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295ede1b77743b13 | #### Target oxygen saturation
Available data suggest nearly all preterm newborns <32 weeks gestation will receive oxygen supplementation in the first 5 min after delivery in order to achieve commonly recommended oxygen saturation targets.276,281,283 However, it may be difficult to titrate the oxygen concentration in t... |
56557fd66f66ab5b | ### Umbilical vein catheterisation (UVC) and intraosseous (IO) access
A systematic review on the use of IO in neonates in any situation identified one case series and 12 case reports of IO device insertion into 41 neonates delivering several drugs including adrenaline and volume.317 However, whilst the IO route has be... |
5fbc28e4cdcd0949 | ## Peripheral access
No studies were identified reviewing the use of peripheral IV cannulation in infants requiring resuscitation at birth. A retrospective analysis of 61/70 newborn preterm infants requiring i/v access in a single centre showed that peripheral i/v cannulation is feasible and successful in most cases a... |
0c604f282be17806 | ## Drugs
Drugs are rarely indicated in resuscitation of the newborn infant.11,12 Bradycardia is usually caused by profound hypoxia and the key to resuscitation is aerating the fluid filled lungs and establishing adequate ventilation. However, if the heart rate remains less than 60 min despite apparently effective vent... |
54ef96a965bfd69e | #### Adrenaline
A recent systematic review identified 2 observational studies involving 97 newborn infants comparing doses and routes of administration of adrenaline.322 There were no differences between IV and endotracheal adrenaline for the primary outcome of death at hospital discharge (RR = 1.03 [95% CI 0.621.71])... |
97f556610ef3383a | #### Adrenaline
uman infant studies were found addressing IV dose or dosing interval (very low certainty evidence). Despite the lack of newborn human data it is reasonable to use adrenaline when effective ventilation and chest compressions have failed to increase the heart rate above 60 min . ILCOR treatment recommend... |
be2137f5e775b0f4 | #### Adrenaline
in 10 mL)) should be administered intravenously (weak recommendation, very low certainty evidence). If intravascular access is not yet available, endotracheal adrenaline at a larger dose of 50 100 micrograms kg (0.51.0 mL kg of 1:10,000 adrenaline [1 mg in 10 mL]) is suggested (weak recommendation, ver... |
bd79cd50751cbac8 | #### Adrenaline
ably intravascularly every 35 min are suggested (weak recommendation, very low certainty evidence). If the response to tracheal adrenaline is inadequate it is suggested an intravenous dose is given as soon as venous access is established regardless of the interval between doses (weak recommendation, ve... |
0952a5a58973ec6c | ## Glucose
Hypoglycaemia is an important additional risk factor for perinatal brain injury.323 Endogenous glycogen stores are rapidly depleted during prolonged hypoxia. In one study infants with birth asphyxia had, prior to administration of glucose in the delivery room, significantly lower blood glucose (1.9 0.6 mmol... |
e45b011f145a0535 | #### Volume replacement
A recent ILCOR evidence update1 identified no further human studies and a single animal RCT which supported the 2010 CoSTR recommendations.34,274 Early volume replacement is indicated for newborn infants with blood loss who are not responding to resuscitation. Therefore, if there has been suspe... |
f409ae4c10ffc1c8 | #### Volume replacement
ce of blood loss when the infant is unresponsive to ventilation, chest compressions and adrenaline. However, because blood loss may be occult and distinguishing normovolaemic infants with shock due to asphyxia from those who are hypovolaemic can be problematic, a trial of volume administration ... |
cf0144199d22c046 | #### Volume replacement
In the absence of suitable blood (i.e. group O Rh-negative blood), isotonic crystalloid rather than albumin is the solution of choice for restoring intravascular volume. Give a bolus of 10 mL kg initially. If successful it may need to be repeated to maintain an improvement. When resuscitating p... |
01198c8f5b7009ea | #### Sodium bicarbonate
If effective spontaneous cardiac output is not restored despite adequate ventilation and adequate chest compressions, reversing intracardiac acidosis may improve myocardial function and achieve a spontaneous circulation. There are insufficient data to recommend routine use of bicarbonate in res... |
53c43d82990592f9 | #### Naloxone
There is no strong evidence that naloxone confers any clinically important benefits to newborn infants with respiratory depression due to hypoxia.327,328 Current recommendations do not support use of naloxone during resuscitation with the preference being to concentrate on providing effective respiratory... |
198b0dc8f1d0e07a | #### Rewarming
If therapeutic hypothermia is not indicated, hypothermia after birth should be corrected because of evidence of poor outcomes.76,77 Infants should be maintained within the normal range of temperature.
A recent ILCOR evidence review identified no systematic reviews or RCTs published since the previous g... |
3c15c48c35f63c8d | #### Induced hypothermia
This topic has not been reviewed as part of the most recent ILCOR process. A Cochrane review including 11 randomised controlled trials comprising 1505 term and late preterm infants calculated that therapeutic hypothermia resulted in a statistically significant and clinically important reductio... |
f6ceb45c951a71f4 | #### Induced hypothermia
defined evidence-based protocols with treatment in neonatal intensive care facilities and with the capabilities for multidisciplinary care. Treatment should commence within 6 h of birth, target a temperature between 33.5 C and 34.5 C, continue for 72 h after birth and re-warm over at least 4 h... |
483fed18c7498afb | #### Prognostic tools
This subject was not reviewed through the ILCOR process. No systematic or scoping reviews have been identified.
The APGAR score was proposed as a "simple, common, clear classification or grading of newborn infants" to be used "as a basis for discussion and comparison of the results of obstetric ... |
a1f977c00eb3f3ed | #### Discontinuing resuscitation
Failure to achieve return of spontaneous circulation in newborn infants after 1020 min of intensive resuscitation is associated with a high risk of mortality and a high risk of severe neurodevelopmental impairment among survivors. There is no evidence that any specific duration of resu... |
deb2c5a1b46d705b | #### Discontinuing resuscitation
When the heart rate has been undetectable for longer than 10 min outcomes are not universally poor.366 For the composite outcome of survival without neurodevelopmental impairment a recent ILCOR systematic review identified low certainty evidence (downgraded for risk of bias and inconsi... |
5e684ea09e749802 | #### Discontinuing resuscitation
ias and inconsistency) from 13 studies involving 277 infants reporting neurodevelopmental outcomes. Among all 277 infants 69% died before last follow up, 18% survived with moderate to severe neurodevelopmental impairment and 11% were judged to have survived without moderate or severe n... |
c4a13b76c70263d2 | #### Discontinuing resuscitation
If despite provision of all the recommended steps of resuscitation, and excluding reversible causes a newborn infant requires ongoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation for a prolonged period, it would be appropriate to discontinue resuscitative efforts. A reasonable time frame to consider ... |
966b6e6ca7c681be | #### Discontinuing resuscitation
The decision to cease resuscitation is a clinical decision, but it is important, where possible, to give the family updates during the resuscitation and advance warning that there is a high chance the baby will not survive. In extremely preterm infants, prolonged resuscitation is assoc... |
a02c2d4a0234c186 | #### Withholding resuscitation
In situations where there is extremely high predicted mortality and severe morbidity in surviving infants, withholding resuscitation may be reasonable, particularly when there has been the opportunity for prior discussion with parents.372 Examples from the published literature include: e... |
f633f725175542d2 | # **Midwife Scope of Practice and the Competencies**
The [ICM International Definition and Scope of Practice of the Midwife](https://internationalmidwives.org/resources/international-definition-of-the-midwife/) sets out the boundaries of what a midwife can do on their own responsibility. *The Essential Competencies fo... |
97426b94e4878609 | # **The Structure of the Essential Competencies**
There are 37 competency statements that are written as holistic statements of competence that reflect the [ICM's Philosophy and Model of Midwifery Care](https://internationalmidwives.org/resources/philosophy-and-model-of-midwifery-care/) in addition to the [ICM Interna... |
bddd117de4c76b07 | # **The Structure of the Essential Competencies**
Each competency statement is further described by a list of knowledge, skills and behavioural indicators that provide guidance on what is required to achieve the competency. These components are not exhaustive, but they are the minimum required to achieve competence. T... |
da4f5a8b68ee97c5 | **Assume responsibility for continuing education and personal wellbeing as a midwife**
- Strategies for managing personal safety particularly within the facility or community setting
- Strategies for personal wellbeing and care-of-self-practices to maintain physical, mental and emotional health
- Self-regulation and r... |
aa8443728a5ebff9 | **Use research to inform practice**
- Relevance of using research and evidence-based practice
- Epidemiologic concepts relevant to women's health as well as sexual, reproductive, maternal, newborn and adolescent health
- Global recommendations for practice and their evidence base (e.g. World Health Organization guidel... |
a40a83ed466601df | **Uphold fundamental human rights of individuals when providing midwifery care**
- Principles, laws and codes that protect human rights
- Human right to be treated equally, regardless of sex, race, ethnicity, nationality, class, caste, religion, beliefs, gender, language, sexual orientation, age, health or marital sta... |
ef142b43d71f7c1f | **Demonstrate respectful and effective interpersonal communication with women and families, health care professionals, teams, and community groups**
- Role and responsibilities of midwives and other health providers in sexual and reproductive health, maternal and adolescent health
- Principles of respectful and effect... |
296ef47d5d5765d8 | **Assess the health status, screen for health risks, and promote general health and wellbeing of adolescent girls, women**
- Health needs of adolescents and women related to reproduction
- Health needs and conditions that affect (early) adolescent girls and the impacts of "child marriage"
- Health conditions that pose... |
3237d71a69ea9faa | **Prevent and treat common health problems within scope of midwifery practice**
- Common health problems related to sexuality, reproduction and early life
- Treatment of common health problems
- Strategies, including health education and promotion, to prevent and control the acquisition and transmission of environment... |
29f370e968728fed | **Recognise abnormalities and complications and provide appropriate treatment and referral when necessary**
- Complications/pathologic conditions related to health status, including communicable and non-communicable diseases
- Emergency interventions/lifesaving therapies/first level management including Basic Life Sup... |
b83a62eacff416c0 | **Recognise abnormalities and complications and provide appropriate treatment and referral when necessary**
- Maintain up-to-date knowledge, life-saving skills and equipment for responding to emergency situations
- Recognise signs, symptoms of complications and situations requiring expertise beyond midwife scope of pr... |
feca92c0738609a6 | **Recognise abnormalities and complications and provide appropriate treatment and referral when necessary**
- Maintain appropriate and effective communication with women about nature of problem, actions taken, consultation, referral and transfer of care if indicated
- Provide accurate oral and written information to o... |
08569de4323d0cae | **Facilitate normal/ physiological birth processes in institutional and community settings, including women's homes**
- Normal biological, psychological, social, and cultural aspects of reproduction and early life
- Practices that facilitate and those that interfere with physiological processes, including birth settin... |
33bd2eae089f2b2d | **Facilitate normal/ physiological birth processes in institutional and community settings, including women's homes**
- Fundamentals of environmental health especially in relation to ''WASH'' (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene)
- Health promotion and disease prevention |
5c1f8df5d50846c1 | **Facilitate normal/ physiological birth processes in institutional and community settings, including women's homes**
- Promote and facilitate policies and a work culture that protect the physiological, social and cultural processes of giving birth and enable continuity of care
- Utilise human and clinical care resour... |
7c25723406b0c346 | **Facilitate normal/ physiological birth processes in institutional and community settings, including women's homes**
**1.o** |
c4ccf62e01fa3c94 | **Prescribe, dispense and administer medicines or products**
- Basic pharmacology and prescribing
- Medicines and products within midwifery scope of practice and according to legal requirements (e.g. drugs for first and second level of care (EmONC) such as uterotonic drugs, antibiotics)
- Generic or brand names of med... |
7a3d8f5830d3e7f9 | **Prescribe, dispense and administer medicines or products**
- Confirm allergies, possible drug interactions and/ or contraindications and clinical indication for any pharmaceuticals
- Explain the indications, benefits, side-effects and risks of specific medicines/products to the woman, and any alternatives, and obtai... |
6b05a6d20e6eed4b | **Prescribe, dispense and administer medicines or products**
- Sexual and reproductive health needs of refugees, migrants, and internally displaced people
- Maternal and newborn health needs of refugees, migrants and internally displaced people
- Global health disparities and challenges for specific populations in vul... |
fe0b23df28622c70 | **Prescribe, dispense and administer medicines or products**
- Maternal and newborn health risks (e.g. heatstroke, famine, dehydration, etc.) associated with climate disasters and crises
- The Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) for reproductive health in crises situations
- Respectful maternity care in humanitaria... |
8e58434c61feff43 | **Prescribe, dispense and administer medicines or products**
- Support the implementation of the Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) for reproductive health in humanitarian settings
- Adapt clinical skills and protocols to address health needs arising from specific climate disasters (e.g. managing heat exhaustion a... |
f8f83c3a4bb2e319 | # **Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights**
Competencies in this category are about the midwife's broader role in sexual and reproductive health care, counselling and education, including contraception, pre-conception and comprehensive abortion care. This care is provided to women, adolescent girls and gender dive... |
f294712f3e23dd09 | **Provide education on sexual and reproductive health, contraception and family planning**
- Normal biological, psychological, social, and cultural aspects of sexual development, reproduction and early life
- Definitions and awareness of intersectionality for biological sex, sex characteristics, gender, gender assigne... |
51c55e7594b79b53 | ### **Knowledge Skills & Behaviours**
- Support adolescents and women to adopt healthy behaviours and incorporate health promotion and the prevention of disease and injury
- Implement strategies to help adolescents and women at risk for unintended pregnancy and their partners to choose appropriate contraceptive method... |
6518fdd0030b6ff6 | **Provide education on sexual and reproductive health, contraception and family planning**
- Sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) across the lifecourse
- National/state/local laws and regulations regarding contraception and family planning
- Contraception methods (including natural, barrier, injectable, ho... |
f3d74b6f662f4aa8 | **Provide support on natural family planning (NFP) \(24\) and barrier methods \(25\)**
- Female and male reproductive anatomy and physiology
- Menstrual cycle, changes in symptoms (i.e. cervical mucus and basal body temperature)
- Comparative effectiveness, risks and benefits of NFP and barrier methods
- Medical eligi... |
6937c8d354399635 | **Administer contraceptives within scope of practice**
- Female reproductive anatomy and physiology
- Anatomy of the upper arm, including nerves and blood vessels
- Menstrual cycle, effect on the menstrual cycle of different contraceptive methods
- Contraception methods (including natural, barrier, injectable, hormona... |
3fe7c9a00c525120 | **Administer contraceptives within scope of practice**
- Infection prevention and waste management protocols
- Self-care instructions for the woman |
7ac81957cb12a950 | **Administer contraceptives within scope of practice**
- Confirm the woman meets eligibility and obtain consent for the contraceptive method
- Review method effectiveness, benefits, risks side-effects, complications and their management with the woman
- Describe how to use the method using job aids and demonstrate usi... |
354466b715629f84 | **Administer contraceptives within scope of practice**
- Respond to side-effects and complications and refer to other professionals when necessary
- Provide counselling and followup, support and answer any questions relevant to the concerns and complication during contraceptive uses to prevent unmet family planning ne... |
af5ee1c58a1c1162 | **Provide pre-conception care**
- Anatomy and physiology related to sexual development and reproduction
- Socio-cultural aspects of human sexuality
- Health and nutrition for pregnancy
- Pre-conception health screening and risk factors identification
- Screening of women and their partners for genetic history, cancer ... |
34a700fd2b291c91 | **Provide pre-conception care**
- Identify and assist in reducing barriers related to accessing and using sexual and reproductive health services
- Assess health and risk factors before conception
- Perform screening procedures for sexually transmitted and other infections, HIV, cervical cancer
- Provide counselling a... |
ce995200e30a6416 | **Care for girls and women who experience physical and sexual violence and abuse**
- WHO guidelines on the care for gender-based violence (GBV) survivors
- Signs and symptoms from individual history and examination suggestive of risk for gender-based violence (GBV) female genital mutilation (FGM), intimate partner vio... |
f4cb1b6ed295372f | **Care for girls and women who experience physical and sexual violence and abuse**
- Signs of safe sexual practices and risk factors for unsafe sexual practices and for signs of GBV, FGM, IPV or sexual violence
- Type and timing of testing and treatment for sexual assault survivors
- Legal responsibilities and duty of... |
8e07cc5da11acc51 | **Care for girls and women who experience physical and sexual violence and abuse**
- Provide information to all women about sources of help regardless of whether there is disclosure about violence
- Inquire routinely about safety at home, at work, etc.
- Create safe opportunities for the woman to disclose abuse/ viole... |
5db73b9ba999813e | **Provide comprehensive abortion care within local laws**
- Complexity of decision-making about unintended or mistimed pregnancies
- Emergency contraception
- Legal options for induced abortion; eligibility and availability of medication and surgical abortion services
- Abortion methods (including cervical preparation... |
cc3194fffbefae16 | **Provide comprehensive abortion care within local laws**
- Self-care instructions (e.g. monitoring vaginal discharge)
- Confirm pregnancy and determine gestational age; refer for ultrasound if unknown gestation and/or symptoms of ectopic pregnancy
- Recognise the woman's right to decide for herself to have an aborti... |
ef3b32bd1ef93971 | **Provide comprehensive abortion care within local laws**
- Provide information about abortion methods (including cervical preparation, medication abortion, vacuum aspiration, dilatation and evacuation), their effectiveness, benefits, risks, side-effects, complications and their management, and when to seek help
- Pro... |
e6ddf31808c3d559 | **Provide comprehensive abortion care within local laws**
- Provide abortion methods according to scope of practice or refer for abortion procedure or any further treatment that may be required
- Manage complications and implement referral when required
- Provide pre- and post-abortion care (e.g. confirm expulsion of ... |
83ab0121188c6c88 | # **Antenatal Care**
Competencies in this category are about health assessment of the woman and fetus, promotion of health and wellbeing, detection of complications during pregnancy, and care of women with an unexpected pregnancy. |
b6ed7dc5f0c90e57 | **Determine health status of women and assess pregnancy**
- Basic anatomy and physiology related to reproduction and embryology
- Reproductive cycle and stages of development
- Physiology of menstrual and ovulatory cycle
- Signs and symptoms of pregnancy
- Risk factors associated with pregnancy (e.g. ectopic pregnancy... |
d01b5c8595c1e588 | ### **Knowledge Skills & Behaviours**
- Confirm pregnancy and estimate gestational age from history, physical exam, laboratory test and/or ultrasound
- Obtain a comprehensive health history (including emotional/ mental health assessment)
- Determine if the pregnancy is planned and address any related concerns
- Perfor... |
3775c9c0d842139f | **Assess fetal wellbeing**
- Placental physiology, embryology, fetal growth and development, and indicators of fetal wellbeing (including multiple pregnancies)
- Fetal movement patterns
- Complications and referral policies
- Evidence-based guidelines for use of technologies within scope of practice to assess fetal we... |
ae33f5b96abc24ae | **Monitor and assess progression of pregnancy**
- Anatomical and physiological changes with advancing pregnancy
- Nutritional requirements of pregnancy
- Common physiological responses to pregnancy and symptoms of mental health distress
- Evidence informed antenatal care policies and guidelines, including frequency of... |
4cfb7b196361ca51 | **Monitor and assess progression of pregnancy**
- Use tools and technologies within scope of practice to monitor and assess progression of pregnancy
- Perform abdominal palpation and measure fundal height
- Provide information regarding physiological (normal) progress of pregnancy to the woman, her partner, family mem... |
6c13d57b0aec12b1 | **Monitor and assess progression of pregnancy**
- Identify early onset of pregnancyrelated complications and intervene, consult and refer as appropriate
- Provide emergency services in first and second level of care and refer when appropriate (EmONC)
- Review findings and revise plan of care with the woman as pregnanc... |
1a95ab22d7965bf5 | **Promote and support health behaviours that improve wellbeing**
- Impact of adverse social, environmental, and economic conditions on maternal-fetal health
- Effects of inadequate nutrition and heavy physical work
- Effects of tobacco use and exposure to second-hand smoke, use of alcohol, vaping, chewed tobaccos and ... |
820502bf6115e43d | **Provide anticipatory guidance related to pregnancy, birth, breastfeeding, parenthood, and change in the family**
- Needs of women and families for different information at different times in their respective life cycles
- Methods of providing information to women and groups
- Methods of eliciting maternal feelings a... |
c5b8e5f4ec3a363e | **Detect, stabilise, manage, and refer women with complicated pregnancies**
- Complications of early pregnancy such as threatened or actual miscarriage, and ectopic pregnancy
- Fetal compromise, growth restriction, malposition, preterm labour
- Diseases and medications before pregnancy and their effect on pregnancy an... |
fe7fe35c0a481cfd | **Assist the woman and her family to plan for birth**
- Evidence about birth outcomes in different birthplace settings
- Availability of options in specific location, limitations of climate, geography, means of transport, and resources available in facilities
- Local policies and guidelines
- Women's rights and respec... |
8558120a3ba4e335 | # **Care During Labour and Birth**
Competencies in this category are about assessment and care of women during labour that facilitate physiological processes and a safe birth, the immediate care of the newborn, detection of complications in mother or newborn, stabilisation of emergencies, and referral as needed. |
d1724a444ac142b3 | **Promote normal/ physiological labour and birth**
- Anatomy of maternal pelvis and fetus; mechanisms of labour for different fetal presentations
- Physiological onset and progression of labour
- Evidence informed intrapartum care policies and guidelines, including avoidance of routine interventions in normal labour a... |
c0a01af9f4bad81b | ### **Knowledge Skills & Behaviours**
- Provide care for a woman in the birth setting of her choice, following evidence-based practice
- Obtain relevant obstetric and medical history
- Perform and interpret focused physical examination of the woman and fetus
- Order and interpret laboratory tests if needed
- Use tools... |
d459e7cda53b4838 | **Promote normal/ physiological labour and birth**
- Provide nourishment and fluids
- Offer and support the woman to use strategies for coping with labour pain, e.g. controlled breathing, water immersion, relaxation, massage, acupressure, position changes, movement and pharmacologic modalities when needed
- Regularly ... |
ecdce326cfc46527 | **Manage a safe, spontaneous vaginal birth, prevent and manage complications**
- Physiology and process of safe, spontaneous vaginal birth.
- Evidence about conduct of third stage, including use of uterotonics
- Scoring systems to assess maternal status (e.g. Modified Early Obstetric Warning Scores (MEOWS) and newborn... |
f44b7b5f67323135 | **Manage a safe, spontaneous vaginal birth, prevent and manage complications**
- Support the woman to give birth in her position of choice
- Offer a companion of choice for all women throughout labour and childbirth
- Ensure clean environment, presence of clean necessary supplies and source of warmth
- Coach the woman... |
5fa0f8d7c8f10d49 | **Manage a safe, spontaneous vaginal birth, prevent and manage complications**
- Deliver placenta and membranes and inspect for completeness
- Assess uterine tone, maintain firm contraction, and estimate and record maternal blood loss; manage excessive blood loss including administration of uterotonic drugs and manual... |
5c4ad687e611428f | **Provide care of the newborn immediately after birth**
- Anatomical and physiological transition to extra-uterine environment
- Scoring systems to assess newborn status including assessment of newborns with different skin colours (APGAR scores and Newborn Early Warning Scores (NEWS))
- Pathology in the newborn and si... |
506becca39d26955 | **Provide care of the newborn immediately after birth**
- Family-centred model of care |
5ece315dc27e08b1 | **Provide care of the newborn immediately after birth**
- Promote family-centred care including birth companion in delivery room and involvement of mother and families in care of small and sick newborn care
- Use standardised method to assess newborn condition in the first minutes of life (APGAR scores and NEWS) and r... |
bdf969180a2e175a | **Provide care of the newborn immediately after birth**
- Practise zero separation of mother and baby in birthing room, operating theatre and post-natal wards
- Initiate IKMC and KMC for preterm and low birth weight babies
- Conduct a complete physical examination of newborn in presence of mother/family; explain findi... |
3dc76e83f3db39f5 | # **Ongoing Care of Women and Newborns**
Competencies in this category address the continuing health assessment of women and newborns, health education, support for breastfeeding, detection of complications, stabilisation and referral in emergencies, and provision of family planning services. |
7b50df734f135c83 | **Provide postnatal care for the healthy woman**
- Physiological changes following birth, uterine involution, onset of lactation, healing of perinealvaginal tissues
- Common discomforts of the postnatal period and comfort measures
- Need for rest, support, and nutrition to support lactation
- Psychological responses t... |
bf0614ef3f9d5e51 | ### **Knowledge Skills & Behaviours**
- Review history of pregnancy, labour, and birth of women
- Conduct a focused physical exam to assess breast changes and involution of the uterus. Monitor blood loss and other body functions and act when signs are abnormal
- Assess breastfeeding technique and provide ongoing suppo... |
8a52e116c17b6202 | **Provide care to healthy newborns**
- Appearance and behaviour of newborns in early life; cardiorespiratory changes related to adapting to extra-uterine life
- Concepts of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC)
- Growth and development in initial weeks and months of life (early child development (ECD), or the first 1000 days of ... |
7271a494861dc4b2 | **Promote and support breastfeeding**
- Physiology of lactation
- Nutritional needs of newborns, including low birth weight newborns
- Social, psychological, and cultural aspects of breastfeeding
- Indications and contraindications to use of drugs and substances during lactation
- Awareness of lactation aids
- Breastf... |
a29df1b34b4339ff | **Detect, treat, and stabilise postnatal complications in women and refer as necessary**
- - conditions in postnatal period that may respond to early intervention (e.g. sub-involution, anaemia, urinary retention, and localised infection)
- complications that need referral to more specialised provider or facility (e.g... |
bc20e8bb850da713 | **Detect, treat, and stabilise postnatal complications in women and refer as necessary**
- Signs and symptoms of: Provide information to the woman and family about signs of wellbeing and normal healing, potential complications and when to seek help
- Assess the woman during postnatal period to detect signs and sympto... |
abc51d76a8d0afdb | **Detect, treat, and stabilise postnatal complications in women and refer as necessary**
- Arrange referral and/or transfer as needed
**5.e** |
5de4fedcaa5182ed | **Detect, stabilise, and manage health problems in newbornsand refer if necessary**
- Healthy newborn, expected weight gain and behaviour
- Congenital anomalies, genetic conditions and pathological jaundice
- Needs of pre-term and low birth weight newborns, needs of large for gestational age and high birth weight newb... |
be3875aaa3c74c0f | # **Recommended Reading**
- International Confederation of Midwives, 2024. International Definition and Scope of Practice of the Midwife:
- International Confederation of Midwives, 2014. Philosophy and Model of Midwifery Care: [https://inter](https://internationalmidwives.org/resources/philosophy-and-model-of-midwife... |
17e68f2af053cb12 | # **Recommended Reading**
- Inter-Agency Working Group on Reproductive Health Crisis, 2023. Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (BEmONC) in Crisis Settings, Select Signal Functions: [https://iawg.net/resources/ba](https://iawg.net/resources/basic-emergency-obstetric-and-newborn-care-bemonc-in-crisis-settings-se... |
7396cdc4d2296e75 | # Saving Babies' Lives Version Two
A care bundle for reducing perinatal mortality |
7f18c7076f9a4f44 | #### **1. Reducing smoking in pregnancy**
This element provides a practical approach to reducing smoking in pregnancy by following NICE guidance. Reducing smoking in pregnancy will be achieved by offering carbon monoxide (CO) testing for all women at the antenatal booking appointment, and as appropriate throughout pre... |
d6f1dd72ecbfe844 | #### **3. Raising awareness of reduced fetal movement (RFM)**
This updated element encourages awareness amongst pregnant women of the importance of detecting and reporting RFM, and ensuring providers have protocols in place, based on best available evidence, to manage care for women who report RFM. Induction of labour... |
391258e4c6576337 | #### **4. Effective fetal monitoring during labour**
Trusts must be able to demonstrate that all qualified staff who care for women in labour are competent to interpret cardiotocographs (CTGs), always use the buddy system and escalate accordingly when concerns arise or risks develop. This element now includes use of a... |
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