal the kingdom's much greater resources and manpower against much smaller Taungoo, led by King Tabinshwehti and his deputy general Bayinnaung. Taungoo captured Bago and the Irrawaddy Delta in 1538–9, and Mottama in 1541. The kingdom was briefly revived in 1550 after Tabinshwehti was assassinated. But the "kingdom" did not extend much outside the city of Bago. Bayinnaung quickly defeated the rebellion in March 1552.Though Taungoo kings would rule all of Lower Burma well into the mid-18th century, the golden age of Hanthawaddy was fondly remembered by the Mon people of Lower Burma. In 1740, they rose up against a weak Taungoo Dynasty on its last legs, and founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom.
|
[
"Shin Sawbu",
"Dhammazedi",
"Razadarit",
"Takayutpi"
] |
|
Who was the head of state of Hanthawaddy Kingdom in Apr, 1388?
|
April 17, 1388
|
{
"text": [
"Razadarit"
]
}
|
L2_Q1572529_P35_1
|
Dhammazedi is the head of the state of Hanthawaddy Kingdom from Jan, 1471 to Jan, 1492.
Razadarit is the head of the state of Hanthawaddy Kingdom from Jan, 1384 to Jan, 1421.
Takayutpi is the head of the state of Hanthawaddy Kingdom from Jan, 1526 to Jan, 1539.
Shin Sawbu is the head of the state of Hanthawaddy Kingdom from Jan, 1454 to Jan, 1471.
Wareru is the head of the state of Hanthawaddy Kingdom from Jan, 1287 to Jan, 1307.
|
Hanthawaddy KingdomThe Hanthawaddy Kingdom (, ; ; also Hanthawaddy Pegu or simply Pegu) was the polity that ruled lower Burma (Myanmar) from 1287 to 1539 and from 1550 to 1552. The Mon-speaking kingdom was founded as Ramaññadesa (, ) by King Wareru following the collapse of the Pagan Empire in 1287 as a nominal vassal state of the Sukhothai Kingdom and of the Mongol Yuan dynasty. The kingdom became formally independent of Sukhothai in 1330 but remained a loose federation of three major regional power centres: the Irrawaddy Delta, Bago, and Mottama. Its kings had little or no authority over the vassals. Mottama was in open rebellion from 1363 to 1388.The energetic reign of King Razadarit (r. 1384–1421) cemented the kingdom's existence. Razadarit firmly unified the three Mon-speaking regions: Myaungmya, Donwun and Martaban; and successfully fended off the northern Burmese-speaking Ava Kingdom in the Forty Years' War (1385–1424), making the western kingdom of Rakhine a tributary from 1413 to 1421 in the process. The war ended in a stalemate but it was a victory for Hanthawaddy as Ava finally gave up its dream of restoring the Pagan Empire. In the years following the war, Pegu occasionally aided Ava's southern vassal states of Prome and Taungoo in their rebellions but carefully avoided getting plunged into a full-scale war.After the war, Hanthawaddy entered its golden age whereas its rival Ava gradually went into decline. From the 1420s to the 1530s, Hanthawaddy was the most powerful and prosperous kingdom of all post-Pagan kingdoms. Under a string of especially gifted monarchs – Binnya Ran I, Shin Sawbu, Dhammazedi and Binnya Ran II – the kingdom enjoyed a long golden age, profiting from foreign commerce. Its merchants traded with traders from across the Indian Ocean, filling the king's treasury with gold and silver, silk and spices, and all the other stuff of early modern trade. The kingdom also became a famous centre of Theravada Buddhism. It established strong ties with Sri Lanka and encouraged reforms that later spread throughout the country.The powerful kingdom's end came abruptly. From 1534 onwards, it came under constant raids by the Taungoo dynasty from Upper Burma. King Takayutpi could not marshal the kingdom's much greater resources and manpower against much smaller Taungoo, led by King Tabinshwehti and his deputy general Bayinnaung. Taungoo captured Bago and the Irrawaddy Delta in 1538–9, and Mottama in 1541. The kingdom was briefly revived in 1550 after Tabinshwehti was assassinated. But the "kingdom" did not extend much outside the city of Bago. Bayinnaung quickly defeated the rebellion in March 1552.Though Taungoo kings would rule all of Lower Burma well into the mid-18th century, the golden age of Hanthawaddy was fondly remembered by the Mon people of Lower Burma. In 1740, they rose up against a weak Taungoo Dynasty on its last legs, and founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom.
|
[
"Shin Sawbu",
"Wareru",
"Dhammazedi",
"Takayutpi"
] |
|
Who was the head of state of Hanthawaddy Kingdom in Apr, 1467?
|
April 02, 1467
|
{
"text": [
"Shin Sawbu"
]
}
|
L2_Q1572529_P35_2
|
Takayutpi is the head of the state of Hanthawaddy Kingdom from Jan, 1526 to Jan, 1539.
Wareru is the head of the state of Hanthawaddy Kingdom from Jan, 1287 to Jan, 1307.
Razadarit is the head of the state of Hanthawaddy Kingdom from Jan, 1384 to Jan, 1421.
Dhammazedi is the head of the state of Hanthawaddy Kingdom from Jan, 1471 to Jan, 1492.
Shin Sawbu is the head of the state of Hanthawaddy Kingdom from Jan, 1454 to Jan, 1471.
|
Hanthawaddy KingdomThe Hanthawaddy Kingdom (, ; ; also Hanthawaddy Pegu or simply Pegu) was the polity that ruled lower Burma (Myanmar) from 1287 to 1539 and from 1550 to 1552. The Mon-speaking kingdom was founded as Ramaññadesa (, ) by King Wareru following the collapse of the Pagan Empire in 1287 as a nominal vassal state of the Sukhothai Kingdom and of the Mongol Yuan dynasty. The kingdom became formally independent of Sukhothai in 1330 but remained a loose federation of three major regional power centres: the Irrawaddy Delta, Bago, and Mottama. Its kings had little or no authority over the vassals. Mottama was in open rebellion from 1363 to 1388.The energetic reign of King Razadarit (r. 1384–1421) cemented the kingdom's existence. Razadarit firmly unified the three Mon-speaking regions: Myaungmya, Donwun and Martaban; and successfully fended off the northern Burmese-speaking Ava Kingdom in the Forty Years' War (1385–1424), making the western kingdom of Rakhine a tributary from 1413 to 1421 in the process. The war ended in a stalemate but it was a victory for Hanthawaddy as Ava finally gave up its dream of restoring the Pagan Empire. In the years following the war, Pegu occasionally aided Ava's southern vassal states of Prome and Taungoo in their rebellions but carefully avoided getting plunged into a full-scale war.After the war, Hanthawaddy entered its golden age whereas its rival Ava gradually went into decline. From the 1420s to the 1530s, Hanthawaddy was the most powerful and prosperous kingdom of all post-Pagan kingdoms. Under a string of especially gifted monarchs – Binnya Ran I, Shin Sawbu, Dhammazedi and Binnya Ran II – the kingdom enjoyed a long golden age, profiting from foreign commerce. Its merchants traded with traders from across the Indian Ocean, filling the king's treasury with gold and silver, silk and spices, and all the other stuff of early modern trade. The kingdom also became a famous centre of Theravada Buddhism. It established strong ties with Sri Lanka and encouraged reforms that later spread throughout the country.The powerful kingdom's end came abruptly. From 1534 onwards, it came under constant raids by the Taungoo dynasty from Upper Burma. King Takayutpi could not marshal the kingdom's much greater resources and manpower against much smaller Taungoo, led by King Tabinshwehti and his deputy general Bayinnaung. Taungoo captured Bago and the Irrawaddy Delta in 1538–9, and Mottama in 1541. The kingdom was briefly revived in 1550 after Tabinshwehti was assassinated. But the "kingdom" did not extend much outside the city of Bago. Bayinnaung quickly defeated the rebellion in March 1552.Though Taungoo kings would rule all of Lower Burma well into the mid-18th century, the golden age of Hanthawaddy was fondly remembered by the Mon people of Lower Burma. In 1740, they rose up against a weak Taungoo Dynasty on its last legs, and founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom.
|
[
"Razadarit",
"Wareru",
"Dhammazedi",
"Takayutpi"
] |
|
Who was the head of state of Hanthawaddy Kingdom in Sep, 1481?
|
September 22, 1481
|
{
"text": [
"Dhammazedi"
]
}
|
L2_Q1572529_P35_3
|
Shin Sawbu is the head of the state of Hanthawaddy Kingdom from Jan, 1454 to Jan, 1471.
Takayutpi is the head of the state of Hanthawaddy Kingdom from Jan, 1526 to Jan, 1539.
Razadarit is the head of the state of Hanthawaddy Kingdom from Jan, 1384 to Jan, 1421.
Dhammazedi is the head of the state of Hanthawaddy Kingdom from Jan, 1471 to Jan, 1492.
Wareru is the head of the state of Hanthawaddy Kingdom from Jan, 1287 to Jan, 1307.
|
Hanthawaddy KingdomThe Hanthawaddy Kingdom (, ; ; also Hanthawaddy Pegu or simply Pegu) was the polity that ruled lower Burma (Myanmar) from 1287 to 1539 and from 1550 to 1552. The Mon-speaking kingdom was founded as Ramaññadesa (, ) by King Wareru following the collapse of the Pagan Empire in 1287 as a nominal vassal state of the Sukhothai Kingdom and of the Mongol Yuan dynasty. The kingdom became formally independent of Sukhothai in 1330 but remained a loose federation of three major regional power centres: the Irrawaddy Delta, Bago, and Mottama. Its kings had little or no authority over the vassals. Mottama was in open rebellion from 1363 to 1388.The energetic reign of King Razadarit (r. 1384–1421) cemented the kingdom's existence. Razadarit firmly unified the three Mon-speaking regions: Myaungmya, Donwun and Martaban; and successfully fended off the northern Burmese-speaking Ava Kingdom in the Forty Years' War (1385–1424), making the western kingdom of Rakhine a tributary from 1413 to 1421 in the process. The war ended in a stalemate but it was a victory for Hanthawaddy as Ava finally gave up its dream of restoring the Pagan Empire. In the years following the war, Pegu occasionally aided Ava's southern vassal states of Prome and Taungoo in their rebellions but carefully avoided getting plunged into a full-scale war.After the war, Hanthawaddy entered its golden age whereas its rival Ava gradually went into decline. From the 1420s to the 1530s, Hanthawaddy was the most powerful and prosperous kingdom of all post-Pagan kingdoms. Under a string of especially gifted monarchs – Binnya Ran I, Shin Sawbu, Dhammazedi and Binnya Ran II – the kingdom enjoyed a long golden age, profiting from foreign commerce. Its merchants traded with traders from across the Indian Ocean, filling the king's treasury with gold and silver, silk and spices, and all the other stuff of early modern trade. The kingdom also became a famous centre of Theravada Buddhism. It established strong ties with Sri Lanka and encouraged reforms that later spread throughout the country.The powerful kingdom's end came abruptly. From 1534 onwards, it came under constant raids by the Taungoo dynasty from Upper Burma. King Takayutpi could not marshal the kingdom's much greater resources and manpower against much smaller Taungoo, led by King Tabinshwehti and his deputy general Bayinnaung. Taungoo captured Bago and the Irrawaddy Delta in 1538–9, and Mottama in 1541. The kingdom was briefly revived in 1550 after Tabinshwehti was assassinated. But the "kingdom" did not extend much outside the city of Bago. Bayinnaung quickly defeated the rebellion in March 1552.Though Taungoo kings would rule all of Lower Burma well into the mid-18th century, the golden age of Hanthawaddy was fondly remembered by the Mon people of Lower Burma. In 1740, they rose up against a weak Taungoo Dynasty on its last legs, and founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom.
|
[
"Shin Sawbu",
"Wareru",
"Razadarit",
"Takayutpi"
] |
|
Who was the head of state of Hanthawaddy Kingdom in Mar, 1532?
|
March 12, 1532
|
{
"text": [
"Takayutpi"
]
}
|
L2_Q1572529_P35_4
|
Shin Sawbu is the head of the state of Hanthawaddy Kingdom from Jan, 1454 to Jan, 1471.
Takayutpi is the head of the state of Hanthawaddy Kingdom from Jan, 1526 to Jan, 1539.
Dhammazedi is the head of the state of Hanthawaddy Kingdom from Jan, 1471 to Jan, 1492.
Wareru is the head of the state of Hanthawaddy Kingdom from Jan, 1287 to Jan, 1307.
Razadarit is the head of the state of Hanthawaddy Kingdom from Jan, 1384 to Jan, 1421.
|
Hanthawaddy KingdomThe Hanthawaddy Kingdom (, ; ; also Hanthawaddy Pegu or simply Pegu) was the polity that ruled lower Burma (Myanmar) from 1287 to 1539 and from 1550 to 1552. The Mon-speaking kingdom was founded as Ramaññadesa (, ) by King Wareru following the collapse of the Pagan Empire in 1287 as a nominal vassal state of the Sukhothai Kingdom and of the Mongol Yuan dynasty. The kingdom became formally independent of Sukhothai in 1330 but remained a loose federation of three major regional power centres: the Irrawaddy Delta, Bago, and Mottama. Its kings had little or no authority over the vassals. Mottama was in open rebellion from 1363 to 1388.The energetic reign of King Razadarit (r. 1384–1421) cemented the kingdom's existence. Razadarit firmly unified the three Mon-speaking regions: Myaungmya, Donwun and Martaban; and successfully fended off the northern Burmese-speaking Ava Kingdom in the Forty Years' War (1385–1424), making the western kingdom of Rakhine a tributary from 1413 to 1421 in the process. The war ended in a stalemate but it was a victory for Hanthawaddy as Ava finally gave up its dream of restoring the Pagan Empire. In the years following the war, Pegu occasionally aided Ava's southern vassal states of Prome and Taungoo in their rebellions but carefully avoided getting plunged into a full-scale war.After the war, Hanthawaddy entered its golden age whereas its rival Ava gradually went into decline. From the 1420s to the 1530s, Hanthawaddy was the most powerful and prosperous kingdom of all post-Pagan kingdoms. Under a string of especially gifted monarchs – Binnya Ran I, Shin Sawbu, Dhammazedi and Binnya Ran II – the kingdom enjoyed a long golden age, profiting from foreign commerce. Its merchants traded with traders from across the Indian Ocean, filling the king's treasury with gold and silver, silk and spices, and all the other stuff of early modern trade. The kingdom also became a famous centre of Theravada Buddhism. It established strong ties with Sri Lanka and encouraged reforms that later spread throughout the country.The powerful kingdom's end came abruptly. From 1534 onwards, it came under constant raids by the Taungoo dynasty from Upper Burma. King Takayutpi could not marshal the kingdom's much greater resources and manpower against much smaller Taungoo, led by King Tabinshwehti and his deputy general Bayinnaung. Taungoo captured Bago and the Irrawaddy Delta in 1538–9, and Mottama in 1541. The kingdom was briefly revived in 1550 after Tabinshwehti was assassinated. But the "kingdom" did not extend much outside the city of Bago. Bayinnaung quickly defeated the rebellion in March 1552.Though Taungoo kings would rule all of Lower Burma well into the mid-18th century, the golden age of Hanthawaddy was fondly remembered by the Mon people of Lower Burma. In 1740, they rose up against a weak Taungoo Dynasty on its last legs, and founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom.
|
[
"Shin Sawbu",
"Wareru",
"Dhammazedi",
"Razadarit"
] |
|
Which position did Simranjit Singh Mann hold in Aug, 1990?
|
August 09, 1990
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 9th Lok Sabha"
]
}
|
L2_Q7521202_P39_0
|
Simranjit Singh Mann holds the position of Member of the 13th Lok Sabha from Oct, 1999 to May, 2004.
Simranjit Singh Mann holds the position of Member of the 9th Lok Sabha from Dec, 1989 to Mar, 1991.
Simranjit Singh Mann holds the position of Member of the 17th Lok Sabha from Jun, 2022 to Dec, 2022.
|
Simranjit Singh MannSimranjit Singh Mann (born 20 May 1945) is a politician and a former police officer from Punjab. He is the president of the political party, Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar). Mann is a two time MP from Taran Tarn in 1989 and Sangrur in 1999. He has been arrested or detained some 30 times but he has never been convicted.Born at Shimla in 1945, he comes from a military-political background. His father, Lt. Col. Joginder Singh Mann, was a speaker of the Punjab Vidhan Sabha in 1967. He is married to Geetinder Kaur Mann. Mann's wife and Punjab CM Amarinder Singh's wife Preneet Kaur are sisters.He was educated at the Bishop Cotton School, Shimla and Government College Chandigarh. He was a gold medalist in subject "History".He has one son, Emaan Singh, and two daughters, Pavit Kaur and Nanki Kaur. Some news agencies also spell his son's name as Imaan Singh Mann. His son is also a politician.He had appeared for Central Services Examination in 1966 and subsequently he joined Indian Police Services in 1967 and he was allocated the "Punjab Cadre". He worked on several positions, including ASP Ludhiana, SSP Ferozepur, SSP Faridkot, AIG GRP Punjab-Patiala division, Deputy Director of Vigilance Bureau Chandigarh, Commandant of Punjab Armed Police and Group Commandant of CISF, Bombay. He resigned from Indian Police Service on 18 June 1984 to protest against the Operation Blue Star.In 1984, he resigned from his post as Group Commandant of the CISF in Bombay to protest against 1984 anti-Sikh riots and attack on the Harmandir Sahib during Operation Blue Star and was detained. Mann was later charged, among other things, with conspiracy to assassinate Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.He was elected "in absentia" to the Rajya Sabha by an overwhelming mandate in the State of Punjab, and unconditionally released "in the interests of the State", with all charges dropped, after five years in prison, in November 1989. He was denied an Indian passport on the grounds that he was a "threat to the security and integrity of India". Mann was denied entry into the Indian Parliament when he insisted on carrying a sword with him, refusing to exchange it for an allowable smaller Kirpan.In May 1993, while campaigning in support of a candidate during the Jalandhar by-elections, a gunman attempted to assassinate Mann. However, no one was charged with the crime.On 3 November 1999, after Mann was elected to the Lok Sabha, the Punjab and Haryana High Court ordered the GoI and the Passport Office in Chandigarh to issue a passport to Mann.
|
[
"Member of the 13th Lok Sabha",
"Member of the 17th Lok Sabha"
] |
|
Which position did Simranjit Singh Mann hold in Feb, 2004?
|
February 14, 2004
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 13th Lok Sabha"
]
}
|
L2_Q7521202_P39_1
|
Simranjit Singh Mann holds the position of Member of the 17th Lok Sabha from Jun, 2022 to Dec, 2022.
Simranjit Singh Mann holds the position of Member of the 9th Lok Sabha from Dec, 1989 to Mar, 1991.
Simranjit Singh Mann holds the position of Member of the 13th Lok Sabha from Oct, 1999 to May, 2004.
|
Simranjit Singh MannSimranjit Singh Mann (born 20 May 1945) is a politician and a former police officer from Punjab. He is the president of the political party, Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar). Mann is a two time MP from Taran Tarn in 1989 and Sangrur in 1999. He has been arrested or detained some 30 times but he has never been convicted.Born at Shimla in 1945, he comes from a military-political background. His father, Lt. Col. Joginder Singh Mann, was a speaker of the Punjab Vidhan Sabha in 1967. He is married to Geetinder Kaur Mann. Mann's wife and Punjab CM Amarinder Singh's wife Preneet Kaur are sisters.He was educated at the Bishop Cotton School, Shimla and Government College Chandigarh. He was a gold medalist in subject "History".He has one son, Emaan Singh, and two daughters, Pavit Kaur and Nanki Kaur. Some news agencies also spell his son's name as Imaan Singh Mann. His son is also a politician.He had appeared for Central Services Examination in 1966 and subsequently he joined Indian Police Services in 1967 and he was allocated the "Punjab Cadre". He worked on several positions, including ASP Ludhiana, SSP Ferozepur, SSP Faridkot, AIG GRP Punjab-Patiala division, Deputy Director of Vigilance Bureau Chandigarh, Commandant of Punjab Armed Police and Group Commandant of CISF, Bombay. He resigned from Indian Police Service on 18 June 1984 to protest against the Operation Blue Star.In 1984, he resigned from his post as Group Commandant of the CISF in Bombay to protest against 1984 anti-Sikh riots and attack on the Harmandir Sahib during Operation Blue Star and was detained. Mann was later charged, among other things, with conspiracy to assassinate Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.He was elected "in absentia" to the Rajya Sabha by an overwhelming mandate in the State of Punjab, and unconditionally released "in the interests of the State", with all charges dropped, after five years in prison, in November 1989. He was denied an Indian passport on the grounds that he was a "threat to the security and integrity of India". Mann was denied entry into the Indian Parliament when he insisted on carrying a sword with him, refusing to exchange it for an allowable smaller Kirpan.In May 1993, while campaigning in support of a candidate during the Jalandhar by-elections, a gunman attempted to assassinate Mann. However, no one was charged with the crime.On 3 November 1999, after Mann was elected to the Lok Sabha, the Punjab and Haryana High Court ordered the GoI and the Passport Office in Chandigarh to issue a passport to Mann.
|
[
"Member of the 9th Lok Sabha",
"Member of the 17th Lok Sabha"
] |
|
Which position did Simranjit Singh Mann hold in Jul, 2022?
|
July 20, 2022
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the 17th Lok Sabha"
]
}
|
L2_Q7521202_P39_2
|
Simranjit Singh Mann holds the position of Member of the 13th Lok Sabha from Oct, 1999 to May, 2004.
Simranjit Singh Mann holds the position of Member of the 9th Lok Sabha from Dec, 1989 to Mar, 1991.
Simranjit Singh Mann holds the position of Member of the 17th Lok Sabha from Jun, 2022 to Dec, 2022.
|
Simranjit Singh MannSimranjit Singh Mann (born 20 May 1945) is a politician and a former police officer from Punjab. He is the president of the political party, Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar). Mann is a two time MP from Taran Tarn in 1989 and Sangrur in 1999. He has been arrested or detained some 30 times but he has never been convicted.Born at Shimla in 1945, he comes from a military-political background. His father, Lt. Col. Joginder Singh Mann, was a speaker of the Punjab Vidhan Sabha in 1967. He is married to Geetinder Kaur Mann. Mann's wife and Punjab CM Amarinder Singh's wife Preneet Kaur are sisters.He was educated at the Bishop Cotton School, Shimla and Government College Chandigarh. He was a gold medalist in subject "History".He has one son, Emaan Singh, and two daughters, Pavit Kaur and Nanki Kaur. Some news agencies also spell his son's name as Imaan Singh Mann. His son is also a politician.He had appeared for Central Services Examination in 1966 and subsequently he joined Indian Police Services in 1967 and he was allocated the "Punjab Cadre". He worked on several positions, including ASP Ludhiana, SSP Ferozepur, SSP Faridkot, AIG GRP Punjab-Patiala division, Deputy Director of Vigilance Bureau Chandigarh, Commandant of Punjab Armed Police and Group Commandant of CISF, Bombay. He resigned from Indian Police Service on 18 June 1984 to protest against the Operation Blue Star.In 1984, he resigned from his post as Group Commandant of the CISF in Bombay to protest against 1984 anti-Sikh riots and attack on the Harmandir Sahib during Operation Blue Star and was detained. Mann was later charged, among other things, with conspiracy to assassinate Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.He was elected "in absentia" to the Rajya Sabha by an overwhelming mandate in the State of Punjab, and unconditionally released "in the interests of the State", with all charges dropped, after five years in prison, in November 1989. He was denied an Indian passport on the grounds that he was a "threat to the security and integrity of India". Mann was denied entry into the Indian Parliament when he insisted on carrying a sword with him, refusing to exchange it for an allowable smaller Kirpan.In May 1993, while campaigning in support of a candidate during the Jalandhar by-elections, a gunman attempted to assassinate Mann. However, no one was charged with the crime.On 3 November 1999, after Mann was elected to the Lok Sabha, the Punjab and Haryana High Court ordered the GoI and the Passport Office in Chandigarh to issue a passport to Mann.
|
[
"Member of the 9th Lok Sabha",
"Member of the 13th Lok Sabha"
] |
|
Which position did Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon hold in Jun, 1951?
|
June 11, 1951
|
{
"text": [
"Governor of Jamaica"
]
}
|
L2_Q1634339_P39_0
|
Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon holds the position of Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom to the United Nations, New York from Jan, 1964 to Jan, 1970.
Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon holds the position of Member of the House of Lords from Oct, 1964 to Sep, 1990.
Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon holds the position of Governor of British Cyprus from Dec, 1957 to Aug, 1960.
Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon holds the position of Governor of Jamaica from Jan, 1951 to Jan, 1957.
Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon holds the position of ambassador of the United Kingdom to the United Nations Trusteeship Council from Jan, 1961 to Jan, 1962.
|
Hugh Foot, Baron CaradonHugh Mackintosh Foot, Baron Caradon (8 October 1907 – 5 September 1990) was a British colonial administrator and diplomat who was Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom to the United Nations and the last governor of British Cyprus.Hugh Mackintosh Foot was born in Plymouth on 8 October 1907. He was educated at Leighton Park School in Reading, Berkshire, and went on to study at St John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1929. He was President of the Cambridge Union and also of the Cambridge University Liberal Club. His three politically active brothers, Dingle, John and Michael, were all educated at Oxford and all became Presidents of the Oxford Union.Hugh Foot's career in the diplomatic service was both long and distinguished. In Mandatory Palestine, he served as the assistant district commissioner for the Nablus region. During the Second World War he was appointed as British Military Administrator of Cyrenaica, and served as Colonial Secretary of Cyprus from 1943 to 1945. After the War, he served as Colonial Secretary of Jamaica, 1945–47, Chief Secretary for Nigeria, 1947–50 and was appointed to be the Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief of Jamaica in 1951, a post he held until 1957.He returned to Cyprus as the last colonial Governor and Commander in Chief in 1957 until 1960, when Cyprus gained independence. In 1961, he became British Ambassador to the United Nations Trusteeship Council. After the Labour Party won the 1964 general election, Foot became Minister of State for Foreign Affairs and Permanent Representatives from the United Kingdom to the United Nations from 1964 to 1970. During his tenure as Permanent Representative, he was sworn of the Privy Council in the 1968 New Year Honours. After his retirement, he became a Visiting Fellow at Harvard University and Princeton University.In 1964 Foot was granted a life peerage as Baron Caradon, of St Cleer in the County of Cornwall, the title referring to Caradon Hill on Bodmin Moor, not far from Trematon Castle, which was his country home. He jokingly claimed to be glad to be divested of the surname "Foot", which he considered a standing invitation to wags, as he liked to illustrate by recalling a telegram his father received on his election to parliament: "Foot, congratulations on your feat!" Foot was an active freemason.Foot was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1939 New Year Honours and elevated Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in the 1946 Birthday Honours. He was elevated Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in the 1951 New Year Honours and was appointed Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO) on 27 November 1953. In the 1957 Birthday Honours, he was elevated a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG).He was one of the four sons of the Liberal Member of Parliament Isaac Foot, his three brothers being the politician Sir Dingle Foot, the life peer Lord Foot, and the journalist and Labour Party leader Michael Foot. "We were proud to be nonconformists and Roundheads", Caradon once wrote of his family: "Oliver Cromwell was our hero and John Milton our poet."Foot married Florence Sylvia Tod in 1936. She predeceased him in 1985. They had three sons and a daughter together:Foot died in Plymouth, aged 82, on 5 September 1990. He was survived by his four children.
|
[
"Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom to the United Nations, New York",
"ambassador of the United Kingdom to the United Nations Trusteeship Council",
"Member of the House of Lords",
"Governor of British Cyprus"
] |
|
Which position did Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon hold in Apr, 1960?
|
April 21, 1960
|
{
"text": [
"Governor of British Cyprus"
]
}
|
L2_Q1634339_P39_1
|
Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon holds the position of ambassador of the United Kingdom to the United Nations Trusteeship Council from Jan, 1961 to Jan, 1962.
Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon holds the position of Governor of British Cyprus from Dec, 1957 to Aug, 1960.
Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon holds the position of Member of the House of Lords from Oct, 1964 to Sep, 1990.
Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon holds the position of Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom to the United Nations, New York from Jan, 1964 to Jan, 1970.
Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon holds the position of Governor of Jamaica from Jan, 1951 to Jan, 1957.
|
Hugh Foot, Baron CaradonHugh Mackintosh Foot, Baron Caradon (8 October 1907 – 5 September 1990) was a British colonial administrator and diplomat who was Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom to the United Nations and the last governor of British Cyprus.Hugh Mackintosh Foot was born in Plymouth on 8 October 1907. He was educated at Leighton Park School in Reading, Berkshire, and went on to study at St John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1929. He was President of the Cambridge Union and also of the Cambridge University Liberal Club. His three politically active brothers, Dingle, John and Michael, were all educated at Oxford and all became Presidents of the Oxford Union.Hugh Foot's career in the diplomatic service was both long and distinguished. In Mandatory Palestine, he served as the assistant district commissioner for the Nablus region. During the Second World War he was appointed as British Military Administrator of Cyrenaica, and served as Colonial Secretary of Cyprus from 1943 to 1945. After the War, he served as Colonial Secretary of Jamaica, 1945–47, Chief Secretary for Nigeria, 1947–50 and was appointed to be the Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief of Jamaica in 1951, a post he held until 1957.He returned to Cyprus as the last colonial Governor and Commander in Chief in 1957 until 1960, when Cyprus gained independence. In 1961, he became British Ambassador to the United Nations Trusteeship Council. After the Labour Party won the 1964 general election, Foot became Minister of State for Foreign Affairs and Permanent Representatives from the United Kingdom to the United Nations from 1964 to 1970. During his tenure as Permanent Representative, he was sworn of the Privy Council in the 1968 New Year Honours. After his retirement, he became a Visiting Fellow at Harvard University and Princeton University.In 1964 Foot was granted a life peerage as Baron Caradon, of St Cleer in the County of Cornwall, the title referring to Caradon Hill on Bodmin Moor, not far from Trematon Castle, which was his country home. He jokingly claimed to be glad to be divested of the surname "Foot", which he considered a standing invitation to wags, as he liked to illustrate by recalling a telegram his father received on his election to parliament: "Foot, congratulations on your feat!" Foot was an active freemason.Foot was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1939 New Year Honours and elevated Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in the 1946 Birthday Honours. He was elevated Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in the 1951 New Year Honours and was appointed Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO) on 27 November 1953. In the 1957 Birthday Honours, he was elevated a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG).He was one of the four sons of the Liberal Member of Parliament Isaac Foot, his three brothers being the politician Sir Dingle Foot, the life peer Lord Foot, and the journalist and Labour Party leader Michael Foot. "We were proud to be nonconformists and Roundheads", Caradon once wrote of his family: "Oliver Cromwell was our hero and John Milton our poet."Foot married Florence Sylvia Tod in 1936. She predeceased him in 1985. They had three sons and a daughter together:Foot died in Plymouth, aged 82, on 5 September 1990. He was survived by his four children.
|
[
"Governor of Jamaica",
"Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom to the United Nations, New York",
"ambassador of the United Kingdom to the United Nations Trusteeship Council",
"Member of the House of Lords"
] |
|
Which position did Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon hold in Nov, 1961?
|
November 19, 1961
|
{
"text": [
"ambassador of the United Kingdom to the United Nations Trusteeship Council"
]
}
|
L2_Q1634339_P39_2
|
Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon holds the position of Governor of Jamaica from Jan, 1951 to Jan, 1957.
Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon holds the position of Member of the House of Lords from Oct, 1964 to Sep, 1990.
Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon holds the position of Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom to the United Nations, New York from Jan, 1964 to Jan, 1970.
Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon holds the position of ambassador of the United Kingdom to the United Nations Trusteeship Council from Jan, 1961 to Jan, 1962.
Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon holds the position of Governor of British Cyprus from Dec, 1957 to Aug, 1960.
|
Hugh Foot, Baron CaradonHugh Mackintosh Foot, Baron Caradon (8 October 1907 – 5 September 1990) was a British colonial administrator and diplomat who was Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom to the United Nations and the last governor of British Cyprus.Hugh Mackintosh Foot was born in Plymouth on 8 October 1907. He was educated at Leighton Park School in Reading, Berkshire, and went on to study at St John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1929. He was President of the Cambridge Union and also of the Cambridge University Liberal Club. His three politically active brothers, Dingle, John and Michael, were all educated at Oxford and all became Presidents of the Oxford Union.Hugh Foot's career in the diplomatic service was both long and distinguished. In Mandatory Palestine, he served as the assistant district commissioner for the Nablus region. During the Second World War he was appointed as British Military Administrator of Cyrenaica, and served as Colonial Secretary of Cyprus from 1943 to 1945. After the War, he served as Colonial Secretary of Jamaica, 1945–47, Chief Secretary for Nigeria, 1947–50 and was appointed to be the Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief of Jamaica in 1951, a post he held until 1957.He returned to Cyprus as the last colonial Governor and Commander in Chief in 1957 until 1960, when Cyprus gained independence. In 1961, he became British Ambassador to the United Nations Trusteeship Council. After the Labour Party won the 1964 general election, Foot became Minister of State for Foreign Affairs and Permanent Representatives from the United Kingdom to the United Nations from 1964 to 1970. During his tenure as Permanent Representative, he was sworn of the Privy Council in the 1968 New Year Honours. After his retirement, he became a Visiting Fellow at Harvard University and Princeton University.In 1964 Foot was granted a life peerage as Baron Caradon, of St Cleer in the County of Cornwall, the title referring to Caradon Hill on Bodmin Moor, not far from Trematon Castle, which was his country home. He jokingly claimed to be glad to be divested of the surname "Foot", which he considered a standing invitation to wags, as he liked to illustrate by recalling a telegram his father received on his election to parliament: "Foot, congratulations on your feat!" Foot was an active freemason.Foot was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1939 New Year Honours and elevated Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in the 1946 Birthday Honours. He was elevated Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in the 1951 New Year Honours and was appointed Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO) on 27 November 1953. In the 1957 Birthday Honours, he was elevated a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG).He was one of the four sons of the Liberal Member of Parliament Isaac Foot, his three brothers being the politician Sir Dingle Foot, the life peer Lord Foot, and the journalist and Labour Party leader Michael Foot. "We were proud to be nonconformists and Roundheads", Caradon once wrote of his family: "Oliver Cromwell was our hero and John Milton our poet."Foot married Florence Sylvia Tod in 1936. She predeceased him in 1985. They had three sons and a daughter together:Foot died in Plymouth, aged 82, on 5 September 1990. He was survived by his four children.
|
[
"Governor of Jamaica",
"Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom to the United Nations, New York",
"Member of the House of Lords",
"Governor of British Cyprus"
] |
|
Which position did Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon hold in Jan, 1964?
|
January 08, 1964
|
{
"text": [
"Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom to the United Nations, New York"
]
}
|
L2_Q1634339_P39_3
|
Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon holds the position of Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom to the United Nations, New York from Jan, 1964 to Jan, 1970.
Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon holds the position of ambassador of the United Kingdom to the United Nations Trusteeship Council from Jan, 1961 to Jan, 1962.
Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon holds the position of Governor of British Cyprus from Dec, 1957 to Aug, 1960.
Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon holds the position of Governor of Jamaica from Jan, 1951 to Jan, 1957.
Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon holds the position of Member of the House of Lords from Oct, 1964 to Sep, 1990.
|
Hugh Foot, Baron CaradonHugh Mackintosh Foot, Baron Caradon (8 October 1907 – 5 September 1990) was a British colonial administrator and diplomat who was Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom to the United Nations and the last governor of British Cyprus.Hugh Mackintosh Foot was born in Plymouth on 8 October 1907. He was educated at Leighton Park School in Reading, Berkshire, and went on to study at St John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1929. He was President of the Cambridge Union and also of the Cambridge University Liberal Club. His three politically active brothers, Dingle, John and Michael, were all educated at Oxford and all became Presidents of the Oxford Union.Hugh Foot's career in the diplomatic service was both long and distinguished. In Mandatory Palestine, he served as the assistant district commissioner for the Nablus region. During the Second World War he was appointed as British Military Administrator of Cyrenaica, and served as Colonial Secretary of Cyprus from 1943 to 1945. After the War, he served as Colonial Secretary of Jamaica, 1945–47, Chief Secretary for Nigeria, 1947–50 and was appointed to be the Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief of Jamaica in 1951, a post he held until 1957.He returned to Cyprus as the last colonial Governor and Commander in Chief in 1957 until 1960, when Cyprus gained independence. In 1961, he became British Ambassador to the United Nations Trusteeship Council. After the Labour Party won the 1964 general election, Foot became Minister of State for Foreign Affairs and Permanent Representatives from the United Kingdom to the United Nations from 1964 to 1970. During his tenure as Permanent Representative, he was sworn of the Privy Council in the 1968 New Year Honours. After his retirement, he became a Visiting Fellow at Harvard University and Princeton University.In 1964 Foot was granted a life peerage as Baron Caradon, of St Cleer in the County of Cornwall, the title referring to Caradon Hill on Bodmin Moor, not far from Trematon Castle, which was his country home. He jokingly claimed to be glad to be divested of the surname "Foot", which he considered a standing invitation to wags, as he liked to illustrate by recalling a telegram his father received on his election to parliament: "Foot, congratulations on your feat!" Foot was an active freemason.Foot was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1939 New Year Honours and elevated Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in the 1946 Birthday Honours. He was elevated Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in the 1951 New Year Honours and was appointed Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO) on 27 November 1953. In the 1957 Birthday Honours, he was elevated a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG).He was one of the four sons of the Liberal Member of Parliament Isaac Foot, his three brothers being the politician Sir Dingle Foot, the life peer Lord Foot, and the journalist and Labour Party leader Michael Foot. "We were proud to be nonconformists and Roundheads", Caradon once wrote of his family: "Oliver Cromwell was our hero and John Milton our poet."Foot married Florence Sylvia Tod in 1936. She predeceased him in 1985. They had three sons and a daughter together:Foot died in Plymouth, aged 82, on 5 September 1990. He was survived by his four children.
|
[
"Governor of Jamaica",
"ambassador of the United Kingdom to the United Nations Trusteeship Council",
"Member of the House of Lords",
"Governor of British Cyprus"
] |
|
Which position did Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon hold in Aug, 1989?
|
August 09, 1989
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the House of Lords"
]
}
|
L2_Q1634339_P39_4
|
Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon holds the position of Member of the House of Lords from Oct, 1964 to Sep, 1990.
Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon holds the position of ambassador of the United Kingdom to the United Nations Trusteeship Council from Jan, 1961 to Jan, 1962.
Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon holds the position of Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom to the United Nations, New York from Jan, 1964 to Jan, 1970.
Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon holds the position of Governor of British Cyprus from Dec, 1957 to Aug, 1960.
Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon holds the position of Governor of Jamaica from Jan, 1951 to Jan, 1957.
|
Hugh Foot, Baron CaradonHugh Mackintosh Foot, Baron Caradon (8 October 1907 – 5 September 1990) was a British colonial administrator and diplomat who was Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom to the United Nations and the last governor of British Cyprus.Hugh Mackintosh Foot was born in Plymouth on 8 October 1907. He was educated at Leighton Park School in Reading, Berkshire, and went on to study at St John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1929. He was President of the Cambridge Union and also of the Cambridge University Liberal Club. His three politically active brothers, Dingle, John and Michael, were all educated at Oxford and all became Presidents of the Oxford Union.Hugh Foot's career in the diplomatic service was both long and distinguished. In Mandatory Palestine, he served as the assistant district commissioner for the Nablus region. During the Second World War he was appointed as British Military Administrator of Cyrenaica, and served as Colonial Secretary of Cyprus from 1943 to 1945. After the War, he served as Colonial Secretary of Jamaica, 1945–47, Chief Secretary for Nigeria, 1947–50 and was appointed to be the Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief of Jamaica in 1951, a post he held until 1957.He returned to Cyprus as the last colonial Governor and Commander in Chief in 1957 until 1960, when Cyprus gained independence. In 1961, he became British Ambassador to the United Nations Trusteeship Council. After the Labour Party won the 1964 general election, Foot became Minister of State for Foreign Affairs and Permanent Representatives from the United Kingdom to the United Nations from 1964 to 1970. During his tenure as Permanent Representative, he was sworn of the Privy Council in the 1968 New Year Honours. After his retirement, he became a Visiting Fellow at Harvard University and Princeton University.In 1964 Foot was granted a life peerage as Baron Caradon, of St Cleer in the County of Cornwall, the title referring to Caradon Hill on Bodmin Moor, not far from Trematon Castle, which was his country home. He jokingly claimed to be glad to be divested of the surname "Foot", which he considered a standing invitation to wags, as he liked to illustrate by recalling a telegram his father received on his election to parliament: "Foot, congratulations on your feat!" Foot was an active freemason.Foot was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1939 New Year Honours and elevated Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in the 1946 Birthday Honours. He was elevated Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in the 1951 New Year Honours and was appointed Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO) on 27 November 1953. In the 1957 Birthday Honours, he was elevated a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG).He was one of the four sons of the Liberal Member of Parliament Isaac Foot, his three brothers being the politician Sir Dingle Foot, the life peer Lord Foot, and the journalist and Labour Party leader Michael Foot. "We were proud to be nonconformists and Roundheads", Caradon once wrote of his family: "Oliver Cromwell was our hero and John Milton our poet."Foot married Florence Sylvia Tod in 1936. She predeceased him in 1985. They had three sons and a daughter together:Foot died in Plymouth, aged 82, on 5 September 1990. He was survived by his four children.
|
[
"Governor of Jamaica",
"Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom to the United Nations, New York",
"ambassador of the United Kingdom to the United Nations Trusteeship Council",
"Governor of British Cyprus"
] |
|
Which employer did David K. Levine work for in Jan, 1988?
|
January 14, 1988
|
{
"text": [
"University of Minnesota"
]
}
|
L2_Q5235801_P108_0
|
David K. Levine works for University of California, Los Angeles from Jul, 1988 to Jun, 2006.
David K. Levine works for University of Minnesota from Sep, 1987 to Jun, 1988.
David K. Levine works for Washington University in St. Louis from Jul, 2006 to Jun, 2016.
David K. Levine works for European University Institute from Sep, 2013 to Dec, 2022.
|
David K. LevineDavid Knudsen Levine (born c. 1955) is department of Economics and Robert Schuman Center for Advanced Study Joint Chair at the European University Institute; he is John H. Biggs Distinguished Professor of Economics Emeritus at Washington University in St. Louis. His research includes the study of intellectual property and endogenous growth in dynamic general equilibrium models, the endogenous formation of preferences, social norms and institutions, learning in games, and game theory applications to experimental economics.At UCLA, Levine obtained a B.A. in mathematics in 1977, and an M.A. in economics in the same year. He was awarded a Ph.D. in economics at MIT in June 1981. He became an assistant professor of economics at UCLA in July 1981, an associate professor of economics at the University of Minnesota in 1987, and a professor of economics at UCLA in the same year. In 1997 he became the Armen Alchian Professor of Economics at UCLA. In 2006 he moved to Washington University in St. Louis, where he became the John H. Biggs Distinguished Professor of Economics.Levine was the coeditor of the "Review of Economic Dynamics" from November 1996 to June 2001, and of "Econometrica" from July 2003 to June 2008. He presided the Society for Economic Dynamics from July 2006 to June 2009.Levine is a Fellow of the Econometric Society since 1989 and a research associate at NBER since 2006.David K. Levine conducts ongoing research in general equilibrium theory, focusing specifically on growth theory, innovation, and intellectual property. Collaborating with Michele Boldrin, Levine examines the role of increasing returns in growth and innovation. They posit that little evidence exists for increasing returns at the aggregate level, and thus argue that there is no reason to believe that increasing returns play an important role in growth. This theory concludes that existing claims for the necessity of intellectual property in the process of growth and innovation are greatly exaggerated.Levine also conducts research in the field of dynamic games. He established with Drew Fudenberg that a long-lived player playing in opposition to short-lived players can substitute reputation for commitment. He developed with Eric Maskin the first "folk theorem" for games in which players do not directly observe each other's decisions, with applications for learning in games. They argued that while learning theories cannot provide detailed descriptions of non-equilibrium behavior, they act as a useful tool in understanding which equilibria are likely to emerge. One example of this, they put forward, explains how superstitions survive in the face of rational learning.Levine currently studies the endogenous formation of preferences and social norms. His analysis of experimental anomalies explores some of the limitations of the standard economic model of self-interested individuals.
|
[
"University of California, Los Angeles",
"European University Institute",
"Washington University in St. Louis"
] |
|
Which employer did David K. Levine work for in Sep, 1995?
|
September 02, 1995
|
{
"text": [
"University of California, Los Angeles"
]
}
|
L2_Q5235801_P108_1
|
David K. Levine works for Washington University in St. Louis from Jul, 2006 to Jun, 2016.
David K. Levine works for University of Minnesota from Sep, 1987 to Jun, 1988.
David K. Levine works for University of California, Los Angeles from Jul, 1988 to Jun, 2006.
David K. Levine works for European University Institute from Sep, 2013 to Dec, 2022.
|
David K. LevineDavid Knudsen Levine (born c. 1955) is department of Economics and Robert Schuman Center for Advanced Study Joint Chair at the European University Institute; he is John H. Biggs Distinguished Professor of Economics Emeritus at Washington University in St. Louis. His research includes the study of intellectual property and endogenous growth in dynamic general equilibrium models, the endogenous formation of preferences, social norms and institutions, learning in games, and game theory applications to experimental economics.At UCLA, Levine obtained a B.A. in mathematics in 1977, and an M.A. in economics in the same year. He was awarded a Ph.D. in economics at MIT in June 1981. He became an assistant professor of economics at UCLA in July 1981, an associate professor of economics at the University of Minnesota in 1987, and a professor of economics at UCLA in the same year. In 1997 he became the Armen Alchian Professor of Economics at UCLA. In 2006 he moved to Washington University in St. Louis, where he became the John H. Biggs Distinguished Professor of Economics.Levine was the coeditor of the "Review of Economic Dynamics" from November 1996 to June 2001, and of "Econometrica" from July 2003 to June 2008. He presided the Society for Economic Dynamics from July 2006 to June 2009.Levine is a Fellow of the Econometric Society since 1989 and a research associate at NBER since 2006.David K. Levine conducts ongoing research in general equilibrium theory, focusing specifically on growth theory, innovation, and intellectual property. Collaborating with Michele Boldrin, Levine examines the role of increasing returns in growth and innovation. They posit that little evidence exists for increasing returns at the aggregate level, and thus argue that there is no reason to believe that increasing returns play an important role in growth. This theory concludes that existing claims for the necessity of intellectual property in the process of growth and innovation are greatly exaggerated.Levine also conducts research in the field of dynamic games. He established with Drew Fudenberg that a long-lived player playing in opposition to short-lived players can substitute reputation for commitment. He developed with Eric Maskin the first "folk theorem" for games in which players do not directly observe each other's decisions, with applications for learning in games. They argued that while learning theories cannot provide detailed descriptions of non-equilibrium behavior, they act as a useful tool in understanding which equilibria are likely to emerge. One example of this, they put forward, explains how superstitions survive in the face of rational learning.Levine currently studies the endogenous formation of preferences and social norms. His analysis of experimental anomalies explores some of the limitations of the standard economic model of self-interested individuals.
|
[
"Washington University in St. Louis",
"University of Minnesota",
"European University Institute"
] |
|
Which employer did David K. Levine work for in Dec, 2013?
|
December 03, 2013
|
{
"text": [
"Washington University in St. Louis",
"European University Institute"
]
}
|
L2_Q5235801_P108_2
|
David K. Levine works for University of California, Los Angeles from Jul, 1988 to Jun, 2006.
David K. Levine works for European University Institute from Sep, 2013 to Dec, 2022.
David K. Levine works for University of Minnesota from Sep, 1987 to Jun, 1988.
David K. Levine works for Washington University in St. Louis from Jul, 2006 to Jun, 2016.
|
David K. LevineDavid Knudsen Levine (born c. 1955) is department of Economics and Robert Schuman Center for Advanced Study Joint Chair at the European University Institute; he is John H. Biggs Distinguished Professor of Economics Emeritus at Washington University in St. Louis. His research includes the study of intellectual property and endogenous growth in dynamic general equilibrium models, the endogenous formation of preferences, social norms and institutions, learning in games, and game theory applications to experimental economics.At UCLA, Levine obtained a B.A. in mathematics in 1977, and an M.A. in economics in the same year. He was awarded a Ph.D. in economics at MIT in June 1981. He became an assistant professor of economics at UCLA in July 1981, an associate professor of economics at the University of Minnesota in 1987, and a professor of economics at UCLA in the same year. In 1997 he became the Armen Alchian Professor of Economics at UCLA. In 2006 he moved to Washington University in St. Louis, where he became the John H. Biggs Distinguished Professor of Economics.Levine was the coeditor of the "Review of Economic Dynamics" from November 1996 to June 2001, and of "Econometrica" from July 2003 to June 2008. He presided the Society for Economic Dynamics from July 2006 to June 2009.Levine is a Fellow of the Econometric Society since 1989 and a research associate at NBER since 2006.David K. Levine conducts ongoing research in general equilibrium theory, focusing specifically on growth theory, innovation, and intellectual property. Collaborating with Michele Boldrin, Levine examines the role of increasing returns in growth and innovation. They posit that little evidence exists for increasing returns at the aggregate level, and thus argue that there is no reason to believe that increasing returns play an important role in growth. This theory concludes that existing claims for the necessity of intellectual property in the process of growth and innovation are greatly exaggerated.Levine also conducts research in the field of dynamic games. He established with Drew Fudenberg that a long-lived player playing in opposition to short-lived players can substitute reputation for commitment. He developed with Eric Maskin the first "folk theorem" for games in which players do not directly observe each other's decisions, with applications for learning in games. They argued that while learning theories cannot provide detailed descriptions of non-equilibrium behavior, they act as a useful tool in understanding which equilibria are likely to emerge. One example of this, they put forward, explains how superstitions survive in the face of rational learning.Levine currently studies the endogenous formation of preferences and social norms. His analysis of experimental anomalies explores some of the limitations of the standard economic model of self-interested individuals.
|
[
"University of California, Los Angeles",
"University of Minnesota"
] |
|
Which employer did David K. Levine work for in Apr, 2021?
|
April 12, 2021
|
{
"text": [
"European University Institute"
]
}
|
L2_Q5235801_P108_3
|
David K. Levine works for European University Institute from Sep, 2013 to Dec, 2022.
David K. Levine works for Washington University in St. Louis from Jul, 2006 to Jun, 2016.
David K. Levine works for University of Minnesota from Sep, 1987 to Jun, 1988.
David K. Levine works for University of California, Los Angeles from Jul, 1988 to Jun, 2006.
|
David K. LevineDavid Knudsen Levine (born c. 1955) is department of Economics and Robert Schuman Center for Advanced Study Joint Chair at the European University Institute; he is John H. Biggs Distinguished Professor of Economics Emeritus at Washington University in St. Louis. His research includes the study of intellectual property and endogenous growth in dynamic general equilibrium models, the endogenous formation of preferences, social norms and institutions, learning in games, and game theory applications to experimental economics.At UCLA, Levine obtained a B.A. in mathematics in 1977, and an M.A. in economics in the same year. He was awarded a Ph.D. in economics at MIT in June 1981. He became an assistant professor of economics at UCLA in July 1981, an associate professor of economics at the University of Minnesota in 1987, and a professor of economics at UCLA in the same year. In 1997 he became the Armen Alchian Professor of Economics at UCLA. In 2006 he moved to Washington University in St. Louis, where he became the John H. Biggs Distinguished Professor of Economics.Levine was the coeditor of the "Review of Economic Dynamics" from November 1996 to June 2001, and of "Econometrica" from July 2003 to June 2008. He presided the Society for Economic Dynamics from July 2006 to June 2009.Levine is a Fellow of the Econometric Society since 1989 and a research associate at NBER since 2006.David K. Levine conducts ongoing research in general equilibrium theory, focusing specifically on growth theory, innovation, and intellectual property. Collaborating with Michele Boldrin, Levine examines the role of increasing returns in growth and innovation. They posit that little evidence exists for increasing returns at the aggregate level, and thus argue that there is no reason to believe that increasing returns play an important role in growth. This theory concludes that existing claims for the necessity of intellectual property in the process of growth and innovation are greatly exaggerated.Levine also conducts research in the field of dynamic games. He established with Drew Fudenberg that a long-lived player playing in opposition to short-lived players can substitute reputation for commitment. He developed with Eric Maskin the first "folk theorem" for games in which players do not directly observe each other's decisions, with applications for learning in games. They argued that while learning theories cannot provide detailed descriptions of non-equilibrium behavior, they act as a useful tool in understanding which equilibria are likely to emerge. One example of this, they put forward, explains how superstitions survive in the face of rational learning.Levine currently studies the endogenous formation of preferences and social norms. His analysis of experimental anomalies explores some of the limitations of the standard economic model of self-interested individuals.
|
[
"University of California, Los Angeles",
"University of Minnesota",
"Washington University in St. Louis"
] |
|
Which political party did Paweł Adamowicz belong to in Nov, 1991?
|
November 21, 1991
|
{
"text": [
"Liberal Democratic Congress"
]
}
|
L2_Q2065090_P102_0
|
Paweł Adamowicz is a member of the Liberal Democratic Congress from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1994.
Paweł Adamowicz is a member of the Civic Platform from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2015.
Paweł Adamowicz is a member of the independent politician from Jan, 2015 to Jan, 2019.
|
Paweł AdamowiczPaweł Bogdan Adamowicz (; 2 November 1965 – 14 January 2019) was a Polish politician and lawyer who served as the city mayor of Gdańsk from 1998 until his assassination in 2019.Adamowicz was one of the organizers of the 1988 Polish strikes before becoming the head of the strike committee. In 1990, he was elected to the Gdańsk City Council, chairing the body from 1994 during his second term and holding this post until 1998. He was elected Mayor of Gdańsk in 1998 and reelected in 2002 with 72% of the vote. In 2018, he was reelected as an Independent. He was known as a liberal, progressive figure, speaking in support of LGBT rights, immigration, and minority groups such as Kashubians.On 13 January 2019, Adamowicz was stabbed during a live charity event in Gdansk, the Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity's 27th Grand Finale by 27-year-old Stefan Wilmont, a former inmate diagnosed with schizophrenia. Adamowicz died the following day from his injuries, at the age of 53.Adamowicz was born in Gdańsk. His parents Ryszard and Teresa were Polish economists, who were moved to Poland from Vilnius, LSSR, in 1946. Paweł later recalled that his parents were suspicious of communism and party propaganda. "Like many Poles of our generation, [my] brother and I have thus been shaped against the obligatory official history; since childhood we have known not only the sinister wording of the Gestapo abbreviation, but also the NKVD; we perfectly understood what is behind the names of distant places: Kazakhstan, Siberia, Katyn. We hardly saw a place for ourselves in this double world."He studied law at the University of Gdańsk, where he also rose to prominence as a student movement member. He was one of the organizers of the 1988 strike, becoming the head of the strike committee. Between 1990 and 1993, he served as a vice-rector for student affairs at his alma mater.In 1990, Adamowicz was elected a member of the city council in Gdańsk, chairing the council from 1994 in his second term, and holding this post until 1998, when he was elected the Mayor of Gdańsk. On 10 November 2002, he was re-elected with 72% of the vote.He was awarded the "Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice" Golden Cross by Pope John Paul II, and the Cross of Merit in 2003 by President Aleksander Kwaśniewski. In 2014, he received the Cross of Freedom and Solidarity in honour of his contributions on behalf of Polish democracy.In 2018, he was an honorary patron of the 4th Gdańsk Gay Pride Parade, in which he also participated.In November 2018, Adamowicz ran as an independent for the office of Mayor of Gdańsk and was re-elected for a sixth term, being endorsed by the Civic Platform and remaining a vocal critic of the current ruling party in Poland, Law and Justice. He was due to serve until 2023.In 1999, Adamowicz married Magdalena Abramska, a law student at Gdańsk University whom he met during his studies. She later became a professor of law there. They have two daughters, Antonina (born 2003) and Teresa (born 2010).On 13 January 2019, Adamowicz was stabbed in the heart and through the diaphragm with a knife on stage at the Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity event in Gdańsk and was taken to University Clinical Centre in Gdańsk in critical condition, where he underwent five hours of surgery. He succumbed to his injuries the following day.The assassin was apprehended at the scene of the crime. A Gdańsk police spokesman said the detained man was a 27-year-old Stefan W. who lived in the city; the spokesman also stated that the man had a "long criminal history", including four bank robberies. After stabbing the mayor, he seized the microphone and claimed false imprisonment and torture at the hands of the previous centrist Civic Platform (PO) government. Adamowicz's murder was inadvertently captured on video by the many attendees of the charity event.On 14 January, thousands attended vigils across Poland to pay their respects to Adamowicz. His widow, Magdalena, who was in London at the time of the assassination, was flown back to Poland by the Polish government.President Andrzej Duda described the attack as a "hard-to-imagine evil" and stated that the day of Adamowicz's funeral will be observed as a national day of mourning. Interior Minister Joachim Brudziński described the attack as "an act of inexplicable barbarism" and, on Twitter, EU Council President Donald Tusk said, "Paweł Adamowicz, Mayor of Gdańsk, a man of Solidarity and freedom, a European, my good friend, has been murdered. May he rest in peace."Jean-Claude Juncker, the President of the European Commission, expressed "great sadness" and offered his "deepest condolences" on behalf of the European Commission. The European Parliament held a minute of silence to honour Adamowicz, with President Antonio Tajani speaking of the mayor's "closeness to the people" and "ability to listen". Sadiq Khan, the Mayor of London, described the attack as "Devastating violence ... for all of us who value public service and open, accessible democracy". Anton Alikhanov, the governor of the neighbouring Kaliningrad Oblast in Russia, expressed his condolences, calling Adamowicz "our great friend" and proclaiming a minute of silence in memory of his death. On the day of his funeral, Pope Francis offered his condolences as well as gifts for the family of Adamowicz. The mayor of Bremen Carsten Sieling, which Gdańsk is a twin city with, said "we are shocked by the terrifying and cruel death of Paweł Adamowicz". In the city hall a book of condolence was displayed from 14 January through to the 17th.On 17 January 2019, Zdeněk Hřib, the Mayor of Prague, appealed to the city council to name a street in Prague in honor of Paweł Adamowicz. On 5 June 2019, a promenade in the Riegrovy Sady park in Prague named after Adamowicz was officially inaugurated. On 10 October 2019, the city of Athens Award for Democracy, "Honoring those building bridges when others build walls" was presented to the family of the victim by the mayor of Athens K. Bakogiannis.On 18 January 2019, Adamowicz's coffin was decorated with white flowers and draped with the flag of Gdańsk, before being driven in a hearse from the European Solidarity Centre in the city, past schools, monuments and other places significant to the dead mayor's life. It was watched by thousands of people on screen. When the hearse reached the Church of St Mary, the city's main basilica, the coffin was brought into the church. After a mass, Adamowicz was cremated.On 19 January, the main funeral service was held at St Mary's Church, Gdańsk. Notable people who attended included the President of the European Council Donald Tusk, President of Poland Andrzej Duda, Prime Minister of Poland Mateusz Morawiecki, former President of Poland, communist oppositionist and Nobel Peace Prize winner Lech Wałęsa, former Polish Presidents Aleksander Kwaśniewski and Bronisław Komorowski, and former German President Joachim Gauck. Thousands more Poles watched the service on screens. At the end of the service, Adamowicz's ashes were laid to rest in one of the chapels of St Mary's Church in Gdańsk.
|
[
"Civic Platform",
"independent politician"
] |
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