id float64 706 1.8k | title stringlengths 1 343 | abstract stringlengths 6 6.09k | categories stringlengths 5 125 | processed_abstract stringlengths 2 5.96k | tokenized_abstract stringlengths 8 8.74k | centroid stringlengths 2.1k 2.17k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
708.2449 | The Local Velocity Anomaly | There is a velocity discontinuity at about 7 Mpc between the galaxies of the
Local Sheet that are moving together with low internal velocity dispersion and
the adjacent structures. The Local Sheet bounds the Local Void. The Local Sheet
is determined to have a peculiar velocity of 260 km/s away from the center of
the void. In order for this large velocity to be generated by an absence of
gravity, the Local Void must be at least 45 Mpc in diameter and be very empty.
| astro-ph | there is a velocity discontinuity at about 7 mpc between the galaxies of the local sheet that are moving together with low internal velocity dispersion and the adjacent structures the local sheet bounds the local void the local sheet is determined to have a peculiar velocity of 260 kms away from the center of the void in order for this large velocity to be generated by an absence of gravity the local void must be at least 45 mpc in diameter and be very empty | [['there', 'is', 'a', 'velocity', 'discontinuity', 'at', 'about', '7', 'mpc', 'between', 'the', 'galaxies', 'of', 'the', 'local', 'sheet', 'that', 'are', 'moving', 'together', 'with', 'low', 'internal', 'velocity', 'dispersion', 'and', 'the', 'adjacent', 'structures', 'the', 'local', 'sheet', 'bounds', 'the', 'local', 'void', 'the', 'local', 'sheet', 'is', 'determined', 'to', 'have', 'a', 'peculiar', 'velocity', 'of', '260', 'kms', 'away', 'from', 'the', 'center', 'of', 'the', 'void', 'in', 'order', 'for', 'this', 'large', 'velocity', 'to', 'be', 'generated', 'by', 'an', 'absence', 'of', 'gravity', 'the', 'local', 'void', 'must', 'be', 'at', 'least', '45', 'mpc', 'in', 'diameter', 'and', 'be', 'very', 'empty']] | [-0.12520879567326867, 0.12926161069686606, -0.09035072335973382, -0.0020647432148347008, -0.08319702856516575, -0.053233055693700036, 0.012508056346696857, 0.3794947688193882, -0.2685276681666865, -0.34916736895547196, 0.07987042178454644, -0.27418565754504765, -0.02165043842704857, 0.13914287855218657, 0.010546390525996685, -0.06171005072126932, -0.005841309256742106, 0.029643171110793072, -0.06402234775562059, -0.23370841743753237, 0.2611768087153049, 0.06982822087319458, 0.22446844856090406, -0.00933057388619465, 0.11850047271479579, -0.09998323845211417, -0.008569164311184603, 0.12513228196869877, -0.15517671157320043, 0.09069987414678668, 0.17209464222302331, 0.027705813396502944, 0.2833106452599168, -0.4117477813626037, -0.16656978042686688, 0.05874139530693784, 0.14323912925251267, 0.11702607580844093, -0.014376863618107402, -0.3138136727187563, 0.18034878321649397, -0.10150503574267906, -0.21773735674317268, 0.08192338863497271, 0.06824140945339904, 0.037036446065587154, -0.17555644710493437, 0.20180669051581338, 0.0024065284715855824, 0.11107104595969705, -0.04711366566993734, -0.0712127457071534, -0.1053949646103908, 0.09758142477230114, 0.014088880336459945, 0.07830910991110346, 0.18550897610976416, -0.1401016961207942, 0.0073845984852489305, 0.4023658920736874, -0.061141785953248685, -0.11055234445854747, 0.2145868297885446, -0.19767324885572582, -0.06055392842082416, 0.16988001460319055, 0.15429073011173922, 0.03640767832231872, -0.13255993807140518, 0.06400392924140974, -0.04182576715179226, 0.1621278363663484, 0.12157793971435989, 0.006895204893696834, 0.2879219869151711, 0.08164936037843719, 0.16869368221446435, 0.04938813611481558, -0.1920404768713257, -0.03153631663607324, -0.33389978699440903, -0.12943230520879082, -0.1800531292005497, 0.02452261436949758, -0.16743099102031384, -0.14647050371559625, 0.3438743580023155, 0.0960332495489103, 0.2735614004818832, 0.026880269475719507, 0.25566174072925657, 0.0994721382527667, 0.1307005040895413, 0.17322077488745838, 0.3058236385969555, 0.15016892066170626, 0.04965743622742593, -0.1936158301171792, 0.04981237818651339, 0.009685035751146428] |
708.245 | Quantum Energy Inequalities for the Non-Minimally Coupled Scalar Field | In this paper we discuss local averages of the energy density for the
non-minimally coupled scalar quantum field, extending a previous investigation
of the classical field. By an explicit example, we show that such averages are
unbounded from below on the class of Hadamard states. This contrasts with the
minimally coupled field, which obeys a state-independent lower bound known as a
Quantum Energy Inequality (QEI). Nonetheless, we derive a generalised QEI for
the non-minimally coupled scalar field, in which the lower bound is permitted
to be state-dependent. This result applies to general globally hyperbolic
curved spacetimes for coupling constants in the range $0<\xi\leq 1/4$. We
analyse the state-dependence of our QEI in four-dimensional Minkowski space and
show that it is a nontrivial restriction on the averaged energy density in the
sense that the lower bound is of lower order, in energetic terms, than the
averaged energy density itself.
| gr-qc | in this paper we discuss local averages of the energy density for the nonminimally coupled scalar quantum field extending a previous investigation of the classical field by an explicit example we show that such averages are unbounded from below on the class of hadamard states this contrasts with the minimally coupled field which obeys a stateindependent lower bound known as a quantum energy inequality qei nonetheless we derive a generalised qei for the nonminimally coupled scalar field in which the lower bound is permitted to be statedependent this result applies to general globally hyperbolic curved spacetimes for coupling constants in the range 0xileq 14 we analyse the statedependence of our qei in fourdimensional minkowski space and show that it is a nontrivial restriction on the averaged energy density in the sense that the lower bound is of lower order in energetic terms than the averaged energy density itself | [['in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'discuss', 'local', 'averages', 'of', 'the', 'energy', 'density', 'for', 'the', 'nonminimally', 'coupled', 'scalar', 'quantum', 'field', 'extending', 'a', 'previous', 'investigation', 'of', 'the', 'classical', 'field', 'by', 'an', 'explicit', 'example', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'such', 'averages', 'are', 'unbounded', 'from', 'below', 'on', 'the', 'class', 'of', 'hadamard', 'states', 'this', 'contrasts', 'with', 'the', 'minimally', 'coupled', 'field', 'which', 'obeys', 'a', 'stateindependent', 'lower', 'bound', 'known', 'as', 'a', 'quantum', 'energy', 'inequality', 'qei', 'nonetheless', 'we', 'derive', 'a', 'generalised', 'qei', 'for', 'the', 'nonminimally', 'coupled', 'scalar', 'field', 'in', 'which', 'the', 'lower', 'bound', 'is', 'permitted', 'to', 'be', 'statedependent', 'this', 'result', 'applies', 'to', 'general', 'globally', 'hyperbolic', 'curved', 'spacetimes', 'for', 'coupling', 'constants', 'in', 'the', 'range', '0xileq', '14', 'we', 'analyse', 'the', 'statedependence', 'of', 'our', 'qei', 'in', 'fourdimensional', 'minkowski', 'space', 'and', 'show', 'that', 'it', 'is', 'a', 'nontrivial', 'restriction', 'on', 'the', 'averaged', 'energy', 'density', 'in', 'the', 'sense', 'that', 'the', 'lower', 'bound', 'is', 'of', 'lower', 'order', 'in', 'energetic', 'terms', 'than', 'the', 'averaged', 'energy', 'density', 'itself']] | [-0.146578852251983, 0.18429106841155654, -0.05780075055223947, 0.10071448529405254, -0.04526368602334211, -0.11709520263521343, 0.0024034509500235218, 0.281854362531128, -0.200206807673573, -0.3069710733913848, 0.05530169407669201, -0.23742100347758455, -0.13426440671643838, 0.2040913001250881, -0.04805279509512847, 0.022970123526950676, -0.0035782007430838485, 0.11381370995073345, -0.07490273290250425, -0.23622014689050158, 0.34209149515218273, 0.03474228504608024, 0.2699195603098796, 0.055278551140736765, 0.08272639566677667, -0.008293551278813762, 0.023293990184090473, 0.033696180085776704, -0.18311140842043414, 0.1326563986478418, 0.19705073243057747, 0.061620804791649185, 0.23422883280084095, -0.40266887385550204, -0.22953985936204796, 0.12800318135826083, 0.12615446889849039, 0.12326545790819844, -0.03992802437813002, -0.27277852125073065, 0.03323706135876021, -0.1301866491882726, -0.16019732757553864, -0.0585346903594933, -0.014596897983198137, -0.014248621244566375, -0.28314943044116964, 0.14613846588094218, 0.07000038121529177, 0.0005869637338482604, -0.09513912671625767, -0.060645061332041866, -0.00010329452786772024, 0.03808010967296301, 0.03097880982198328, 0.05411640038637786, 0.10316955867115737, -0.12263489744727354, -0.07332101755626626, 0.31903457331794255, -0.15278632126934272, -0.24099089211758962, 0.1437284723050943, -0.14814641774904463, -0.13596667478583296, 0.11610989394236584, 0.15503437447101892, 0.16605107534398028, -0.12820565489557934, 0.1805711738051701, -0.07789391099054012, 0.15098477552207756, 0.07382578944128489, 0.07629307747706074, 0.16516601597750877, 0.06831388653819861, 0.14906399207962615, 0.15964757049136294, -0.009860644294392495, -0.16427815329643017, -0.3694470863041728, -0.2077654299930492, -0.19122819832785903, 0.11986581518688574, -0.11442421208684994, -0.1624047327089776, 0.36988097525258756, 0.1202019855129013, 0.15487482301498048, 0.09564355017813746, 0.25290502606555315, 0.1790766594317729, 0.03519245750289791, 0.1252573674503511, 0.2890544561035678, 0.16852200057414568, 0.06841941544672056, -0.2070133874690173, -0.03381526685275492, 0.057909204816242975] |
708.2451 | Nearly Ordinary Galois Deformations over Arbitrary Number Fields | Let K be an arbitrary number field, and let rho: Gal(Kbar/K) -> GL_2(E) be a
nearly ordinary irreducible geometric Galois representation. In this paper, we
study the nearly ordinary deformations of rho. When K is totally real and rho
is modular, results of Hida imply that the nearly ordinary deformation space
associated to rho contains a Zariski dense set of points corresponding to
"automorphic" Galois representations. We conjecture that if K is_not_ totally
real, then this is never the case, except in three exceptional cases,
corresponding to (1) "base change", (2) "CM" forms, and (3) "Even"
representations. The latter case conjecturally can only occur if the image of
rho is finite. Our results come in two flavours. First, we prove a general
result for Artin representations, conditional on a strengthening of Leopoldt's
conjecture. Second, when K is an imaginary quadratic field, we prove an
unconditional result that implies the existence of "many" positive dimensional
components (of certain deformation spaces) that do not contain infinitely many
classical points. Also included are some speculative remarks about "p-adic
functorality", as well as some remarks on how our methods should apply to
n-dimensional representations of Gal(Qbar/Q) when n > 2.
| math.NT | let k be an arbitrary number field and let rho galkbark gl_2e be a nearly ordinary irreducible geometric galois representation in this paper we study the nearly ordinary deformations of rho when k is totally real and rho is modular results of hida imply that the nearly ordinary deformation space associated to rho contains a zariski dense set of points corresponding to automorphic galois representations we conjecture that if k is_not_ totally real then this is never the case except in three exceptional cases corresponding to 1 base change 2 cm forms and 3 even representations the latter case conjecturally can only occur if the image of rho is finite our results come in two flavours first we prove a general result for artin representations conditional on a strengthening of leopoldts conjecture second when k is an imaginary quadratic field we prove an unconditional result that implies the existence of many positive dimensional components of certain deformation spaces that do not contain infinitely many classical points also included are some speculative remarks about padic functorality as well as some remarks on how our methods should apply to ndimensional representations of galqbarq when n 2 | [['let', 'k', 'be', 'an', 'arbitrary', 'number', 'field', 'and', 'let', 'rho', 'galkbark', 'gl_2e', 'be', 'a', 'nearly', 'ordinary', 'irreducible', 'geometric', 'galois', 'representation', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'study', 'the', 'nearly', 'ordinary', 'deformations', 'of', 'rho', 'when', 'k', 'is', 'totally', 'real', 'and', 'rho', 'is', 'modular', 'results', 'of', 'hida', 'imply', 'that', 'the', 'nearly', 'ordinary', 'deformation', 'space', 'associated', 'to', 'rho', 'contains', 'a', 'zariski', 'dense', 'set', 'of', 'points', 'corresponding', 'to', 'automorphic', 'galois', 'representations', 'we', 'conjecture', 'that', 'if', 'k', 'is_not_', 'totally', 'real', 'then', 'this', 'is', 'never', 'the', 'case', 'except', 'in', 'three', 'exceptional', 'cases', 'corresponding', 'to', '1', 'base', 'change', '2', 'cm', 'forms', 'and', '3', 'even', 'representations', 'the', 'latter', 'case', 'conjecturally', 'can', 'only', 'occur', 'if', 'the', 'image', 'of', 'rho', 'is', 'finite', 'our', 'results', 'come', 'in', 'two', 'flavours', 'first', 'we', 'prove', 'a', 'general', 'result', 'for', 'artin', 'representations', 'conditional', 'on', 'a', 'strengthening', 'of', 'leopoldts', 'conjecture', 'second', 'when', 'k', 'is', 'an', 'imaginary', 'quadratic', 'field', 'we', 'prove', 'an', 'unconditional', 'result', 'that', 'implies', 'the', 'existence', 'of', 'many', 'positive', 'dimensional', 'components', 'of', 'certain', 'deformation', 'spaces', 'that', 'do', 'not', 'contain', 'infinitely', 'many', 'classical', 'points', 'also', 'included', 'are', 'some', 'speculative', 'remarks', 'about', 'padic', 'functorality', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'some', 'remarks', 'on', 'how', 'our', 'methods', 'should', 'apply', 'to', 'ndimensional', 'representations', 'of', 'galqbarq', 'when', 'n', '2']] | [-0.1892054234194802, 0.13845424431133324, -0.12719414892490022, 0.05567764440214281, -0.08952386281938136, -0.14570887950139877, -0.02396885520950794, 0.32494457784923725, -0.28133702671766514, -0.22585403468838194, 0.10044492427671987, -0.2734651569941586, -0.1697687707357242, 0.21402253045077183, -0.10768216944416054, -0.0422952533942104, 0.04746098343154396, 0.15891235689438568, -0.09194808703250601, -0.3636583473611002, 0.3722270047146594, -0.08286451512928276, 0.1767692097564577, 0.04435843415618971, 0.07170180778181627, 0.025113046479721863, 0.018955184058237744, -0.010522236206658894, -0.10214321833169986, 0.10219096286164131, 0.3268510491228274, 0.08091441039384033, 0.22615462024744679, -0.3654574712563772, -0.15648425001806268, 0.235586692050371, 0.1474341200979931, 0.02863881367375143, 0.019080147720766643, -0.24723980928320088, 0.14941789873046218, -0.13390166236058576, -0.17163604674715316, -0.10916447013732977, 0.060481966535007814, -0.02784716122187092, -0.2625126759970347, 0.01673827245015976, 0.13281870569805201, 0.12110954292681224, -0.1015342562556422, -0.16332686442122699, -0.010615074138816757, 0.07713145829363081, 0.03265446449343775, 0.06024008899051599, 0.0725205280056495, -0.1197697701539937, -0.0857425728487821, 0.36035544658079743, -0.05653179933384914, -0.19390204097241318, 0.1617387431227447, -0.18326985597135112, -0.17167829186898112, 0.14564101871170956, 0.12147418171419606, 0.11964612810212809, -0.022105374625652985, 0.1631677042426721, -0.16009874367834223, 0.1443963760805976, 0.11268736193354319, -0.03743998454804872, 0.1402948611891285, 0.029663363589255216, 0.08465922786941367, 0.11551149010604907, -0.0008613693720083878, -0.03923762970316602, -0.3831582036461138, -0.18429283424726842, -0.13284007511817938, 0.13378143840547332, -0.11101215201362417, -0.16100657393023235, 0.32539361590412835, 0.08608991289111145, 0.2334332515844532, 0.11019542480668558, 0.22971835279167863, 0.08986684731136545, 0.023915186422527768, 0.09821511931416656, 0.11395701283163362, 0.19941686279124346, -0.025398941679062165, -0.10719993441686408, -0.02239298541705163, 0.10460149126690037] |
708.2452 | Kinetic limitations of cooperativity based drug delivery systems | We study theoretically a novel drug delivery system that utilizes the
overexpression of certain proteins in cancerous cells for cell specific
chemotherapy. The system consists of dendrimers conjugated with "keys" (ex:
folic acid) which "key-lock" bind to particular cell membrane proteins (ex:
folate receptor). The increased concentration of "locks" on the surface leads
to a longer residence time for the dendrimer and greater incorporation into the
cell. Cooperative binding of the nanocomplexes leads to an enhancement of cell
specificity. However, both our theory and detailed analysis of in-vitro
experiments indicate that the degree of cooperativity is kinetically limited.
We demonstrate that cooperativity and hence the specificity to particular cell
type can be increased by making the strength of individual bonds weaker, and
suggest a particular implementation of this idea. The implications of the work
for optimizing the design of drug delivery vehicles are discussed.
| cond-mat.soft q-bio.CB | we study theoretically a novel drug delivery system that utilizes the overexpression of certain proteins in cancerous cells for cell specific chemotherapy the system consists of dendrimers conjugated with keys ex folic acid which keylock bind to particular cell membrane proteins ex folate receptor the increased concentration of locks on the surface leads to a longer residence time for the dendrimer and greater incorporation into the cell cooperative binding of the nanocomplexes leads to an enhancement of cell specificity however both our theory and detailed analysis of invitro experiments indicate that the degree of cooperativity is kinetically limited we demonstrate that cooperativity and hence the specificity to particular cell type can be increased by making the strength of individual bonds weaker and suggest a particular implementation of this idea the implications of the work for optimizing the design of drug delivery vehicles are discussed | [['we', 'study', 'theoretically', 'a', 'novel', 'drug', 'delivery', 'system', 'that', 'utilizes', 'the', 'overexpression', 'of', 'certain', 'proteins', 'in', 'cancerous', 'cells', 'for', 'cell', 'specific', 'chemotherapy', 'the', 'system', 'consists', 'of', 'dendrimers', 'conjugated', 'with', 'keys', 'ex', 'folic', 'acid', 'which', 'keylock', 'bind', 'to', 'particular', 'cell', 'membrane', 'proteins', 'ex', 'folate', 'receptor', 'the', 'increased', 'concentration', 'of', 'locks', 'on', 'the', 'surface', 'leads', 'to', 'a', 'longer', 'residence', 'time', 'for', 'the', 'dendrimer', 'and', 'greater', 'incorporation', 'into', 'the', 'cell', 'cooperative', 'binding', 'of', 'the', 'nanocomplexes', 'leads', 'to', 'an', 'enhancement', 'of', 'cell', 'specificity', 'however', 'both', 'our', 'theory', 'and', 'detailed', 'analysis', 'of', 'invitro', 'experiments', 'indicate', 'that', 'the', 'degree', 'of', 'cooperativity', 'is', 'kinetically', 'limited', 'we', 'demonstrate', 'that', 'cooperativity', 'and', 'hence', 'the', 'specificity', 'to', 'particular', 'cell', 'type', 'can', 'be', 'increased', 'by', 'making', 'the', 'strength', 'of', 'individual', 'bonds', 'weaker', 'and', 'suggest', 'a', 'particular', 'implementation', 'of', 'this', 'idea', 'the', 'implications', 'of', 'the', 'work', 'for', 'optimizing', 'the', 'design', 'of', 'drug', 'delivery', 'vehicles', 'are', 'discussed']] | [-0.12828508101507918, 0.1377357124503404, 0.015613541840673326, -0.007500651728856814, -0.014302255279690652, -0.18047510558035929, 0.12543710017775453, 0.3839961575747995, -0.22491162416803606, -0.25346690886556267, 0.010739438810509505, -0.2420482565746545, -0.22294499170624527, 0.157964157539752, -0.08113093115389347, -0.024974263572765814, 0.05597571830649476, 0.025746257343961226, 0.05738749008111239, -0.21942769600667866, 0.20873788012341446, 0.08078693145221763, 0.3211303139952096, 0.13425491975581313, 0.10534857956601398, -0.010184618470200395, 0.04112764510124192, -0.002490656717413372, -0.13864073289432718, 0.20137161543508145, 0.23164825008284964, 0.12713519003815377, 0.28216944179673503, -0.48068100256011725, -0.25791085643654726, 0.07952098944712874, 0.16410194383282867, 0.12086835287599271, -0.044883786864298676, -0.21985157734512553, 0.11000581805950839, -0.14704999080755327, -0.091622556048491, -0.0732791815278726, 0.006928104021540889, 0.10194748215510842, -0.267383487745338, 0.09261766602806226, 0.020840058497224864, 0.08848408115311311, -0.11381994676939049, -0.12398735928948369, -0.06046129852513802, 0.1581734879157291, 0.06228573970216607, -0.0005410793904944525, 0.264566786557931, -0.1111193449851907, -0.08154991662481448, 0.36788829443390136, 0.0008293628282324, -0.18004558176140895, 0.20287059018896383, -0.10784948939763635, -0.12310802728471744, 0.16680789719029634, 0.1458926689155706, 0.10980855025533405, -0.16495242761448026, -0.02160816461375387, 0.028709518266483568, 0.23758868938572444, 0.10938054604547007, 0.012825114375722783, 0.155128485494671, 0.26517867399998324, 0.04598086207479864, 0.1531681495350688, -0.09094538105085127, -0.09980447288485361, -0.19806977810168808, -0.24218528762694214, -0.11812504334293852, 0.03578200290334522, -0.09165334134237267, -0.15524541778112208, 0.3715067181632027, 0.08708068988478491, 0.1379522975091334, 0.06263580196455668, 0.22790424220941283, 0.0052662609235409625, 0.10054731608361944, -0.07585047654989925, 0.17266200473727464, 0.0810833633274908, 0.07847649617107598, -0.3226309914461018, 0.13644469800971812, 0.002567426518087725] |
708.2453 | A note on Talagrand's positivity principle | Talagrand's positivity principle states that one can slightly perturb a
Hamiltonian in the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model in such a way that the overlap
of two configurations under the perturbed Gibbs' measure will become typically
nonnegative. In this note we observe that abstracting from the setting of the
SK model only improves the result and does not require any modifications in
Talagrand's argument. In this version, for example, positivity principle
immediately applies to the setting of Aizenman-Sims-Starr interpolation. Also,
abstracting from the SK model improves the conditions in the Ghirlanda-Guerra
identities and as a consequence results in a perturbation of smaller order
necessary to ensure positivity of the overlap.
| math.PR math-ph math.MP | talagrands positivity principle states that one can slightly perturb a hamiltonian in the sherringtonkirkpatrick model in such a way that the overlap of two configurations under the perturbed gibbs measure will become typically nonnegative in this note we observe that abstracting from the setting of the sk model only improves the result and does not require any modifications in talagrands argument in this version for example positivity principle immediately applies to the setting of aizenmansimsstarr interpolation also abstracting from the sk model improves the conditions in the ghirlandaguerra identities and as a consequence results in a perturbation of smaller order necessary to ensure positivity of the overlap | [['talagrands', 'positivity', 'principle', 'states', 'that', 'one', 'can', 'slightly', 'perturb', 'a', 'hamiltonian', 'in', 'the', 'sherringtonkirkpatrick', 'model', 'in', 'such', 'a', 'way', 'that', 'the', 'overlap', 'of', 'two', 'configurations', 'under', 'the', 'perturbed', 'gibbs', 'measure', 'will', 'become', 'typically', 'nonnegative', 'in', 'this', 'note', 'we', 'observe', 'that', 'abstracting', 'from', 'the', 'setting', 'of', 'the', 'sk', 'model', 'only', 'improves', 'the', 'result', 'and', 'does', 'not', 'require', 'any', 'modifications', 'in', 'talagrands', 'argument', 'in', 'this', 'version', 'for', 'example', 'positivity', 'principle', 'immediately', 'applies', 'to', 'the', 'setting', 'of', 'aizenmansimsstarr', 'interpolation', 'also', 'abstracting', 'from', 'the', 'sk', 'model', 'improves', 'the', 'conditions', 'in', 'the', 'ghirlandaguerra', 'identities', 'and', 'as', 'a', 'consequence', 'results', 'in', 'a', 'perturbation', 'of', 'smaller', 'order', 'necessary', 'to', 'ensure', 'positivity', 'of', 'the', 'overlap']] | [-0.09931666478862829, 0.11137129072639569, -0.13696299211957674, 0.1143584192978549, -0.03844781573122002, -0.12333663803673237, 0.06341779553200876, 0.28728084972076046, -0.26976086129652005, -0.28676285838412346, 0.11635554380057746, -0.2386323948190591, -0.15937102277475956, 0.16630540488975418, -0.0945960488562063, 0.02991493502370665, 0.0794342735381884, 0.05968100523628364, -0.10190377885118893, -0.2238518599786352, 0.3346455971510193, 0.0191375791643546, 0.2527861424295284, 0.1120605608464706, 0.07442487913366651, 0.0518882423900416, 0.02206096932222353, 0.01994170743980767, -0.12301533846678288, 0.0863452605662702, 0.19255159155870397, 0.14248680883896686, 0.25950246992755993, -0.4029535977082832, -0.1982459935879718, 0.14393903185813645, 0.12047868769476626, 0.13560750337195732, -0.008897197293552839, -0.24791400649619647, 0.07350376350930282, -0.17845457715687352, -0.1790827356505199, -0.0849714349502715, -0.06921494563292956, 0.014115409620941799, -0.3134729176559529, 0.0969953976381705, 0.17204510374266707, 0.0008413258539599793, -0.06435883348093968, -0.08005430367035425, -0.01937599191616211, 0.09449332359760443, 0.020833231009342753, 0.0181066361560582, 0.09720103364768569, -0.09254754629643268, -0.09349384435635304, 0.36565057327535666, -0.07762126976550147, -0.24154015651373106, 0.18512889993524997, -0.1340683913565563, -0.20781624473840277, 0.07787695133658214, 0.09244781875303973, 0.10885886280407377, -0.13069184570982356, 0.11610634664887405, -0.08165132590334549, 0.15897104061408857, 0.09767177851574722, 0.032602638732990095, 0.10901583250988467, 0.07369593677990069, 0.16728268870996815, 0.1556134139357361, -0.011591923832197055, -0.13521938496835043, -0.33953561222998896, -0.1516952769630632, -0.22341881266133598, 0.06249907599975873, -0.09866033764702929, -0.14189649899881857, 0.3805681739925085, 0.18975678590674686, 0.18425230541762627, 0.09971138233292813, 0.25602325412366433, 0.09779496972174949, 0.08422890616358893, 0.05519116410515576, 0.22101965473494797, 0.12494196549545382, 0.11260842344784569, -0.14268141169379525, 0.07745640216369147, 0.12537606276362856] |
708.2454 | Ab Initio Method for Obtaining Exactly Solvable Quantum Mechanical
Potentials | The shape invariance condition is the integrability condition in
supersymmetric quantum mechanics (SUSYQM). It is a difference-differential
equation connecting the superpotential W and its derivative at two different
values of parameters. We show that this difference equation is equivalent to a
non-linear partial differential equation whose solutions are translational
shape invariant superpotentials. In lieu of trial and error, this method
provides the first ab initio technique for generating shape invariant
superpotentials.
| hep-th | the shape invariance condition is the integrability condition in supersymmetric quantum mechanics susyqm it is a differencedifferential equation connecting the superpotential w and its derivative at two different values of parameters we show that this difference equation is equivalent to a nonlinear partial differential equation whose solutions are translational shape invariant superpotentials in lieu of trial and error this method provides the first ab initio technique for generating shape invariant superpotentials | [['the', 'shape', 'invariance', 'condition', 'is', 'the', 'integrability', 'condition', 'in', 'supersymmetric', 'quantum', 'mechanics', 'susyqm', 'it', 'is', 'a', 'differencedifferential', 'equation', 'connecting', 'the', 'superpotential', 'w', 'and', 'its', 'derivative', 'at', 'two', 'different', 'values', 'of', 'parameters', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'this', 'difference', 'equation', 'is', 'equivalent', 'to', 'a', 'nonlinear', 'partial', 'differential', 'equation', 'whose', 'solutions', 'are', 'translational', 'shape', 'invariant', 'superpotentials', 'in', 'lieu', 'of', 'trial', 'and', 'error', 'this', 'method', 'provides', 'the', 'first', 'ab', 'initio', 'technique', 'for', 'generating', 'shape', 'invariant', 'superpotentials']] | [-0.14507113138712208, 0.08918421668603911, -0.14355121864970039, 0.10472297109499522, -0.10444045874854209, -0.18360971694838413, -0.07287401457572959, 0.3435792174505096, -0.2813990087917363, -0.28166607419081346, 0.044162527474404224, -0.2712110842801106, -0.19609709105021517, 0.11963508049891868, -0.03996839310029443, 0.15283317657775397, 0.037877004790369054, 0.02599985159041596, -0.16618869228052421, -0.21176856885414938, 0.33184938374119743, -0.06209013733888229, 0.25678714269339303, 0.018019735898402795, 0.1830610809454196, -0.04510191650274144, 0.019630479141020438, -0.06699723488008472, -0.18351343274495685, 0.10766601716627328, 0.20120349235203064, 0.0669422566851365, 0.19811789077562345, -0.36557606417475874, -0.15999226282599946, 0.09661531056159399, 0.09747797145154065, 0.1508471251163684, -0.011186428184450512, -0.298964762273179, 0.06897626917573138, -0.11763795050070949, -0.19131412664690697, -0.09008308506610108, 0.05262639428633199, -0.016415753952739105, -0.2843933631797177, 0.13410075437802244, 0.012588819593820773, 0.04371202682328581, -0.08353938293007111, -0.06589758060019936, -0.05807947905891588, 0.024969438366382053, 0.040196717208461234, 0.027197730714376544, 0.09624611163957858, -0.15298484980364815, -0.08022677360600988, 0.3866688907933487, -0.035830245471336473, -0.3436683315363988, 0.06530599462845638, -0.09814732605722588, -0.15679194448305897, 0.146951504656384, 0.07050175103686855, 0.14027049961749097, -0.1823746920891211, 0.18858791452760376, -0.0039010958575551777, 0.13976567438606854, 0.09052907215746146, -0.007519464041303161, 0.13181489772937247, 0.07381098472159094, 0.07170813564132426, 0.09398517101793222, 0.009710414361366083, -0.16485511238726092, -0.41435978677071317, -0.18355915042191323, -0.1583262089456261, 0.10178778080505804, -0.08853753505792783, -0.18143213623609972, 0.41847307896110375, 0.10173816712651874, 0.12556769570309512, 0.06324188556181083, 0.23828333847119776, 0.2155301514685049, 0.0022147061847622544, -0.012722217104017315, 0.199412821306729, 0.18151080322412538, 0.08047399832539155, -0.2662549331639959, -0.002393886958524375, 0.18642048725307409] |
708.2455 | Shape invariance and the exactness of quantum Hamilton-Jacobi formalism | Quantum Hamilton-Jacobi Theory and supersymmetric quantum mechanics (SUSYQM)
are two parallel methods to determine the spectra of a quantum mechanical
systems without solving the Schr\"odinger equation. It was recently shown that
the shape invariance, which is an integrability condition in SUSYQM formalism,
can be utilized to develop an iterative algorithm to determine the quantum
momentum functions. In this paper, we show that shape invariance also suffices
to determine the eigenvalues in Quantum Hamilton-Jacobi Theory.
| hep-th | quantum hamiltonjacobi theory and supersymmetric quantum mechanics susyqm are two parallel methods to determine the spectra of a quantum mechanical systems without solving the schrodinger equation it was recently shown that the shape invariance which is an integrability condition in susyqm formalism can be utilized to develop an iterative algorithm to determine the quantum momentum functions in this paper we show that shape invariance also suffices to determine the eigenvalues in quantum hamiltonjacobi theory | [['quantum', 'hamiltonjacobi', 'theory', 'and', 'supersymmetric', 'quantum', 'mechanics', 'susyqm', 'are', 'two', 'parallel', 'methods', 'to', 'determine', 'the', 'spectra', 'of', 'a', 'quantum', 'mechanical', 'systems', 'without', 'solving', 'the', 'schrodinger', 'equation', 'it', 'was', 'recently', 'shown', 'that', 'the', 'shape', 'invariance', 'which', 'is', 'an', 'integrability', 'condition', 'in', 'susyqm', 'formalism', 'can', 'be', 'utilized', 'to', 'develop', 'an', 'iterative', 'algorithm', 'to', 'determine', 'the', 'quantum', 'momentum', 'functions', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'shape', 'invariance', 'also', 'suffices', 'to', 'determine', 'the', 'eigenvalues', 'in', 'quantum', 'hamiltonjacobi', 'theory']] | [-0.07726732092576001, 0.11198312110571203, -0.18750850440984643, 0.10114365785911276, -0.07661489976217618, -0.19305431722613, -0.07035495866108937, 0.33255490546139915, -0.30528258831819166, -0.26726970743589307, 0.01834857206936372, -0.24798892316332943, -0.22058623827792503, 0.15516605215600213, -0.08745948575135018, 0.16666471681280717, 0.05367145550160392, 0.03065624468129229, -0.1169726223357626, -0.2334442971733625, 0.2708645600045251, 0.02652417359766676, 0.2825897683584559, 0.061259860078476974, 0.1154104203199716, 0.011344287506732586, 0.06717160570032492, -0.002499018015490996, -0.16542523202735684, 0.09932209628105566, 0.2565496209757151, 0.09629461101281482, 0.23728672188480157, -0.4494163319720207, -0.21099027000820716, 0.10412945968690454, 0.1557328610215336, 0.1960607875607329, 0.012086061609757913, -0.2967343901762286, 0.10430844081565738, -0.13187752263872204, -0.19657959502089667, -0.14398875752010862, 0.0009049388164704716, -0.0667813608070483, -0.21498274275831677, 0.0486558278534102, 0.0570286604752009, -0.00015044367142223023, -0.06757661382466354, 0.0011292588865585826, 0.03684377620575597, 0.05661402504916328, -0.02014786492391313, -0.0007764114935353801, 0.1148882170736387, -0.10814578744041659, -0.18807577024012603, 0.4015077595548654, 0.01414452976471669, -0.29828494092499885, 0.1192601792721984, -0.0885200543278778, -0.16303766033033262, 0.0596149675359295, 0.13408930486420523, 0.15765758739734018, -0.22293239956520297, 0.18260718272869927, 0.0024014981211842716, 0.16273589276180073, 0.0409942669353473, 0.02263484350279779, 0.15013837174990693, 0.015897814939553674, 0.0762831379432936, 0.13062387263572245, -0.008931163817996511, -0.20471924029894778, -0.32394124557440346, -0.21318565139739115, -0.21746509065348152, 0.12238245791239613, -0.05586539859536601, -0.18156800383970934, 0.35074907371371583, 0.17787359827323942, 0.13970432800517693, 0.027272779027289536, 0.24469557472479506, 0.25274236594654015, 0.027257439154955383, 0.06664869586333029, 0.26722963851549336, 0.24131902852221518, 0.09938525724400943, -0.2894691701890347, -0.06012381460341449, 0.16696966360197277] |
708.2456 | On the subset sum problem over finite fields | The subset sum problem over finite fields is a well-known {\bf NP}-complete
problem. It arises naturally from decoding generalized Reed-Solomon codes. In
this paper, we study the number of solutions of the subset sum problem from a
mathematical point of view. In several interesting cases, we obtain explicit or
asymptotic formulas for the solution number. As a consequence, we obtain some
results on the decoding problem of Reed-Solomon codes.
| math.NT cs.IT math.IT | the subset sum problem over finite fields is a wellknown bf npcomplete problem it arises naturally from decoding generalized reedsolomon codes in this paper we study the number of solutions of the subset sum problem from a mathematical point of view in several interesting cases we obtain explicit or asymptotic formulas for the solution number as a consequence we obtain some results on the decoding problem of reedsolomon codes | [['the', 'subset', 'sum', 'problem', 'over', 'finite', 'fields', 'is', 'a', 'wellknown', 'bf', 'npcomplete', 'problem', 'it', 'arises', 'naturally', 'from', 'decoding', 'generalized', 'reedsolomon', 'codes', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'study', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'solutions', 'of', 'the', 'subset', 'sum', 'problem', 'from', 'a', 'mathematical', 'point', 'of', 'view', 'in', 'several', 'interesting', 'cases', 'we', 'obtain', 'explicit', 'or', 'asymptotic', 'formulas', 'for', 'the', 'solution', 'number', 'as', 'a', 'consequence', 'we', 'obtain', 'some', 'results', 'on', 'the', 'decoding', 'problem', 'of', 'reedsolomon', 'codes']] | [-0.1800601210013248, -0.027408645744772926, -0.05686815180208372, 0.0997245007235071, -0.07682419881440591, -0.15192575770956668, 0.10858955986264661, 0.30675258466204547, -0.35702465334907174, -0.26252938844803453, 0.1532589101023378, -0.26572851552560495, -0.22762026404624508, 0.22287231363504584, -0.12664462495624743, 0.06142707363418911, 0.08148283390598236, 0.06741821686264829, -0.10903464295509932, -0.2838976277659337, 0.3060769378983726, 0.01868288088556163, 0.23234118063650702, 0.03489994318426951, 0.10067842948331457, 0.036472285928987505, 0.007033069280610568, 0.014109974523070496, -0.17189473754631868, 0.05260224133540971, 0.31228071834514104, 0.22287005541738178, 0.25481870981689164, -0.3477491331219241, -0.20050576161863148, 0.15823409186703138, 0.18730738578175288, 0.18910892167385074, -0.03358601955730684, -0.17988490140524463, 0.10987019629987038, -0.1936398453949748, -0.08385851876675218, -8.832936620582704e-05, -0.022610908664385046, 0.0030562496858824425, -0.28251395369137544, 0.006968273214347984, 0.06919318684073084, 0.0608158673470219, -0.08831520780138132, -0.17072047082626302, 0.12279494139163391, 0.05610072065104285, 0.09874731590094017, 0.03900347014659665, -0.014660855589866422, -0.1074655482214808, -0.12426744390656982, 0.40607693780591525, 0.021630221363696932, -0.2649903736630644, 0.10855598004021938, -0.04982462684637395, -0.138418428964265, 0.13160017362215382, 0.1965017803789427, 0.1908116733952277, -0.08606022153643594, 0.1494798525708957, -0.17265737410364806, 0.09154301363699799, 0.11849979801184457, 0.09014475649303716, 0.1566769445207024, 0.09211598830702512, 0.0795716289886395, 0.24920726675148783, -0.028914476404020537, -0.08546328644497671, -0.348236718287597, -0.11847397998191309, -0.18754020218561956, 0.0949337103444597, -0.1468141811184477, -0.19277464185395968, 0.38492425208560366, 0.11392138767447593, 0.14963467222085033, 0.1440779595784303, 0.25084792169323866, 0.0860163368726743, 0.021066258755930954, 0.13512973236999865, 0.10626818712309773, 0.18657258813998298, 0.010292944543913978, -0.15481225579329158, 0.0036294022305072217, 0.18046894261910432] |
708.2457 | The relative growth rate for partial quotients | We look at the rate of growth of the partial quotients of the infinite
continued fraction expansion of an irrational number relative to the rate of
approximation of the number by its convergents. In non-generic cases the
Hausdorff dimension of some exceptional sets is computed.
| math.NT | we look at the rate of growth of the partial quotients of the infinite continued fraction expansion of an irrational number relative to the rate of approximation of the number by its convergents in nongeneric cases the hausdorff dimension of some exceptional sets is computed | [['we', 'look', 'at', 'the', 'rate', 'of', 'growth', 'of', 'the', 'partial', 'quotients', 'of', 'the', 'infinite', 'continued', 'fraction', 'expansion', 'of', 'an', 'irrational', 'number', 'relative', 'to', 'the', 'rate', 'of', 'approximation', 'of', 'the', 'number', 'by', 'its', 'convergents', 'in', 'nongeneric', 'cases', 'the', 'hausdorff', 'dimension', 'of', 'some', 'exceptional', 'sets', 'is', 'computed']] | [-0.2394697840222054, 0.10440230103914575, -0.034145841964830954, 0.05624441172565437, -0.002293792149672906, -0.01827178569510579, 0.12679715897474025, 0.25269397425775725, -0.30022848166732324, -0.19639772126554614, 0.1493397369954942, -0.316385698897971, -0.0815476396638486, 0.22842056907506453, -0.07006150869031748, 0.06129975297048481, 0.008527588244113657, 0.13945867187447017, -0.05176436462336116, -0.3790630526012845, 0.32826354816142056, 0.02787603810429573, 0.1967736764345318, 0.0398940528018607, 0.10711168953114086, -0.04183268115157261, -0.05203644185223513, 0.011172223233693835, -0.174695713714593, 0.1340651039034128, 0.225646594290932, 0.1438269840191222, 0.2727802003423373, -0.3493737446842715, -0.08945205377207863, 0.1875617790553305, 0.17334977798163892, 0.055289837304088804, 0.0013885024935007095, -0.1884445376901163, 0.09108709644319282, -0.19521628175344732, -0.2517208782128162, -0.05983958345734411, 0.08824150032467312, 0.06562517646105132, -0.22055647648457025, 0.09310087217018008, 0.04871996462736408, 0.09074010445943309, -0.04202612531112714, -0.11347846355703142, -0.03373845842046042, 0.12962353946382388, 0.10633013158933156, -0.010032246158354812, 0.0710260147953199, -0.16160687112973796, -0.07484563027715517, 0.3718386953800089, -0.027775930965112314, -0.1988886954055892, 0.16462420287231605, -0.3050422111215691, -0.10843971338537005, 0.22370987348258495, 0.17698961310088634, 0.1264939302785529, -0.00386953204870224, 0.1392432675179508, -0.0648305810160107, 0.10538597078476515, 0.16097888849261735, 0.030713368657355508, 0.12640721019771364, 0.07708131108019087, 0.056021368304371, 0.17668990950203603, -0.026048867849426137, -0.03433514651325014, -0.3255024954676628, -0.15953438526226416, -0.16357593656414085, 0.0980125495336122, -0.2012517246501779, -0.22212390956572362, 0.36353301430741947, 0.04276513150996632, 0.2421600763996442, 0.10674751742432514, 0.2312672257423401, 0.1511938129318878, -0.002139934514545732, 0.020602812835325796, 0.17043322846616826, 0.152012082732593, -0.02065890272303174, -0.2377347253366477, 0.06974311610683799, 0.2034645670404037] |
708.2458 | Chkareuli-Froggatt-Nielsen Theorem and Photon Mass | We analyze there is a relation between fossil charge and the mass of photon
based on Chkareuli-Froggatt-Nielsen Theorem and Proca Lagrangian. As generally
known, massive photon will lead to Lorentz non-invariance field theory.
| physics.gen-ph physics.class-ph | we analyze there is a relation between fossil charge and the mass of photon based on chkareulifroggattnielsen theorem and proca lagrangian as generally known massive photon will lead to lorentz noninvariance field theory | [['we', 'analyze', 'there', 'is', 'a', 'relation', 'between', 'fossil', 'charge', 'and', 'the', 'mass', 'of', 'photon', 'based', 'on', 'chkareulifroggattnielsen', 'theorem', 'and', 'proca', 'lagrangian', 'as', 'generally', 'known', 'massive', 'photon', 'will', 'lead', 'to', 'lorentz', 'noninvariance', 'field', 'theory']] | [-0.1402208865765715, 0.2230583450582344, -0.11001370023586787, 0.17443288296999526, -0.1036107701365836, -0.1094861624733312, 0.044275408083194634, 0.33103882923023775, -0.13348783724359237, -0.34276547108311206, -0.0056870333646656945, -0.2471270368550904, -0.12890641868580133, 0.21231140301097184, -0.08297736072563566, -0.017410564818419516, -0.03932332439580932, 0.10098882508464158, -0.10603012942010537, -0.15406232318491675, 0.3668512135191122, 0.023063897679094225, 0.2750311312847771, 0.10269610065734014, 0.14306767180096358, 0.041252783412346616, -0.07485840914887376, 0.0050916417967528105, -0.09664470952702686, 0.036463572847424075, 0.18528854941541795, 0.11894952673173975, 0.18261615945084486, -0.4321894909371622, -0.13987865997478366, 0.11887599542751559, 0.12147354998160154, 0.11547939630690962, -0.11493949957730365, -0.24769542238209397, 0.06229281399282627, -0.21139504830352962, -0.18091394362272695, -0.05640448216581717, 0.007068033013638342, -0.027137549070175737, -0.22989927604794502, 0.20276236860081553, 0.020765192748513073, 0.0021609536051983014, -0.05139993223565398, -0.006978927529416978, -0.06772729736985639, 0.013981417840113863, 0.1659464611657313, 0.08066817633516621, 0.18584953698155005, -0.13149714365135878, -0.11594977852655575, 0.4352898341603577, -0.05927776551106945, -0.20271194202359766, 0.20255528426059755, -0.1491355516773183, -0.1314701527589932, 0.06774782028514892, 0.15469162876252085, 0.10051279632898513, -0.15344923245720565, 0.09432434063273831, -0.052859872332192026, 0.17905698731192388, 0.0961999584978912, 0.1311046569608152, 0.26150421355850995, 0.0743443890241906, 0.06430316247860901, 0.04933425213675946, -0.08637809679930797, -0.11108766094548628, -0.319829307612963, -0.16851150698494166, -0.13915633762371726, 0.16846059620729648, -0.08950982862643286, -0.14005959009227809, 0.29325769521528855, 0.1358843727648491, 0.06751213033567183, 0.03195976748975227, 0.28218869864940643, 0.1747156956080289, 0.1293971515551675, 0.053067283515702, 0.31509110658225836, 0.27921530956518836, 0.07516465325898025, -0.20532113658555318, -0.13565623511385638, 0.12173386578797363] |
708.2459 | Carbon nanotube, graphene, nanowire, and molecule-based electron and
spin transport phenomena using the non-equilibrium Green function method at
the level of first principles theory | Based on density functional theory (DFT), we have developed algorithms and a
program code to investigate the electron transport characteristics for a
variety of nanometer scaled devices in the presence of an external bias
voltage. We employed basis sets comprised of linear combinations of numerical
type atomic orbitals and k-point sampling for the realistic modeling of the
bulk electrode. The scheme coupled with the matrix version of the
non-equilibrium Green function method enables determination of the transmission
coefficients at a given energy and voltage in a self-consistent manner, as well
as the corresponding current-voltage (I-V) characteristics. This scheme has
advantages because it is applicable to large systems, easily transportable to
different types of quantum chemistry packages, and extendable to describe
time-dependent phenomena or inelastic scatterings. It has been applied to
diverse types of practical electronic devices such as carbon nanotubes,
graphene nano-ribbons, metallic nanowires, and molecular electronic devices.
The quantum conductance phenomena for systems involving quantum point contacts
and I-V curves are described for the dithiol-benzene molecule in contact with
two Au electrodes using the k-point sampling method.
| cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.mtrl-sci | based on density functional theory dft we have developed algorithms and a program code to investigate the electron transport characteristics for a variety of nanometer scaled devices in the presence of an external bias voltage we employed basis sets comprised of linear combinations of numerical type atomic orbitals and kpoint sampling for the realistic modeling of the bulk electrode the scheme coupled with the matrix version of the nonequilibrium green function method enables determination of the transmission coefficients at a given energy and voltage in a selfconsistent manner as well as the corresponding currentvoltage iv characteristics this scheme has advantages because it is applicable to large systems easily transportable to different types of quantum chemistry packages and extendable to describe timedependent phenomena or inelastic scatterings it has been applied to diverse types of practical electronic devices such as carbon nanotubes graphene nanoribbons metallic nanowires and molecular electronic devices the quantum conductance phenomena for systems involving quantum point contacts and iv curves are described for the dithiolbenzene molecule in contact with two au electrodes using the kpoint sampling method | [['based', 'on', 'density', 'functional', 'theory', 'dft', 'we', 'have', 'developed', 'algorithms', 'and', 'a', 'program', 'code', 'to', 'investigate', 'the', 'electron', 'transport', 'characteristics', 'for', 'a', 'variety', 'of', 'nanometer', 'scaled', 'devices', 'in', 'the', 'presence', 'of', 'an', 'external', 'bias', 'voltage', 'we', 'employed', 'basis', 'sets', 'comprised', 'of', 'linear', 'combinations', 'of', 'numerical', 'type', 'atomic', 'orbitals', 'and', 'kpoint', 'sampling', 'for', 'the', 'realistic', 'modeling', 'of', 'the', 'bulk', 'electrode', 'the', 'scheme', 'coupled', 'with', 'the', 'matrix', 'version', 'of', 'the', 'nonequilibrium', 'green', 'function', 'method', 'enables', 'determination', 'of', 'the', 'transmission', 'coefficients', 'at', 'a', 'given', 'energy', 'and', 'voltage', 'in', 'a', 'selfconsistent', 'manner', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'the', 'corresponding', 'currentvoltage', 'iv', 'characteristics', 'this', 'scheme', 'has', 'advantages', 'because', 'it', 'is', 'applicable', 'to', 'large', 'systems', 'easily', 'transportable', 'to', 'different', 'types', 'of', 'quantum', 'chemistry', 'packages', 'and', 'extendable', 'to', 'describe', 'timedependent', 'phenomena', 'or', 'inelastic', 'scatterings', 'it', 'has', 'been', 'applied', 'to', 'diverse', 'types', 'of', 'practical', 'electronic', 'devices', 'such', 'as', 'carbon', 'nanotubes', 'graphene', 'nanoribbons', 'metallic', 'nanowires', 'and', 'molecular', 'electronic', 'devices', 'the', 'quantum', 'conductance', 'phenomena', 'for', 'systems', 'involving', 'quantum', 'point', 'contacts', 'and', 'iv', 'curves', 'are', 'described', 'for', 'the', 'dithiolbenzene', 'molecule', 'in', 'contact', 'with', 'two', 'au', 'electrodes', 'using', 'the', 'kpoint', 'sampling', 'method']] | [-0.12931864521345177, 0.06559573061572517, -0.0617798739612776, 0.02245055353742535, 0.002633644805926472, -0.19659898097568987, 0.05828406641293991, 0.412190630037527, -0.27104747592140055, -0.2993614613644168, 0.011580100630957234, -0.27604820787654083, -0.1471999883046637, 0.24289430786676622, 0.01218074050042673, 0.09907058040378122, 0.04656994510915572, -0.08549885099550997, -0.07357101812550935, -0.19056483355513906, 0.26792774651736273, 0.03425142108949459, 0.31270388465395754, 0.08167473836617786, 0.07646226873200408, 0.032892812094730085, 0.04897735360532994, 0.047453476743520066, -0.11370842037248914, 0.09760101993652429, 0.2992231539295365, -0.011755228209661815, 0.23041643005516907, -0.49860667295248834, -0.22533817880518608, 0.0039494115448856755, 0.10552942252318022, 0.1607852148386718, -0.0449490186101119, -0.24445380970025382, 0.06414671305969546, -0.16180367373314156, -0.13642847682009018, -0.09756329948856038, 0.00872258773326116, 0.07003432724593302, -0.2426870546729888, 0.04769031171513311, -0.040815200436318366, 0.07480460406138988, -0.034799537381290796, -0.13537398697861003, -0.014471733083653838, 0.083700237160688, -0.03357810183365088, -0.030528329481176064, 0.2309244835017891, -0.08429574338577182, -0.11463435251649869, 0.38931520887266446, -0.03659746894155139, -0.17309628062877255, 0.2193121756321756, -0.10371233998090135, -0.08463806660430201, 0.12623956782603898, 0.15201784208703703, 0.1188630733275944, -0.18991150387686462, 0.09017939033141487, 0.03362217896662673, 0.13699988364508392, 0.05177112814633565, 0.08413419724471004, 0.22087464503428272, 0.18375388635480303, 0.031049795457988052, 0.09812843109846725, -0.11575299934852384, -0.06848227889355966, -0.24323002777278085, -0.17581563124085886, -0.21709311021870728, 0.06982456383658416, -0.04796418230299901, -0.23607825922469297, 0.42590934154063714, 0.11841841597415212, 0.1309321834995164, -0.029112883372558546, 0.2908926217706274, 0.13102107454883197, 0.09719444992610038, 0.02363190617896406, 0.1452225017306095, 0.19156532368812143, 0.10291192018148085, -0.255122851723763, 0.056627535613748316, 0.014863363794698301] |
708.246 | Synchronization in coupled phase oscillators | We make a short review about the synchronization in coupled phase oscillator
models. Next, we study the common-noise-induced synchronization among active
rotators. At an intermediate noise strength, the noise-induced synchronization
takes place most effectively, which is analogous to the stochastic resonance.
Finally, we study the synchronization of coupled phase oscillators with
nonvariational interaction on scale-free networks. We find a sharp transition
and a weak hysteresis in the nonvariational systems. The sharp transition is
found also in the mean-field approximation.
| nlin.AO nlin.CD | we make a short review about the synchronization in coupled phase oscillator models next we study the commonnoiseinduced synchronization among active rotators at an intermediate noise strength the noiseinduced synchronization takes place most effectively which is analogous to the stochastic resonance finally we study the synchronization of coupled phase oscillators with nonvariational interaction on scalefree networks we find a sharp transition and a weak hysteresis in the nonvariational systems the sharp transition is found also in the meanfield approximation | [['we', 'make', 'a', 'short', 'review', 'about', 'the', 'synchronization', 'in', 'coupled', 'phase', 'oscillator', 'models', 'next', 'we', 'study', 'the', 'commonnoiseinduced', 'synchronization', 'among', 'active', 'rotators', 'at', 'an', 'intermediate', 'noise', 'strength', 'the', 'noiseinduced', 'synchronization', 'takes', 'place', 'most', 'effectively', 'which', 'is', 'analogous', 'to', 'the', 'stochastic', 'resonance', 'finally', 'we', 'study', 'the', 'synchronization', 'of', 'coupled', 'phase', 'oscillators', 'with', 'nonvariational', 'interaction', 'on', 'scalefree', 'networks', 'we', 'find', 'a', 'sharp', 'transition', 'and', 'a', 'weak', 'hysteresis', 'in', 'the', 'nonvariational', 'systems', 'the', 'sharp', 'transition', 'is', 'found', 'also', 'in', 'the', 'meanfield', 'approximation']] | [-0.23252256410903757, 0.15991219290686165, -0.03776776977472856, 0.08935301992865398, -0.026807505448785008, -0.18288879214986403, 0.07538021731933084, 0.36327191569571254, -0.23994899043795664, -0.23243618495998125, 0.051447500735580264, -0.27378742995707295, -0.2662143521246654, 0.1301171817710694, -0.008967558974164385, -0.014610843648957206, 0.03628331991030446, 0.08539868403768426, -0.0444691658633042, -0.15786609779807587, 0.28423100874959667, 0.014695038075877142, 0.2593240235236627, -0.01717456866385816, 0.055379918198796764, -0.05894258451541957, 0.08598690149904806, -0.01436080408718767, -0.16342731778616015, 0.030229713921022566, 0.2236073871961109, -0.013934712190935505, 0.2781041237183764, -0.43225073564467553, -0.1959921481512204, 0.142699715799263, 0.1747741171072644, 0.21125842824643123, -0.0365160558861975, -0.31459274570917406, -0.020592832360180873, -0.1383668452831386, -0.08984479170198305, -0.07175796186622185, -0.010738248345913672, 0.08660344163521747, -0.2691784422325937, 0.08961031615072448, 0.10682729894259968, 0.06364077775255789, -0.048417030229480774, -0.00654818001203239, 0.023106044482534067, 0.11145814337850182, -0.01299930670404736, -0.012280858761359807, 0.0884790643872811, -0.10081165723054658, -0.08100815953191699, 0.3247218109738034, -0.0863297605994629, -0.10385762162129336, 0.22807329279500282, -0.138928273480527, -0.18904075864702463, 0.12693300516686484, 0.2035419008270189, 0.08580316379194773, -0.17401876150854403, 0.013040283705915407, 0.05540187800703924, 0.2167780433451356, 0.017762779541125026, 0.0170778153092848, 0.15500363226555572, 0.2593844784541598, 0.09039225887589722, 0.18446998456434074, -0.07453378701665073, -0.19102434587629535, -0.2867057345854708, -0.06676517562539894, -0.11830747199445209, 0.03908174615235457, -0.1170385510988955, -0.17394634277288673, 0.4092766548377238, 0.1828318556381649, 0.19562534592998557, 0.03748087505839435, 0.26742803900726614, 0.16504322482815273, 0.02334771030641432, 0.05684384536823329, 0.33868676749399945, 0.20867751282934524, 0.1555323736282372, -0.28478449782285886, 0.050012640083279415, 0.05995659484186127] |
708.2461 | The $e^+ e^-\to 2(\pi^+\pi^-)\pi^0$, 2(\pi^+\pi^-)\eta$, $K^+
K^-\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$ and $K^+ K^-\pi^+\pi^-\eta$ Cross Sections Measured with
Initial-State Radiation | We study the processes $e^+ e^-\to 2(\pi^+\pi^-)\pi^0\gamma$,
$2(\pi^+\pi^-)\eta\gamma$, $K^+ K^-\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0\gamma$ and $K^+
K^-\pi^+\pi^-\eta\gamma$ with the hard photon radiated from the initial state.
About 20000, 4300, 5500 and 375 fully reconstructed events, respectively, are
selected from 232 fb$^{-1}$ of BaBar data. The invariant mass of the hadronic
final state defines the effective $e^+ e^-$ center-of-mass energy, so that the
obtained cross sections from the threshold to about 5 GeV can be compared with
corresponding direct \epem measurements, currently available only for the
$\eta\pi^+\pi^-$ and $\omega\pi^+\pi^-$ submodes of the $e^+ e^-\to
2(\pi^+\pi^-)\pi^0$ channel. Studying the structure of these events, we find
contributions from a number of intermediate states, and we extract their cross
sections where possible. In particular, we isolate the contribution from $e^+
e^-\to\omega(782)\pi^+\pi^-$ and study the $\omega(1420)$ and $\omega(1650)$
resonances. In the charmonium region, we observe the $J/\psi$ in all these
final states and several intermediate states, as well as the $\psi(2S)$ in some
modes, and we measure the corresponding branching fractions.
| hep-ex | we study the processes e eto 2pipipi0gamma 2pipietagamma k kpipipi0gamma and k kpipietagamma with the hard photon radiated from the initial state about 20000 4300 5500 and 375 fully reconstructed events respectively are selected from 232 fb1 of babar data the invariant mass of the hadronic final state defines the effective e e centerofmass energy so that the obtained cross sections from the threshold to about 5 gev can be compared with corresponding direct epem measurements currently available only for the etapipi and omegapipi submodes of the e eto 2pipipi0 channel studying the structure of these events we find contributions from a number of intermediate states and we extract their cross sections where possible in particular we isolate the contribution from e etoomega782pipi and study the omega1420 and omega1650 resonances in the charmonium region we observe the jpsi in all these final states and several intermediate states as well as the psi2s in some modes and we measure the corresponding branching fractions | [['we', 'study', 'the', 'processes', 'e', 'eto', '2pipipi0gamma', '2pipietagamma', 'k', 'kpipipi0gamma', 'and', 'k', 'kpipietagamma', 'with', 'the', 'hard', 'photon', 'radiated', 'from', 'the', 'initial', 'state', 'about', '20000', '4300', '5500', 'and', '375', 'fully', 'reconstructed', 'events', 'respectively', 'are', 'selected', 'from', '232', 'fb1', 'of', 'babar', 'data', 'the', 'invariant', 'mass', 'of', 'the', 'hadronic', 'final', 'state', 'defines', 'the', 'effective', 'e', 'e', 'centerofmass', 'energy', 'so', 'that', 'the', 'obtained', 'cross', 'sections', 'from', 'the', 'threshold', 'to', 'about', '5', 'gev', 'can', 'be', 'compared', 'with', 'corresponding', 'direct', 'epem', 'measurements', 'currently', 'available', 'only', 'for', 'the', 'etapipi', 'and', 'omegapipi', 'submodes', 'of', 'the', 'e', 'eto', '2pipipi0', 'channel', 'studying', 'the', 'structure', 'of', 'these', 'events', 'we', 'find', 'contributions', 'from', 'a', 'number', 'of', 'intermediate', 'states', 'and', 'we', 'extract', 'their', 'cross', 'sections', 'where', 'possible', 'in', 'particular', 'we', 'isolate', 'the', 'contribution', 'from', 'e', 'etoomega782pipi', 'and', 'study', 'the', 'omega1420', 'and', 'omega1650', 'resonances', 'in', 'the', 'charmonium', 'region', 'we', 'observe', 'the', 'jpsi', 'in', 'all', 'these', 'final', 'states', 'and', 'several', 'intermediate', 'states', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'the', 'psi2s', 'in', 'some', 'modes', 'and', 'we', 'measure', 'the', 'corresponding', 'branching', 'fractions']] | [-0.0823727082509625, 0.18057131708916038, -0.0794375134864822, 0.10293959465642007, 0.006051515917090747, -0.05570244546442364, 0.0728278417716352, 0.330721896332808, -0.22144009344554386, -0.3173949784802225, 0.013603095054769745, -0.38478563712814295, 0.01889881173459192, 0.16046078701336414, 0.08646010593582058, 0.08651304143803337, 0.10716869797891913, 0.07351832972385754, -0.013040084017586943, -0.15401372402303445, 0.30262428457036805, 0.041795430722861335, 0.21301554314768276, 0.09130428704576424, 0.06555677376439771, 0.021771922109063525, -0.052285182218138986, -0.05375285853201953, -0.1822033545186759, 0.0604546615165115, 0.2699802133302467, 0.10474533484562133, 0.13230662651282424, -0.3275116367910344, -0.06772339629391447, 0.13403838506052032, 0.11256220686930017, 0.0635406372244828, 0.018386120812442057, -0.3304888446731732, 0.13058956241151556, -0.19306547096811044, -0.05654890880060311, -0.03628584565535092, 0.04666663091092442, -0.034914251939298056, -0.2724995688950935, 0.07885766410748683, -0.010809825938523341, 0.03297386845373788, -0.08712370609655642, -0.23656170109573466, -0.09380221174797043, 0.0647149009970375, 0.042647018567479864, 0.0589977231000562, 0.16719709267206967, -0.1241973122195281, -0.13792620403602576, 0.34547773162380624, -0.07051955988833633, -0.11801054660015954, 0.1846518847686149, -0.21094407494633627, -0.08019474601837245, 0.19580024428432807, 0.22377664612222595, 0.11399899053671667, -0.1506117567071506, 0.08430022448868467, -0.006605058458285968, 0.1472242609000741, 0.08576826885856019, 0.0756212464050175, 0.1493214225092043, 0.12172064975423452, -0.016673938223483183, 0.09317695290351716, -0.15393173559986723, -0.0287119774002349, -0.39387213878366406, -0.1275266338414393, -0.08862157186973864, 0.1174358301952732, 0.000784408087873509, -0.05196385827357284, 0.372127521971169, 0.07225499886706717, 0.3563971006347296, 0.001188412341528023, 0.26141430112795955, 0.08982969626809698, 0.02839263952531231, 0.10878793590176755, 0.29703074232141563, 0.15552744524141487, 0.10195903087225862, -0.20375086683093402, 0.011587949169692226, -0.039481364362216435] |
708.2462 | Eigenvalue bounds on the pseudocodeword weight of expander codes | Four different ways of obtaining low-density parity-check codes from expander
graphs are considered. For each case, lower bounds on the minimum stopping set
size and the minimum pseudocodeword weight of expander (LDPC) codes are
derived. These bounds are compared with the known eigenvalue-based lower bounds
on the minimum distance of expander codes. Furthermore, Tanner's
parity-oriented eigenvalue lower bound on the minimum distance is generalized
to yield a new lower bound on the minimum pseudocodeword weight. These bounds
are useful in predicting the performance of LDPC codes under graph-based
iterative decoding and linear programming decoding.
| cs.IT math.IT | four different ways of obtaining lowdensity paritycheck codes from expander graphs are considered for each case lower bounds on the minimum stopping set size and the minimum pseudocodeword weight of expander ldpc codes are derived these bounds are compared with the known eigenvaluebased lower bounds on the minimum distance of expander codes furthermore tanners parityoriented eigenvalue lower bound on the minimum distance is generalized to yield a new lower bound on the minimum pseudocodeword weight these bounds are useful in predicting the performance of ldpc codes under graphbased iterative decoding and linear programming decoding | [['four', 'different', 'ways', 'of', 'obtaining', 'lowdensity', 'paritycheck', 'codes', 'from', 'expander', 'graphs', 'are', 'considered', 'for', 'each', 'case', 'lower', 'bounds', 'on', 'the', 'minimum', 'stopping', 'set', 'size', 'and', 'the', 'minimum', 'pseudocodeword', 'weight', 'of', 'expander', 'ldpc', 'codes', 'are', 'derived', 'these', 'bounds', 'are', 'compared', 'with', 'the', 'known', 'eigenvaluebased', 'lower', 'bounds', 'on', 'the', 'minimum', 'distance', 'of', 'expander', 'codes', 'furthermore', 'tanners', 'parityoriented', 'eigenvalue', 'lower', 'bound', 'on', 'the', 'minimum', 'distance', 'is', 'generalized', 'to', 'yield', 'a', 'new', 'lower', 'bound', 'on', 'the', 'minimum', 'pseudocodeword', 'weight', 'these', 'bounds', 'are', 'useful', 'in', 'predicting', 'the', 'performance', 'of', 'ldpc', 'codes', 'under', 'graphbased', 'iterative', 'decoding', 'and', 'linear', 'programming', 'decoding']] | [-0.18649521696391286, 0.10429427164897162, -0.06470601608155556, 0.14374374505758325, -0.016775918964256523, -0.28882531032106407, 0.0864238753233866, 0.34808302598364493, -0.2678390117462284, -0.3531968362869755, 0.15426627526395223, -0.27712819413832757, -0.1178782137952024, 0.23900066800816086, -0.11721139770722197, 0.16147405628154995, 0.09921300515622622, 0.09950557702298586, -0.19406011740687074, -0.35515844737810476, 0.2504459339749789, 0.20759903916323016, 0.2632466207548816, 0.06298307895908252, 0.011800089803454216, -0.059094492401126575, 0.020317630041190374, -0.05061248467574196, -0.2469464728949211, 0.1576392372258969, 0.27358790376894576, 0.2180405602770387, 0.18018031800766626, -0.3582615975931447, -0.1865675069732211, 0.1112310789507984, 0.11454582153268719, 0.14370799572357246, -0.04106123990789857, -0.16915971598517832, 0.14742951552253417, -0.12127814551575049, 0.05617422205946779, 0.05681226713963414, -0.04144599133982293, 0.054602450495886225, -0.30266457982361317, -0.006982249647168623, 0.06735196706065308, 0.04280740709634878, -0.016056784789168065, -0.32748058512406325, 0.0701420769691267, 0.07425957766702018, -0.08214052039529046, 0.0033398390276938358, 0.02994145071935109, -0.05254826552525003, -0.12271132017736153, 0.29166237782606835, -0.035106319100445794, -0.19401622130986182, 0.13628994236620123, -0.025360664823443017, -0.11178859290967305, 0.14819431234832092, 0.28559700099210583, 0.13466783988499834, -0.07778400064556189, 0.07634173074965014, -0.09415400835374992, 0.12093146507858589, 0.1620406208219387, 0.176171366070267, 0.11633002174447381, 0.07529086012753748, 0.19479550345129865, 0.2157680584012621, -0.05809981854111757, -0.08590949893558539, -0.25556854423015346, -0.005926467204135993, -0.259819885795956, -0.02529900604157999, -0.270754848491408, -0.1919264778224451, 0.36492104459834357, 0.08491224890715011, 0.12442342951012555, 0.2519325776005624, 0.2644897139561112, 0.09359219815392393, 0.09930337372646537, 0.270197323668668, 0.1935506356299244, 0.2352988144892308, -0.12321432412511879, -0.19462010693506046, 0.1150260356145971, 0.19485837103478532] |
708.2463 | Some Implications of Perturbative Approach to AdS/CFT Correspondence | We show some implications of the approach to AdS/CFT correspondence based on
Type IIB string in the flat space-time with D3-branes proposed in our previous
paper. We discuss a correspondence for high energy scattering amplitudes of N=4
super-Yang-Mills proposed recently. We also discuss AdS/CFT correspondence at
finite temperature. Our approach provides clear understanding of these issues.
| hep-th | we show some implications of the approach to adscft correspondence based on type iib string in the flat spacetime with d3branes proposed in our previous paper we discuss a correspondence for high energy scattering amplitudes of n4 superyangmills proposed recently we also discuss adscft correspondence at finite temperature our approach provides clear understanding of these issues | [['we', 'show', 'some', 'implications', 'of', 'the', 'approach', 'to', 'adscft', 'correspondence', 'based', 'on', 'type', 'iib', 'string', 'in', 'the', 'flat', 'spacetime', 'with', 'd3branes', 'proposed', 'in', 'our', 'previous', 'paper', 'we', 'discuss', 'a', 'correspondence', 'for', 'high', 'energy', 'scattering', 'amplitudes', 'of', 'n4', 'superyangmills', 'proposed', 'recently', 'we', 'also', 'discuss', 'adscft', 'correspondence', 'at', 'finite', 'temperature', 'our', 'approach', 'provides', 'clear', 'understanding', 'of', 'these', 'issues']] | [-0.10572301118684534, 0.06480207435587156, -0.11468126029441399, 0.11889284102445734, -0.08947491645812988, -0.1365179866968122, 0.025567572249981043, 0.3741701576592667, -0.132957677343906, -0.24493713181956472, 0.04842124137212522, -0.2519214251328127, -0.23823669250123203, 0.14962715803579027, -0.11776143517012574, 0.05146347327224378, 0.021929718354450806, 0.027453010602455055, -0.14148260709147767, -0.27891613270289134, 0.361767271874539, 0.012556435914510595, 0.37405023936714443, 0.17928138667983667, 0.1065328456295122, 0.00924970063247851, -0.04173100565094501, 0.015369449390293864, -0.1497013674975928, 0.1678831752797123, 0.2903463708768998, 0.10049939113170174, 0.11065230778019343, -0.49552767045263735, -0.2752048953303269, 0.03074587302814637, 0.1855121234298817, 0.18775086203822866, -0.07767162316719935, -0.2610495023961578, 0.0715615084295028, -0.17851024275712138, -0.19203189620748162, -0.06839739763277716, 0.012529415776953101, -0.10185709685486342, -0.19526281833116496, 0.07074824159696748, 0.006465472098040793, 0.038988264460515766, -0.05185696544192199, -0.06492969396432662, 0.0035453472352985826, 0.02600795666720452, 0.11238969160643007, 0.039641815553685386, 0.0350820409366861, -0.14918767970188387, -0.15718335561853433, 0.27474968899956104, -0.040764326321160685, -0.1368813147169671, 0.23128704337951994, -0.16871743168615336, -0.22313522469318872, 0.02552756788541696, 0.11237206097160067, 0.16716120496026374, -0.09871727825208966, 0.19054283467786653, -0.050606381347669024, 0.10514827962989719, 0.1326856729408194, 0.09057784697506577, 0.2638510625443554, 0.200266326777637, -0.03572588844690472, 0.169562924703184, -0.06755074976328095, -0.09510683970126722, -0.4289827069733292, -0.11803750878399503, -0.10009179385711572, 0.07230230648669281, -0.1821363796895769, -0.1354993847365092, 0.3351652754187983, 0.2145530263494168, 0.21134168588157212, 0.07815294654574245, 0.21997668002066867, 0.09034543794197296, 0.00015545632257791503, 0.06632333051779174, 0.2717902494504025, 0.16215789414543128, 0.12658504091502568, -0.27704420403045205, -0.1552072966837191, 0.2013109148413475] |
708.2464 | z-Scaling at RHIC and Tevatron | The experimental data on inclusive cross sections of jet, direct photon and
hadron production in pp/antipp and AA collisions at RHIC and Tevatron are
analyzed in the framework of z-scaling. Results of analysis are compared with
data obtained at ISR, SppS and Tevatron. The properties of z-presentation of
experimental data are verified. Physical interpretation of the scaling function
and variable z is discussed. The locality, self-similarity and fractality are
argued to reflect the general structure of the colliding objects, interaction
of their constituents and particle formation at small scales. The obtained
results suggest that the z-scaling may be used as a tool for searching for new
physics phenomena beyond Standard Model in hadron and nucleus collisions at
high transverse momentum and high multiplicity at U70, RHIC, Tevatron and LHC.
| hep-ph | the experimental data on inclusive cross sections of jet direct photon and hadron production in ppantipp and aa collisions at rhic and tevatron are analyzed in the framework of zscaling results of analysis are compared with data obtained at isr spps and tevatron the properties of zpresentation of experimental data are verified physical interpretation of the scaling function and variable z is discussed the locality selfsimilarity and fractality are argued to reflect the general structure of the colliding objects interaction of their constituents and particle formation at small scales the obtained results suggest that the zscaling may be used as a tool for searching for new physics phenomena beyond standard model in hadron and nucleus collisions at high transverse momentum and high multiplicity at u70 rhic tevatron and lhc | [['the', 'experimental', 'data', 'on', 'inclusive', 'cross', 'sections', 'of', 'jet', 'direct', 'photon', 'and', 'hadron', 'production', 'in', 'ppantipp', 'and', 'aa', 'collisions', 'at', 'rhic', 'and', 'tevatron', 'are', 'analyzed', 'in', 'the', 'framework', 'of', 'zscaling', 'results', 'of', 'analysis', 'are', 'compared', 'with', 'data', 'obtained', 'at', 'isr', 'spps', 'and', 'tevatron', 'the', 'properties', 'of', 'zpresentation', 'of', 'experimental', 'data', 'are', 'verified', 'physical', 'interpretation', 'of', 'the', 'scaling', 'function', 'and', 'variable', 'z', 'is', 'discussed', 'the', 'locality', 'selfsimilarity', 'and', 'fractality', 'are', 'argued', 'to', 'reflect', 'the', 'general', 'structure', 'of', 'the', 'colliding', 'objects', 'interaction', 'of', 'their', 'constituents', 'and', 'particle', 'formation', 'at', 'small', 'scales', 'the', 'obtained', 'results', 'suggest', 'that', 'the', 'zscaling', 'may', 'be', 'used', 'as', 'a', 'tool', 'for', 'searching', 'for', 'new', 'physics', 'phenomena', 'beyond', 'standard', 'model', 'in', 'hadron', 'and', 'nucleus', 'collisions', 'at', 'high', 'transverse', 'momentum', 'and', 'high', 'multiplicity', 'at', 'u70', 'rhic', 'tevatron', 'and', 'lhc']] | [-0.021808384266478242, 0.17091249080112902, -0.16732617248999304, 0.16035625950917165, -0.021103158534970134, -0.11916273432143498, -0.046528792394383345, 0.3479086349689169, -0.21173576932778815, -0.3087591565272305, 0.000643710955955612, -0.34854067604101147, 0.051126444806868676, 0.21926482495018718, 0.08084084517031442, 0.12564558340091025, 0.12176338352583116, -0.033311528437479865, -0.007183208674177877, -0.19782596013283182, 0.2955050190248585, 0.1415358620142797, 0.25804287384380586, 0.17406294796552402, 0.08163597214570473, 0.04823092664082651, -0.07535835889348164, 0.010653590703441296, -0.12650276355481083, 0.07576504400321937, 0.28141302948597513, 0.0918220302401096, 0.13382664806158573, -0.3836983101009537, -0.12650231362204067, 0.03143075681509799, 0.13158329874022456, 0.08563613682781579, -0.08257591799065267, -0.2784856951329857, 0.12575582780982586, -0.20470669039787026, -0.14885475610208232, -0.05525024502640008, 0.016254953530733474, 0.034134937232011, -0.28156927452664604, 0.10014689492891193, -0.04366932780430943, 0.11552628269600973, -0.033157521995235584, -0.19355785845164064, -0.10772292282490525, 0.013853972148353932, 0.0837398323033085, 0.03010804360565089, 0.1767888190006488, -0.18700506893401325, -0.19262519238327513, 0.3791385704671484, 0.02048332927734009, -0.11209833317116136, 0.24723450531018898, -0.24860590566822793, -0.14597568440694886, 0.12542681099876063, 0.26331583598221187, 0.05674237638959312, -0.15766482190565512, 0.0677952743253627, -0.003540868152413168, 0.12292494607572735, 0.07581219899293501, 0.1025312354563539, 0.18980579952767584, 0.22267739590461133, -0.06052886661746015, 0.05904786697919917, -0.11992797287712165, -0.07446649981284281, -0.42042378667974845, -0.09316211604163982, -0.1428641816455638, -0.0219221572706374, -0.07731767305222093, -0.027921334072743775, 0.34304824773425935, 0.1049959869860686, 0.29708226021466544, 0.002176064217564999, 0.2741919714026153, 0.08492715004376805, 0.07306674735264096, 0.06257762212408124, 0.31383635503880214, 0.12127453485481965, 0.20471880928016617, -0.2193336597083544, 0.06891003374767024, 0.04189592896182148] |
708.2465 | Jets in pp collisions at RHIC and Monte Carlo study of z-scaling | Impact of the cone algorithm parameters Ecut, Eseed, R on the efficiency and
characteristics of the reconstructed jets in p-p collisions at the energy sqrt
s = 200 GeV is studied. The PYTHIA Monte Carlo generator is used for event
generation. The dependence of dijet production fraction on the parton
transverse momentum at different algorithm parameters is analyzed. The
dependence of reconstruction efficiency of parton energy in dijet events and
two leading jets in N-jet events on Ecut, Eseed, R is studied. Monte Carlo
results are compared with predictions made in the framework of z-scaling and
experimental data obtained at RHIC. The independence of the slope parameter
beta of the scaling function, on the algorithm parameters over the energy range
ETJet=25-60 GeV is found. The strong dependence of the invariant cross section
and the slope parameter on the algorithm parameters with decreasing of ETJet
for ETJet<25 GeV is observed.
| hep-ph | impact of the cone algorithm parameters ecut eseed r on the efficiency and characteristics of the reconstructed jets in pp collisions at the energy sqrt s 200 gev is studied the pythia monte carlo generator is used for event generation the dependence of dijet production fraction on the parton transverse momentum at different algorithm parameters is analyzed the dependence of reconstruction efficiency of parton energy in dijet events and two leading jets in njet events on ecut eseed r is studied monte carlo results are compared with predictions made in the framework of zscaling and experimental data obtained at rhic the independence of the slope parameter beta of the scaling function on the algorithm parameters over the energy range etjet2560 gev is found the strong dependence of the invariant cross section and the slope parameter on the algorithm parameters with decreasing of etjet for etjet25 gev is observed | [['impact', 'of', 'the', 'cone', 'algorithm', 'parameters', 'ecut', 'eseed', 'r', 'on', 'the', 'efficiency', 'and', 'characteristics', 'of', 'the', 'reconstructed', 'jets', 'in', 'pp', 'collisions', 'at', 'the', 'energy', 'sqrt', 's', '200', 'gev', 'is', 'studied', 'the', 'pythia', 'monte', 'carlo', 'generator', 'is', 'used', 'for', 'event', 'generation', 'the', 'dependence', 'of', 'dijet', 'production', 'fraction', 'on', 'the', 'parton', 'transverse', 'momentum', 'at', 'different', 'algorithm', 'parameters', 'is', 'analyzed', 'the', 'dependence', 'of', 'reconstruction', 'efficiency', 'of', 'parton', 'energy', 'in', 'dijet', 'events', 'and', 'two', 'leading', 'jets', 'in', 'njet', 'events', 'on', 'ecut', 'eseed', 'r', 'is', 'studied', 'monte', 'carlo', 'results', 'are', 'compared', 'with', 'predictions', 'made', 'in', 'the', 'framework', 'of', 'zscaling', 'and', 'experimental', 'data', 'obtained', 'at', 'rhic', 'the', 'independence', 'of', 'the', 'slope', 'parameter', 'beta', 'of', 'the', 'scaling', 'function', 'on', 'the', 'algorithm', 'parameters', 'over', 'the', 'energy', 'range', 'etjet2560', 'gev', 'is', 'found', 'the', 'strong', 'dependence', 'of', 'the', 'invariant', 'cross', 'section', 'and', 'the', 'slope', 'parameter', 'on', 'the', 'algorithm', 'parameters', 'with', 'decreasing', 'of', 'etjet', 'for', 'etjet25', 'gev', 'is', 'observed']] | [-0.08159484331554268, 0.16132026649817513, -0.11990690665293692, 0.15672770882277595, 0.003028875954138736, -0.05954734867231713, -0.03128282447829002, 0.3953629349432756, -0.19789613399188966, -0.3595639579062764, -0.024207873609460268, -0.33501966729009935, 0.05964454641151759, 0.2175431016981343, 0.07303069372816633, 0.12824332311801198, 0.12294168992149127, -0.003591678619462376, -0.07029638280315946, -0.21316850341746532, 0.27665313784543993, 0.1647561405875927, 0.2499546105229658, 0.12477774718879825, 0.11900958642703093, 0.07089172201967307, -0.05388035137043011, -0.034627083119832806, -0.199379793756331, 0.022219670291532465, 0.20462935229604934, 0.05285631477535288, 0.14600227514549463, -0.2985500236843816, -0.12598372121445006, 0.08356047277144778, 0.0996186367863427, -0.01760616234747027, -0.03601272448900596, -0.22593961500226417, 0.12000035423423266, -0.22523601716642994, -0.1076394710342154, 0.004045284954675783, -0.010867435688851401, 0.03501653410623678, -0.32315046521317625, 0.11511680129074699, -0.04917888041301113, 0.06676454648226758, 0.013226092538793132, -0.1890580442462427, -0.09485142852321991, -0.018134785004399925, 0.11439066410821397, 0.07493437031775506, 0.1733205439066094, -0.14091484990866673, -0.18064432125538588, 0.32270402567357653, -0.005201102958785163, -0.16260214488849872, 0.1410699385677516, -0.19090191437862813, -0.13628658782585668, 0.19526296418755212, 0.23960618927635047, 0.11114377196443254, -0.1326115019845828, 0.13337631176141762, 0.020117324392130185, 0.17452550352673926, 0.04238863543529684, 0.025755013795989927, 0.11912263358762074, 0.20018131830470842, -0.015922886659003172, 0.08779613857081535, -0.1717495103932581, -0.10543963415289505, -0.3702410194802926, -0.07243731186604742, -0.16483492947170614, 0.014118411290433465, -0.13666056761050843, -0.08377090951802933, 0.41148435646836234, 0.11985303923655818, 0.28487249809808823, 0.02999729388749175, 0.30879745891757515, 0.13297335778527972, 0.06561552192498413, 0.10638099517543903, 0.2688384234206751, 0.12323554643565633, 0.14482756171653616, -0.22999000841001463, 0.10131959322865845, 0.0697000024649444] |
708.2466 | Probing electroweak physics using B -> XM decays in the endpoint region | Using soft-collinear effective theory we describe at leading order in 1/m_b
all the semi-inclusive hadronic B -> XM decays near the endpoint, where an
energetic light meson M recoils against an inclusive jet X. We also include the
decays involving eta, eta' mesons that receive additional contributions from
gluonic operators. The predicted branching ratios and CP asymmetries depend on
fewer hadronic parameters than the corresponding two-body B decays. This makes
semi-inclusive hadronic B -> XM decays a powerful probe of the potential
nonperturbative nature of charming penguins as well as a useful probe of new
physics effects in electroweak flavor changing transitions. A comparison with B
-> KX data from BaBar points to an enhanced charming penguin, albeit with large
experimental errors.
| hep-ph | using softcollinear effective theory we describe at leading order in 1m_b all the semiinclusive hadronic b xm decays near the endpoint where an energetic light meson m recoils against an inclusive jet x we also include the decays involving eta eta mesons that receive additional contributions from gluonic operators the predicted branching ratios and cp asymmetries depend on fewer hadronic parameters than the corresponding twobody b decays this makes semiinclusive hadronic b xm decays a powerful probe of the potential nonperturbative nature of charming penguins as well as a useful probe of new physics effects in electroweak flavor changing transitions a comparison with b kx data from babar points to an enhanced charming penguin albeit with large experimental errors | [['using', 'softcollinear', 'effective', 'theory', 'we', 'describe', 'at', 'leading', 'order', 'in', '1m_b', 'all', 'the', 'semiinclusive', 'hadronic', 'b', 'xm', 'decays', 'near', 'the', 'endpoint', 'where', 'an', 'energetic', 'light', 'meson', 'm', 'recoils', 'against', 'an', 'inclusive', 'jet', 'x', 'we', 'also', 'include', 'the', 'decays', 'involving', 'eta', 'eta', 'mesons', 'that', 'receive', 'additional', 'contributions', 'from', 'gluonic', 'operators', 'the', 'predicted', 'branching', 'ratios', 'and', 'cp', 'asymmetries', 'depend', 'on', 'fewer', 'hadronic', 'parameters', 'than', 'the', 'corresponding', 'twobody', 'b', 'decays', 'this', 'makes', 'semiinclusive', 'hadronic', 'b', 'xm', 'decays', 'a', 'powerful', 'probe', 'of', 'the', 'potential', 'nonperturbative', 'nature', 'of', 'charming', 'penguins', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'a', 'useful', 'probe', 'of', 'new', 'physics', 'effects', 'in', 'electroweak', 'flavor', 'changing', 'transitions', 'a', 'comparison', 'with', 'b', 'kx', 'data', 'from', 'babar', 'points', 'to', 'an', 'enhanced', 'charming', 'penguin', 'albeit', 'with', 'large', 'experimental', 'errors']] | [-0.062352107402950746, 0.27388364681032457, -0.09670683594436205, 0.1652550590527831, -0.08570293982575859, -0.16466259937185576, 0.07162407794165104, 0.26085518206618413, -0.20894659567279977, -0.19110959835992264, -0.06856823003725658, -0.37298334700235425, -0.0031174274881472105, 0.10985569525001367, 0.07682000489870258, 0.07540523434965675, 0.07446636618388926, -0.008617431817560637, -0.08100799717470816, -0.15476805221352005, 0.27467171136023744, 0.0013065020389416639, 0.13054148675952137, 0.1268203131788011, -0.029144013581304428, 0.03992155515500775, -0.08914994046545956, -0.04065584558445741, -0.11993783230321264, 0.0143431049904653, 0.20288149757944673, 0.07555691692087908, 0.07778148373056736, -0.37280902056759146, -0.06393526418588492, 0.1739663973787189, 0.21181603294636803, 0.060423358030492015, -0.02157376124327924, -0.3482173935279344, 0.0619617520935223, -0.21151510631164708, -0.08850257199633271, -0.16975723850705168, 0.037791940591008474, -0.07786967680484307, -0.40260977246172475, 0.054992222449225726, -0.09662301751869112, 0.03615747194565019, 0.0386770080790675, -0.2787397210760152, -0.008938910703746085, 0.054063192623503065, 0.16095965402885615, 0.16768997641546385, 0.20882180578098827, -0.2063722833188861, -0.18722935638805271, 0.4143409795526947, -0.055907079920259756, -0.15705725123925807, 0.14001776671678828, -0.21259330600860113, -0.17572821639165156, 0.19663961983810202, 0.2366235290571828, 0.08711393138744962, -0.16941540644058034, 0.15700857843685223, -0.010644804201081019, 0.15646499658723464, 0.06823670668644878, 0.14720576296818733, 0.17707515921161956, 0.17313450434002556, -0.03707428797277301, 0.05094613057283387, -0.07656591572454434, -0.031868029577548015, -0.4347193790599704, -0.06900162789814111, -0.03447792512861652, 0.13670146942310848, -0.09827812921102726, -0.1068135298702459, 0.34807497997056036, 0.06046532977669805, 0.2972744504193298, -0.043641725108966606, 0.3443115140045328, 0.06502385594209015, 0.053572094210760056, 0.07854391598463559, 0.30051293584103345, 0.1978356822730363, 0.15933842013175248, -0.29243327699866517, 0.04232918448010538, 0.07519786175293457] |
708.2467 | Non-Riemannian geometrical asymmetrical damping stresses on the Lagrange
instability of shear flows | It is shown that the physical interpretation of Elie Cartan three-dimensional
space torsion as couple asymmetric stress, has the effect of damping,
previously Riemannian unstable Couette planar shear flow, leading to stability
of the flow in the Lagrangean sense. Actually, since the flow speed is
inversely proportional to torsion, it has the effect of causing a damping in
the planar flow atenuating the instability effect. In this sense we may say
that Cartan torsion induces shear viscous asymmetric stresses in the fluid,
which are able to damp the instability of the flow. The stability of the flow
is computed from the sectional curvature in non-Riemannian three-dimensional
manifold. Marginal stability is asssumed by making the sectional non-Riemannian
curvature zero, which allows us to determine the speeds of flows able to induce
this stability. The ideas discussed here show that torsion plays the
geometrical role of magnetic field in hydromagnetic instability of Couette
flows recently investigated by Bonnano and Urpin (PRE, (2007,in press) can be
extended and applied to plastic flows with microstructure defects. Recently
Riemannian asymmetric stresses in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) have been
considered by Billig (2004).
| physics.flu-dyn physics.plasm-ph | it is shown that the physical interpretation of elie cartan threedimensional space torsion as couple asymmetric stress has the effect of damping previously riemannian unstable couette planar shear flow leading to stability of the flow in the lagrangean sense actually since the flow speed is inversely proportional to torsion it has the effect of causing a damping in the planar flow atenuating the instability effect in this sense we may say that cartan torsion induces shear viscous asymmetric stresses in the fluid which are able to damp the instability of the flow the stability of the flow is computed from the sectional curvature in nonriemannian threedimensional manifold marginal stability is asssumed by making the sectional nonriemannian curvature zero which allows us to determine the speeds of flows able to induce this stability the ideas discussed here show that torsion plays the geometrical role of magnetic field in hydromagnetic instability of couette flows recently investigated by bonnano and urpin pre 2007in press can be extended and applied to plastic flows with microstructure defects recently riemannian asymmetric stresses in magnetohydrodynamics mhd have been considered by billig 2004 | [['it', 'is', 'shown', 'that', 'the', 'physical', 'interpretation', 'of', 'elie', 'cartan', 'threedimensional', 'space', 'torsion', 'as', 'couple', 'asymmetric', 'stress', 'has', 'the', 'effect', 'of', 'damping', 'previously', 'riemannian', 'unstable', 'couette', 'planar', 'shear', 'flow', 'leading', 'to', 'stability', 'of', 'the', 'flow', 'in', 'the', 'lagrangean', 'sense', 'actually', 'since', 'the', 'flow', 'speed', 'is', 'inversely', 'proportional', 'to', 'torsion', 'it', 'has', 'the', 'effect', 'of', 'causing', 'a', 'damping', 'in', 'the', 'planar', 'flow', 'atenuating', 'the', 'instability', 'effect', 'in', 'this', 'sense', 'we', 'may', 'say', 'that', 'cartan', 'torsion', 'induces', 'shear', 'viscous', 'asymmetric', 'stresses', 'in', 'the', 'fluid', 'which', 'are', 'able', 'to', 'damp', 'the', 'instability', 'of', 'the', 'flow', 'the', 'stability', 'of', 'the', 'flow', 'is', 'computed', 'from', 'the', 'sectional', 'curvature', 'in', 'nonriemannian', 'threedimensional', 'manifold', 'marginal', 'stability', 'is', 'asssumed', 'by', 'making', 'the', 'sectional', 'nonriemannian', 'curvature', 'zero', 'which', 'allows', 'us', 'to', 'determine', 'the', 'speeds', 'of', 'flows', 'able', 'to', 'induce', 'this', 'stability', 'the', 'ideas', 'discussed', 'here', 'show', 'that', 'torsion', 'plays', 'the', 'geometrical', 'role', 'of', 'magnetic', 'field', 'in', 'hydromagnetic', 'instability', 'of', 'couette', 'flows', 'recently', 'investigated', 'by', 'bonnano', 'and', 'urpin', 'pre', '2007in', 'press', 'can', 'be', 'extended', 'and', 'applied', 'to', 'plastic', 'flows', 'with', 'microstructure', 'defects', 'recently', 'riemannian', 'asymmetric', 'stresses', 'in', 'magnetohydrodynamics', 'mhd', 'have', 'been', 'considered', 'by', 'billig', '2004']] | [-0.19144130148989924, 0.1765561976922707, -0.12776965572395982, 0.02444098946669623, -0.12309049093814868, -0.11154635417061812, -0.11096639879432886, 0.3120231534765419, -0.29913242245106, -0.2519091931358695, 0.0896109336942913, -0.20909933520192553, -0.17718608419322435, 0.15801051083442302, -0.09830816773510428, 0.06061161651312472, 0.01770331446268705, 0.03959713364800428, -0.021592053000726762, -0.22326621306050756, 0.34344273010872345, 0.09326325584327876, 0.3231369459861109, 0.056695209280197514, 0.10031469779182746, -0.09002318633876366, -0.010227411256988622, 0.1118413650626824, -0.20832036238084203, 0.030263337985659278, 0.21164619009525582, -0.01964152094325332, 0.22036228556050685, -0.4600578413849603, -0.27577976606703003, 0.07977141602766082, 0.126592619335487, 0.0883022138703219, -0.02373790907460218, -0.2443685494805556, 0.06677541859166998, -0.14622272558864102, -0.15890985254104661, -0.08864227921686359, 0.05392937864340821, -0.0210331898994286, -0.21890208268715017, 0.12993910783048532, 0.1113934531448898, 0.0452679600150392, -0.09434717179662366, -0.026693442050763017, -0.11768344538442416, 0.07666614355894025, 0.13633615368269592, 0.027830189399618926, 0.157890757501604, -0.10651248865422673, -0.07103126063323761, 0.39206727564480554, -0.06480920586901504, -0.27055071891602855, 0.150451074164444, -0.14478273217061627, -0.054929675862151486, 0.17553436251190704, 0.19962780451266793, 0.08971905956980018, -0.08826264710160357, 0.08324756417826713, -0.0260307196496502, 0.07026193693394685, 0.1299871863093612, -0.07910018825549736, 0.1937313583632671, 0.12482238035420133, 0.0755892352333719, 0.15747352417652083, -0.09290503812103477, -0.11079137591260106, -0.29555676713606666, -0.17203964311148265, -0.11399906923716066, 0.09809406579713735, -0.09148829029440521, -0.19187377348289222, 0.35469033133613165, 0.097608392101494, 0.13072328389278878, -0.016002811011520096, 0.26166249635530503, 0.06151755232501817, 0.08279605104988597, 0.14193630185727468, 0.37672902887827564, 0.2525997100197632, 0.13023751465260316, -0.25705990474931273, 0.042999273636924656, 0.10955800508232215] |
708.2468 | Categorical Foundations for Physics - I: Program at a Glance | Measures in the context of Category Theory lead to various relations, even
differential relations, of categories that are independent of the mathematical
structure forming objects of a category. Such relations, which are independent
of mathematical structure that we may represent a physical body or a system of
reference with, are, precisely, demanded to be the Laws of Physics by the
General Principle of Relativity. This framework leads to a theory for the
physical entirety.
| physics.gen-ph | measures in the context of category theory lead to various relations even differential relations of categories that are independent of the mathematical structure forming objects of a category such relations which are independent of mathematical structure that we may represent a physical body or a system of reference with are precisely demanded to be the laws of physics by the general principle of relativity this framework leads to a theory for the physical entirety | [['measures', 'in', 'the', 'context', 'of', 'category', 'theory', 'lead', 'to', 'various', 'relations', 'even', 'differential', 'relations', 'of', 'categories', 'that', 'are', 'independent', 'of', 'the', 'mathematical', 'structure', 'forming', 'objects', 'of', 'a', 'category', 'such', 'relations', 'which', 'are', 'independent', 'of', 'mathematical', 'structure', 'that', 'we', 'may', 'represent', 'a', 'physical', 'body', 'or', 'a', 'system', 'of', 'reference', 'with', 'are', 'precisely', 'demanded', 'to', 'be', 'the', 'laws', 'of', 'physics', 'by', 'the', 'general', 'principle', 'of', 'relativity', 'this', 'framework', 'leads', 'to', 'a', 'theory', 'for', 'the', 'physical', 'entirety']] | [-0.11534114528094998, 0.0885550353197834, -0.13865869157519695, 0.09777664499376221, -0.1019230359611479, -0.09386668623601263, 0.016973688932626532, 0.3102548511233181, -0.32133883031437527, -0.33077844144222707, 0.08719534701132844, -0.2339462736445303, -0.16434128279483096, 0.19477857516235295, -0.10410106571617762, 0.007774832520029835, 0.03593885604090787, 0.05754805220026724, -0.06912298824927593, -0.1853005744932169, 0.39970871860891377, 0.00895970328585119, 0.2512130886442154, -0.022454884287120926, 0.08930221335912072, -0.02796644581846792, -0.03817627273147573, 0.09615820762072061, -0.08929874870483291, 0.21383897873346466, 0.27656442067913106, 0.16047780604138687, 0.22111020593060735, -0.42826148847470413, -0.20510105321787903, 0.0594764938703864, 0.06566342135822098, 0.13042414676857408, -0.013463458203635103, -0.26797904298842157, 0.08646775553682567, -0.20351551835601395, -0.14842937444336712, -0.0644361784341871, 0.0555173804278712, 0.02978362315460234, -0.2514040420489461, 0.060514608133785626, 0.06677889501097033, 0.061762655304895865, -0.0773517236906431, -0.03275734230378844, -0.020132485357100598, 0.17459196956966677, 0.00974378692036545, -0.023670686056485046, 0.13470049447858254, -0.14249235074149091, -0.11456557309154321, 0.4456581132033387, 0.017294560511898552, -0.2596161244688807, 0.22547374578897614, -0.15574952255858965, -0.16387967502610204, 0.08277759247308446, 0.153633819792319, 0.09723125763451429, -0.18595736534366183, 0.09622270460995669, -0.0912276665755623, 0.1269459913082018, 0.04271388643521916, 0.10102237324069908, 0.2681945417630109, 0.14763355610036366, -0.008045977686305304, 0.0766254328930675, 0.007689211703207646, -0.12716709016948133, -0.3621139439401796, -0.16554669873486902, -0.08697178881816767, 0.04969972935253503, -0.0922882342081819, -0.18032930273487158, 0.3623398356517223, 0.13611026636381457, 0.17552949850623673, 0.0533864615702171, 0.21638388362889355, 0.12026903149042581, 0.07627675843399924, -0.005865430157329585, 0.24559905576972743, 0.17640150962963802, 0.05747351877240313, -0.10803273855079268, 0.07283791858149138, 0.08589069725240807] |
708.2469 | Extraordinary vacuum black string solutions | In addition to the boosted static solution there are two other classes of
stationary string-like solutions of the vacuum Einstein equation in
(4+1)-dimensions. Each class is characterized by three parameters of mass,
tension, and momentum flow along the fifth coordinate. We analyze the metric
properties of one of the two classes, which was previously assumed to be naked
singular, and show that the solution spectrum contains black string and
wormhole in addition to the known naked singularity as the momentum flow to
mass ratio increases. Interestingly, there does not exist new zero momentum
solution in these cases.
| gr-qc hep-th | in addition to the boosted static solution there are two other classes of stationary stringlike solutions of the vacuum einstein equation in 41dimensions each class is characterized by three parameters of mass tension and momentum flow along the fifth coordinate we analyze the metric properties of one of the two classes which was previously assumed to be naked singular and show that the solution spectrum contains black string and wormhole in addition to the known naked singularity as the momentum flow to mass ratio increases interestingly there does not exist new zero momentum solution in these cases | [['in', 'addition', 'to', 'the', 'boosted', 'static', 'solution', 'there', 'are', 'two', 'other', 'classes', 'of', 'stationary', 'stringlike', 'solutions', 'of', 'the', 'vacuum', 'einstein', 'equation', 'in', '41dimensions', 'each', 'class', 'is', 'characterized', 'by', 'three', 'parameters', 'of', 'mass', 'tension', 'and', 'momentum', 'flow', 'along', 'the', 'fifth', 'coordinate', 'we', 'analyze', 'the', 'metric', 'properties', 'of', 'one', 'of', 'the', 'two', 'classes', 'which', 'was', 'previously', 'assumed', 'to', 'be', 'naked', 'singular', 'and', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'solution', 'spectrum', 'contains', 'black', 'string', 'and', 'wormhole', 'in', 'addition', 'to', 'the', 'known', 'naked', 'singularity', 'as', 'the', 'momentum', 'flow', 'to', 'mass', 'ratio', 'increases', 'interestingly', 'there', 'does', 'not', 'exist', 'new', 'zero', 'momentum', 'solution', 'in', 'these', 'cases']] | [-0.17300483681376755, 0.09673118605650481, -0.06419263249647218, 0.08286502803363789, -0.07659467530542428, -0.17642800043308243, -0.042295314978865774, 0.32852909692860754, -0.23705943467421936, -0.27787134646601286, 0.08536027069683619, -0.31899545084416253, -0.08111289412397699, 0.16473428386541986, -0.04709120114938807, 0.049470327631330364, 0.018297789385542274, 0.08272887750999215, -0.08977294980893968, -0.21655528781186675, 0.42632437962078557, -0.0110762261391915, 0.2686973938468805, 0.03881697193479415, 0.09743914806245606, -0.05929068947383731, -0.0038668510501666626, 0.09456078423387489, -0.15157163696468282, -0.0011728129052009778, 0.20314953235678912, 0.11219585502577811, 0.19150327307594575, -0.35468456389132846, -0.1952775181319142, 0.13861701364950613, 0.1776976110317658, 0.12827227005768643, -0.05425142960565299, -0.22622005696187622, 0.09318350541607007, -0.17137241139815948, -0.19475374347290275, -0.051411091878088476, 0.04530030925345329, 0.00796815287321806, -0.1962727333668658, 0.1082362344574913, 0.04996037858624741, -0.07271014923018586, -0.14174632956609898, -0.07301011979675938, -0.07659043183012568, 0.09999195718657725, 0.16113566976645483, 0.03380256689264026, 0.10891491436812374, -0.15007303541582606, -0.07897035664273906, 0.3528762344947834, -0.0721979856241456, -0.2556958941973208, 0.19057018661237868, -0.17810915551897252, -0.10222158020934734, 0.15753135659501494, 0.11410776171929289, 0.16471603969784127, -0.16025240630986765, 0.09087880216742933, -0.023790240710236363, 0.15537321239172183, 0.15317330784500413, 0.03956972618980967, 0.24064575777072267, 0.07503166893107358, 0.06690153947517698, 0.12352473772618171, -0.06124473114008295, -0.14006154133563803, -0.3262875592432071, -0.1518436702467578, -0.1463187750292097, 0.0661647676002083, -0.12680015889114638, -0.20221439363991783, 0.36826753897650033, 0.08106522196327749, 0.19932689039593504, -0.010493260931905321, 0.23739168144877731, 0.08452723718598754, 0.08307481363185287, 0.12892619253030604, 0.33497355512038657, 0.08094208711066965, 0.12687621896452816, -0.20313936709030292, -0.02254780866301705, 0.09697368943622124] |
708.247 | Nanopillar Arrays on Semiconductor Membranes as Electron Emission
Amplifiers | A new transmission-type electron multiplier was fabricated from
silicon-on-insulator (SOI) material by integrating an array of one dimensional
(1D) silicon nanopillars onto a two dimensional (2D) silicon membrane. Primary
electrons are injected into the nanopillar-membrane system from the flat
surface of the membrane, while electron emission from the other side is probed
by an anode. The secondary electron yield (SEY) from nanopillars is found to be
about 1.8 times that of plane silicon membrane. This gain in electron number is
slightly enhanced by the electric field applied from the anode. Further
optimization of the dimensions of nanopillars and membrane and application of
field emission promise an even higher gain for detector applications and allow
for probing of electronic/mechanical excitations in nanopillar-membrane system
excited by incident particles or radiation.
| cond-mat.mes-hall | a new transmissiontype electron multiplier was fabricated from silicononinsulator soi material by integrating an array of one dimensional 1d silicon nanopillars onto a two dimensional 2d silicon membrane primary electrons are injected into the nanopillarmembrane system from the flat surface of the membrane while electron emission from the other side is probed by an anode the secondary electron yield sey from nanopillars is found to be about 18 times that of plane silicon membrane this gain in electron number is slightly enhanced by the electric field applied from the anode further optimization of the dimensions of nanopillars and membrane and application of field emission promise an even higher gain for detector applications and allow for probing of electronicmechanical excitations in nanopillarmembrane system excited by incident particles or radiation | [['a', 'new', 'transmissiontype', 'electron', 'multiplier', 'was', 'fabricated', 'from', 'silicononinsulator', 'soi', 'material', 'by', 'integrating', 'an', 'array', 'of', 'one', 'dimensional', '1d', 'silicon', 'nanopillars', 'onto', 'a', 'two', 'dimensional', '2d', 'silicon', 'membrane', 'primary', 'electrons', 'are', 'injected', 'into', 'the', 'nanopillarmembrane', 'system', 'from', 'the', 'flat', 'surface', 'of', 'the', 'membrane', 'while', 'electron', 'emission', 'from', 'the', 'other', 'side', 'is', 'probed', 'by', 'an', 'anode', 'the', 'secondary', 'electron', 'yield', 'sey', 'from', 'nanopillars', 'is', 'found', 'to', 'be', 'about', '18', 'times', 'that', 'of', 'plane', 'silicon', 'membrane', 'this', 'gain', 'in', 'electron', 'number', 'is', 'slightly', 'enhanced', 'by', 'the', 'electric', 'field', 'applied', 'from', 'the', 'anode', 'further', 'optimization', 'of', 'the', 'dimensions', 'of', 'nanopillars', 'and', 'membrane', 'and', 'application', 'of', 'field', 'emission', 'promise', 'an', 'even', 'higher', 'gain', 'for', 'detector', 'applications', 'and', 'allow', 'for', 'probing', 'of', 'electronicmechanical', 'excitations', 'in', 'nanopillarmembrane', 'system', 'excited', 'by', 'incident', 'particles', 'or', 'radiation']] | [-0.06305448773503304, 0.18233929824025835, -0.0004094996005296707, -0.0631092965286225, 0.03171214116364717, -0.2159511765241623, -0.03190740760695189, 0.4219800651073456, -0.22572600009292365, -0.31414902523439375, 0.044236581271514294, -0.31131921014562247, -0.06226374494470656, 0.2509287417754531, -0.008412785034626722, 0.015735987447202206, 0.022386941161006688, -0.06406225542165339, -0.03771909150108695, -0.17165467151254415, 0.27697247141972187, 0.10799042571522295, 0.312846991725266, 0.07242485137283802, 0.11122283825650811, 0.01089739928394556, 0.07203757397830486, 0.028916960701346396, -0.07351601101114648, 0.12541274002939462, 0.2162154897749424, -0.0330118113886565, 0.17176129320263864, -0.5238260884135961, -0.23233168429508805, -0.02317963220179081, 0.16096048374474048, 0.10363543576560914, -0.11553998703882098, -0.26710760755836965, 0.04576273761689663, -0.15213067577034234, -0.11482715457305312, 0.05901717628911138, -0.018813901429995894, 0.007903077058028429, -0.2506773934736848, 0.029695145230740308, 0.054708915328606965, 0.028533843611367047, -0.08359790129866451, -0.11093184171803296, -0.08442948433756828, 0.05913039625249803, 0.02776307406462729, 0.047680837102234364, 0.2743042231835425, -0.10511063223297241, -0.09232151720300316, 0.33133773869276045, -0.043299032315611836, -0.1505199005305767, 0.16558831173181535, -0.19648988907039167, 0.037230496793985365, 0.2635562217067927, 0.1624849645816721, 0.08084421912953257, -0.18409854731708766, 0.06779276483366266, 0.02632621843367815, 0.21375238275527955, 0.1420942188091576, 0.03022132619842887, 0.30710748488688844, 0.22453450042568146, 0.08100228824466467, 0.1661162434737198, -0.16205024501681328, 0.031318326476961374, -0.20474739573150874, -0.20993466282822193, -0.18155875775683672, 0.10587166596762836, -0.08846994825045112, -0.14059456380829216, 0.4072741190120578, 0.08515358537714929, 0.12385022269189358, -0.07686613558977842, 0.2995338891632855, 0.09115500474348665, 0.10532775124907494, 0.0022220902554690837, 0.26350386332254855, 0.19046195086464285, 0.09532749434001744, -0.21871159266866744, -0.027448083356022834, -0.00011421789601445199] |
708.2471 | Noncommutative Induced Gauge Theories on Moyal Spaces | Noncommutative field theories on Moyal spaces can be conveniently handled
within a framework of noncommutative geometry. Several renormalisable matter
field theories that are now identified are briefly reviewed. The construction
of renormalisable gauge theories on these noncommutative Moyal spaces, which
remains so far a challenging problem, is then closely examined. The computation
in 4-D of the one-loop effective gauge theory generated from the integration
over a scalar field appearing in a renormalisable theory minimally coupled to
an external gauge potential is presented. The gauge invariant effective action
is found to involve, beyond the expected noncommutative version of the pure
Yang-Mills action, additional terms that may be interpreted as the gauge theory
counterpart of the harmonic term, which for the noncommutative $\phi^4$-theory
on Moyal space ensures renormalisability. A class of possible candidates for
renormalisable gauge theory actions defined on Moyal space is presented and
discussed.
| hep-th math-ph math.MP | noncommutative field theories on moyal spaces can be conveniently handled within a framework of noncommutative geometry several renormalisable matter field theories that are now identified are briefly reviewed the construction of renormalisable gauge theories on these noncommutative moyal spaces which remains so far a challenging problem is then closely examined the computation in 4d of the oneloop effective gauge theory generated from the integration over a scalar field appearing in a renormalisable theory minimally coupled to an external gauge potential is presented the gauge invariant effective action is found to involve beyond the expected noncommutative version of the pure yangmills action additional terms that may be interpreted as the gauge theory counterpart of the harmonic term which for the noncommutative phi4theory on moyal space ensures renormalisability a class of possible candidates for renormalisable gauge theory actions defined on moyal space is presented and discussed | [['noncommutative', 'field', 'theories', 'on', 'moyal', 'spaces', 'can', 'be', 'conveniently', 'handled', 'within', 'a', 'framework', 'of', 'noncommutative', 'geometry', 'several', 'renormalisable', 'matter', 'field', 'theories', 'that', 'are', 'now', 'identified', 'are', 'briefly', 'reviewed', 'the', 'construction', 'of', 'renormalisable', 'gauge', 'theories', 'on', 'these', 'noncommutative', 'moyal', 'spaces', 'which', 'remains', 'so', 'far', 'a', 'challenging', 'problem', 'is', 'then', 'closely', 'examined', 'the', 'computation', 'in', '4d', 'of', 'the', 'oneloop', 'effective', 'gauge', 'theory', 'generated', 'from', 'the', 'integration', 'over', 'a', 'scalar', 'field', 'appearing', 'in', 'a', 'renormalisable', 'theory', 'minimally', 'coupled', 'to', 'an', 'external', 'gauge', 'potential', 'is', 'presented', 'the', 'gauge', 'invariant', 'effective', 'action', 'is', 'found', 'to', 'involve', 'beyond', 'the', 'expected', 'noncommutative', 'version', 'of', 'the', 'pure', 'yangmills', 'action', 'additional', 'terms', 'that', 'may', 'be', 'interpreted', 'as', 'the', 'gauge', 'theory', 'counterpart', 'of', 'the', 'harmonic', 'term', 'which', 'for', 'the', 'noncommutative', 'phi4theory', 'on', 'moyal', 'space', 'ensures', 'renormalisability', 'a', 'class', 'of', 'possible', 'candidates', 'for', 'renormalisable', 'gauge', 'theory', 'actions', 'defined', 'on', 'moyal', 'space', 'is', 'presented', 'and', 'discussed']] | [-0.14553012195069137, 0.2031658282415568, -0.07269536123759382, 0.16627805634440543, -0.1030760488324126, -0.14611327390432255, -0.05352930697457244, 0.3150613434004804, -0.22051835269667208, -0.2616103206463676, 0.08725274969603763, -0.20432554414987358, -0.20398465159168053, 0.15434960678168055, -0.08792204366970206, 0.010428082472774096, -0.036332884109773055, 0.11563487167909949, -0.1133650786024292, -0.3099124318234519, 0.3607179001361753, 0.0339984835526492, 0.22297767422666462, 0.03469260776465591, 0.12883975275973272, 0.04353191096258039, -0.06841096002285162, 0.032822440911533905, -0.08346045489583452, 0.11549435169096493, 0.23250788015623888, 0.0633036797225941, 0.16480800391824837, -0.38414348504092133, -0.24727281003833923, 0.0670353369269934, 0.14847247541830358, 0.0964958637438637, -0.030605553115795676, -0.3365417857033511, 0.003918962760104073, -0.20390501291775662, -0.1437687261608921, -0.12207015528434163, -0.01838903579320888, -0.11813752569853225, -0.24879802139993343, 0.013316037769982358, -0.030550385653946757, 0.06033757519778899, -0.05581851861966748, -0.06790250554331578, -0.04450430068148611, 0.027338280735420994, 0.09494048778409099, 0.13231376080430993, 0.1567978946356258, -0.15696761744523732, -0.16327660227559843, 0.4365657125211631, -0.08838910560977335, -0.2782995252766543, 0.13497286600906794, -0.11071733201323594, -0.18161988294903292, 0.06987497691685955, 0.09170539673585962, 0.17815257494415468, -0.15042694486005026, 0.27530640847423155, -0.04079823680674761, 0.1021879493103673, 0.0695168802841282, 0.07152270360287123, 0.2640159704735399, 0.07901299379106301, 0.03813530168877656, 0.1022486537452399, 0.05265039927649519, -0.23664109830173807, -0.4427027295007267, -0.11760118821843611, -0.13413835616342518, 0.10255139617139422, -0.09981361367833112, -0.19581057715954053, 0.351000202725926, 0.14682918511809678, 0.0721167002662292, 0.020313524419584103, 0.20775062286864138, 0.1348703569193377, 0.11371145418120755, -0.016801082106313616, 0.2519863268890832, 0.22116644357124138, 0.03775459909795447, -0.15991094078021384, -0.1345708766522067, 0.19905272755648992] |
708.2472 | Spectral Hardening of Large Solar Flares | RHESSI observations are used to quantitatively study the hard X-ray evolution
in 5 large solar flares selected for spectral hardening in the course of the
event. The X-ray bremsstrahlung emission from non-thermal electrons is
characterized by two spectroscopically distinct phases: impulsive and gradual.
The impulsive phase usually consists of several emission spikes following a
soft-hard-soft spectral pattern, whereas the gradual stage manifests itself as
spectral hardening while the flux slowly decreases. Both the soft-hard-soft
(impulsive) phase and the hardening (gradual) phase are well described by
piecewise linear dependence of the photon spectral index on the logarithm of
the hard X-ray flux. The different linear parts of this relation correspond to
different rise and decay phases of emission spikes. The temporal evolution of
the spectra is compared with the configuration and motion of the hard X-ray
sources in RHESSI images. These observations reveal that the two stages of
electron acceleration causing these two different behaviors are closely related
in space and time. The transition between the impulsive and gradual phase is
found to be smooth and progressive rather than abrupt. This suggests that they
arise because of a slow change in a common accelerator rather than being caused
by two independent and distinct acceleration processes. We propose that the
hardening during the decay phase is caused by continuing particle acceleration
with longer trapping in the accelerator before escape.
| astro-ph | rhessi observations are used to quantitatively study the hard xray evolution in 5 large solar flares selected for spectral hardening in the course of the event the xray bremsstrahlung emission from nonthermal electrons is characterized by two spectroscopically distinct phases impulsive and gradual the impulsive phase usually consists of several emission spikes following a softhardsoft spectral pattern whereas the gradual stage manifests itself as spectral hardening while the flux slowly decreases both the softhardsoft impulsive phase and the hardening gradual phase are well described by piecewise linear dependence of the photon spectral index on the logarithm of the hard xray flux the different linear parts of this relation correspond to different rise and decay phases of emission spikes the temporal evolution of the spectra is compared with the configuration and motion of the hard xray sources in rhessi images these observations reveal that the two stages of electron acceleration causing these two different behaviors are closely related in space and time the transition between the impulsive and gradual phase is found to be smooth and progressive rather than abrupt this suggests that they arise because of a slow change in a common accelerator rather than being caused by two independent and distinct acceleration processes we propose that the hardening during the decay phase is caused by continuing particle acceleration with longer trapping in the accelerator before escape | [['rhessi', 'observations', 'are', 'used', 'to', 'quantitatively', 'study', 'the', 'hard', 'xray', 'evolution', 'in', '5', 'large', 'solar', 'flares', 'selected', 'for', 'spectral', 'hardening', 'in', 'the', 'course', 'of', 'the', 'event', 'the', 'xray', 'bremsstrahlung', 'emission', 'from', 'nonthermal', 'electrons', 'is', 'characterized', 'by', 'two', 'spectroscopically', 'distinct', 'phases', 'impulsive', 'and', 'gradual', 'the', 'impulsive', 'phase', 'usually', 'consists', 'of', 'several', 'emission', 'spikes', 'following', 'a', 'softhardsoft', 'spectral', 'pattern', 'whereas', 'the', 'gradual', 'stage', 'manifests', 'itself', 'as', 'spectral', 'hardening', 'while', 'the', 'flux', 'slowly', 'decreases', 'both', 'the', 'softhardsoft', 'impulsive', 'phase', 'and', 'the', 'hardening', 'gradual', 'phase', 'are', 'well', 'described', 'by', 'piecewise', 'linear', 'dependence', 'of', 'the', 'photon', 'spectral', 'index', 'on', 'the', 'logarithm', 'of', 'the', 'hard', 'xray', 'flux', 'the', 'different', 'linear', 'parts', 'of', 'this', 'relation', 'correspond', 'to', 'different', 'rise', 'and', 'decay', 'phases', 'of', 'emission', 'spikes', 'the', 'temporal', 'evolution', 'of', 'the', 'spectra', 'is', 'compared', 'with', 'the', 'configuration', 'and', 'motion', 'of', 'the', 'hard', 'xray', 'sources', 'in', 'rhessi', 'images', 'these', 'observations', 'reveal', 'that', 'the', 'two', 'stages', 'of', 'electron', 'acceleration', 'causing', 'these', 'two', 'different', 'behaviors', 'are', 'closely', 'related', 'in', 'space', 'and', 'time', 'the', 'transition', 'between', 'the', 'impulsive', 'and', 'gradual', 'phase', 'is', 'found', 'to', 'be', 'smooth', 'and', 'progressive', 'rather', 'than', 'abrupt', 'this', 'suggests', 'that', 'they', 'arise', 'because', 'of', 'a', 'slow', 'change', 'in', 'a', 'common', 'accelerator', 'rather', 'than', 'being', 'caused', 'by', 'two', 'independent', 'and', 'distinct', 'acceleration', 'processes', 'we', 'propose', 'that', 'the', 'hardening', 'during', 'the', 'decay', 'phase', 'is', 'caused', 'by', 'continuing', 'particle', 'acceleration', 'with', 'longer', 'trapping', 'in', 'the', 'accelerator', 'before', 'escape']] | [-0.0935391512399925, 0.24691436572989145, -0.06658069892023076, 0.10628696522082608, -0.03518390430687283, -0.10407624365290061, 0.001041852159318945, 0.42945430529537704, -0.2633513306341409, -0.3461449335817461, 0.08264129591740602, -0.28644640329765725, -0.10164016026732746, 0.184487049675563, -0.0190802461504608, 0.00020885371319982448, 0.04582200476249458, -0.04600949084185195, -0.07334164967288628, -0.15504443537738632, 0.30754304696941165, 0.09191799435009647, 0.24959722055852546, -0.006530019094385945, 0.05502506519415486, -0.02611124685592129, -0.05904052249850328, 0.005202509786309018, -0.04952366467888261, 0.020364425190219797, 0.2141135539469773, 0.08707501540200385, 0.20715396073831466, -0.43100892077918096, -0.2525467287527504, 0.07516887542378313, 0.15541263059446267, 0.0021526268276945986, -0.026637717705816934, -0.23737442751296095, 0.0025586263247917404, -0.13432167311268756, -0.10222040129454174, 0.03541559963753767, 0.020250840397194717, 0.05344425022703624, -0.21391483800617017, 0.14886496031845586, 0.08213218063370444, 0.03777413694844438, -0.12021845047996023, -0.030176668218644707, -0.017999745418198636, 0.08197054424269806, 0.11324539917750932, 0.01244230400965783, 0.1462703572056925, -0.0885947533874949, -0.11298144303184282, 0.35661442470347043, -0.03976517175552476, -0.006964487663679448, 0.22336431153145278, -0.19432317595203236, -0.12053276648532624, 0.2846400191236107, 0.11997964897547903, 0.08243918723410348, -0.12701250429548291, -0.03150110835583736, 0.08941585088091275, 0.19761998625113197, 0.08089984853706828, 0.04107204713399157, 0.24354065348299853, 0.1292014617600072, -0.0025707900745687504, 0.1817610944607931, -0.1654075521551122, -0.09035811689579737, -0.28654347739842956, -0.09091251532881549, -0.14586178449265627, 0.050987694535552144, -0.09625870908486414, -0.1754406947775391, 0.4393823920966573, 0.06812582609432417, 0.24826893407547854, -0.01789651408643843, 0.2888837250150609, 0.1585633164791735, 0.032030883817502714, 0.07588956822407338, 0.2856959058197486, 0.09794129377399215, 0.16022379071111195, -0.2677000858820975, 0.09140510908594675, 0.021143899881793802] |
708.2473 | Radio-frequency point-contact electrometer | We fabricate and characterize a radio-frequency semiconductor point-contact
electrometer (RF-PC) analogous to radio-frequency single-electron transistors
[RF-SETs, see Science {\bf 280}, 1238 (1998)]. The point contact is formed by
surface Schottky gates in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in an
AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure. In the present setup, the PC is operating as a
simple voltage-controlled resistor rather than a quantum point contact (QPC)
and demonstrates a charge-sensitivity about $2\times 10^{-1}
\mathrm{e/\sqrt{Hz}}$ at a bandwidth of $30 \mathrm{kHz}$ without the use of a
cryogenic RF preamplifier. Since the impedance of a typical point-contact
device is much lower than the impedance of the typical SET, a
semiconductor-based RF-PC, equipped with practical cryogenic RF preamplifiers,
could realize an ultra-fast and ultra-sensitive electrometer.
| cond-mat.mes-hall | we fabricate and characterize a radiofrequency semiconductor pointcontact electrometer rfpc analogous to radiofrequency singleelectron transistors rfsets see science bf 280 1238 1998 the point contact is formed by surface schottky gates in a twodimensional electron gas 2deg in an algaasgaas heterostructure in the present setup the pc is operating as a simple voltagecontrolled resistor rather than a quantum point contact qpc and demonstrates a chargesensitivity about 2times 101 mathrmesqrthz at a bandwidth of 30 mathrmkhz without the use of a cryogenic rf preamplifier since the impedance of a typical pointcontact device is much lower than the impedance of the typical set a semiconductorbased rfpc equipped with practical cryogenic rf preamplifiers could realize an ultrafast and ultrasensitive electrometer | [['we', 'fabricate', 'and', 'characterize', 'a', 'radiofrequency', 'semiconductor', 'pointcontact', 'electrometer', 'rfpc', 'analogous', 'to', 'radiofrequency', 'singleelectron', 'transistors', 'rfsets', 'see', 'science', 'bf', '280', '1238', '1998', 'the', 'point', 'contact', 'is', 'formed', 'by', 'surface', 'schottky', 'gates', 'in', 'a', 'twodimensional', 'electron', 'gas', '2deg', 'in', 'an', 'algaasgaas', 'heterostructure', 'in', 'the', 'present', 'setup', 'the', 'pc', 'is', 'operating', 'as', 'a', 'simple', 'voltagecontrolled', 'resistor', 'rather', 'than', 'a', 'quantum', 'point', 'contact', 'qpc', 'and', 'demonstrates', 'a', 'chargesensitivity', 'about', '2times', '101', 'mathrmesqrthz', 'at', 'a', 'bandwidth', 'of', '30', 'mathrmkhz', 'without', 'the', 'use', 'of', 'a', 'cryogenic', 'rf', 'preamplifier', 'since', 'the', 'impedance', 'of', 'a', 'typical', 'pointcontact', 'device', 'is', 'much', 'lower', 'than', 'the', 'impedance', 'of', 'the', 'typical', 'set', 'a', 'semiconductorbased', 'rfpc', 'equipped', 'with', 'practical', 'cryogenic', 'rf', 'preamplifiers', 'could', 'realize', 'an', 'ultrafast', 'and', 'ultrasensitive', 'electrometer']] | [-0.20817253350781226, 0.1413403819587984, -0.007227995950545717, -0.060343769128459304, -0.03549325732871823, -0.2805946090832419, 0.09403032681023303, 0.4135262376429247, -0.1507309584615411, -0.31540805040692377, 0.0011720488039697688, -0.2918238268716128, -0.09879670970258303, 0.32496971782010015, -0.05727842698485931, 0.04946340408891307, -0.029835089277185034, -0.045994639197098355, -0.10253011597628106, -0.13623316770411162, 0.18354547444531427, 0.10482152619988483, 0.3103014873673341, 0.06511279630441484, 0.14535657595843077, -0.04346713596273081, 0.10232643645888727, -0.03910452289606577, -0.10372697603140425, 0.04218442922345795, 0.3128260425333532, -0.10838124261603557, 0.22336822309132134, -0.47948778487209764, -0.19877576157783292, -0.006210645488213881, 0.06720296099904642, 0.0904666171326036, -0.07944204709617354, -0.2620082272416247, 0.09888174226008621, -0.20330588092162674, -0.08500938840526422, 0.03823389669248302, -0.027503447245440578, -0.003943225019611418, -0.23619011618263488, -0.026861361543914036, 0.03030128995513743, 0.11914519934881744, 0.022212373804775, -0.07105684159822497, 0.061567411369261596, 0.008582895700653483, -0.19445576431254658, 0.0507283244244588, 0.286519038867222, -0.09009213602361602, -0.10815360633257244, 0.33145841042278334, -0.03446673485164605, -0.08339871104025016, 0.18370337867028347, -0.16678307956941094, 0.03436850918556696, 0.13989748579582997, 0.11828291366275932, 0.0686790121212003, -0.2264114907811745, 0.07810165612162175, 0.006581361195588086, 0.2043815037910203, 0.12883842575164245, 0.0659752449428197, 0.2413185012327241, 0.2494140028970183, 0.10631037036156547, 0.17196034394354293, -0.1807511980545574, 0.035626402338883575, -0.23311986963173176, -0.21095525708681503, -0.2326525044419603, 0.18930623449185596, -0.03477762056159658, -0.18389665993579132, 0.406085843677699, 0.1289366493084734, 0.15940251993846946, -0.054342544814322276, 0.3543546731650297, 0.10270442209743383, 0.10147880579877112, 0.003953525800690321, 0.20605485328893078, 0.21209045574609522, 0.14416645311783732, -0.22519135252722272, -0.01713296166521364, -0.06497263218313622] |
708.2474 | Tame Functions with strongly isolated singularities at infinity: a tame
version of a Parusinski's Theorem | Let f be a definable function, enough differentiable. Under the condition of
having strongly isolated singularities at infinity at a regular value c we give
a sufficient condition expressed in terms of the total absolute curvature
function to ensure the local triviality of the function f over a neighbourhood
of c and doing so providing the tame version of Parusinski's Theorem on complex
polynomials with isolated singularities at infinity.
| math.LO math.AG | let f be a definable function enough differentiable under the condition of having strongly isolated singularities at infinity at a regular value c we give a sufficient condition expressed in terms of the total absolute curvature function to ensure the local triviality of the function f over a neighbourhood of c and doing so providing the tame version of parusinskis theorem on complex polynomials with isolated singularities at infinity | [['let', 'f', 'be', 'a', 'definable', 'function', 'enough', 'differentiable', 'under', 'the', 'condition', 'of', 'having', 'strongly', 'isolated', 'singularities', 'at', 'infinity', 'at', 'a', 'regular', 'value', 'c', 'we', 'give', 'a', 'sufficient', 'condition', 'expressed', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'the', 'total', 'absolute', 'curvature', 'function', 'to', 'ensure', 'the', 'local', 'triviality', 'of', 'the', 'function', 'f', 'over', 'a', 'neighbourhood', 'of', 'c', 'and', 'doing', 'so', 'providing', 'the', 'tame', 'version', 'of', 'parusinskis', 'theorem', 'on', 'complex', 'polynomials', 'with', 'isolated', 'singularities', 'at', 'infinity']] | [-0.19675878135432653, 0.039490897756289035, -0.12160491023678333, 0.06592668825075687, -0.06092809003723018, -0.1514710686443483, 0.028648700421292556, 0.29764441407614334, -0.2749228306142065, -0.23950525942970724, 0.07626859562108568, -0.23657289881649537, -0.07956782197716701, 0.14200361308586948, -0.071032251121805, 0.004595737685175503, 0.041535413098138046, 0.1419933372286751, -0.10949339704615448, -0.2887207392110106, 0.3546030837066663, -0.01993534146972439, 0.17087636164882603, 0.10910973867302186, 0.13849904108278946, 0.03262261910062721, 0.03943556445130311, 0.040513557036105985, -0.20175092187984026, 0.04710800665677251, 0.25006828054457025, 0.11908759751617361, 0.3165967055760762, -0.3758164046003538, -0.12346407548551831, 0.24046181046458728, 0.12006191408727318, -0.03180245334720787, 0.034173183788559124, -0.23757476545185507, 0.18048318645999054, -0.07768849109861013, -0.27787091974716854, -0.039856797344434786, 0.022584417533567724, 0.058974491651443875, -0.2949825592119904, 0.03923369620871894, 0.09414679177708048, 0.14932869847261293, -0.03362789268687587, -0.051703145097502894, -0.0868122127961696, 0.03821381604682435, -0.003052804509506506, 0.11802753260331776, 0.12239884392029661, -0.09776504024151056, 0.0012618788682362612, 0.31591590600745645, -0.11663957359269261, -0.25916933320695534, 0.16618121714974918, -0.2019755769356647, -0.1068003505043795, 0.14289327635539367, 0.0871509476838743, 0.1835020929301048, -0.046719026149195785, 0.20427369115007904, -0.04860028769026565, 0.0761954014956513, 0.14625206640373697, 0.05646048728479346, 0.18580815228222705, 0.025516447494737804, 0.14695543550667078, 0.13769909174366415, 0.03461283660726622, 0.0050172734635827295, -0.4368885698289994, -0.13954455522573828, -0.15487546429572188, 0.15018451901371865, -0.11283912707564442, -0.2535028410527636, 0.3960843431379865, 0.015877875160453293, 0.22178660144152887, 0.1549914923756767, 0.22395692467141678, 0.15977878665452247, 0.0730973112376352, 0.07781810292234535, 0.12244121922070489, 0.1677273335174986, 0.048510268328862044, -0.14047449435490897, 0.08334405886639348, 0.15106105329879724] |
708.2475 | Descent for quasi-coherent sheaves on stacks | We give a homotopy theoretic characterization of sheaves on a stack and, more
generally, a presheaf of groupoids on an arbitary small site C. We use this to
prove homotopy invariance and generalized descent statements for categories of
sheaves and quasi-coherent sheaves. As a corollary we obtain an alternate proof
of a generalized change of rings theorem of Hovey.
| math.AT math.AG | we give a homotopy theoretic characterization of sheaves on a stack and more generally a presheaf of groupoids on an arbitary small site c we use this to prove homotopy invariance and generalized descent statements for categories of sheaves and quasicoherent sheaves as a corollary we obtain an alternate proof of a generalized change of rings theorem of hovey | [['we', 'give', 'a', 'homotopy', 'theoretic', 'characterization', 'of', 'sheaves', 'on', 'a', 'stack', 'and', 'more', 'generally', 'a', 'presheaf', 'of', 'groupoids', 'on', 'an', 'arbitary', 'small', 'site', 'c', 'we', 'use', 'this', 'to', 'prove', 'homotopy', 'invariance', 'and', 'generalized', 'descent', 'statements', 'for', 'categories', 'of', 'sheaves', 'and', 'quasicoherent', 'sheaves', 'as', 'a', 'corollary', 'we', 'obtain', 'an', 'alternate', 'proof', 'of', 'a', 'generalized', 'change', 'of', 'rings', 'theorem', 'of', 'hovey']] | [-0.1772809299715337, 1.890212741396311e-05, -0.15062864287361755, 0.1569278165441543, -0.0911761814949371, -0.1622907562512841, 0.048608799725455246, 0.36090532605046943, -0.39994690693536045, -0.17024041516548497, 0.08290385661678294, -0.16345695279128217, -0.11809938808240122, 0.20296899197717844, -0.26894303415980886, -0.1163632275726078, 0.05957281232764155, 0.07248977183411687, -0.07312909041933904, -0.25809541164692174, 0.43480692873314275, -0.01528921946330722, 0.270936009590144, 0.1080326000702078, 0.14205724049864685, 0.053699476186628056, -0.012812347735388804, -0.021274874302542816, -0.1866536908072688, 0.19318391412488675, 0.3164276298751139, 0.06579527435271795, 0.19830429790762522, -0.404928265928717, -0.053287963126391426, 0.13653842926467374, 0.10910865683029643, 0.09161458233513443, -0.012311137359543957, -0.314689929991708, 0.11294577865056314, -0.23650266997263594, -0.11848181747373636, -0.11268920138857122, 0.06785508248386747, 0.06436987893687467, -0.23234317897645346, -0.06933509979902183, 0.12488840703489416, 0.20348893555859893, -0.12500212036894034, -0.03072624764073703, -0.06393250786715139, 0.03457239953114383, -0.0554472591601691, 0.01681770190154597, 0.136193910053284, -0.06748673414132732, -0.17013324563533572, 0.34971898538455115, -0.08236801367395132, -0.21169523837960372, 0.1262723793733423, -0.03810221179964621, -0.19071389861026053, 0.08934927157962978, 0.02262736334449659, 0.24429774821057157, 0.025233433502963035, 0.12748760687112334, -0.19100230037218938, 0.10104945350943481, 0.12912725852960247, 0.06202422949027712, 0.08862086344447176, 0.1350450675571495, 0.14086545433975378, 0.13537903168728038, 0.009781223390314538, -0.015882017059346377, -0.3948131456213482, -0.25073939770207565, -0.05164116308471914, 0.2316005753700511, -0.10105868836917117, -0.26558045561472743, 0.393338899491197, 0.08007612206452226, 0.19601123287516126, 0.2214131978956067, 0.2304945769295554, 0.03168640506524845, 0.003502199507192156, -0.030366546379686412, 0.11612707139703177, 0.2885520212604838, -0.019906619137500303, 0.017820901537345626, -0.03634683839913647, 0.3035951419654539] |
708.2476 | Origin of ferromagnetism in (Zn,Co)O from magnetization and
spin-dependent magnetoresistance | In order to elucidate the nature of ferromagnetic signatures observed in
(Zn,Co)O we have examined experimentally and theoretically magnetic properties
and spin-dependent quantum localization effects that control low-temperature
magnetoresistance. Our findings, together with a through structural
characterization, substantiate the model assigning spontaneous magnetization of
(Zn,Co)O to uncompensated spins at the surface of antiferromagnetic nanocrystal
of Co-rich wurtzite (Zn,Co)O. The model explains a large anisotropy observed in
both magnetization and magnetoresistance in terms of spin hamiltonian of Co
ions in the crystal field of the wurtzite lattice.
| cond-mat.mtrl-sci | in order to elucidate the nature of ferromagnetic signatures observed in zncoo we have examined experimentally and theoretically magnetic properties and spindependent quantum localization effects that control lowtemperature magnetoresistance our findings together with a through structural characterization substantiate the model assigning spontaneous magnetization of zncoo to uncompensated spins at the surface of antiferromagnetic nanocrystal of corich wurtzite zncoo the model explains a large anisotropy observed in both magnetization and magnetoresistance in terms of spin hamiltonian of co ions in the crystal field of the wurtzite lattice | [['in', 'order', 'to', 'elucidate', 'the', 'nature', 'of', 'ferromagnetic', 'signatures', 'observed', 'in', 'zncoo', 'we', 'have', 'examined', 'experimentally', 'and', 'theoretically', 'magnetic', 'properties', 'and', 'spindependent', 'quantum', 'localization', 'effects', 'that', 'control', 'lowtemperature', 'magnetoresistance', 'our', 'findings', 'together', 'with', 'a', 'through', 'structural', 'characterization', 'substantiate', 'the', 'model', 'assigning', 'spontaneous', 'magnetization', 'of', 'zncoo', 'to', 'uncompensated', 'spins', 'at', 'the', 'surface', 'of', 'antiferromagnetic', 'nanocrystal', 'of', 'corich', 'wurtzite', 'zncoo', 'the', 'model', 'explains', 'a', 'large', 'anisotropy', 'observed', 'in', 'both', 'magnetization', 'and', 'magnetoresistance', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'spin', 'hamiltonian', 'of', 'co', 'ions', 'in', 'the', 'crystal', 'field', 'of', 'the', 'wurtzite', 'lattice']] | [-0.1569132820546064, 0.19907632188026814, -0.0019688845319716735, 0.008186506854673458, -0.03300522057729405, -0.09331584661159405, 0.0685650740376522, 0.4554480809805005, -0.23583262543692146, -0.3194077063221918, -0.040411429684121855, -0.2993471000917516, -0.13305751009042874, 0.15718950170395507, 0.08654035697149676, 0.0009959005469153093, -0.07059218387828793, -0.07634106497713473, -0.09194808150100153, -0.2286258764337575, 0.22593929731746631, 0.0017136794306489443, 0.31694423130085303, 0.12599578266624947, 0.05803852085413974, -0.008588319850089244, 0.15425978700608708, 0.030453388167675153, -0.18215635896778495, 0.04896448084781336, 0.23145576744058796, -0.16451128119559483, 0.1249225164850264, -0.47620491962879896, -0.19585092163233217, -0.02451705800499334, 0.11669909747907632, 0.1769845016777169, -0.09457626642366915, -0.2932398367543207, 0.07253143514593154, -0.09771079611206471, -0.12409236817146911, -0.12556866262931116, -0.058767821833350546, 0.00187264728904052, -0.21731529015977324, 0.13352488530366574, 0.1000215387415834, 0.14809089873072712, -0.1579083659751124, -0.10245684823454466, -0.11952737653032379, 0.016985161738946687, 0.07366720697068241, 0.029699846089622655, 0.17286287146880355, -0.0926380355512117, -0.18707379809212546, 0.3589817454962623, -0.04828391429767836, -0.06710329746047772, 0.12091374053446532, -0.2608607733313557, -0.10327689903030216, 0.1636107887282188, 0.13755309354611348, 0.08073850487207257, -0.15067263340122652, 0.07995784975558541, 0.015792909045812, 0.16913877988808118, 0.012441808238712162, 0.11819877667720755, 0.28201138346759214, 0.20423080244773004, -0.04195417361712993, 0.160603882815299, -0.15522662229662718, -0.07381690128944642, -0.1861347586761207, -0.1786465812691076, -0.25905423524226384, 0.07429906312202991, -0.1067075812480166, -0.18952206209258632, 0.419390948705895, 0.1773488268277846, 0.18343940821238036, -0.08434019809004006, 0.2121696094210736, 0.028888799224406222, 0.05603443389368612, -0.019521111530403413, 0.2634693868674858, 0.2617391190534934, 0.1305684220305709, -0.3875926867517274, 0.13254749829079523, -0.04989287396689855] |
708.2477 | Peculiar Features of the Interaction Potential between Hydrogen and
Antihydrogen at Intermediate Separations | We evaluate the interaction potential between a hydrogen and an antihydrogen
using the second-order perturbation theory within the framework of the
four-body system in a separable two-body basis. We find that the H-Hbar
interaction potential possesses the peculiar features of a shallow local
minimum located around interatomic separations of r ~ 6 a.u. and a barrier
rising at r~5 a.u. Additional theoretical and experimental investigations on
the nature of these peculiar features will be of great interest.
| physics.atom-ph physics.atm-clus physics.chem-ph | we evaluate the interaction potential between a hydrogen and an antihydrogen using the secondorder perturbation theory within the framework of the fourbody system in a separable twobody basis we find that the hhbar interaction potential possesses the peculiar features of a shallow local minimum located around interatomic separations of r 6 au and a barrier rising at r5 au additional theoretical and experimental investigations on the nature of these peculiar features will be of great interest | [['we', 'evaluate', 'the', 'interaction', 'potential', 'between', 'a', 'hydrogen', 'and', 'an', 'antihydrogen', 'using', 'the', 'secondorder', 'perturbation', 'theory', 'within', 'the', 'framework', 'of', 'the', 'fourbody', 'system', 'in', 'a', 'separable', 'twobody', 'basis', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'the', 'hhbar', 'interaction', 'potential', 'possesses', 'the', 'peculiar', 'features', 'of', 'a', 'shallow', 'local', 'minimum', 'located', 'around', 'interatomic', 'separations', 'of', 'r', '6', 'au', 'and', 'a', 'barrier', 'rising', 'at', 'r5', 'au', 'additional', 'theoretical', 'and', 'experimental', 'investigations', 'on', 'the', 'nature', 'of', 'these', 'peculiar', 'features', 'will', 'be', 'of', 'great', 'interest']] | [-0.14043142131872868, 0.07156121310043473, -0.10751107450893246, 0.04803808918222785, 0.008872386778851873, -0.14534251206848575, 0.03959716431716898, 0.35097372755837186, -0.26650339580680193, -0.29270567306268375, -0.0008836306882777104, -0.32837480992863055, -0.1246737252773815, 0.12106008734554052, 0.05594784362964626, 0.023792341742879024, 0.08091841429842661, 0.028172800093766694, -0.11139112468012363, -0.18930786361574733, 0.28217060015365286, 0.05884291292903455, 0.16181648534256965, 0.14278768058437363, 0.03818723604720282, -0.0015782506578895998, 0.04704222805479443, 0.012648890064539094, -0.14721648140527432, 0.14805145342387205, 0.1773286036715083, 0.054770666381380964, 0.30437133439179315, -0.416512781349746, -0.19415342136237182, 0.05402888364379147, 0.13958845527285071, 0.13565071137916102, -0.06457415307522751, -0.31636589581122326, 0.05073668496487172, -0.17654927054076994, -0.1855146738970162, -0.05257886998649491, 0.11027938436937372, 0.03692178246810248, -0.24400027407529323, 0.10874850125860815, 0.03716192457604369, 0.08347974400997996, -0.10946181971628807, -0.11812080019368104, -0.030890900782603575, 0.06880939349005195, -0.006964536710017312, 0.05435081822552571, 0.15564503845464633, -0.1078455484881775, -0.03978641269675695, 0.39103194223226684, -0.09314036164371493, -0.09235580050153658, 0.2238085123244673, -0.1408019639723199, -0.09962071978340023, 0.13168728017052145, 0.18641750232659673, 0.09908064386170161, -0.1399564131922824, 0.1018914344060345, -0.0027170939658964543, 0.18255376304793908, 0.06796970587579142, 0.05368041747102612, 0.2846547014472124, 0.17578201372050803, 0.027825679507498677, 0.08705558002724215, -0.15950328372357608, -0.1021326502147866, -0.33135836240590405, -0.09780703284042447, -0.1974364376234773, -0.00407194168502955, -0.10423167455442844, -0.14455974882615633, 0.40010422602982115, 0.13270879699848592, 0.18999085232223334, -0.012998715652716592, 0.2323186041444148, 0.06568788830190897, 0.09512103844041887, 0.04164387802838495, 0.31413969123049784, 0.14556431380639734, 0.04954619524926927, -0.23297199025737905, 0.004006602298958521, 0.014187091863469073] |
708.2478 | The Multidimensional Cube Recurrence | We introduce a recurrence which we term the multidimensional cube recurrence,
generalizing the octahedron recurrence studied by Propp, Fomin and Zelevinsky,
Speyer, and Fock and Goncharov and the three-dimensional cube recurrence
studied by Fomin and Zelevinsky, and Carroll and Speyer. The states of this
recurrence are indexed by tilings of a polygon with rhombi, and the variables
in the recurrence are indexed by vertices of these tilings. We travel from one
state of the recurrence to another by performing elementary flips. We show that
the values of the recurrence are independent of the order in which we perform
the flips; this proof involves nontrivial combinatorial results about rhombus
tilings which may be of independent interest. We then show that the
multidimensional cube recurrence exhibits the Laurent phenomenon -- any
variable is given by a Laurent polynomial in the other variables. We recognize
a special case of the multidimensional cube recurrence as giving explicit
equations for the isotropic Grassmannians IG(n-1,2n). Finally, we describe a
tropical version of the multidimensional cube recurrence and show that, like
the tropical octahedron recurrence, it propagates certain linear inequalities.
| math.CO math.AG | we introduce a recurrence which we term the multidimensional cube recurrence generalizing the octahedron recurrence studied by propp fomin and zelevinsky speyer and fock and goncharov and the threedimensional cube recurrence studied by fomin and zelevinsky and carroll and speyer the states of this recurrence are indexed by tilings of a polygon with rhombi and the variables in the recurrence are indexed by vertices of these tilings we travel from one state of the recurrence to another by performing elementary flips we show that the values of the recurrence are independent of the order in which we perform the flips this proof involves nontrivial combinatorial results about rhombus tilings which may be of independent interest we then show that the multidimensional cube recurrence exhibits the laurent phenomenon any variable is given by a laurent polynomial in the other variables we recognize a special case of the multidimensional cube recurrence as giving explicit equations for the isotropic grassmannians ign12n finally we describe a tropical version of the multidimensional cube recurrence and show that like the tropical octahedron recurrence it propagates certain linear inequalities | [['we', 'introduce', 'a', 'recurrence', 'which', 'we', 'term', 'the', 'multidimensional', 'cube', 'recurrence', 'generalizing', 'the', 'octahedron', 'recurrence', 'studied', 'by', 'propp', 'fomin', 'and', 'zelevinsky', 'speyer', 'and', 'fock', 'and', 'goncharov', 'and', 'the', 'threedimensional', 'cube', 'recurrence', 'studied', 'by', 'fomin', 'and', 'zelevinsky', 'and', 'carroll', 'and', 'speyer', 'the', 'states', 'of', 'this', 'recurrence', 'are', 'indexed', 'by', 'tilings', 'of', 'a', 'polygon', 'with', 'rhombi', 'and', 'the', 'variables', 'in', 'the', 'recurrence', 'are', 'indexed', 'by', 'vertices', 'of', 'these', 'tilings', 'we', 'travel', 'from', 'one', 'state', 'of', 'the', 'recurrence', 'to', 'another', 'by', 'performing', 'elementary', 'flips', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'values', 'of', 'the', 'recurrence', 'are', 'independent', 'of', 'the', 'order', 'in', 'which', 'we', 'perform', 'the', 'flips', 'this', 'proof', 'involves', 'nontrivial', 'combinatorial', 'results', 'about', 'rhombus', 'tilings', 'which', 'may', 'be', 'of', 'independent', 'interest', 'we', 'then', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'multidimensional', 'cube', 'recurrence', 'exhibits', 'the', 'laurent', 'phenomenon', 'any', 'variable', 'is', 'given', 'by', 'a', 'laurent', 'polynomial', 'in', 'the', 'other', 'variables', 'we', 'recognize', 'a', 'special', 'case', 'of', 'the', 'multidimensional', 'cube', 'recurrence', 'as', 'giving', 'explicit', 'equations', 'for', 'the', 'isotropic', 'grassmannians', 'ign12n', 'finally', 'we', 'describe', 'a', 'tropical', 'version', 'of', 'the', 'multidimensional', 'cube', 'recurrence', 'and', 'show', 'that', 'like', 'the', 'tropical', 'octahedron', 'recurrence', 'it', 'propagates', 'certain', 'linear', 'inequalities']] | [-0.1719667369973182, 0.13410867158148582, -0.06255638562863208, 0.09563373202825923, -0.0880472755049309, -0.12788994600276016, 0.04083799891359075, 0.31268840481125804, -0.34929757090851415, -0.2137881855696481, 0.14522488608516404, -0.28367058578132553, -0.21003338946216066, 0.178579710728813, -0.09984088899150943, 0.0230142355798287, 0.04861070078102041, 0.03214388389078622, -0.05914356393763861, -0.3391915003483528, 0.3198519098824559, -0.010259750590354812, 0.17114804942644515, -0.03135419146862725, 0.14888258227944703, 0.06078211327973568, -0.06320477408892089, 0.000564108098450616, -0.16037624042145285, 0.11726236790360739, 0.20375468173882413, 0.12149717952875685, 0.17768250764424795, -0.40673200314921115, -0.1098987832768352, 0.11820539215564192, 0.15652080504120797, 0.08717765867676668, -0.006520592229368773, -0.2905608912073179, -0.010345243228836119, -0.12110948699715583, -0.16073373063127844, -0.08457589284028055, 0.08739889342625991, 0.11502893915842416, -0.2566182305946308, 0.090950094164061, 0.14145326759095062, 0.0877256470223315, -0.015515120082550286, -0.09810573224477388, -0.03810840521975117, 0.06809976558298778, -0.0234716374977641, 0.013230493055522772, -0.005920082917282595, -0.025245158426278367, -0.18324464249542982, 0.341633557944008, 0.028042225019545782, -0.2260446360553274, 0.12742229947532163, -0.1882903737515129, -0.19858693018637968, 0.09342607510345602, 0.07815291092715622, 0.08651880280742452, -0.09267543564493978, 0.07635093812968387, -0.1695612497854134, 0.0897709035535873, 0.210942722077466, -0.02396460142898636, 0.15321618039160967, 0.07603160932773302, 0.023293005408029695, 0.23807212223204943, -0.007220359760959175, -0.11534605085211729, -0.2916127574573482, -0.1793876898974098, -0.17451243165582006, 0.10049454211797668, -0.18571412654325703, -0.1799550286380996, 0.3741501220476232, 0.07644892113285849, 0.20601006651307502, 0.09882594466669928, 0.18030891870534388, 0.13510082690855643, 0.05854350205469691, 0.038061623119373514, 0.09829325715558429, 0.1886627939735534, 0.07139395916569484, -0.18119063596459856, 0.03921429699065565, 0.24604349834870198] |
708.2479 | Atomic oxygen adsorption and incipient oxidation of the Pb(111) surface:
A density-functional theory study | We study the atomic oxygen adsorption on Pb(111) surface by using
density-functional theory within the generalized gradient approximation and a
supercell approach. The atomic and energetic properties of purely on-surface
and subsurface oxygen structures at the Pb(111) surface are systematically
investigated for a wide range of coverages and adsorption sites. The fcc and
tetra-II sites (see the text for definition) are found to be energetically
preferred for the on-surface and subsurface adsorption, respectively, in the
whole range of coverage considered. The on-surface and subsurface oxygen
binding energies monotonically increase with the coverage, and the latter is
always higher than the former, thus indicating the tendency to the formation of
oxygen islands (clusters) and the higher stability of subsurface adsorption.
The on-surface and subsurface diffusion-path energetics of atomic oxygen, and
the activation barriers for the O penetration from the on-surface to the
subsurface sites are presented at low and high coverages. In particular, it is
shown that the penetration barrier from the on-surface hcp to the subsurface
tetra-I site is as small as 65 meV at low coverage ($\Theta $=0.25). The other
properties of the O/Pb(111) system, including the charge distribution, the
lattice relaxation, the work function, and the electronic density of states,
are also studied and discussed in detail, which consistently show the gradually
stabilizing ionic O-Pb bond with increase of the oxygen coverage.
| cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.other | we study the atomic oxygen adsorption on pb111 surface by using densityfunctional theory within the generalized gradient approximation and a supercell approach the atomic and energetic properties of purely onsurface and subsurface oxygen structures at the pb111 surface are systematically investigated for a wide range of coverages and adsorption sites the fcc and tetraii sites see the text for definition are found to be energetically preferred for the onsurface and subsurface adsorption respectively in the whole range of coverage considered the onsurface and subsurface oxygen binding energies monotonically increase with the coverage and the latter is always higher than the former thus indicating the tendency to the formation of oxygen islands clusters and the higher stability of subsurface adsorption the onsurface and subsurface diffusionpath energetics of atomic oxygen and the activation barriers for the o penetration from the onsurface to the subsurface sites are presented at low and high coverages in particular it is shown that the penetration barrier from the onsurface hcp to the subsurface tetrai site is as small as 65 mev at low coverage theta 025 the other properties of the opb111 system including the charge distribution the lattice relaxation the work function and the electronic density of states are also studied and discussed in detail which consistently show the gradually stabilizing ionic opb bond with increase of the oxygen coverage | [['we', 'study', 'the', 'atomic', 'oxygen', 'adsorption', 'on', 'pb111', 'surface', 'by', 'using', 'densityfunctional', 'theory', 'within', 'the', 'generalized', 'gradient', 'approximation', 'and', 'a', 'supercell', 'approach', 'the', 'atomic', 'and', 'energetic', 'properties', 'of', 'purely', 'onsurface', 'and', 'subsurface', 'oxygen', 'structures', 'at', 'the', 'pb111', 'surface', 'are', 'systematically', 'investigated', 'for', 'a', 'wide', 'range', 'of', 'coverages', 'and', 'adsorption', 'sites', 'the', 'fcc', 'and', 'tetraii', 'sites', 'see', 'the', 'text', 'for', 'definition', 'are', 'found', 'to', 'be', 'energetically', 'preferred', 'for', 'the', 'onsurface', 'and', 'subsurface', 'adsorption', 'respectively', 'in', 'the', 'whole', 'range', 'of', 'coverage', 'considered', 'the', 'onsurface', 'and', 'subsurface', 'oxygen', 'binding', 'energies', 'monotonically', 'increase', 'with', 'the', 'coverage', 'and', 'the', 'latter', 'is', 'always', 'higher', 'than', 'the', 'former', 'thus', 'indicating', 'the', 'tendency', 'to', 'the', 'formation', 'of', 'oxygen', 'islands', 'clusters', 'and', 'the', 'higher', 'stability', 'of', 'subsurface', 'adsorption', 'the', 'onsurface', 'and', 'subsurface', 'diffusionpath', 'energetics', 'of', 'atomic', 'oxygen', 'and', 'the', 'activation', 'barriers', 'for', 'the', 'o', 'penetration', 'from', 'the', 'onsurface', 'to', 'the', 'subsurface', 'sites', 'are', 'presented', 'at', 'low', 'and', 'high', 'coverages', 'in', 'particular', 'it', 'is', 'shown', 'that', 'the', 'penetration', 'barrier', 'from', 'the', 'onsurface', 'hcp', 'to', 'the', 'subsurface', 'tetrai', 'site', 'is', 'as', 'small', 'as', '65', 'mev', 'at', 'low', 'coverage', 'theta', '025', 'the', 'other', 'properties', 'of', 'the', 'opb111', 'system', 'including', 'the', 'charge', 'distribution', 'the', 'lattice', 'relaxation', 'the', 'work', 'function', 'and', 'the', 'electronic', 'density', 'of', 'states', 'are', 'also', 'studied', 'and', 'discussed', 'in', 'detail', 'which', 'consistently', 'show', 'the', 'gradually', 'stabilizing', 'ionic', 'opb', 'bond', 'with', 'increase', 'of', 'the', 'oxygen', 'coverage']] | [-0.04314150790927339, 0.171983715176413, 0.03333267114569687, 0.070701653823066, 0.07471000515866266, -0.07475014317632568, 0.11349704022339376, 0.4065580631267618, -0.27921965697949586, -0.3383988297121091, 0.055722616056763485, -0.3099016504531557, -0.07501889974016442, 0.1328566772995559, 0.05076549774226309, -0.021482831895859405, 0.022208513467128134, -0.03661718717882071, -0.07370884237660158, -0.23665125784940425, 0.24949278682913495, 0.13240707842580213, 0.31610378238203174, 0.15820126815312754, 0.013558359473774378, -0.020049385915891352, 0.07308652883776548, 0.040777995234186, -0.2003311110884335, 0.15586808714519562, 0.24076101416827772, -0.01884731784918007, 0.2063398283998884, -0.4708546986126087, -0.23471137715440074, -0.008318556680090048, 0.1137215291287496, 0.1377246570704632, -0.052960410033649, -0.22604108067144724, 0.06401958745237525, -0.111121473739728, -0.11391672542403368, -0.03514531153301836, 0.03865830006014386, 0.07472920924403958, -0.22060771410946142, 0.09474435904028888, 0.00751673573077741, 0.11411061054518955, -0.16663882414048367, -0.16970143299814397, -0.1701063949889927, 0.09078203649683432, 0.04339481670758687, 0.02822408567193303, 0.22243357217785986, -0.07714348204714373, 0.002087683907964013, 0.42294269969517534, -0.028456940703340067, -0.11599112751216374, 0.22293289338915862, -0.1757510808021338, -0.10303664050932804, 0.21366730903021314, 0.10525096363641999, 0.1239200574113056, -0.11891885147408836, 0.05175759722134733, 0.03292846581634049, 0.13918134909842841, 0.09785500062227419, 0.023328260437119754, 0.1863266969808716, 0.1906515733614056, 0.13532416000115602, 0.1088714570312401, -0.18132947561521592, -0.09068760173554025, -0.1949996783313426, -0.19298350479538467, -0.15416443234902213, -0.0030065147968178444, -0.08986519550896695, -0.18178432723335308, 0.36329826970838686, 0.07874221155017784, 0.16863937168593773, -0.019561966802311044, 0.20182734808291902, 0.07916300144517498, 0.05535777127581903, 0.017910320328717883, 0.2360539040295407, 0.12981828879776663, 0.10562798986211419, -0.2625009877977639, 0.1231262641239234, 0.01836619987575845] |
708.248 | Quantum heat engines and information | Recently, Zhang {\em et al.} [PRA, {\bf 75}, 062102 (2007)] extended Kieu's
interesting work on the quantum Otto engine [PRL, {\bf 93}, 140403 (2004)] by
considering as working substance a bipartite quantum system $AB$ composed of
subsystems $A$ and $B$. In this paper, we express the net work done $W_{AB}$ by
such an engine explicitly in terms of the macroscopic bath temperatures and
information theoretic quantities associated with the microscopic quantum states
of the working substance. This allows us to gain insights into the dependence
of positive $W_{AB}$ on the quantum properties of the states. We illustrate
with a two-qubit XY chain as the working substance. Inspired by the expression,
we propose a plausible formula for the work derivable from the subsystems. We
show that there is a critical entanglement beyond which it is impossible to
draw positive work locally from the individual subsystems while $W_{AB}$ is
positive. This could be another interesting manifestation of quantum
nonlocality.
| quant-ph | recently zhang em et al pra bf 75 062102 2007 extended kieus interesting work on the quantum otto engine prl bf 93 140403 2004 by considering as working substance a bipartite quantum system ab composed of subsystems a and b in this paper we express the net work done w_ab by such an engine explicitly in terms of the macroscopic bath temperatures and information theoretic quantities associated with the microscopic quantum states of the working substance this allows us to gain insights into the dependence of positive w_ab on the quantum properties of the states we illustrate with a twoqubit xy chain as the working substance inspired by the expression we propose a plausible formula for the work derivable from the subsystems we show that there is a critical entanglement beyond which it is impossible to draw positive work locally from the individual subsystems while w_ab is positive this could be another interesting manifestation of quantum nonlocality | [['recently', 'zhang', 'em', 'et', 'al', 'pra', 'bf', '75', '062102', '2007', 'extended', 'kieus', 'interesting', 'work', 'on', 'the', 'quantum', 'otto', 'engine', 'prl', 'bf', '93', '140403', '2004', 'by', 'considering', 'as', 'working', 'substance', 'a', 'bipartite', 'quantum', 'system', 'ab', 'composed', 'of', 'subsystems', 'a', 'and', 'b', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'express', 'the', 'net', 'work', 'done', 'w_ab', 'by', 'such', 'an', 'engine', 'explicitly', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'the', 'macroscopic', 'bath', 'temperatures', 'and', 'information', 'theoretic', 'quantities', 'associated', 'with', 'the', 'microscopic', 'quantum', 'states', 'of', 'the', 'working', 'substance', 'this', 'allows', 'us', 'to', 'gain', 'insights', 'into', 'the', 'dependence', 'of', 'positive', 'w_ab', 'on', 'the', 'quantum', 'properties', 'of', 'the', 'states', 'we', 'illustrate', 'with', 'a', 'twoqubit', 'xy', 'chain', 'as', 'the', 'working', 'substance', 'inspired', 'by', 'the', 'expression', 'we', 'propose', 'a', 'plausible', 'formula', 'for', 'the', 'work', 'derivable', 'from', 'the', 'subsystems', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'there', 'is', 'a', 'critical', 'entanglement', 'beyond', 'which', 'it', 'is', 'impossible', 'to', 'draw', 'positive', 'work', 'locally', 'from', 'the', 'individual', 'subsystems', 'while', 'w_ab', 'is', 'positive', 'this', 'could', 'be', 'another', 'interesting', 'manifestation', 'of', 'quantum', 'nonlocality']] | [-0.11528120303502792, 0.14631758225500766, -0.07119232487336845, 0.01634383387863636, -0.06099337207117848, -0.1750736597563573, 0.10242953652050346, 0.27947251593611044, -0.2059498078955017, -0.31078553199768066, 0.017657430692736037, -0.28235237275194275, -0.17276951584484498, 0.18349511329393098, -0.0723580797929554, 0.044125627742629424, 0.015237057293100863, 0.042177380430052404, -0.031267306860832934, -0.23133265505586365, 0.2783281522992832, 0.07719549466633374, 0.2574656313866567, 0.07057805981926003, 0.13744492609065714, 0.03304755065077026, 0.02262099748914824, 0.03518182841525561, -0.16028230463082874, 0.10713945581150615, 0.2448061765497847, 0.11007011313418484, 0.2542832040933857, -0.40174276572147943, -0.21147935271298715, 0.08094212507746022, 0.07891385168857445, 0.12472338777311312, 0.00824918111365075, -0.3231362712563603, 0.014463555663896378, -0.2108362658886583, -0.0821749594523779, -0.08667918740225597, 0.07131219059555156, -0.043601109883911124, -0.24041359517189442, 0.08050701411583336, 0.12890569073036662, 0.07362997203258573, -0.016163340687031034, -0.07724694826026228, 0.01978536848732193, 0.11700511915656696, -0.04259901005918587, 0.038890188592515744, 0.13394816368551343, -0.06386892946739532, -0.14298425035315393, 0.34061320535957246, -0.04222985060594881, -0.16732367511340387, 0.19189029645432784, -0.09479582665494056, -0.12868145909041737, 0.038746316576151144, 0.11297391295272881, 0.10361495331095852, -0.17285264996295666, 0.125541785182461, -0.07657642596976677, 0.15624605254477755, 0.057732699800781, 0.04883220074639009, 0.21982234647011112, 0.08601546566488494, 0.009175157052862227, 0.20557560405811104, -0.012250814817113221, -0.14710323576211845, -0.300048129644933, -0.22319489139336857, -0.24110234170302358, 0.1326789694784838, -0.039257520346888966, -0.10508186198699816, 0.4038820529154911, 0.14913369195034362, 0.17285693713588415, -0.0060421726927769245, 0.22353378239319108, 0.10754110150567144, 0.01409676658163132, 0.10688794304610817, 0.23198782334068588, 0.16633340335973082, 0.11142095613328942, -0.22474091508645255, 0.04794611251441418, 0.04821764017235796] |
708.2481 | Comment on "Are the spectra of geometrical operators in Loop Quantum
Gravity really discrete?" by B. Dittrich and T. Thiemann | I argue that the prediction of physical discreteness at the Planck scale in
loop gravity is a reasonable conclusion that derives from a sensible ensemble
of hypotheses, in spite of some contrary arguments considered in an interesting
recent paper by Dittrich and Thiemann. The counter-example presented by
Dittrich and Thiemann illustrates a pathology which does not seem to be present
in gravity. I also point out a common confusion between two distinct frameworks
for the interpretation of general-covariant quantum theory, and observe that
within one of these, the derivation of physical discreteness is immediate, and
not in contradiction with gauge invariance.
| gr-qc | i argue that the prediction of physical discreteness at the planck scale in loop gravity is a reasonable conclusion that derives from a sensible ensemble of hypotheses in spite of some contrary arguments considered in an interesting recent paper by dittrich and thiemann the counterexample presented by dittrich and thiemann illustrates a pathology which does not seem to be present in gravity i also point out a common confusion between two distinct frameworks for the interpretation of generalcovariant quantum theory and observe that within one of these the derivation of physical discreteness is immediate and not in contradiction with gauge invariance | [['i', 'argue', 'that', 'the', 'prediction', 'of', 'physical', 'discreteness', 'at', 'the', 'planck', 'scale', 'in', 'loop', 'gravity', 'is', 'a', 'reasonable', 'conclusion', 'that', 'derives', 'from', 'a', 'sensible', 'ensemble', 'of', 'hypotheses', 'in', 'spite', 'of', 'some', 'contrary', 'arguments', 'considered', 'in', 'an', 'interesting', 'recent', 'paper', 'by', 'dittrich', 'and', 'thiemann', 'the', 'counterexample', 'presented', 'by', 'dittrich', 'and', 'thiemann', 'illustrates', 'a', 'pathology', 'which', 'does', 'not', 'seem', 'to', 'be', 'present', 'in', 'gravity', 'i', 'also', 'point', 'out', 'a', 'common', 'confusion', 'between', 'two', 'distinct', 'frameworks', 'for', 'the', 'interpretation', 'of', 'generalcovariant', 'quantum', 'theory', 'and', 'observe', 'that', 'within', 'one', 'of', 'these', 'the', 'derivation', 'of', 'physical', 'discreteness', 'is', 'immediate', 'and', 'not', 'in', 'contradiction', 'with', 'gauge', 'invariance']] | [-0.0922304211884027, 0.1058609762592391, -0.14524845559251412, 0.0916318568922026, -0.07088669044850855, -0.1478049362949695, 0.05191437090115419, 0.3105776521681559, -0.2132493982663249, -0.27808689783410273, 0.07358329777149392, -0.23139969895750578, -0.19197929116648318, 0.15310151988437565, -0.1309614399065365, -0.013385093651048027, 0.031692353058790805, 0.032283093807942205, -0.05834498558663717, -0.19727859475493137, 0.34902109285484595, 0.07241427574173022, 0.24825379968906688, 0.07956817089165054, 0.09524656211643821, -0.0419462406177922, -0.060504396280070934, 0.050630244455244944, -0.10666188411292157, 0.10311016076046162, 0.2305282837351655, 0.14420096378423053, 0.2682440246289393, -0.41016454346671627, -0.240285279026421, 0.05633769251664381, 0.1240559351840287, 0.1314332681272345, -0.049102881921012656, -0.26033206988531765, 0.062336382050399146, -0.1394059437944895, -0.13814333138530982, -0.053077608337718074, 0.028516000533236725, -0.07291675836659305, -0.21317863073845458, 0.09009278870716755, 0.10311813120462812, 0.0712068078228005, -0.03812146784062267, -0.09517632831478177, 0.01652106407587186, 0.06428414472092939, 0.08619334393452927, 0.032043840650856345, 0.0847176881414829, -0.1290136673672143, -0.13740689427785502, 0.4039489097229325, -0.03998115983339819, -0.17474450727021046, 0.20194765965288303, -0.1635795125488819, -0.21019975400741886, 0.06708354970537089, 0.04333869480795347, 0.03965644903554775, -0.15521701865617443, 0.11741128600073407, -0.057913022395914955, 0.14457822711083643, 0.060456218089594845, 0.044242369845546414, 0.2611602023243904, 0.09083334041187668, 0.010539690595083308, 0.06522881561811866, -0.006407596078692096, -0.13486524450933873, -0.4244755338693019, -0.16377096176885142, -0.17191438946762297, 0.09126204874229359, -0.08406158148871255, -0.1444503676773298, 0.3220469293779334, 0.2481801114367819, 0.19826879876545897, 0.028694573899334535, 0.22485896362231508, 0.06947895860539215, 0.06665773614134529, 0.03397472877756204, 0.2865281523459494, 0.10924021250310142, 0.06725395048535106, -0.20211400221088108, 0.017861448430068937, 0.047954624952139834] |
708.2482 | Pulsar slow glitches in a solid quark star model | A series of five unusual slow glitches of the radio pulsar B1822-09 (PSR
J1825-0935) were observed over the 1995-2005 interval. This phenomenon is
understood in a solid quark star model, where the reasonable parameters for
slow glitches are presented in the paper. It is proposed that, because of
increasing shear stress as a pulsar spins down, a slow glitch may occur,
beginning with a collapse of a superficial layer of the quark star. This layer
of material turns equivalently to viscous fluid at first, the viscosity of
which helps deplete the energy released from both the accumulated elastic
energy and the gravitation potential. This performs then a process of slow
glitch. Numerical calculations show that the observed slow glitches could be
reproduced if the effective coefficient of viscosity is ~10^2 cm^{2}/s and the
initial velocity of the superficial layer is order of 10^{-10} cm/s in the
coordinate rotating frame of the star.
| astro-ph | a series of five unusual slow glitches of the radio pulsar b182209 psr j18250935 were observed over the 19952005 interval this phenomenon is understood in a solid quark star model where the reasonable parameters for slow glitches are presented in the paper it is proposed that because of increasing shear stress as a pulsar spins down a slow glitch may occur beginning with a collapse of a superficial layer of the quark star this layer of material turns equivalently to viscous fluid at first the viscosity of which helps deplete the energy released from both the accumulated elastic energy and the gravitation potential this performs then a process of slow glitch numerical calculations show that the observed slow glitches could be reproduced if the effective coefficient of viscosity is 102 cm2s and the initial velocity of the superficial layer is order of 1010 cms in the coordinate rotating frame of the star | [['a', 'series', 'of', 'five', 'unusual', 'slow', 'glitches', 'of', 'the', 'radio', 'pulsar', 'b182209', 'psr', 'j18250935', 'were', 'observed', 'over', 'the', '19952005', 'interval', 'this', 'phenomenon', 'is', 'understood', 'in', 'a', 'solid', 'quark', 'star', 'model', 'where', 'the', 'reasonable', 'parameters', 'for', 'slow', 'glitches', 'are', 'presented', 'in', 'the', 'paper', 'it', 'is', 'proposed', 'that', 'because', 'of', 'increasing', 'shear', 'stress', 'as', 'a', 'pulsar', 'spins', 'down', 'a', 'slow', 'glitch', 'may', 'occur', 'beginning', 'with', 'a', 'collapse', 'of', 'a', 'superficial', 'layer', 'of', 'the', 'quark', 'star', 'this', 'layer', 'of', 'material', 'turns', 'equivalently', 'to', 'viscous', 'fluid', 'at', 'first', 'the', 'viscosity', 'of', 'which', 'helps', 'deplete', 'the', 'energy', 'released', 'from', 'both', 'the', 'accumulated', 'elastic', 'energy', 'and', 'the', 'gravitation', 'potential', 'this', 'performs', 'then', 'a', 'process', 'of', 'slow', 'glitch', 'numerical', 'calculations', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'observed', 'slow', 'glitches', 'could', 'be', 'reproduced', 'if', 'the', 'effective', 'coefficient', 'of', 'viscosity', 'is', '102', 'cm2s', 'and', 'the', 'initial', 'velocity', 'of', 'the', 'superficial', 'layer', 'is', 'order', 'of', '1010', 'cms', 'in', 'the', 'coordinate', 'rotating', 'frame', 'of', 'the', 'star']] | [-0.13682451290356007, 0.22011513560270238, -0.08201635380187658, 0.05762420392359172, -0.09266486843825866, -0.07816156126336743, 0.03841400956071987, 0.3213765755070632, -0.26025749562887956, -0.3038085898606489, 0.08381917756066244, -0.24611334991178765, -0.06250562986346665, 0.17950139942830304, -0.03559729176271238, 0.03649333254773392, 0.09406801298050987, 0.03401668779305275, -0.06632901095732775, -0.2155323302917204, 0.23403732813823436, 0.06923486281510917, 0.20137830229710466, 0.030818849474358194, 0.12985285436611202, -0.11886755535255698, 0.004114477449583987, -0.004188291580471772, -0.10831286784136955, 0.012886240461606854, 0.22987596886402106, 0.05412857617492115, 0.2025723912173401, -0.4481456010102831, -0.23863474075799648, 0.042714071435397426, 0.14034088304118308, 0.07310169437107636, -0.015879047772421544, -0.2187353399711729, 0.07136016674894864, -0.25377757461827916, -0.14201331130747025, -0.002401387503999748, 0.08782939576861504, 0.024225018147551857, -0.25460695166954933, 0.17478263920187698, 0.08521452323157365, 0.024037436469924862, -0.09527340708053764, -0.08297062359922966, -0.03952407656663054, 0.04932855854708307, 0.13210686188193488, 0.09732247791592254, 0.17173890809571704, -0.13505262180095823, -0.025630741182788713, 0.3961848344357795, -0.0640337142633854, -0.10382511105343302, 0.1805304933388699, -0.20280046663894657, -0.111717194408203, 0.17196818150653942, 0.16027616685493817, 0.09601345969154346, -0.16691828296451972, 0.004383601364679635, -0.011518813636530166, 0.19131146870639842, 0.08769025514210692, -0.023015739673760947, 0.27313871061682254, 0.21716604057455818, -0.00822857643064383, 0.11567201477934957, -0.18059869425763322, -0.05601876980273534, -0.29809070403829513, -0.11422447989839715, -0.1809646404141696, 0.07686377803498991, -0.11422295778329077, -0.13926644531612142, 0.3885603153997946, 0.09245143630094703, 0.1872301492215572, 0.004081104210553234, 0.27059932384911356, 0.1291837310780839, 0.06300773744514546, 0.11741884572073719, 0.32265648990252754, 0.15378985774320927, 0.16864665851400956, -0.2691535113937536, 0.10518961894134714, 0.01817215538725553] |
708.2483 | Visualizing curved spacetime | I present a way to visualize the concept of curved spacetime. The result is a
curved surface with local coordinate systems (Minkowski Systems) living on it,
giving the local directions of space and time. Relative to these systems,
special relativity holds. The method can be used to visualize gravitational
time dilation, the horizon of black holes, and cosmological models. The idea
underlying the illustrations is first to specify a field of timelike
four-velocities. Then, at every point, one performs a coordinate transformation
to a local Minkowski system comoving with the given four-velocity. In the local
system, the sign of the spatial part of the metric is flipped to create a new
metric of Euclidean signature. The new positive definite metric, called the
absolute metric, can be covariantly related to the original Lorentzian metric.
For the special case of a 2-dimensional original metric, the absolute metric
may be embedded in 3-dimensional Euclidean space as a curved surface.
| gr-qc | i present a way to visualize the concept of curved spacetime the result is a curved surface with local coordinate systems minkowski systems living on it giving the local directions of space and time relative to these systems special relativity holds the method can be used to visualize gravitational time dilation the horizon of black holes and cosmological models the idea underlying the illustrations is first to specify a field of timelike fourvelocities then at every point one performs a coordinate transformation to a local minkowski system comoving with the given fourvelocity in the local system the sign of the spatial part of the metric is flipped to create a new metric of euclidean signature the new positive definite metric called the absolute metric can be covariantly related to the original lorentzian metric for the special case of a 2dimensional original metric the absolute metric may be embedded in 3dimensional euclidean space as a curved surface | [['i', 'present', 'a', 'way', 'to', 'visualize', 'the', 'concept', 'of', 'curved', 'spacetime', 'the', 'result', 'is', 'a', 'curved', 'surface', 'with', 'local', 'coordinate', 'systems', 'minkowski', 'systems', 'living', 'on', 'it', 'giving', 'the', 'local', 'directions', 'of', 'space', 'and', 'time', 'relative', 'to', 'these', 'systems', 'special', 'relativity', 'holds', 'the', 'method', 'can', 'be', 'used', 'to', 'visualize', 'gravitational', 'time', 'dilation', 'the', 'horizon', 'of', 'black', 'holes', 'and', 'cosmological', 'models', 'the', 'idea', 'underlying', 'the', 'illustrations', 'is', 'first', 'to', 'specify', 'a', 'field', 'of', 'timelike', 'fourvelocities', 'then', 'at', 'every', 'point', 'one', 'performs', 'a', 'coordinate', 'transformation', 'to', 'a', 'local', 'minkowski', 'system', 'comoving', 'with', 'the', 'given', 'fourvelocity', 'in', 'the', 'local', 'system', 'the', 'sign', 'of', 'the', 'spatial', 'part', 'of', 'the', 'metric', 'is', 'flipped', 'to', 'create', 'a', 'new', 'metric', 'of', 'euclidean', 'signature', 'the', 'new', 'positive', 'definite', 'metric', 'called', 'the', 'absolute', 'metric', 'can', 'be', 'covariantly', 'related', 'to', 'the', 'original', 'lorentzian', 'metric', 'for', 'the', 'special', 'case', 'of', 'a', '2dimensional', 'original', 'metric', 'the', 'absolute', 'metric', 'may', 'be', 'embedded', 'in', '3dimensional', 'euclidean', 'space', 'as', 'a', 'curved', 'surface']] | [-0.14646544607986028, 0.09607655074572764, -0.12649651498903927, 0.09145939446170814, -0.12554715775574246, -0.13648597865055004, -0.0425596092424642, 0.35132232712856376, -0.2626712978742897, -0.24971982477328333, 0.07248179918567005, -0.24896264093247458, -0.15133265036946306, 0.15727729144661376, -0.09512022340622468, 0.02818706733635806, -0.001580850722698065, 0.1025276906036127, -0.12968543549187672, -0.2548068151212273, 0.38593973085666317, 0.07640293811280759, 0.25426032372380203, -0.011529529195589324, 0.15613274577593145, 0.00493798987307132, -0.02758417889260902, 0.09638616533984298, -0.09303873800075589, 0.11359997066402008, 0.2073548386564513, 0.14932537621158795, 0.2292747309577699, -0.3768510375287942, -0.2237083248089617, 0.1301122556025616, 0.09776105632026418, 0.12940469057036516, -0.016370762307465505, -0.3261688973572559, 0.04933887945028404, -0.0992613199419933, -0.1905332011743807, -0.05129163054441914, 0.022217593499823496, -0.05752553483650375, -0.19724571004581565, 0.052835262008976806, 0.07042323829754867, -0.011446587571229499, -0.10564430996339816, -0.013414671269203655, -0.03670776660557096, 0.1269061100155784, 0.05318301267032392, 0.13485776178034334, 0.13531688453878862, -0.03570470592836873, -0.10245591073404424, 0.42318083482603425, -0.07849518331185652, -0.30251516156997055, 0.15495387283571732, -0.1773329336876766, -0.06712305794756573, 0.08451159783931544, 0.19340241362209407, 0.1632954275342994, -0.13514214688732934, 0.14120403173878096, -0.024230604795798756, 0.12177386889566268, 0.08397681582778788, 0.02976138331593038, 0.2452470566599797, 0.09627905960764903, 0.10851164638864784, 0.11760570336721288, -0.054359107211124726, -0.08704344206191121, -0.37783161042114866, -0.23617437014427894, -0.17173434647683722, 0.07124865335078003, -0.17638164016889044, -0.21109067591635558, 0.3799002811563416, 0.06825852778946193, 0.19220517070975918, 0.038657131421272285, 0.2561625816531374, 0.07677616175407401, 0.06487362366393566, 0.07959255845381473, 0.22713739114055315, 0.11292843222140501, 0.10153349008163413, -0.16942971946002963, -0.027270701749680135, 0.1381653467587267] |
708.2484 | High-resolution radio continuum survey of M33 II. Thermal and nonthermal
emission | We determine the variation in the nonthermal radio spectral index in the
nearby spiral galaxy M33 at a linear resolution of 360 pc. We separate the
thermal and nonthermal components of the radio continuum emission without the
assumption of a constant nonthermal spectral index. Using the Spitzer FIR data
at 70 and 160 $\mu$m and a standard dust model, we deredden the H$\alpha$
emission. The extinction corrected H$\alpha$ emission serves as a template for
the thermal free-free radio emission. Subtracting from the observed 3.6 cm and
20 cm emission (Effelsberg and the VLA) this free-free emission, we obtain the
nonthermal maps. A constant electron temperature used to obtain the thermal
radio intensity seems appropriate for M~33 which, unlike the Milky Way, has a
shallow metallicity gradient. For the first time, we derive the distribution of
the nonthermal spectral index across a galaxy, M33. We detect strong nonthermal
emission from the spiral arms and star-forming regions. Wavelet analysis shows
that at 3.6 cm the nonthermal emission is dominated by contributions from
star-forming regions, while it is smoothly distributed at 20 cm. For the whole
galaxy, we obtain thermal fractions of 51% and 18% at 3.6 cm and 20 cm,
respectively. The thermal emission is slightly stronger in the southern than in
the northern half of the galaxy. We find a clear radial gradient of mean
extinction in the galactic plane. The nonthermal spectral index map indicates
that the relativistic electrons suffer energy-loss when diffusing from their
origin in star-forming regions towards interarm regions and the outer parts of
the galaxy. We also conclude that the radio emission is mostly nonthermal at R
$>$ 5 kpc in M33.
| astro-ph | we determine the variation in the nonthermal radio spectral index in the nearby spiral galaxy m33 at a linear resolution of 360 pc we separate the thermal and nonthermal components of the radio continuum emission without the assumption of a constant nonthermal spectral index using the spitzer fir data at 70 and 160 mum and a standard dust model we deredden the halpha emission the extinction corrected halpha emission serves as a template for the thermal freefree radio emission subtracting from the observed 36 cm and 20 cm emission effelsberg and the vla this freefree emission we obtain the nonthermal maps a constant electron temperature used to obtain the thermal radio intensity seems appropriate for m33 which unlike the milky way has a shallow metallicity gradient for the first time we derive the distribution of the nonthermal spectral index across a galaxy m33 we detect strong nonthermal emission from the spiral arms and starforming regions wavelet analysis shows that at 36 cm the nonthermal emission is dominated by contributions from starforming regions while it is smoothly distributed at 20 cm for the whole galaxy we obtain thermal fractions of 51 and 18 at 36 cm and 20 cm respectively the thermal emission is slightly stronger in the southern than in the northern half of the galaxy we find a clear radial gradient of mean extinction in the galactic plane the nonthermal spectral index map indicates that the relativistic electrons suffer energyloss when diffusing from their origin in starforming regions towards interarm regions and the outer parts of the galaxy we also conclude that the radio emission is mostly nonthermal at r 5 kpc in m33 | [['we', 'determine', 'the', 'variation', 'in', 'the', 'nonthermal', 'radio', 'spectral', 'index', 'in', 'the', 'nearby', 'spiral', 'galaxy', 'm33', 'at', 'a', 'linear', 'resolution', 'of', '360', 'pc', 'we', 'separate', 'the', 'thermal', 'and', 'nonthermal', 'components', 'of', 'the', 'radio', 'continuum', 'emission', 'without', 'the', 'assumption', 'of', 'a', 'constant', 'nonthermal', 'spectral', 'index', 'using', 'the', 'spitzer', 'fir', 'data', 'at', '70', 'and', '160', 'mum', 'and', 'a', 'standard', 'dust', 'model', 'we', 'deredden', 'the', 'halpha', 'emission', 'the', 'extinction', 'corrected', 'halpha', 'emission', 'serves', 'as', 'a', 'template', 'for', 'the', 'thermal', 'freefree', 'radio', 'emission', 'subtracting', 'from', 'the', 'observed', '36', 'cm', 'and', '20', 'cm', 'emission', 'effelsberg', 'and', 'the', 'vla', 'this', 'freefree', 'emission', 'we', 'obtain', 'the', 'nonthermal', 'maps', 'a', 'constant', 'electron', 'temperature', 'used', 'to', 'obtain', 'the', 'thermal', 'radio', 'intensity', 'seems', 'appropriate', 'for', 'm33', 'which', 'unlike', 'the', 'milky', 'way', 'has', 'a', 'shallow', 'metallicity', 'gradient', 'for', 'the', 'first', 'time', 'we', 'derive', 'the', 'distribution', 'of', 'the', 'nonthermal', 'spectral', 'index', 'across', 'a', 'galaxy', 'm33', 'we', 'detect', 'strong', 'nonthermal', 'emission', 'from', 'the', 'spiral', 'arms', 'and', 'starforming', 'regions', 'wavelet', 'analysis', 'shows', 'that', 'at', '36', 'cm', 'the', 'nonthermal', 'emission', 'is', 'dominated', 'by', 'contributions', 'from', 'starforming', 'regions', 'while', 'it', 'is', 'smoothly', 'distributed', 'at', '20', 'cm', 'for', 'the', 'whole', 'galaxy', 'we', 'obtain', 'thermal', 'fractions', 'of', '51', 'and', '18', 'at', '36', 'cm', 'and', '20', 'cm', 'respectively', 'the', 'thermal', 'emission', 'is', 'slightly', 'stronger', 'in', 'the', 'southern', 'than', 'in', 'the', 'northern', 'half', 'of', 'the', 'galaxy', 'we', 'find', 'a', 'clear', 'radial', 'gradient', 'of', 'mean', 'extinction', 'in', 'the', 'galactic', 'plane', 'the', 'nonthermal', 'spectral', 'index', 'map', 'indicates', 'that', 'the', 'relativistic', 'electrons', 'suffer', 'energyloss', 'when', 'diffusing', 'from', 'their', 'origin', 'in', 'starforming', 'regions', 'towards', 'interarm', 'regions', 'and', 'the', 'outer', 'parts', 'of', 'the', 'galaxy', 'we', 'also', 'conclude', 'that', 'the', 'radio', 'emission', 'is', 'mostly', 'nonthermal', 'at', 'r', '5', 'kpc', 'in', 'm33']] | [-0.02489447043076242, 0.08246559032493017, -0.06856158959679305, 0.10201657769905234, -0.05649611171673645, -0.05100917756726796, 0.03001409539942291, 0.4711982637508349, -0.1968945063903547, -0.3020190811292692, 0.03568804436151616, -0.293162800420753, 0.022259231804108076, 0.1759409519483928, 0.03299476607471826, -0.07715051876719703, -0.026327115840871225, -0.13832429700869728, -0.011638247576457534, -0.17614056966923686, 0.2555343216187744, 0.10468342659825629, 0.1870333313146098, 0.02695538733789528, 0.06736091139684008, -0.12454620058394292, -0.12052562185986475, -0.04238217653876001, -0.11829698245207758, 0.056102215505459095, 0.2157984299610623, 0.09332812434570356, 0.17467780955813147, -0.33666791195557877, -0.23738513753410767, 0.08041749407621947, 0.1882244449722136, 0.006587793046015907, -0.011716329128566114, -0.2524115028050305, 0.06171180927448652, -0.15348554667125758, -0.20174973063678903, 0.151205797273327, 0.04382375030524351, -0.012568038629410281, -0.21844637055389202, 0.17985432870760137, 0.004984833035110073, 0.11858205040239475, -0.11992317405656319, -0.10614699809727343, -0.05312797985420647, 0.059747528599426995, -0.009220177782276138, 0.08305276973596351, 0.2536154615658928, -0.10442735854705626, -0.022848755514503202, 0.39159656735137105, -0.12204313184499783, 0.03132432764565403, 0.20811383188575167, -0.2415331191721965, -0.19397522376257587, 0.23047985055737874, 0.11574167370626873, 0.06723849990500391, -0.13714934196349615, 0.03384389468278228, -0.03148961775004864, 0.2272367402326993, 0.07695549295453186, 0.06363931851572653, 0.3051066051671197, 0.02901461707385765, 0.07862035496390572, 0.17731843058908867, -0.32900905791839413, 0.00043255652555010534, -0.2643668854698031, -0.08758209012448788, -0.13649351568850265, 0.12000199741472237, -0.18802736946926663, -0.10645558549937877, 0.3873620359667323, 0.07659519196911292, 0.2036208654061325, 0.08392574116111394, 0.3515950233590874, 0.09620136092755605, 0.09396640726703812, 0.18212355644357475, 0.32035689391026445, 0.17447883314304902, 0.13197185629428448, -0.23269825470041144, 0.021518884081054818, -0.03208354196426543] |
708.2485 | Analytical Analysis of Single-Photon Correlations Emitted by Disordered
Semiconductor Heterostructures | In a recent publication [Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 227402 (2006),
cond-mat/0611411], it has been demonstrated numerically that a long-range
disorder potential in semiconductor quantum wells can be reconstructed reliably
via single-photon interferometry of spontaneously emitted light.
In the present paper, a simplified analytical model of independent two-level
systems is presented in order to study the reconstruction procedure in more
detail. With the help of this model, the measured photon correlations can be
calculated analytically and the influence of parameters such as the disorder
length scale, the wavelength of the used light, or the spotsize can be
investigated systematically. Furthermore, the relation between the proposed
angle-resolved single-photon correlations and the disorder potential can be
understood and the measured signal is expected to be closely related to the
characteristic strength and length scale of the disorder.
| cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.str-el | in a recent publication phys rev lett 97 227402 2006 condmat0611411 it has been demonstrated numerically that a longrange disorder potential in semiconductor quantum wells can be reconstructed reliably via singlephoton interferometry of spontaneously emitted light in the present paper a simplified analytical model of independent twolevel systems is presented in order to study the reconstruction procedure in more detail with the help of this model the measured photon correlations can be calculated analytically and the influence of parameters such as the disorder length scale the wavelength of the used light or the spotsize can be investigated systematically furthermore the relation between the proposed angleresolved singlephoton correlations and the disorder potential can be understood and the measured signal is expected to be closely related to the characteristic strength and length scale of the disorder | [['in', 'a', 'recent', 'publication', 'phys', 'rev', 'lett', '97', '227402', '2006', 'condmat0611411', 'it', 'has', 'been', 'demonstrated', 'numerically', 'that', 'a', 'longrange', 'disorder', 'potential', 'in', 'semiconductor', 'quantum', 'wells', 'can', 'be', 'reconstructed', 'reliably', 'via', 'singlephoton', 'interferometry', 'of', 'spontaneously', 'emitted', 'light', 'in', 'the', 'present', 'paper', 'a', 'simplified', 'analytical', 'model', 'of', 'independent', 'twolevel', 'systems', 'is', 'presented', 'in', 'order', 'to', 'study', 'the', 'reconstruction', 'procedure', 'in', 'more', 'detail', 'with', 'the', 'help', 'of', 'this', 'model', 'the', 'measured', 'photon', 'correlations', 'can', 'be', 'calculated', 'analytically', 'and', 'the', 'influence', 'of', 'parameters', 'such', 'as', 'the', 'disorder', 'length', 'scale', 'the', 'wavelength', 'of', 'the', 'used', 'light', 'or', 'the', 'spotsize', 'can', 'be', 'investigated', 'systematically', 'furthermore', 'the', 'relation', 'between', 'the', 'proposed', 'angleresolved', 'singlephoton', 'correlations', 'and', 'the', 'disorder', 'potential', 'can', 'be', 'understood', 'and', 'the', 'measured', 'signal', 'is', 'expected', 'to', 'be', 'closely', 'related', 'to', 'the', 'characteristic', 'strength', 'and', 'length', 'scale', 'of', 'the', 'disorder']] | [-0.09928710911701659, 0.17811500937078203, -0.09209969579883777, 0.06579593213422358, 0.007975412596186454, -0.14451194376063844, 0.02195775214755541, 0.39535218390466814, -0.24744889244991072, -0.326777464576122, 0.012986523773923347, -0.28141993220638006, -0.16095724547542914, 0.19032130380307508, -0.02348183837338266, 0.08628958411811088, 0.006912207590754737, -0.012167515600043716, -0.04175704513556522, -0.24148704583587294, 0.22917291596108538, 0.11137316246414698, 0.30513818650929764, 0.11875744947500413, 0.03326085445852103, 0.017261404628780754, 0.007739562805826691, 0.046203866470464025, -0.12736919482978754, 0.04553855742525422, 0.23779361112269037, 0.030333471675365934, 0.2051586281741038, -0.41312790701560903, -0.2427930919608722, 0.1079903295842197, 0.16314507201737302, 0.15205726519960797, -0.01689280130934397, -0.3514586536171423, 0.05187437345210293, -0.17858501558304962, -0.13957966165617108, -0.06233235270800916, 0.034274083696249305, 0.0188532534415241, -0.25481815273506625, 0.11126124690583145, -0.0017832434863190758, 0.03952655030562627, 0.010671002342309239, -0.02057213591637485, -0.029218775055293616, 0.07844458627479264, 0.020270707734033003, 0.05440256709698588, 0.13063057612232637, -0.07354880761968988, -0.1228960160691658, 0.36311162096645794, -0.08020394746034237, -0.18121263146344008, 0.15385377234214861, -0.14604143371495107, -0.05018173457320892, 0.11665719724965817, 0.1711880303037381, 0.1194749163943484, -0.18834261787406198, 0.06334660898816462, -0.011821150818529228, 0.21800260733862437, 0.058276949051739364, 0.10095595480754238, 0.1915489752586423, 0.1655342093453686, -0.05886572360935988, 0.14819705733591973, -0.13013063378688952, -0.06863907558638885, -0.2573387676172636, -0.13440998802825838, -0.23120201105308352, 0.051555664292677786, -0.03699453541202908, -0.1028385557989223, 0.4394631376489997, 0.19886878936438623, 0.1940921857198136, -0.023459632103119722, 0.25917876874463575, 0.1705219252378976, 0.059216828307729556, 0.022087540235864282, 0.31331061383455316, 0.15588435252147698, 0.07692042133192334, -0.2599001797445288, 0.06767540929616768, -0.01682634394665277] |
708.2486 | Microlensing under Shear | We investigate the distortions due to this shear in the microlensing light
curves and in the astrometric microlensing centroid shift trajectories. As
expected, the light curve deviation increases as the shear increases and the
impact parameter decreases. Although the light curve in the presence of a small
shear is similar to the simple Paczynski curve with a slightly smaller impact
parameter, the detailed difference between the light curve with and without
shear reflects the direction and the magnitude of the shear. The centroid shift
trajectory also deviates from a simple ellipse in the presence of shear. The
distortion of the centroid shift trajectory increases as the impact parameter
decreases, and the shape of the trajectory becomes complicated when the impact
parameter becomes small enough. The magnitude of the maximum distortion depends
on the magnitude and the direction of the shear. For a source trajectory in a
given direction, the time of the maximum distortion depends mostly on the
impact parameter and hardly on the shear. It is possible to determine the
magnitude of the shear and its direction if both the time and the magnitude of
the maximum astrometric distortion are measured. The magnitude of the shear
produced by the Galactic bulge or a globular cluster falls in the range
10^{-6}--10^{-4} in normalized units. Although the actual determination of the
shear from the Galactic sub-structures will not be easy due to complications
such as binary companion, future large scale microlensing experiments may
enable us to determine the shear in some high amplification events, leading
eventually to mapping the Galactic mass distribution.
| astro-ph | we investigate the distortions due to this shear in the microlensing light curves and in the astrometric microlensing centroid shift trajectories as expected the light curve deviation increases as the shear increases and the impact parameter decreases although the light curve in the presence of a small shear is similar to the simple paczynski curve with a slightly smaller impact parameter the detailed difference between the light curve with and without shear reflects the direction and the magnitude of the shear the centroid shift trajectory also deviates from a simple ellipse in the presence of shear the distortion of the centroid shift trajectory increases as the impact parameter decreases and the shape of the trajectory becomes complicated when the impact parameter becomes small enough the magnitude of the maximum distortion depends on the magnitude and the direction of the shear for a source trajectory in a given direction the time of the maximum distortion depends mostly on the impact parameter and hardly on the shear it is possible to determine the magnitude of the shear and its direction if both the time and the magnitude of the maximum astrometric distortion are measured the magnitude of the shear produced by the galactic bulge or a globular cluster falls in the range 106104 in normalized units although the actual determination of the shear from the galactic substructures will not be easy due to complications such as binary companion future large scale microlensing experiments may enable us to determine the shear in some high amplification events leading eventually to mapping the galactic mass distribution | [['we', 'investigate', 'the', 'distortions', 'due', 'to', 'this', 'shear', 'in', 'the', 'microlensing', 'light', 'curves', 'and', 'in', 'the', 'astrometric', 'microlensing', 'centroid', 'shift', 'trajectories', 'as', 'expected', 'the', 'light', 'curve', 'deviation', 'increases', 'as', 'the', 'shear', 'increases', 'and', 'the', 'impact', 'parameter', 'decreases', 'although', 'the', 'light', 'curve', 'in', 'the', 'presence', 'of', 'a', 'small', 'shear', 'is', 'similar', 'to', 'the', 'simple', 'paczynski', 'curve', 'with', 'a', 'slightly', 'smaller', 'impact', 'parameter', 'the', 'detailed', 'difference', 'between', 'the', 'light', 'curve', 'with', 'and', 'without', 'shear', 'reflects', 'the', 'direction', 'and', 'the', 'magnitude', 'of', 'the', 'shear', 'the', 'centroid', 'shift', 'trajectory', 'also', 'deviates', 'from', 'a', 'simple', 'ellipse', 'in', 'the', 'presence', 'of', 'shear', 'the', 'distortion', 'of', 'the', 'centroid', 'shift', 'trajectory', 'increases', 'as', 'the', 'impact', 'parameter', 'decreases', 'and', 'the', 'shape', 'of', 'the', 'trajectory', 'becomes', 'complicated', 'when', 'the', 'impact', 'parameter', 'becomes', 'small', 'enough', 'the', 'magnitude', 'of', 'the', 'maximum', 'distortion', 'depends', 'on', 'the', 'magnitude', 'and', 'the', 'direction', 'of', 'the', 'shear', 'for', 'a', 'source', 'trajectory', 'in', 'a', 'given', 'direction', 'the', 'time', 'of', 'the', 'maximum', 'distortion', 'depends', 'mostly', 'on', 'the', 'impact', 'parameter', 'and', 'hardly', 'on', 'the', 'shear', 'it', 'is', 'possible', 'to', 'determine', 'the', 'magnitude', 'of', 'the', 'shear', 'and', 'its', 'direction', 'if', 'both', 'the', 'time', 'and', 'the', 'magnitude', 'of', 'the', 'maximum', 'astrometric', 'distortion', 'are', 'measured', 'the', 'magnitude', 'of', 'the', 'shear', 'produced', 'by', 'the', 'galactic', 'bulge', 'or', 'a', 'globular', 'cluster', 'falls', 'in', 'the', 'range', '106104', 'in', 'normalized', 'units', 'although', 'the', 'actual', 'determination', 'of', 'the', 'shear', 'from', 'the', 'galactic', 'substructures', 'will', 'not', 'be', 'easy', 'due', 'to', 'complications', 'such', 'as', 'binary', 'companion', 'future', 'large', 'scale', 'microlensing', 'experiments', 'may', 'enable', 'us', 'to', 'determine', 'the', 'shear', 'in', 'some', 'high', 'amplification', 'events', 'leading', 'eventually', 'to', 'mapping', 'the', 'galactic', 'mass', 'distribution']] | [-0.14548042962520286, 0.14350788956204735, -0.09237712876999686, 0.05313172999687379, -0.1120366515534648, -0.026772773821955954, 0.05975118901766123, 0.3353632712929413, -0.31935670998632565, -0.31964398508622055, 0.09058034908021105, -0.29942830231297635, -0.07416383890431531, 0.23221909095019358, -0.05293613926139999, 0.020501702108422216, 0.05262166854276026, 0.038243713807867716, -0.08937661003315164, -0.21610750172419252, 0.26440808275077576, 0.10613374340337241, 0.2714105303839948, 0.042761545464168105, 0.06967947437335162, 0.024436438844228785, -0.05133208702139956, 0.05528843077791719, -0.15122228370115456, 0.04359078840120656, 0.15433071205799265, 0.08061240488748955, 0.2061052017941557, -0.33302727712664426, -0.2021236703798025, 0.13988986735185788, 0.14572125681367315, 0.11252359317109824, -0.01802914150833541, -0.22769271374913824, 0.0503671044147916, -0.12776920487711713, -0.16427187281000602, 0.02797762806156215, 0.05612110213458652, 0.06133288616079024, -0.21476644816651397, 0.14691651783608367, 0.02271689820996311, 0.06299408999096845, -0.07799786929142843, -0.08601100476265981, -0.057720246955830876, 0.11566907800504335, 0.11812681871933783, 0.10517712548318037, 0.18356984560966663, -0.15311821110072008, -0.0038219880797968056, 0.43580166032088213, -0.07659969707572711, -0.14359382411529278, 0.131319776298728, -0.2054503005964974, -0.08032724109263752, 0.15656350504863878, 0.20496849781499954, 0.08858547186263983, -0.07406301059523977, 0.01819255552499937, 0.058428434523043735, 0.20084043034134696, 0.0636401880805477, 0.005542422284843165, 0.25344414805027327, 0.13271252954623153, 0.11240684890662858, 0.1421554618924535, -0.22107253876386274, -0.05559939698970045, -0.28181404620587425, -0.099638265106199, -0.13980494584831127, 0.007679292233270536, -0.17269809824503535, -0.1643512228689374, 0.4029167557591965, 0.12061807633176004, 0.26629804342296476, 0.03165217737345671, 0.3301799672145496, 0.11721714570854301, 0.08726020579376183, 0.056164410263228576, 0.37768251161856875, 0.11453757643292861, 0.07215414517755367, -0.27738289488122664, 0.13761572630976066, -0.008311113866288715] |
708.2487 | Thermal correction to the Casimir force, radiative heat transfer, and an
experiment | The low-temperature asymptotic expressions for the Casimir interaction
between two real metals described by Leontovich surface impedance are obtained
in the framework of thermal quantum field theory. It is shown that the Casimir
entropy computed using the impedance of infrared optics vanishes in the limit
of zero temperature. By contrast, the Casimir entropy computed using the
impedance of the Drude model attains at zero temperature a positive value which
depends on the parameters of a system, i.e., the Nernst heat theorem is
violated. Thus, the impedance of infrared optics withstands the thermodynamic
test, whereas the impedance of the Drude model does not. We also perform a
phenomenological analysis of the thermal Casimir force and of the radiative
heat transfer through a vacuum gap between real metal plates. The
characterization of a metal by means of the Leontovich impedance of the Drude
model is shown to be inconsistent with experiment at separations of a few
hundred nanometers. A modification of the impedance of infrared optics is
suggested taking into account relaxation processes. The power of radiative heat
transfer predicted from this impedance is several times less than previous
predictions due to different contributions from the transverse electric
evanescent waves. The physical meaning of low frequencies in the Lifshitz
formula is discussed. It is concluded that new measurements of radiative heat
transfer are required to find out the adequate description of a metal in the
theory of electromagnetic fluctuations.
| quant-ph cond-mat.stat-mech hep-th | the lowtemperature asymptotic expressions for the casimir interaction between two real metals described by leontovich surface impedance are obtained in the framework of thermal quantum field theory it is shown that the casimir entropy computed using the impedance of infrared optics vanishes in the limit of zero temperature by contrast the casimir entropy computed using the impedance of the drude model attains at zero temperature a positive value which depends on the parameters of a system ie the nernst heat theorem is violated thus the impedance of infrared optics withstands the thermodynamic test whereas the impedance of the drude model does not we also perform a phenomenological analysis of the thermal casimir force and of the radiative heat transfer through a vacuum gap between real metal plates the characterization of a metal by means of the leontovich impedance of the drude model is shown to be inconsistent with experiment at separations of a few hundred nanometers a modification of the impedance of infrared optics is suggested taking into account relaxation processes the power of radiative heat transfer predicted from this impedance is several times less than previous predictions due to different contributions from the transverse electric evanescent waves the physical meaning of low frequencies in the lifshitz formula is discussed it is concluded that new measurements of radiative heat transfer are required to find out the adequate description of a metal in the theory of electromagnetic fluctuations | [['the', 'lowtemperature', 'asymptotic', 'expressions', 'for', 'the', 'casimir', 'interaction', 'between', 'two', 'real', 'metals', 'described', 'by', 'leontovich', 'surface', 'impedance', 'are', 'obtained', 'in', 'the', 'framework', 'of', 'thermal', 'quantum', 'field', 'theory', 'it', 'is', 'shown', 'that', 'the', 'casimir', 'entropy', 'computed', 'using', 'the', 'impedance', 'of', 'infrared', 'optics', 'vanishes', 'in', 'the', 'limit', 'of', 'zero', 'temperature', 'by', 'contrast', 'the', 'casimir', 'entropy', 'computed', 'using', 'the', 'impedance', 'of', 'the', 'drude', 'model', 'attains', 'at', 'zero', 'temperature', 'a', 'positive', 'value', 'which', 'depends', 'on', 'the', 'parameters', 'of', 'a', 'system', 'ie', 'the', 'nernst', 'heat', 'theorem', 'is', 'violated', 'thus', 'the', 'impedance', 'of', 'infrared', 'optics', 'withstands', 'the', 'thermodynamic', 'test', 'whereas', 'the', 'impedance', 'of', 'the', 'drude', 'model', 'does', 'not', 'we', 'also', 'perform', 'a', 'phenomenological', 'analysis', 'of', 'the', 'thermal', 'casimir', 'force', 'and', 'of', 'the', 'radiative', 'heat', 'transfer', 'through', 'a', 'vacuum', 'gap', 'between', 'real', 'metal', 'plates', 'the', 'characterization', 'of', 'a', 'metal', 'by', 'means', 'of', 'the', 'leontovich', 'impedance', 'of', 'the', 'drude', 'model', 'is', 'shown', 'to', 'be', 'inconsistent', 'with', 'experiment', 'at', 'separations', 'of', 'a', 'few', 'hundred', 'nanometers', 'a', 'modification', 'of', 'the', 'impedance', 'of', 'infrared', 'optics', 'is', 'suggested', 'taking', 'into', 'account', 'relaxation', 'processes', 'the', 'power', 'of', 'radiative', 'heat', 'transfer', 'predicted', 'from', 'this', 'impedance', 'is', 'several', 'times', 'less', 'than', 'previous', 'predictions', 'due', 'to', 'different', 'contributions', 'from', 'the', 'transverse', 'electric', 'evanescent', 'waves', 'the', 'physical', 'meaning', 'of', 'low', 'frequencies', 'in', 'the', 'lifshitz', 'formula', 'is', 'discussed', 'it', 'is', 'concluded', 'that', 'new', 'measurements', 'of', 'radiative', 'heat', 'transfer', 'are', 'required', 'to', 'find', 'out', 'the', 'adequate', 'description', 'of', 'a', 'metal', 'in', 'the', 'theory', 'of', 'electromagnetic', 'fluctuations']] | [-0.11367316547555767, 0.1443108671432251, -0.09557378459093063, 0.02562147015725353, -0.046936014055113315, -0.13420091678274457, 0.030139190282373992, 0.33846581227417233, -0.21810610396866117, -0.27402561124539954, 0.03498572664421822, -0.31012458989656044, -0.11018148067167602, 0.2415114282001643, 0.01717787759254769, 0.06771188478461046, -0.007897382923342947, 0.034699297854912624, -0.08487902134941805, -0.13609210389395116, 0.30918486139497364, 0.07237627373110377, 0.2978217757802126, 0.1075699596394655, 0.08264947967517351, -0.029165836008862918, 0.00034095606086814956, 0.037579586352653925, -0.12629275469858256, 0.05999400933717185, 0.23287732499766553, -0.01040972305858657, 0.21072717212221118, -0.42707527118424576, -0.2541374356647018, 0.04751113089752474, 0.07091497249296132, 0.1073862912053761, -0.015319444276962257, -0.20223693370245366, 0.01866512405509247, -0.14409950509557368, -0.11853925814804962, -0.04416309427745043, -0.010159024857240042, -0.03886862799234468, -0.26939796697041846, 0.11663289049152532, 0.05362851930122021, 0.06449279426852485, -0.08395350262628798, -0.12409672562478952, -0.039860993932209564, 0.10011119701219762, 0.058703927955401566, -0.013150827185533752, 0.18327516087975337, -0.1463800153630208, -0.04746053275212111, 0.3666713041634562, -0.0838829509068191, -0.15577189792694232, 0.17329675948762094, -0.18885223030501716, 0.020568522455697322, 0.16820140785187923, 0.09458425119597827, 0.10705408523508096, -0.18890978543496523, 0.09844754557391135, 0.012634504081500608, 0.1621868071521589, 0.09888812385986752, 0.022174641568575227, 0.2398960852331407, 0.15337060522366677, -0.01598157311145232, 0.17466419295433375, -0.07828870078488372, -0.04849241303283926, -0.3310557039973291, -0.15501875174919513, -0.25097829968185176, 0.09653455746918377, -0.10040358302096507, -0.2027769287002375, 0.35517399763012547, 0.16325039083908316, 0.1790549669273292, 0.017039907801963138, 0.34139878991480427, 0.17308903009216164, 0.09728214862257369, 0.0522459894241883, 0.30875715241229107, 0.19407577042955165, 0.14706910975308862, -0.3125376431143721, 0.018321811441599316, 0.05702364487663886] |
708.2488 | An intuitive approach to inertial forces and the centrifugal force
paradox in general relativity | As the velocity of a rocket in a circular orbit near a black hole increases,
the outwardly directed rocket thrust must increase to keep the rocket in its
orbit. This feature might appear paradoxical from a Newtonian viewpoint, but we
show that it follows naturally from the equivalence principle together with
special relativity and a few general features of black holes. We also derive a
general relativistic formalism of inertial forces for reference frames with
acceleration and rotation. The resulting equation relates the real experienced
forces to the time derivative of the speed and the spatial curvature of the
particle trajectory relative to the reference frame. We show that an observer
who follows the path taken by a free (geodesic) photon will experience a force
perpendicular to the direction of motion that is independent of the observers
velocity. We apply our approach to resolve the submarine paradox, which regards
whether a submerged submarine in a balanced state of rest will sink or float
when given a horizontal velocity if we take relativistic effects into account.
We extend earlier treatments of this topic to include spherical oceans and show
that for the case of the Earth the submarine floats upward if we take the
curvature of the ocean into account.
| gr-qc | as the velocity of a rocket in a circular orbit near a black hole increases the outwardly directed rocket thrust must increase to keep the rocket in its orbit this feature might appear paradoxical from a newtonian viewpoint but we show that it follows naturally from the equivalence principle together with special relativity and a few general features of black holes we also derive a general relativistic formalism of inertial forces for reference frames with acceleration and rotation the resulting equation relates the real experienced forces to the time derivative of the speed and the spatial curvature of the particle trajectory relative to the reference frame we show that an observer who follows the path taken by a free geodesic photon will experience a force perpendicular to the direction of motion that is independent of the observers velocity we apply our approach to resolve the submarine paradox which regards whether a submerged submarine in a balanced state of rest will sink or float when given a horizontal velocity if we take relativistic effects into account we extend earlier treatments of this topic to include spherical oceans and show that for the case of the earth the submarine floats upward if we take the curvature of the ocean into account | [['as', 'the', 'velocity', 'of', 'a', 'rocket', 'in', 'a', 'circular', 'orbit', 'near', 'a', 'black', 'hole', 'increases', 'the', 'outwardly', 'directed', 'rocket', 'thrust', 'must', 'increase', 'to', 'keep', 'the', 'rocket', 'in', 'its', 'orbit', 'this', 'feature', 'might', 'appear', 'paradoxical', 'from', 'a', 'newtonian', 'viewpoint', 'but', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'it', 'follows', 'naturally', 'from', 'the', 'equivalence', 'principle', 'together', 'with', 'special', 'relativity', 'and', 'a', 'few', 'general', 'features', 'of', 'black', 'holes', 'we', 'also', 'derive', 'a', 'general', 'relativistic', 'formalism', 'of', 'inertial', 'forces', 'for', 'reference', 'frames', 'with', 'acceleration', 'and', 'rotation', 'the', 'resulting', 'equation', 'relates', 'the', 'real', 'experienced', 'forces', 'to', 'the', 'time', 'derivative', 'of', 'the', 'speed', 'and', 'the', 'spatial', 'curvature', 'of', 'the', 'particle', 'trajectory', 'relative', 'to', 'the', 'reference', 'frame', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'an', 'observer', 'who', 'follows', 'the', 'path', 'taken', 'by', 'a', 'free', 'geodesic', 'photon', 'will', 'experience', 'a', 'force', 'perpendicular', 'to', 'the', 'direction', 'of', 'motion', 'that', 'is', 'independent', 'of', 'the', 'observers', 'velocity', 'we', 'apply', 'our', 'approach', 'to', 'resolve', 'the', 'submarine', 'paradox', 'which', 'regards', 'whether', 'a', 'submerged', 'submarine', 'in', 'a', 'balanced', 'state', 'of', 'rest', 'will', 'sink', 'or', 'float', 'when', 'given', 'a', 'horizontal', 'velocity', 'if', 'we', 'take', 'relativistic', 'effects', 'into', 'account', 'we', 'extend', 'earlier', 'treatments', 'of', 'this', 'topic', 'to', 'include', 'spherical', 'oceans', 'and', 'show', 'that', 'for', 'the', 'case', 'of', 'the', 'earth', 'the', 'submarine', 'floats', 'upward', 'if', 'we', 'take', 'the', 'curvature', 'of', 'the', 'ocean', 'into', 'account']] | [-0.11948992000808092, 0.16762790155468082, -0.1381717381865771, 0.053128952156300056, -0.11620119286692171, -0.10565326488064379, 0.013799991202429293, 0.3578728465530487, -0.2766867046006042, -0.27808918813065264, 0.04914973387728628, -0.264079346311497, -0.09102216691255534, 0.1895658682667512, -0.11465763986477201, -0.00022887003287209564, 0.09534571233871683, 0.0738515151173331, -0.046769099893788114, -0.1777765157645898, 0.28986370517275156, 0.08046339255753174, 0.2105546313845976, 0.03474334090876807, 0.16297083248887834, 0.015089920149340727, -0.019819967794058282, 0.08834581198750073, -0.12308146215323025, 0.06353134103564982, 0.1734478610287015, 0.10077031445435362, 0.27576885646672555, -0.4482945844834073, -0.2327160400084474, 0.07043288189262757, 0.1002055014701979, 0.14118805100069645, -0.04590172675476102, -0.28294171423553244, 0.02501993181415651, -0.19018872760895764, -0.19409250382904372, 0.017318670582761497, 0.0579581440762844, 0.01801641178250527, -0.21344789542017156, 0.07616209680240704, 0.11713100464488341, 0.0034238338987365295, -0.11455686743043667, -0.043085570117953324, -0.03717060604925896, 0.1433780991314809, 0.1116069960575016, 0.041364973357490946, 0.1716763084959328, -0.08292177309946082, -0.057713594893661985, 0.4491461566916743, -0.06664822622743752, -0.2065390858834868, 0.1532113539972944, -0.19274175765870682, -0.06876199185454429, 0.11759456588973398, 0.20313413449647752, 0.11622684449625857, -0.1143278377791382, 0.028114612108992153, -0.03910893031605408, 0.13787235184093607, 0.10870391515871225, -0.04597974398549931, 0.27957788816616014, 0.09138592716716408, 0.09141932814671662, 0.11699591057250303, -0.12531038442778103, -0.09456318677191368, -0.32156362304348124, -0.18425922274229778, -0.12649081678477309, 0.05603816757049929, -0.07032817514511895, -0.14432085631415248, 0.3419467507366929, 0.15620925469863178, 0.180840607536745, 0.04698137886227336, 0.3226269888678549, 0.08252706940276949, 0.05333668223813925, 0.10901059525568733, 0.306358454490535, 0.10272891946364213, 0.1268939709482474, -0.22223658658537354, 0.011141136682728243, 0.06999022206826287] |
708.2489 | AB Levitrons and their Applications to Earth's Motionless Satellites | Author offers the new and distinctly revolutionary method of levitation in
artificial magnetic field. It is shown that a very big space station and small
satellites may be suspended over the Earth's surface and used as motionless
radio-TV translators, telecommunication boosters, absolute geographic position
locators, personal and mass entertainment and as planet-observation platforms.
Presented here is the theory of big AB artificial magnetic field and levitation
in it is generally developed. Computation of three macro-projects: space
station at altitude 100 km, TV-communication antenna at height 500 m, and
multi-path magnetic highway.
Key words: levitation, AB Levitrons, motionless space satellite.
| physics.gen-ph physics.space-ph | author offers the new and distinctly revolutionary method of levitation in artificial magnetic field it is shown that a very big space station and small satellites may be suspended over the earths surface and used as motionless radiotv translators telecommunication boosters absolute geographic position locators personal and mass entertainment and as planetobservation platforms presented here is the theory of big ab artificial magnetic field and levitation in it is generally developed computation of three macroprojects space station at altitude 100 km tvcommunication antenna at height 500 m and multipath magnetic highway key words levitation ab levitrons motionless space satellite | [['author', 'offers', 'the', 'new', 'and', 'distinctly', 'revolutionary', 'method', 'of', 'levitation', 'in', 'artificial', 'magnetic', 'field', 'it', 'is', 'shown', 'that', 'a', 'very', 'big', 'space', 'station', 'and', 'small', 'satellites', 'may', 'be', 'suspended', 'over', 'the', 'earths', 'surface', 'and', 'used', 'as', 'motionless', 'radiotv', 'translators', 'telecommunication', 'boosters', 'absolute', 'geographic', 'position', 'locators', 'personal', 'and', 'mass', 'entertainment', 'and', 'as', 'planetobservation', 'platforms', 'presented', 'here', 'is', 'the', 'theory', 'of', 'big', 'ab', 'artificial', 'magnetic', 'field', 'and', 'levitation', 'in', 'it', 'is', 'generally', 'developed', 'computation', 'of', 'three', 'macroprojects', 'space', 'station', 'at', 'altitude', '100', 'km', 'tvcommunication', 'antenna', 'at', 'height', '500', 'm', 'and', 'multipath', 'magnetic', 'highway', 'key', 'words', 'levitation', 'ab', 'levitrons', 'motionless', 'space', 'satellite']] | [-0.16296274197214333, 0.20078702540087856, -0.03465065765929849, 0.06953981354416004, -0.07938325607438425, -0.14717366715501012, 0.03763455956757657, 0.41111705346327077, -0.25865662960629715, -0.3573348405868991, 0.054045461797106426, -0.2759262156035555, -0.1269780456725704, 0.2490061963840976, -0.08689869834925049, 0.01617955960529415, 0.04136406341077466, 0.0342026134009326, 0.03397424234028317, -0.21789290390320515, 0.24651482531212662, 0.08535330409282132, 0.2944622701082967, 0.04021803941087503, 0.12523711753126823, -0.027065004222095013, 0.011210126718996388, -0.008277198403620309, -0.08734463602281482, 0.08509210986820491, 0.27311108331931266, 0.11386682679386516, 0.2570711037830303, -0.42527174732010614, -0.20389565752917213, 0.04233944789586148, 0.12955555869021307, 0.03877679280152446, -0.04165695540018772, -0.30944429339939045, 0.06823644896258453, -0.18979591787057487, -0.1590850663910571, -0.010116615434066932, 0.09594029739352042, 0.003187758623818426, -0.2189206968576304, -0.048749509412109066, -0.02057265172418403, 0.16188923080794906, -0.09325165090298182, -0.12384378109127284, -0.017005268886293237, 0.11193711941473578, 0.03159186503065652, 0.08802966276967997, 0.20862616493709776, -0.05475477891925134, -0.036590513459553844, 0.41480300391190933, -0.08196906592500837, -0.08262854679242561, 0.18250746495874698, -0.14892633392622595, -0.05045731267646739, 0.13835753734762732, 0.1880749459304896, 0.06597220751113797, -0.1245128169361698, 0.06950052381542168, -0.03472255658554403, 0.1362400121986866, 0.15275280707956929, 0.015718125890156157, 0.26408428171355475, 0.21146299988031386, 0.13977728975495618, -0.0006699571496267852, -0.19959490205112257, -0.07185521217332663, -0.19574949678621795, -0.191701874100162, -0.2053266395177496, 0.013180641298133292, -0.07938490002553934, -0.1380633637808435, 0.29786857606254913, 0.15085669172266009, 0.08845538275414391, -0.025509182089253474, 0.3769771658276257, 0.002097649953181022, 0.10694181656366901, 0.10360009432249506, 0.20521662240651878, 0.11187350880354643, 0.19046424734528716, -0.1598459329407074, 0.02797309457765598, 0.0018155061345743505] |
708.249 | Gyroscope precession in special and general relativity from basic
principles | In special relativity a gyroscope that is suspended in a torque-free manner
will precess as it is moved along a curved path relative to an inertial frame
S. We explain this effect, which is known as Thomas precession, by considering
a real grid that moves along with the gyroscope, and that by definition is not
rotating as observed from its own momentary inertial rest frame. From the basic
properties of the Lorentz transformation we deduce how the form and rotation of
the grid (and hence the gyroscope) will evolve relative to S. As an
intermediate step we consider how the grid would appear if it were not length
contracted along the direction of motion. We show that the uncontracted grid
obeys a simple law of rotation. This law simplifies the analysis of spin
precession compared to more traditional approaches based on Fermi transport. We
also consider gyroscope precession relative to an accelerated reference frame
and show that there are extra precession effects that can be explained in a way
analogous to the Thomas precession. Although fully relativistically correct,
the entire analysis is carried out using three-vectors. By using the
equivalence principle the formalism can also be applied to static spacetimes in
general relativity. As an example, we calculate the precession of a gyroscope
orbiting a static black hole. In an addendum the general reasoning is extended
to include also rotating reference frames.
| gr-qc | in special relativity a gyroscope that is suspended in a torquefree manner will precess as it is moved along a curved path relative to an inertial frame s we explain this effect which is known as thomas precession by considering a real grid that moves along with the gyroscope and that by definition is not rotating as observed from its own momentary inertial rest frame from the basic properties of the lorentz transformation we deduce how the form and rotation of the grid and hence the gyroscope will evolve relative to s as an intermediate step we consider how the grid would appear if it were not length contracted along the direction of motion we show that the uncontracted grid obeys a simple law of rotation this law simplifies the analysis of spin precession compared to more traditional approaches based on fermi transport we also consider gyroscope precession relative to an accelerated reference frame and show that there are extra precession effects that can be explained in a way analogous to the thomas precession although fully relativistically correct the entire analysis is carried out using threevectors by using the equivalence principle the formalism can also be applied to static spacetimes in general relativity as an example we calculate the precession of a gyroscope orbiting a static black hole in an addendum the general reasoning is extended to include also rotating reference frames | [['in', 'special', 'relativity', 'a', 'gyroscope', 'that', 'is', 'suspended', 'in', 'a', 'torquefree', 'manner', 'will', 'precess', 'as', 'it', 'is', 'moved', 'along', 'a', 'curved', 'path', 'relative', 'to', 'an', 'inertial', 'frame', 's', 'we', 'explain', 'this', 'effect', 'which', 'is', 'known', 'as', 'thomas', 'precession', 'by', 'considering', 'a', 'real', 'grid', 'that', 'moves', 'along', 'with', 'the', 'gyroscope', 'and', 'that', 'by', 'definition', 'is', 'not', 'rotating', 'as', 'observed', 'from', 'its', 'own', 'momentary', 'inertial', 'rest', 'frame', 'from', 'the', 'basic', 'properties', 'of', 'the', 'lorentz', 'transformation', 'we', 'deduce', 'how', 'the', 'form', 'and', 'rotation', 'of', 'the', 'grid', 'and', 'hence', 'the', 'gyroscope', 'will', 'evolve', 'relative', 'to', 's', 'as', 'an', 'intermediate', 'step', 'we', 'consider', 'how', 'the', 'grid', 'would', 'appear', 'if', 'it', 'were', 'not', 'length', 'contracted', 'along', 'the', 'direction', 'of', 'motion', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'uncontracted', 'grid', 'obeys', 'a', 'simple', 'law', 'of', 'rotation', 'this', 'law', 'simplifies', 'the', 'analysis', 'of', 'spin', 'precession', 'compared', 'to', 'more', 'traditional', 'approaches', 'based', 'on', 'fermi', 'transport', 'we', 'also', 'consider', 'gyroscope', 'precession', 'relative', 'to', 'an', 'accelerated', 'reference', 'frame', 'and', 'show', 'that', 'there', 'are', 'extra', 'precession', 'effects', 'that', 'can', 'be', 'explained', 'in', 'a', 'way', 'analogous', 'to', 'the', 'thomas', 'precession', 'although', 'fully', 'relativistically', 'correct', 'the', 'entire', 'analysis', 'is', 'carried', 'out', 'using', 'threevectors', 'by', 'using', 'the', 'equivalence', 'principle', 'the', 'formalism', 'can', 'also', 'be', 'applied', 'to', 'static', 'spacetimes', 'in', 'general', 'relativity', 'as', 'an', 'example', 'we', 'calculate', 'the', 'precession', 'of', 'a', 'gyroscope', 'orbiting', 'a', 'static', 'black', 'hole', 'in', 'an', 'addendum', 'the', 'general', 'reasoning', 'is', 'extended', 'to', 'include', 'also', 'rotating', 'reference', 'frames']] | [-0.13648786183581124, 0.1357928252192982, -0.12166902801179495, 0.0602820624240096, -0.11198123058420606, -0.14268664087787078, -0.001035473849383536, 0.38638417982970014, -0.2707765479170685, -0.2811324573523397, 0.05358517560696406, -0.23817252469397598, -0.09538083036273622, 0.22542138313091808, -0.11526762423555142, -0.023074648636824787, 0.03932588568844447, 0.06443254531216647, -0.08593545095585607, -0.16846408964343498, 0.2770970722837052, 0.10618901270811029, 0.23596675288642693, -0.03711615869642942, 0.10589764268410488, 0.030821111286059022, 0.0008120779523872851, 0.08814766965726198, -0.095793858518689, 0.0572023745024063, 0.186281126909809, 0.0931416768841606, 0.2122821081730794, -0.41140802484708194, -0.1899502400312862, 0.025773950830876732, 0.1512797875590783, 0.17049400411345011, -0.049624300630527834, -0.27411961757802755, 0.046753998143309404, -0.22322725321182274, -0.17994570394612625, -0.07846409179559298, 0.08014462645274009, 0.012270462281745055, -0.2113512829311166, 0.05644177970973409, 0.12192493255983648, 0.03314272165378748, -0.09116168988613685, -0.02098111832586663, -0.01849212617400616, 0.11690357266644273, 0.09364821316758652, 0.07670645099454398, 0.17899402997512692, -0.022469262080166714, -0.12034674654995765, 0.44797244309929424, -0.09307093890373803, -0.2555447847056524, 0.13545528993337688, -0.17842198722064495, -0.08011485467632783, 0.07803100699424374, 0.1557885405952753, 0.14072846177021284, -0.155003405661836, 0.05044204551939339, -0.06660613010071442, 0.15426507993834093, 0.10858920985503637, -0.026190128154823845, 0.2751400987907769, 0.10089040880496934, 0.06630041130019576, 0.12260899931625945, -0.11417243933277044, -0.0898776190013701, -0.3373065838702665, -0.14079254447606532, -0.15517981144487217, 0.08102006015906227, -0.04980061261825352, -0.10997580197551449, 0.3423581244614666, 0.15537959276216812, 0.18656657794731316, 0.014051625125234593, 0.3157788338139653, 0.10377701758938954, 0.07794973460138487, 0.10240678168526662, 0.2896077473455205, 0.11649034641018731, 0.10670163646412628, -0.22901428027022308, 0.016554682004488282, 0.05894386195296679] |
708.2491 | On a general solution of the one-dimensional stationary Schrodinger
equation | The general solution of the one-dimensional stationary Schroedinger equation
in the form of a formal power series is considered. Its efficiency for
numerical analysis of initial value and boundary value problems is discussed.
| math-ph math.MP | the general solution of the onedimensional stationary schroedinger equation in the form of a formal power series is considered its efficiency for numerical analysis of initial value and boundary value problems is discussed | [['the', 'general', 'solution', 'of', 'the', 'onedimensional', 'stationary', 'schroedinger', 'equation', 'in', 'the', 'form', 'of', 'a', 'formal', 'power', 'series', 'is', 'considered', 'its', 'efficiency', 'for', 'numerical', 'analysis', 'of', 'initial', 'value', 'and', 'boundary', 'value', 'problems', 'is', 'discussed']] | [-0.1601709813500444, -0.028563833005274788, -0.07987271288804935, 0.02665216569562979, -0.0818609893321991, -0.11839673044442227, -0.012885467459758123, 0.2868149892398805, -0.26760201884264295, -0.20687761981830452, 0.18338857552699858, -0.28114352169249096, -0.0867383171324477, 0.2156662517086123, -0.005058520812202583, 0.17489869785177606, 0.09429430170690245, 0.06375080578480706, -0.08516656265904506, -0.19172568599495923, 0.33803339957287815, 0.031820762479169803, 0.2905162836241564, 0.0368654787483992, 0.08503958890496781, -0.06474250138765483, 0.012459347451416155, 0.032498282747286736, -0.1494510011803923, 0.07756192843909517, 0.23210788213393904, 0.10877011387580723, 0.33940234757734067, -0.40149482915347273, -0.2258416372210239, 0.06199487778499271, 0.10053696912346465, 0.06734847503178047, -0.0648623372456341, -0.24231695361209638, 0.08319330422885039, -0.14181976394276274, -0.24366639675854734, -0.042304100835639416, 0.07480412233395106, 0.051597724188909386, -0.3163587036119266, 0.1638496412585179, 0.03379435476028558, 0.00310491578597011, -0.16216267103851406, -0.10406547135348912, -0.006041818993363642, 0.065219792043508, 0.05730484035148314, -0.045517548340175185, 0.06369397427999612, -0.16212832216512074, -0.06646717294599071, 0.40173493562774226, -0.0463086800141768, -0.2861527352396286, 0.10755073109811003, -0.11252446314602187, -0.09469522847652886, 0.1115534243766557, 0.14329747206559687, 0.16012454188118377, -0.13608819892573537, 0.14761176719294974, -0.0439542589504554, 0.14374676698758831, 0.05382592414477558, -0.050948334947778756, 0.13742847746294556, 0.19417861456785238, 0.0768540126243324, 0.15463135188276117, 0.02339159872975539, -0.2057798204548431, -0.3700854337745995, -0.1749812692516681, -0.20940308148662248, 0.09395762639134332, -0.1360984259619286, -0.1991302197178205, 0.42706728785185877, 0.11103573650347465, 0.14165580865334382, 0.029493507449374054, 0.26595799331412173, 0.32047593057381385, -0.08299668524132083, 0.06187905297812187, 0.2105674541019129, 0.17297184111014235, 0.1578996424831337, -0.2465553399048407, 0.014077278489077633, 0.11528070769837183] |
708.2492 | Quasitriviality of the Forms of Segre Varieties | We prove the rationality of a $\k$-form $X$ of the product $S$ of projective
spaces provided the existence of a $\k$-point on $X$. The method of the proof
is to find a Galois-invariant birational projection of $S$ to the projective
space. This method also allows to prove the quasitriviality of the forms of the
hyperplane sections of some Segre varieties.
| math.AG | we prove the rationality of a kform x of the product s of projective spaces provided the existence of a kpoint on x the method of the proof is to find a galoisinvariant birational projection of s to the projective space this method also allows to prove the quasitriviality of the forms of the hyperplane sections of some segre varieties | [['we', 'prove', 'the', 'rationality', 'of', 'a', 'kform', 'x', 'of', 'the', 'product', 's', 'of', 'projective', 'spaces', 'provided', 'the', 'existence', 'of', 'a', 'kpoint', 'on', 'x', 'the', 'method', 'of', 'the', 'proof', 'is', 'to', 'find', 'a', 'galoisinvariant', 'birational', 'projection', 'of', 's', 'to', 'the', 'projective', 'space', 'this', 'method', 'also', 'allows', 'to', 'prove', 'the', 'quasitriviality', 'of', 'the', 'forms', 'of', 'the', 'hyperplane', 'sections', 'of', 'some', 'segre', 'varieties']] | [-0.2022924272925593, -0.018873416122126705, -0.12361227724080284, 0.04471563237796848, -0.032353219979753094, -0.07451193945016713, 0.050024730044727524, 0.3063336259685457, -0.3282321426396569, -0.16346982826168338, 0.0595650577355021, -0.23106583614935516, -0.10143005245675643, 0.20561044885156055, -0.11311881711396078, 0.013097537557284038, 0.023254634911427274, 0.08799955438201626, -0.16974719014639655, -0.3526844434129695, 0.45507180262356994, -0.06953278050447503, 0.22324235315124194, 0.09723755357166132, 0.1808645640965551, 0.03301237772684544, -0.007298747248326739, -0.057994740468469294, -0.14817044301889837, 0.20626029718356828, 0.2870071946953734, 0.13690205029367158, 0.20616532887021702, -0.32510333840424815, -0.11866553230211138, 0.2061719749045248, 0.07799388505518437, 0.021633402599642675, 0.029491985261362666, -0.27840797832856573, 0.06994548932028313, -0.10722920012194663, -0.18418753050888578, -0.0892522819340229, 0.047516015948106845, 0.05134889508287112, -0.2521188216283917, -0.05052001320727868, 0.1280652200182279, 0.08727487190626562, -0.0373424534695611, -0.09132497080912193, -0.12545117669117947, 0.015227641227344673, 0.013201918930280953, 0.06284630290077378, 0.07915933957168211, -0.05996989881775031, -0.09623442973631123, 0.3661105855057637, -0.031857067113742234, -0.22112923599779605, 0.10611607247653107, -0.20705251271526018, -0.12740791098525125, 0.1624430857152523, 0.11486717833516498, 0.21331056694810588, 0.012760261830408126, 0.18682863137995204, -0.15588697313020627, 0.08133847474430998, 0.07708864685458441, -0.01725724902935326, 0.07532447346796592, 0.11465857845420639, 0.1266247743430237, 0.12783746257579576, -0.07150408636080101, 0.013599475175336313, -0.41242155494789284, -0.28503131698817014, -0.13186578828220566, 0.16169196679256856, -0.12715559437250099, -0.18279404354592163, 0.396734307326066, 0.07163706007413566, 0.2506841528850297, 0.09204637097815672, 0.21830702074803413, 0.007320328060692797, 0.011789906482833127, 0.018434386925461392, 0.1608910117400228, 0.23148921749865015, -0.008165160869248211, -0.1448371325386688, 0.028702137200161813, 0.22186423999567825] |
708.2493 | Inertial forces and the foundations of optical geometry | Assuming a general timelike congruence of worldlines as a reference frame, we
derive a covariant general formalism of inertial forces in General Relativity.
Inspired by the works of Abramowicz et. al. (see e.g. Abramowicz and Lasota,
Class. Quantum Grav. 14 (1997) A23), we also study conformal rescalings of
spacetime and investigate how these affect the inertial force formalism. While
many ways of describing spatial curvature of a trajectory has been discussed in
papers prior to this, one particular prescription (which differs from the
standard projected curvature when the reference is shearing) appears novel. For
the particular case of a hypersurface-forming congruence, using a suitable
rescaling of spacetime, we show that a geodesic photon is always following a
line that is spatially straight with respect to the new curvature measure. This
fact is intimately connected to Fermat's principle, and allows for a certain
generalization of the optical geometry as will be further pursued in a
companion paper (Jonsson and Westman, Class. Quantum Grav. 23 (2006) 61). For
the particular case when the shear-tensor vanishes, we present the inertial
force equation in three-dimensional form (using the bold face vector notation),
and note how similar it is to its Newtonian counterpart. From the spatial
curvature measures that we introduce, we derive corresponding covariant
differentiations of a vector defined along a spacetime trajectory. This allows
us to connect the formalism of this paper to that of Jantzen et. al. (see e.g.
Bini et. al., Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 6 (1997) 143).
| gr-qc | assuming a general timelike congruence of worldlines as a reference frame we derive a covariant general formalism of inertial forces in general relativity inspired by the works of abramowicz et al see eg abramowicz and lasota class quantum grav 14 1997 a23 we also study conformal rescalings of spacetime and investigate how these affect the inertial force formalism while many ways of describing spatial curvature of a trajectory has been discussed in papers prior to this one particular prescription which differs from the standard projected curvature when the reference is shearing appears novel for the particular case of a hypersurfaceforming congruence using a suitable rescaling of spacetime we show that a geodesic photon is always following a line that is spatially straight with respect to the new curvature measure this fact is intimately connected to fermats principle and allows for a certain generalization of the optical geometry as will be further pursued in a companion paper jonsson and westman class quantum grav 23 2006 61 for the particular case when the sheartensor vanishes we present the inertial force equation in threedimensional form using the bold face vector notation and note how similar it is to its newtonian counterpart from the spatial curvature measures that we introduce we derive corresponding covariant differentiations of a vector defined along a spacetime trajectory this allows us to connect the formalism of this paper to that of jantzen et al see eg bini et al int j mod phys d 6 1997 143 | [['assuming', 'a', 'general', 'timelike', 'congruence', 'of', 'worldlines', 'as', 'a', 'reference', 'frame', 'we', 'derive', 'a', 'covariant', 'general', 'formalism', 'of', 'inertial', 'forces', 'in', 'general', 'relativity', 'inspired', 'by', 'the', 'works', 'of', 'abramowicz', 'et', 'al', 'see', 'eg', 'abramowicz', 'and', 'lasota', 'class', 'quantum', 'grav', '14', '1997', 'a23', 'we', 'also', 'study', 'conformal', 'rescalings', 'of', 'spacetime', 'and', 'investigate', 'how', 'these', 'affect', 'the', 'inertial', 'force', 'formalism', 'while', 'many', 'ways', 'of', 'describing', 'spatial', 'curvature', 'of', 'a', 'trajectory', 'has', 'been', 'discussed', 'in', 'papers', 'prior', 'to', 'this', 'one', 'particular', 'prescription', 'which', 'differs', 'from', 'the', 'standard', 'projected', 'curvature', 'when', 'the', 'reference', 'is', 'shearing', 'appears', 'novel', 'for', 'the', 'particular', 'case', 'of', 'a', 'hypersurfaceforming', 'congruence', 'using', 'a', 'suitable', 'rescaling', 'of', 'spacetime', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'a', 'geodesic', 'photon', 'is', 'always', 'following', 'a', 'line', 'that', 'is', 'spatially', 'straight', 'with', 'respect', 'to', 'the', 'new', 'curvature', 'measure', 'this', 'fact', 'is', 'intimately', 'connected', 'to', 'fermats', 'principle', 'and', 'allows', 'for', 'a', 'certain', 'generalization', 'of', 'the', 'optical', 'geometry', 'as', 'will', 'be', 'further', 'pursued', 'in', 'a', 'companion', 'paper', 'jonsson', 'and', 'westman', 'class', 'quantum', 'grav', '23', '2006', '61', 'for', 'the', 'particular', 'case', 'when', 'the', 'sheartensor', 'vanishes', 'we', 'present', 'the', 'inertial', 'force', 'equation', 'in', 'threedimensional', 'form', 'using', 'the', 'bold', 'face', 'vector', 'notation', 'and', 'note', 'how', 'similar', 'it', 'is', 'to', 'its', 'newtonian', 'counterpart', 'from', 'the', 'spatial', 'curvature', 'measures', 'that', 'we', 'introduce', 'we', 'derive', 'corresponding', 'covariant', 'differentiations', 'of', 'a', 'vector', 'defined', 'along', 'a', 'spacetime', 'trajectory', 'this', 'allows', 'us', 'to', 'connect', 'the', 'formalism', 'of', 'this', 'paper', 'to', 'that', 'of', 'jantzen', 'et', 'al', 'see', 'eg', 'bini', 'et', 'al', 'int', 'j', 'mod', 'phys', 'd', '6', '1997', '143']] | [-0.12261682090432785, 0.09963311500822732, -0.10352625572870341, 0.03599147921535981, -0.11165859976904542, -0.13817292048285404, -0.002328518759156388, 0.32246401341919734, -0.22420671940885287, -0.2786379220653647, 0.02058423615942853, -0.2396999329587159, -0.19618678303072, 0.16146683906644158, -0.14201569385690296, 0.04023545073951988, 0.016324731883804913, 0.027822299123120803, -0.08461909652952619, -0.22362101211579805, 0.32645633037398925, 0.07632378833955229, 0.2428348172174216, 0.014459057194294363, 0.1167949430286748, 0.0419948096353962, -0.06491194910188092, 0.06260026071355035, -0.1832255074642911, 0.10378296358337649, 0.19569925882671846, 0.10574858403779809, 0.24261478193831154, -0.36080843902370946, -0.21633108409038343, 0.09305885882207715, 0.09961913621497466, 0.1305813907065459, 0.009117439562905337, -0.2952003954607819, 0.059462855670816925, -0.1803961925386504, -0.16322992886965565, -0.05470478607180038, 0.10244266465836303, -0.010164718471355812, -0.23826990154291677, 0.10352288812436296, 0.10738795029749049, 0.04964965050707607, -0.04105948849213953, -0.053106173407286406, 0.010625817752405396, 0.04925060522012844, 0.03143536442099518, 0.10452799201465962, 0.09922981554286449, -0.04723444154648852, -0.10927625765410684, 0.38851907282757264, -0.06363002678041468, -0.21535855933372688, 0.1595826504782327, -0.12991752589028707, -0.15993581239580806, 0.06810531167056018, 0.13859755003434887, 0.15222227351827078, -0.16115338031291995, 0.15363222274269597, -0.08429078729558222, 0.10296186234904225, 0.144558777850939, -0.017625491220240926, 0.17224679532358178, 0.05799674213678402, 0.01985556201614644, 0.10857191844038831, -0.08135151152207508, -0.10131923834640888, -0.346112827713624, -0.21923200157629238, -0.16020291928217056, 0.11064087140101303, -0.055035758795435784, -0.13091851453054545, 0.3660065428632107, 0.14484265210939623, 0.17545738421395662, 0.05690860097264356, 0.22160939758499645, 0.0966048653869761, 0.01487710358001428, 0.12096007446175426, 0.27401317078885207, 0.17203197544118828, 0.1267051194358865, -0.15260058869390059, -0.048983733883369865, 0.10889772063565328] |
708.2494 | A formula for the normal subgroup growth of Baumslag-Solitar groups | We give an exact formula for the number of normal subgroups of each finite
index in the Baumslag-Solitar group BS(p,q) when p and q are coprime. Unlike
the formula for all finite index subgroups, this one distinguishes different
Baumslag-Solitar groups and is not multiplicative. This allows us to give an
example of a finitely generated profinite group which is not virtually
pronilpotent but whose zeta function has an Euler product.
| math.GR | we give an exact formula for the number of normal subgroups of each finite index in the baumslagsolitar group bspq when p and q are coprime unlike the formula for all finite index subgroups this one distinguishes different baumslagsolitar groups and is not multiplicative this allows us to give an example of a finitely generated profinite group which is not virtually pronilpotent but whose zeta function has an euler product | [['we', 'give', 'an', 'exact', 'formula', 'for', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'normal', 'subgroups', 'of', 'each', 'finite', 'index', 'in', 'the', 'baumslagsolitar', 'group', 'bspq', 'when', 'p', 'and', 'q', 'are', 'coprime', 'unlike', 'the', 'formula', 'for', 'all', 'finite', 'index', 'subgroups', 'this', 'one', 'distinguishes', 'different', 'baumslagsolitar', 'groups', 'and', 'is', 'not', 'multiplicative', 'this', 'allows', 'us', 'to', 'give', 'an', 'example', 'of', 'a', 'finitely', 'generated', 'profinite', 'group', 'which', 'is', 'not', 'virtually', 'pronilpotent', 'but', 'whose', 'zeta', 'function', 'has', 'an', 'euler', 'product']] | [-0.16867329318275942, 0.153358441603528, -0.14946223100248193, 0.04955630726846201, -0.1367976857814938, -0.17255494655109943, -0.002420500205231032, 0.3722849140941564, -0.3242993349741612, -0.23698272948552454, 0.06606658361685862, -0.26312719059330575, -0.09369616766593286, 0.25439542209995647, -0.13078090544523938, -0.06323136361315847, -0.0201877769681492, 0.1670408908144704, -0.05633556249418429, -0.2884568642292704, 0.34794856011867525, -0.07286974231579474, 0.23679575898817606, 0.02606198638677597, 0.08828990762787206, 0.03161213751882315, -0.05522824617634926, -0.0377916032448411, -0.13875115854399545, 0.04942290694452822, 0.3043108207838876, 0.05452368996505227, 0.24176857326113219, -0.3355926902964711, -0.1431529890612832, 0.25760512628725596, 0.1557554251314806, 0.004496708783387606, -0.0563449390232563, -0.2139201911964587, 0.16169183368661574, -0.2665179948455521, -0.11358187800007206, -0.039076981227844955, 0.11979686250644071, -0.014027706886242544, -0.25620134309200304, 0.012568040039124234, 0.08036852569452353, 0.10756525223010353, -0.04080207127096531, -0.12392715231648513, 0.006200080245201077, 0.1849012965323969, 0.044234893078516635, -0.03065212703742353, 0.0621535104778429, -0.0558659994309502, -0.11030974813371099, 0.41785831317039474, -0.02249827695611332, -0.23991257178464107, 0.14359785371593067, -0.19023268716409802, -0.18148828044400683, 0.15913752462448819, 0.03816914461287005, 0.15583254366980068, -0.033788881298927924, 0.19235434649079772, -0.1724233042714851, 0.11577159514916795, 0.05508746850038213, -0.06033723061638219, 0.05437763679240431, 0.015172771746957942, 0.09220769022857504, 0.14111191088533295, 0.0692109008319676, 0.06289103480188975, -0.3535360062228782, -0.22106734889925325, -0.13765654058495005, 0.10391222758127176, -0.1408055254786242, -0.2692395913847057, 0.40982245973178316, 0.03495177538799388, 0.1020345313541059, 0.15148372317697587, 0.21245081738036659, 0.13216156975499221, 0.061419034696051054, 0.08295094438695481, 0.03921859227120876, 0.2094026207857366, -0.15518610517361334, -0.13278889376670122, 0.027117826091125608, 0.2050390181198184] |
708.2495 | On Unirationality of Quartics over non Algebraically Closed Fields | We give examples of smooth $\k$-unirational line-free quartic hypersurfaces
over a non algebraically closed field $\k$. Unlike other methods of proving
unirationality, our method does not rely on existence of linear spaces on
quartics.
| math.AG | we give examples of smooth kunirational linefree quartic hypersurfaces over a non algebraically closed field k unlike other methods of proving unirationality our method does not rely on existence of linear spaces on quartics | [['we', 'give', 'examples', 'of', 'smooth', 'kunirational', 'linefree', 'quartic', 'hypersurfaces', 'over', 'a', 'non', 'algebraically', 'closed', 'field', 'k', 'unlike', 'other', 'methods', 'of', 'proving', 'unirationality', 'our', 'method', 'does', 'not', 'rely', 'on', 'existence', 'of', 'linear', 'spaces', 'on', 'quartics']] | [-0.22806100402136936, -0.01652873314999263, -0.10191481467336416, 0.04740786152508329, -0.15211079401128433, -0.20783901744631722, -0.009008827728821951, 0.35563599082696085, -0.18139191410120795, -0.16685408323674517, 0.06788439565228627, -0.24310726303990712, -0.146863460622947, 0.3483961402055095, -0.12610969163806124, -0.023452260257566675, 0.0416852517382187, 0.08480136611444108, -0.13388629396007778, -0.43541081071666937, 0.41553255937555256, -0.15790960017886177, 0.18239286131061175, 0.08708258985322626, 0.12951750145293772, 0.05450774028020747, 0.005543965681949083, 0.015278899193029194, -0.1998509570463177, 0.11807885138756212, 0.3115647479563075, 0.11932167939513046, 0.20449795847868218, -0.36202236900434775, -0.2307792361962664, 0.2431975642000051, 0.17454983015982983, 0.06177022220457301, 0.01823679403648438, -0.2361853187355925, 0.07587158104733509, -0.03422295125475263, -0.1684468499494388, -0.17821988412042095, -0.06154846064130064, 0.058175227166536975, -0.21008427683537936, 0.03942657311392181, 0.19296438236008673, 0.22686085458297064, -0.09978106669972048, -0.1480925208888948, -0.017598552690983257, -0.04152806121034219, 0.0033754733911551095, 0.03528627243769519, 0.0756404464790488, -0.030205738717032707, -0.13199338379918651, 0.2929663373814786, -0.1311864310546833, -0.24786229541196542, 0.17573870299383998, -0.12270769668633447, -0.11148623850278776, 0.21445125461939504, 0.1529610839069766, 0.2723091276746024, 0.012657994681777543, 0.26640940064509566, -0.11091049544184524, 0.09640463726485476, 0.07781206610996057, -0.03312610630767748, 0.12115878476898241, 0.013596024966853507, 0.13076883198364692, 0.05356090839246891, 0.034119765260530746, -0.08414950748213895, -0.40939533206469875, -0.14617770452819326, -0.11558695003280745, 0.14922312204084043, -0.1021243486662998, -0.2825946000349872, 0.3723817877471447, 0.03020437346661792, 0.1528124953072299, 0.16458812890136065, 0.25431446846136274, -0.03632427695522304, 0.06456404332728947, 0.10106262811185683, 0.18179779510725946, 0.1994521360953941, 0.005970710063325789, -0.1103709671057432, 0.009563256972743309, 0.19129730081733534] |
708.2496 | Contributions from cognitive research to mathematics and science
education | An invited plenary given at the founding meeting of the Southern African
Association for Research in Mathematics and Science Education in 1992.
| physics.ed-ph | an invited plenary given at the founding meeting of the southern african association for research in mathematics and science education in 1992 | [['an', 'invited', 'plenary', 'given', 'at', 'the', 'founding', 'meeting', 'of', 'the', 'southern', 'african', 'association', 'for', 'research', 'in', 'mathematics', 'and', 'science', 'education', 'in', '1992']] | [-0.03844952185384252, 0.09720302778044822, -0.049835735614496196, 0.02281247875229879, -0.17698019234971565, -0.0724583782932975, 0.04820244945585728, 0.2465653382241726, -0.1743825590237975, -0.4001797152344476, 0.11482381249185312, -0.3240740888498046, -0.12632461620325391, 0.16945425531064923, -0.19532389744100245, -0.18351738622666083, 0.06272396140477875, 0.02078418342650614, 0.08959508429027417, -0.41072075720876455, 0.14077446135607632, 0.1921943278813904, 0.371126599969681, 0.09237789186987687, 0.09979834136637775, 0.02771360439841043, -0.19940273169512776, -0.11770799417387355, -0.12537678982533346, 0.1750473241237077, 0.49607479747977445, 0.2461668677913787, 0.4821776442907073, -0.3324975530532273, -0.01921977995979515, -0.051414710596542464, 0.026607949667694895, -0.0034288662401112642, -0.05884647128087553, -0.3522446747361259, -0.09331603568385947, -0.20718117024410854, -0.17953855214132505, 0.18073326027528805, 0.1475338339805603, -0.04763007688928734, -0.13096020607785744, -0.010392989963293076, -0.041015099649402226, 0.3577906530011784, -0.0337955504655838, -0.2720908285541968, -0.023670896453867583, 0.21105206829749726, 0.06842038009993055, 0.10863218541172417, -0.04482586434195665, -0.24162150216712194, -0.20433315262198448, 0.40519116734239186, 0.0299088721671565, 0.03789484314620495, 0.19130629272496497, -0.22866205447776752, -0.31878398291089316, -0.012680084307000718, 0.3661238237453455, 0.004969901701604778, -0.21982642464255067, 0.14710185723114674, -0.038447494110600514, 0.1068669338498942, 0.23814317749135874, -0.1269322477852587, 0.36481774175031617, 0.15428624615411868, -0.008610400815748355, 0.0780285182832317, -0.055342674678699535, -0.15684683874926783, -0.33349906726189976, -0.14850508980453014, -0.10628167654133656, -0.04328049871731888, 0.09914472369035304, -0.0660237965004688, 0.38865067911419, 0.05066235414282842, -0.11247237712483514, -0.08035215536471117, 0.15702844367743554, -0.054596668617291885, -0.004091693935069171, 0.14597828360274434, 0.2166569891428067, 0.07236957914111289, 0.3024278918111866, -0.035963647829538044, 0.0875177237586203, 0.08175634863437153] |
708.2497 | Duality and semi-group property for backward parabolic Ito equations | We study existence, uniqueness, semi-group property, and a priori estimates
for solutions for backward parabolic Ito equations in domains with boundary. We
study also duality between forward and backward equations. The semi-group for
backward equations is established in the form of some anti-causality. The
novelty is that the semi-group property involves the diffusion term that is a
part of the solution.
| math.PR math.AP | we study existence uniqueness semigroup property and a priori estimates for solutions for backward parabolic ito equations in domains with boundary we study also duality between forward and backward equations the semigroup for backward equations is established in the form of some anticausality the novelty is that the semigroup property involves the diffusion term that is a part of the solution | [['we', 'study', 'existence', 'uniqueness', 'semigroup', 'property', 'and', 'a', 'priori', 'estimates', 'for', 'solutions', 'for', 'backward', 'parabolic', 'ito', 'equations', 'in', 'domains', 'with', 'boundary', 'we', 'study', 'also', 'duality', 'between', 'forward', 'and', 'backward', 'equations', 'the', 'semigroup', 'for', 'backward', 'equations', 'is', 'established', 'in', 'the', 'form', 'of', 'some', 'anticausality', 'the', 'novelty', 'is', 'that', 'the', 'semigroup', 'property', 'involves', 'the', 'diffusion', 'term', 'that', 'is', 'a', 'part', 'of', 'the', 'solution']] | [-0.1429192015794335, 0.0291322553912025, -0.11317919976398592, 0.10902070789407084, -0.15117462529022185, -0.10321567167402015, 0.00536132377923512, 0.3158389807785632, -0.37393903057472627, -0.1376991321134274, 0.16914847433628116, -0.3440880796520925, -0.13456523055058034, 0.19655386526442942, -0.05231367845515736, 0.08331199569749784, 0.09184254885681706, 0.00342965122984081, -0.07942195744330033, -0.11675983579585054, 0.41443241369284567, -0.06126718056678283, 0.2287134075857943, 0.05879577600442972, 0.19159968795834995, -0.023587178683183233, -0.020680834875121467, -0.03660704572608725, -0.1652898926712042, 0.07928723125092563, 0.25707998981729885, 0.05888954073679252, 0.3246493405494534, -0.42706781024204904, -0.17759858117606797, 0.08569200454493527, 0.1104129011433602, 0.07753534552442734, -0.11552093336816693, -0.2787288147040078, 0.14746308812993716, -0.09335259598542432, -0.2122817065902665, -0.04396777662647064, 0.04788422390635385, 0.05798524174625512, -0.3083893564934308, 0.0964965617668731, 0.15811140110074987, 0.03686554696349824, -0.13386058416427496, -0.02694934548535308, -0.02268089909778267, 0.05624164801976476, 0.09558834050797292, -0.051391857050237105, -0.007545854972644908, -0.11691605318032328, -0.11094450453281036, 0.2705062351449103, -0.13293103943960588, -0.3376845362000778, 0.136182617991552, -0.17434749967556018, -0.09732440135395917, 0.1336579570302465, 0.10367697052138507, 0.18300150337888568, -0.19570693193522634, 0.15493080569393017, -0.0993956113978457, 0.11014471317595634, 0.06017742725852571, 0.003990206195682776, 0.011967271780137156, 0.1596397954176684, 0.16359342469787988, 0.13197909925346735, 0.027330241864547133, -0.16521694877978843, -0.4070139105630214, -0.22992952930985294, -0.0828872007760601, 0.07277518080272635, -0.1118329090794327, -0.1751851459629223, 0.3275503765784021, 0.12487670203640325, 0.11957104351432597, 0.0927947065678471, 0.19526362746618078, 0.2156747324300594, -0.020997754481361538, 0.08532748217684918, 0.19678150526043714, 0.21703936173733263, 0.15996822641902894, -0.23580564792290878, 0.11999153958053374, 0.26774176170469305] |
708.2498 | Computation in Classical Mechanics | There is a growing consensus that physics majors need to learn computational
skills, but many departments are still devoid of computation in their physics
curriculum. Some departments may lack the resources or commitment to create a
dedicated course or program in computational physics. One way around this
difficulty is to include computation in a standard upper-level physics course.
An intermediate classical mechanics course is particularly well suited for
including computation. We discuss the ways we have used computation in our
classical mechanics courses, focusing on how computational work can improve
students' understanding of physics as well as their computational skills. We
present examples of computational problems that serve these two purposes. In
addition, we provide information about resources for instructors who would like
to include computation in their courses.
| physics.ed-ph physics.class-ph physics.comp-ph | there is a growing consensus that physics majors need to learn computational skills but many departments are still devoid of computation in their physics curriculum some departments may lack the resources or commitment to create a dedicated course or program in computational physics one way around this difficulty is to include computation in a standard upperlevel physics course an intermediate classical mechanics course is particularly well suited for including computation we discuss the ways we have used computation in our classical mechanics courses focusing on how computational work can improve students understanding of physics as well as their computational skills we present examples of computational problems that serve these two purposes in addition we provide information about resources for instructors who would like to include computation in their courses | [['there', 'is', 'a', 'growing', 'consensus', 'that', 'physics', 'majors', 'need', 'to', 'learn', 'computational', 'skills', 'but', 'many', 'departments', 'are', 'still', 'devoid', 'of', 'computation', 'in', 'their', 'physics', 'curriculum', 'some', 'departments', 'may', 'lack', 'the', 'resources', 'or', 'commitment', 'to', 'create', 'a', 'dedicated', 'course', 'or', 'program', 'in', 'computational', 'physics', 'one', 'way', 'around', 'this', 'difficulty', 'is', 'to', 'include', 'computation', 'in', 'a', 'standard', 'upperlevel', 'physics', 'course', 'an', 'intermediate', 'classical', 'mechanics', 'course', 'is', 'particularly', 'well', 'suited', 'for', 'including', 'computation', 'we', 'discuss', 'the', 'ways', 'we', 'have', 'used', 'computation', 'in', 'our', 'classical', 'mechanics', 'courses', 'focusing', 'on', 'how', 'computational', 'work', 'can', 'improve', 'students', 'understanding', 'of', 'physics', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'their', 'computational', 'skills', 'we', 'present', 'examples', 'of', 'computational', 'problems', 'that', 'serve', 'these', 'two', 'purposes', 'in', 'addition', 'we', 'provide', 'information', 'about', 'resources', 'for', 'instructors', 'who', 'would', 'like', 'to', 'include', 'computation', 'in', 'their', 'courses']] | [-0.01210117812788244, 0.0804891320020583, -0.11804011000623536, 0.1376233893399697, -0.17463744821229069, -0.18923624158410948, 0.06058121999083159, 0.38522660289868504, -0.27494726949118714, -0.447084718102286, 0.10495527812402493, -0.23331331996637028, -0.14918936493395027, 0.2375462713052136, -0.1566294516685379, 0.047043292956470056, 0.07571809162032003, 0.007592482822847935, -0.044734694998595836, -0.3180006980298578, 0.231606927436827, 0.07935757557103454, 0.23221950640887484, 0.048450727929007405, 0.018895527714314735, -0.012296164740425672, -0.06098747573244248, -0.0385084615644905, -0.08507846413027267, 0.16711711376957783, 0.4301580561166124, 0.2334333132706987, 0.44284814340603906, -0.48932259124090044, -0.1863029667342356, 0.08919007336728044, 0.14119767889654797, 0.15099243408198967, -0.08337139916631515, -0.22089595667469178, -0.005379259564675564, -0.16227164180126302, -0.11266911640229035, -0.13790060168623117, -0.02450668287658414, -0.03275523657094716, -0.14893367494521445, 0.027964844613863053, 0.04317050841420369, 0.1384134162506161, 0.02541449816370484, -0.16326315205385403, 0.07593135701225305, 0.21871831790045942, 0.017791722202673554, -0.007611948618658118, 0.17314162242493425, -0.21836911333551587, -0.2186602900136811, 0.45498206166102906, 0.08184667543305965, -0.20638674874036472, 0.2762702134854788, -0.10985868792374466, -0.1837674714588784, 0.03430230672969375, 0.2343567960946135, 0.04151335237511657, -0.12947690272306692, 0.09206711037026703, 0.0494437200656204, 0.16155178649639784, 0.014538357074033151, 0.05016468234302462, 0.23544642496709675, 0.1736237671796608, 0.027571719624878217, 0.07972386437143351, 0.0313152187330605, -0.14762463554191266, -0.30808619750562566, -0.21255757486359253, -0.15459212634077138, 0.021023987287063468, 0.03856075850546418, -0.11206578740693517, 0.3420544542198957, 0.18445700639858842, 0.06792667579237921, 0.050290948505578345, 0.2721769706411071, 0.03188778929928563, 0.06900104752727315, 0.1089931172571441, 0.20317333064681864, 0.056710593955753306, 0.2092816319583749, -0.14089634308100554, 0.0827950751842108, -0.0015349583483712619] |
708.2499 | Theoretical spectroscopic studies of the atomic transitions and
lifetimes of low-lying states in Ti IV | The astrophysically important electric quadrupole (E2) and magnetic dipole
(M1) transitions for the low-lying states of triply ionized titanium (Ti IV)
are calculated very accurately using a state-of-art all-order many-body theory
called Coupled Cluster (CC) theory in the relativistic frame-work. Different
many-body correlations of the CC theory has been estimated by studying the core
and valence electron excitations to the unoccupied states. The calculated
excitation energies of different states are in very good agreement with the
measurements. Also we compare our calculated electric dipole (E1) transition
amplitudes of few transitions with recent many-body calculations by different
groups. We have also carried out the calculations for the lifetimes of the
low-lying states of Ti IV. A long lifetime is found for the first excited
3d$^{2}D_{5/2}$ state, which suggested that Ti IV may be one of the useful
candidates for many important studies. Most of the results reported here are
not available in the literature, to the best of our knowledge.
| physics.atom-ph physics.comp-ph | the astrophysically important electric quadrupole e2 and magnetic dipole m1 transitions for the lowlying states of triply ionized titanium ti iv are calculated very accurately using a stateofart allorder manybody theory called coupled cluster cc theory in the relativistic framework different manybody correlations of the cc theory has been estimated by studying the core and valence electron excitations to the unoccupied states the calculated excitation energies of different states are in very good agreement with the measurements also we compare our calculated electric dipole e1 transition amplitudes of few transitions with recent manybody calculations by different groups we have also carried out the calculations for the lifetimes of the lowlying states of ti iv a long lifetime is found for the first excited 3d2d_52 state which suggested that ti iv may be one of the useful candidates for many important studies most of the results reported here are not available in the literature to the best of our knowledge | [['the', 'astrophysically', 'important', 'electric', 'quadrupole', 'e2', 'and', 'magnetic', 'dipole', 'm1', 'transitions', 'for', 'the', 'lowlying', 'states', 'of', 'triply', 'ionized', 'titanium', 'ti', 'iv', 'are', 'calculated', 'very', 'accurately', 'using', 'a', 'stateofart', 'allorder', 'manybody', 'theory', 'called', 'coupled', 'cluster', 'cc', 'theory', 'in', 'the', 'relativistic', 'framework', 'different', 'manybody', 'correlations', 'of', 'the', 'cc', 'theory', 'has', 'been', 'estimated', 'by', 'studying', 'the', 'core', 'and', 'valence', 'electron', 'excitations', 'to', 'the', 'unoccupied', 'states', 'the', 'calculated', 'excitation', 'energies', 'of', 'different', 'states', 'are', 'in', 'very', 'good', 'agreement', 'with', 'the', 'measurements', 'also', 'we', 'compare', 'our', 'calculated', 'electric', 'dipole', 'e1', 'transition', 'amplitudes', 'of', 'few', 'transitions', 'with', 'recent', 'manybody', 'calculations', 'by', 'different', 'groups', 'we', 'have', 'also', 'carried', 'out', 'the', 'calculations', 'for', 'the', 'lifetimes', 'of', 'the', 'lowlying', 'states', 'of', 'ti', 'iv', 'a', 'long', 'lifetime', 'is', 'found', 'for', 'the', 'first', 'excited', '3d2d_52', 'state', 'which', 'suggested', 'that', 'ti', 'iv', 'may', 'be', 'one', 'of', 'the', 'useful', 'candidates', 'for', 'many', 'important', 'studies', 'most', 'of', 'the', 'results', 'reported', 'here', 'are', 'not', 'available', 'in', 'the', 'literature', 'to', 'the', 'best', 'of', 'our', 'knowledge']] | [-0.09860757898551019, 0.1770456506645178, -0.031182025560710883, 0.10017807070391381, 0.03530606319366386, -0.13774000878486806, 0.041726867276618736, 0.38222735822083626, -0.1623861600458915, -0.3054470939345002, -0.02652838652142259, -0.3206682836390891, -0.06979158227829813, 0.16045386427662, 0.10764277015326533, 0.05352406894111619, 0.0616907448868074, 0.021078092084154957, -0.0884104823245544, -0.16312636516742268, 0.29359923183051106, 0.06647077293879113, 0.2667378591953443, 0.09347572096157819, -0.031144177894775738, -0.05839780849293343, 0.03315238552109438, 0.018854077266962647, -0.12600896013601362, 0.13648882027826734, 0.30452949733403073, 0.0225433031457283, 0.19938646850275732, -0.4615299962578142, -0.20041321231778594, 0.012567545684148211, 0.1580968689050455, 0.1831329390531078, -0.06263642996526177, -0.31821826038554124, 0.05308820281335908, -0.17682965173614476, -0.12990533100710538, -0.13590616793459598, 0.06313334500018812, 0.027312756513110683, -0.23696333997144872, 0.056990500389079934, -0.013718783567328615, 0.027441965728619653, -0.115777908039496, -0.20551506281133342, -0.061731064375841395, 0.13189039048416623, 0.043089045479647675, 0.018560502809946828, 0.13552770194591685, -0.08534081962908495, -0.12832187341655013, 0.3877682930675669, -0.05015590576947017, -0.0843842525325083, 0.16325986180630214, -0.17267526112754578, -0.18029317840034692, 0.17761810619454338, 0.08366082521370002, 0.1539389460974332, -0.12226152593129368, 0.04761288706842904, -0.012020921904253978, 0.14966942674667816, 0.023375130724161863, 0.08194581471904695, 0.21141425839994313, 0.12626880951922786, -0.0542594986552601, 0.0682092184916947, -0.13787380867174961, -0.10149343533195415, -0.27301049970017904, -0.11267928912234053, -0.20266045907032001, 0.03594014842406211, -0.018667772710843175, -0.15625567204295512, 0.4253687827127441, 0.10185692391179665, 0.15905549407514902, -0.05380532099153706, 0.2603468778338166, 0.12575203762243284, 0.053731799935453434, 0.04907501472816246, 0.3355784428821373, 0.208989688122071, 0.05572747150963207, -0.28686693926933426, 0.05512870559483509, 0.02008011328999492] |
708.25 | Variation of the unit roots along the Dwork family of Calabi-Yau
varieties | We study the variation of unit roots of the Dwork families of Calabi-Yau
varieties over a finite field by the method of Dwork-Katz and also from the
point of view of formal group laws. A p-adic analytic formula for the unit
roots away from the Hasse locus is obtained.
| math.AG math.NT | we study the variation of unit roots of the dwork families of calabiyau varieties over a finite field by the method of dworkkatz and also from the point of view of formal group laws a padic analytic formula for the unit roots away from the hasse locus is obtained | [['we', 'study', 'the', 'variation', 'of', 'unit', 'roots', 'of', 'the', 'dwork', 'families', 'of', 'calabiyau', 'varieties', 'over', 'a', 'finite', 'field', 'by', 'the', 'method', 'of', 'dworkkatz', 'and', 'also', 'from', 'the', 'point', 'of', 'view', 'of', 'formal', 'group', 'laws', 'a', 'padic', 'analytic', 'formula', 'for', 'the', 'unit', 'roots', 'away', 'from', 'the', 'hasse', 'locus', 'is', 'obtained']] | [-0.19323563686339185, -0.03141770075308159, -0.17276082066625045, 0.04813623809847437, -0.07913171007142712, -0.050511988947012774, 0.11570877312139298, 0.23541599768213928, -0.3249313273699954, -0.21470410287535438, 0.0959349034819752, -0.2762509136615942, -0.16112465368739018, 0.2590913923146824, -0.1290025053701053, -0.003139187271396319, -0.017703068520252902, 0.09152638770562287, -0.10876018719864078, -0.28005349094746634, 0.4384319665841758, -0.03105554386274889, 0.22412374097621068, 0.03521254709145675, 0.16148171379851797, 0.021492415476435173, -0.01227624190505594, -0.013106831970314184, -0.13322917884215713, 0.16777922812616453, 0.2704110334937771, 0.09324017442607631, 0.23426830873358995, -0.37738248546763015, -0.14320865058107302, 0.18772725000356635, 0.13494490198839534, 0.061110821940625705, -0.02449149787814046, -0.23335478042523997, 0.09486207853963909, -0.15745339596954486, -0.2291412402895124, -0.023654463002458215, 0.015588745981707083, 0.10367892665575103, -0.20362528192345053, 0.0023706328884145478, 0.06582420746174951, 0.25801875731364515, -0.09522263729013503, -0.12412628477128844, -0.06692443388601532, 0.08361100927383329, 0.04496614988117168, 0.045510272257767305, 0.09391421992525768, -0.1091489096773633, -0.10035638029997547, 0.37113422791784006, -0.028673898428678513, -0.18116118324299654, 0.0487567797730056, -0.2222500846158558, -0.13315079192398116, 0.18111944809788838, 0.11887496817022718, 0.17972393851960078, -0.06046668465326851, 0.1992863599625707, -0.12110603130228507, 0.04248292344770258, 0.09506663538437958, -0.08453914739463168, 0.18894056325855976, 0.04297435712457324, 0.03766227482507626, 0.14735674924061945, -0.04081361717544496, -0.12287143443245441, -0.3958775019273162, -0.19393163494532928, -0.17062778175265217, 0.1170933383400552, -0.16170172068298902, -0.17987049936664334, 0.4337636816004912, 0.07371432237171878, 0.20121272707668444, 0.15056736388942227, 0.2300079301542913, 0.09821559124005337, 0.0965279231313616, 0.00044877762244747527, 0.10813898220658302, 0.2264363349386258, -0.004351814823166933, -0.14815770719239177, -0.029843981141311815, 0.2198687008349225] |
708.2501 | Higher dimensional operators and their effects in (non)supersymmetric
models | It is shown that a 4D N=1 softly broken supersymmetric theory with higher
derivative operators in the Kahler or the superpotential part of the Lagrangian
and with an otherwise arbitrary superpotential, can be re-formulated as a
theory without higher derivatives but with additional (ghost) superfields and
modified interactions. The importance of the analytical continuation
Minkowski-Euclidean space-time for the UV behaviour of such theories is
discussed in detail. In particular it is shown that power counting for
divergences in Minkowski space-time does not always work in models with higher
derivative operators.
| hep-ph hep-th | it is shown that a 4d n1 softly broken supersymmetric theory with higher derivative operators in the kahler or the superpotential part of the lagrangian and with an otherwise arbitrary superpotential can be reformulated as a theory without higher derivatives but with additional ghost superfields and modified interactions the importance of the analytical continuation minkowskieuclidean spacetime for the uv behaviour of such theories is discussed in detail in particular it is shown that power counting for divergences in minkowski spacetime does not always work in models with higher derivative operators | [['it', 'is', 'shown', 'that', 'a', '4d', 'n1', 'softly', 'broken', 'supersymmetric', 'theory', 'with', 'higher', 'derivative', 'operators', 'in', 'the', 'kahler', 'or', 'the', 'superpotential', 'part', 'of', 'the', 'lagrangian', 'and', 'with', 'an', 'otherwise', 'arbitrary', 'superpotential', 'can', 'be', 'reformulated', 'as', 'a', 'theory', 'without', 'higher', 'derivatives', 'but', 'with', 'additional', 'ghost', 'superfields', 'and', 'modified', 'interactions', 'the', 'importance', 'of', 'the', 'analytical', 'continuation', 'minkowskieuclidean', 'spacetime', 'for', 'the', 'uv', 'behaviour', 'of', 'such', 'theories', 'is', 'discussed', 'in', 'detail', 'in', 'particular', 'it', 'is', 'shown', 'that', 'power', 'counting', 'for', 'divergences', 'in', 'minkowski', 'spacetime', 'does', 'not', 'always', 'work', 'in', 'models', 'with', 'higher', 'derivative', 'operators']] | [-0.10381625470799509, 0.15197399791916755, -0.07391935728785969, 0.13174114338504256, -0.1053706121923967, -0.17071457792157202, -0.07381061185412946, 0.3326598076631179, -0.17097176179771176, -0.2804714290194967, 0.09660737535764537, -0.2783639216272349, -0.22293433970562443, 0.08070095883567263, -0.09329416114952038, 0.032309806366775475, -0.0545738379188468, 0.07528154438968455, -0.09034768287929591, -0.2735819029595619, 0.32452743867767997, 0.04895735576649437, 0.221413013132896, 0.08508977145399686, 0.10716531872409239, -0.012780385756383785, 0.004145163870050332, 0.022723837284727044, -0.059599784232468055, 0.09676931611147155, 0.23363244516979884, 0.05598129671108856, 0.1797476181749966, -0.43857066557229907, -0.2706951338319066, 0.14535162325822906, 0.18922457405564824, 0.10218262222459477, -0.028522431990393345, -0.24167821116829186, 0.06155106800953659, -0.18786443826439006, -0.19382206337484584, -0.1248196820634302, -0.0041021328796161695, -0.0935657216508067, -0.28054611109134353, 0.07202925223574629, 0.03153167474554496, 0.03371349846672141, -0.06010371545758726, -0.06524900605200967, -0.1203266469437336, 0.025527156939144046, 0.1260801944123016, 0.06380768089942383, 0.06091710962773709, -0.2007152877455012, -0.1181561865718261, 0.398335119060586, -0.10297707998811194, -0.3171557375135716, 0.12327633535468512, -0.18424892771905393, -0.15588232971141847, 0.10392946654908965, 0.04301103924432497, 0.1870707617654057, -0.13835224500867757, 0.22194062477223617, 0.03619315303349344, 0.14323955029772406, 0.09865687196299935, 0.05619168540023351, 0.18634748048138586, 0.03911451461431937, 0.08639701603378137, 0.10344942372287048, 0.07019134716057543, -0.1373709183646722, -0.41833249968214986, -0.14685628563165665, -0.1401207505233502, 0.061587602742640246, -0.1353884788666292, -0.16339671140565443, 0.36491637560800555, 0.1019792883131088, 0.1487418437857976, 0.06390232553056786, 0.26321049790117845, 0.1960791992638365, 0.1269681200468808, 0.018354100672256075, 0.26039593229384234, 0.08941446738239127, 0.09593568777330638, -0.19144892828078586, -0.08076111015371895, 0.15521718042358504] |
708.2502 | Hoeffding's inequality in game-theoretic probability | This note makes the obvious observation that Hoeffding's original proof of
his inequality remains valid in the game-theoretic framework. All details are
spelled out for the convenience of future reference.
| math.PR | this note makes the obvious observation that hoeffdings original proof of his inequality remains valid in the gametheoretic framework all details are spelled out for the convenience of future reference | [['this', 'note', 'makes', 'the', 'obvious', 'observation', 'that', 'hoeffdings', 'original', 'proof', 'of', 'his', 'inequality', 'remains', 'valid', 'in', 'the', 'gametheoretic', 'framework', 'all', 'details', 'are', 'spelled', 'out', 'for', 'the', 'convenience', 'of', 'future', 'reference']] | [-0.13141271203445892, -0.02036875734726588, -0.14614325525859992, 0.1489125052311768, -0.13230596276310583, -0.1947338661858036, 0.08830295310666164, 0.33672720425141356, -0.23839319522182148, -0.2672801485440383, 0.08437682993632431, -0.25233008060604334, -0.14665189969042938, 0.18984852478218575, -0.16818372706572216, 0.026468911239256463, 0.09582087127491831, 0.016693269057820242, -0.052815477518985667, -0.30174901292969786, 0.2689557649777271, 0.1008674643933773, 0.27011473548288145, 0.09767255696157615, 0.05436053884526094, 0.08073016055859625, -0.12754108444787562, -0.04608536418527365, -0.10982657153338854, 0.12698829614867765, 0.29928676285780964, 0.20355160344624892, 0.3321146493156751, -0.37714613458762564, -0.11699856870497266, 0.09264880679547786, 0.10521454787813127, 0.13838600404560567, -0.0210062972890834, -0.2656513445700208, 0.051412606710800904, -0.12052158682296674, -0.21560570693885286, -0.10255429558455945, 0.03012724028279384, -0.04044283770602609, -0.191276703029871, 0.08840433574902515, 0.18965266092369953, 0.047567480554183326, -0.03903572669563194, -0.16913106084490817, 0.06343459095805884, 0.08785443933059772, 0.07917339410632848, -0.0012570753538360198, 0.12050511012785137, -0.03420025509937356, -0.06243414719744275, 0.3872002028860152, 0.04390486441552639, -0.18297375893065085, 0.11566141246973226, -0.09997488266477982, -0.21621975993039086, 0.04486249200999737, 0.020743854887162645, 0.11698462879285217, -0.2112861533028384, 0.13347749458625913, -0.13500955067574977, 0.13804519198214013, 0.09106360377433399, 0.06817627237178385, 0.17844318263232709, 0.13327390744622486, 0.048623994916367035, 0.11023406125605106, 0.01760261373904844, -0.15722409357937675, -0.4391873413696885, -0.20702206266772313, -0.1633692894790632, 0.09000677360842625, -0.0655547348006318, -0.09340700803829047, 0.3442863599086801, 0.24515317945430676, 0.08427969589829445, 0.11261655244355401, 0.29101680777966976, 0.027709464232126873, -0.029630519366279865, 0.02584613695119818, 0.29073330930744606, 0.035970026068389414, 0.16246058666147292, -0.07286074372629324, 0.10948350839316845, 0.06695451131090521] |
708.2503 | Window For Higgs Boson Mass From Gauge-Higgs Unification | We consider six dimensional gauge models compactified on the orbifold T^2/Z_N
(N=2,3,4,6) such that the Standard Model (SM) Higgs doublet arises from the
extra-dimensional components of the gauge field. For \Lambda \leq 10^{19} GeV,
where \Lambda denotes the compactification scale, we obtain 114.4 GeV \leq m_H
\leq 164 GeV for the SM Higgs boson mass. We also consider gauge-Higgs-top and
gauge-Higgs-bottom Yukawa unification which respectively yield m_H =
131^{+4}_{-5} GeV and m_H = 150^{+2}_{-2} GeV for a top quark pole mass M_t
=170.9^{+1.8}_{-1.8} GeV. As a special case we recover the result m_H \leq 132
GeV previously obtained for five dimensional models.
| hep-ph hep-th | we consider six dimensional gauge models compactified on the orbifold t2z_n n2346 such that the standard model sm higgs doublet arises from the extradimensional components of the gauge field for lambda leq 1019 gev where lambda denotes the compactification scale we obtain 1144 gev leq m_h leq 164 gev for the sm higgs boson mass we also consider gaugehiggstop and gaugehiggsbottom yukawa unification which respectively yield m_h 1314_5 gev and m_h 1502_2 gev for a top quark pole mass m_t 170918_18 gev as a special case we recover the result m_h leq 132 gev previously obtained for five dimensional models | [['we', 'consider', 'six', 'dimensional', 'gauge', 'models', 'compactified', 'on', 'the', 'orbifold', 't2z_n', 'n2346', 'such', 'that', 'the', 'standard', 'model', 'sm', 'higgs', 'doublet', 'arises', 'from', 'the', 'extradimensional', 'components', 'of', 'the', 'gauge', 'field', 'for', 'lambda', 'leq', '1019', 'gev', 'where', 'lambda', 'denotes', 'the', 'compactification', 'scale', 'we', 'obtain', '1144', 'gev', 'leq', 'm_h', 'leq', '164', 'gev', 'for', 'the', 'sm', 'higgs', 'boson', 'mass', 'we', 'also', 'consider', 'gaugehiggstop', 'and', 'gaugehiggsbottom', 'yukawa', 'unification', 'which', 'respectively', 'yield', 'm_h', '1314_5', 'gev', 'and', 'm_h', '1502_2', 'gev', 'for', 'a', 'top', 'quark', 'pole', 'mass', 'm_t', '170918_18', 'gev', 'as', 'a', 'special', 'case', 'we', 'recover', 'the', 'result', 'm_h', 'leq', '132', 'gev', 'previously', 'obtained', 'for', 'five', 'dimensional', 'models']] | [-0.0947375791735555, 0.2788886359647701, 0.06129174349143317, 0.23091631001351695, -0.07517419403516933, -0.23396963220530828, 0.010274246129158296, 0.3490635321304006, -0.12215612090535855, -0.32387349292586903, -0.011684262443726, -0.24874895619179466, 0.09516838696344118, 0.15735479416570775, 0.045225661988125034, -0.0071337131489264335, 0.003914039523193711, 0.024233045678977903, -0.08390653620376007, -0.2726464857445344, 0.3014202089146956, -0.04435344811921057, 0.1215731222574648, 0.1049613704904914, 0.10788302850713463, 0.029042606433167268, 0.09543373532299149, -0.18069126762841878, -0.26216735581317485, 0.03922464022731507, 0.14093612564863991, 0.008633662422040575, 0.060930598860508514, -0.14516461755296117, -0.13961144524724467, 0.18670757650642802, 0.17424724866194943, -0.02261999312322587, -0.02749463266472479, -0.34198131670832244, 0.153059352699079, -0.2421772303255765, -0.15740450317971408, 0.006836756022254887, -0.06104301739557597, -0.19011733329021616, -0.372126513082338, 0.13593030796159597, -0.07970031166057054, 0.05196339609591585, 0.012630426824877137, -0.28552296718974646, -0.1322893182305913, -0.08933309830333057, 0.2050894880434498, 0.08070875761638346, 0.1578689911696864, -0.17716423714928647, -0.14615699304757934, 0.42998195368992653, -0.12312198400644488, -0.10898470936931277, 0.10988096859502165, -0.17694100133682553, -0.2258808567161108, 0.10324214377416004, 0.20523860964335894, 0.12018444046476169, -0.11977015442558026, 0.3413950547857798, -0.13088673964681985, 0.23940892417572046, 0.12214611308943284, 0.002256907174657834, 0.2408098447283632, 0.1716804314845879, 0.04021946272841888, -0.026941771119048722, -0.11862151544099968, -0.04751213491453152, -0.4582926985856734, -0.11356017806224133, -0.030082430950316943, 0.16875189329056364, -0.19537968894215546, 0.0037748418307225954, 0.3378815793579346, 0.15655871379115668, 0.32870665171526764, 0.06344575619104466, 0.20540221294290142, 0.06384355706211768, 0.1068554143078233, 0.059073981554492526, 0.30602679604566413, 0.1660479972139001, 0.1131643540520025, -0.10810628836043179, -0.23676930330203552, 0.13580399554614958] |
708.2504 | Obscured clusters.I. GLIMPSE30 - Young Milky Way Star Cluster Hosting
Wolf-Rayet Stars | Young massive clusters are perfect astrophysical laboratories for study of
massive stars. Clusters with Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars are of special importance,
since this enables us to study a coeval WR population at a uniform metallicity
and known age. GLIMPSE30 (G30) is one of them. The cluster is situated near the
Galactic plane (l=298.756deg, b=-0.408deg) and we aimed to determine its
physical parameters and to investigate its high-mass stellar content and
especially WR stars. Our analysis is based on SOFI/NTT JsHKs imaging and low
resolution (R~2000) spectroscopy of the brightest cluster members in the K
atmospheric window. For the age determination we applied isochrone fits for MS
and Pre-MS stars. We derived stellar parameters of the WR stars candidates
using a full nonLTE modeling of the observed spectra. Using a variety of
techniques we found that G30 is very young cluster, with age t~4Myr. The
cluster is located in Carina spiral arm, it is deeply embedded in dust and
suffers reddening of Av~10.5+-1.1mag. The distance to the object is
d=7.2+-0.9kpc. The mass of the cluster members down to 2.35Msol is ~1600Msol.
Cluster's MF for the mass range of 5.6 to 31.6Msol shows a slope of
Gamma=-1.01+-0.03. The total mass of the cluster obtained by this MF down to
1Msol is about 3x10^3Msol. The spectral analysis and the models allow us to
conclude that in G30 are at least one Ofpe/WN and two WR stars. The WR stars
are of WN6-7 hydrogen rich type with progenitor masses more than 60Msol. G30 is
a new member of the exquisite family of young Galactic clusters, hosting WR
stars. It is a factor of two to three less massive than some of the youngest
super-massive star clusters like Arches, Quintuplet and Central cluster and is
their smaller analog.
| astro-ph | young massive clusters are perfect astrophysical laboratories for study of massive stars clusters with wolfrayet wr stars are of special importance since this enables us to study a coeval wr population at a uniform metallicity and known age glimpse30 g30 is one of them the cluster is situated near the galactic plane l298756deg b0408deg and we aimed to determine its physical parameters and to investigate its highmass stellar content and especially wr stars our analysis is based on sofintt jshks imaging and low resolution r2000 spectroscopy of the brightest cluster members in the k atmospheric window for the age determination we applied isochrone fits for ms and prems stars we derived stellar parameters of the wr stars candidates using a full nonlte modeling of the observed spectra using a variety of techniques we found that g30 is very young cluster with age t4myr the cluster is located in carina spiral arm it is deeply embedded in dust and suffers reddening of av10511mag the distance to the object is d7209kpc the mass of the cluster members down to 235msol is 1600msol clusters mf for the mass range of 56 to 316msol shows a slope of gamma101003 the total mass of the cluster obtained by this mf down to 1msol is about 3x103msol the spectral analysis and the models allow us to conclude that in g30 are at least one ofpewn and two wr stars the wr stars are of wn67 hydrogen rich type with progenitor masses more than 60msol g30 is a new member of the exquisite family of young galactic clusters hosting wr stars it is a factor of two to three less massive than some of the youngest supermassive star clusters like arches quintuplet and central cluster and is their smaller analog | [['young', 'massive', 'clusters', 'are', 'perfect', 'astrophysical', 'laboratories', 'for', 'study', 'of', 'massive', 'stars', 'clusters', 'with', 'wolfrayet', 'wr', 'stars', 'are', 'of', 'special', 'importance', 'since', 'this', 'enables', 'us', 'to', 'study', 'a', 'coeval', 'wr', 'population', 'at', 'a', 'uniform', 'metallicity', 'and', 'known', 'age', 'glimpse30', 'g30', 'is', 'one', 'of', 'them', 'the', 'cluster', 'is', 'situated', 'near', 'the', 'galactic', 'plane', 'l298756deg', 'b0408deg', 'and', 'we', 'aimed', 'to', 'determine', 'its', 'physical', 'parameters', 'and', 'to', 'investigate', 'its', 'highmass', 'stellar', 'content', 'and', 'especially', 'wr', 'stars', 'our', 'analysis', 'is', 'based', 'on', 'sofintt', 'jshks', 'imaging', 'and', 'low', 'resolution', 'r2000', 'spectroscopy', 'of', 'the', 'brightest', 'cluster', 'members', 'in', 'the', 'k', 'atmospheric', 'window', 'for', 'the', 'age', 'determination', 'we', 'applied', 'isochrone', 'fits', 'for', 'ms', 'and', 'prems', 'stars', 'we', 'derived', 'stellar', 'parameters', 'of', 'the', 'wr', 'stars', 'candidates', 'using', 'a', 'full', 'nonlte', 'modeling', 'of', 'the', 'observed', 'spectra', 'using', 'a', 'variety', 'of', 'techniques', 'we', 'found', 'that', 'g30', 'is', 'very', 'young', 'cluster', 'with', 'age', 't4myr', 'the', 'cluster', 'is', 'located', 'in', 'carina', 'spiral', 'arm', 'it', 'is', 'deeply', 'embedded', 'in', 'dust', 'and', 'suffers', 'reddening', 'of', 'av10511mag', 'the', 'distance', 'to', 'the', 'object', 'is', 'd7209kpc', 'the', 'mass', 'of', 'the', 'cluster', 'members', 'down', 'to', '235msol', 'is', '1600msol', 'clusters', 'mf', 'for', 'the', 'mass', 'range', 'of', '56', 'to', '316msol', 'shows', 'a', 'slope', 'of', 'gamma101003', 'the', 'total', 'mass', 'of', 'the', 'cluster', 'obtained', 'by', 'this', 'mf', 'down', 'to', '1msol', 'is', 'about', '3x103msol', 'the', 'spectral', 'analysis', 'and', 'the', 'models', 'allow', 'us', 'to', 'conclude', 'that', 'in', 'g30', 'are', 'at', 'least', 'one', 'ofpewn', 'and', 'two', 'wr', 'stars', 'the', 'wr', 'stars', 'are', 'of', 'wn67', 'hydrogen', 'rich', 'type', 'with', 'progenitor', 'masses', 'more', 'than', '60msol', 'g30', 'is', 'a', 'new', 'member', 'of', 'the', 'exquisite', 'family', 'of', 'young', 'galactic', 'clusters', 'hosting', 'wr', 'stars', 'it', 'is', 'a', 'factor', 'of', 'two', 'to', 'three', 'less', 'massive', 'than', 'some', 'of', 'the', 'youngest', 'supermassive', 'star', 'clusters', 'like', 'arches', 'quintuplet', 'and', 'central', 'cluster', 'and', 'is', 'their', 'smaller', 'analog']] | [-0.051942287151544295, 0.10912463864271375, -0.08331617675118631, 0.10636321312034747, -0.12811264312715545, -0.055846760210266216, 0.10519933097211899, 0.41922475693650246, -0.14887003208302874, -0.36248643207280035, 0.04484838586327412, -0.2776347001815188, 0.00024895606773550345, 0.21108055114411087, -0.04750774842988458, -0.06571587063280009, 0.11198080504558505, 0.014504034560435057, -0.041803066839845915, -0.2840652511414918, 0.33724517334527304, 0.045716141670500095, 0.10509915116390468, -0.0783881850007975, 0.03963475198344254, -0.09452753233063377, -0.06496290038440296, -0.04282275021156604, -0.15762065268288536, 0.0821893584904874, 0.21217780344401205, 0.16085336688510646, 0.22634823769481732, -0.268620893101228, -0.18542780897457808, 0.06320873402074154, 0.2186559080096002, 0.03765116633240991, -0.07921647213604813, -0.24972196468051602, 0.1504710430359776, -0.18094630352608362, -0.22176850256989558, 0.07830441828730027, 0.038916203999479815, 0.0377278777355288, -0.22987525940258408, 0.12998249826922664, -0.006716367711560975, 0.09869952361424379, -0.09591500915958807, -0.15748748061307472, -0.04303119732854258, 0.13368544963493326, -0.002446058920246261, 0.06415920287099325, 0.1531166986582412, -0.16062969310550865, 0.0004945135685420936, 0.4403021455440493, -0.020476144886422375, 0.009828305672586178, 0.27624075724609304, -0.2071649413991371, -0.19537518977643184, 0.09763116973306542, 0.1356605592321122, 0.15234858837404133, -0.20364630220143004, 0.016291330348538642, -0.03241888215102041, 0.2181969567088129, 0.04098564292795842, 0.06151096466861719, 0.31670365237468423, 0.14679278504344628, 0.02444694159726659, 0.10433213981102965, -0.2379716534816397, -0.09087268247858708, -0.16465095601466706, -0.13817247497118848, -0.10177239355599346, 0.06059349870071378, -0.16374141113898966, -0.1446650933127569, 0.32369624897787386, 0.07448939126480719, 0.17715422759040278, 0.016354293397480367, 0.25502652309754553, 0.08700041203439678, 0.15442609508511804, 0.12369286539803574, 0.25753795452804973, 0.25115072690771234, 0.046749251779912564, -0.24420800146005256, 0.04052742636132744, -8.047752755714192e-05] |
708.2505 | Radio Emission Signatures in the Crab Pulsar | Our high time resolution observations of individual pulses from the Crab
pulsar show that both the time and frequency signatures of the interpulse are
distinctly different from those of the main pulse. Main pulses can occasionally
be resolved into short-lived, relatively narrow-band nanoshots. We believe
these nanoshots are produced by soliton collapse in strong plasma turbulence.
Interpulses at centimeter wavelengths are very different. Their dynamic
spectrum contains regular, microsecond-long emission bands. We have detected
these bands, proportionately spaced in frequency, from 4.5 to 10.5 GHz. The
bands cannot easily be explained by any current theory of pulsar radio
emission; we speculate on possible new models.
| astro-ph | our high time resolution observations of individual pulses from the crab pulsar show that both the time and frequency signatures of the interpulse are distinctly different from those of the main pulse main pulses can occasionally be resolved into shortlived relatively narrowband nanoshots we believe these nanoshots are produced by soliton collapse in strong plasma turbulence interpulses at centimeter wavelengths are very different their dynamic spectrum contains regular microsecondlong emission bands we have detected these bands proportionately spaced in frequency from 45 to 105 ghz the bands cannot easily be explained by any current theory of pulsar radio emission we speculate on possible new models | [['our', 'high', 'time', 'resolution', 'observations', 'of', 'individual', 'pulses', 'from', 'the', 'crab', 'pulsar', 'show', 'that', 'both', 'the', 'time', 'and', 'frequency', 'signatures', 'of', 'the', 'interpulse', 'are', 'distinctly', 'different', 'from', 'those', 'of', 'the', 'main', 'pulse', 'main', 'pulses', 'can', 'occasionally', 'be', 'resolved', 'into', 'shortlived', 'relatively', 'narrowband', 'nanoshots', 'we', 'believe', 'these', 'nanoshots', 'are', 'produced', 'by', 'soliton', 'collapse', 'in', 'strong', 'plasma', 'turbulence', 'interpulses', 'at', 'centimeter', 'wavelengths', 'are', 'very', 'different', 'their', 'dynamic', 'spectrum', 'contains', 'regular', 'microsecondlong', 'emission', 'bands', 'we', 'have', 'detected', 'these', 'bands', 'proportionately', 'spaced', 'in', 'frequency', 'from', '45', 'to', '105', 'ghz', 'the', 'bands', 'can', 'not', 'easily', 'be', 'explained', 'by', 'any', 'current', 'theory', 'of', 'pulsar', 'radio', 'emission', 'we', 'speculate', 'on', 'possible', 'new', 'models']] | [-0.12530949772203798, 0.20290959240783024, -0.053039026881550565, 0.09743402904022555, -0.06139956450283106, -0.1400794316663073, 0.01146993239054386, 0.50919344418524, -0.2361127114722962, -0.3197421024219607, 0.08966108643282908, -0.24785016359594422, -0.03066152609216998, 0.2498575761504603, -0.01371128294443413, -0.06405813546789775, 0.07670121628545085, -0.11327468588034499, 0.02730822331384088, -0.1417394792504569, 0.23873640197540089, 0.05693493034462181, 0.21860202327194922, 0.01611121352059099, 0.024997185186465393, -0.13583324003301864, -0.03398818792423831, -0.038596104083688194, -0.04719378202262649, 0.0239889345061526, 0.26587493040858806, 0.1128595326532926, 0.1770784941431627, -0.4534574288101691, -0.23951794691208117, 0.04209050819506201, 0.18519222116501965, 0.08468064049012819, 0.006362773498898056, -0.3116620925852572, 0.07508347486365446, -0.15567116354996302, -0.1250350011363274, 0.033856943826287775, -0.004808741296588813, 0.10331382497020487, -0.15814639552812673, 0.10167168962488056, 0.003627211521577336, 0.04349586328289489, -0.10401503838387863, -0.10506933299332576, -0.03444000972513953, 0.07128157872566075, 0.05170692199454555, 0.012706225155303607, 0.11109160343272928, -0.06172076786427873, -0.11355872510247073, 0.36088159503327366, -0.08870913951112977, -0.007554566549172379, 0.23588042221699823, -0.2723562214259972, -0.1517558095115676, 0.25533410994652306, 0.13589679993873569, 0.10088434526345359, -0.12404105280534769, -0.04333550337194641, 0.00043902962626713625, 0.24628142655809532, 0.1414616145501089, 0.1323947409774124, 0.3416886364443685, 0.09371775979250845, -0.020545313132592953, 0.12595614486479395, -0.21277011207629978, 0.009377580126725524, -0.24821167757277782, 0.0060009303116151744, -0.1918835299746309, 0.10020730418786253, -0.08842379461415442, -0.07484650792870319, 0.4461200301719935, 0.14176811646441664, 0.14667330497770376, 0.03201925025084319, 0.3049353414680809, 0.16082415121436155, 0.0849545023158052, 0.09756616493335592, 0.31075648859775856, 0.09043148284523203, 0.10737015272244671, -0.17128750331532913, 0.015114741839187325, -0.07435455281322575] |
708.2506 | A Characterization of the Angle Defect and the Euler Characteristic in
Dimension 2 -- Preliminary Draft | The angle defect, which is the standard way to measure curvature at the
vertices of polyhedral surfaces, goes back at least as far as Descartes.
Although the angle defect has been widely studied, there does not appear to be
in the literature an axiomatic characterization of the angle defect. We give a
characterization of the angle defect for simplicial surfaces, and we show that
variants of the same characterization work for two known approaches to
generalizing the angle defect to arbitrary 2-dimensional simplicial complexes.
Simultaneously, we give a characterization of the Euler characteristic on
2-dimensional simplicial complexes in terms of being geometrically locally
determined.
| math.GT math.CO | the angle defect which is the standard way to measure curvature at the vertices of polyhedral surfaces goes back at least as far as descartes although the angle defect has been widely studied there does not appear to be in the literature an axiomatic characterization of the angle defect we give a characterization of the angle defect for simplicial surfaces and we show that variants of the same characterization work for two known approaches to generalizing the angle defect to arbitrary 2dimensional simplicial complexes simultaneously we give a characterization of the euler characteristic on 2dimensional simplicial complexes in terms of being geometrically locally determined | [['the', 'angle', 'defect', 'which', 'is', 'the', 'standard', 'way', 'to', 'measure', 'curvature', 'at', 'the', 'vertices', 'of', 'polyhedral', 'surfaces', 'goes', 'back', 'at', 'least', 'as', 'far', 'as', 'descartes', 'although', 'the', 'angle', 'defect', 'has', 'been', 'widely', 'studied', 'there', 'does', 'not', 'appear', 'to', 'be', 'in', 'the', 'literature', 'an', 'axiomatic', 'characterization', 'of', 'the', 'angle', 'defect', 'we', 'give', 'a', 'characterization', 'of', 'the', 'angle', 'defect', 'for', 'simplicial', 'surfaces', 'and', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'variants', 'of', 'the', 'same', 'characterization', 'work', 'for', 'two', 'known', 'approaches', 'to', 'generalizing', 'the', 'angle', 'defect', 'to', 'arbitrary', '2dimensional', 'simplicial', 'complexes', 'simultaneously', 'we', 'give', 'a', 'characterization', 'of', 'the', 'euler', 'characteristic', 'on', '2dimensional', 'simplicial', 'complexes', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'being', 'geometrically', 'locally', 'determined']] | [-0.11496258473310333, 0.08360519883115977, -0.0758869556728034, 0.0644307903679034, -0.06990745438871762, -0.12918044433284265, 0.0015138809819920706, 0.38757608429743695, -0.29979861025752214, -0.2574806412717757, 0.08363936630373175, -0.2523992767427654, -0.13594113861192733, 0.17754274431186226, -0.1130490300621694, -0.012260247442799691, -0.003993331718867501, 0.06382392937442861, -0.07658670344076549, -0.23305874725338072, 0.3458990175097894, 0.026570386530903097, 0.24478265897442514, 0.11707389328736238, 0.10663913165066893, 0.02019029158131721, 0.005223490888266287, 0.10678909214374681, -0.2302594199408514, 0.11951812961622356, 0.2686257873697636, 0.04850802889604193, 0.1597431864513335, -0.39296056675867963, -0.1952184828492486, 0.11773618038569111, 0.13597970240964338, 0.1032580622738281, -0.01777905295714915, -0.22441897872172725, 0.08525952277705073, -0.07318364760095182, -0.21301870151924399, -0.038057111230535574, 0.023414691529559113, -0.019616879934731584, -0.1985611324153769, -0.010281199571461631, 0.08416292945800635, 0.10378839024521697, -0.024733201349870518, -0.12962341621124113, -0.06038962437126499, 0.12291482656907576, 0.011400094584902175, 0.03885906953991462, 0.11303522281097965, -0.08197175065512195, -0.16783740737278444, 0.3767303293212675, -0.029359988904056642, -0.2259111625885103, 0.1985057237235686, -0.17567833961444335, -0.1132594630605756, 0.1742481731411177, 0.08789430095706709, 0.17558894319853818, -0.09384196454909845, 0.11265087591052109, -0.09820902472039542, 0.08912082443734667, 0.15274779559471285, 0.043207837086811196, 0.17596002515011394, 0.09725998008462529, 0.12924731640109363, 0.14209857565023973, -0.06937870143044095, -0.08576338213438597, -0.272849076302149, -0.21839411492692307, -0.18556270166971864, 0.1063713709883394, -0.07983225076714007, -0.23019971421812302, 0.3776841515030425, 0.04142478994058015, 0.1979741816926085, 0.083097079732607, 0.26750061653841, 0.043562928174371615, 0.07993253909360366, 0.003955973974930553, 0.23104940471463264, 0.17633275179049143, 0.012742000421544967, -0.12650069803035316, 0.07757209429389779, 0.15081319703201118] |
708.2507 | Feasibility of Searches for a Higgs Boson using H->WW->ll+MET and High
PT Jets at the Tevatron | The sensitivity of Standard Model Higgs boson searches at the Tevatron
experiments with a mass 135<MH<190 GeV using the channel H->WW->ll+MET (l=e,mu)
is discussed. Three new event selections involving Higgs in association with
one or two high PT hadronic jets are discussed. Using Leading Order Matrix
Elements and a conservative cut-based analysis a 95% confidence level exclusion
on sigmaxBR(H->WW), 1.6 times larger than that predicted by the Standard Model
for MH=165 GeV, may be achieved with 5fb-1 of integrated luminosity. By
combining these three event selections with the existing analysis, the
sensitivity of CDF and D0 could improve significantly.
| hep-ph | the sensitivity of standard model higgs boson searches at the tevatron experiments with a mass 135mh190 gev using the channel hwwllmet lemu is discussed three new event selections involving higgs in association with one or two high pt hadronic jets are discussed using leading order matrix elements and a conservative cutbased analysis a 95 confidence level exclusion on sigmaxbrhww 16 times larger than that predicted by the standard model for mh165 gev may be achieved with 5fb1 of integrated luminosity by combining these three event selections with the existing analysis the sensitivity of cdf and d0 could improve significantly | [['the', 'sensitivity', 'of', 'standard', 'model', 'higgs', 'boson', 'searches', 'at', 'the', 'tevatron', 'experiments', 'with', 'a', 'mass', '135mh190', 'gev', 'using', 'the', 'channel', 'hwwllmet', 'lemu', 'is', 'discussed', 'three', 'new', 'event', 'selections', 'involving', 'higgs', 'in', 'association', 'with', 'one', 'or', 'two', 'high', 'pt', 'hadronic', 'jets', 'are', 'discussed', 'using', 'leading', 'order', 'matrix', 'elements', 'and', 'a', 'conservative', 'cutbased', 'analysis', 'a', '95', 'confidence', 'level', 'exclusion', 'on', 'sigmaxbrhww', '16', 'times', 'larger', 'than', 'that', 'predicted', 'by', 'the', 'standard', 'model', 'for', 'mh165', 'gev', 'may', 'be', 'achieved', 'with', '5fb1', 'of', 'integrated', 'luminosity', 'by', 'combining', 'these', 'three', 'event', 'selections', 'with', 'the', 'existing', 'analysis', 'the', 'sensitivity', 'of', 'cdf', 'and', 'd0', 'could', 'improve', 'significantly']] | [-0.03334823009607039, 0.16312729492293376, -0.03449032003746221, 0.142425508881723, -0.03447456762292667, -0.17826404692605138, 0.05744111396764454, 0.36152083374755944, -0.12984638373906676, -0.35153826689837797, 0.0949498033874031, -0.32835944857644406, 0.0516934629799308, 0.19109973103837355, 0.07456901233251158, 0.10485594077525955, 0.1428584345555129, -0.0027467543553364904, -0.09859115990908131, -0.2499303777555102, 0.25782035119635494, 0.08130591592114222, 0.22268412097504264, 0.05301566490119225, 0.06922760901384448, 0.015651746905457817, -0.08603763560715474, -0.028212287749997095, -0.08732107416274773, 0.10340067750382188, 0.19798223617070013, 0.10436142163204128, 0.14428806671624586, -0.31573855098533005, -0.12730604720142621, 0.12954157823206564, 0.15019311909808924, 0.018539789855161585, -0.07005757347950221, -0.35263301680158626, 0.15003674135200287, -0.24607855290860722, -0.059378677685009804, 0.004313096890569125, -0.07529586857478869, -0.05360337519331982, -0.34189419311128166, 0.11652936346485819, -0.04851415565139369, 0.06391679198530159, 0.036775663031853346, -0.22949489954074748, -0.07007996358565594, -0.04618571231288737, 0.08473998121917248, 0.05914121645680433, 0.17131312778219582, -0.13548523115582373, -0.2531626639593589, 0.3399738209175044, -0.0887777678124717, -0.18080429771522943, 0.2385993290747712, -0.18980993025593068, -0.12664682286252316, 0.17873380702773206, 0.2268117236855783, 0.02339783734825783, -0.22640584601138375, 0.06965912446061051, 0.02720207316604884, 0.19623307895503547, 0.06228105893701707, 0.03475914165916803, 0.2105988135953483, 0.25742302058558714, 0.009261747041263764, 0.03816651134188042, -0.1538965722129337, -0.062319244076742934, -0.3848777558262411, -0.08642994230122943, -0.0636276051451109, 0.028844181984957112, -0.11024096495759869, -0.013784833811223507, 0.3938236546163496, 0.1294930552242716, 0.2836425428719897, 0.04151964595933494, 0.2762039990826069, 0.15192811735170453, 0.09356244877716036, 0.03937377971106846, 0.3484825572047971, 0.09509911461194095, 0.0962030648645994, -0.15139715176222748, 0.02935052689066843, 0.05137097584573846] |
708.2508 | On Killing vector fields of a homogeneous and isotropic universe in
closed model | Killing vector fields of a closed homogeneous and isotropic universe are
studied. It is shown that in general case there is no time-like Killing vector
fields in such a universe. Two exceptional cases are revealed.
| math.DG math-ph math.MP | killing vector fields of a closed homogeneous and isotropic universe are studied it is shown that in general case there is no timelike killing vector fields in such a universe two exceptional cases are revealed | [['killing', 'vector', 'fields', 'of', 'a', 'closed', 'homogeneous', 'and', 'isotropic', 'universe', 'are', 'studied', 'it', 'is', 'shown', 'that', 'in', 'general', 'case', 'there', 'is', 'no', 'timelike', 'killing', 'vector', 'fields', 'in', 'such', 'a', 'universe', 'two', 'exceptional', 'cases', 'are', 'revealed']] | [-0.25327005894255955, 0.19537347674901998, -0.014449154692036765, 0.13647834390534885, -0.11853277757763862, -0.14281618666968177, -0.12625205974493708, 0.4659859761595726, -0.1601887310056814, -0.13818122638123376, 0.07970147614999275, -0.2546022500310625, -0.16710707394938384, 0.1981569063450609, 0.03583215061309082, -0.01778492226398417, 0.01338910311460495, 0.1945320479039635, -0.006540862889960408, -0.33755921657596316, 0.40368086295202377, -0.07101464667357504, 0.3147680261837585, -0.038195022022617715, 0.1809251857655389, -0.04254993512960417, -0.019027998817286323, 0.09801780791390878, -0.0797414871807892, 0.01073342226445675, 0.26353055079068455, 0.15035896907959664, 0.20450230267431055, -0.38022936657071116, -0.25978885195218027, 0.21660279080803904, 0.17119357067027263, 0.10565026519554002, -0.09343787540814706, -0.2381546102397676, 0.05372512132993766, -0.045492330778922355, -0.19971335942723922, -0.12113624909626586, 0.07175707878278835, -0.07041463181376457, -0.257833334776972, 0.10363995871905769, 0.09992452692905707, 0.1074044500610658, -0.1659997668383377, -0.06558235414725329, -0.04871744875397001, 0.006204093513744218, 0.1406908754658486, 0.08966947078172649, 0.0778822620000158, -0.13770387550549848, -0.11549919130546706, 0.37882650175264904, -0.07509688133639948, -0.2779415889510087, 0.15245133468082972, -0.20590350325884563, -0.12059896819825683, 0.12424780980550817, 0.09469549464327949, 0.1572718949655869, -0.18396913848285165, 0.21218230577817718, -0.07999810368887016, 0.0038730169513395856, 0.1353496903287513, -0.04459552537550086, 0.2407637398157801, 0.05708557997963258, 0.03287158250210009, 0.08688021512436016, 0.027027966507843563, -0.1398166642657348, -0.3909466632774898, -0.21742223362837518, -0.12129742934235505, 0.13685803775276456, -0.1324260220326583, -0.1920424538822512, 0.3203769937157631, -0.00027277757014547075, 0.14656116528702634, -0.0684329656617982, 0.20025525327239718, 0.044172884377517874, 0.06325321608622159, 0.1844968182966113, 0.3170583062406097, 0.2079220519001995, 0.05916626668934311, -0.055429295583495075, -0.040907985490879845, -0.026998813809560877] |
708.2509 | Invariants of Knot Diagrams | We construct a new order 1 invariant for knot diagrams. We use it to
determine the minimal number of Reidemeister moves needed to pass between
certain pairs of knot diagrams.
| math.GT | we construct a new order 1 invariant for knot diagrams we use it to determine the minimal number of reidemeister moves needed to pass between certain pairs of knot diagrams | [['we', 'construct', 'a', 'new', 'order', '1', 'invariant', 'for', 'knot', 'diagrams', 'we', 'use', 'it', 'to', 'determine', 'the', 'minimal', 'number', 'of', 'reidemeister', 'moves', 'needed', 'to', 'pass', 'between', 'certain', 'pairs', 'of', 'knot', 'diagrams']] | [-0.23072431487962602, 0.13383583522712192, -0.104813938960433, 0.1879081094637513, -0.17561535437901815, -0.1589613955312719, 0.14070701487362386, 0.3580673786035428, -0.30008111546436944, -0.3981840477635463, 0.004927155623833338, -0.24833099506795406, -0.10746003650128841, 0.13357445274790128, -0.10560804999743899, -0.010018577923377354, 0.02440080706340571, 0.09022079594433308, -0.10091697052121162, -0.23557800247023503, 0.33847061296304065, -0.09123514083524545, 0.1416359769180417, 0.01852420992217958, 0.1276395335793495, 0.012756154375771682, -0.055172609786192574, -0.013824496418237686, -0.30694831457609933, 0.12265464526911576, 0.19999017469623748, 0.10509101996819178, 0.0864152293652296, -0.35015193186700344, -0.0666080348038425, 0.19286906703685722, 0.16265085333337387, 0.06619594991983226, 0.024193057728310426, -0.20190221855106452, 0.12055345280095935, -0.19095616787672043, -0.18815126614645122, -0.10821230790267387, 0.01914652790874243, 0.025053285621106626, -0.18783654384315013, -0.10967459754707913, -0.013897740965088208, 0.07218942989905676, 0.09877795359740654, -0.023038647898162404, -0.05354989965756734, 0.23660214900349577, 0.02423170078545809, 0.07949615969943503, 0.0841066640180846, -0.18163549409558374, -0.13334610853344203, 0.36308840811252596, -0.04635040147307639, -0.21745464230577152, 0.19922982808202505, -0.1342917330097407, -0.21499370622138184, 0.24975575047234694, 0.05377566454311212, 0.1266455065459013, -0.04856820032388593, 0.020496302423998712, -0.08699425825228294, 0.12720292881131173, 0.1336209704168141, -0.046337870446344215, 0.17138923623909552, 0.020555985377480587, 0.11276639858260751, 0.2663506972913941, -0.11799950952020784, -0.06436609445760648, -0.4079030414422353, -0.287237465257446, -0.09206884414888919, 0.024915429623797537, -0.05961466148340454, -0.19687365933010975, 0.40375058849652606, 0.15174662948896486, 0.1753711259982083, 0.12608678297450146, 0.2418516958753268, 0.0770302901044488, 0.10831576976925135, 0.0792726434301585, 0.11301616791946192, 0.15936161384452135, -0.03676438412318627, -0.12245817768077055, -0.07955859435411791, 0.24618011702162523] |
708.251 | Abstract kinetic equations with positive collision operators | We consider "forward-backward" parabolic equations in the abstract form $Jd
\psi / d x + L \psi = 0$, $ 0< x < \tau \leq \infty$, where $J$ and $L$ are
operators in a Hilbert space $H$ such that $J=J^*=J^{-1}$, $L=L^* \geq 0$, and
$\ker L = 0$. The following theorem is proved: if the operator $B=JL$ is
similar to a self-adjoint operator, then associated half-range boundary
problems have unique solutions. We apply this theorem to corresponding
nonhomogeneous equations, to the time-independent Fokker-Plank equation $ \mu
\frac {\partial \psi}{\partial x} (x,\mu) = b(\mu) \frac {\partial^2
\psi}{\partial \mu^2} (x, \mu)$, $ 0<x<\tau$, $ \mu \in \R$, as well as to
other parabolic equations of the "forward-backward" type. The abstract kinetic
equation $ T d \psi/dx = - A \psi (x) + f(x)$, where $T=T^*$ is injective and
$A$ satisfies a certain positivity assumption, is considered also.
| math.SP math-ph math.MP | we consider forwardbackward parabolic equations in the abstract form jd psi d x l psi 0 0 x tau leq infty where j and l are operators in a hilbert space h such that jjj1 ll geq 0 and ker l 0 the following theorem is proved if the operator bjl is similar to a selfadjoint operator then associated halfrange boundary problems have unique solutions we apply this theorem to corresponding nonhomogeneous equations to the timeindependent fokkerplank equation mu frac partial psipartial x xmu bmu frac partial2 psipartial mu2 x mu 0xtau mu in r as well as to other parabolic equations of the forwardbackward type the abstract kinetic equation t d psidx a psi x fx where tt is injective and a satisfies a certain positivity assumption is considered also | [['we', 'consider', 'forwardbackward', 'parabolic', 'equations', 'in', 'the', 'abstract', 'form', 'jd', 'psi', 'd', 'x', 'l', 'psi', '0', '0', 'x', 'tau', 'leq', 'infty', 'where', 'j', 'and', 'l', 'are', 'operators', 'in', 'a', 'hilbert', 'space', 'h', 'such', 'that', 'jjj1', 'll', 'geq', '0', 'and', 'ker', 'l', '0', 'the', 'following', 'theorem', 'is', 'proved', 'if', 'the', 'operator', 'bjl', 'is', 'similar', 'to', 'a', 'selfadjoint', 'operator', 'then', 'associated', 'halfrange', 'boundary', 'problems', 'have', 'unique', 'solutions', 'we', 'apply', 'this', 'theorem', 'to', 'corresponding', 'nonhomogeneous', 'equations', 'to', 'the', 'timeindependent', 'fokkerplank', 'equation', 'mu', 'frac', 'partial', 'psipartial', 'x', 'xmu', 'bmu', 'frac', 'partial2', 'psipartial', 'mu2', 'x', 'mu', '0xtau', 'mu', 'in', 'r', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'to', 'other', 'parabolic', 'equations', 'of', 'the', 'forwardbackward', 'type', 'the', 'abstract', 'kinetic', 'equation', 't', 'd', 'psidx', 'a', 'psi', 'x', 'fx', 'where', 'tt', 'is', 'injective', 'and', 'a', 'satisfies', 'a', 'certain', 'positivity', 'assumption', 'is', 'considered', 'also']] | [-0.19049340614125015, 0.11894297161539209, -0.04781740559191685, 0.07274825454370566, -0.09987903645768116, -0.2692887838526563, -0.029178450096721254, 0.288733722735563, -0.35745946587774696, -0.11687758330651742, 0.06598701604548475, -0.34533572973872306, -0.04532880379679048, 0.09143559670618434, -0.025246944560808695, 0.06089851355884136, -0.002536035023673665, 0.08579082879435829, -0.12296459951995337, -0.17123185686847767, 0.3234918086136889, -0.12965346215014148, 0.10182836317612173, 0.010024482376990825, 0.14860381922449947, -0.027699152148864047, 0.03397771581919409, -0.0660880757278055, -0.2554329118279921, -0.04559573961795843, 0.2564335081801478, 0.058626129757612944, 0.26932760416053414, -0.27996351847087775, -0.10843861538836161, 0.208101619401668, 0.13311124592652823, -0.10738270509416076, 0.07269883988146472, -0.2850031082877728, 0.14088674305248858, -0.09220764622840238, -0.19258560344400838, -0.02497541568403345, 0.17597502473499774, 0.026574629102283576, -0.406752233532822, 0.12008380796920735, 0.14012995279507756, -0.017173412855435895, -0.04002725252676315, -0.2043637739142447, -0.1234499389236045, -0.036259658792327475, 0.006110303724499962, 0.17259877875784602, 0.047316425791611584, -0.03974999868912314, -0.028801571412789304, 0.33910770202422236, -0.1406677884125796, -0.31729046303749553, 0.07943982882498521, -0.21526121435408282, -0.17279553224559963, 0.09579320635287253, 0.09396008535757602, 0.22024741966834688, -0.09379591455125785, 0.3311614741036837, -0.10269399488795783, 0.11376162392534608, 0.10482406321047681, 0.011834821396133326, -0.003779230459673902, 0.06814511169543798, 0.11314159864009776, 0.044591387477611724, 0.005237552659553072, 0.0020514051393261106, -0.4263134182918465, -0.1869612857846059, -0.12718212401025056, 0.2523552256408991, -0.08401723951364842, -0.10663590679223847, 0.2413266341066296, 0.0744041441609775, 0.20716900623029494, 0.07306109439566966, 0.16239718309654963, 0.20247371245256265, -0.04566679854591296, 0.0938114265807699, 0.05239713370184025, 0.20620937751400775, 0.1392087314798548, -0.2022348940830795, -0.03455286487335647, 0.19074948437101258] |
708.2511 | The Globular Cluster Luminosity Function and Specific Frequency in Dwarf
Elliptical Galaxies | The globular cluster luminosity function, specific globular cluster
frequency, S_N, specific globular cluster mass, T_MP, and globular cluster mass
fraction in dwarf elliptical galaxies are explored using the full 69 galaxy
sample of the HST WFPC2 Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy Snapshot Survey. The GCLFs of
the dEs are well-represented with a t_5 function with a peak at
M_{V,Z}^0(dE,HST) = -7.3 +/- 0.1. This is ~0.3 magnitudes fainter than the GCLF
peaks in giant spiral and elliptical galaxies, but the results are consistent
within the uncertainties. The bright-end slope of the luminosity distribution
has a power-law form with slope alpha = -1.9 +/- 0.1. The trend of increasing
S_N or T_MP with decreasing host galaxy luminosity is confirmed. The mean value
for T_MP in dE,N galaxies is about a factor of two higher than the mean value
for non-nucleated galaxies and the distributions of T_MP in dE,N and dE,noN
galaxies are statistically different. These data are combined with results from
the literature for a wide range of galaxy types and environments. At low host
galaxy masses the distribution of T_MP for dE,noN and dI galaxies are similar.
This supports the idea that one pathway for forming dE,noN galaxies is by the
stripping of dIs. The formation of nuclei and the larger values of T_MP in dE,N
galaxies may be due to higher star formation rates and star cluster formation
efficiencies due to interactions in galaxy cluster environments.
| astro-ph | the globular cluster luminosity function specific globular cluster frequency s_n specific globular cluster mass t_mp and globular cluster mass fraction in dwarf elliptical galaxies are explored using the full 69 galaxy sample of the hst wfpc2 dwarf elliptical galaxy snapshot survey the gclfs of the des are wellrepresented with a t_5 function with a peak at m_vz0dehst 73 01 this is 03 magnitudes fainter than the gclf peaks in giant spiral and elliptical galaxies but the results are consistent within the uncertainties the brightend slope of the luminosity distribution has a powerlaw form with slope alpha 19 01 the trend of increasing s_n or t_mp with decreasing host galaxy luminosity is confirmed the mean value for t_mp in den galaxies is about a factor of two higher than the mean value for nonnucleated galaxies and the distributions of t_mp in den and denon galaxies are statistically different these data are combined with results from the literature for a wide range of galaxy types and environments at low host galaxy masses the distribution of t_mp for denon and di galaxies are similar this supports the idea that one pathway for forming denon galaxies is by the stripping of dis the formation of nuclei and the larger values of t_mp in den galaxies may be due to higher star formation rates and star cluster formation efficiencies due to interactions in galaxy cluster environments | [['the', 'globular', 'cluster', 'luminosity', 'function', 'specific', 'globular', 'cluster', 'frequency', 's_n', 'specific', 'globular', 'cluster', 'mass', 't_mp', 'and', 'globular', 'cluster', 'mass', 'fraction', 'in', 'dwarf', 'elliptical', 'galaxies', 'are', 'explored', 'using', 'the', 'full', '69', 'galaxy', 'sample', 'of', 'the', 'hst', 'wfpc2', 'dwarf', 'elliptical', 'galaxy', 'snapshot', 'survey', 'the', 'gclfs', 'of', 'the', 'des', 'are', 'wellrepresented', 'with', 'a', 't_5', 'function', 'with', 'a', 'peak', 'at', 'm_vz0dehst', '73', '01', 'this', 'is', '03', 'magnitudes', 'fainter', 'than', 'the', 'gclf', 'peaks', 'in', 'giant', 'spiral', 'and', 'elliptical', 'galaxies', 'but', 'the', 'results', 'are', 'consistent', 'within', 'the', 'uncertainties', 'the', 'brightend', 'slope', 'of', 'the', 'luminosity', 'distribution', 'has', 'a', 'powerlaw', 'form', 'with', 'slope', 'alpha', '19', '01', 'the', 'trend', 'of', 'increasing', 's_n', 'or', 't_mp', 'with', 'decreasing', 'host', 'galaxy', 'luminosity', 'is', 'confirmed', 'the', 'mean', 'value', 'for', 't_mp', 'in', 'den', 'galaxies', 'is', 'about', 'a', 'factor', 'of', 'two', 'higher', 'than', 'the', 'mean', 'value', 'for', 'nonnucleated', 'galaxies', 'and', 'the', 'distributions', 'of', 't_mp', 'in', 'den', 'and', 'denon', 'galaxies', 'are', 'statistically', 'different', 'these', 'data', 'are', 'combined', 'with', 'results', 'from', 'the', 'literature', 'for', 'a', 'wide', 'range', 'of', 'galaxy', 'types', 'and', 'environments', 'at', 'low', 'host', 'galaxy', 'masses', 'the', 'distribution', 'of', 't_mp', 'for', 'denon', 'and', 'di', 'galaxies', 'are', 'similar', 'this', 'supports', 'the', 'idea', 'that', 'one', 'pathway', 'for', 'forming', 'denon', 'galaxies', 'is', 'by', 'the', 'stripping', 'of', 'dis', 'the', 'formation', 'of', 'nuclei', 'and', 'the', 'larger', 'values', 'of', 't_mp', 'in', 'den', 'galaxies', 'may', 'be', 'due', 'to', 'higher', 'star', 'formation', 'rates', 'and', 'star', 'cluster', 'formation', 'efficiencies', 'due', 'to', 'interactions', 'in', 'galaxy', 'cluster', 'environments']] | [-0.038759776390076654, 0.07284078476925218, -0.09256180403880654, 0.1162957441760227, -0.08615122739549565, -0.014766849644239181, 0.018269522496215676, 0.44207490936893484, -0.08984914746353119, -0.3743480982663839, 0.005869767753630067, -0.3183131094293102, -0.0015820264968130252, 0.20307455770772598, -0.03056533978543366, -0.03821225781645373, 0.04489644974591615, -0.08779131338081282, -0.058266548819475524, -0.32066404370429075, 0.3206273737849425, 0.04842187219258884, 0.17776924489956836, -0.10185756695396064, 0.03595499070006949, -0.06138325173857953, -0.06081283761836265, -0.043388671152617624, -0.1856750123133521, 0.00025718658150214213, 0.24113149437648446, 0.09060052490550215, 0.2537060105343066, -0.2861535355852064, -0.14247206043016733, 0.09094845487877888, 0.23978211758152138, 0.02300587647883019, -0.09879949769693548, -0.27233089682970035, 0.11060994090107472, -0.22404350013947924, -0.18874612663791557, 0.13957293643818602, 0.07224016485978728, 0.084164226271779, -0.21803789192091916, 0.2547179685399422, 0.008859196723357814, 0.09201531167187647, -0.1204228260362035, -0.15416095490445908, -0.08202561230358223, 0.06197986786314489, -0.03337939019345314, 0.10345006892204528, 0.23097877919562565, -0.15776066046572573, 0.012415582774733395, 0.3883620171977268, -0.005517869250995674, 0.038948040204527586, 0.22794676131730818, -0.2379034556063783, -0.17950955378903966, 0.07459710991951515, 0.12727933563874103, 0.07202576451211075, -0.16164526300373203, 0.01877584864256357, 0.005489156321045416, 0.1929676576072107, 0.046179158757845666, 0.043467213102469586, 0.3050851773835071, 0.09349047470149463, 0.06116625404127104, 0.05115161170808436, -0.18847446798994813, -0.0320260925360186, -0.1872323796497253, -0.07554176963521572, -0.1331786031672812, 0.08135056084771033, -0.1873001704777024, -0.10579537434462943, 0.30817224362196965, 0.027751066211393387, 0.2678638786241999, 0.1306855423092518, 0.23551714740612584, 0.10325289438124341, 0.1696512265211862, 0.08651524524042464, 0.25959764984233874, 0.19878425817106568, 0.020226454961052895, -0.23891676913379975, 0.07235461811373091, -0.036998603239898446] |
708.2512 | The Moduli Space of Polynomial Maps and Their Fixed-Point Multipliers | We consider the family $\mathrm{MP}_d$ of affine conjugacy classes of
polynomial maps of one complex variable with degree $d \geq 2$, and study the
map $\Phi_d:\mathrm{MP}_d\to \widetilde{\Lambda}_d \subset \mathbb{C}^d /
\mathfrak{S}_d$ which maps each $f \in \mathrm{MP}_d$ to the set of fixed-point
multipliers of $f$. We show that the local fiber structure of the map $\Phi_d$
around $\bar{\lambda} \in \widetilde{\Lambda}_d$ is completely determined by
certain two sets $\mathcal{I}(\lambda)$ and $\mathcal{K}(\lambda)$ which are
subsets of the power set of $\{1,2,\ldots,d \}$. Moreover for any
$\bar{\lambda} \in \widetilde{\Lambda}_d$, we give an algorithm for counting
the number of elements of each fiber $\Phi_d^{-1}\left(\bar{\lambda}\right)$
only by using $\mathcal{I}(\lambda)$ and $\mathcal{K}(\lambda)$. It can be
carried out in finitely many steps, and often by hand.
| math.AG math.CV math.DS math.GT | we consider the family mathrmmp_d of affine conjugacy classes of polynomial maps of one complex variable with degree d geq 2 and study the map phi_dmathrmmp_dto widetildelambda_d subset mathbbcd mathfraks_d which maps each f in mathrmmp_d to the set of fixedpoint multipliers of f we show that the local fiber structure of the map phi_d around barlambda in widetildelambda_d is completely determined by certain two sets mathcalilambda and mathcalklambda which are subsets of the power set of 12ldotsd moreover for any barlambda in widetildelambda_d we give an algorithm for counting the number of elements of each fiber phi_d1leftbarlambdaright only by using mathcalilambda and mathcalklambda it can be carried out in finitely many steps and often by hand | [['we', 'consider', 'the', 'family', 'mathrmmp_d', 'of', 'affine', 'conjugacy', 'classes', 'of', 'polynomial', 'maps', 'of', 'one', 'complex', 'variable', 'with', 'degree', 'd', 'geq', '2', 'and', 'study', 'the', 'map', 'phi_dmathrmmp_dto', 'widetildelambda_d', 'subset', 'mathbbcd', 'mathfraks_d', 'which', 'maps', 'each', 'f', 'in', 'mathrmmp_d', 'to', 'the', 'set', 'of', 'fixedpoint', 'multipliers', 'of', 'f', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'local', 'fiber', 'structure', 'of', 'the', 'map', 'phi_d', 'around', 'barlambda', 'in', 'widetildelambda_d', 'is', 'completely', 'determined', 'by', 'certain', 'two', 'sets', 'mathcalilambda', 'and', 'mathcalklambda', 'which', 'are', 'subsets', 'of', 'the', 'power', 'set', 'of', '12ldotsd', 'moreover', 'for', 'any', 'barlambda', 'in', 'widetildelambda_d', 'we', 'give', 'an', 'algorithm', 'for', 'counting', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'elements', 'of', 'each', 'fiber', 'phi_d1leftbarlambdaright', 'only', 'by', 'using', 'mathcalilambda', 'and', 'mathcalklambda', 'it', 'can', 'be', 'carried', 'out', 'in', 'finitely', 'many', 'steps', 'and', 'often', 'by', 'hand']] | [-0.1539308463646607, 0.09337131694840288, -0.03628682373091578, -0.02556567550530996, -0.0017031511799855666, -0.13570628005333923, 0.02237745789091357, 0.3574936908754435, -0.33008602550253274, -0.23073709991506555, 0.09835343044251203, -0.2662356061352925, -0.11780148562446068, 0.2310708416710523, -0.044657608413730156, 0.04096554681785743, 0.02560754812386056, 0.07306519855999134, -0.025181452203965324, -0.27012746692423456, 0.3850263565609401, -0.060823631659150126, 0.171574464160949, -0.009367522576146505, 0.13338921421884814, 0.0027548511258580466, -0.04127213783054189, 0.03506263815374537, -0.13548505216743004, 0.11147834504954517, 0.2500950223406438, 0.1539959330487446, 0.23916233693545855, -0.34281304655808276, -0.12855380405671896, 0.22563091096552937, 0.12933662486347286, 0.008547929519872096, 0.022625700695524838, -0.25182101905176585, 0.15067468627398325, -0.10879431184373309, -0.10087990887378427, -0.0913255469196222, 0.0687954449094832, 0.07489826314955611, -0.2821982542714316, -0.019444881802932783, 0.07912329100919041, 0.09747127446303652, -0.01839787493544546, -0.1213704524667595, -0.04970941386947578, 0.09325628714551303, -0.022808733488306063, 0.06861752671909264, 0.09406787690875883, -0.08843885133550926, -0.08012610321695154, 0.35408788249902, -0.041182993502694776, -0.24913961387699765, 0.12693320989651097, -0.19609991234557872, -0.1783438739155165, 0.14270991594107313, 0.11539751296778294, 0.1379785918291997, -0.10465266843463972, 0.14935764439023017, -0.11376903066623278, 0.155829858452886, 0.11714145858264105, 0.0060925709549337626, 0.1371475810650736, 0.07376066546209833, 0.11304338414761746, 0.13266872410710095, -0.05137617372145707, 0.002345224732363766, -0.3333388341590762, -0.16482042141089384, -0.1496227887141603, 0.06443531025751409, -0.12166909015980888, -0.13879913761365142, 0.41843561692671344, 0.06272329264743762, 0.25680070574480024, 0.05711781640156088, 0.21445007110861214, 0.08748260093667672, 0.0386277783873745, 0.07739756653000686, 0.13526116353882986, 0.11714732677210123, -0.041978454022583635, -0.16567761732731015, 0.0027806213294917885, 0.13469309198924087] |
708.2513 | Pointwise Estimates for Marginals of Convex Bodies | We prove a pointwise version of the multi-dimensional central limit theorem
for convex bodies. Namely, let X be an isotropic random vector in R^n with a
log-concave density. For a typical subspace E in R^n of dimension n^c, consider
the probability density of the projection of X onto E. We show that the ratio
between this probability density and the standard gaussian density in E is very
close to 1 in large parts of E. Here c > 0 is a universal constant. This
complements a recent result by the second named author, where the
total-variation metric between the densities was considered.
| math.MG math.FA | we prove a pointwise version of the multidimensional central limit theorem for convex bodies namely let x be an isotropic random vector in rn with a logconcave density for a typical subspace e in rn of dimension nc consider the probability density of the projection of x onto e we show that the ratio between this probability density and the standard gaussian density in e is very close to 1 in large parts of e here c 0 is a universal constant this complements a recent result by the second named author where the totalvariation metric between the densities was considered | [['we', 'prove', 'a', 'pointwise', 'version', 'of', 'the', 'multidimensional', 'central', 'limit', 'theorem', 'for', 'convex', 'bodies', 'namely', 'let', 'x', 'be', 'an', 'isotropic', 'random', 'vector', 'in', 'rn', 'with', 'a', 'logconcave', 'density', 'for', 'a', 'typical', 'subspace', 'e', 'in', 'rn', 'of', 'dimension', 'nc', 'consider', 'the', 'probability', 'density', 'of', 'the', 'projection', 'of', 'x', 'onto', 'e', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'ratio', 'between', 'this', 'probability', 'density', 'and', 'the', 'standard', 'gaussian', 'density', 'in', 'e', 'is', 'very', 'close', 'to', '1', 'in', 'large', 'parts', 'of', 'e', 'here', 'c', '0', 'is', 'a', 'universal', 'constant', 'this', 'complements', 'a', 'recent', 'result', 'by', 'the', 'second', 'named', 'author', 'where', 'the', 'totalvariation', 'metric', 'between', 'the', 'densities', 'was', 'considered']] | [-0.13149053258544738, 0.11425525190134067, -0.06093831843175547, 0.020142648645704336, 0.036801673656347955, -0.10910020398418649, 0.021483017860146444, 0.31401862201308556, -0.27281212135411725, -0.19380027441178807, 0.04389154445841023, -0.2698576058085897, -0.10225881924299468, 0.1407950476807828, -0.10141211393114069, 0.035276187048985226, -0.004329360246953398, 0.09242877758818098, -0.10175072241085811, -0.21113934872515205, 0.33133961027949166, -0.0018061862815872277, 0.23124718100367353, 0.03330606443860504, 0.09474618029826791, 0.03795460949070973, -0.0024621121880441608, 0.03849499293206499, -0.1671507844894042, 0.13589043350484553, 0.24177409508864922, 0.11979224325830837, 0.28910290313386683, -0.34444297189907275, -0.2100260458093616, 0.17714822250372259, 0.0731799974576524, -0.013183385018480591, -0.021056289035402756, -0.2710677734852796, 0.1172435192534202, -0.1547515437693916, -0.16180109633317236, -0.009106547350414319, 0.11988112612599784, 0.05304657355743912, -0.3303495892277448, 0.09562376502550918, 0.12005096495077752, -0.012640907346169548, -0.04727161458997738, -0.13317629516050958, -0.0007251731885394247, 0.013608291167719751, 0.020092567492340976, 0.1528743999678236, 0.08736517565269576, -0.07601822752708404, -0.07162254327207361, 0.3381485119415908, -0.13190083616035114, -0.2478795657303221, 0.1581935192698078, -0.20539427080680386, -0.14417720577301513, 0.09861392587755281, 0.17127761549758955, 0.15179772188167762, -0.08524022329054626, 0.21389482317360967, -0.09864870058072933, 0.14258229892036997, 0.07632433272215843, -0.016446755705677933, 0.16027682271813698, 0.1126027734498355, 0.14378671914265298, 0.12889831885580194, -0.12138299346615625, -0.03815778971437623, -0.34057444346939575, -0.18798562668558985, -0.25043053568760393, 0.13980540964927635, -0.1208081940040027, -0.14067187968518766, 0.3035879855385364, 0.045339350109126896, 0.28775785206402144, 0.09026778601386612, 0.25715856019887, 0.12919969486054217, -0.03013294856040969, 0.11241477382332456, 0.16966442252039024, 0.173868028910388, 0.029783859240389107, -0.11646161139003315, 0.028482860812945016, 0.11986905406459723] |
708.2514 | Minimum Cost Homomorphisms to Reflexive Digraphs | For digraphs $G$ and $H$, a homomorphism of $G$ to $H$ is a mapping $f:\
V(G)\dom V(H)$ such that $uv\in A(G)$ implies $f(u)f(v)\in A(H)$. If moreover
each vertex $u \in V(G)$ is associated with costs $c_i(u), i \in V(H)$, then
the cost of a homomorphism $f$ is $\sum_{u\in V(G)}c_{f(u)}(u)$. For each fixed
digraph $H$, the {\em minimum cost homomorphism problem} for $H$, denoted
MinHOM($H$), is the following problem. Given an input digraph $G$, together
with costs $c_i(u)$, $u\in V(G)$, $i\in V(H)$, and an integer $k$, decide if
$G$ admits a homomorphism to $H$ of cost not exceeding $k$. We focus on the
minimum cost homomorphism problem for {\em reflexive} digraphs $H$ (every
vertex of $H$ has a loop). It is known that the problem MinHOM($H$) is
polynomial time solvable if the digraph $H$ has a {\em Min-Max ordering}, i.e.,
if its vertices can be linearly ordered by $<$ so that $i<j, s<r$ and $ir, js
\in A(H)$ imply that $is \in A(H)$ and $jr \in A(H)$. We give a forbidden
induced subgraph characterization of reflexive digraphs with a Min-Max
ordering; our characterization implies a polynomial time test for the existence
of a Min-Max ordering. Using this characterization, we show that for a
reflexive digraph $H$ which does not admit a Min-Max ordering, the minimum cost
homomorphism problem is NP-complete. Thus we obtain a full dichotomy
classification of the complexity of minimum cost homomorphism problems for
reflexive digraphs.
| cs.DM cs.CC | for digraphs g and h a homomorphism of g to h is a mapping f vgdom vh such that uvin ag implies fufvin ah if moreover each vertex u in vg is associated with costs c_iu i in vh then the cost of a homomorphism f is sum_uin vgc_fuu for each fixed digraph h the em minimum cost homomorphism problem for h denoted minhomh is the following problem given an input digraph g together with costs c_iu uin vg iin vh and an integer k decide if g admits a homomorphism to h of cost not exceeding k we focus on the minimum cost homomorphism problem for em reflexive digraphs h every vertex of h has a loop it is known that the problem minhomh is polynomial time solvable if the digraph h has a em minmax ordering ie if its vertices can be linearly ordered by so that ij sr and ir js in ah imply that is in ah and jr in ah we give a forbidden induced subgraph characterization of reflexive digraphs with a minmax ordering our characterization implies a polynomial time test for the existence of a minmax ordering using this characterization we show that for a reflexive digraph h which does not admit a minmax ordering the minimum cost homomorphism problem is npcomplete thus we obtain a full dichotomy classification of the complexity of minimum cost homomorphism problems for reflexive digraphs | [['for', 'digraphs', 'g', 'and', 'h', 'a', 'homomorphism', 'of', 'g', 'to', 'h', 'is', 'a', 'mapping', 'f', 'vgdom', 'vh', 'such', 'that', 'uvin', 'ag', 'implies', 'fufvin', 'ah', 'if', 'moreover', 'each', 'vertex', 'u', 'in', 'vg', 'is', 'associated', 'with', 'costs', 'c_iu', 'i', 'in', 'vh', 'then', 'the', 'cost', 'of', 'a', 'homomorphism', 'f', 'is', 'sum_uin', 'vgc_fuu', 'for', 'each', 'fixed', 'digraph', 'h', 'the', 'em', 'minimum', 'cost', 'homomorphism', 'problem', 'for', 'h', 'denoted', 'minhomh', 'is', 'the', 'following', 'problem', 'given', 'an', 'input', 'digraph', 'g', 'together', 'with', 'costs', 'c_iu', 'uin', 'vg', 'iin', 'vh', 'and', 'an', 'integer', 'k', 'decide', 'if', 'g', 'admits', 'a', 'homomorphism', 'to', 'h', 'of', 'cost', 'not', 'exceeding', 'k', 'we', 'focus', 'on', 'the', 'minimum', 'cost', 'homomorphism', 'problem', 'for', 'em', 'reflexive', 'digraphs', 'h', 'every', 'vertex', 'of', 'h', 'has', 'a', 'loop', 'it', 'is', 'known', 'that', 'the', 'problem', 'minhomh', 'is', 'polynomial', 'time', 'solvable', 'if', 'the', 'digraph', 'h', 'has', 'a', 'em', 'minmax', 'ordering', 'ie', 'if', 'its', 'vertices', 'can', 'be', 'linearly', 'ordered', 'by', 'so', 'that', 'ij', 'sr', 'and', 'ir', 'js', 'in', 'ah', 'imply', 'that', 'is', 'in', 'ah', 'and', 'jr', 'in', 'ah', 'we', 'give', 'a', 'forbidden', 'induced', 'subgraph', 'characterization', 'of', 'reflexive', 'digraphs', 'with', 'a', 'minmax', 'ordering', 'our', 'characterization', 'implies', 'a', 'polynomial', 'time', 'test', 'for', 'the', 'existence', 'of', 'a', 'minmax', 'ordering', 'using', 'this', 'characterization', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'for', 'a', 'reflexive', 'digraph', 'h', 'which', 'does', 'not', 'admit', 'a', 'minmax', 'ordering', 'the', 'minimum', 'cost', 'homomorphism', 'problem', 'is', 'npcomplete', 'thus', 'we', 'obtain', 'a', 'full', 'dichotomy', 'classification', 'of', 'the', 'complexity', 'of', 'minimum', 'cost', 'homomorphism', 'problems', 'for', 'reflexive', 'digraphs']] | [-0.1909478302591313, 0.10927164356906002, -0.02472653051113917, 0.024428448034350913, -0.14570818617482248, -0.2420802291474727, 0.07836665029132055, 0.41946601204207945, -0.36812297848618436, -0.24805801018871543, 0.08143510533701707, -0.31322795854937124, -0.11021093946372151, 0.07748152527950194, -0.1283484610572704, -0.014896371217024649, 0.15014223823857167, 0.12825597255066848, -0.01385455780600906, -0.24964733608863038, 0.2633859580800606, -0.038998223705869965, 0.12129291998914993, 0.12050306906676891, 0.10683249057923308, 0.026227251552672196, 0.0430673119556318, 0.10566334195562407, -0.21603292534125965, 0.011436903374627806, 0.3083465227481121, 0.20270260371482715, 0.28944470065558314, -0.3054819309731506, -0.13175089337264037, 0.29356570476437244, 0.06834763816247384, -0.06441947102246201, 0.0018122651490868411, -0.1767936950453963, 0.13379464127147236, -0.12752647110774445, -0.03589245308644305, 0.04447760632755155, 0.18604453768716472, -0.04120030098009664, -0.36549781197453174, -0.02423647583888159, 0.13653234482352805, 0.05357538676018412, 0.01826668803880596, -0.13898385372848657, -0.11557032803021786, 0.024743993975556433, -0.10482145588980335, 0.1396366879184786, 0.024760536230358288, -0.11920241040275154, -0.1874319117120268, 0.3960292289336013, -0.06981672649072786, -0.13606572513962084, 0.11159375471433099, -0.11596034999944779, -0.18041124793056112, 0.16204618331856835, 0.050004874711307004, 0.16202299904603606, -0.07896145988797021, 0.22917243093550682, -0.1607063278181749, 0.08946942684089398, 0.08090642132024226, 0.012475216156767251, 0.08411277992786187, 0.11310515787181818, 0.2362837326179585, 0.18001588667756838, 0.03192638147609412, 0.10915341043474679, -0.3282942122612626, -0.129576284919953, -0.22363505523619998, 0.10139633732577726, -0.1274284025209928, -0.16483038288449597, 0.35575799962394256, 0.06241969674483387, 0.16983807672055948, 0.11887771874103042, 0.17596177475001568, 0.11597573924580844, 0.03626137966107036, 0.17658535136570597, 0.10901442546652168, 0.16149737394781002, -0.05886684009471001, -0.23780497188011232, 0.06417670814145325, 0.21228475515674958] |
708.2515 | Verschraenkung versus Stosszahlansatz: Disappearance of the
Thermodynamic Arrow in a High-Correlation Environment | The crucial role of ambient correlations in determining thermodynamic
behavior is established. A class of entangled states of two macroscopic systems
is constructed such that each component is in a state of thermal equilibrium at
a given temperature, and when the two are allowed to interact heat can flow
from the colder to the hotter system. A dilute gas model exhibiting this
behavior is presented. This reversal of the thermodynamic arrow is a
consequence of the entanglement between the two systems, a condition that is
opposite to molecular chaos and shown to be unlikely in a low-entropy
environment. By contrast, the second law is established by proving Clausius'
inequality in a low-entropy environment. These general results strongly support
the expectation, first expressed by Boltzmann and subsequently elaborated by
others, that the second law is an emergent phenomenon that requires a
low-entropy cosmological environment, one that can effectively function as an
ideal information sink.
| quant-ph cond-mat.stat-mech | the crucial role of ambient correlations in determining thermodynamic behavior is established a class of entangled states of two macroscopic systems is constructed such that each component is in a state of thermal equilibrium at a given temperature and when the two are allowed to interact heat can flow from the colder to the hotter system a dilute gas model exhibiting this behavior is presented this reversal of the thermodynamic arrow is a consequence of the entanglement between the two systems a condition that is opposite to molecular chaos and shown to be unlikely in a lowentropy environment by contrast the second law is established by proving clausius inequality in a lowentropy environment these general results strongly support the expectation first expressed by boltzmann and subsequently elaborated by others that the second law is an emergent phenomenon that requires a lowentropy cosmological environment one that can effectively function as an ideal information sink | [['the', 'crucial', 'role', 'of', 'ambient', 'correlations', 'in', 'determining', 'thermodynamic', 'behavior', 'is', 'established', 'a', 'class', 'of', 'entangled', 'states', 'of', 'two', 'macroscopic', 'systems', 'is', 'constructed', 'such', 'that', 'each', 'component', 'is', 'in', 'a', 'state', 'of', 'thermal', 'equilibrium', 'at', 'a', 'given', 'temperature', 'and', 'when', 'the', 'two', 'are', 'allowed', 'to', 'interact', 'heat', 'can', 'flow', 'from', 'the', 'colder', 'to', 'the', 'hotter', 'system', 'a', 'dilute', 'gas', 'model', 'exhibiting', 'this', 'behavior', 'is', 'presented', 'this', 'reversal', 'of', 'the', 'thermodynamic', 'arrow', 'is', 'a', 'consequence', 'of', 'the', 'entanglement', 'between', 'the', 'two', 'systems', 'a', 'condition', 'that', 'is', 'opposite', 'to', 'molecular', 'chaos', 'and', 'shown', 'to', 'be', 'unlikely', 'in', 'a', 'lowentropy', 'environment', 'by', 'contrast', 'the', 'second', 'law', 'is', 'established', 'by', 'proving', 'clausius', 'inequality', 'in', 'a', 'lowentropy', 'environment', 'these', 'general', 'results', 'strongly', 'support', 'the', 'expectation', 'first', 'expressed', 'by', 'boltzmann', 'and', 'subsequently', 'elaborated', 'by', 'others', 'that', 'the', 'second', 'law', 'is', 'an', 'emergent', 'phenomenon', 'that', 'requires', 'a', 'lowentropy', 'cosmological', 'environment', 'one', 'that', 'can', 'effectively', 'function', 'as', 'an', 'ideal', 'information', 'sink']] | [-0.1418078574195985, 0.1967103669902666, -0.12502127096933477, 0.056745856040875654, -0.029621153351625587, -0.14607735291379048, 0.02337679585283683, 0.30982214561815746, -0.2847998815115383, -0.2660920102585996, 0.080946865307435, -0.27434199490870526, -0.1065009863821948, 0.17864919907802995, -0.013947865368761853, 0.024511512107173214, 0.010293926245675026, 0.04951757048804532, -0.028949800455711442, -0.209529100335964, 0.3431089821110291, 0.06528278336395339, 0.2648230437569783, 0.05112968774183708, 0.09112501643549382, -0.05774295834209648, 0.051777656800326664, 0.06590714775257153, -0.07809585546189196, 0.07895784596631035, 0.22132249282341257, 0.08330402435016593, 0.28497248443659223, -0.41156764143432667, -0.24276292643028927, 0.09885353330230597, 0.13712076204555, 0.11749254923094721, -0.04177185983756204, -0.2546664460203032, 0.04220324114354607, -0.1693503292326152, -0.1769676493188622, -0.056140658925013506, 0.02132992762341803, -0.01713642150504527, -0.26838646631640706, 0.11191570305332445, 0.1065488628741792, 0.023197054264920892, -0.06712166814200483, -0.02516710400137003, -0.050638100680182964, 0.12127351925158233, -0.0007100262476764376, 0.02941736021251083, 0.1642942205862769, -0.1372112476607797, -0.07392993185888319, 0.3846216971538596, -0.07206047923658712, -0.17034937990686208, 0.22664701790713213, -0.13520460733474274, -0.11719472372746156, 0.10642853750865541, 0.08815983989355124, 0.09851362240803961, -0.20106494936282104, 0.026333581032672762, -0.05898993467231847, 0.1665483498900179, 0.01848232373290884, 0.025325638937894742, 0.24823857139601233, 0.1265552108422579, 0.06861255701564349, 0.19715472261742475, -0.0031883072190205843, -0.14960743745429794, -0.29033260681100337, -0.20820672855122027, -0.23733947472038125, 0.08222794026939892, -0.07909482683550058, -0.12425915139413049, 0.32512285191797063, 0.1362389362176722, 0.20170803450629118, 0.0026904475807480125, 0.29013699983410973, 0.1304513240176758, 0.025551728415759464, 0.10166311198906376, 0.25195327768554254, 0.14185262632897136, 0.12432771617412762, -0.237892514156342, 0.12362691350098626, 0.06399745173794917] |
708.2516 | Superconductor-insulator transition in Coulomb disorder | Superconductor-insulator transition driven by the decreasing concentration of
electrons $n$ is studied in the case of the disorder potential created by
randomly positioned charged impurities. Electrons and Cooper pairs (formed by
an non-Coulomb attraction) nonlinearly screen the random potential of
impurities. Both electrons and Cooper pairs can be delocalized or localized in
the resulting self-consistent potential. The border separating the
superconductor and insulator phases in the plane of the concentration of
electrons and the length of the Cooper pair is found. For a strong disorder the
central segment of this border follows the BEC-BCS crossover line defined for a
clean sample.
| cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.dis-nn | superconductorinsulator transition driven by the decreasing concentration of electrons n is studied in the case of the disorder potential created by randomly positioned charged impurities electrons and cooper pairs formed by an noncoulomb attraction nonlinearly screen the random potential of impurities both electrons and cooper pairs can be delocalized or localized in the resulting selfconsistent potential the border separating the superconductor and insulator phases in the plane of the concentration of electrons and the length of the cooper pair is found for a strong disorder the central segment of this border follows the becbcs crossover line defined for a clean sample | [['superconductorinsulator', 'transition', 'driven', 'by', 'the', 'decreasing', 'concentration', 'of', 'electrons', 'n', 'is', 'studied', 'in', 'the', 'case', 'of', 'the', 'disorder', 'potential', 'created', 'by', 'randomly', 'positioned', 'charged', 'impurities', 'electrons', 'and', 'cooper', 'pairs', 'formed', 'by', 'an', 'noncoulomb', 'attraction', 'nonlinearly', 'screen', 'the', 'random', 'potential', 'of', 'impurities', 'both', 'electrons', 'and', 'cooper', 'pairs', 'can', 'be', 'delocalized', 'or', 'localized', 'in', 'the', 'resulting', 'selfconsistent', 'potential', 'the', 'border', 'separating', 'the', 'superconductor', 'and', 'insulator', 'phases', 'in', 'the', 'plane', 'of', 'the', 'concentration', 'of', 'electrons', 'and', 'the', 'length', 'of', 'the', 'cooper', 'pair', 'is', 'found', 'for', 'a', 'strong', 'disorder', 'the', 'central', 'segment', 'of', 'this', 'border', 'follows', 'the', 'becbcs', 'crossover', 'line', 'defined', 'for', 'a', 'clean', 'sample']] | [-0.20065456551112382, 0.27828116729376623, -0.0013875629808200469, 0.07239957979654359, 0.061689863200437754, -0.18132651228420804, 0.09702986364464948, 0.306576058831029, -0.2480638442275179, -0.22922360289860333, -0.06526126738264235, -0.3796549195257744, -0.03904056448102145, 0.09249571649274688, 0.06088947545331303, -0.03575239135044636, -0.040330903683005286, -0.03407816096015348, -0.06257499235285686, -0.22365743420455642, 0.34945381834807965, 0.01009810411620258, 0.3475366593753495, 0.11327355090842241, -0.014883806689245866, 0.05435624513026623, 0.08587510829260066, 0.051942191400224026, -0.08288374259182722, 0.04074967277263946, 0.2233213901169377, -0.0744071086997738, 0.22939174514411403, -0.4498001068162975, -0.19188106915738323, 0.07010769063726731, 0.20970334266635157, 0.12976836615776882, -0.13600560941383022, -0.3625443865254632, 0.031150142680669186, -0.11341792574650285, -0.1671073654629659, 0.04239478192089292, 0.056954908493611185, 0.05841051913004848, -0.2683962381094473, 0.10175751755475113, 0.10352198774050368, 0.026814174158314226, -0.047723865415439895, -0.03466580695666299, -0.10618203484204293, 0.07864650725248722, 0.032159992147900975, 0.07788761424380217, 0.1989530223873582, -0.11987418115904352, -0.05669926067740463, 0.3307610457385014, -0.038974104907898474, -0.10718759073700646, 0.19225218840459785, -0.15752982890413783, 0.03626778233095561, 0.18942150250446088, 0.12355948444271442, 0.12209803954061896, -0.15032931608735758, 0.08738052918769346, -0.04430132813401299, 0.1444301887848737, 0.04455221159438981, 0.012105696013953426, 0.2932146704562082, 0.16436953941535315, 0.03828832976483178, 0.18244560362453027, -0.14568291231705305, -0.07039732426995098, -0.26528480394494414, -0.16859123370342768, -0.29125306216451236, -0.005733379264279167, -0.06584259720074272, -0.2172490672881503, 0.4005650506668383, 0.09466668082479535, 0.23755543379776992, -0.07449666516726265, 0.18461414557964642, 0.12463972540019025, 0.03956396747288285, 0.03360755677308454, 0.231285757509678, 0.16235451546778884, 0.06829611804004353, -0.2653339214272576, 0.03525479429281584, 0.0823690933774751] |
708.2517 | Implementing controlled-NOT gate based on free spin qubits with
semiconductor quantum-dot array | Based on electron spins in semiconductor quantum dots as qubits, a new
quantum controlled-NOT(CNOT) gate is constructed in solid nanostructure without
resorting to spin-spin interactions. Single electron tunneling technology and
coherent quantum-dot cellular automata architecture are used to generate an
ancillary charge entangled state. Using the ancillary charge entangled state as
an intermediate state, we obtain a spin entangled state and design a CNOT gate
by using only single spin rotations.
| quant-ph | based on electron spins in semiconductor quantum dots as qubits a new quantum controllednotcnot gate is constructed in solid nanostructure without resorting to spinspin interactions single electron tunneling technology and coherent quantumdot cellular automata architecture are used to generate an ancillary charge entangled state using the ancillary charge entangled state as an intermediate state we obtain a spin entangled state and design a cnot gate by using only single spin rotations | [['based', 'on', 'electron', 'spins', 'in', 'semiconductor', 'quantum', 'dots', 'as', 'qubits', 'a', 'new', 'quantum', 'controllednotcnot', 'gate', 'is', 'constructed', 'in', 'solid', 'nanostructure', 'without', 'resorting', 'to', 'spinspin', 'interactions', 'single', 'electron', 'tunneling', 'technology', 'and', 'coherent', 'quantumdot', 'cellular', 'automata', 'architecture', 'are', 'used', 'to', 'generate', 'an', 'ancillary', 'charge', 'entangled', 'state', 'using', 'the', 'ancillary', 'charge', 'entangled', 'state', 'as', 'an', 'intermediate', 'state', 'we', 'obtain', 'a', 'spin', 'entangled', 'state', 'and', 'design', 'a', 'cnot', 'gate', 'by', 'using', 'only', 'single', 'spin', 'rotations']] | [-0.1654804592819086, 0.28037675796118233, 0.01958052304024542, 0.01900668369572876, 0.05880485408540283, -0.3186329485449408, 0.08811736474744976, 0.4480323742542948, -0.23139117498482978, -0.272733525665743, -0.023829884364801858, -0.26360467333745746, -0.014594078882198248, 0.23567457097981656, 0.03018376432758357, 0.10415684451748218, 0.03846560203071151, -0.03775478029357535, -0.07388808426580258, -0.1930382936560948, 0.2484183733948157, -0.004418712006216603, 0.3214511481778962, -0.015327260989163602, 0.1588992640885408, 0.08512233570883317, 0.17036501076072455, -0.08393218625070793, -0.04656008452709232, 0.08438006972761027, 0.29532157178036866, 0.01668746798033161, 0.18165795411914587, -0.5518742699974349, -0.1699109271002401, -0.014878335422171013, 0.1487144009147804, 0.26730574788858313, -0.09379234418572326, -0.3683422108313867, -0.05579792085502829, -0.26445150922185606, -0.04619339777023664, -0.1578612101397344, -0.03590608706165637, -0.02511015040217899, -0.2576712800206484, 0.04048650986514986, 0.031377333502418225, 0.015419821530979658, -0.0005161690459187542, -0.01455666965671948, -0.04801823624875397, 0.11660776533452528, -0.18587152795932654, 0.07110754906732057, 0.2584088166709989, -0.11478013109133046, -0.29294143417584045, 0.24170172742035773, -0.0249714764633349, -0.22099756856581995, 0.11991315614764712, -0.08627668553298073, -0.027983099302010876, 0.07836799001587288, 0.09692009845748543, 0.10215937151972737, -0.18445520825750594, 0.05980323239262881, 0.0022407049180141517, 0.3052169704543693, 0.032276161284452036, 0.20346419388162237, 0.26249642868393236, 0.1596140337309667, 0.10736491843791944, 0.2030702164928828, -0.10617469086511326, -0.1305784618947655, -0.23830063223306622, -0.2220198078413627, -0.32029965120766846, 0.21396073498097914, 0.0008871850229167778, -0.14802522608744248, 0.39903753105817097, 0.07082014669431373, 0.0939137727022171, -0.08742102988596473, 0.29709531981498005, 0.09164924234085317, 0.08739413529900568, 0.00538123419641384, 0.18942737585332778, 0.20626392519168024, 0.050343514869122634, -0.2906662364631692, 0.024465616140514613, 0.013445730673681412] |
708.2518 | Comment to "Multipolar expansion of the electrostatic interaction
between charged colloids at interfaces" | We present a comment to a recent paper by Dominguez et. al. They claimed that
the electrostatic interaction between charged colloids trapped at an interface
formed by a dielectric and a screening phase is always isotropic to order
$d^-3$. Base on this result, they claimed that in-plane dipolar attraction of
order $d^-3$ between colloids cannot exist, in contrast to previous proposals.
We point out that their analysis is not completed and anisotropic (dipolar)
interaction between colloids can exist up to order $d^-3$.
| cond-mat.soft | we present a comment to a recent paper by dominguez et al they claimed that the electrostatic interaction between charged colloids trapped at an interface formed by a dielectric and a screening phase is always isotropic to order d3 base on this result they claimed that inplane dipolar attraction of order d3 between colloids cannot exist in contrast to previous proposals we point out that their analysis is not completed and anisotropic dipolar interaction between colloids can exist up to order d3 | [['we', 'present', 'a', 'comment', 'to', 'a', 'recent', 'paper', 'by', 'dominguez', 'et', 'al', 'they', 'claimed', 'that', 'the', 'electrostatic', 'interaction', 'between', 'charged', 'colloids', 'trapped', 'at', 'an', 'interface', 'formed', 'by', 'a', 'dielectric', 'and', 'a', 'screening', 'phase', 'is', 'always', 'isotropic', 'to', 'order', 'd3', 'base', 'on', 'this', 'result', 'they', 'claimed', 'that', 'inplane', 'dipolar', 'attraction', 'of', 'order', 'd3', 'between', 'colloids', 'can', 'not', 'exist', 'in', 'contrast', 'to', 'previous', 'proposals', 'we', 'point', 'out', 'that', 'their', 'analysis', 'is', 'not', 'completed', 'and', 'anisotropic', 'dipolar', 'interaction', 'between', 'colloids', 'can', 'exist', 'up', 'to', 'order', 'd3']] | [-0.16537671391178954, 0.18722108642290858, -0.06995591323777854, 0.014722249354235828, -0.05805636952485306, -0.15298870081328844, 0.0265998043307855, 0.4254532702469144, -0.17445953026503683, -0.3140527411218149, -0.010556312161497772, -0.3046672947884324, -0.18382466754438467, 0.10107246796454651, -0.006535430316790849, -0.012028939393629512, -0.03866651916809111, -0.03942243478833193, -0.04820909211412072, -0.2799235554973045, 0.2640440904770989, 0.059905565310134946, 0.25340812313314304, 0.12692724712507195, 0.015347450932330755, -0.01387985589274441, 0.054597577955349384, 0.09725047306842115, -0.17846572135302663, 0.08396281117954886, 0.2419028602195455, -0.054377419094229676, 0.2042278195899653, -0.440453959292317, -0.19693922931019844, 0.14563075403110629, 0.2037132983376463, 0.1716898348721036, -0.08381969379597759, -0.2780848994895995, 0.037293340533926904, -0.16346199733081712, -0.13523794868848768, -0.10294658457299313, 0.05069075475435659, 0.023700280586280018, -0.27743115243558064, 0.08081313699528754, 0.15196051534983407, 0.026259263416370714, -0.05003889368465507, -0.04409452569839287, -0.01932220635038004, 0.06661572944687073, 0.06917934415929289, 0.08308113864847426, 0.12812793678996792, -0.08764144111458347, -0.09576815475866828, 0.3558618528656213, -0.04856688148168151, -0.17966349886629326, 0.28925710922129544, -0.12250647390912096, -0.06327674326946936, 0.13499630953981934, 0.12266148910128388, 0.10206307336710484, -0.13579662806769632, 0.08179841003610741, -0.048491969008941246, 0.22248799775913639, 0.12067998615261841, -0.06401426860703582, 0.27575940275228167, 0.09557970964310533, 0.03153249521526587, 0.11155188318162439, -0.05876647167648357, -0.08532361536222252, -0.27330353473459024, -0.12934901208493366, -0.2218735754624548, 0.04395747152949594, -0.04759037606831898, -0.1504175087369709, 0.2711829669908228, 0.166865534710148, 0.17514074026012277, -0.027683236664273293, 0.23143616166100445, 0.024507329630923558, 0.04495536199075181, 0.0726249769066337, 0.33113666646272305, 0.08977012152794793, 0.12518549143864088, -0.1988815852505413, 0.0213853785928047, 0.10730194723435554] |
708.2519 | Incommensurate Spin Ordering and Fluctuations in underdoped
La_{2-x}Ba_{x}CuO_{4} | Using neutron scattering techniques, we have studied incommensurate spin
ordering as well as low energy spin dynamics in single crystal underdoped \LBCO
with x$\sim$0.095 and 0.08; high temperature superconductors with T$_C \sim$ 27
K and 29 K respectively. Static two dimensional incommensurate magnetic order
appears below T$_N$=39.5 $\pm$ 0.3 K in \LBCO (x=0.095) and a similar
temperature for x=0.08 within the low temperature tetragonal phase. The spin
order is unaffected by either the onset of superconductivity or the application
of magnetic fields of up to 7 Tesla applied along the c-axis in the x=0.095
sample. Such magnetic field {\it independent} behaviour is in marked contrast
with the field induced enhancement of the staggered magnetisation observed in
the related \LSCO system, indicating this phenomenon is not a universal
property of cuprate superconductors. Surprisingly, we find that
incommensurability $\delta $ is only weakly dependent on doping relative to
\LSCO. Dispersive excitations in \LBCO (x=0.095) at the same incommensurate
wavevector persist up to at least 60 K. The dynamical spin susceptibility of
the low energy spin excitations saturates below \tc, in a similar manner to
that seen in the superconducting state of La$_2$CuO$_{4+y}$.
| cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.str-el | using neutron scattering techniques we have studied incommensurate spin ordering as well as low energy spin dynamics in single crystal underdoped lbco with xsim0095 and 008 high temperature superconductors with t_c sim 27 k and 29 k respectively static two dimensional incommensurate magnetic order appears below t_n395 pm 03 k in lbco x0095 and a similar temperature for x008 within the low temperature tetragonal phase the spin order is unaffected by either the onset of superconductivity or the application of magnetic fields of up to 7 tesla applied along the caxis in the x0095 sample such magnetic field it independent behaviour is in marked contrast with the field induced enhancement of the staggered magnetisation observed in the related lsco system indicating this phenomenon is not a universal property of cuprate superconductors surprisingly we find that incommensurability delta is only weakly dependent on doping relative to lsco dispersive excitations in lbco x0095 at the same incommensurate wavevector persist up to at least 60 k the dynamical spin susceptibility of the low energy spin excitations saturates below tc in a similar manner to that seen in the superconducting state of la_2cuo_4y | [['using', 'neutron', 'scattering', 'techniques', 'we', 'have', 'studied', 'incommensurate', 'spin', 'ordering', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'low', 'energy', 'spin', 'dynamics', 'in', 'single', 'crystal', 'underdoped', 'lbco', 'with', 'xsim0095', 'and', '008', 'high', 'temperature', 'superconductors', 'with', 't_c', 'sim', '27', 'k', 'and', '29', 'k', 'respectively', 'static', 'two', 'dimensional', 'incommensurate', 'magnetic', 'order', 'appears', 'below', 't_n395', 'pm', '03', 'k', 'in', 'lbco', 'x0095', 'and', 'a', 'similar', 'temperature', 'for', 'x008', 'within', 'the', 'low', 'temperature', 'tetragonal', 'phase', 'the', 'spin', 'order', 'is', 'unaffected', 'by', 'either', 'the', 'onset', 'of', 'superconductivity', 'or', 'the', 'application', 'of', 'magnetic', 'fields', 'of', 'up', 'to', '7', 'tesla', 'applied', 'along', 'the', 'caxis', 'in', 'the', 'x0095', 'sample', 'such', 'magnetic', 'field', 'it', 'independent', 'behaviour', 'is', 'in', 'marked', 'contrast', 'with', 'the', 'field', 'induced', 'enhancement', 'of', 'the', 'staggered', 'magnetisation', 'observed', 'in', 'the', 'related', 'lsco', 'system', 'indicating', 'this', 'phenomenon', 'is', 'not', 'a', 'universal', 'property', 'of', 'cuprate', 'superconductors', 'surprisingly', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'incommensurability', 'delta', 'is', 'only', 'weakly', 'dependent', 'on', 'doping', 'relative', 'to', 'lsco', 'dispersive', 'excitations', 'in', 'lbco', 'x0095', 'at', 'the', 'same', 'incommensurate', 'wavevector', 'persist', 'up', 'to', 'at', 'least', '60', 'k', 'the', 'dynamical', 'spin', 'susceptibility', 'of', 'the', 'low', 'energy', 'spin', 'excitations', 'saturates', 'below', 'tc', 'in', 'a', 'similar', 'manner', 'to', 'that', 'seen', 'in', 'the', 'superconducting', 'state', 'of', 'la_2cuo_4y']] | [-0.2047517160451747, 0.3032385218031904, -0.005620360762916784, 0.009574886769390003, -0.040342454741245766, -0.12817795031372817, 0.10376629981406552, 0.3896552526994663, -0.24106972147884934, -0.31026949424714967, -0.007069588608960098, -0.3591294936676395, -0.04789814383431492, 0.16158356013418956, 0.07117326990053814, -0.0007870562105653757, -0.11931516582714045, 0.05716418931049041, -0.15628891509215542, -0.2346410591729274, 0.25064482254020987, -0.007090294838697465, 0.32883972377282256, 0.06918175558106386, 0.0513017766746035, -0.005258588193801237, 0.17145881291530543, 0.04680392281824653, -0.15907175679646623, -0.05161032680531635, 0.31934892355693495, -0.1374967318575815, 0.14202434691841115, -0.35657922650872137, -0.20113416468814255, -0.0025179492867487, 0.15658714806282503, 0.10903439080631509, -0.027453678649667163, -0.2193120411668162, 0.11064784116246165, -0.11166159104665413, -0.151462157580623, -0.09713185780918547, -0.029374389287911078, -0.03806668624560782, -0.21758313982294283, 0.19370742287626241, 0.10033347612601876, 0.1610896335018271, -0.11559654056342981, -0.1593132929628675, -0.06359666562514668, -0.02920270619202993, 0.07713753462054414, 0.17826990966988918, 0.13233637892925007, -0.10895101890705786, -0.08814920618866177, 0.32006444368152853, -0.08484535916511686, 0.0040524890594200585, 0.15098510602399468, -0.24813990155732965, -0.09730021022559009, 0.22063528846720243, 0.09669891559054457, 0.09101040200685166, -0.09521867322889879, 0.0639160627975156, 0.007247406585928909, 0.2327343700603049, 0.08119623190822967, 0.07651124159552725, 0.24409936337711857, 0.20531254777196736, 0.03828506642469469, 0.1079604937371245, -0.14668061166882196, -0.016395243187621734, -0.20116634092064584, -0.11298795190968496, -0.19018095817396985, 0.08327641575804222, -0.10283745703000119, -0.16772321930882286, 0.349661630987816, 0.1644980298379501, 0.2300296541612177, -0.09085981629634485, 0.19656902582529076, 0.11078929418404114, 0.09310512673196926, 0.09328358933419229, 0.22247988658578677, 0.22380028860917425, 0.17220854517421064, -0.30815203118768025, 0.051564035289746554, -0.03609528470666765] |
708.252 | Comparing tamed and compatible symplectic cones and cohomological
properties of almost complex manifolds | We introduce certain homology and cohomology subgroups for any almost complex
structure and study their pureness, fullness and duality properties. Motivated
by a question of Donaldson, we use these groups to relate J-tamed symplectic
cones and J-compatible symplectic cones over a large class of almost complex
manifolds, including all Kahler manifolds, almost Kahler 4-manifolds and
complex surfaces.
| math.SG math.AG math.DG | we introduce certain homology and cohomology subgroups for any almost complex structure and study their pureness fullness and duality properties motivated by a question of donaldson we use these groups to relate jtamed symplectic cones and jcompatible symplectic cones over a large class of almost complex manifolds including all kahler manifolds almost kahler 4manifolds and complex surfaces | [['we', 'introduce', 'certain', 'homology', 'and', 'cohomology', 'subgroups', 'for', 'any', 'almost', 'complex', 'structure', 'and', 'study', 'their', 'pureness', 'fullness', 'and', 'duality', 'properties', 'motivated', 'by', 'a', 'question', 'of', 'donaldson', 'we', 'use', 'these', 'groups', 'to', 'relate', 'jtamed', 'symplectic', 'cones', 'and', 'jcompatible', 'symplectic', 'cones', 'over', 'a', 'large', 'class', 'of', 'almost', 'complex', 'manifolds', 'including', 'all', 'kahler', 'manifolds', 'almost', 'kahler', '4manifolds', 'and', 'complex', 'surfaces']] | [-0.25746508638628507, 0.051257535070180896, -0.06394278159873053, 0.14902799061753533, -0.1351864005269652, -0.1279407137496905, -0.01941802513531663, 0.40741246373138645, -0.3159416507252238, -0.25435109433125364, 0.11315537547184662, -0.21926256259056656, -0.2450688267465342, 0.194244775142182, -0.19452229423279113, 0.017038672823797573, 0.06887903873893347, -0.026776588716628878, -0.1337495940483429, -0.320413247032345, 0.5707860659469258, -0.06152987088161436, 0.18968762398104777, 0.12230401933193207, 0.14392960958860138, -0.012191814717582681, -0.014326699044216762, 0.00408320047638633, -0.1582613383335146, 0.17625684887170792, 0.31326162066649305, -0.002155962849924849, 0.0904165497938679, -0.3816597426225516, -0.17325732330368324, 0.24074255876581777, 0.08317408188965848, -0.01608845007775182, -0.01878141640600833, -0.3047970926897092, 0.10377442284741185, -0.09798642459579489, -0.20918715865012596, -0.22188037444244732, 0.00021320715207945217, 0.008890662278810685, -0.09360892894275656, -0.048384280604395, 0.09987525085664609, 0.15147801740941677, -0.08816219561479309, -0.06993491116233848, -0.08065987055782567, 0.11195814235305244, 0.018571565799753775, 0.004145119326527823, 0.11342988131906498, -0.08377176191319119, -0.14579195353964514, 0.39099346805702556, -0.04472628931768916, -0.2606475781988014, 0.1494783661920916, -0.15082880229773846, -0.2199965707280419, 0.13742370443757285, 0.10343219035051086, 0.23294445387172427, -0.02449047960108146, 0.21812627860239114, -0.0966703745282509, -0.02212951569394632, 0.14388102000071243, -0.0147448494522409, 0.13051168035440655, 0.0622051727026701, 0.15329221095889806, 0.056952645392580464, 0.08523761823942716, -0.0830728009427813, -0.2792725882069631, -0.2807029286060821, -0.04147940186826004, 0.255165008963509, -0.13420184512744363, -0.20784270243973219, 0.44223456423390994, -0.06961972340094773, 0.2144926641136408, 0.19780996104871684, 0.15258422755630982, -0.10370890848677267, 0.05941208827478642, 0.08759995345026254, 0.10195470713078976, 0.276455144317482, -0.04094428393185477, -0.049953092939474364, -0.1259352216412398, 0.16460219814696095] |
708.2521 | Trigonometric quark confinement potential of QCD traits | We make the case that the Coulomb- plus linear quark confinement potential
predicted by lattice QCD is an approximation to the exactly solvable
trigonometric Rosen-Morse potential that has the property to interpolate
between the Coulomb- and the infinite wells. We test the predictive power of
this potential in the description of the nucleon (considered as a quark-diquark
system) and provide analytic expressions for its mass spectrum and the proton
electric form factor. We compare the results obtained in this fashion to data
and find quite good agreement. We obtain an effective gluon propagator in
closed form as the Fourier transform of the potential under investigation.
| hep-ph nucl-th | we make the case that the coulomb plus linear quark confinement potential predicted by lattice qcd is an approximation to the exactly solvable trigonometric rosenmorse potential that has the property to interpolate between the coulomb and the infinite wells we test the predictive power of this potential in the description of the nucleon considered as a quarkdiquark system and provide analytic expressions for its mass spectrum and the proton electric form factor we compare the results obtained in this fashion to data and find quite good agreement we obtain an effective gluon propagator in closed form as the fourier transform of the potential under investigation | [['we', 'make', 'the', 'case', 'that', 'the', 'coulomb', 'plus', 'linear', 'quark', 'confinement', 'potential', 'predicted', 'by', 'lattice', 'qcd', 'is', 'an', 'approximation', 'to', 'the', 'exactly', 'solvable', 'trigonometric', 'rosenmorse', 'potential', 'that', 'has', 'the', 'property', 'to', 'interpolate', 'between', 'the', 'coulomb', 'and', 'the', 'infinite', 'wells', 'we', 'test', 'the', 'predictive', 'power', 'of', 'this', 'potential', 'in', 'the', 'description', 'of', 'the', 'nucleon', 'considered', 'as', 'a', 'quarkdiquark', 'system', 'and', 'provide', 'analytic', 'expressions', 'for', 'its', 'mass', 'spectrum', 'and', 'the', 'proton', 'electric', 'form', 'factor', 'we', 'compare', 'the', 'results', 'obtained', 'in', 'this', 'fashion', 'to', 'data', 'and', 'find', 'quite', 'good', 'agreement', 'we', 'obtain', 'an', 'effective', 'gluon', 'propagator', 'in', 'closed', 'form', 'as', 'the', 'fourier', 'transform', 'of', 'the', 'potential', 'under', 'investigation']] | [-0.08546582665294408, 0.08085091056196862, -0.1259664442434552, 0.11957384208993366, -0.033776011193792026, -0.1164224392130217, 0.04219092695219886, 0.37271571187745955, -0.20095499648845622, -0.24222814710367294, 0.0057957267805856345, -0.2851631978615409, -0.11919527222358045, 0.1685331423899957, 0.03119632712609711, 0.06135787655144841, 0.039428401015521516, 0.06175989952365247, -0.09341545752471402, -0.2160837358395968, 0.29815100547635837, 0.04163103324050705, 0.23214907810491112, 0.12247013353598526, 0.07219962319470055, 0.04675779403187334, 0.02205333070208629, -0.01402732828365905, -0.1403792670724215, 0.09378995800923023, 0.19441847731747355, 0.026431344121339774, 0.18515389581166564, -0.41668102278241087, -0.17105301607710618, 0.0954059777825716, 0.16062493401003025, 0.11218294170241626, -0.08546012746436256, -0.24481656290812506, 0.040818280673452785, -0.22065779209314357, -0.21405505913620193, -0.15369323890301442, 0.01416570899919385, 0.018699589602294422, -0.3289400602513481, 0.07206663655954236, 0.010996146402543499, 0.00035044489095092837, -0.11278533522771406, -0.15003892977034583, 0.005105970813227552, 0.1083656862422469, 0.07383867300093351, 0.08236842885879533, 0.09011564039205301, -0.1698339483212857, -0.07877839260535048, 0.4318797955555575, -0.0868334860158419, -0.2154937268722625, 0.1303632552957251, -0.1715571518144792, -0.07575042415188536, 0.08213924464015733, 0.1435213108680078, 0.04587571451529151, -0.19065268550600326, 0.14965574815647587, -0.05602166686162707, 0.12423604530770155, 0.08914658672043256, 0.03017527026815861, 0.17002190588308233, 0.12877845939780985, 0.018556353072857572, 0.14215814663939888, -0.04819109340508779, -0.12136207674408243, -0.33561969516532764, -0.10179005080745333, -0.18418961045376603, 0.052494958207188615, -0.10774099469750321, -0.19054981596058324, 0.4116580875085977, 0.09621292813459323, 0.19882217813948436, 0.061214529655297244, 0.2960193459476743, 0.19155756104072288, 0.06011825577311573, 0.05439844486481022, 0.26072107397374655, 0.17051789715575674, 0.09219131858221122, -0.26357329161172466, -0.058587265914926925, 0.0795507934920135] |
708.2522 | Higher Spin Alternating Sign Matrices | We define a higher spin alternating sign matrix to be an integer-entry square
matrix in which, for a nonnegative integer r, all complete row and column sums
are r, and all partial row and column sums extending from each end of the row
or column are nonnegative. Such matrices correspond to configurations of spin
r/2 statistical mechanical vertex models with domain-wall boundary conditions.
The case r=1 gives standard alternating sign matrices, while the case in which
all matrix entries are nonnegative gives semimagic squares. We show that the
higher spin alternating sign matrices of size n are the integer points of the
r-th dilate of an integral convex polytope of dimension (n-1)^2 whose vertices
are the standard alternating sign matrices of size n. It then follows that, for
fixed n, these matrices are enumerated by an Ehrhart polynomial in r.
| math.CO math-ph math.MP | we define a higher spin alternating sign matrix to be an integerentry square matrix in which for a nonnegative integer r all complete row and column sums are r and all partial row and column sums extending from each end of the row or column are nonnegative such matrices correspond to configurations of spin r2 statistical mechanical vertex models with domainwall boundary conditions the case r1 gives standard alternating sign matrices while the case in which all matrix entries are nonnegative gives semimagic squares we show that the higher spin alternating sign matrices of size n are the integer points of the rth dilate of an integral convex polytope of dimension n12 whose vertices are the standard alternating sign matrices of size n it then follows that for fixed n these matrices are enumerated by an ehrhart polynomial in r | [['we', 'define', 'a', 'higher', 'spin', 'alternating', 'sign', 'matrix', 'to', 'be', 'an', 'integerentry', 'square', 'matrix', 'in', 'which', 'for', 'a', 'nonnegative', 'integer', 'r', 'all', 'complete', 'row', 'and', 'column', 'sums', 'are', 'r', 'and', 'all', 'partial', 'row', 'and', 'column', 'sums', 'extending', 'from', 'each', 'end', 'of', 'the', 'row', 'or', 'column', 'are', 'nonnegative', 'such', 'matrices', 'correspond', 'to', 'configurations', 'of', 'spin', 'r2', 'statistical', 'mechanical', 'vertex', 'models', 'with', 'domainwall', 'boundary', 'conditions', 'the', 'case', 'r1', 'gives', 'standard', 'alternating', 'sign', 'matrices', 'while', 'the', 'case', 'in', 'which', 'all', 'matrix', 'entries', 'are', 'nonnegative', 'gives', 'semimagic', 'squares', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'higher', 'spin', 'alternating', 'sign', 'matrices', 'of', 'size', 'n', 'are', 'the', 'integer', 'points', 'of', 'the', 'rth', 'dilate', 'of', 'an', 'integral', 'convex', 'polytope', 'of', 'dimension', 'n12', 'whose', 'vertices', 'are', 'the', 'standard', 'alternating', 'sign', 'matrices', 'of', 'size', 'n', 'it', 'then', 'follows', 'that', 'for', 'fixed', 'n', 'these', 'matrices', 'are', 'enumerated', 'by', 'an', 'ehrhart', 'polynomial', 'in', 'r']] | [-0.16564067365373852, 0.16844895374138333, 0.03899969657876348, -0.007549290424681825, -0.054996384267541144, -0.19178998359083702, -0.027311662696938452, 0.38442132417313596, -0.32672827331711063, -0.21234551264415327, 0.15319308488572808, -0.3342444060249723, -0.1369593995924798, 0.05528695049876575, -0.023680797332509173, 0.06657904963069361, -0.0015024622406462113, 0.08112131183457783, -0.17056295227614507, -0.33027184383421065, 0.27497012307197394, -0.07054638705826063, 0.15640983739934808, 0.018411197707981622, 0.0936339397264792, 0.03337012203544271, -0.013366183276093907, 0.024647230463330266, -0.07512862591473671, 0.07593054305293041, 0.2711292908089824, 0.10642553299913357, 0.1911540897362095, -0.44827793482959055, -0.06985374162871417, 0.1891700307396408, 0.12996438812973687, 0.0344456009158074, 0.019392240383802987, -0.1676705390375724, 0.13590716366260816, -0.1619393583856148, -0.15148665453474836, -0.03580664100105332, 0.060855784155294405, 0.026470105565344015, -0.36765057714857, 0.05453482671245504, 0.08158773733905965, 0.06538750185558351, 0.010989777095575663, -0.3347676108932967, 0.005216320041942296, 0.06670229624799393, 0.013354588735500257, 0.013627480738963797, 0.06774995095438237, -0.06200568482494183, -0.13146785573142736, 0.32684159441348565, -0.027119959907257837, -0.26820269975771044, 0.06963926968131241, -0.18592572978047803, -0.12305540583103144, 0.1576542770222044, 0.10328308598761507, 0.12239001948627637, -0.06623544661234394, 0.1341303238580707, -0.1849320387265062, 0.14273481177527914, 0.11197987842045241, -0.021262008589591912, 0.19952086901975621, -0.012129765699061452, 0.1812309210771601, 0.1417604482677437, -0.018205798926207124, -0.06211198426501678, -0.28028569111881924, -0.15827417419888348, -0.26706591016937903, 0.10270701313940742, -0.2260426741532886, -0.20258387671649564, 0.38929356899273265, 0.05415376587335369, 0.23827858221308468, 0.14154155981365135, 0.2085481975244345, 0.12831654170864737, 0.059335445556387624, 0.07134447582970581, 0.06563647771120179, 0.20977988791745827, -0.00520731806386557, -0.1841960998248684, 0.041966117707436246, 0.20535430257215345] |
708.2523 | Lattice Calculation of Thermal Properties of Low-Density Neutron Matter
with Pionless NN Effective Field Theory | Thermal properties of low-density neutron matter are investigated by
determinantal quantum Monte Carlo lattice calculations on 3+1 dimensional cubic
lattices. Nuclear effective field theory (EFT) is applied using the pionless
single- and two-parameter neutron-neutron interactions, determined from the
$^1S_0$ scattering length and effective range. The determination of the
interactions and the calculations of neutron matter are carried out
consistently by applying EFT power counting rules. The thermodynamic limit is
taken by the method of finite-size scaling, and the continuum limit is examined
in the vanishing lattice filling limit. The $^1S_0$ pairing gap at $T \approx
0$ is computed directly from the off-diagonal long-range order of the spin
pair-pair correlation function, and is found to be approximately 30% smaller
than BCS calculations with the conventional nucleon-nucleon potentials. The
critical temperature $T_c$ of the normal-to-superfluid phase transition and the
pairing temperature scale $T^\ast$ are determined, and the temperature-density
phase diagram is constructed. The physics of low-density neutron matter is
clearly identified as being a BCS-Bose-Einstein condensation crossover.
| nucl-th | thermal properties of lowdensity neutron matter are investigated by determinantal quantum monte carlo lattice calculations on 31 dimensional cubic lattices nuclear effective field theory eft is applied using the pionless single and twoparameter neutronneutron interactions determined from the 1s_0 scattering length and effective range the determination of the interactions and the calculations of neutron matter are carried out consistently by applying eft power counting rules the thermodynamic limit is taken by the method of finitesize scaling and the continuum limit is examined in the vanishing lattice filling limit the 1s_0 pairing gap at t approx 0 is computed directly from the offdiagonal longrange order of the spin pairpair correlation function and is found to be approximately 30 smaller than bcs calculations with the conventional nucleonnucleon potentials the critical temperature t_c of the normaltosuperfluid phase transition and the pairing temperature scale tast are determined and the temperaturedensity phase diagram is constructed the physics of lowdensity neutron matter is clearly identified as being a bcsboseeinstein condensation crossover | [['thermal', 'properties', 'of', 'lowdensity', 'neutron', 'matter', 'are', 'investigated', 'by', 'determinantal', 'quantum', 'monte', 'carlo', 'lattice', 'calculations', 'on', '31', 'dimensional', 'cubic', 'lattices', 'nuclear', 'effective', 'field', 'theory', 'eft', 'is', 'applied', 'using', 'the', 'pionless', 'single', 'and', 'twoparameter', 'neutronneutron', 'interactions', 'determined', 'from', 'the', '1s_0', 'scattering', 'length', 'and', 'effective', 'range', 'the', 'determination', 'of', 'the', 'interactions', 'and', 'the', 'calculations', 'of', 'neutron', 'matter', 'are', 'carried', 'out', 'consistently', 'by', 'applying', 'eft', 'power', 'counting', 'rules', 'the', 'thermodynamic', 'limit', 'is', 'taken', 'by', 'the', 'method', 'of', 'finitesize', 'scaling', 'and', 'the', 'continuum', 'limit', 'is', 'examined', 'in', 'the', 'vanishing', 'lattice', 'filling', 'limit', 'the', '1s_0', 'pairing', 'gap', 'at', 't', 'approx', '0', 'is', 'computed', 'directly', 'from', 'the', 'offdiagonal', 'longrange', 'order', 'of', 'the', 'spin', 'pairpair', 'correlation', 'function', 'and', 'is', 'found', 'to', 'be', 'approximately', '30', 'smaller', 'than', 'bcs', 'calculations', 'with', 'the', 'conventional', 'nucleonnucleon', 'potentials', 'the', 'critical', 'temperature', 't_c', 'of', 'the', 'normaltosuperfluid', 'phase', 'transition', 'and', 'the', 'pairing', 'temperature', 'scale', 'tast', 'are', 'determined', 'and', 'the', 'temperaturedensity', 'phase', 'diagram', 'is', 'constructed', 'the', 'physics', 'of', 'lowdensity', 'neutron', 'matter', 'is', 'clearly', 'identified', 'as', 'being', 'a', 'bcsboseeinstein', 'condensation', 'crossover']] | [-0.12701570524756486, 0.2670664550193275, -0.10286641817497598, 0.10797405207007559, -0.00018048404828842842, -0.11657511833914076, 0.06727323543746025, 0.3246021485802802, -0.21720954730968295, -0.2705897780756156, 0.005620699479583312, -0.33315122476920034, -0.047637337378480214, 0.13479766149327838, 0.14849600124624418, 0.050345029490012114, -0.04309178333249733, 0.047795647298070516, -0.1643780309819814, -0.21353899407214627, 0.3233302253157352, 0.06543632974551822, 0.27027699283578177, 0.11561887583758851, 0.012848184559720033, 0.02983624578566488, 0.02847239028796497, 0.008661484201862054, -0.17926723870984984, 0.0023739364661389227, 0.2639516696764269, -0.06427636362442916, 0.13331651021020882, -0.37256605628539213, -0.22397078174857818, 0.07846506691086247, 0.15396577855572105, 0.12435284955709269, -0.0005044054275265697, -0.2933174029557091, 0.03565895691457571, -0.21518002111521184, -0.14816901725716888, -0.11869623312218623, -0.014018680174327032, 0.006558204119827485, -0.2529869026222238, 0.12608085995307192, 0.0019615637618258146, 0.0842568961016668, -0.045551825184939485, -0.1922886151594646, -0.004266096617687832, 0.047675015735016625, 0.025796199782582168, 0.08577797388601484, 0.1779100034004924, -0.14248656025778142, -0.044516862183456504, 0.39249366125599905, -0.042048932518545454, -0.07370668628330652, 0.13028498196438182, -0.15801230036004474, -0.06636398493058303, 0.19703703380161613, 0.052698447027554114, 0.09762022560180136, -0.16266385560262608, 0.1351430946830519, 0.006830312814704622, 0.20391014868351207, 0.05144842278607416, 0.01627858457099082, 0.2387083589014682, 0.1870926561708929, -0.04448425899344412, 0.10421708751625071, -0.1292867607988283, -0.16611335400040403, -0.2887015046318993, -0.03219239192619694, -0.2359359190771074, 0.05297560059380802, -0.13147805815387983, -0.12880061374779678, 0.29812583403774734, 0.12186168264703487, 0.15673385988656346, 0.011873624383500129, 0.23160044635279162, 0.16269426010478513, 0.08190678447823632, 0.03902852321466939, 0.27608412433641427, 0.23263033673971553, 0.07146850856246822, -0.3331897067078954, -0.008218642005301787, 0.10439759405668486] |
708.2524 | From Low-Density Neutron Matter to the Unitary Limit | Various quantities of an attractively interacting fermion system at the
unitary limit are determined by extrapolating Monte Carlo results of
low-density neutron matter. Smooth extrapolation in terms of $1/(k_F a_0)$
($k_F$ is the Fermi momentum, and $a_0$ is the ${}^1S_0$ scattering length) is
found with the quantities examined: the ground-state energy, the pairing gap at
$T \approx 0$, and the critical temperature of the normal-to-superfluid phase
transition. We emphasize proximity of the physics of low-density neutron matter
to that at the unitary limit. The extrapolated quantities are in a reasonable
agreement with those in the literature.
| nucl-th | various quantities of an attractively interacting fermion system at the unitary limit are determined by extrapolating monte carlo results of lowdensity neutron matter smooth extrapolation in terms of 1k_f a_0 k_f is the fermi momentum and a_0 is the 1s_0 scattering length is found with the quantities examined the groundstate energy the pairing gap at t approx 0 and the critical temperature of the normaltosuperfluid phase transition we emphasize proximity of the physics of lowdensity neutron matter to that at the unitary limit the extrapolated quantities are in a reasonable agreement with those in the literature | [['various', 'quantities', 'of', 'an', 'attractively', 'interacting', 'fermion', 'system', 'at', 'the', 'unitary', 'limit', 'are', 'determined', 'by', 'extrapolating', 'monte', 'carlo', 'results', 'of', 'lowdensity', 'neutron', 'matter', 'smooth', 'extrapolation', 'in', 'terms', 'of', '1k_f', 'a_0', 'k_f', 'is', 'the', 'fermi', 'momentum', 'and', 'a_0', 'is', 'the', '1s_0', 'scattering', 'length', 'is', 'found', 'with', 'the', 'quantities', 'examined', 'the', 'groundstate', 'energy', 'the', 'pairing', 'gap', 'at', 't', 'approx', '0', 'and', 'the', 'critical', 'temperature', 'of', 'the', 'normaltosuperfluid', 'phase', 'transition', 'we', 'emphasize', 'proximity', 'of', 'the', 'physics', 'of', 'lowdensity', 'neutron', 'matter', 'to', 'that', 'at', 'the', 'unitary', 'limit', 'the', 'extrapolated', 'quantities', 'are', 'in', 'a', 'reasonable', 'agreement', 'with', 'those', 'in', 'the', 'literature']] | [-0.16661445441422984, 0.2808170160595485, -0.08738277902981888, 0.09786878978169018, 0.04555843465398842, -0.08474206011063264, 0.05435578411561437, 0.3237907524065425, -0.22597619130586585, -0.2745907316566445, 0.0017446717405012653, -0.3512197151236857, -0.0022353532185661606, 0.18431381267146207, 0.08051790377552, 0.06057487259386107, -0.002110440230656726, 0.08334956932473385, -0.1923887699158513, -0.1848361654144052, 0.3472261907882057, 0.07857252048173298, 0.24303399781153226, 0.08149873354159354, 0.025023115619357366, -0.015638381887886982, 0.05845324450638145, -0.05723482607572805, -0.1927513850706267, 0.0016663143081435312, 0.2779623145300623, -0.054148101686829854, 0.1499373099844282, -0.3699515710856455, -0.198083227868968, 0.09998690424011632, 0.1493918654571947, 0.09179640739845733, -0.00535928758714969, -0.27541520120576024, 0.027823604677299347, -0.18763585077249445, -0.18309510747106592, -0.06982690435446177, 0.012160229496657848, 0.026627430721418932, -0.24836986278630016, 0.12471729232978153, -0.0011247833936067764, 0.046888995813787915, -0.06174509365033979, -0.17314025571855987, -0.001123211658220195, 0.06860401983916138, 0.0654794597661142, 0.09574740751607654, 0.16046375607644828, -0.17778032963785032, -0.010764576989458874, 0.3750377393444069, -0.03922917836704679, -0.09543579346882325, 0.17261888560218117, -0.20269720025923257, -0.09374741358139242, 0.17192116378282662, 0.06270486113498919, 0.08045385550455346, -0.12097759100530918, 0.14715223725337032, -0.05395366727680084, 0.16349671770391674, 0.027619291776015114, 0.056147404239936805, 0.2662335257385469, 0.1622655559137153, -0.02984647362609394, 0.06787133252510102, -0.11886968000544584, -0.13071839346290895, -0.3356175593895993, -0.08443048784586911, -0.23359417070363028, 0.02209724549902603, -0.11115659946305338, -0.12066890500136651, 0.28825454437173903, 0.14578916568522496, 0.22389198125650486, 0.032239966800261755, 0.24438729959607977, 0.16192208749392498, 0.01958725021783418, 0.09700506098063973, 0.27749436132338207, 0.19065242626311374, 0.0757212164462544, -0.32432471248466754, 2.8584259174143273e-05, 0.07015698220736037] |
708.2525 | Quantum $\frak {gl}_\infty$, infinite $q$-Schur algebras and their
representations | In this paper, we investigate the structure and representations of the
quantum group ${\mathbf{U}(\infty)}=\mathbf U_\upsilon(\frak{gl}_\infty)$. We
will present a realization for $\mathbf{U}(\infty)$, following
Beilinson--Lusztig--MacPherson (BLM) \cite{BLM}, and show that the natural
algebra homomorphism $\zeta_r$ from $\mathbf{U}(\infty)$ to the infinite
$q$-Schur algebra ${\boldsymbol{\mathcal S}}(\infty,r)$ is not surjective for
any $r\geq 1$. We will give a BLM type realization for the image
$\mathbf{U}(\infty,r):=\zeta_r(\mathbf{U}(\infty))$ and discuss its
presentation in terms of generators and relations. We further construct a
certain completion algebra $\hat{\boldsymbol{\mathcal K}}^\dagger(\infty)$ so
that $\zeta_r$ can be extended to an algebra epimorphism
$\tilde\zeta_r:\hat{\boldsymbol{\mathcal
K}}^\dagger(\infty)\to{\boldsymbol{\mathcal S}}(\infty,r)$. Finally we will
investigate the representation theory of ${\bf U}(\infty)$, especially the
polynomial representations of ${\bf U}(\infty)$.
| math.QA math.RT | in this paper we investigate the structure and representations of the quantum group mathbfuinftymathbf u_upsilonfrakgl_infty we will present a realization for mathbfuinfty following beilinsonlusztigmacpherson blm citeblm and show that the natural algebra homomorphism zeta_r from mathbfuinfty to the infinite qschur algebra boldsymbolmathcal sinftyr is not surjective for any rgeq 1 we will give a blm type realization for the image mathbfuinftyrzeta_rmathbfuinfty and discuss its presentation in terms of generators and relations we further construct a certain completion algebra hatboldsymbolmathcal kdaggerinfty so that zeta_r can be extended to an algebra epimorphism tildezeta_rhatboldsymbolmathcal kdaggerinftytoboldsymbolmathcal sinftyr finally we will investigate the representation theory of bf uinfty especially the polynomial representations of bf uinfty | [['in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'investigate', 'the', 'structure', 'and', 'representations', 'of', 'the', 'quantum', 'group', 'mathbfuinftymathbf', 'u_upsilonfrakgl_infty', 'we', 'will', 'present', 'a', 'realization', 'for', 'mathbfuinfty', 'following', 'beilinsonlusztigmacpherson', 'blm', 'citeblm', 'and', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'natural', 'algebra', 'homomorphism', 'zeta_r', 'from', 'mathbfuinfty', 'to', 'the', 'infinite', 'qschur', 'algebra', 'boldsymbolmathcal', 'sinftyr', 'is', 'not', 'surjective', 'for', 'any', 'rgeq', '1', 'we', 'will', 'give', 'a', 'blm', 'type', 'realization', 'for', 'the', 'image', 'mathbfuinftyrzeta_rmathbfuinfty', 'and', 'discuss', 'its', 'presentation', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'generators', 'and', 'relations', 'we', 'further', 'construct', 'a', 'certain', 'completion', 'algebra', 'hatboldsymbolmathcal', 'kdaggerinfty', 'so', 'that', 'zeta_r', 'can', 'be', 'extended', 'to', 'an', 'algebra', 'epimorphism', 'tildezeta_rhatboldsymbolmathcal', 'kdaggerinftytoboldsymbolmathcal', 'sinftyr', 'finally', 'we', 'will', 'investigate', 'the', 'representation', 'theory', 'of', 'bf', 'uinfty', 'especially', 'the', 'polynomial', 'representations', 'of', 'bf', 'uinfty']] | [-0.14353949608452313, 0.07871781635155772, -0.09846321710537435, 0.053607116196760715, -0.12917356450842427, -0.10556416939563897, -0.03111437468656472, 0.384107278830999, -0.3577376188976424, -0.18605541642660237, 0.1450347665873147, -0.22098941142119619, -0.1953279931925009, 0.15821719175318674, -0.13962209312368792, -0.06511778587876933, 0.05984449978651745, 0.1030310885838176, -0.15881506458152922, -0.21793016161988205, 0.3493007585092695, 0.012156907786206551, 0.2092753225837701, 0.05060162466275981, 0.12945735475941733, 0.032460513529462776, -0.008410266728843657, -0.04134579657633998, -0.2002778483742708, 0.11147047060646345, 0.31342276586789863, 0.12583930110938998, 0.18662013713393968, -0.3836907290411657, -0.09976614244301252, 0.1871079127304256, 0.16439963154475756, 0.07263762093320185, -0.047487778037938536, -0.26422881746037424, 0.13191051710378, -0.24683516442167516, -0.08978192593779995, -0.10949823801044603, 0.0740311495836216, -0.05188938762460436, -0.28676473239391603, -0.03219069420759167, 0.09282184078605199, 0.0829349527876748, -0.0719682919443585, -0.07432540537722941, 0.005068054641311874, 0.07768967010708032, -0.07429670670060251, 0.05122756331265733, 0.0764206855852461, -0.14313873083910392, -0.15496997500541715, 0.38997652943303085, -0.029793773733236238, -0.21054148847921467, 0.13930403385121298, -0.15931652680191458, -0.21069929674172735, -0.00010075081824039926, 0.10495628142605859, 0.07160660099922395, -0.05556022525083141, 0.21217317251745155, -0.12837020625189252, 0.10320870299605006, 0.029500865358479168, 0.0033905257432892614, 0.12646893147564475, 0.08744148791254479, 0.04239139942053173, 0.15919140553724362, 0.006686198629666956, 0.011439546429533131, -0.3934869316159462, -0.21562214327705265, -0.11321140562982432, 0.12862830910827533, -0.06285958410162308, -0.12442779961061112, 0.4167815479497444, 0.18806198923088305, 0.17778781834723695, 0.11292594116494743, 0.16328628551766125, 0.13208694138317084, 0.07911626741822277, 0.05966124968717293, 0.12394192079747361, 0.17171679243293345, -0.0052028706021682945, -0.1555735064665692, -0.06968321872171851, 0.1824070477801166] |
708.2526 | Kinetic theory of point vortex systems from the
Bogoliubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon hierarchy | Kinetic equations are derived from the Bogoliubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon
(BBGKY) hierarchy for point vortex systems in an infinite plane. As the level
of approximation for the Landau equation, the collision term of the kinetic
equation derived coincides with that by Chavanis ({\it Phys. Rev. E} {\bf 64},
026309 (2001)). Furthermore, we derive a kinetic equation corresponding to the
Balescu-Lenard equation for plasmas, using the theory of the Fredholm integral
equation. For large $N$, this kinetic equation is reduced to the Landau
equation above.
| cond-mat.stat-mech | kinetic equations are derived from the bogoliubovborngreenkirkwoodyvon bbgky hierarchy for point vortex systems in an infinite plane as the level of approximation for the landau equation the collision term of the kinetic equation derived coincides with that by chavanis it phys rev e bf 64 026309 2001 furthermore we derive a kinetic equation corresponding to the balesculenard equation for plasmas using the theory of the fredholm integral equation for large n this kinetic equation is reduced to the landau equation above | [['kinetic', 'equations', 'are', 'derived', 'from', 'the', 'bogoliubovborngreenkirkwoodyvon', 'bbgky', 'hierarchy', 'for', 'point', 'vortex', 'systems', 'in', 'an', 'infinite', 'plane', 'as', 'the', 'level', 'of', 'approximation', 'for', 'the', 'landau', 'equation', 'the', 'collision', 'term', 'of', 'the', 'kinetic', 'equation', 'derived', 'coincides', 'with', 'that', 'by', 'chavanis', 'it', 'phys', 'rev', 'e', 'bf', '64', '026309', '2001', 'furthermore', 'we', 'derive', 'a', 'kinetic', 'equation', 'corresponding', 'to', 'the', 'balesculenard', 'equation', 'for', 'plasmas', 'using', 'the', 'theory', 'of', 'the', 'fredholm', 'integral', 'equation', 'for', 'large', 'n', 'this', 'kinetic', 'equation', 'is', 'reduced', 'to', 'the', 'landau', 'equation', 'above']] | [-0.12564336298382842, 0.10281784309208888, -0.07051286457572133, 0.06701017104787751, -0.05982756318408065, -0.07727518585161305, 0.001306926271354314, 0.19947925527812913, -0.2607551562337903, -0.3058827506843954, -0.006255153847450856, -0.29536347067914903, -0.09697153960296419, 0.16919533817854243, 0.03321498653967865, 0.053851188987027857, 0.046358296158723535, 0.003459592454601079, -0.10117819111037533, -0.20171837987145408, 0.3080204775731545, 0.06476058273110538, 0.23092814810806886, 0.009360120195196941, 0.2146901141735725, -0.01617064398014918, 0.03973844832362374, -0.03879022368346341, -0.21796881250093064, 0.030701697219046763, 0.2048082495079143, 0.010552618419751525, 0.22546295649372042, -0.41115905266487973, -0.24131291094527113, 0.025215662852860986, 0.13373647463158705, 0.12149499790975823, 0.059770798590034244, -0.3037794202449732, 0.036368541934643873, -0.20484793193172662, -0.21653516354272143, -0.05194593637716025, 0.08728823345154524, 0.06347095248056575, -0.28299805832793934, 0.203188758372562, 0.03586238528368994, -0.007411473081447184, -0.12585631501860917, -0.1371733897482045, -0.08027788459439762, -0.045015617838362235, -0.01354220230714418, 0.038516085521041535, 0.03531010017322842, -0.14753085678385106, -0.04727239713538438, 0.3920038724070764, -0.1073390718200244, -0.2696268311701715, 0.1354108473577071, -0.1122041322698351, -0.10378398699685931, 0.2106678063282743, 0.09354454962885939, 0.10091005327412858, -0.20771249746903778, 0.20339861412066967, -0.08963525113904325, 0.10173276394089044, 0.10254953266703523, -0.06999083497212269, 0.09524682539049537, 0.11730274182045833, 0.013088124711066485, 0.07643658904125913, -0.031259997823508454, -0.17723985658667515, -0.3678305674344301, -0.15756024844013156, -0.19606211828795495, 0.11731107856612652, -0.05150663665262982, -0.16747177462093532, 0.29991970243863764, 0.15944272904307583, 0.1395645928419981, 0.04520054446911672, 0.19212349141016602, 0.34465516913769534, -0.05502236354222987, 0.11473213083227166, 0.19742320139775985, 0.24234761178086045, 0.15908102563189458, -0.2926317218138138, -0.10870263886754401, 0.2143959057139] |
708.2527 | Model for processive nucleotide and repeat additions by the telomerase | A model is presented to describe the nucleotide and repeat addition
processivity by the telomerase. In the model, the processive nucleotide
addition is implemented on the basis of two requirements: One is that stem IV
loop stimulates the chemical reaction of nucleotide incorporation, and the
other one is the existence of an ssRNA-binding site adjacent to the polymerase
site that has a high affinity for the unpaired base of the template. The
unpairing of DNA:RNA hybrid after the incorporation of the nucleotide paired
with the last base on the template, which is the prerequisite for repeat
addition processivity, is caused by a force acting on the primer. The force is
resulted from the unfolding of stem III pseudoknot that is induced by the
swinging of stem IV loop towards the nucleotide-bound polymerase site. Based on
the model, the dynamics of processive nucleotide and repeat additions by
Tetrahymena telomerase are quantitatively studied, which give good explanations
to the previous experimental results. Moreover, some predictions are presented.
In particular, it is predicted that the repeat addition processivity is mainly
determined by the difference between the free energy required to disrupt the
DNA:RNA hybrid and that required to unfold the stem III pseudoknot, with the
large difference corresponding to a low repeat addition processivity while the
small one corresponding to a high repeat addition processivity.
| q-bio.BM | a model is presented to describe the nucleotide and repeat addition processivity by the telomerase in the model the processive nucleotide addition is implemented on the basis of two requirements one is that stem iv loop stimulates the chemical reaction of nucleotide incorporation and the other one is the existence of an ssrnabinding site adjacent to the polymerase site that has a high affinity for the unpaired base of the template the unpairing of dnarna hybrid after the incorporation of the nucleotide paired with the last base on the template which is the prerequisite for repeat addition processivity is caused by a force acting on the primer the force is resulted from the unfolding of stem iii pseudoknot that is induced by the swinging of stem iv loop towards the nucleotidebound polymerase site based on the model the dynamics of processive nucleotide and repeat additions by tetrahymena telomerase are quantitatively studied which give good explanations to the previous experimental results moreover some predictions are presented in particular it is predicted that the repeat addition processivity is mainly determined by the difference between the free energy required to disrupt the dnarna hybrid and that required to unfold the stem iii pseudoknot with the large difference corresponding to a low repeat addition processivity while the small one corresponding to a high repeat addition processivity | [['a', 'model', 'is', 'presented', 'to', 'describe', 'the', 'nucleotide', 'and', 'repeat', 'addition', 'processivity', 'by', 'the', 'telomerase', 'in', 'the', 'model', 'the', 'processive', 'nucleotide', 'addition', 'is', 'implemented', 'on', 'the', 'basis', 'of', 'two', 'requirements', 'one', 'is', 'that', 'stem', 'iv', 'loop', 'stimulates', 'the', 'chemical', 'reaction', 'of', 'nucleotide', 'incorporation', 'and', 'the', 'other', 'one', 'is', 'the', 'existence', 'of', 'an', 'ssrnabinding', 'site', 'adjacent', 'to', 'the', 'polymerase', 'site', 'that', 'has', 'a', 'high', 'affinity', 'for', 'the', 'unpaired', 'base', 'of', 'the', 'template', 'the', 'unpairing', 'of', 'dnarna', 'hybrid', 'after', 'the', 'incorporation', 'of', 'the', 'nucleotide', 'paired', 'with', 'the', 'last', 'base', 'on', 'the', 'template', 'which', 'is', 'the', 'prerequisite', 'for', 'repeat', 'addition', 'processivity', 'is', 'caused', 'by', 'a', 'force', 'acting', 'on', 'the', 'primer', 'the', 'force', 'is', 'resulted', 'from', 'the', 'unfolding', 'of', 'stem', 'iii', 'pseudoknot', 'that', 'is', 'induced', 'by', 'the', 'swinging', 'of', 'stem', 'iv', 'loop', 'towards', 'the', 'nucleotidebound', 'polymerase', 'site', 'based', 'on', 'the', 'model', 'the', 'dynamics', 'of', 'processive', 'nucleotide', 'and', 'repeat', 'additions', 'by', 'tetrahymena', 'telomerase', 'are', 'quantitatively', 'studied', 'which', 'give', 'good', 'explanations', 'to', 'the', 'previous', 'experimental', 'results', 'moreover', 'some', 'predictions', 'are', 'presented', 'in', 'particular', 'it', 'is', 'predicted', 'that', 'the', 'repeat', 'addition', 'processivity', 'is', 'mainly', 'determined', 'by', 'the', 'difference', 'between', 'the', 'free', 'energy', 'required', 'to', 'disrupt', 'the', 'dnarna', 'hybrid', 'and', 'that', 'required', 'to', 'unfold', 'the', 'stem', 'iii', 'pseudoknot', 'with', 'the', 'large', 'difference', 'corresponding', 'to', 'a', 'low', 'repeat', 'addition', 'processivity', 'while', 'the', 'small', 'one', 'corresponding', 'to', 'a', 'high', 'repeat', 'addition', 'processivity']] | [-0.10024683328176087, 0.1632774305461763, -0.021098554770882898, 0.04718432275350841, -0.020653161873236636, -0.14737203752579675, 0.08541849805571308, 0.3661513978446072, -0.26487475885924966, -0.2690974710297517, 0.0476226751438596, -0.26569129778918893, -0.14628530141939833, 0.15612033944767476, -0.03663274990246712, -0.03966872926208783, 0.09250274972503328, 0.07953752142969858, 0.018869651910526128, -0.19421578601891684, 0.28815239342352883, 0.10574928204613653, 0.29521898973563854, 0.05784110670104962, 0.10618620906236835, -0.00625696090917865, -0.02844814823263071, -0.0034951342989436606, -0.12482280026865324, 0.15583743372170086, 0.1882429031634026, 0.1164355155038224, 0.24125128412957897, -0.4665106870742007, -0.2043805785360746, 0.04637127417266707, 0.1277986486939798, 0.14277279958001932, -0.06666295273673975, -0.19805092440007932, 0.12012925366606479, -0.15473613677631048, -0.07395685684909536, -0.025129846127873116, 0.009686421146761858, 0.07001828576665668, -0.23642859665983865, 0.08648955585562032, 0.05163676508871669, 0.0564939851872623, -0.05040355624461716, -0.09657263288443739, -0.09978623198853298, 0.19185546842424878, 0.07380270062660037, 0.06655930163277927, 0.16349458056078717, -0.07508506179702552, -0.12449615935964341, 0.380843126130375, -0.025151492991823364, -0.1597211745619213, 0.19751493648139082, -0.12515462636312638, -0.1312413124727424, 0.16512304031798108, 0.0752612082076005, 0.06807884200137447, -0.16210819558195494, 0.028713068437355105, 0.027762148846787484, 0.1746952926274389, 0.09446724729337307, -0.048597359121777116, 0.17452609609939496, 0.18782858332428573, 0.007000291051173752, 0.101663476335869, -0.132136530587873, -0.10123298980655487, -0.2732337552080439, -0.16362042297127613, -0.1389511401290127, -0.011389054721538824, -0.033697273101477715, -0.17473569215296514, 0.39808215409601955, 0.0885823688766157, 0.20108144274193115, 0.036198006084569814, 0.2537733390736817, 0.05672691820919598, 0.12253998044708914, -0.04973623135275292, 0.20296599078693278, 0.06947027294981209, 0.06521739389070055, -0.2907561196300032, 0.12824987519151446, 0.07037071726623584] |
708.2528 | Synthesis and properties of CoO2, the x = 0 end member of the LixCoO2
and NaxCoO2 systems | We report here the synthesis of single-phase bulk samples of CoO2, the x = 0
end member of the AxCoO2 systems (A = Li, Na), from a pristine LiCoO2 sample
using an electrochemical technique to completely de-intercalate lithium. Thus,
synthesized CoO2 samples were found to be oxygen-stoichiometric and possess a
crystal structure consisting of stacked triangular-lattice CoO2 layers only.
The magnetic susceptibility of the CoO2 sample was revealed to be relatively
large in its initial value and then level off as the temperature increases,
suggesting that CoO2 is a Pauli-paramagnetic metal with itinerant electrons.
| cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.mtrl-sci | we report here the synthesis of singlephase bulk samples of coo2 the x 0 end member of the axcoo2 systems a li na from a pristine licoo2 sample using an electrochemical technique to completely deintercalate lithium thus synthesized coo2 samples were found to be oxygenstoichiometric and possess a crystal structure consisting of stacked triangularlattice coo2 layers only the magnetic susceptibility of the coo2 sample was revealed to be relatively large in its initial value and then level off as the temperature increases suggesting that coo2 is a pauliparamagnetic metal with itinerant electrons | [['we', 'report', 'here', 'the', 'synthesis', 'of', 'singlephase', 'bulk', 'samples', 'of', 'coo2', 'the', 'x', '0', 'end', 'member', 'of', 'the', 'axcoo2', 'systems', 'a', 'li', 'na', 'from', 'a', 'pristine', 'licoo2', 'sample', 'using', 'an', 'electrochemical', 'technique', 'to', 'completely', 'deintercalate', 'lithium', 'thus', 'synthesized', 'coo2', 'samples', 'were', 'found', 'to', 'be', 'oxygenstoichiometric', 'and', 'possess', 'a', 'crystal', 'structure', 'consisting', 'of', 'stacked', 'triangularlattice', 'coo2', 'layers', 'only', 'the', 'magnetic', 'susceptibility', 'of', 'the', 'coo2', 'sample', 'was', 'revealed', 'to', 'be', 'relatively', 'large', 'in', 'its', 'initial', 'value', 'and', 'then', 'level', 'off', 'as', 'the', 'temperature', 'increases', 'suggesting', 'that', 'coo2', 'is', 'a', 'pauliparamagnetic', 'metal', 'with', 'itinerant', 'electrons']] | [-0.07790144483282507, 0.1905267966546919, -0.02584944254236429, -0.05029171348708057, -0.012668786222463126, -0.16777116111940243, 0.15214726364669892, 0.4279126960497636, -0.26916555511754947, -0.31926377143219603, 0.010577262572401746, -0.3671279492491222, -0.07035337859549774, 0.12086476197537895, 0.04636773592945966, -0.03753343429787412, -0.010046158331333772, -0.0503446733691617, -0.1264747780757946, -0.2397286158316042, 0.25698892702604387, 0.04741120946358193, 0.31146275033857057, -0.011741219518276362, 0.044023751925963625, -0.08515960998464744, 0.14621191866347913, 0.05092506146999997, -0.10959158837579377, 0.05127997837633222, 0.23874756469452693, -0.08417030170068636, 0.18100373555169247, -0.40375021040605275, -0.18832376043332721, -0.0011087788555484551, 0.12036041096671597, 0.11984705648661315, -0.11707104427310136, -0.2461957063648727, 0.1238005902914965, -0.10850915874630868, -0.1319210287797582, -0.03691226501877491, -0.023521859894742023, 0.008991027588618326, -0.23574910877633246, 0.094962095698485, 0.05456662325413673, 0.11308597120108431, -0.13114012081488188, -0.1899434206521159, -0.1667136812715658, 0.046003843944233194, 0.003954524744895624, 0.06025450110754029, 0.16950674816085906, -0.06590849142982164, -0.01183860906614707, 0.3391151783865068, -0.05920455943547435, -0.04013252024958422, 0.18261842549379384, -0.2000829868663389, -0.11082395475650728, 0.19567568207180108, 0.10741734432995545, 0.13873007140572663, -0.15899072500562378, 0.06725182073001473, -0.052002974765395726, 0.27428481523152237, 0.019094589227749096, 0.0409469806517546, 0.2206880943133281, 0.23376934453947368, -0.02017824297545703, 0.1748806811526295, -0.1569028254854237, 0.05908213592400508, -0.13607017562857696, -0.23332937766930886, -0.20501164488806542, 0.10108278068243065, -0.04789715230299907, -0.2204944424351657, 0.3361175123110905, 0.07653202007493966, 0.21413750847248914, -0.07117078864977665, 0.18378842789884453, 0.033264596543561384, 0.07751813708999, 0.031346741485522016, 0.2348032419590259, 0.18905155086674943, 0.10735192101776272, -0.23379885836166667, 0.130964276756948, -0.008407590322319296] |
708.2529 | Molecular dynamics simulation of nanocolloidal amorphous silica
particles: Part I | Explicit molecular dynamics simulations were applied to a pair of amorphous
silica nanoparticles in aqueous solution, of diameter 4.4 nm with four
different background electrolyte concentrations, to extract the mean force
acting between the pair of silica nanoparticles. Dependences of the
interparticle forces with separation and the background electrolyte
concentration were demonstrated. The nature of the interaction of the
counter-ions with charged silica surface sites (deprotonated silanols) was
investigated. A 'patchy' double layer of adsorbed sodium counter-ions. was
observed. Dependences of the interparticle potential of mean force with
separation and the background electrolyte concentration were demonstrated.
Direct evidence of the solvation forces is presented in terms of changes of the
water ordering at the surfaces of the isolated and double nanoparticles. The
nature of the interaction of the counter-ions with charged silica surface sites
(deprotonated silanols) was investigated in terms of quantifying the effects of
the number of water molecules separately inside each of the pair of
nanoparticles by defining an impermeability measure. A direct correlation was
found between impermeability (related to the silica surface 'hairiness') and
the disruption of water ordering. Differences in the impermeability between the
two nanoparticles are attributed to differences in the calculated electric
dipole moment.
| physics.chem-ph | explicit molecular dynamics simulations were applied to a pair of amorphous silica nanoparticles in aqueous solution of diameter 44 nm with four different background electrolyte concentrations to extract the mean force acting between the pair of silica nanoparticles dependences of the interparticle forces with separation and the background electrolyte concentration were demonstrated the nature of the interaction of the counterions with charged silica surface sites deprotonated silanols was investigated a patchy double layer of adsorbed sodium counterions was observed dependences of the interparticle potential of mean force with separation and the background electrolyte concentration were demonstrated direct evidence of the solvation forces is presented in terms of changes of the water ordering at the surfaces of the isolated and double nanoparticles the nature of the interaction of the counterions with charged silica surface sites deprotonated silanols was investigated in terms of quantifying the effects of the number of water molecules separately inside each of the pair of nanoparticles by defining an impermeability measure a direct correlation was found between impermeability related to the silica surface hairiness and the disruption of water ordering differences in the impermeability between the two nanoparticles are attributed to differences in the calculated electric dipole moment | [['explicit', 'molecular', 'dynamics', 'simulations', 'were', 'applied', 'to', 'a', 'pair', 'of', 'amorphous', 'silica', 'nanoparticles', 'in', 'aqueous', 'solution', 'of', 'diameter', '44', 'nm', 'with', 'four', 'different', 'background', 'electrolyte', 'concentrations', 'to', 'extract', 'the', 'mean', 'force', 'acting', 'between', 'the', 'pair', 'of', 'silica', 'nanoparticles', 'dependences', 'of', 'the', 'interparticle', 'forces', 'with', 'separation', 'and', 'the', 'background', 'electrolyte', 'concentration', 'were', 'demonstrated', 'the', 'nature', 'of', 'the', 'interaction', 'of', 'the', 'counterions', 'with', 'charged', 'silica', 'surface', 'sites', 'deprotonated', 'silanols', 'was', 'investigated', 'a', 'patchy', 'double', 'layer', 'of', 'adsorbed', 'sodium', 'counterions', 'was', 'observed', 'dependences', 'of', 'the', 'interparticle', 'potential', 'of', 'mean', 'force', 'with', 'separation', 'and', 'the', 'background', 'electrolyte', 'concentration', 'were', 'demonstrated', 'direct', 'evidence', 'of', 'the', 'solvation', 'forces', 'is', 'presented', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'changes', 'of', 'the', 'water', 'ordering', 'at', 'the', 'surfaces', 'of', 'the', 'isolated', 'and', 'double', 'nanoparticles', 'the', 'nature', 'of', 'the', 'interaction', 'of', 'the', 'counterions', 'with', 'charged', 'silica', 'surface', 'sites', 'deprotonated', 'silanols', 'was', 'investigated', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'quantifying', 'the', 'effects', 'of', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'water', 'molecules', 'separately', 'inside', 'each', 'of', 'the', 'pair', 'of', 'nanoparticles', 'by', 'defining', 'an', 'impermeability', 'measure', 'a', 'direct', 'correlation', 'was', 'found', 'between', 'impermeability', 'related', 'to', 'the', 'silica', 'surface', 'hairiness', 'and', 'the', 'disruption', 'of', 'water', 'ordering', 'differences', 'in', 'the', 'impermeability', 'between', 'the', 'two', 'nanoparticles', 'are', 'attributed', 'to', 'differences', 'in', 'the', 'calculated', 'electric', 'dipole', 'moment']] | [-0.11809693054347556, 0.18293621312265562, -0.03947142182133306, 0.006383089772799993, 0.05319758958005388, -0.11060180408112592, 0.0056095016589645655, 0.3953640538937033, -0.20988730802645336, -0.3474060866991105, -0.036112333201550544, -0.3486426857103542, -0.09796723636948321, 0.08688938229733226, 0.04811588000627843, -0.00037401934252611957, -0.0063603177804724504, -0.011330522957197086, -0.048507058599860826, -0.187476331475729, 0.24083820689731655, 0.05856579644125816, 0.2718812828630808, 0.18043901205142426, 0.09176137605939416, -0.018437090390666048, 0.02948030529791798, 0.0438594072448773, -0.16003027162397626, 0.13157257748535633, 0.19333113473079555, -0.06811688920885474, 0.18683020524849095, -0.4744006089173519, -0.21673409887659714, 0.061390777558425265, 0.0990138127007545, 0.10489631622173266, -0.11421062757527858, -0.27866730223124353, 0.02744288814614466, -0.09558859498862496, -0.13946306072971104, 0.02199574530676906, 0.057228183139808216, 0.1281603787880597, -0.24508664486508572, 0.1135486861709599, 0.0368576506843051, 0.1028833023024414, -0.11944326880299042, -0.15595450217662446, -0.1042149853424623, 0.1191831368762279, 0.09345237553896542, -0.021754749928924007, 0.29512267834015526, -0.10162204593635309, -0.02981313681153899, 0.3848638975683918, -0.0854676149202857, -0.18249766917983493, 0.225288995480792, -0.1660396552237509, 0.0066663376874660125, 0.2381271806746796, 0.12065427666810814, 0.11935941092073263, -0.20178748680110178, 0.020471332017940717, 0.00878749061937458, 0.2244885898787229, 0.16551107335040094, -0.01660976931452751, 0.24206788522008826, 0.19694170754533916, -0.019303575003678776, 0.1943191572200114, -0.15361429798187473, -0.06579145111831551, -0.20566891754354963, -0.21302226212474717, -0.18765424858268595, -0.011131912628874644, -0.10766841373046575, -0.20013289217224073, 0.31567030172121135, 0.031198336228016932, 0.12320515122639025, -0.044046573744543904, 0.19911112236654638, -0.006624633338695495, 0.054707832821649524, -0.05510336328087253, 0.2913339402919738, 0.2068977993222693, 0.09456298360835068, -0.3099444325634246, 0.09500222891831218, 0.049096798224739696] |
708.253 | The Infrared Camera (IRC) deep survey in the performance verification
phase | We report the first results of a near- and mid- infrared deep survey with the
Infrared Camera (IRC) onboard AKARI in the performance verification phase.
Simultaneous observations by the NIR, MIR-S and MIR-L channels of the IRC with
effective integration times of 4529, 4908, and 4417 seconds at 3, 7, and 15
micron, covering 86.0, 70.3, and 77.3 arcmin^2 area, detected 955, 298 and 277
sources, respectively. The 5 sigma detection limits of the survey are 6.0, 31.5
and 71.2 micro Jy and the 50% completeness limit are 24.0, 47.5, and 88.1 micro
Jy at 3, 7, and 15 micron, respectively. The observation is limited by source
confusion at 3 micron. We have confirmed the turnover in the 15 micron
differential source counts around 400 micro Jy, previously detected by surveys
with the Infrared Space Observatory. The faint end of 15 micron raw source
counts agree with the results from the deep surveys in the GOODS fields carried
out with the Spitzer IRS peak up imager and the predictions of current galaxy
evolution models. These results indicate that deep surveys with comprehensive
wavelength coverage at mid-infrared wavelength are very important to
investigate the evolution of infrared galaxies at high redshifts.
| astro-ph | we report the first results of a near and mid infrared deep survey with the infrared camera irc onboard akari in the performance verification phase simultaneous observations by the nir mirs and mirl channels of the irc with effective integration times of 4529 4908 and 4417 seconds at 3 7 and 15 micron covering 860 703 and 773 arcmin2 area detected 955 298 and 277 sources respectively the 5 sigma detection limits of the survey are 60 315 and 712 micro jy and the 50 completeness limit are 240 475 and 881 micro jy at 3 7 and 15 micron respectively the observation is limited by source confusion at 3 micron we have confirmed the turnover in the 15 micron differential source counts around 400 micro jy previously detected by surveys with the infrared space observatory the faint end of 15 micron raw source counts agree with the results from the deep surveys in the goods fields carried out with the spitzer irs peak up imager and the predictions of current galaxy evolution models these results indicate that deep surveys with comprehensive wavelength coverage at midinfrared wavelength are very important to investigate the evolution of infrared galaxies at high redshifts | [['we', 'report', 'the', 'first', 'results', 'of', 'a', 'near', 'and', 'mid', 'infrared', 'deep', 'survey', 'with', 'the', 'infrared', 'camera', 'irc', 'onboard', 'akari', 'in', 'the', 'performance', 'verification', 'phase', 'simultaneous', 'observations', 'by', 'the', 'nir', 'mirs', 'and', 'mirl', 'channels', 'of', 'the', 'irc', 'with', 'effective', 'integration', 'times', 'of', '4529', '4908', 'and', '4417', 'seconds', 'at', '3', '7', 'and', '15', 'micron', 'covering', '860', '703', 'and', '773', 'arcmin2', 'area', 'detected', '955', '298', 'and', '277', 'sources', 'respectively', 'the', '5', 'sigma', 'detection', 'limits', 'of', 'the', 'survey', 'are', '60', '315', 'and', '712', 'micro', 'jy', 'and', 'the', '50', 'completeness', 'limit', 'are', '240', '475', 'and', '881', 'micro', 'jy', 'at', '3', '7', 'and', '15', 'micron', 'respectively', 'the', 'observation', 'is', 'limited', 'by', 'source', 'confusion', 'at', '3', 'micron', 'we', 'have', 'confirmed', 'the', 'turnover', 'in', 'the', '15', 'micron', 'differential', 'source', 'counts', 'around', '400', 'micro', 'jy', 'previously', 'detected', 'by', 'surveys', 'with', 'the', 'infrared', 'space', 'observatory', 'the', 'faint', 'end', 'of', '15', 'micron', 'raw', 'source', 'counts', 'agree', 'with', 'the', 'results', 'from', 'the', 'deep', 'surveys', 'in', 'the', 'goods', 'fields', 'carried', 'out', 'with', 'the', 'spitzer', 'irs', 'peak', 'up', 'imager', 'and', 'the', 'predictions', 'of', 'current', 'galaxy', 'evolution', 'models', 'these', 'results', 'indicate', 'that', 'deep', 'surveys', 'with', 'comprehensive', 'wavelength', 'coverage', 'at', 'midinfrared', 'wavelength', 'are', 'very', 'important', 'to', 'investigate', 'the', 'evolution', 'of', 'infrared', 'galaxies', 'at', 'high', 'redshifts']] | [-0.04317437844219232, 0.07898744875347627, -0.030070688140418644, 0.03371348124611276, -0.023959471959376123, -0.06883550716582874, 0.0881606344865033, 0.45226924843860394, -0.12832376128768153, -0.4338166412492894, 0.15130091870539925, -0.3626371831915369, -0.007977697095184616, 0.18831003213658778, -0.012460694055665623, -0.012246420672821879, 0.0457505036705183, -0.12695162599398332, 0.004226496862953134, -0.2765002759476898, 0.19566569697509303, 0.1067531338572147, 0.2468670667666528, 0.013880161443875745, 0.1242084074600816, -0.06780990755016153, -0.15449526590927776, -0.05839769427227726, -0.16288802531834326, 0.05044235988059128, 0.29388302355391255, 0.06485757924030733, 0.20876039184319475, -0.29868625304332436, -0.1631349523538827, 0.009041740673692953, 0.1120883899657385, -0.0387618779886815, 0.04456941556829884, -0.32490015466876254, 0.12049561269308506, -0.12600658638308745, -0.13179914043943464, 0.08018782183603206, 0.04763718610723512, 0.03891800978747808, -0.16973224459827474, 0.09221268161079456, -0.04519019497636673, 0.19013653472983139, -0.14517381782831643, -0.1775841200324434, -0.03840891482082732, 0.0828303873604822, -0.08854831436136266, 0.12015440859220396, 0.15045527366667308, -0.18592111041505982, -0.06542827646633742, 0.3270713982808479, -0.1253037054627908, 0.07267959127578923, 0.20572858756158802, -0.19548963856262466, -0.1624793886357561, 0.2581366288035901, 0.10123816048555932, 0.10341773244359465, -0.1746518118542177, 0.03524816114922299, 0.03149633099809477, 0.271859781477939, 0.11816155799721001, 0.10861972608784921, 0.28215927782120426, 0.14893495704451895, 0.012196842983195727, 0.09555719203593191, -0.3776590116909997, 0.0005343931966997458, -0.27674296991946645, -0.05748829830377927, -0.09756627547051382, 0.1008735708751236, -0.12631010067229678, 0.0029406181158559076, 0.3325630009922227, 0.15616805815241402, 0.17855809707867187, 0.10947307794486558, 0.29418587076214303, 0.046983371852106895, 0.12289597027502352, 0.08027972177734052, 0.3389989098750356, 0.09068415823687724, 0.1684179202220732, -0.11920391408211524, -0.0789407116379777, -0.0783403218850832] |
708.2531 | Molecular dynamics simulation of nanocolloidal amorphous silica
particles: Part II | Explicit molecular dynamics simulations were applied to a pair of amorphous
silica nanoparticles of diameter 3.2 nm immersed in a background electrolyte.
Mean forces acting between the pair of silica nanoparticles were extracted at
four different background electrolyte concentrations. Dependence of the
inter-particle potential of mean force on the separation and the silicon to
sodium ratio, as well as on the background electrolyte concentration, are
demonstrated. The pH was indirectly accounted for via the ratio of silicon to
sodium used in the simulations. The nature of the interaction of the
counter-ions with charged silica surface sites (deprotonated silanols) was also
investigated. The effect of the sodium double layer on the water ordering was
investigated for three Si:Na+ ratios. The number of water molecules trapped
inside the nanoparticles was investigated as the Si:Na+ ratio was varied.
Differences in this number between the two nanoparticles in the simulations are
attributed to differences in the calculated electric dipole moment. The
implications of the form of the potentials for aggregation are also discussed.
| physics.chem-ph | explicit molecular dynamics simulations were applied to a pair of amorphous silica nanoparticles of diameter 32 nm immersed in a background electrolyte mean forces acting between the pair of silica nanoparticles were extracted at four different background electrolyte concentrations dependence of the interparticle potential of mean force on the separation and the silicon to sodium ratio as well as on the background electrolyte concentration are demonstrated the ph was indirectly accounted for via the ratio of silicon to sodium used in the simulations the nature of the interaction of the counterions with charged silica surface sites deprotonated silanols was also investigated the effect of the sodium double layer on the water ordering was investigated for three sina ratios the number of water molecules trapped inside the nanoparticles was investigated as the sina ratio was varied differences in this number between the two nanoparticles in the simulations are attributed to differences in the calculated electric dipole moment the implications of the form of the potentials for aggregation are also discussed | [['explicit', 'molecular', 'dynamics', 'simulations', 'were', 'applied', 'to', 'a', 'pair', 'of', 'amorphous', 'silica', 'nanoparticles', 'of', 'diameter', '32', 'nm', 'immersed', 'in', 'a', 'background', 'electrolyte', 'mean', 'forces', 'acting', 'between', 'the', 'pair', 'of', 'silica', 'nanoparticles', 'were', 'extracted', 'at', 'four', 'different', 'background', 'electrolyte', 'concentrations', 'dependence', 'of', 'the', 'interparticle', 'potential', 'of', 'mean', 'force', 'on', 'the', 'separation', 'and', 'the', 'silicon', 'to', 'sodium', 'ratio', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'on', 'the', 'background', 'electrolyte', 'concentration', 'are', 'demonstrated', 'the', 'ph', 'was', 'indirectly', 'accounted', 'for', 'via', 'the', 'ratio', 'of', 'silicon', 'to', 'sodium', 'used', 'in', 'the', 'simulations', 'the', 'nature', 'of', 'the', 'interaction', 'of', 'the', 'counterions', 'with', 'charged', 'silica', 'surface', 'sites', 'deprotonated', 'silanols', 'was', 'also', 'investigated', 'the', 'effect', 'of', 'the', 'sodium', 'double', 'layer', 'on', 'the', 'water', 'ordering', 'was', 'investigated', 'for', 'three', 'sina', 'ratios', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'water', 'molecules', 'trapped', 'inside', 'the', 'nanoparticles', 'was', 'investigated', 'as', 'the', 'sina', 'ratio', 'was', 'varied', 'differences', 'in', 'this', 'number', 'between', 'the', 'two', 'nanoparticles', 'in', 'the', 'simulations', 'are', 'attributed', 'to', 'differences', 'in', 'the', 'calculated', 'electric', 'dipole', 'moment', 'the', 'implications', 'of', 'the', 'form', 'of', 'the', 'potentials', 'for', 'aggregation', 'are', 'also', 'discussed']] | [-0.10393397920467401, 0.16966214470741664, -0.0010705479205800937, 0.030681477123237707, 0.07434617778969675, -0.10455878461385973, 0.004772860668778706, 0.41461573007720465, -0.1852579739760365, -0.341897491638455, 0.013828557700376143, -0.3447984027037033, -0.08829100671659648, 0.1364250719029258, 0.04600240689490167, 0.02064319987734504, -0.018929731310207462, 0.009645251733576053, -0.02787387918835208, -0.21257838098189005, 0.228128528674326, 0.0754261712527134, 0.29538636393404216, 0.14959599039126079, 0.07448958550833341, -0.03625663429823809, 0.03567377489043631, 0.04870896655570209, -0.13811831872293054, 0.10056604328763344, 0.18789658742335477, -0.03442803911104269, 0.1879849898458056, -0.47258312565952365, -0.21815114873929842, 0.05911302628800185, 0.12563944844730177, 0.10382588022834892, -0.11077908348201185, -0.26038773159479955, 0.04975047286533745, -0.10166458604229096, -0.1367811088349681, 0.021951667964458466, 0.04635925983635367, 0.1101271298179436, -0.24612133232490904, 0.08782431445485422, 0.011834341146123525, 0.08821990905252435, -0.10829587810061123, -0.20284909932714332, -0.0770795821148858, 0.11601441641980176, 0.06241617351977055, -0.03531907865854763, 0.2832551234616683, -0.08704107188476393, -0.02590213244858049, 0.3751438494837848, -0.11183130169513267, -0.18962604501808183, 0.20363119046738337, -0.136536802107347, -0.029187624826999766, 0.19900680380217597, 0.15643607116629474, 0.1176828745499077, -0.1922364910491384, 0.007955219822222113, -0.016986383307041854, 0.22166567154024788, 0.1603899143399263, -0.02287027888418831, 0.23023250273335175, 0.20771272619910672, -0.055295882983540996, 0.18516929308503602, -0.16197995338230753, -0.0726838109893559, -0.20302191331359895, -0.18643188786819664, -0.17787938618677057, 0.004240061025635151, -0.10342824849781936, -0.16371389785671286, 0.31610486730134124, 0.059091751342474005, 0.14265309658849382, -0.04705608454284936, 0.21646787136925397, 0.014603038018806315, 0.06258498495871741, -0.05347878081426465, 0.3168603668000395, 0.2038881405554271, 0.12477282824038842, -0.29260602693718213, 0.09786311382174316, 0.05329906951895083] |
708.2532 | Relationship between the atomic inversion and Wigner function for
multiphoton multimode Jaynes-Cummings model | In this paper we consider multimode multiphoton Jaynes-Cummings model, which
consists of a two-level atom, initially prepared in an excited atomic state,
interacting with $N$ modes of electromagnetic field prepared in general pure
quantum states. For this system we show that under certain conditions the
evolution of the Wigner function at the phase space origin provides direct
information on the corresponding atomic inversion. This relation is also valid
even if the system includes Kerr-like nonlinearity, Stark shift effect,
different types of the initial atomic state as well as moving atom.
Furthermore, based on this fact we discuss for the single-mode case the
possibility of detecting the atomic inversion by means of techniques similar to
those used for Wigner function.
| quant-ph | in this paper we consider multimode multiphoton jaynescummings model which consists of a twolevel atom initially prepared in an excited atomic state interacting with n modes of electromagnetic field prepared in general pure quantum states for this system we show that under certain conditions the evolution of the wigner function at the phase space origin provides direct information on the corresponding atomic inversion this relation is also valid even if the system includes kerrlike nonlinearity stark shift effect different types of the initial atomic state as well as moving atom furthermore based on this fact we discuss for the singlemode case the possibility of detecting the atomic inversion by means of techniques similar to those used for wigner function | [['in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'consider', 'multimode', 'multiphoton', 'jaynescummings', 'model', 'which', 'consists', 'of', 'a', 'twolevel', 'atom', 'initially', 'prepared', 'in', 'an', 'excited', 'atomic', 'state', 'interacting', 'with', 'n', 'modes', 'of', 'electromagnetic', 'field', 'prepared', 'in', 'general', 'pure', 'quantum', 'states', 'for', 'this', 'system', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'under', 'certain', 'conditions', 'the', 'evolution', 'of', 'the', 'wigner', 'function', 'at', 'the', 'phase', 'space', 'origin', 'provides', 'direct', 'information', 'on', 'the', 'corresponding', 'atomic', 'inversion', 'this', 'relation', 'is', 'also', 'valid', 'even', 'if', 'the', 'system', 'includes', 'kerrlike', 'nonlinearity', 'stark', 'shift', 'effect', 'different', 'types', 'of', 'the', 'initial', 'atomic', 'state', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'moving', 'atom', 'furthermore', 'based', 'on', 'this', 'fact', 'we', 'discuss', 'for', 'the', 'singlemode', 'case', 'the', 'possibility', 'of', 'detecting', 'the', 'atomic', 'inversion', 'by', 'means', 'of', 'techniques', 'similar', 'to', 'those', 'used', 'for', 'wigner', 'function']] | [-0.11514138166539316, 0.2012959474213705, -0.04382660238760985, 0.03971574412064016, 0.02203159096079464, -0.1374507946541392, 0.045489652989923315, 0.3703693230362499, -0.23641043721439958, -0.253967073988639, 0.015890386944613224, -0.23207395206041195, -0.1215192334894717, 0.173827165814054, 0.013138264378517115, 0.07709043834186277, 0.038030291668788976, 0.024901616281414983, -0.06675272955394843, -0.20207327100577444, 0.3943956162420516, 0.023146000588038826, 0.3021423577119698, -0.018343320320372104, 0.09716982515763585, 0.07412027786509084, 0.06538809027460192, -0.022797909476491036, -0.09788851772011659, 0.06995430140034099, 0.21006120334794165, 0.07293200833202504, 0.25749492131862317, -0.45583766631531614, -0.1903665993096573, 0.08126296790144524, 0.13238966810133526, 0.20663242083837224, -0.06320827048733643, -0.32325895800756116, -0.02203635298333937, -0.15109908737231462, -0.1797453845937212, -0.06058495572353361, 0.010981989051058827, 0.0013393899191077017, -0.2623483398224877, 0.06855933429421897, 0.07421119713337951, 0.05865789016614817, -0.0755046569437039, -0.0690969117230368, 0.018302683892636364, 0.07433905024785831, -0.056912013486090325, -0.024409655263420475, 0.1262952506193938, -0.1046210456044734, -0.08690383316980314, 0.3906704971484621, -0.11992257146532607, -0.188390101503753, 0.17442205587613294, -0.14664030629562355, -0.10304475582729117, 0.08489987661889872, 0.11778463850564816, 0.11998930449808846, -0.11680790347618465, 0.07290548149558927, -0.05129994695395732, 0.19282334740860624, 0.09651264661977835, 0.1090509537944938, 0.18749025774564, 0.13308422836404638, 0.0462765147745171, 0.23246242987978108, -0.070346703025035, -0.10759075084591613, -0.30518157242116434, -0.1803156825324458, -0.21445427382435306, 0.07890185656636453, -0.02222429349700071, -0.15879445864247674, 0.39342301415216896, 0.11928932647369489, 0.15268401396186912, -0.036388173011648116, 0.2857338522380891, 0.16981758325783333, -0.0071206488304168866, 0.007562680443858399, 0.2656425927665883, 0.14343271240740701, 0.07818790993989766, -0.26552516818653105, 0.03954824640126038, 0.023031966831190746] |
708.2533 | A covariant formalism of spin precession with respect to a reference
congruence | We derive an effectively three-dimensional relativistic spin precession
formalism. The formalism is applicable to any spacetime where an arbitrary
timelike reference congruence of worldlines is specified. We employ what we
call a stopped spin vector which is the spin vector that we would get if we
momentarily make a pure boost of the spin vector to stop it relative to the
congruence. Starting from the Fermi transport equation for the standard spin
vector we derive a corresponding transport equation for the stopped spin
vector. Employing a spacetime transport equation for a vector along a
worldline, corresponding to spatial parallel transport with respect to the
congruence, we can write down a precession formula for a gyroscope relative to
the local spatial geometry defined by the congruence. This general approach has
already been pursued by Jantzen et. al. (see e.g. Jantzen, Carini and Bini,
Ann. Phys. 215 (1997) 1), but the algebraic form of our respective expressions
differ. We are also applying the formalism to a novel type of spatial parallel
transport introduced in Jonsson (Class. Quantum Grav. 23 (2006) 1), as well as
verifying the validity of the intuitive approach of a forthcoming paper
(Jonsson, Am. Journ. Phys. 75 (2007) 463) where gyroscope precession is
explained entirely as a double Thomas type of effect. We also present the
resulting formalism in explicit three-dimensional form (using the boldface
vector notation), and give examples of applications.
| gr-qc | we derive an effectively threedimensional relativistic spin precession formalism the formalism is applicable to any spacetime where an arbitrary timelike reference congruence of worldlines is specified we employ what we call a stopped spin vector which is the spin vector that we would get if we momentarily make a pure boost of the spin vector to stop it relative to the congruence starting from the fermi transport equation for the standard spin vector we derive a corresponding transport equation for the stopped spin vector employing a spacetime transport equation for a vector along a worldline corresponding to spatial parallel transport with respect to the congruence we can write down a precession formula for a gyroscope relative to the local spatial geometry defined by the congruence this general approach has already been pursued by jantzen et al see eg jantzen carini and bini ann phys 215 1997 1 but the algebraic form of our respective expressions differ we are also applying the formalism to a novel type of spatial parallel transport introduced in jonsson class quantum grav 23 2006 1 as well as verifying the validity of the intuitive approach of a forthcoming paper jonsson am journ phys 75 2007 463 where gyroscope precession is explained entirely as a double thomas type of effect we also present the resulting formalism in explicit threedimensional form using the boldface vector notation and give examples of applications | [['we', 'derive', 'an', 'effectively', 'threedimensional', 'relativistic', 'spin', 'precession', 'formalism', 'the', 'formalism', 'is', 'applicable', 'to', 'any', 'spacetime', 'where', 'an', 'arbitrary', 'timelike', 'reference', 'congruence', 'of', 'worldlines', 'is', 'specified', 'we', 'employ', 'what', 'we', 'call', 'a', 'stopped', 'spin', 'vector', 'which', 'is', 'the', 'spin', 'vector', 'that', 'we', 'would', 'get', 'if', 'we', 'momentarily', 'make', 'a', 'pure', 'boost', 'of', 'the', 'spin', 'vector', 'to', 'stop', 'it', 'relative', 'to', 'the', 'congruence', 'starting', 'from', 'the', 'fermi', 'transport', 'equation', 'for', 'the', 'standard', 'spin', 'vector', 'we', 'derive', 'a', 'corresponding', 'transport', 'equation', 'for', 'the', 'stopped', 'spin', 'vector', 'employing', 'a', 'spacetime', 'transport', 'equation', 'for', 'a', 'vector', 'along', 'a', 'worldline', 'corresponding', 'to', 'spatial', 'parallel', 'transport', 'with', 'respect', 'to', 'the', 'congruence', 'we', 'can', 'write', 'down', 'a', 'precession', 'formula', 'for', 'a', 'gyroscope', 'relative', 'to', 'the', 'local', 'spatial', 'geometry', 'defined', 'by', 'the', 'congruence', 'this', 'general', 'approach', 'has', 'already', 'been', 'pursued', 'by', 'jantzen', 'et', 'al', 'see', 'eg', 'jantzen', 'carini', 'and', 'bini', 'ann', 'phys', '215', '1997', '1', 'but', 'the', 'algebraic', 'form', 'of', 'our', 'respective', 'expressions', 'differ', 'we', 'are', 'also', 'applying', 'the', 'formalism', 'to', 'a', 'novel', 'type', 'of', 'spatial', 'parallel', 'transport', 'introduced', 'in', 'jonsson', 'class', 'quantum', 'grav', '23', '2006', '1', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'verifying', 'the', 'validity', 'of', 'the', 'intuitive', 'approach', 'of', 'a', 'forthcoming', 'paper', 'jonsson', 'am', 'journ', 'phys', '75', '2007', '463', 'where', 'gyroscope', 'precession', 'is', 'explained', 'entirely', 'as', 'a', 'double', 'thomas', 'type', 'of', 'effect', 'we', 'also', 'present', 'the', 'resulting', 'formalism', 'in', 'explicit', 'threedimensional', 'form', 'using', 'the', 'boldface', 'vector', 'notation', 'and', 'give', 'examples', 'of', 'applications']] | [-0.12527620460180558, 0.13006207916714238, -0.07996299667253914, 0.0525981966549003, -0.13850567489462734, -0.14387413353735157, 0.029260674346130455, 0.32564208194235733, -0.25863266492396386, -0.2865816884918454, 0.02924205363596202, -0.2337682200136071, -0.12778600869308598, 0.18743759920808603, -0.05746609811439247, 0.027405812856471447, -0.0009774836090037623, 0.03280673615530517, -0.11118820439244705, -0.2320098053612007, 0.27994807969275143, 0.04784436339723314, 0.2569240016199233, 0.011974077222093364, 0.13948541065146386, 0.07819583543172594, -0.0156837026988328, 0.02184025883123023, -0.15228551225762343, 0.08980156797236191, 0.20464801078696251, 0.08112757094488594, 0.19984757614445917, -0.38795526132243385, -0.17707183063949575, 0.05296609292939493, 0.12353934294486953, 0.1538138385445415, -0.004950562744829084, -0.29482317240628947, 0.072217377082069, -0.21500776369172617, -0.18792980985692004, -0.10270295428040202, 0.07840460229988805, -0.020979956729745276, -0.2534106277636864, 0.07817926268815763, 0.11735345529225732, 0.0685687235040918, -0.05718176592593061, -0.09034253215485216, -0.006412486130043928, 0.04304649597713364, -0.0029116536854354607, 0.09531903565489555, 0.09714654293320993, -0.054716019438531716, -0.15311383186088068, 0.36441890169494656, -0.07202199913907092, -0.2513871177153606, 0.1413913572670756, -0.12768273699485053, -0.10823071578191794, 0.0821615808179738, 0.14175154239163124, 0.1449444805273922, -0.16231994518546525, 0.13210361399797746, -0.07766036719459513, 0.0828979993838609, 0.12002865734905836, -0.01745997336788039, 0.18495261233475843, 0.09504495204682162, -0.010376763310235458, 0.10966127232824305, -0.09910514029322488, -0.09382246022375976, -0.32413921925706923, -0.2108536684789316, -0.1555243704603913, 0.1380401384824879, -0.04238021581585103, -0.12388116283574073, 0.3712387137342836, 0.14884493086669923, 0.17731482068740248, 0.028885346518074013, 0.23597482914133036, 0.1333890493705373, 0.02739207901319393, 0.12682932322692975, 0.2329948263206867, 0.19057860139301727, 0.11449450966322498, -0.1855990778626834, -0.010284430075580726, 0.10423934440500235] |
708.2534 | Low energy effective theory on a regularized brane in six-dimensional
flux compactifications | Conical brane singularities in six-dimensional flux compactification models
can be resolved by introducing cylindrical codimension-one branes with regular
caps instead of 3-branes (a la Kaluza-Klein braneworlds with fluxes). In this
paper, we consider such a regularized braneworld with axial symmetry in
six-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell theory. We derive a low energy effective
theory on the regularized brane by employing the gradient expansion approach,
and show that standard four-dimensional Einstein gravity is recovered at low
energies. Our effective equations extend to the nonlinear gravity regime,
implying that conventional cosmology can be reproduced in the regularized
braneworld.
| hep-th astro-ph gr-qc hep-ph | conical brane singularities in sixdimensional flux compactification models can be resolved by introducing cylindrical codimensionone branes with regular caps instead of 3branes a la kaluzaklein braneworlds with fluxes in this paper we consider such a regularized braneworld with axial symmetry in sixdimensional einsteinmaxwell theory we derive a low energy effective theory on the regularized brane by employing the gradient expansion approach and show that standard fourdimensional einstein gravity is recovered at low energies our effective equations extend to the nonlinear gravity regime implying that conventional cosmology can be reproduced in the regularized braneworld | [['conical', 'brane', 'singularities', 'in', 'sixdimensional', 'flux', 'compactification', 'models', 'can', 'be', 'resolved', 'by', 'introducing', 'cylindrical', 'codimensionone', 'branes', 'with', 'regular', 'caps', 'instead', 'of', '3branes', 'a', 'la', 'kaluzaklein', 'braneworlds', 'with', 'fluxes', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'consider', 'such', 'a', 'regularized', 'braneworld', 'with', 'axial', 'symmetry', 'in', 'sixdimensional', 'einsteinmaxwell', 'theory', 'we', 'derive', 'a', 'low', 'energy', 'effective', 'theory', 'on', 'the', 'regularized', 'brane', 'by', 'employing', 'the', 'gradient', 'expansion', 'approach', 'and', 'show', 'that', 'standard', 'fourdimensional', 'einstein', 'gravity', 'is', 'recovered', 'at', 'low', 'energies', 'our', 'effective', 'equations', 'extend', 'to', 'the', 'nonlinear', 'gravity', 'regime', 'implying', 'that', 'conventional', 'cosmology', 'can', 'be', 'reproduced', 'in', 'the', 'regularized', 'braneworld']] | [-0.12660677008010368, 0.13149272808204254, -0.0805300983490162, 0.14465101637316727, -0.09939771379414265, -0.19433820554586026, -0.08116565799085243, 0.2931267143056918, -0.1591855592109383, -0.27713512575944826, 0.07111177647296059, -0.2393857806405273, -0.14028806131212943, 0.08652755487973111, -0.13599398679610702, -0.02139617433591235, -0.015132188376399779, -0.015524782380589875, -0.13154022238387536, -0.23844333621172575, 0.3878778749876606, 0.05580049801257349, 0.2641984791224522, 0.013407412007631313, 0.1313969714558303, -0.05322742905537848, 0.05030000929330145, 0.12534878617252715, -0.16191378050506922, 0.10585236028137227, 0.2361159976839757, 0.030121808085510487, 0.11444579347747788, -0.47593853232120314, -0.3374212416169304, 0.045984495801710955, 0.21012753957722297, 0.18681708190550086, -0.029784954534793493, -0.27800920850006483, 0.044844882585288535, -0.18769136600394143, -0.2147660251501547, -0.08572373300495367, -0.08740467077461622, -0.09407569133546403, -0.238650266952332, 0.1255671147085596, -0.03013450856150318, 0.012652633241027273, -0.08995181255503207, -0.05369496438652277, -0.06650876352233032, -0.05343732660916704, 0.14640264169898845, 0.06357032399103847, 0.13114891418691485, -0.10773167354730709, -0.12112639221032301, 0.3496097569023409, -0.1967862793882828, -0.2759532336626322, 0.09688149316496747, -0.1422172158515902, -0.10433825880279063, 0.1079849382331695, 0.10627840473366681, 0.2227103737212958, -0.11908756065312573, 0.2324558201456262, 0.008661142234960872, 0.10149614479873449, 0.1463958567048433, -0.009553389999294472, 0.3299025356949818, 0.13312137487434572, 0.03557662284302135, 0.12426108271834911, -0.054988055948107954, -0.10578013180444638, -0.3930544890263068, -0.08558469636225573, -0.11065814089811137, 0.13772826386936088, -0.19710405584989912, -0.17714600288559512, 0.2960445367961481, 0.055427301544896376, 0.1515350601715987, 0.05183386853745868, 0.24860894726088612, 0.10672012968514595, 0.06670163376056538, 0.1065591931673548, 0.3131882718974544, 0.10592799263715905, 0.09555257070729489, -0.24982604648297033, -0.2106473530262148, 0.18896902256434964] |
708.2535 | A Remark on the Conjectures of Lang-Trotter and Sato-Tate on Average | We obtain new average results on the conjectures of Lang-Trotter and
Sato-Tate about elliptic curves.
| math.NT | we obtain new average results on the conjectures of langtrotter and satotate about elliptic curves | [['we', 'obtain', 'new', 'average', 'results', 'on', 'the', 'conjectures', 'of', 'langtrotter', 'and', 'satotate', 'about', 'elliptic', 'curves']] | [-0.1842343680560589, -0.05734985616678993, -0.24931778324147066, 0.13730534215768178, -0.13165050347646076, -0.11269247097273667, 0.07496889034907023, 0.321922201414903, -0.20100092540184658, -0.3517993981639544, 0.11278013422464331, -0.3113542387572428, -0.10487788120905558, 0.41910654827952387, -0.2398801300674677, 0.11037118484576543, 0.06445012837648392, 0.08079229407012463, -0.1302388242756327, -0.4718063871065776, 0.35349423761169113, -0.06695232583830754, 0.1949491402755181, 0.18591838392118612, 0.042229307194550834, 0.07174110217019916, -0.06588426070908705, -0.13737579435110092, -0.30817113630473614, 0.3024777779976527, 0.18778955886761348, 0.04747299865509073, 0.1037238589177529, -0.33340323766072594, -0.1385932292168339, 0.09127843951185545, 0.08023206267292456, 0.04952869862318039, -0.002515904085400204, -0.25135032286246617, 0.12351428388307492, -0.06659801161537568, -0.24851905206839245, -0.10686760748115678, 0.013137530038754145, 0.13441935032606125, -0.20547607764601708, 0.12037999949728449, 0.09521730194489161, 0.20867135021835564, -0.14064390442023675, -0.22677020741005738, 0.06402966429789861, 0.05839312275250753, 0.12007494969293475, -0.028196661826223136, 0.025666846490154663, -0.15994135042031607, -0.19384937255332868, 0.2756175895531972, -0.0909768670409297, -0.07173695564270019, 0.04416282953073581, -0.1448269365976254, -0.17158503060539562, 0.05831548273563385, 0.22632410619407892, 0.16429495190580687, 0.05602866876870394, -0.02431398214539513, -0.23333154022693633, 0.13688480121393998, 0.15036216024309396, -0.07607361897826195, 0.0926304429769516, -0.04623804800212383, 0.08132671459267536, 0.10883155780999611, -0.03402907849910359, -0.09022944119448463, -0.36142770797014234, -0.244612855091691, -0.01333026091257731, 0.19505741223692893, -0.16579780016618315, -0.08814802517493565, 0.44628408551216125, 0.11131722951928774, 0.20961963000396888, 0.18303414341062307, 0.1638901458432277, 0.10188407320529222, -0.044450752809643744, 0.12867820262908936, 0.13627814302841823, 0.26995136626064775, 0.0054414347124596436, -0.1535343959927559, -0.007766397638867299, 0.17329680401210984] |
708.2536 | Classical communication and entanglement cost in preparing a class of
multi-qubit states | Recently, several similar protocols[J. Opt. B 4 (2002) 380; Phys. Lett. A 316
(2003) 159; Phys. Lett. A 355 (2006) 285; Phys. Lett. A 336 (2005) 317] for
remotely preparing a class of multi-qubit states (i.e, $\alpha|0 ...
0>+\beta|1... 1>$) are proposed, respectively. In this paper, by applying the
controlled-not (CNOT) gate, a new simple protocol is proposed for remotely
preparing such class of states. Compared to the previous protocols, both
classical communication cost and required quantum entanglement in our protocol
are remarkably reduced. Moreover, the difficulty of identifying some quantum
states in our protocol is also degraded. Hence our protocol is more economical
and feasible.
| quant-ph | recently several similar protocolsj opt b 4 2002 380 phys lett a 316 2003 159 phys lett a 355 2006 285 phys lett a 336 2005 317 for remotely preparing a class of multiqubit states ie alpha0 0beta1 1 are proposed respectively in this paper by applying the controllednot cnot gate a new simple protocol is proposed for remotely preparing such class of states compared to the previous protocols both classical communication cost and required quantum entanglement in our protocol are remarkably reduced moreover the difficulty of identifying some quantum states in our protocol is also degraded hence our protocol is more economical and feasible | [['recently', 'several', 'similar', 'protocolsj', 'opt', 'b', '4', '2002', '380', 'phys', 'lett', 'a', '316', '2003', '159', 'phys', 'lett', 'a', '355', '2006', '285', 'phys', 'lett', 'a', '336', '2005', '317', 'for', 'remotely', 'preparing', 'a', 'class', 'of', 'multiqubit', 'states', 'ie', 'alpha0', '0beta1', '1', 'are', 'proposed', 'respectively', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'by', 'applying', 'the', 'controllednot', 'cnot', 'gate', 'a', 'new', 'simple', 'protocol', 'is', 'proposed', 'for', 'remotely', 'preparing', 'such', 'class', 'of', 'states', 'compared', 'to', 'the', 'previous', 'protocols', 'both', 'classical', 'communication', 'cost', 'and', 'required', 'quantum', 'entanglement', 'in', 'our', 'protocol', 'are', 'remarkably', 'reduced', 'moreover', 'the', 'difficulty', 'of', 'identifying', 'some', 'quantum', 'states', 'in', 'our', 'protocol', 'is', 'also', 'degraded', 'hence', 'our', 'protocol', 'is', 'more', 'economical', 'and', 'feasible']] | [-0.12016105971885666, 0.14599461803356042, -0.015476854777751634, -0.0752248353696464, 0.01129097393892992, -0.23822831622629353, 0.1585607611486921, 0.3614680348411919, -0.12174706349861271, -0.3896144622793564, 0.011563573475891294, -0.2517049719015351, -0.1665349795993489, 0.26832401304944564, -0.18396380385540675, 0.13745156204990613, 0.04575269511685921, -0.08467282401397824, -0.03048947711011771, -0.3284938794811471, 0.13604923067815924, 0.0654125295427198, 0.32188645857632553, 0.028929446286593493, 0.028940256505918045, 0.020356822772345576, 0.030846862225399282, -0.07098962413147092, -0.12933762991227782, 0.051437712606387395, 0.25161423729822185, 0.11816062584358196, 0.2729589414352981, -0.346310339984484, -0.18648961443418208, 0.09206344753553052, 0.0200394247031699, 0.17094214429156496, -0.0027097006572708218, -0.3842578987779024, 0.0692721709716492, -0.27425292768748477, -0.06884542605481468, -0.11691491629776116, 0.15671023844669646, -0.07368997358403598, -0.3008226424885484, 0.1313363919031802, 0.0486082080214356, 0.047766635239195936, 0.04839268210791768, -0.05753671066262401, -0.0043233260289875595, 0.012073098207250811, -0.17428628155343737, 0.09889859656015268, 0.10208066189751172, -0.02293248933766825, -0.1996845445380761, 0.3351909754699311, 0.02383172652648332, -0.10432396952707607, 0.2215924521017139, -0.015522788328011163, -0.14404680833327943, 0.07671053421038848, 0.0958519197257164, 0.16531138411329055, -0.19380313873541757, 0.08937019798255418, -0.08205450617242604, 0.19072874802916956, 0.12045762219573729, 0.07066068020559704, 0.06433838689162467, 0.0692675130513425, 0.03596599738991175, 0.13052257267162742, -0.09639794018585235, -0.12534226478713278, -0.3087317312288528, -0.2187241142802612, -0.24395915806794968, 0.09796623034232582, 0.020687349508079933, -0.022121087973713517, 0.43015195748123985, 0.15446061471895797, 0.18358490936449157, 0.005745707554384493, 0.2068517932717581, 0.05752534682463962, -0.044689006518568095, 0.22822103433113974, 0.26361696699845755, 0.1612085654565957, 0.11872924729966773, -0.17944408976025164, -0.0021305616246536374, -0.011910354973784147] |
708.2537 | Optical geometry across the horizon | In a companion paper (Jonsson and Westman, Class. Quantum Grav. 23 (2006)
61), a generalization of optical geometry, assuming a non-shearing reference
congruence, is discussed. Here we illustrate that this formalism can be applied
to a finite four-volume of any spherically symmetric spacetime. In particular
we apply the formalism, using a non-static reference congruence, to do optical
geometry across the horizon of a static black hole. While the resulting
geometry in principle is time dependent, we can choose the reference congruence
in such a manner that an embedding of the geometry always looks the same.
Relative to the embedded geometry the reference points are then moving. We
discuss the motion of photons, inertial forces and gyroscope precession in this
framework.
| gr-qc | in a companion paper jonsson and westman class quantum grav 23 2006 61 a generalization of optical geometry assuming a nonshearing reference congruence is discussed here we illustrate that this formalism can be applied to a finite fourvolume of any spherically symmetric spacetime in particular we apply the formalism using a nonstatic reference congruence to do optical geometry across the horizon of a static black hole while the resulting geometry in principle is time dependent we can choose the reference congruence in such a manner that an embedding of the geometry always looks the same relative to the embedded geometry the reference points are then moving we discuss the motion of photons inertial forces and gyroscope precession in this framework | [['in', 'a', 'companion', 'paper', 'jonsson', 'and', 'westman', 'class', 'quantum', 'grav', '23', '2006', '61', 'a', 'generalization', 'of', 'optical', 'geometry', 'assuming', 'a', 'nonshearing', 'reference', 'congruence', 'is', 'discussed', 'here', 'we', 'illustrate', 'that', 'this', 'formalism', 'can', 'be', 'applied', 'to', 'a', 'finite', 'fourvolume', 'of', 'any', 'spherically', 'symmetric', 'spacetime', 'in', 'particular', 'we', 'apply', 'the', 'formalism', 'using', 'a', 'nonstatic', 'reference', 'congruence', 'to', 'do', 'optical', 'geometry', 'across', 'the', 'horizon', 'of', 'a', 'static', 'black', 'hole', 'while', 'the', 'resulting', 'geometry', 'in', 'principle', 'is', 'time', 'dependent', 'we', 'can', 'choose', 'the', 'reference', 'congruence', 'in', 'such', 'a', 'manner', 'that', 'an', 'embedding', 'of', 'the', 'geometry', 'always', 'looks', 'the', 'same', 'relative', 'to', 'the', 'embedded', 'geometry', 'the', 'reference', 'points', 'are', 'then', 'moving', 'we', 'discuss', 'the', 'motion', 'of', 'photons', 'inertial', 'forces', 'and', 'gyroscope', 'precession', 'in', 'this', 'framework']] | [-0.1456682810637479, 0.08733709789533653, -0.11967484894897401, 0.06447677594066287, -0.08899370921620478, -0.129058512696065, 0.004465578325471143, 0.3773836134777715, -0.25284334399329966, -0.2681778231984936, 0.05344760284157625, -0.24580783819546922, -0.13022264022923385, 0.1625753145791047, -0.13488526474684476, 0.017517711592760558, 0.02169931917451322, 0.05504817365435884, -0.1229471125989221, -0.19399510056246072, 0.3099398703624805, 0.05837735751701985, 0.2630192467593588, -0.014151478628627956, 0.11614304678126548, 0.04065462398187568, 0.0020600517539908956, 0.10406634405565758, -0.11936671782811269, 0.09010754482199748, 0.22581218984560109, 0.10096831215390314, 0.2183658044921079, -0.3675600606637696, -0.18691786004928873, 0.08643655420358604, 0.12155027181530992, 0.17989424376088817, -0.04673182424060845, -0.28142291281061865, 0.0675205556995934, -0.19510582537235072, -0.1627394282259047, -0.027732960344292224, 0.06347341339569539, -0.004417169379788296, -0.2193292593001388, 0.04648893034706513, 0.10706580388584068, 0.03803597809807494, -0.11427808239823208, 0.006938140439645698, 0.01864044084213674, 0.08683712536342986, 0.0025222386815585197, 0.04535727824550122, 0.1465885526733473, -0.028561849958108117, -0.12017345270141959, 0.41740149560694895, -0.06320656408400585, -0.2615976331755519, 0.1539790636471783, -0.1711861066520214, -0.11070314430398867, 0.07150441983637089, 0.18608147578003506, 0.1771437426796183, -0.14898747466504575, 0.14389171999161288, -0.05786664039284612, 0.16174745733636275, 0.12774446850720172, -0.0013871656730771065, 0.24489031344007042, 0.08468963789831226, 0.0043983583280351015, 0.16542826957205156, -0.09226141292989874, -0.10198086074863871, -0.3603594216673324, -0.17844057811847355, -0.1476943458779715, 0.11714350612989316, -0.1168195942841218, -0.1604967104581495, 0.35683569211202365, 0.13756019252032275, 0.1531632127473131, -0.0023735048387607096, 0.2702080005100773, 0.0811402858234942, 0.021319591801147907, 0.12379098349095632, 0.2880222252647703, 0.12261343006199847, 0.09518046827094319, -0.17948521196085493, -0.05485590358924431, 0.08642541276252208] |
708.2538 | Relation between the x-dependence of Higher Twist Contribution to $F_3$
and $g_1^p - g_1^n$ in the Light of the Recent Experimental Data | We compare the recent results on the higher twist (HT) contribution to the
nonsinglet combination $g_1^p - g_1^n$ of the polarized proton and neutron
structure functions with that one to the unpolarized structure function $F_3$
using the assumption that the HT contributions to the Gross-Llewellyn Smith and
the Bjorken sum rules are similar. We have found, that the relation
${1/3}h^{F_3}(x) \approx \frac{6}{g_A}h^{g_1^p - g_1^n}(x)$ is valid for $x
\geq 0.2$ in the case of NLO QCD approximation for the leading term parts of
the structure functions.
| hep-ph | we compare the recent results on the higher twist ht contribution to the nonsinglet combination g_1p g_1n of the polarized proton and neutron structure functions with that one to the unpolarized structure function f_3 using the assumption that the ht contributions to the grossllewellyn smith and the bjorken sum rules are similar we have found that the relation 13hf_3x approx frac6g_ahg_1p g_1nx is valid for x geq 02 in the case of nlo qcd approximation for the leading term parts of the structure functions | [['we', 'compare', 'the', 'recent', 'results', 'on', 'the', 'higher', 'twist', 'ht', 'contribution', 'to', 'the', 'nonsinglet', 'combination', 'g_1p', 'g_1n', 'of', 'the', 'polarized', 'proton', 'and', 'neutron', 'structure', 'functions', 'with', 'that', 'one', 'to', 'the', 'unpolarized', 'structure', 'function', 'f_3', 'using', 'the', 'assumption', 'that', 'the', 'ht', 'contributions', 'to', 'the', 'grossllewellyn', 'smith', 'and', 'the', 'bjorken', 'sum', 'rules', 'are', 'similar', 'we', 'have', 'found', 'that', 'the', 'relation', '13hf_3x', 'approx', 'frac6g_ahg_1p', 'g_1nx', 'is', 'valid', 'for', 'x', 'geq', '02', 'in', 'the', 'case', 'of', 'nlo', 'qcd', 'approximation', 'for', 'the', 'leading', 'term', 'parts', 'of', 'the', 'structure', 'functions']] | [-0.0927337749822849, 0.12626611518037573, -0.10694242459040408, 0.11462132438091652, -0.049077366467383574, -0.011694751193650385, 0.03830529189499651, 0.36680089498347623, -0.23176430483780255, -0.18254607259409455, 0.018873133530510906, -0.3200284142910344, -0.08528540917195199, 0.1494453940810295, 0.08842952726440782, 0.027902981700807263, -0.010526634298446701, -0.016977045293215934, -0.14230322325886113, -0.24424834422647906, 0.3832380403878122, 0.0068556301965855245, 0.269308926480845, 0.09983085599023758, 0.08846013470575577, 0.03614535623956926, -0.038746965526625876, -0.06127693013447087, -0.12517650699711094, 0.07728075131024348, 0.20583726400679841, 0.042656879025943034, 0.10944215681619669, -0.36122690503508215, -0.12395404767040617, 0.054683457054879245, 0.10155282876590585, 0.025174978316943274, 0.031451075665777685, -0.1749706610599987, 0.11589993810190297, -0.21098732690485875, -0.14906924395117818, -0.12016519957517342, 0.017595491383406447, 0.02394130998631803, -0.3306136592568137, 0.08993466753262754, 0.02370571312153848, -0.03539551401556265, -0.0587543600562551, -0.26173309019834895, -0.02280789752002442, 0.08178913226442003, 0.09212416165973991, 0.17428754146278994, 0.0681855455949539, -0.19518166627144304, -0.09321772893209283, 0.3503372495988293, -0.07251643161175818, -0.1841854692859825, 0.08753749988291686, -0.2548910237553461, -0.1658298319671303, 0.13405444763782548, 0.12342859678561004, 0.1423626061945603, -0.11651904780130902, 0.10650855208400682, -0.0565870851406078, 0.1619940214313385, 0.08585691009648144, 0.009422144707769337, 0.12239263948371135, 0.10817520445349013, -0.026122543730818463, 0.10138417897666464, -0.10233906095154674, -0.07526052417233586, -0.338638052656656, -0.09282847438234745, -0.1105128510275901, 0.09734450587321346, -0.12075068087213411, -0.12009205861107969, 0.3527434946310411, 0.07898085388900121, 0.20720140210660912, 0.05637976633975419, 0.29483919616834053, 0.14554275537020436, 0.11176445216462924, 0.06571988053279133, 0.24256754125661512, 0.19071035729096522, 0.10251427315198249, -0.23238211126839062, 0.06274529379116735, 0.08878551080550362] |
708.2539 | The Romanov theorem revised | Let P be the set of all primes and P_2=P\cup{p_1p_2: p_1,p_2\in P}$. We prove
that the sumset 2^P+P_2={2^p+q: p\in P, q\in P_2} has a positive lower density.
| math.NT | let p be the set of all primes and p_2pcupp_1p_2 p_1p_2in p we prove that the sumset 2pp_22pq pin p qin p_2 has a positive lower density | [['let', 'p', 'be', 'the', 'set', 'of', 'all', 'primes', 'and', 'p_2pcupp_1p_2', 'p_1p_2in', 'p', 'we', 'prove', 'that', 'the', 'sumset', '2pp_22pq', 'pin', 'p', 'qin', 'p_2', 'has', 'a', 'positive', 'lower', 'density']] | [-0.24561431139707565, 0.15058785662055016, -0.15795309148728848, 0.03582114353775978, 0.00478153171017766, -0.209913812559098, 0.03779633298516274, 0.27221195712685586, -0.31238344695419074, -0.20942217014729977, -0.06261362623423337, -0.36785181701183317, -0.007805187776684761, 0.14709753274917603, -0.0504329814016819, 0.038452354371547696, 0.005050173848867416, 0.13074659552425147, -0.029246269958093762, -0.3043649355322123, 0.2653060419857502, -0.1951888909190893, 0.1163400362432003, 0.058472377550788227, -0.004143972992897034, 0.01753791805356741, 0.1259345910511911, -0.03074574423022568, -0.29179454156343126, 0.045694400519132615, 0.3429335352778435, 0.15607679086737336, 0.38202527359127997, -0.33794826820492746, -0.1341128823533654, 0.3421481466293335, 0.1395152110233903, -0.1703082885220647, 0.010006906678900123, -0.18116104878485204, 0.32952370557934046, -0.08821889623999596, -0.13096799599006773, -0.047006151154637334, 0.2723995462059975, 0.03878637097775936, -0.43799283020198343, -0.02164951719343662, 0.15225114196538925, 0.10317412819713354, -0.0443494442012161, -0.3335933193191886, -0.0713467903714627, 0.009162862729281187, -0.03215291082859039, 0.14043853094335645, -0.01188541466370225, 0.033998325585853306, -0.1270714946836233, 0.321980430111289, -0.01055660255253315, -0.1862482938170433, 0.02893230617046356, -0.3223951582610607, -0.11312664553523064, 0.14995858676731585, 0.09639417041093111, 0.13197098925709724, 0.08279012132436037, 0.29141494288807734, -0.20440735953394323, 0.1360307122557424, 0.18733835455030204, -0.051875329855829475, 0.08510215669870376, 6.78817555308342e-05, 0.15641661982983351, 0.053533616992644965, -0.08111695928499102, 0.19232431231066585, -0.3881753233075142, -0.12554804690182209, -0.22405625194776804, 0.18917030036449434, -0.10074528390483466, -0.10402039714157581, 0.26273064941167834, 0.05281390257179737, 0.19596972532570361, 0.10738053102046251, 0.1417318756878376, 0.1549325250048423, -0.03204914653673768, 0.11182991858571768, -0.033939951844513414, 0.1573665726184845, -0.11753546871244908, -0.15300120435655118, 0.04308517007157207, 0.14813069853000344] |
708.254 | Global Solutions of Shock Reflection by Large-Angle Wedges for Potential
Flow | When a plane shock hits a wedge head on, it experiences a
reflection-diffraction process and then a self-similar reflected shock moves
outward as the original shock moves forward in time. Experimental,
computational, and asymptotic analysis has shown that various patterns of shock
reflection may occur, including regular and Mach reflection. However, most of
the fundamental issues for shock reflection have not been understood, including
the global structure, stability, and transition of the different patterns of
shock reflection. Therefore, it is essential to establish the global existence
and structural stability of solutions of shock reflection in order to
understand fully the phenomena of shock reflection. On the other hand, there
has been no rigorous mathematical result on the global existence and structural
stability of shock reflection, including the case of potential flow which is
widely used in aerodynamics. Such problems involve several challenging
difficulties in the analysis of nonlinear partial differential equations such
as mixed equations of elliptic-hyperbolic type, free boundary problems, and
corner singularity where an elliptic degenerate curve meets a free boundary. In
this paper we develop a rigorous mathematical approach to overcome these
difficulties involved and establish a global theory of existence and stability
for shock reflection by large-angle wedges for potential flow. The techniques
and ideas developed here will be useful for other nonlinear problems involving
similar difficulties.
| math.AP math-ph math.MP | when a plane shock hits a wedge head on it experiences a reflectiondiffraction process and then a selfsimilar reflected shock moves outward as the original shock moves forward in time experimental computational and asymptotic analysis has shown that various patterns of shock reflection may occur including regular and mach reflection however most of the fundamental issues for shock reflection have not been understood including the global structure stability and transition of the different patterns of shock reflection therefore it is essential to establish the global existence and structural stability of solutions of shock reflection in order to understand fully the phenomena of shock reflection on the other hand there has been no rigorous mathematical result on the global existence and structural stability of shock reflection including the case of potential flow which is widely used in aerodynamics such problems involve several challenging difficulties in the analysis of nonlinear partial differential equations such as mixed equations of elliptichyperbolic type free boundary problems and corner singularity where an elliptic degenerate curve meets a free boundary in this paper we develop a rigorous mathematical approach to overcome these difficulties involved and establish a global theory of existence and stability for shock reflection by largeangle wedges for potential flow the techniques and ideas developed here will be useful for other nonlinear problems involving similar difficulties | [['when', 'a', 'plane', 'shock', 'hits', 'a', 'wedge', 'head', 'on', 'it', 'experiences', 'a', 'reflectiondiffraction', 'process', 'and', 'then', 'a', 'selfsimilar', 'reflected', 'shock', 'moves', 'outward', 'as', 'the', 'original', 'shock', 'moves', 'forward', 'in', 'time', 'experimental', 'computational', 'and', 'asymptotic', 'analysis', 'has', 'shown', 'that', 'various', 'patterns', 'of', 'shock', 'reflection', 'may', 'occur', 'including', 'regular', 'and', 'mach', 'reflection', 'however', 'most', 'of', 'the', 'fundamental', 'issues', 'for', 'shock', 'reflection', 'have', 'not', 'been', 'understood', 'including', 'the', 'global', 'structure', 'stability', 'and', 'transition', 'of', 'the', 'different', 'patterns', 'of', 'shock', 'reflection', 'therefore', 'it', 'is', 'essential', 'to', 'establish', 'the', 'global', 'existence', 'and', 'structural', 'stability', 'of', 'solutions', 'of', 'shock', 'reflection', 'in', 'order', 'to', 'understand', 'fully', 'the', 'phenomena', 'of', 'shock', 'reflection', 'on', 'the', 'other', 'hand', 'there', 'has', 'been', 'no', 'rigorous', 'mathematical', 'result', 'on', 'the', 'global', 'existence', 'and', 'structural', 'stability', 'of', 'shock', 'reflection', 'including', 'the', 'case', 'of', 'potential', 'flow', 'which', 'is', 'widely', 'used', 'in', 'aerodynamics', 'such', 'problems', 'involve', 'several', 'challenging', 'difficulties', 'in', 'the', 'analysis', 'of', 'nonlinear', 'partial', 'differential', 'equations', 'such', 'as', 'mixed', 'equations', 'of', 'elliptichyperbolic', 'type', 'free', 'boundary', 'problems', 'and', 'corner', 'singularity', 'where', 'an', 'elliptic', 'degenerate', 'curve', 'meets', 'a', 'free', 'boundary', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'develop', 'a', 'rigorous', 'mathematical', 'approach', 'to', 'overcome', 'these', 'difficulties', 'involved', 'and', 'establish', 'a', 'global', 'theory', 'of', 'existence', 'and', 'stability', 'for', 'shock', 'reflection', 'by', 'largeangle', 'wedges', 'for', 'potential', 'flow', 'the', 'techniques', 'and', 'ideas', 'developed', 'here', 'will', 'be', 'useful', 'for', 'other', 'nonlinear', 'problems', 'involving', 'similar', 'difficulties']] | [-0.10916041986114973, 0.057075402634684524, -0.11299932658739759, 0.08775527598693388, -0.14640535754931255, -0.13545819867731018, 0.0014957323379612346, 0.3413124022609238, -0.31516436779317425, -0.2614762689644361, 0.1716745758815816, -0.24699364298727042, -0.14385527675566834, 0.21006791014777396, -0.04492068298085176, 0.10051257177245512, 0.04981934411737781, -0.0020481465864774866, -0.05691339739185349, -0.15107817797472795, 0.3400523884988883, 0.003998654592166996, 0.2553614684911571, 0.08554918922028795, 0.09956075527628344, -0.015834003410879437, -0.009900238226922186, 0.04638787882394111, -0.15276696316480276, 0.07467093198492752, 0.2515253434863734, 0.1055700668910512, 0.27330519967265765, -0.5021199735378787, -0.2845815300106016, 0.04678646496990148, 0.16375385425938505, 0.08423050378535651, -0.06693429528046568, -0.25347928744024384, 0.052229668396710505, -0.12954370633222803, -0.20747403571871004, -0.018277266765502176, 0.009720940397034623, 0.03198451237548648, -0.22170845421301874, 0.10166713186619777, 0.08907062530057185, 0.06682881436571984, -0.055018401332831694, -0.04157838910792815, -0.050867149436464996, 0.10774445021274812, 0.10171072656376713, -0.03282004484181962, 0.073021681275539, -0.15151860308622714, -0.11748597330236765, 0.42179662400932466, 0.011515324538662119, -0.18809788130783175, 0.2533975008103946, -0.14482227356196276, -0.12345343779738807, 0.1839413003157403, 0.16614307710749193, 0.09728003023085946, -0.11319228752187771, 0.06620596878692019, -0.04109971324188373, 0.10698631569865366, 0.13043030080010448, -0.03194153750983248, 0.16065463748638312, 0.13750474101614113, 0.09944879411871448, 0.11994992723958188, -0.06492121126587035, -0.08223267967235381, -0.32737569805504374, -0.14267117158421294, -0.0879026118142328, 0.018157172030561216, -0.07801521316115909, -0.20869904320423147, 0.3718064293274298, 0.121618539464188, 0.14690358512897922, -0.03424690106653975, 0.2866253650070872, 0.15839989048431993, -0.014977367724686, 0.06654226144921135, 0.23626016284290668, 0.1714175660679395, 0.12918801783326997, -0.21353480737283403, 0.09107935303170023, 0.08458590335992262] |
708.2541 | GRANIT project: a trap for gravitational quantum states of UCN | Previous studies of gravitationally bound states of ultracold neutrons showed
the quantization of energy levels, and confirmed quantum mechanical predictions
for the average size of the two lowest energy states wave functions.
Improvements in position-like measurements can increase the accuracy by an
order of magnitude only. We therefore develop another approach, consisting in
accurate measurements of the energy levels. The GRANIT experiment is devoted to
the study of resonant transitions between quantum states induced by an
oscillating perturbation.
According to Heisenberg's uncertainty relations, the accuracy of measurement
of the energy levels is limited by the time available to perform the
transitions. Thus, trapping quantum states will be necessary, and each source
of losses has to be controlled in order to maximize the lifetime of the states.
We discuss the general principles of transitions between quantum states, and
consider the main systematical losses of neutrons in a trap.
| quant-ph | previous studies of gravitationally bound states of ultracold neutrons showed the quantization of energy levels and confirmed quantum mechanical predictions for the average size of the two lowest energy states wave functions improvements in positionlike measurements can increase the accuracy by an order of magnitude only we therefore develop another approach consisting in accurate measurements of the energy levels the granit experiment is devoted to the study of resonant transitions between quantum states induced by an oscillating perturbation according to heisenbergs uncertainty relations the accuracy of measurement of the energy levels is limited by the time available to perform the transitions thus trapping quantum states will be necessary and each source of losses has to be controlled in order to maximize the lifetime of the states we discuss the general principles of transitions between quantum states and consider the main systematical losses of neutrons in a trap | [['previous', 'studies', 'of', 'gravitationally', 'bound', 'states', 'of', 'ultracold', 'neutrons', 'showed', 'the', 'quantization', 'of', 'energy', 'levels', 'and', 'confirmed', 'quantum', 'mechanical', 'predictions', 'for', 'the', 'average', 'size', 'of', 'the', 'two', 'lowest', 'energy', 'states', 'wave', 'functions', 'improvements', 'in', 'positionlike', 'measurements', 'can', 'increase', 'the', 'accuracy', 'by', 'an', 'order', 'of', 'magnitude', 'only', 'we', 'therefore', 'develop', 'another', 'approach', 'consisting', 'in', 'accurate', 'measurements', 'of', 'the', 'energy', 'levels', 'the', 'granit', 'experiment', 'is', 'devoted', 'to', 'the', 'study', 'of', 'resonant', 'transitions', 'between', 'quantum', 'states', 'induced', 'by', 'an', 'oscillating', 'perturbation', 'according', 'to', 'heisenbergs', 'uncertainty', 'relations', 'the', 'accuracy', 'of', 'measurement', 'of', 'the', 'energy', 'levels', 'is', 'limited', 'by', 'the', 'time', 'available', 'to', 'perform', 'the', 'transitions', 'thus', 'trapping', 'quantum', 'states', 'will', 'be', 'necessary', 'and', 'each', 'source', 'of', 'losses', 'has', 'to', 'be', 'controlled', 'in', 'order', 'to', 'maximize', 'the', 'lifetime', 'of', 'the', 'states', 'we', 'discuss', 'the', 'general', 'principles', 'of', 'transitions', 'between', 'quantum', 'states', 'and', 'consider', 'the', 'main', 'systematical', 'losses', 'of', 'neutrons', 'in', 'a', 'trap']] | [-0.12928250486394774, 0.2048521418882333, -0.050032714461550526, 0.05679094146662838, 0.030301213047581994, -0.07914350530426081, 0.09446818210433353, 0.3259799015925151, -0.21926492921472207, -0.35122155898237883, 0.01707676593182379, -0.3066193626823593, -0.03853703552078813, 0.16753698796773814, -0.02536857924232744, 0.09047942025561446, 0.08737748412874667, 0.03910328868189699, -0.062330494325429406, -0.21630467558821842, 0.31829825730050265, 0.1195026605664306, 0.2986710829443413, 0.08870665456346963, 0.07216229827513229, -0.025662202531573912, 0.021658814397372612, -0.02756250818298487, -0.1394949993756536, 0.13210489845289275, 0.2652311457946182, 0.054015894516128794, 0.260508593816106, -0.461624174646727, -0.20172649157578, 0.09082354361842042, 0.09069528006502006, 0.14896061781264383, 0.0013977949952464295, -0.31432821297514163, 0.0233045168291165, -0.1512776361124539, -0.13610269614074327, -0.09352886924928386, 0.016835600375325405, 0.017294020380837563, -0.2407607257953041, 0.09785004240805156, 0.032907144383412516, 0.02760001628544845, -0.08176459947940638, -0.08033821476888141, 0.013998265630144575, 0.14727341481612052, 0.0038211957993279275, -0.00665070413139789, 0.11727903318297986, -0.12558532235123318, -0.17494892859065983, 0.3721391095130781, -0.06755681959306184, -0.16575207242308415, 0.14360163113331958, -0.14649323747518841, -0.07868768549715616, 0.13497362088584278, 0.17732053347313076, 0.09600895271981008, -0.12267781418352706, 0.02953295863101144, 0.05165219088158752, 0.2018972744851067, 0.05489259838981375, 0.08469849329462517, 0.1935568488623998, 0.1441387275651684, 0.05857952459307056, 0.16529316417330697, -0.1012786066395626, -0.09350802833597137, -0.2967916093383954, -0.1689159091268403, -0.19961210914364416, 0.0445532000830759, -0.009640514569644886, -0.09606280614468843, 0.4157516532705153, 0.1271056599391956, 0.19105458856649596, -0.017076163914705282, 0.3107874271242994, 0.16796516106553275, 0.05086443314890135, 0.030573862859953758, 0.3277490894399481, 0.16364064936052486, 0.034535713055273136, -0.28164138281654105, 0.0405261679839547, -0.0034320710485239757] |
708.2542 | Capital Allocation to Business Units and Sub-Portfolios: the Euler
Principle | Despite the fact that the Euler allocation principle has been adopted by many
financial institutions for their internal capital allocation process, a
comprehensive description of Euler allocation seems still to be missing. We try
to fill this gap by presenting the theoretical background as well as practical
aspects. In particular, we discuss how Euler risk contributions can be
estimated for some important risk measures. We furthermore investigate the
analysis of CDO tranche expected losses by means of Euler's theorem and suggest
an approach to measure the impact of risk factors on non-linear portfolios.
| q-fin.PM stat.AP | despite the fact that the euler allocation principle has been adopted by many financial institutions for their internal capital allocation process a comprehensive description of euler allocation seems still to be missing we try to fill this gap by presenting the theoretical background as well as practical aspects in particular we discuss how euler risk contributions can be estimated for some important risk measures we furthermore investigate the analysis of cdo tranche expected losses by means of eulers theorem and suggest an approach to measure the impact of risk factors on nonlinear portfolios | [['despite', 'the', 'fact', 'that', 'the', 'euler', 'allocation', 'principle', 'has', 'been', 'adopted', 'by', 'many', 'financial', 'institutions', 'for', 'their', 'internal', 'capital', 'allocation', 'process', 'a', 'comprehensive', 'description', 'of', 'euler', 'allocation', 'seems', 'still', 'to', 'be', 'missing', 'we', 'try', 'to', 'fill', 'this', 'gap', 'by', 'presenting', 'the', 'theoretical', 'background', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'practical', 'aspects', 'in', 'particular', 'we', 'discuss', 'how', 'euler', 'risk', 'contributions', 'can', 'be', 'estimated', 'for', 'some', 'important', 'risk', 'measures', 'we', 'furthermore', 'investigate', 'the', 'analysis', 'of', 'cdo', 'tranche', 'expected', 'losses', 'by', 'means', 'of', 'eulers', 'theorem', 'and', 'suggest', 'an', 'approach', 'to', 'measure', 'the', 'impact', 'of', 'risk', 'factors', 'on', 'nonlinear', 'portfolios']] | [-0.08346577247220432, 0.017657298101669286, -0.11420051072303566, 0.17777011605046997, -0.10226288196500591, -0.08114960311501417, 0.09361626487225294, 0.3986538381025355, -0.28619120532887116, -0.2938751594353748, 0.14329323209496717, -0.25575568551267747, -0.15287791744815887, 0.18981923456353847, -0.15681814705772745, 0.06605718697931978, 0.027604105299018245, -0.03621552447958659, 0.022234554865687924, -0.24500777440205698, 0.34186982012964706, 0.10911855206734711, 0.3087281223326441, 0.11104187032868786, 0.07020806486127518, -0.038812922480295824, -0.06325297121719647, 0.03763659822539256, -0.16106212867953706, 0.14416159921067878, 0.33196577402232313, 0.15200908905175584, 0.39712406013922025, -0.42424878766459806, -0.20941379853594366, 0.10551353781834565, 0.11031100547231573, 0.0382715958541119, -0.011202626617535228, -0.24779019664011656, 0.036671155489735825, -0.23203176310065612, -0.13751446615944626, -0.13261785242776636, 0.0013452796453249552, 0.02433631822006196, -0.24065648670238193, 0.04485822544102707, 0.03631118501872024, 0.050422976975158976, -0.06300843552115463, -0.19125075907927128, 0.02269445876190339, 0.1444253803541263, 0.16635945621566217, -0.05546014886211744, 0.12521981661738726, -0.13715594564063815, -0.16661150691409907, 0.3960501878592436, -0.03897876531807005, -0.22384887282806698, 0.11128926415356898, -0.1003228398490577, -0.13188444712870223, 0.0961604389532279, 0.20381065435026602, 0.03222250887875005, -0.18249469718229908, 0.033434387921701156, -0.0376639363421027, 0.12564512796109162, 0.06676544224522928, 0.017281185144618634, 0.1609982626314866, 0.16284404294214821, 0.07136744549635657, 0.14230333418855745, -0.04094371063539618, -0.10898578916526129, -0.27643783619847667, -0.16524551255986475, -0.15216212845858065, 0.09849606422577253, -0.07519186527317424, -0.14346038669307706, 0.3623962613944245, 0.15702725798692754, 0.12611485002261977, 0.07237268850127215, 0.30618957205805725, 0.15842275250632998, 0.009890832446305262, 0.06557783495975278, 0.219985183858205, 0.0566792231508761, 0.08354750681688548, -0.18256054501179406, 0.15833398328733542, 0.021839910837751563] |
708.2543 | Measurements of the Branching Fractions of B0 --> K^*0K+K-, B0 -->
K^*0pi+K-, B0 --> K*0K+pi-, and B0 --> K*0pi+pi- | Branching fraction and asymmetry measurements of charmless $B^0\to
K^{*0}h^+_1h^-_2$ ($h_{1,2}$ = $K$, $\pi$) decays are presented, using a data
sample of 383 million $\Upsilon(4S) \to$ $B\bar{B$} decays collected with the
BaBar detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy $B$-meson factory at SLAC. The
results are: ${\cal B}$($B^0 \to K^{*0}K^+ K^-)$ = (27.5 $\pm$ 1.3 $\pm$ 2.2)
$\times$ 10$^{-6}$, ${\cal B}$($B^0$ $\to$ $K^{*0}\pi^+ K^-$) = (4.6 $\pm$ 1.1
$\pm$ 0.8) $\times$ 10$^{-6}$ and ${\cal B}$($B^0$ $\to$ $K^{*0}\pi^+\pi^-$) =
(54.5 $\pm$ 2.9 $\pm$ 4.3) $\times$ 10$^{-6}$. The first errors quoted are
statistical and the second are systematic. An upper limit is set for ${\cal
B}$($B^0$ $\to$ $K^{*0}K^+ \pi^-$) $<$ 2.2 $\times$ 10$^{-6}$ at 90% confidence
level. We also present measurements of CP-violating asymmetries for the
observed decays.
| hep-ex | branching fraction and asymmetry measurements of charmless b0to k0h_1h_2 h_12 k pi decays are presented using a data sample of 383 million upsilon4s to bbarb decays collected with the babar detector at the pepii asymmetricenergy bmeson factory at slac the results are cal bb0 to k0k k 275 pm 13 pm 22 times 106 cal bb0 to k0pi k 46 pm 11 pm 08 times 106 and cal bb0 to k0pipi 545 pm 29 pm 43 times 106 the first errors quoted are statistical and the second are systematic an upper limit is set for cal bb0 to k0k pi 22 times 106 at 90 confidence level we also present measurements of cpviolating asymmetries for the observed decays | [['branching', 'fraction', 'and', 'asymmetry', 'measurements', 'of', 'charmless', 'b0to', 'k0h_1h_2', 'h_12', 'k', 'pi', 'decays', 'are', 'presented', 'using', 'a', 'data', 'sample', 'of', '383', 'million', 'upsilon4s', 'to', 'bbarb', 'decays', 'collected', 'with', 'the', 'babar', 'detector', 'at', 'the', 'pepii', 'asymmetricenergy', 'bmeson', 'factory', 'at', 'slac', 'the', 'results', 'are', 'cal', 'bb0', 'to', 'k0k', 'k', '275', 'pm', '13', 'pm', '22', 'times', '106', 'cal', 'bb0', 'to', 'k0pi', 'k', '46', 'pm', '11', 'pm', '08', 'times', '106', 'and', 'cal', 'bb0', 'to', 'k0pipi', '545', 'pm', '29', 'pm', '43', 'times', '106', 'the', 'first', 'errors', 'quoted', 'are', 'statistical', 'and', 'the', 'second', 'are', 'systematic', 'an', 'upper', 'limit', 'is', 'set', 'for', 'cal', 'bb0', 'to', 'k0k', 'pi', '22', 'times', '106', 'at', '90', 'confidence', 'level', 'we', 'also', 'present', 'measurements', 'of', 'cpviolating', 'asymmetries', 'for', 'the', 'observed', 'decays']] | [-0.13061063597227535, 0.22046105098091245, -0.005549272948191461, 0.019982816636538468, 0.02553347212413692, -0.10233993168808839, 0.17932797411683565, 0.24771633124950096, -0.06827067739815794, -0.3578811685403443, 0.009961904918090401, -0.5561410821019075, 0.16500537992160544, 0.15169423297604817, 0.06424736065599017, 0.13438385421744523, 0.08376897254592588, -0.019452405639756948, -0.07450046837250264, -0.21948406227633485, -0.014010828545587694, -0.008475818748896321, 0.2043087712298028, 0.02941817292370475, -0.01651001134966938, -0.09902489567663059, -0.010508030350519042, -0.1797366013479793, -0.250940491596603, -0.023929822847692885, 0.2543120952382779, 0.11763029403110935, 0.07949235720926115, -0.26324337835464195, 0.17392369179238176, 0.21324241578053588, 0.1704081154277182, -0.05739854676469874, 0.08305413319737229, -0.4546330416909395, 0.2571829551210006, -0.17236233487104377, -0.014085112241570417, 0.01755573183325971, 0.18634243252782676, -0.22689812639170986, -0.4192228085385301, 0.22358086630557744, -0.1730145180486461, 0.1397607265431812, 0.03376886519627311, -0.3695574118357757, -0.010589899338033592, -0.10030022254372892, -0.006981709050651417, 0.20988777920361967, 0.2418498834873685, 0.02232572691053407, -0.14241328083066285, 0.37658697419250625, -0.11499571150893138, -0.03339115507168393, 0.07727779312712005, -0.3021263951340165, -0.19769834941173467, 0.28780352755481553, 0.27564916315560156, 0.053972776203105845, -0.2494373042216031, 0.09074743381257638, -0.013382436096684163, 0.22685185924936563, 0.120008014039033, 0.09213807032559003, 0.13468854820642334, 0.1385149019332523, -0.022002035051456884, 0.012347974785619503, -0.20000253242846483, 0.03705033689387079, -0.4229397807333969, -0.06177066444045203, 0.022279720084789473, 0.19621518102641672, -0.09942281341668255, 0.0504825181610341, 0.27452861899748826, 0.058914232993116364, 0.3929630112237273, 0.07868333839071102, 0.23056558704274333, 0.084908966142331, -0.027588533542047326, 0.1168619989652314, 0.29531776633225065, 0.22356634297304684, 0.10643424758285634, -0.25396094404973896, -0.05651789053510397, -0.059399819319956325] |
708.2544 | On the Complexity of the Minimum Cost Homomorphism Problem for Reflexive
Multipartite Tournaments | For digraphs $D$ and $H$, a mapping $f: V(D)\dom V(H)$ is a homomorphism of
$D$ to $H$ if $uv\in A(D)$ implies $f(u)f(v)\in A(H).$ For a fixed digraph $H$,
the homomorphism problem is to decide whether an input digraph $D$ admits a
homomorphism to $H$ or not, and is denoted as HOMP($H$). Digraphs are allowed
to have loops, but not allowed to have parallel arcs.
A natural optimization version of the homomorphism problem is defined as
follows. If each vertex $u \in V(D)$ is associated with costs $c_i(u), i \in
V(H)$, then the cost of the homomorphism $f$ is $\sum_{u\in V(D)}c_{f(u)}(u)$.
For each fixed digraph $H$, we have the {\em minimum cost homomorphism problem
for} $H$ and denote it as MinHOMP($H$). The problem is to decide, for an input
graph $D$ with costs $c_i(u),$ $u \in V(D), i\in V(H)$, whether there exists a
homomorphism of $D$ to $H$ and, if one exists, to find one of minimum cost.
In a recent paper, we posed a problem of characterizing polynomial time
solvable and NP-hard cases of the minimum cost homomorphism problem for acyclic
multipartite tournaments with possible loops (w.p.l.). In this paper, we solve
the problem for reflexive multipartite tournaments and demonstrate a
considerate difficulty of the problem for the whole class of multipartite
tournaments w.p.l. using, as an example, acyclic 3-partite tournaments of order
4 w.p.l.\footnote{This paper was submitted to Discrete Mathematics on April 6,
2007}
| cs.DM cs.DS | for digraphs d and h a mapping f vddom vh is a homomorphism of d to h if uvin ad implies fufvin ah for a fixed digraph h the homomorphism problem is to decide whether an input digraph d admits a homomorphism to h or not and is denoted as homph digraphs are allowed to have loops but not allowed to have parallel arcs a natural optimization version of the homomorphism problem is defined as follows if each vertex u in vd is associated with costs c_iu i in vh then the cost of the homomorphism f is sum_uin vdc_fuu for each fixed digraph h we have the em minimum cost homomorphism problem for h and denote it as minhomph the problem is to decide for an input graph d with costs c_iu u in vd iin vh whether there exists a homomorphism of d to h and if one exists to find one of minimum cost in a recent paper we posed a problem of characterizing polynomial time solvable and nphard cases of the minimum cost homomorphism problem for acyclic multipartite tournaments with possible loops wpl in this paper we solve the problem for reflexive multipartite tournaments and demonstrate a considerate difficulty of the problem for the whole class of multipartite tournaments wpl using as an example acyclic 3partite tournaments of order 4 wplfootnotethis paper was submitted to discrete mathematics on april 6 2007 | [['for', 'digraphs', 'd', 'and', 'h', 'a', 'mapping', 'f', 'vddom', 'vh', 'is', 'a', 'homomorphism', 'of', 'd', 'to', 'h', 'if', 'uvin', 'ad', 'implies', 'fufvin', 'ah', 'for', 'a', 'fixed', 'digraph', 'h', 'the', 'homomorphism', 'problem', 'is', 'to', 'decide', 'whether', 'an', 'input', 'digraph', 'd', 'admits', 'a', 'homomorphism', 'to', 'h', 'or', 'not', 'and', 'is', 'denoted', 'as', 'homph', 'digraphs', 'are', 'allowed', 'to', 'have', 'loops', 'but', 'not', 'allowed', 'to', 'have', 'parallel', 'arcs', 'a', 'natural', 'optimization', 'version', 'of', 'the', 'homomorphism', 'problem', 'is', 'defined', 'as', 'follows', 'if', 'each', 'vertex', 'u', 'in', 'vd', 'is', 'associated', 'with', 'costs', 'c_iu', 'i', 'in', 'vh', 'then', 'the', 'cost', 'of', 'the', 'homomorphism', 'f', 'is', 'sum_uin', 'vdc_fuu', 'for', 'each', 'fixed', 'digraph', 'h', 'we', 'have', 'the', 'em', 'minimum', 'cost', 'homomorphism', 'problem', 'for', 'h', 'and', 'denote', 'it', 'as', 'minhomph', 'the', 'problem', 'is', 'to', 'decide', 'for', 'an', 'input', 'graph', 'd', 'with', 'costs', 'c_iu', 'u', 'in', 'vd', 'iin', 'vh', 'whether', 'there', 'exists', 'a', 'homomorphism', 'of', 'd', 'to', 'h', 'and', 'if', 'one', 'exists', 'to', 'find', 'one', 'of', 'minimum', 'cost', 'in', 'a', 'recent', 'paper', 'we', 'posed', 'a', 'problem', 'of', 'characterizing', 'polynomial', 'time', 'solvable', 'and', 'nphard', 'cases', 'of', 'the', 'minimum', 'cost', 'homomorphism', 'problem', 'for', 'acyclic', 'multipartite', 'tournaments', 'with', 'possible', 'loops', 'wpl', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'solve', 'the', 'problem', 'for', 'reflexive', 'multipartite', 'tournaments', 'and', 'demonstrate', 'a', 'considerate', 'difficulty', 'of', 'the', 'problem', 'for', 'the', 'whole', 'class', 'of', 'multipartite', 'tournaments', 'wpl', 'using', 'as', 'an', 'example', 'acyclic', '3partite', 'tournaments', 'of', 'order', '4', 'wplfootnotethis', 'paper', 'was', 'submitted', 'to', 'discrete', 'mathematics', 'on', 'april', '6', '2007']] | [-0.15872943328754247, 0.08697027110832531, -0.004033493476352938, 0.03871523470759554, -0.12305158646777273, -0.23229764866156746, 0.0604880184233796, 0.39959582251638337, -0.35724450027691607, -0.2933625030589452, 0.09585487486683238, -0.3126183827124212, -0.11560356445792738, 0.09585249213319595, -0.1306981852642544, 0.028555709328097492, 0.1309285948427556, 0.10658183248622505, 0.021604903607943055, -0.2815715490219072, 0.30162653350473745, -0.039648869159914876, 0.12764626495874204, 0.12151252497594965, 0.10286104759079931, 0.005580416918762595, 0.006743585717175966, 0.07597952377026282, -0.19296422391198575, 0.013015453920335226, 0.31409631154155765, 0.20987024675123395, 0.30661139686227495, -0.3406107147426709, -0.12464006615185139, 0.2887081403872403, 0.08425181849819163, -0.004856408308462604, 0.031691825459711255, -0.19142640789403864, 0.10511917630210518, -0.14088991371428836, -0.05229569204637538, 0.05615688897061931, 0.18923706179282263, -0.06498756046994063, -0.3572390557995633, -0.005233772698050851, 0.08560920641808163, 0.05260658033080488, 0.020288269879782328, -0.11288595936949486, -0.07669415517062272, 0.07832769006288245, -0.07772145550432312, 0.14580631502499075, 0.017366972762038527, -0.1321163578596695, -0.19815670664665166, 0.4199596585867845, -0.029055263047896164, -0.1677705716068411, 0.1297238826913678, -0.08844104540817764, -0.20048805634977054, 0.10028084748141143, 0.10638532238890944, 0.13949594086886424, -0.08807657842281395, 0.18318904146967133, -0.1520009176036262, 0.09780604631599525, 0.08804400788174699, -0.017809681800882455, 0.07744844669334429, 0.11268057819334386, 0.19735039125004297, 0.19665098675000278, 0.010935773937608641, 0.04368796917058163, -0.30336739975635124, -0.12914937528776532, -0.2044040662145404, 0.08066848233132116, -0.08030654095966146, -0.15576041301449195, 0.37098979053451964, 0.07513154842485877, 0.1750979985358477, 0.09975423991032269, 0.18194118624289884, 0.10372656920074445, 0.014649254722652308, 0.16409144350732474, 0.11000517984123334, 0.16485215535630351, 0.003146489197388291, -0.19000498590909917, 0.062364451384232585, 0.16624387921765446] |
708.2545 | Complexity of the Minimum Cost Homomorphism Problem for Semicomplete
Digraphs with Possible Loops | For digraphs $D$ and $H$, a mapping $f: V(D)\dom V(H)$ is a homomorphism of
$D$ to $H$ if $uv\in A(D)$ implies $f(u)f(v)\in A(H).$ For a fixed digraph $H$,
the homomorphism problem is to decide whether an input digraph $D$ admits a
homomorphism to $H$ or not, and is denoted as HOM($H$).
An optimization version of the homomorphism problem was motivated by a
real-world problem in defence logistics and was introduced in
\cite{gutinDAM154a}. If each vertex $u \in V(D)$ is associated with costs
$c_i(u), i \in V(H)$, then the cost of the homomorphism $f$ is $\sum_{u\in
V(D)}c_{f(u)}(u)$. For each fixed digraph $H$, we have the {\em minimum cost
homomorphism problem for} $H$ and denote it as MinHOM($H$). The problem is to
decide, for an input graph $D$ with costs $c_i(u),$ $u \in V(D), i\in V(H)$,
whether there exists a homomorphism of $D$ to $H$ and, if one exists, to find
one of minimum cost.
Although a complete dichotomy classification of the complexity of MinHOM($H$)
for a digraph $H$ remains an unsolved problem, complete dichotomy
classifications for MinHOM($H$) were proved when $H$ is a semicomplete digraph
\cite{gutinDAM154b}, and a semicomplete multipartite digraph \cite{gutinDAM}.
In these studies, it is assumed that the digraph $H$ is loopless. In this
paper, we present a full dichotomy classification for semicomplete digraphs
with possible loops, which solves a problem in \cite{gutinRMS}.\footnote{This
paper was submitted to SIAM J. Discrete Math. on October 27, 2006}
| cs.DM cs.DS | for digraphs d and h a mapping f vddom vh is a homomorphism of d to h if uvin ad implies fufvin ah for a fixed digraph h the homomorphism problem is to decide whether an input digraph d admits a homomorphism to h or not and is denoted as homh an optimization version of the homomorphism problem was motivated by a realworld problem in defence logistics and was introduced in citegutindam154a if each vertex u in vd is associated with costs c_iu i in vh then the cost of the homomorphism f is sum_uin vdc_fuu for each fixed digraph h we have the em minimum cost homomorphism problem for h and denote it as minhomh the problem is to decide for an input graph d with costs c_iu u in vd iin vh whether there exists a homomorphism of d to h and if one exists to find one of minimum cost although a complete dichotomy classification of the complexity of minhomh for a digraph h remains an unsolved problem complete dichotomy classifications for minhomh were proved when h is a semicomplete digraph citegutindam154b and a semicomplete multipartite digraph citegutindam in these studies it is assumed that the digraph h is loopless in this paper we present a full dichotomy classification for semicomplete digraphs with possible loops which solves a problem in citegutinrmsfootnotethis paper was submitted to siam j discrete math on october 27 2006 | [['for', 'digraphs', 'd', 'and', 'h', 'a', 'mapping', 'f', 'vddom', 'vh', 'is', 'a', 'homomorphism', 'of', 'd', 'to', 'h', 'if', 'uvin', 'ad', 'implies', 'fufvin', 'ah', 'for', 'a', 'fixed', 'digraph', 'h', 'the', 'homomorphism', 'problem', 'is', 'to', 'decide', 'whether', 'an', 'input', 'digraph', 'd', 'admits', 'a', 'homomorphism', 'to', 'h', 'or', 'not', 'and', 'is', 'denoted', 'as', 'homh', 'an', 'optimization', 'version', 'of', 'the', 'homomorphism', 'problem', 'was', 'motivated', 'by', 'a', 'realworld', 'problem', 'in', 'defence', 'logistics', 'and', 'was', 'introduced', 'in', 'citegutindam154a', 'if', 'each', 'vertex', 'u', 'in', 'vd', 'is', 'associated', 'with', 'costs', 'c_iu', 'i', 'in', 'vh', 'then', 'the', 'cost', 'of', 'the', 'homomorphism', 'f', 'is', 'sum_uin', 'vdc_fuu', 'for', 'each', 'fixed', 'digraph', 'h', 'we', 'have', 'the', 'em', 'minimum', 'cost', 'homomorphism', 'problem', 'for', 'h', 'and', 'denote', 'it', 'as', 'minhomh', 'the', 'problem', 'is', 'to', 'decide', 'for', 'an', 'input', 'graph', 'd', 'with', 'costs', 'c_iu', 'u', 'in', 'vd', 'iin', 'vh', 'whether', 'there', 'exists', 'a', 'homomorphism', 'of', 'd', 'to', 'h', 'and', 'if', 'one', 'exists', 'to', 'find', 'one', 'of', 'minimum', 'cost', 'although', 'a', 'complete', 'dichotomy', 'classification', 'of', 'the', 'complexity', 'of', 'minhomh', 'for', 'a', 'digraph', 'h', 'remains', 'an', 'unsolved', 'problem', 'complete', 'dichotomy', 'classifications', 'for', 'minhomh', 'were', 'proved', 'when', 'h', 'is', 'a', 'semicomplete', 'digraph', 'citegutindam154b', 'and', 'a', 'semicomplete', 'multipartite', 'digraph', 'citegutindam', 'in', 'these', 'studies', 'it', 'is', 'assumed', 'that', 'the', 'digraph', 'h', 'is', 'loopless', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'present', 'a', 'full', 'dichotomy', 'classification', 'for', 'semicomplete', 'digraphs', 'with', 'possible', 'loops', 'which', 'solves', 'a', 'problem', 'in', 'citegutinrmsfootnotethis', 'paper', 'was', 'submitted', 'to', 'siam', 'j', 'discrete', 'math', 'on', 'october', '27', '2006']] | [-0.16045176755414223, 0.07671293755816093, -0.012197799907754298, 0.02250397095213766, -0.12441887526732424, -0.2367932612683786, 0.05823078244195684, 0.40502687163610496, -0.3343002553082719, -0.2868314572402438, 0.09501041621437964, -0.31228625478587396, -0.11860567657175758, 0.0916633144841003, -0.15060033241853765, 0.014918247191235422, 0.13411854644990576, 0.09793250065742304, 0.02556728458781119, -0.2628868748177015, 0.27446187873239347, -0.031222521969238703, 0.1348779363968946, 0.11429939500015715, 0.0762751907363291, 0.008704437474143165, -0.01007590048905948, 0.06470640100558976, -0.20329699801706896, 0.010607117894814229, 0.30084213577413366, 0.20931903403859747, 0.3137343062168878, -0.3143169122059708, -0.14799720365908403, 0.27024546484260453, 0.0758547789963853, -0.02089957155580835, 0.02799411697373928, -0.20020373133213623, 0.11838103620684706, -0.123575090325397, -0.04897528637969947, 0.07341431562039677, 0.22866893120352988, -0.07013908434234073, -0.36786098069835294, -0.0023784855572992693, 0.11004605786318121, 0.07892607600306688, 0.021939609689719003, -0.10881638170179465, -0.08926167486680915, 0.05768618793087586, -0.07861388842069099, 0.1705216179156433, -0.0032538392844245487, -0.1297106878632052, -0.18057060796544766, 0.4196361598761185, -0.04409072124804168, -0.15919906692275695, 0.14719285567736495, -0.07170173441383826, -0.20548395234079142, 0.13038417227242305, 0.10014531605411321, 0.124811819622941, -0.10177945874197378, 0.1957587087228287, -0.15521217418591612, 0.10789699187380788, 0.08039157862532074, -0.04870928725754113, 0.07543661476254625, 0.12861191970903588, 0.1887991007498425, 0.17706305372893164, 0.008331552660345787, 0.0705026054833307, -0.2920396436203231, -0.13056060530083335, -0.2091756719113935, 0.09686067878052279, -0.06505905016004007, -0.15422265141210317, 0.36185756281180226, 0.051072458937035305, 0.182305523251568, 0.06446793699768655, 0.17273147856897633, 0.11037427183220407, -0.0028592188283611273, 0.1844348849667965, 0.12454455051085224, 0.18045767451150585, -0.0016318557480269151, -0.19552010685691368, 0.05896560739746074, 0.181087155316187] |
708.2546 | X-Radiography of Cargo Containers | The problem of detecting a nuclear weapon smuggled in an ocean-going cargo
container has not been solved, and the detonation of such a device in a large
city could produce casualties and property damage exceeding those of September
11, 2001 by orders of magnitude. Any means of detecting such threats must be
fast and cheap enough to screen the millions of containers shipped each year,
and must be capable of distinguishing a threatening quantity of fissionable
material from the complex loading of masses of innocent material found in many
containers. Here we show that radiography with energetic X-rays produced by a
10 MeV electron accelerator, taking advantage of the high density and specific
atomic properties of fissionable material, may be a practical solution.
| physics.soc-ph physics.ins-det | the problem of detecting a nuclear weapon smuggled in an oceangoing cargo container has not been solved and the detonation of such a device in a large city could produce casualties and property damage exceeding those of september 11 2001 by orders of magnitude any means of detecting such threats must be fast and cheap enough to screen the millions of containers shipped each year and must be capable of distinguishing a threatening quantity of fissionable material from the complex loading of masses of innocent material found in many containers here we show that radiography with energetic xrays produced by a 10 mev electron accelerator taking advantage of the high density and specific atomic properties of fissionable material may be a practical solution | [['the', 'problem', 'of', 'detecting', 'a', 'nuclear', 'weapon', 'smuggled', 'in', 'an', 'oceangoing', 'cargo', 'container', 'has', 'not', 'been', 'solved', 'and', 'the', 'detonation', 'of', 'such', 'a', 'device', 'in', 'a', 'large', 'city', 'could', 'produce', 'casualties', 'and', 'property', 'damage', 'exceeding', 'those', 'of', 'september', '11', '2001', 'by', 'orders', 'of', 'magnitude', 'any', 'means', 'of', 'detecting', 'such', 'threats', 'must', 'be', 'fast', 'and', 'cheap', 'enough', 'to', 'screen', 'the', 'millions', 'of', 'containers', 'shipped', 'each', 'year', 'and', 'must', 'be', 'capable', 'of', 'distinguishing', 'a', 'threatening', 'quantity', 'of', 'fissionable', 'material', 'from', 'the', 'complex', 'loading', 'of', 'masses', 'of', 'innocent', 'material', 'found', 'in', 'many', 'containers', 'here', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'radiography', 'with', 'energetic', 'xrays', 'produced', 'by', 'a', '10', 'mev', 'electron', 'accelerator', 'taking', 'advantage', 'of', 'the', 'high', 'density', 'and', 'specific', 'atomic', 'properties', 'of', 'fissionable', 'material', 'may', 'be', 'a', 'practical', 'solution']] | [-0.09539062386597164, 0.1799870018407628, -0.05530043369250708, 0.04691991181929642, -0.050063951341024995, -0.13754732658338473, 0.03691395317952408, 0.3470597335091624, -0.2536272500092011, -0.37733697897342383, 0.12468327927597814, -0.3035505644015235, -0.06314285498181144, 0.23385654312375262, -0.07959215318570372, 0.0492230124588384, 0.07551742501110296, 0.0014277571854257925, -0.014471373453995854, -0.2109400592248154, 0.23933218611827975, 0.06647724942227856, 0.22271668383103535, 0.09570062833792362, 0.11177144200373136, -0.03205248191866825, 0.018762776883868654, 0.045992995100859246, -0.035259381083871305, 0.09628708164692383, 0.28011567403989857, 0.14689931758206154, 0.3012754329037471, -0.4836675370203667, -0.21166884786922668, 0.11216752771975198, 0.12209106741289867, 0.08284258160102716, -0.09030232231941868, -0.2625358316772541, 0.08440485849907836, -0.23876779685254956, -0.16491923047244916, -0.04335639102873011, 0.03479554971725848, 0.05560065097114468, -0.23099313192851995, 0.010555015556269982, 0.012414894935571909, 0.06377062174304557, -0.06082795460357285, -0.08194004216796306, 0.0020052259635241305, 0.11371187883291821, 0.03685579192442972, 0.0018673704948551097, 0.2072745611143039, -0.14185337154347388, -0.0600000696999143, 0.4440940940947287, 0.0078098177222809834, -0.09603143840280103, 0.18864179895303335, -0.13208125103799412, -0.08847351269567477, 0.18617250610402494, 0.177597688877436, 0.10498455139335061, -0.193603350434521, 0.003267521043422586, -0.018998743803049514, 0.17319650088482705, 0.11846848128394025, 0.015157519423662395, 0.23888067768306517, 0.19369881179519607, 0.04373538329935877, 0.10087738969061738, -0.1162073224187508, 0.022013327011411062, -0.20869829497666512, -0.2017522845569937, -0.18044812457834478, 0.08782604080827651, -0.0684357458580291, -0.13284784073456662, 0.37771208500336917, 0.12217838309820242, 0.15734061284265558, -0.07041161066898313, 0.29347269673694354, 0.046610253259967094, 0.11974523138048769, 0.07642048289145335, 0.24581086555816478, 0.059196609045668945, 0.10076382025106825, -0.15162583185001047, 0.13611987979746745, -0.00851760804462323] |
708.2547 | HI Cosmology in the Local Universe with ALFALFA | The Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA (ALFALFA) survey is an on-going second
generation blind extragalactic HI survey exploiting Arecibo's superior
sensitivity, angular resolution and digital technology to conduct a census of
the local HI universe over a cosmologically significant volume. As of mid-2007,
~4500 good quality extragalactic HI line sources have been extracted in ~15% of
the final survey area. ALFALFA is detecting HI masses as low as 10**6 Msun and
as high as 10**10.8 Msun with positional accuracies typically better than 20
arcsec, allowing immediate identification of the most probable optical
counterparts. Only 3% of all extragalactic HI sources and fewer than 1% of
detections with M(HI) > 10**9.5 Msun cannot be identified with a stellar
component. First ALFALFA results already suggest, in agreement with previous
studies, that there does not appear to be a cosmologically significant
population of optically dark but HI rich galaxies. ALFALFA promises a wealthy
dataset for the exploration of many issues in near-field cosmology and galaxy
evolution studies, setting the stage for their extension to higher redshifts
with the Square Kilometer Array (SKA).
| astro-ph | the arecibo legacy fast alfa alfalfa survey is an ongoing second generation blind extragalactic hi survey exploiting arecibos superior sensitivity angular resolution and digital technology to conduct a census of the local hi universe over a cosmologically significant volume as of mid2007 4500 good quality extragalactic hi line sources have been extracted in 15 of the final survey area alfalfa is detecting hi masses as low as 106 msun and as high as 10108 msun with positional accuracies typically better than 20 arcsec allowing immediate identification of the most probable optical counterparts only 3 of all extragalactic hi sources and fewer than 1 of detections with mhi 1095 msun cannot be identified with a stellar component first alfalfa results already suggest in agreement with previous studies that there does not appear to be a cosmologically significant population of optically dark but hi rich galaxies alfalfa promises a wealthy dataset for the exploration of many issues in nearfield cosmology and galaxy evolution studies setting the stage for their extension to higher redshifts with the square kilometer array ska | [['the', 'arecibo', 'legacy', 'fast', 'alfa', 'alfalfa', 'survey', 'is', 'an', 'ongoing', 'second', 'generation', 'blind', 'extragalactic', 'hi', 'survey', 'exploiting', 'arecibos', 'superior', 'sensitivity', 'angular', 'resolution', 'and', 'digital', 'technology', 'to', 'conduct', 'a', 'census', 'of', 'the', 'local', 'hi', 'universe', 'over', 'a', 'cosmologically', 'significant', 'volume', 'as', 'of', 'mid2007', '4500', 'good', 'quality', 'extragalactic', 'hi', 'line', 'sources', 'have', 'been', 'extracted', 'in', '15', 'of', 'the', 'final', 'survey', 'area', 'alfalfa', 'is', 'detecting', 'hi', 'masses', 'as', 'low', 'as', '106', 'msun', 'and', 'as', 'high', 'as', '10108', 'msun', 'with', 'positional', 'accuracies', 'typically', 'better', 'than', '20', 'arcsec', 'allowing', 'immediate', 'identification', 'of', 'the', 'most', 'probable', 'optical', 'counterparts', 'only', '3', 'of', 'all', 'extragalactic', 'hi', 'sources', 'and', 'fewer', 'than', '1', 'of', 'detections', 'with', 'mhi', '1095', 'msun', 'can', 'not', 'be', 'identified', 'with', 'a', 'stellar', 'component', 'first', 'alfalfa', 'results', 'already', 'suggest', 'in', 'agreement', 'with', 'previous', 'studies', 'that', 'there', 'does', 'not', 'appear', 'to', 'be', 'a', 'cosmologically', 'significant', 'population', 'of', 'optically', 'dark', 'but', 'hi', 'rich', 'galaxies', 'alfalfa', 'promises', 'a', 'wealthy', 'dataset', 'for', 'the', 'exploration', 'of', 'many', 'issues', 'in', 'nearfield', 'cosmology', 'and', 'galaxy', 'evolution', 'studies', 'setting', 'the', 'stage', 'for', 'their', 'extension', 'to', 'higher', 'redshifts', 'with', 'the', 'square', 'kilometer', 'array', 'ska']] | [-0.056596849523118456, 0.044210057736461424, 0.0017512226791194317, 0.10244516955735686, -0.1394231660655187, -0.0469622537258259, 0.0372038067245249, 0.44212861120010194, -0.08402382650509414, -0.3892728175246549, 0.12524830862903297, -0.3352445146497967, -0.00853573913774924, 0.2330543231637625, -0.003486637835746652, -0.008824643402967309, 0.07613543797090776, -0.1335788858240847, -0.040688104531204514, -0.3251283819515132, 0.18624579785862583, 0.1393953652874556, 0.19206432884381142, -0.041281548076246476, 0.1186596316199101, -0.15020757765519652, -0.14055199635194174, -0.03697205238107048, -0.12077233142873012, 0.049932616039472265, 0.32940460935632665, 0.20025430117736884, 0.26262421201223907, -0.3135178988319403, -0.1871776458574459, 0.1369613857790723, 0.26289264040638094, 0.07338136163268112, -0.09327572106849402, -0.34421231276015596, 0.09330947264169573, -0.22561092605144623, -0.1553228192575527, 0.021996695166349077, 0.0113813480744243, 0.061624164731644636, -0.1730701475936574, 0.1532886985877759, -0.025041077161741473, 0.13005115451772561, -0.06897028075960161, -0.1530263743793665, -0.026154551898349036, 0.07694599533380334, -0.029885885899551632, 0.14320289298860628, 0.19785151730410577, -0.19689536079753903, -0.008525071343213446, 0.4192185088877012, -0.09307191619015785, 0.0116342626349527, 0.2081233330196544, -0.23053431828647558, -0.18893725153979626, 0.18354774582830227, 0.16717673943827996, 0.04737582262814714, -0.17810695901973528, -0.002688024215121607, -0.03641465719491034, 0.28593590515508743, 0.04382549381940468, 0.12563118238622234, 0.325675955426806, 0.13028369464105768, 0.1343277135122897, 0.05056062784128341, -0.2247206975923056, -0.015052757981976264, -0.21061722908085317, -0.09721091806396759, -0.1462491747950664, 0.13228245361023347, -0.12051902868846442, -0.0807301601639614, 0.31341222776727895, 0.12729736101771758, 0.2006414543531228, 0.09624505938773745, 0.37341909439125087, -0.02682125314434446, 0.1472160849979231, 0.05624850836760375, 0.29762815535748693, 0.1382305812433341, 0.11624028094916009, -0.1265231979132193, 0.014876659770870288, -0.05178764161622424] |
708.2548 | Detection of Neutron Sources in Cargo Containers | We investigate the problem of detecting the presence of clandestine neutron
sources, such as would be produced by nuclear weapons containing plutonium,
within cargo containers. Small, simple and economical semiconductor photodiode
detectors affixed to the outsides of containers are capable of producing
statistically robust detections of unshielded sources when their output is
integrated over the durations of ocean voyages. It is possible to shield such
sources with thick layers of neutron-absorbing material, and to minimize the
effects of such absorbers on ambient or artificial external neutron fluxes by
surrounding them with neutron-reflective material.
| physics.soc-ph physics.ins-det | we investigate the problem of detecting the presence of clandestine neutron sources such as would be produced by nuclear weapons containing plutonium within cargo containers small simple and economical semiconductor photodiode detectors affixed to the outsides of containers are capable of producing statistically robust detections of unshielded sources when their output is integrated over the durations of ocean voyages it is possible to shield such sources with thick layers of neutronabsorbing material and to minimize the effects of such absorbers on ambient or artificial external neutron fluxes by surrounding them with neutronreflective material | [['we', 'investigate', 'the', 'problem', 'of', 'detecting', 'the', 'presence', 'of', 'clandestine', 'neutron', 'sources', 'such', 'as', 'would', 'be', 'produced', 'by', 'nuclear', 'weapons', 'containing', 'plutonium', 'within', 'cargo', 'containers', 'small', 'simple', 'and', 'economical', 'semiconductor', 'photodiode', 'detectors', 'affixed', 'to', 'the', 'outsides', 'of', 'containers', 'are', 'capable', 'of', 'producing', 'statistically', 'robust', 'detections', 'of', 'unshielded', 'sources', 'when', 'their', 'output', 'is', 'integrated', 'over', 'the', 'durations', 'of', 'ocean', 'voyages', 'it', 'is', 'possible', 'to', 'shield', 'such', 'sources', 'with', 'thick', 'layers', 'of', 'neutronabsorbing', 'material', 'and', 'to', 'minimize', 'the', 'effects', 'of', 'such', 'absorbers', 'on', 'ambient', 'or', 'artificial', 'external', 'neutron', 'fluxes', 'by', 'surrounding', 'them', 'with', 'neutronreflective', 'material']] | [-0.07720163041869035, 0.20037181072633017, 0.03181469467069421, 0.047528074453021964, -0.05129326087074702, -0.11278308940294025, 0.05928348655208618, 0.4256511335926397, -0.22904046479571652, -0.3856272680255083, 0.08964348899374543, -0.36019418122512953, -0.03525470524954681, 0.21579665941145312, -0.054488350389074985, 0.02300114891809094, 0.020259806476942786, -0.03345588841833747, 0.010150498699698762, -0.18753398277612587, 0.2840545843611216, 0.10007553800152472, 0.22590183236400832, 0.014680752369503561, 0.13424222187169796, -0.03624046987158011, -0.009112976816390733, -0.00496754565552532, -0.0075775447818399455, 0.08513442722563683, 0.30027633690490174, 0.10614184836938895, 0.18921472324611066, -0.5192559794573993, -0.23028750241744322, 0.11350057106260415, 0.06448782582071375, 0.0549380764554531, -0.0689758638618514, -0.29450809124570626, 0.10293882291579803, -0.19557889957610353, -0.140606132438304, -0.025426126126159024, 0.02405879585133804, 0.07711571053113113, -0.21809038715846427, 0.020280981344262976, 0.018056142236653635, 0.039155884891502804, -0.089007057802199, -0.09874035729156745, -0.017455941861863812, 0.1082374081492122, 0.031063937976096686, -0.0060297966036679486, 0.2605705261691013, -0.16279752786875099, -0.032157513860531235, 0.3914829294023278, -0.02964083993152439, -0.11923539575322398, 0.2087660880943576, -0.09295679157047154, -0.026074128332906045, 0.17127890517464378, 0.18409382417455192, 0.11595537900863277, -0.17861212633763168, -0.040412605894923945, 0.001728006116636507, 0.17538181513133408, 0.07333659868595283, 0.07821638966081562, 0.2909583480476023, 0.21514080602747315, 0.04618858212124106, 0.16718764852599374, -0.178456970303739, 0.006478491613441812, -0.2391968536200923, -0.15552142127365856, -0.11809584268645107, 0.08086158766969015, -0.04377577355058587, -0.1848633367265063, 0.30829348158766773, 0.11347608988756662, 0.084894189600843, -0.05928010993974877, 0.3488079826194015, 0.03320836485491472, 0.12239093410240097, 0.05675706857365075, 0.26843455466595323, 0.11142622995200557, 0.043087666474313446, -0.16978393050146054, 0.12273898577460876, -0.051154080051724074] |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.