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708.2649
Quantization of neutron in Earth's gravity
Gravity is the weakest of all four known forces in the universe. Quantum states of an elementary particle due to such a weak field is certainly very shallow and would therefore be an experimental challenge to detect. Recently an experimental attempt was made by V. V. Nesvizhevsky et al., Nature 415, 297 (2002), to measure the quantum states of a neutron, which shows that ground state and few excited states are \sim 10^{-12}eV. We show that the energy of the ground state of a neutron confined above Earth's surface should be \sim 10^{-37}eV. The experimentally observed energy levels are 10^{25} times deeper than the actual energy levels it should be and thus certainly not due to gravitational effect of Earth. Therefore the correct interpretation for the painstaking experimental results of Ref. \cite{nes1} is due to the confinement potential of a one dimensional box of length L \sim 50\mu m, generated from the experimental setup as commented before \cite{hansoon}. Our results thus creates a new challenge to the experimentalist to resolve the shallow energy levels of the neutron in Earth's gravitational field in future.
hep-th quant-ph
gravity is the weakest of all four known forces in the universe quantum states of an elementary particle due to such a weak field is certainly very shallow and would therefore be an experimental challenge to detect recently an experimental attempt was made by v v nesvizhevsky et al nature 415 297 2002 to measure the quantum states of a neutron which shows that ground state and few excited states are sim 1012ev we show that the energy of the ground state of a neutron confined above earths surface should be sim 1037ev the experimentally observed energy levels are 1025 times deeper than the actual energy levels it should be and thus certainly not due to gravitational effect of earth therefore the correct interpretation for the painstaking experimental results of ref citenes1 is due to the confinement potential of a one dimensional box of length l sim 50mu m generated from the experimental setup as commented before citehansoon our results thus creates a new challenge to the experimentalist to resolve the shallow energy levels of the neutron in earths gravitational field in future
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708.265
Optimal L^p-Riemannian Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequalities
Let (M,g) be a compact Riemannian manifold of dimension n \geq 2. In this work we prove the validity of the optimal L^p-Riemannian Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequality for 1 < p \leq 2. Our proof relies strongly on a new distance lemma which. In particular, we extend L^p-Euclidean Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequalities due to Del Pino and Dolbeault and the optimal L^2-Riemannian Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequality due to Broutteland in a unified framework.
math.DG math.AP
let mg be a compact riemannian manifold of dimension n geq 2 in this work we prove the validity of the optimal lpriemannian gagliardonirenberg inequality for 1 p leq 2 our proof relies strongly on a new distance lemma which in particular we extend lpeuclidean gagliardonirenberg inequalities due to del pino and dolbeault and the optimal l2riemannian gagliardonirenberg inequality due to broutteland in a unified framework
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708.2651
Notes on the Jacobi equation
We discuss some properties of Jacobi fields that do not involve assumptions on the curvature endomorphism. We compare indices of different spaces of Jacobi fields and give some applications to Riemannian geometry.
math.DG
we discuss some properties of jacobi fields that do not involve assumptions on the curvature endomorphism we compare indices of different spaces of jacobi fields and give some applications to riemannian geometry
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708.2652
Decoherence in a superconducting flux qubit with a pi-junction
We consider the use of a pi-junction for flux qubits to realize degenerate quantum levels without external magnetic field. On the basis of the Caldeira-Leggett model, we derive an effective spin-Boson model, and study decoherece of this type of qubits. We estimate the dephasing time by using parameters from recent experiments of SIFS junctions, and show that high critical current and large subgap resistance are required for the pi-junction to realize a long coherent time.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.supr-con
we consider the use of a pijunction for flux qubits to realize degenerate quantum levels without external magnetic field on the basis of the caldeiraleggett model we derive an effective spinboson model and study decoherece of this type of qubits we estimate the dephasing time by using parameters from recent experiments of sifs junctions and show that high critical current and large subgap resistance are required for the pijunction to realize a long coherent time
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708.2653
Unusual Resonators: Plasmonics, Metamaterials, and Random Media
Superresolution, extraordinary transmission, total absorption, and localization of electromagnetic waves are currently attracting growing attention. These phenomena are related to different physical objects and are usually studied within the context of different, sometimes rather sophisticated, physical approaches. Remarkably, all these seemingly unrelated phenomena owe their origin to the same underlying physical mechanism - wave interaction with an open resonator. Here we show that it is possible to describe all of these effects in a unified way, mapping each system onto a simple resonator model. Such description provides a thorough understanding of the phenomena, explains all the main features of their complex behaviour, and enables to control the system via the resonator parameters: eigenfrequencies, Q-factors, and coupling coefficients.
physics.optics cond-mat.other physics.plasm-ph
superresolution extraordinary transmission total absorption and localization of electromagnetic waves are currently attracting growing attention these phenomena are related to different physical objects and are usually studied within the context of different sometimes rather sophisticated physical approaches remarkably all these seemingly unrelated phenomena owe their origin to the same underlying physical mechanism wave interaction with an open resonator here we show that it is possible to describe all of these effects in a unified way mapping each system onto a simple resonator model such description provides a thorough understanding of the phenomena explains all the main features of their complex behaviour and enables to control the system via the resonator parameters eigenfrequencies qfactors and coupling coefficients
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708.2654
$^{77}$Se NMR evidence for the Jaccarino-Peter mechanism in the field induced superconductor, $\lambda$(BETS)$_2$FeCl$_4$}
We have performed $^{77}$Se NMR on a single crystal sample of the field induced superconductor $\lambda$-(BETS)$_{2}$FeCl$_{4}$. Our results obtained in the paramagnetic state provide a microscopic insight on the exchange interaction $J$ between the spins \textbf{s} of the BETS $\pi$ conduction electrons and the Fe localized $d$ spins \textbf{S}. The absolute value of the Knight shift \textbf{K} decreases when the polarization of the Fe spins increases. This reflects the ``negative'' spin polarization of the $\pi$ electrons through the exchange interaction $J$. The value of $J$ has been estimated from the temperature and the magnetic field dependence of \textbf{K} and found in good agreement with that deduced from transport measurements (L. Balicas \textit{et al}. Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{87}, 067002 (2001)). This provides a direct microscopic evidence that the field induced superconductivity is due to the compensation effect predicted by Jaccarino and Peter (Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{9}, 290 (1962)). Furthermore, an anomalous broadening of the NMR line has been observed at low temperature, which suggests the existence of charge disproportionation in the metallic state neighboring the superconducting phase.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.supr-con
we have performed 77se nmr on a single crystal sample of the field induced superconductor lambdabets_2fecl_4 our results obtained in the paramagnetic state provide a microscopic insight on the exchange interaction j between the spins textbfs of the bets pi conduction electrons and the fe localized d spins textbfs the absolute value of the knight shift textbfk decreases when the polarization of the fe spins increases this reflects the negative spin polarization of the pi electrons through the exchange interaction j the value of j has been estimated from the temperature and the magnetic field dependence of textbfk and found in good agreement with that deduced from transport measurements l balicas textitet al phys rev lett textbf87 067002 2001 this provides a direct microscopic evidence that the field induced superconductivity is due to the compensation effect predicted by jaccarino and peter phys rev lett textbf9 290 1962 furthermore an anomalous broadening of the nmr line has been observed at low temperature which suggests the existence of charge disproportionation in the metallic state neighboring the superconducting phase
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708.2655
CEDAR: tools for event generator tuning
I describe the work of the CEDAR collaboration in developing tools for tuning and validating Monte Carlo event generator programs. The core CEDAR task is to interface the Durham HepData database of experimental measurements to event generator validation tools such as the UCL JetWeb system - this has necessitated the migration of HepData to a new relational database system and a Java-based interaction model. The "number crunching" part of JetWeb is also being upgraded, from the Fortran HZTool library to the new C++ Rivet system and a generator interfacing layer named RivetGun. Finally, I describe how Rivet is already being used as a central part of a new generator tuning system, and summarise two other CEDAR activities, HepML and HepForge.
hep-ph
i describe the work of the cedar collaboration in developing tools for tuning and validating monte carlo event generator programs the core cedar task is to interface the durham hepdata database of experimental measurements to event generator validation tools such as the ucl jetweb system this has necessitated the migration of hepdata to a new relational database system and a javabased interaction model the number crunching part of jetweb is also being upgraded from the fortran hztool library to the new c rivet system and a generator interfacing layer named rivetgun finally i describe how rivet is already being used as a central part of a new generator tuning system and summarise two other cedar activities hepml and hepforge
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708.2656
Hawking radiation from rotating brane black holes
We review recent work on the Hawking radiation of rotating brane black holes, as may be produced at the LHC. We outline the methodology for calculating the fluxes of particles, energy and angular momentum by spin-0, spin-1/2 and spin-1 quantum fields on the brane. We briefly review some of the key features of the emission, in particular the changes in the spectra as the number of extra dimensions or the angular velocity of the black hole increases. These quantities will be useful for accurate simulations of black hole events at the LHC.
hep-th gr-qc hep-ph
we review recent work on the hawking radiation of rotating brane black holes as may be produced at the lhc we outline the methodology for calculating the fluxes of particles energy and angular momentum by spin0 spin12 and spin1 quantum fields on the brane we briefly review some of the key features of the emission in particular the changes in the spectra as the number of extra dimensions or the angular velocity of the black hole increases these quantities will be useful for accurate simulations of black hole events at the lhc
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708.2657
Mediated Homogenization
Homogenization protocols model the quantum mechanical evolution of a system to a fixed state independently from its initial configuration by repeatedly coupling it with a collection of identical ancillas. Here we analyze these protocols within the formalism of "relaxing" channels providing an easy to check sufficient condition for homogenization. In this context we describe mediated homogenization schemes where a network of connected qudits relaxes to a fixed state by only partially interacting with a bath. We also study configurations which allow us to introduce entanglement among the elements of the network. Finally we analyze the effect of having competitive configurations with two different baths and we prove the convergence to dynamical equilibrium for Heisenberg chains.
quant-ph
homogenization protocols model the quantum mechanical evolution of a system to a fixed state independently from its initial configuration by repeatedly coupling it with a collection of identical ancillas here we analyze these protocols within the formalism of relaxing channels providing an easy to check sufficient condition for homogenization in this context we describe mediated homogenization schemes where a network of connected qudits relaxes to a fixed state by only partially interacting with a bath we also study configurations which allow us to introduce entanglement among the elements of the network finally we analyze the effect of having competitive configurations with two different baths and we prove the convergence to dynamical equilibrium for heisenberg chains
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708.2658
On positive opetopes, positive opetopic cardinals and positive opetopic set
We introduce the notion of a positive opetope and positive opetopic cardinals as certain finite combinatorial structures. The positive opetopic cardinals to positive-to-one polygraphs are like simple graphs to free omega-categories over omega-graphs, c.f. [MZ]. In particular, they allow us to give an explicit combinatorial description of positive-to-one polygraphs. Using this description we show, among other things, that positive-to-one polygraphs form a presheaf category with the exponent category being the category of positive opetopes. We also show that the category of omega-categories is monadic over the category of positive-to-one polygraphs with the `free functor' being an inclusion.
math.GT
we introduce the notion of a positive opetope and positive opetopic cardinals as certain finite combinatorial structures the positive opetopic cardinals to positivetoone polygraphs are like simple graphs to free omegacategories over omegagraphs cf mz in particular they allow us to give an explicit combinatorial description of positivetoone polygraphs using this description we show among other things that positivetoone polygraphs form a presheaf category with the exponent category being the category of positive opetopes we also show that the category of omegacategories is monadic over the category of positivetoone polygraphs with the free functor being an inclusion
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708.2659
On ordered face structures and many-to-one computads
We introduce the notion of an ordered face structure. The ordered face structures to many-to-one computads are like positive face structures to positive-to-one computads. This allow us to give an explicit combinatorial description of many-to-one computads in terms of ordered face structures.
math.CT
we introduce the notion of an ordered face structure the ordered face structures to manytoone computads are like positive face structures to positivetoone computads this allow us to give an explicit combinatorial description of manytoone computads in terms of ordered face structures
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708.266
Tsallis distribution from minimally selected order statistics
We demonstrate that selection of the minimal value of ordered variables leads in a natural way to its distribution being given by the Tsallis distribution, the same as that resulting from Tsallis nonextensive statistics. The possible application of this result to the multiparticle production processes is indicated.
cond-mat.stat-mech hep-ph
we demonstrate that selection of the minimal value of ordered variables leads in a natural way to its distribution being given by the tsallis distribution the same as that resulting from tsallis nonextensive statistics the possible application of this result to the multiparticle production processes is indicated
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708.2661
Improved photometry of SDSS crowded field images: Structure and dark matter content in the dwarf spheroidal galaxy Leo I
We explore how well crowded field point-source photometry can be accomplished with SDSS data: We present a photometric pipeline based on DoPhot, and tuned for analyzing crowded-field images from the SDSS. Using Monte Carlo simulations we show that the completeness of source extraction is above 80% to i < 21 (AB) and a stellar surface density of about 200 sq.amin. Hence, a specialized data pipeline can efficiently be used for e.g. nearby resolved galaxies in SDSS images, where the standard SDSS photometric package Photo, when applied in normal survey mode, gives poor results. We apply our pipeline to an area of about 3.55sq.deg. around the dwarf spheroidal galaxy (dSph) Leo I, and construct a high S/N star-count map of Leo I via an optimized filter in color-magnitude space (g,r,i). Although the radial surface-density profile of the dwarf deviates from the best fit empirical King model towards outer radii, we find no evidence for tidal debris out to a stellar surface-density of 4*10^(-3) of the central value. We determine the total luminosity of Leo I, and model its mass using the spherical and isotropic Jeans equation. Assuming that 'mass follows light' we constrain a lower limit of the total mass of the dSph to be (1.7+/-0.2)*10^7 Msol. Contrary, if the mass in Leo I is dominated by a constant density dark-matter (DM) halo, then the mass within the central 12' is (2+/-0.6)*10^8 Msol. This leads to a mass-to-light ratio of >>6 (Ic_sol), and possibly >75 if the DM halo dominates the mass and extends further out than 12'. In summary, our results show that Leo I is a symmetric, relaxed and bound system; this supports the idea that Leo I is a dark-matter dominated system.
astro-ph
we explore how well crowded field pointsource photometry can be accomplished with sdss data we present a photometric pipeline based on dophot and tuned for analyzing crowdedfield images from the sdss using monte carlo simulations we show that the completeness of source extraction is above 80 to i 21 ab and a stellar surface density of about 200 sqamin hence a specialized data pipeline can efficiently be used for eg nearby resolved galaxies in sdss images where the standard sdss photometric package photo when applied in normal survey mode gives poor results we apply our pipeline to an area of about 355sqdeg around the dwarf spheroidal galaxy dsph leo i and construct a high sn starcount map of leo i via an optimized filter in colormagnitude space gri although the radial surfacedensity profile of the dwarf deviates from the best fit empirical king model towards outer radii we find no evidence for tidal debris out to a stellar surfacedensity of 4103 of the central value we determine the total luminosity of leo i and model its mass using the spherical and isotropic jeans equation assuming that mass follows light we constrain a lower limit of the total mass of the dsph to be 1702107 msol contrary if the mass in leo i is dominated by a constant density darkmatter dm halo then the mass within the central 12 is 206108 msol this leads to a masstolight ratio of 6 ic_sol and possibly 75 if the dm halo dominates the mass and extends further out than 12 in summary our results show that leo i is a symmetric relaxed and bound system this supports the idea that leo i is a darkmatter dominated system
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708.2662
Direct generation of charge carriers in c-Si solar cells due to embedded nanoparticles
It is known that silicon is an indirect band gap material, reducing its efficiency in photovoltaic applications. Using surface plasmons in metallic nanoparticles embedded in a solar cell has recently been proposed as a way to increase the efficiency of thin film silicon solar cells. The dipole mode that dominates the plasmons in small particles produces an electric field having Fourier components with all wave numbers. In this work, we show that such a field creates electron-hole-pairs without phonon assistance, and discuss the importance of this effect compared to radiation from the particle and losses due to heating.
cond-mat.other
it is known that silicon is an indirect band gap material reducing its efficiency in photovoltaic applications using surface plasmons in metallic nanoparticles embedded in a solar cell has recently been proposed as a way to increase the efficiency of thin film silicon solar cells the dipole mode that dominates the plasmons in small particles produces an electric field having fourier components with all wave numbers in this work we show that such a field creates electronholepairs without phonon assistance and discuss the importance of this effect compared to radiation from the particle and losses due to heating
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708.2663
Hexagonal parquet tilings: k-isohedral monotiles with arbitrarily large k
This paper addresses the question of whether a single tile with nearest neighbor matching rules can force a tiling in which the tiles fall into a large number of isohedral classes. A single tile is exhibited that can fill the Euclidean plane only with a tiling that contains k distinct isohedral sets of tiles, where k can be made arbitrarily large. It is shown that the construction cannot work for a simply connected 2D tile with matching rules for adjacent tiles enforced by shape alone. It is also shown that any of the following modifications allows the construction to work: (1) coloring the edges of the tiling and imposing rules on which colors can touch; (2) allowing the tile to be multiply connected; (3) requiring maximum density rather than space-filling; (4) allowing the tile to have a thickness in the third dimension.
cond-mat.other math.GM math.MG
this paper addresses the question of whether a single tile with nearest neighbor matching rules can force a tiling in which the tiles fall into a large number of isohedral classes a single tile is exhibited that can fill the euclidean plane only with a tiling that contains k distinct isohedral sets of tiles where k can be made arbitrarily large it is shown that the construction cannot work for a simply connected 2d tile with matching rules for adjacent tiles enforced by shape alone it is also shown that any of the following modifications allows the construction to work 1 coloring the edges of the tiling and imposing rules on which colors can touch 2 allowing the tile to be multiply connected 3 requiring maximum density rather than spacefilling 4 allowing the tile to have a thickness in the third dimension
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708.2664
Sutherland Models for Complex Reflection Groups
There are known to be integrable Sutherland models associated to every real root system -- or, which is almost equivalent, to every real reflection group. Real reflection groups are special cases of complex reflection groups. In this paper we associate certain integrable Sutherland models to the classical family of complex reflection groups. Internal degrees of freedom are introduced, defining dynamical spin chains, and the freezing limit taken to obtain static chains of Haldane-Shastry type. By considering the relation of these models to the usual BC_N case, we are led to systems with both real and complex reflection groups as symmetries. We demonstrate their integrability by means of new Dunkl operators, associated to wreath products of dihedral groups.
math-ph hep-th math.MP
there are known to be integrable sutherland models associated to every real root system or which is almost equivalent to every real reflection group real reflection groups are special cases of complex reflection groups in this paper we associate certain integrable sutherland models to the classical family of complex reflection groups internal degrees of freedom are introduced defining dynamical spin chains and the freezing limit taken to obtain static chains of haldaneshastry type by considering the relation of these models to the usual bc_n case we are led to systems with both real and complex reflection groups as symmetries we demonstrate their integrability by means of new dunkl operators associated to wreath products of dihedral groups
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708.2665
The LHCb Upgrade
The LHCb detector has been designed to study CP violation and other rare phenomena in B-meson decays up to a luminosity of $\sim 5.10^{32}\rm cm^{-2}s^{-1}$. This paper will describe what is limiting LHCb to exploit the much higher luminosities available at the LHC, and what are the baseline modifications which will remedy these limitations. The aim of SuperLHCb is to increase the yields in hadronic B-decay channels by about a factor twenty compared to LHCb, while for channels with leptons in the final state a factor ten increase in statistics is envisaged.
hep-ex
the lhcb detector has been designed to study cp violation and other rare phenomena in bmeson decays up to a luminosity of sim 51032rm cm2s1 this paper will describe what is limiting lhcb to exploit the much higher luminosities available at the lhc and what are the baseline modifications which will remedy these limitations the aim of superlhcb is to increase the yields in hadronic bdecay channels by about a factor twenty compared to lhcb while for channels with leptons in the final state a factor ten increase in statistics is envisaged
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708.2666
Hyperbolic cusps with convex polyhedral boundary
We prove that a 3-dimensional hyperbolic cusp with convex polyhedral boundary is uniquely determined by the metric induced on its boundary. Furthemore, any hyperbolic metric on the torus with cone singularities of positive curvature can be realized as the induced metric on the boundary of a convex polyhedral cusp. The proof uses the total scalar curvature functional on the space of ``cusps with particles'', which are hyperbolic cone-manifolds with the singular locus a union of half-lines. We prove, in addition, that convex polyhedral cusps with particles are rigid with respect to the induced metric on the boundary and the curvatures of the singular locus. Our main theorem is equivalent to a part of a general statement about isometric immersions of compact surfaces.
math.DG
we prove that a 3dimensional hyperbolic cusp with convex polyhedral boundary is uniquely determined by the metric induced on its boundary furthemore any hyperbolic metric on the torus with cone singularities of positive curvature can be realized as the induced metric on the boundary of a convex polyhedral cusp the proof uses the total scalar curvature functional on the space of cusps with particles which are hyperbolic conemanifolds with the singular locus a union of halflines we prove in addition that convex polyhedral cusps with particles are rigid with respect to the induced metric on the boundary and the curvatures of the singular locus our main theorem is equivalent to a part of a general statement about isometric immersions of compact surfaces
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708.2667
Migration of bosonic particles across a Mott insulator to superfluid phase interface
We consider a boundary between a Mott insulator and a superfluid region of a Bose-Hubbard model at unit filling. Initially both regions are decoupled and cooled to their respective ground states. We show that, after switching on a small tunneling rate between both regions, all particles of the Mott region migrate to the superfluid area. This migration takes place whenever the difference between the chemical potentials of both regions is less than the maximal energy of any eigenmode of the superfluid. We verify our results numerically with DMRG simulations and explain them analytically with a master equation approximation, finding good agreement between both approaches. Finally we carry out a feasibility study for the observation of the effect in coupled arrays of micro-cavities and optical lattices.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.stat-mech quant-ph
we consider a boundary between a mott insulator and a superfluid region of a bosehubbard model at unit filling initially both regions are decoupled and cooled to their respective ground states we show that after switching on a small tunneling rate between both regions all particles of the mott region migrate to the superfluid area this migration takes place whenever the difference between the chemical potentials of both regions is less than the maximal energy of any eigenmode of the superfluid we verify our results numerically with dmrg simulations and explain them analytically with a master equation approximation finding good agreement between both approaches finally we carry out a feasibility study for the observation of the effect in coupled arrays of microcavities and optical lattices
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708.2668
Zone and double zone diagrams in abstract spaces
A zone diagram is a relatively new concept which was first defined and studied by T. Asano, J. Matousek and T. Tokuyama. It can be interpreted as a state of equilibrium between several mutually hostile kingdoms. Formally, it is a fixed point of a certain mapping. These authors considered the Euclidean plane and proved the existence and uniqueness of zone diagrams there. In the present paper we generalize this concept in various ways. We consider general sites in m-spaces (a simple generalization of metric spaces) and prove several existence and (non)uniqueness results in this setting. In contrast to previous works, our (rather simple) proofs are based on purely order theoretic arguments. Many explicit examples are given, and some of them illustrate new phenomena which occur in the general case. We also re-interpret zone diagrams as a stable configuration in a certain combinatorial game, and provide an algorithm for finding this configuration in a particular case.
math.MG cs.CG math.CO
a zone diagram is a relatively new concept which was first defined and studied by t asano j matousek and t tokuyama it can be interpreted as a state of equilibrium between several mutually hostile kingdoms formally it is a fixed point of a certain mapping these authors considered the euclidean plane and proved the existence and uniqueness of zone diagrams there in the present paper we generalize this concept in various ways we consider general sites in mspaces a simple generalization of metric spaces and prove several existence and nonuniqueness results in this setting in contrast to previous works our rather simple proofs are based on purely order theoretic arguments many explicit examples are given and some of them illustrate new phenomena which occur in the general case we also reinterpret zone diagrams as a stable configuration in a certain combinatorial game and provide an algorithm for finding this configuration in a particular case
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708.2669
Schubert calculus on the grassmannian of hermitian lagrangian spaces
The grassmannian of hermitian lagrangian spaces in $\mathbb{C}^n\oplus \mathbb{C}^n$ is a natural compactification of the space of hermitian $n\times n$ matrices. We describe a Schubert-like, Whitney regular stratification on this space which has a Morse theoretic origin. We prove that these strata define closed subanalytic currents \`{a} la R. Hardt, generating the integral homology of this space, we investigate their intersection theoretic properties, and we prove certain odd (in K-theoretic sense) Thom-Porteous type theorems.
math.GT math.AT math.DG
the grassmannian of hermitian lagrangian spaces in mathbbcnoplus mathbbcn is a natural compactification of the space of hermitian ntimes n matrices we describe a schubertlike whitney regular stratification on this space which has a morse theoretic origin we prove that these strata define closed subanalytic currents a la r hardt generating the integral homology of this space we investigate their intersection theoretic properties and we prove certain odd in ktheoretic sense thomporteous type theorems
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708.267
Environment-induced two-mode entanglement in quantum Brownian motion
The time evolution of quantum correlations of entangled two-mode continuous variable states is examined in single-reservoir as well as two-reservoir models, representing noisy correlated or uncorrelated non-Markovian quantum channels. For this purpose the model of quantum Brownian motion is extended. Various separability criteria for Gaussian continuous variable systems are applied. In both types of reservoir models moderate non-Markovian effects prolong the separability time scales. However, in these models the properties of the stationary state may differ. In the two-reservoir model the initial entanglement is completely lost and both modes are finally uncorrelated. In a common reservoir both modes interact indirectly via the coupling to the same bath variables. Below a critical bath temperature entanglement between the two modes is preserved even in the steady state. A separability criterion is derived, which depends on the bath temperature and the response function of the open quantum system. Thus, the extended quantum Brownian motion model of a two-mode continuous variable system in a common reservoir provides an example of environment-induced entanglement.
quant-ph
the time evolution of quantum correlations of entangled twomode continuous variable states is examined in singlereservoir as well as tworeservoir models representing noisy correlated or uncorrelated nonmarkovian quantum channels for this purpose the model of quantum brownian motion is extended various separability criteria for gaussian continuous variable systems are applied in both types of reservoir models moderate nonmarkovian effects prolong the separability time scales however in these models the properties of the stationary state may differ in the tworeservoir model the initial entanglement is completely lost and both modes are finally uncorrelated in a common reservoir both modes interact indirectly via the coupling to the same bath variables below a critical bath temperature entanglement between the two modes is preserved even in the steady state a separability criterion is derived which depends on the bath temperature and the response function of the open quantum system thus the extended quantum brownian motion model of a twomode continuous variable system in a common reservoir provides an example of environmentinduced entanglement
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708.2671
On sequences of finitely generated discrete groups
We consider sequences of finitely generated discrete subgroups Gamma_i=rho_i(Gamma) of a rank 1 Lie group G, where the representations rho_i are not necessarily faithful. We show that, for algebraically convergent sequences (Gamma_i), unless Gamma_i's are (eventually) elementary or contain normal finite subgroups of arbitrarily high order, their algebraic limit is a discrete nonelementary subgroup of G. In the case of divergent sequences (Gamma_i) we show that the limiting action on a real tree T satisfies certain semistability condition, which generalizes the notion of stability introduced by Rips. We then verify that the group Gamma splits as an amalgam or HNN extension of finitely generated groups, so that the edge group has an amenable image in the isometry group of T.
math.GR math.GT
we consider sequences of finitely generated discrete subgroups gamma_irho_igamma of a rank 1 lie group g where the representations rho_i are not necessarily faithful we show that for algebraically convergent sequences gamma_i unless gamma_is are eventually elementary or contain normal finite subgroups of arbitrarily high order their algebraic limit is a discrete nonelementary subgroup of g in the case of divergent sequences gamma_i we show that the limiting action on a real tree t satisfies certain semistability condition which generalizes the notion of stability introduced by rips we then verify that the group gamma splits as an amalgam or hnn extension of finitely generated groups so that the edge group has an amenable image in the isometry group of t
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708.2672
Massive galaxies with very young AGN
Gigahertz Peaked Spectrum (GPS) radio galaxies are generally thought to be the young counterparts of classical extended radio sources and live in massive ellipticals. GPS sources are vital for studying the early evolution of radio-loud AGN, the trigger of their nuclear activity, and the importance of feedback in galaxy evolution. We study the Parkes half-Jansky sample of GPS radio galaxies of which now all host galaxies have been identified and 80% has their redshifts determined (0.122 < z < 1.539). Analysis of the absolute magnitudes of the GPS host galaxies show that at z > 1 they are on average a magnitude fainter than classical 3C radio galaxies. This suggests that the AGN in young radio galaxies have not yet much influenced the overall properties of the host galaxy. However their restframe UV luminosities indicate that there is a low level of excess as compared to passive evolution models.
astro-ph
gigahertz peaked spectrum gps radio galaxies are generally thought to be the young counterparts of classical extended radio sources and live in massive ellipticals gps sources are vital for studying the early evolution of radioloud agn the trigger of their nuclear activity and the importance of feedback in galaxy evolution we study the parkes halfjansky sample of gps radio galaxies of which now all host galaxies have been identified and 80 has their redshifts determined 0122 z 1539 analysis of the absolute magnitudes of the gps host galaxies show that at z 1 they are on average a magnitude fainter than classical 3c radio galaxies this suggests that the agn in young radio galaxies have not yet much influenced the overall properties of the host galaxy however their restframe uv luminosities indicate that there is a low level of excess as compared to passive evolution models
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708.2673
Solitonic and Non-Solitonic Q-Stars
The properties of several types of Q-stars are studied and compared with their flat space analogues, i.e. Q-balls. The analysis is based on calculating the mass, global U(1) charge and binding energy for families of solutions parametrized by the central value of the scalar field. The two most frequently used Q-star models (differing by their potential term) are studied. Although there are general similarities between both Q-star types, there are important differences as well as new features with respect to the non-gravitating systems. We find non-solitonic solutions which do not have a flat space limit, in the weak (scalar) field region as well as in the opposite region of strong central scalar field for which there does not exist Q-ball solutions at all.
gr-qc hep-th
the properties of several types of qstars are studied and compared with their flat space analogues ie qballs the analysis is based on calculating the mass global u1 charge and binding energy for families of solutions parametrized by the central value of the scalar field the two most frequently used qstar models differing by their potential term are studied although there are general similarities between both qstar types there are important differences as well as new features with respect to the nongravitating systems we find nonsolitonic solutions which do not have a flat space limit in the weak scalar field region as well as in the opposite region of strong central scalar field for which there does not exist qball solutions at all
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708.2674
Governing Dynamics from cause and effect: -A novel formulation for causality with applications in Quantum Gravity and Economic Theory
This paper defines an equation for causality. This equation is then combined with the postulates of quantum mechanics and mass-energy equivalence to produce a quantum mechanical telegrapher's equation and to reproduce the Schrodinger and Klein-Gordon equations. The incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and dynamic general equilibrium in economics (with an interpretation of a Nash equilibrium) are obtained when the equation of causality refers to itself, i.e. when the cause is its own effect. As it is shown that the Klein-Gordon equation is obtained by Wick rotating the cause vector with de Broglie angular frequency, this paper postulates an equation for Quantum Gravity, which relates the Navier-Stokes equations to the Einstein Field Equations of General Relativity.
physics.gen-ph
this paper defines an equation for causality this equation is then combined with the postulates of quantum mechanics and massenergy equivalence to produce a quantum mechanical telegraphers equation and to reproduce the schrodinger and kleingordon equations the incompressible navierstokes equations and dynamic general equilibrium in economics with an interpretation of a nash equilibrium are obtained when the equation of causality refers to itself ie when the cause is its own effect as it is shown that the kleingordon equation is obtained by wick rotating the cause vector with de broglie angular frequency this paper postulates an equation for quantum gravity which relates the navierstokes equations to the einstein field equations of general relativity
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708.2675
An explanation why the Theta+ is seen in some experiments and not in others
To understand the whole set of positive and null data on the Theta+(1530) - production, we suggest the hypothesis that multiquark hadrons are mainly generated from many-quark states, which emerge either as short-term hadron fluctuations, or as hadron remnants in hard processes. This approach allows us to describe both non-observation of the Theta+ in current null experiments and peculiar features of its production in positive experiments. Further, we are able to propose new experiments that might be decisive for the problem of the Theta+ existence. Studies of properties and distributions of the Theta+ in such experiments can give important information on the structure of both conventional and multiquark hadrons. It would provide better insight into how QCD works.
hep-ph hep-ex nucl-ex nucl-th
to understand the whole set of positive and null data on the theta1530 production we suggest the hypothesis that multiquark hadrons are mainly generated from manyquark states which emerge either as shortterm hadron fluctuations or as hadron remnants in hard processes this approach allows us to describe both nonobservation of the theta in current null experiments and peculiar features of its production in positive experiments further we are able to propose new experiments that might be decisive for the problem of the theta existence studies of properties and distributions of the theta in such experiments can give important information on the structure of both conventional and multiquark hadrons it would provide better insight into how qcd works
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708.2676
Spectral analysis of high resolution near-infrared spectra of ultra cool dwarfs
We present an analysis of high resolution spectra in the J band of five ultra cool dwarfs from M6 to L0. A new ab initio water vapour line list and existing line lists of FeH and CrH were used for spectra modelling. We find a good fit for the Mn I 12899.76 A line. This feature is one of the few for which we have a reliable oscillator strength. Other atomic features are present but most of the observed features are FeH and water lines. While we are uncertain about the quality of many of the atomic line parameters, the FeH and CrH line lists predict a number of features which are not apparent in our observed spectra. We infer that the main limiting factor in our spectral analysis is the FeH and CrH molecular spectra.
astro-ph
we present an analysis of high resolution spectra in the j band of five ultra cool dwarfs from m6 to l0 a new ab initio water vapour line list and existing line lists of feh and crh were used for spectra modelling we find a good fit for the mn i 1289976 a line this feature is one of the few for which we have a reliable oscillator strength other atomic features are present but most of the observed features are feh and water lines while we are uncertain about the quality of many of the atomic line parameters the feh and crh line lists predict a number of features which are not apparent in our observed spectra we infer that the main limiting factor in our spectral analysis is the feh and crh molecular spectra
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708.2677
Structure of hard-hypersphere fluids in odd dimensions
The structural properties of single component fluids of hard hyperspheres in odd space dimensionalities $d$ are studied with an analytical approximation method that generalizes the Rational Function Approximation earlier introduced in the study of hard-sphere fluids [S. B. Yuste and A. Santos, Phys. Rev. A {\bf 43}, 5418 (1991)]. The theory makes use of the exact form of the radial distribution function to first order in density and extends it to finite density by assuming a rational form for a function defined in Laplace space, the coefficients being determined by simple physical requirements. Fourier transform in terms of reverse Bessel polynomials constitute the mathematical framework of this approximation, from which an analytical expression for the static structure factor is obtained. In its most elementary form, the method recovers the solution of the Percus-Yevick closure to the Ornstein-Zernike equation for hyperspheres at odd dimension. The present formalism allows one to go beyond by yielding solutions with thermodynamic consistency between the virial and compressibility routes to any desired equation of state. Excellent agreement with available computer simulation data at $d=5$ and $d=7$ is obtained. As a byproduct of this study, an exact and explicit polynomial expression for the intersection volume of two identical hyperspheres in arbitrary odd dimensions is given.
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.soft physics.chem-ph
the structural properties of single component fluids of hard hyperspheres in odd space dimensionalities d are studied with an analytical approximation method that generalizes the rational function approximation earlier introduced in the study of hardsphere fluids s b yuste and a santos phys rev a bf 43 5418 1991 the theory makes use of the exact form of the radial distribution function to first order in density and extends it to finite density by assuming a rational form for a function defined in laplace space the coefficients being determined by simple physical requirements fourier transform in terms of reverse bessel polynomials constitute the mathematical framework of this approximation from which an analytical expression for the static structure factor is obtained in its most elementary form the method recovers the solution of the percusyevick closure to the ornsteinzernike equation for hyperspheres at odd dimension the present formalism allows one to go beyond by yielding solutions with thermodynamic consistency between the virial and compressibility routes to any desired equation of state excellent agreement with available computer simulation data at d5 and d7 is obtained as a byproduct of this study an exact and explicit polynomial expression for the intersection volume of two identical hyperspheres in arbitrary odd dimensions is given
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708.2678
Eigen electric moments of magnetic-dipolar modes in quasi-2D ferrite disk particles
A property associated with a vortex structure becomes evident from an analysis of confinement phenomena of magnetic oscillations in a quasi-2D ferrite disk with a dominating role of magnetic-dipolar (non-exchange-interaction) spectra. The vortices are guaranteed by the chiral edge states of magnetic-dipolar modes which result in appearance of eigen electric moments oriented normally to the disk plane. Due to the eigen-electric-moment properties, a ferrite disk placed in a microwave cavity is strongly affected by the cavity RF electric field with a clear evidence for multi-resonance oscillations. For different cavity parameters, one may observe the "resonance absorption" and "resonance repulsion" behaviors.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.mes-hall
a property associated with a vortex structure becomes evident from an analysis of confinement phenomena of magnetic oscillations in a quasi2d ferrite disk with a dominating role of magneticdipolar nonexchangeinteraction spectra the vortices are guaranteed by the chiral edge states of magneticdipolar modes which result in appearance of eigen electric moments oriented normally to the disk plane due to the eigenelectricmoment properties a ferrite disk placed in a microwave cavity is strongly affected by the cavity rf electric field with a clear evidence for multiresonance oscillations for different cavity parameters one may observe the resonance absorption and resonance repulsion behaviors
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708.2679
Flow-deformed conformations of entangled polymers as persistent random walks
Evolving structure and rheology across Kuhn scale interfaces in entangled polymer fluids under flow play a prominent role in processing of manufactured plastics, and have numerous other applications. Quantitative tracking of chain conformation statistics on the Kuhn scale is essential for developing computational models of such phenomena. For this purpose, we formulate here a two-scale/two-mode model of entangled polymer chains under flow. Each chain is partitioned by successive entanglements into strands that are in one of two modes: entangled or dangling. On the strand scale, conformation statistics of ideal (non-interacting) strands follows a differential evolution equation for the second moment of its end-to-end distance. The latter regulates persistent random walks sampling conformation statistics of ideal entangled strands on the Kuhn scale, as follows from a generalized Green-Kubo relation and the Maximum Entropy Principle. We test it numerically for a range of deformation rates at the start-up of simple elongational and shear flows. A self-consistent potential, representing segmental interactions, modifies strand conformation statistics on the Kuhn scale, as it renormalizes the parameters controlling the persistent random walk. The generalized Green-Kubo relation is then inverted to determine how the second moment of the strand end-to-end distance is changed by the self-consistent potential. This allows us to devise a two-scale propagation scheme for the statistical weights of subchains of the entangled chain. The latter is used to calculate local volume fractions for each chemical type of Kuhn segments in entangled chains, thus determining the self-consistent potential.
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.stat-mech
evolving structure and rheology across kuhn scale interfaces in entangled polymer fluids under flow play a prominent role in processing of manufactured plastics and have numerous other applications quantitative tracking of chain conformation statistics on the kuhn scale is essential for developing computational models of such phenomena for this purpose we formulate here a twoscaletwomode model of entangled polymer chains under flow each chain is partitioned by successive entanglements into strands that are in one of two modes entangled or dangling on the strand scale conformation statistics of ideal noninteracting strands follows a differential evolution equation for the second moment of its endtoend distance the latter regulates persistent random walks sampling conformation statistics of ideal entangled strands on the kuhn scale as follows from a generalized greenkubo relation and the maximum entropy principle we test it numerically for a range of deformation rates at the startup of simple elongational and shear flows a selfconsistent potential representing segmental interactions modifies strand conformation statistics on the kuhn scale as it renormalizes the parameters controlling the persistent random walk the generalized greenkubo relation is then inverted to determine how the second moment of the strand endtoend distance is changed by the selfconsistent potential this allows us to devise a twoscale propagation scheme for the statistical weights of subchains of the entangled chain the latter is used to calculate local volume fractions for each chemical type of kuhn segments in entangled chains thus determining the selfconsistent potential
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708.268
Paired composite fermion wavefunctions
We construct a family of BCS paired composite fermion wavefunctions that generalize, but remain in the same topological phase as, the Moore-Read Pfaffian state for the half-filled Landau level. It is shown that for a wide range of experimentally relevant inter-electron interactions the groundstate can be very accurately represented in this form.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we construct a family of bcs paired composite fermion wavefunctions that generalize but remain in the same topological phase as the mooreread pfaffian state for the halffilled landau level it is shown that for a wide range of experimentally relevant interelectron interactions the groundstate can be very accurately represented in this form
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708.2681
Super-light electromagnetic wave with longitudinal and transversal modes
The transformation converting equations invariant under Lorentz into the equations invariant under Galileo is obtained. On this basis: (1) the super-light electromagnetic wave with longitudinal and transversal modes is found out; (2) it is shown the wave velocity coincides with that of de Broglie's wave; (3) the connection between Maxwell's electrodynamics and Shredinger's equation is established; (4) structural elements of space are discovered and "a horizon of visibility" is found. It is shown Bell's inequalities and the principle of the light speed constancy are based on the SRT artifact and "Einstein's local realism" is determined by the wave referred above. Objectivity of results for quantum and classical objects is discussed
physics.gen-ph
the transformation converting equations invariant under lorentz into the equations invariant under galileo is obtained on this basis 1 the superlight electromagnetic wave with longitudinal and transversal modes is found out 2 it is shown the wave velocity coincides with that of de broglies wave 3 the connection between maxwells electrodynamics and shredingers equation is established 4 structural elements of space are discovered and a horizon of visibility is found it is shown bells inequalities and the principle of the light speed constancy are based on the srt artifact and einsteins local realism is determined by the wave referred above objectivity of results for quantum and classical objects is discussed
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708.2682
Gemini GMOS/IFU spectroscopy of NGC 1569 - II: Mapping the roots of the galactic outflow
We present a set of four Gemini-North GMOS/IFU observations of the central disturbed regions of the dwarf irregular starburst galaxy NGC 1569, surrounding the well-known super star clusters A and B. This continues on directly from a companion paper, in which we describe the data reduction and analysis techniques employed and present the analysis of one of the IFU pointings. By decomposing the emission line profiles across the IFU fields, we map out the properties of each individual component identified and identify a number of relationships and correlations that allow us to investigate in detail the state of the ionized ISM. Our observations support and expand on the main findings from the analysis of the first IFU position, where we conclude that a broad (< 400 km/s) component underlying the bright nebular emission lines is produced in a turbulent mixing layer on the surface of cool gas knots, set up by the impact of the fast-flowing cluster winds. We discuss the kinematic, electron density and excitation maps of each region in detail and compare our results to previous studies. Our analysis reveals a very complex environment with many overlapping and superimposed components, including dissolving gas knots, rapidly expanding shocked shells and embedded ionizing sources, but no evidence for organised bulk motions. We conclude that the four IFU positions presented here lie well within the starburst region where energy is injected, and, from the lack of substantial ordered gas flows, within the quasi-hydrostatic zone of the wind interior to the sonic point. The net outflow occurs at radii beyond 100-200 pc, but our data imply that mass-loading of the hot ISM is active even at the roots of the wind.
astro-ph
we present a set of four gemininorth gmosifu observations of the central disturbed regions of the dwarf irregular starburst galaxy ngc 1569 surrounding the wellknown super star clusters a and b this continues on directly from a companion paper in which we describe the data reduction and analysis techniques employed and present the analysis of one of the ifu pointings by decomposing the emission line profiles across the ifu fields we map out the properties of each individual component identified and identify a number of relationships and correlations that allow us to investigate in detail the state of the ionized ism our observations support and expand on the main findings from the analysis of the first ifu position where we conclude that a broad 400 kms component underlying the bright nebular emission lines is produced in a turbulent mixing layer on the surface of cool gas knots set up by the impact of the fastflowing cluster winds we discuss the kinematic electron density and excitation maps of each region in detail and compare our results to previous studies our analysis reveals a very complex environment with many overlapping and superimposed components including dissolving gas knots rapidly expanding shocked shells and embedded ionizing sources but no evidence for organised bulk motions we conclude that the four ifu positions presented here lie well within the starburst region where energy is injected and from the lack of substantial ordered gas flows within the quasihydrostatic zone of the wind interior to the sonic point the net outflow occurs at radii beyond 100200 pc but our data imply that massloading of the hot ism is active even at the roots of the wind
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708.2683
Automorphisms of the three-torus preserving a genus three Heegaard splitting
The mapping class group of a Heegaard splitting is the group of connected components in the set of automorphisms of the ambient manifold that map the Heegaard surface onto itself. For the genus three Heegaard splitting of the 3-torus, we find an eight element generating set for this group. Six of these generators induce generating elements of the mapping class group of the 3-torus and the remaining two are isotopy trivial in the 3-torus.
math.GT
the mapping class group of a heegaard splitting is the group of connected components in the set of automorphisms of the ambient manifold that map the heegaard surface onto itself for the genus three heegaard splitting of the 3torus we find an eight element generating set for this group six of these generators induce generating elements of the mapping class group of the 3torus and the remaining two are isotopy trivial in the 3torus
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708.2684
Gravitational lensing by Elliptical Galaxies, and the Schwarz Function
We discuss gravitational lensing by elliptical galaxies with some particular mass distributions. Using simple techniques from the theory of quadrature domains and the Schwarz function (cf. \cite{Sh}) we show that when the mass density is constant on confocal ellipses, the total number of lensed images of a point source cannot exceed 5 (4 bright images and 1 dim image). Also, using the Dive--Nikliborc converse of the celebrated Newton's theorem concerning the potentials of ellipsoids, we show that ``Einstein rings'' must always be either circles (in the absence of a tidal shear), or ellipses.
math-ph astro-ph math.CV math.MP
we discuss gravitational lensing by elliptical galaxies with some particular mass distributions using simple techniques from the theory of quadrature domains and the schwarz function cf citesh we show that when the mass density is constant on confocal ellipses the total number of lensed images of a point source cannot exceed 5 4 bright images and 1 dim image also using the divenikliborc converse of the celebrated newtons theorem concerning the potentials of ellipsoids we show that einstein rings must always be either circles in the absence of a tidal shear or ellipses
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708.2685
A class of quantum doubles which are ribbon algebras
Andruskiewitsch and Schneider classify a large class of pointed Hopf algebras with abelian coradical. The quantum double of each such Hopf algebra is investigated. The quantum doubles of a family of Hopf algebras from the above classification are ribbon Hopf algebras.
math.RA math.QA
andruskiewitsch and schneider classify a large class of pointed hopf algebras with abelian coradical the quantum double of each such hopf algebra is investigated the quantum doubles of a family of hopf algebras from the above classification are ribbon hopf algebras
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708.2686
The universal evolutionary computer based on super-recursive algorithms of evolvability
This work exposes which mechanisms and procesess in the Nature of evolution compute a function not computable by Turing machine. The computer with intelligence that is not higher than one bacteria population could have, but with efficency to solve the problems that are non-computable by Turing machine is represented. This theoretical construction is called Universal Evolutinary Computer and it is based on the superecursive algorithms of evolvability.
cs.NE
this work exposes which mechanisms and procesess in the nature of evolution compute a function not computable by turing machine the computer with intelligence that is not higher than one bacteria population could have but with efficency to solve the problems that are noncomputable by turing machine is represented this theoretical construction is called universal evolutinary computer and it is based on the superecursive algorithms of evolvability
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708.2687
Light Speed Invariance is a Remarkable Illusion
Though many experiments appear to have confirmed the light speed invariance postulate of special relativity theory, this postulate is actually unverified. This paper resolves this issue by first showing the manner in which an illusion of light speed invariance occurs in two-way light speed measurement in the framework of a semi-classical absolute space theory. It then demonstrates a measurable variation of the one-way speed of light, which directly invalidates the invariance postulate and confirms the existence of the preferred reference frame of the absolute space theory.
physics.gen-ph
though many experiments appear to have confirmed the light speed invariance postulate of special relativity theory this postulate is actually unverified this paper resolves this issue by first showing the manner in which an illusion of light speed invariance occurs in twoway light speed measurement in the framework of a semiclassical absolute space theory it then demonstrates a measurable variation of the oneway speed of light which directly invalidates the invariance postulate and confirms the existence of the preferred reference frame of the absolute space theory
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708.2688
Hydrodynamic crystals: collective dynamics of regular arrays of spherical particles in a parallel-wall channel
Simulations of over $10^3$ hydrodynamically coupled solid spheres are performed to investigate collective motion of linear trains and regular square arrays of particles suspended in a fluid bounded by two parallel walls. Our novel accelerated Stokesian-dynamics algorithm relies on simplifications associated with the Hele--Shaw asymptotic far-field form of the flow scattered by the particles. The simulations reveal propagation of particle-displacement waves, deformation and rearrangements of a particle lattice, propagation of dislocation defects in ordered arrays, and long-lasting coexistence of ordered and disordered regions.
cond-mat.soft
simulations of over 103 hydrodynamically coupled solid spheres are performed to investigate collective motion of linear trains and regular square arrays of particles suspended in a fluid bounded by two parallel walls our novel accelerated stokesiandynamics algorithm relies on simplifications associated with the heleshaw asymptotic farfield form of the flow scattered by the particles the simulations reveal propagation of particledisplacement waves deformation and rearrangements of a particle lattice propagation of dislocation defects in ordered arrays and longlasting coexistence of ordered and disordered regions
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708.2689
Nilsson diagrams for light neutron-rich nuclei with weakly-bound neutrons
Using Woods-Saxon potentials and the eigenphase formalism for one-particle resonances, one-particle bound and resonant levels for neutrons as a function of quadrupole deformation are presented, which are supposed to be useful for the interpretation of spectroscopic properties of some light neutron-rich nuclei with weakly-bound neutrons. Compared with Nilsson diagrams in text books which are constructed using modified oscillator potentials, we point out a systematic change of the shell structure in connection with both weakly-bound and resonant one-particle levels related to small orbital angular momenta $\ell$. Then, it is seen that weakly-bound neutrons in nuclei such as $^{15-19}$C and $^{33-37}$Mg may prefer to being deformed as a result of Jahn-Teller effect, due to the near degeneracy of the 1d$_{5/2}$-2s$_{1/2}$ levels and the 1f$_{7/2}$-2p$_{3/2}$ levels in the spherical potential, respectively. Furthermore, the absence of some one-particle resonant levels compared with the Nilsson diagrams in text books is illustrated.
nucl-th
using woodssaxon potentials and the eigenphase formalism for oneparticle resonances oneparticle bound and resonant levels for neutrons as a function of quadrupole deformation are presented which are supposed to be useful for the interpretation of spectroscopic properties of some light neutronrich nuclei with weaklybound neutrons compared with nilsson diagrams in text books which are constructed using modified oscillator potentials we point out a systematic change of the shell structure in connection with both weaklybound and resonant oneparticle levels related to small orbital angular momenta ell then it is seen that weaklybound neutrons in nuclei such as 1519c and 3337mg may prefer to being deformed as a result of jahnteller effect due to the near degeneracy of the 1d_522s_12 levels and the 1f_722p_32 levels in the spherical potential respectively furthermore the absence of some oneparticle resonant levels compared with the nilsson diagrams in text books is illustrated
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708.269
Effects of Schwarzschild Black Hole Horizon on Isothermal Plasma Wave Dispersion
The 3+1 GRMHD equations for Schwarzschild spacetime in Rindler coordinates with isothermal state of plasma are formulated. We consider the cases of non-rotating and rotating backgrounds with non-magnetized and magnetized plasmas. For these cases, the perturbed form of these equations are linearized and Fourier analyzed by introducing plane wave type solutions. The determinant of these equations in each case leads to two dispersion relations which give value of the wave number $k$. Using the wave number, we obtain information like phase and group velocities etc. which help to discuss the nature of the waves and their characteristics. These provide interesting information about the black hole magnetosphere near the horizon. There are cases of normal and anomalous dispersion. We find a case of normal dispersion of waves when the plasma admits the properties of Veselago medium. Our results agree with those of Mackay et al. according to which rotation of a black hole is required for negative phase velocity propagation.
gr-qc astro-ph
the 31 grmhd equations for schwarzschild spacetime in rindler coordinates with isothermal state of plasma are formulated we consider the cases of nonrotating and rotating backgrounds with nonmagnetized and magnetized plasmas for these cases the perturbed form of these equations are linearized and fourier analyzed by introducing plane wave type solutions the determinant of these equations in each case leads to two dispersion relations which give value of the wave number k using the wave number we obtain information like phase and group velocities etc which help to discuss the nature of the waves and their characteristics these provide interesting information about the black hole magnetosphere near the horizon there are cases of normal and anomalous dispersion we find a case of normal dispersion of waves when the plasma admits the properties of veselago medium our results agree with those of mackay et al according to which rotation of a black hole is required for negative phase velocity propagation
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708.2691
The Heterotic Road to the MSSM with R parity
In a previous paper, referred to as a "Mini-Landscape" search, we explored a "fertile patch" of the heterotic landscape based on a Z6-II orbifold with SO(10) and E6 local GUT structures. In the present paper we extend this analysis. We find many models with the minimal supersymmetric standard model spectra and an exact R parity. In all of these models, the vector-like exotics decouple along D flat directions. We present two "benchmark" models which satisfy many of the constraints of a realistic supersymmetric model, including non-trivial Yukawa matrices for 3 families of quarks and leptons and Majorana neutrino masses for right-handed neutrinos with non-trivial See-Saw masses for the 3 light neutrinos. In an appendix we comment on the important issue of string selection rules and in particular the so-called "gamma-rule".
hep-th hep-ph
in a previous paper referred to as a minilandscape search we explored a fertile patch of the heterotic landscape based on a z6ii orbifold with so10 and e6 local gut structures in the present paper we extend this analysis we find many models with the minimal supersymmetric standard model spectra and an exact r parity in all of these models the vectorlike exotics decouple along d flat directions we present two benchmark models which satisfy many of the constraints of a realistic supersymmetric model including nontrivial yukawa matrices for 3 families of quarks and leptons and majorana neutrino masses for righthanded neutrinos with nontrivial seesaw masses for the 3 light neutrinos in an appendix we comment on the important issue of string selection rules and in particular the socalled gammarule
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708.2692
Search for effects beyond Standard Model in photon scatterings and in nonminimal gauge theories on linear colliders of new generation
The main possibilities of investigation of leptons and bosons production in interaction of polarized photons are considered. The usage of $\gamma\gamma\to f\bar{f}[+\gamma]$ reactions for the luminosity measurement on linear photon collider is analyzed. The achievable precision of the luminosity measuring is considered and calculated. The first-order QED correction to $\gamma\gamma\to l\bar{l}$ scattering is analyzed. All possible polarization states of interacting particles are investigated. For the detection of deviations from SM predictions at linear $\gamma\gamma$ colliders with center of mass energies running to 1 TeV the influence of three possible anomalous couplings on the cross sections of $W^+W^-$ productions has been investigated. The significant discrimination between various anomalous contributions is discovered. The main contribution of high order electroweak effects is considered.
hep-ph
the main possibilities of investigation of leptons and bosons production in interaction of polarized photons are considered the usage of gammagammato fbarfgamma reactions for the luminosity measurement on linear photon collider is analyzed the achievable precision of the luminosity measuring is considered and calculated the firstorder qed correction to gammagammato lbarl scattering is analyzed all possible polarization states of interacting particles are investigated for the detection of deviations from sm predictions at linear gammagamma colliders with center of mass energies running to 1 tev the influence of three possible anomalous couplings on the cross sections of ww productions has been investigated the significant discrimination between various anomalous contributions is discovered the main contribution of high order electroweak effects is considered
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708.2693
On the stability of precessing superfluid neutron stars
We discuss a new superfluid instability occuring in the interior of mature neutron stars with implications for freely precessing neutron stars. This short-wavelength instability is similar to the instability which is responsible for the formation of turbulence in superfluid Helium. Its existence raises serious questions about our understanding of neutron star precession and complicates attempts to constrain neutron star interiors using such observations.
astro-ph
we discuss a new superfluid instability occuring in the interior of mature neutron stars with implications for freely precessing neutron stars this shortwavelength instability is similar to the instability which is responsible for the formation of turbulence in superfluid helium its existence raises serious questions about our understanding of neutron star precession and complicates attempts to constrain neutron star interiors using such observations
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708.2694
Self-sensitive torsional microresonators based on a charge-density wave system
Recently, there have been dramatic advances in the miniaturization of electromechanical devices. Most of the micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS-NEMS) operate in the resonant modes1. The micron-, and, the more, the submicron-sizes devices, are driven usually by electrostatic forces, as piezoelectric and electromagnetic engines are powerless over this size range. Such engines could play the role of external actuators for the NEMS, being, however, macro devices in their own. Apart from actuation, an objective of NEMS is getting the output signal characterizing the oscillations1, so, actuators sensing their own motion are rather topical (see 2 for example). Not long ago, several works appeared demonstrating high sensitivity of the sizes3,4 and form5 of quasi one-dimensional conductors to the deformations of the charge-density wave (CDW). Here we demonstrate electrically driven torsional resonators based on whiskers of the quasi one-dimensional conductor with CDW, TaS3. The driving force for the torsional deformation is peculiar to the CDW systems and reflects the transmission of the CDW deformation to the crystalline lattice. In comparison with the piezoelectrics, the effect of electric field on the crystal deformation is 3-4 orders of magnitude larger. The resonator is found to provide also a torsion-induced electrical feed-back (output signal) from the oscillations. We discuss the CDW systems as promising elements for NEMS-MEMS.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.mtrl-sci
recently there have been dramatic advances in the miniaturization of electromechanical devices most of the micro and nanoelectromechanical systems memsnems operate in the resonant modes1 the micron and the more the submicronsizes devices are driven usually by electrostatic forces as piezoelectric and electromagnetic engines are powerless over this size range such engines could play the role of external actuators for the nems being however macro devices in their own apart from actuation an objective of nems is getting the output signal characterizing the oscillations1 so actuators sensing their own motion are rather topical see 2 for example not long ago several works appeared demonstrating high sensitivity of the sizes34 and form5 of quasi onedimensional conductors to the deformations of the chargedensity wave cdw here we demonstrate electrically driven torsional resonators based on whiskers of the quasi onedimensional conductor with cdw tas3 the driving force for the torsional deformation is peculiar to the cdw systems and reflects the transmission of the cdw deformation to the crystalline lattice in comparison with the piezoelectrics the effect of electric field on the crystal deformation is 34 orders of magnitude larger the resonator is found to provide also a torsioninduced electrical feedback output signal from the oscillations we discuss the cdw systems as promising elements for nemsmems
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708.2695
The Inner Jet of the Radio Galaxy M87
We report new 2 cm VLBA images of the inner radio jet of M87 showing a limb brightened structure and unambiguous evidence for a faint 3 mas long counter-feature which also appears limb brightened. Multi-epoch observations of seven separate jet features show typical speeds of less than a few percent of the speed of light, despite the highly asymmetric jet structure and the implications of the canonical relativistic beaming scenario. The observed morphology is consistent with a two stream spine-sheath velocity gradient across the jet, as might be expected from the recently discovered strong and variable TeV emission as well as from numerical modeling of relativistic jets. Considering the large jet to counter-jet flux density ratio and lack of observed fast motion in the jet, we conclude that either the inner part of the M87 jet is intrinsically asymmetric or that the bulk plasma flow speed is much greater than any propagation of shocks or other pattern motions.
astro-ph
we report new 2 cm vlba images of the inner radio jet of m87 showing a limb brightened structure and unambiguous evidence for a faint 3 mas long counterfeature which also appears limb brightened multiepoch observations of seven separate jet features show typical speeds of less than a few percent of the speed of light despite the highly asymmetric jet structure and the implications of the canonical relativistic beaming scenario the observed morphology is consistent with a two stream spinesheath velocity gradient across the jet as might be expected from the recently discovered strong and variable tev emission as well as from numerical modeling of relativistic jets considering the large jet to counterjet flux density ratio and lack of observed fast motion in the jet we conclude that either the inner part of the m87 jet is intrinsically asymmetric or that the bulk plasma flow speed is much greater than any propagation of shocks or other pattern motions
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708.2696
Do flares in Sagittarius A* reflect the last stage of tidal capture?
In recent years the case for the presence of 3-4 10^6 M_sun black hole in our Galactic Center has gained strength from results of stellar dynamics observations and from the detection of several rapid X-ray and IR flares observed in the Sagittarius A* from 2000 to 2004. Here we explore the idea that such flares are produced when the central black hole tidally captures and disrupts a small body - e.g. a comet or an asteroid.
astro-ph
in recent years the case for the presence of 34 106 m_sun black hole in our galactic center has gained strength from results of stellar dynamics observations and from the detection of several rapid xray and ir flares observed in the sagittarius a from 2000 to 2004 here we explore the idea that such flares are produced when the central black hole tidally captures and disrupts a small body eg a comet or an asteroid
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708.2697
Epsilon Expansion for Multicritical Fixed Points and Exact Renormalisation Group Equations
The Polchinski version of the exact renormalisation group equations is applied to multicritical fixed points, which are present for dimensions between two and four, for scalar theories using both the local potential approximation and its extension, the derivative expansion. The results are compared with the epsilon expansion by showing that the non linear differential equations may be linearised at each multicritical point and the epsilon expansion treated as a perturbative expansion. The results for critical exponents are compared with corresponding epsilon expansion results from standard perturbation theory. The results provide a test for the validity of the local potential approximation and also the derivative expansion. An alternative truncation of the exact RG equation leads to equations which are similar to those found in the derivative expansion but which gives correct results for critical exponents to order $\epsilon$ and also for the field anomalous dimension to order $\epsilon^2$. An exact marginal operator for the full RG equations is also constructed.
hep-th cond-mat.other
the polchinski version of the exact renormalisation group equations is applied to multicritical fixed points which are present for dimensions between two and four for scalar theories using both the local potential approximation and its extension the derivative expansion the results are compared with the epsilon expansion by showing that the non linear differential equations may be linearised at each multicritical point and the epsilon expansion treated as a perturbative expansion the results for critical exponents are compared with corresponding epsilon expansion results from standard perturbation theory the results provide a test for the validity of the local potential approximation and also the derivative expansion an alternative truncation of the exact rg equation leads to equations which are similar to those found in the derivative expansion but which gives correct results for critical exponents to order epsilon and also for the field anomalous dimension to order epsilon2 an exact marginal operator for the full rg equations is also constructed
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708.2698
Fisher information of orthogonal polynomials I
Following the lead of J. Dehesa and his collaborators, we compute the Fisher information of the Meixner-Pollaczek, Meixner, Krawtchouk and Charlier polynomials.
math.CA
following the lead of j dehesa and his collaborators we compute the fisher information of the meixnerpollaczek meixner krawtchouk and charlier polynomials
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708.2699
The mean-square of Dirichlet L-functions
We verify the conjecture of [CFKRS] for the mean square near the critical point of Dirichlet L-functions for a composite modulus q. We also prove a kind of reciprocity formula when the second moment for a prime modulus is twisted by a character evaluated at a different prime.
math.NT
we verify the conjecture of cfkrs for the mean square near the critical point of dirichlet lfunctions for a composite modulus q we also prove a kind of reciprocity formula when the second moment for a prime modulus is twisted by a character evaluated at a different prime
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708.27
On the Enormous Effect of Electric Field on the Crystalline Lattice of the Conductors with Charge-Density Waves
We discuss deformation of quasi 1-dimensional conductors with charge-density wave (CDW) under the electric field deforming the CDW. In case of ``strong'' CDW-lattice interaction the effect can be treated in terms of the converse piezoelectric effect with enormous piezomodulus, $\sim L_c/\lambda$ times larger than that in ionic crystals ($\lambda$ is the CDW wavelength, $L_c$ is the CDW coherence length, mm scale in the sliding state). The CDW-lattice interaction is likely to be defined by the interband charge transfer (rearrangement of the covalent bonds) with lattice deformation, possible in a number of CDW compounds. The resulting effects, observed or expected, are paving a way towards new-principle actuators, including nanosized ones.
cond-mat.str-el
we discuss deformation of quasi 1dimensional conductors with chargedensity wave cdw under the electric field deforming the cdw in case of strong cdwlattice interaction the effect can be treated in terms of the converse piezoelectric effect with enormous piezomodulus sim l_clambda times larger than that in ionic crystals lambda is the cdw wavelength l_c is the cdw coherence length mm scale in the sliding state the cdwlattice interaction is likely to be defined by the interband charge transfer rearrangement of the covalent bonds with lattice deformation possible in a number of cdw compounds the resulting effects observed or expected are paving a way towards newprinciple actuators including nanosized ones
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708.2701
Theory and Phenomenology of Exotic Isosinglet Quarks and Squarks
Extensions of the MSSM often predict the existence of new fermions and their scalar superpartners which are vectorlike with respect to the standard model gauge group but may be chiral under additional gauge factors. In this paper we explore the production and decay of an important example, i.e., a heavy isosinglet charge -1/3 quark and its scalar partner, using the charge assignments of a 27-plet of E6 for illustration. We emphasize that, depending on the symmetries of the low energy theory, such exotic particles may decay by the mixing of the fermion with the d, s, or b quarks; may decay by leptoquark or diquark couplings (which may nevertheless preserve a form of R-parity); or may be stable with respect to renormalizable couplings but decay by higher-dimension operators on cosmological times scales. We discuss the latter two possibilities in detail for various assumptions concerning the relative masses of the exotic fermions, scalars, and the lightest neutralino, and emphasize the necessity of considering the collider signatures in conjunction with the normal MSSM processes. Existing and projected constraints from colliders, indirect experiments, proton decay, and big bang nucleosynthesis are considered.
hep-ph hep-ex
extensions of the mssm often predict the existence of new fermions and their scalar superpartners which are vectorlike with respect to the standard model gauge group but may be chiral under additional gauge factors in this paper we explore the production and decay of an important example ie a heavy isosinglet charge 13 quark and its scalar partner using the charge assignments of a 27plet of e6 for illustration we emphasize that depending on the symmetries of the low energy theory such exotic particles may decay by the mixing of the fermion with the d s or b quarks may decay by leptoquark or diquark couplings which may nevertheless preserve a form of rparity or may be stable with respect to renormalizable couplings but decay by higherdimension operators on cosmological times scales we discuss the latter two possibilities in detail for various assumptions concerning the relative masses of the exotic fermions scalars and the lightest neutralino and emphasize the necessity of considering the collider signatures in conjunction with the normal mssm processes existing and projected constraints from colliders indirect experiments proton decay and big bang nucleosynthesis are considered
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708.2702
The Mass Assembly of Fossil Groups of Galaxies in the Millennium Simulation
The evolution of present-day fossil galaxy groups is studied in the Millennium Simulation. Using the corresponding Millennium gas simulation and semi-analytic galaxy catalogues, we select fossil groups at redshift zero according to the conventional observational criteria, and trace the haloes corresponding to these groups backwards in time, extracting the associated dark matter, gas and galaxy properties. The space density of the fossils from this study is remarkably close to the observed estimates and various possibilities for the remaining discrepancy are discussed. The fraction of X-ray bright systems which are fossils appears to be in reasonable agreement with observation, and the simulations predict that fossil systems will be found in significant numbers (3-4% of the population) even in quite rich clusters. We find that fossils assemble a higher fraction of their mass at high redshift, compared to non-fossil groups, with the ratio of the currently assembled halo mass to final mass, at any epoch, being about 10 to 20% higher for fossils. This supports the paradigm whereby fossils represent undisturbed, early-forming systems in which large galaxies have merged to form a single dominant elliptical.
astro-ph
the evolution of presentday fossil galaxy groups is studied in the millennium simulation using the corresponding millennium gas simulation and semianalytic galaxy catalogues we select fossil groups at redshift zero according to the conventional observational criteria and trace the haloes corresponding to these groups backwards in time extracting the associated dark matter gas and galaxy properties the space density of the fossils from this study is remarkably close to the observed estimates and various possibilities for the remaining discrepancy are discussed the fraction of xray bright systems which are fossils appears to be in reasonable agreement with observation and the simulations predict that fossil systems will be found in significant numbers 34 of the population even in quite rich clusters we find that fossils assemble a higher fraction of their mass at high redshift compared to nonfossil groups with the ratio of the currently assembled halo mass to final mass at any epoch being about 10 to 20 higher for fossils this supports the paradigm whereby fossils represent undisturbed earlyforming systems in which large galaxies have merged to form a single dominant elliptical
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708.2703
The Nature of Nearby Counterparts to Intermediate-Redshift Luminous Compact Blue Galaxies. III. Interferometric Observations of Neutral Atomic and Molecular Gas
We present the results of a VLA and OVRO-MMA follow-up to our single-dish surveys of the neutral atomic and molecular gas in a sample of nearby Luminous Compact Blue Galaxies (LCBGs). These luminous, blue, high surface brightness, starbursting galaxies were selected using criteria similar to that used to define LCBGs at higher redshifts. The surveys were undertaken to study the nature and evolutionary possibilities of LCBGs, using dynamical masses and gas depletion time scales as constraints. Here we present nearly resolved VLA H I maps of four LCBGs, as well as results from the literature for a fifth LCBG. In addition, we present OVRO-MMA maps of CO(J=1-0) in two of these LCBGs. We have used the resolved H I maps to separate the H I emission from target galaxies and their companions to improve the accuracy of our gas and dynamical mass estimates. For this sub-sample of LCBGs, we find that the dynamical masses measured with the single-dish telescope and interferometer are in agreement. However, we find that we have overestimated the mass of H I in two galaxies by a significant amount, possibly as much as 75%, when compared to the single-dish estimates. These two galaxies have companions within a few arc minutes; we find that our single-dish and interferometric measurements of H I masses are in reasonable agreement for galaxies with more distant companions. The H I velocity fields indicate that all five galaxies are clearly rotating yet distorted, likely due to recent interactions. Our measurements of the gas and dynamical masses of LCBGs point towards evolution into low mass galaxies such as dwarf ellipticals, irregulars, and low mass spirals, consistent with studies of LCBGs at higher redshifts.
astro-ph
we present the results of a vla and ovromma followup to our singledish surveys of the neutral atomic and molecular gas in a sample of nearby luminous compact blue galaxies lcbgs these luminous blue high surface brightness starbursting galaxies were selected using criteria similar to that used to define lcbgs at higher redshifts the surveys were undertaken to study the nature and evolutionary possibilities of lcbgs using dynamical masses and gas depletion time scales as constraints here we present nearly resolved vla h i maps of four lcbgs as well as results from the literature for a fifth lcbg in addition we present ovromma maps of coj10 in two of these lcbgs we have used the resolved h i maps to separate the h i emission from target galaxies and their companions to improve the accuracy of our gas and dynamical mass estimates for this subsample of lcbgs we find that the dynamical masses measured with the singledish telescope and interferometer are in agreement however we find that we have overestimated the mass of h i in two galaxies by a significant amount possibly as much as 75 when compared to the singledish estimates these two galaxies have companions within a few arc minutes we find that our singledish and interferometric measurements of h i masses are in reasonable agreement for galaxies with more distant companions the h i velocity fields indicate that all five galaxies are clearly rotating yet distorted likely due to recent interactions our measurements of the gas and dynamical masses of lcbgs point towards evolution into low mass galaxies such as dwarf ellipticals irregulars and low mass spirals consistent with studies of lcbgs at higher redshifts
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708.2704
Edge States and Interferometers in the Pfaffian and anti-Pfaffian States
We compute the tunneling current in a double point contact geometry of a Quantum Hall system at filling fraction $\nu=5/2$, as function of voltage and temeprature, in the weak tunneling regime. We quantitatively compare two possible candidates for the state at $\nu=5/2$: the Moore-Read Pfaffian state, and its particle-hole conjugate, the anti-Pfaffian. We find that both possibilities exhibit the same qualitative behavior, and both have an even-odd effect that reflects their non-Abelian nature, but differ quantitatively in their voltage and temperature dependance.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.str-el
we compute the tunneling current in a double point contact geometry of a quantum hall system at filling fraction nu52 as function of voltage and temeprature in the weak tunneling regime we quantitatively compare two possible candidates for the state at nu52 the mooreread pfaffian state and its particlehole conjugate the antipfaffian we find that both possibilities exhibit the same qualitative behavior and both have an evenodd effect that reflects their nonabelian nature but differ quantitatively in their voltage and temperature dependance
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708.2705
Characterizing algebraic stacks
We extend the notion of algebraic stack to an arbitrary subcanonical site C. If the topology on C is local on the target and satisfies descent for morphisms, we show that algebraic stacks are precisely those which are weakly equivalent to representable presheaves of groupoids whose domain map is a cover. This leads naturally to a definition of algebraic n-stacks. We also compare different sites naturally associated to a stack.
math.AT math.CT
we extend the notion of algebraic stack to an arbitrary subcanonical site c if the topology on c is local on the target and satisfies descent for morphisms we show that algebraic stacks are precisely those which are weakly equivalent to representable presheaves of groupoids whose domain map is a cover this leads naturally to a definition of algebraic nstacks we also compare different sites naturally associated to a stack
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708.2706
Observation of the First Excited State in 23O
The first excited state in neutron-rich 23O was observed in a (2p1n) knock-out reaction from 26Ne on a beryllium target at a beam energy of 86 MeV/A. The state is unbound with respect to neutron emission and was reconstructed from the invariant mass from the 22O fragment and the neutron. It is unbound by 45(2) keV corresponding to an excitation energy of 2.8(1) MeV. The non-observation of further resonances implies a predominantly direct reaction mechanism of the employed three-nucleon-removal reaction which suggests the assignment of the observed resonance to be the 5/2+ hole state.
nucl-ex
the first excited state in neutronrich 23o was observed in a 2p1n knockout reaction from 26ne on a beryllium target at a beam energy of 86 meva the state is unbound with respect to neutron emission and was reconstructed from the invariant mass from the 22o fragment and the neutron it is unbound by 452 kev corresponding to an excitation energy of 281 mev the nonobservation of further resonances implies a predominantly direct reaction mechanism of the employed threenucleonremoval reaction which suggests the assignment of the observed resonance to be the 52 hole state
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708.2707
Learning and innovative elements of strategy adoption rules expand cooperative network topologies
Cooperation plays a key role in the evolution of complex systems. However, the level of cooperation extensively varies with the topology of agent networks in the widely used models of repeated games. Here we show that cooperation remains rather stable by applying the reinforcement learning strategy adoption rule, Q-learning on a variety of random, regular, small-word, scale-free and modular network models in repeated, multi-agent Prisoners Dilemma and Hawk-Dove games. Furthermore, we found that using the above model systems other long-term learning strategy adoption rules also promote cooperation, while introducing a low level of noise (as a model of innovation) to the strategy adoption rules makes the level of cooperation less dependent on the actual network topology. Our results demonstrate that long-term learning and random elements in the strategy adoption rules, when acting together, extend the range of network topologies enabling the development of cooperation at a wider range of costs and temptations. These results suggest that a balanced duo of learning and innovation may help to preserve cooperation during the re-organization of real-world networks, and may play a prominent role in the evolution of self-organizing, complex systems.
q-bio.MN cond-mat.dis-nn nlin.AO physics.bio-ph
cooperation plays a key role in the evolution of complex systems however the level of cooperation extensively varies with the topology of agent networks in the widely used models of repeated games here we show that cooperation remains rather stable by applying the reinforcement learning strategy adoption rule qlearning on a variety of random regular smallword scalefree and modular network models in repeated multiagent prisoners dilemma and hawkdove games furthermore we found that using the above model systems other longterm learning strategy adoption rules also promote cooperation while introducing a low level of noise as a model of innovation to the strategy adoption rules makes the level of cooperation less dependent on the actual network topology our results demonstrate that longterm learning and random elements in the strategy adoption rules when acting together extend the range of network topologies enabling the development of cooperation at a wider range of costs and temptations these results suggest that a balanced duo of learning and innovation may help to preserve cooperation during the reorganization of realworld networks and may play a prominent role in the evolution of selforganizing complex systems
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708.2708
Population of neutron unbound states via two-proton knockout reactions
The two-proton knockout reaction 9Be(26Ne,O2p) was used to explore excited unbound states of 23O and 24O. In 23O a state at an excitation energy of 2.79(13) MeV was observed. There was no conclusive evidence for the population of excited states in 24O.
nucl-ex
the twoproton knockout reaction 9be26neo2p was used to explore excited unbound states of 23o and 24o in 23o a state at an excitation energy of 27913 mev was observed there was no conclusive evidence for the population of excited states in 24o
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708.2709
Bicomponents and the robustness of networks to failure
A common definition of a robust connection between two nodes in a network such as a communication network is that there should be at least two independent paths connecting them, so that the failure of no single node in the network causes them to become disconnected. This definition leads us naturally to consider bicomponents, subnetworks in which every node has a robust connection of this kind to every other. Here we study bicomponents in both real and model networks using a combination of exact analytic techniques and numerical methods. We show that standard network models predict there to be essentially no small bicomponents in most networks, but there may be a giant bicomponent, whose presence coincides with the presence of the ordinary giant component, and we find that real networks seem by and large to follow this pattern, although there are some interesting exceptions. We study the size of the giant bicomponent as nodes in the network fail, using a specially developed computer algorithm based on data trees, and find in some cases that our networks are quite robust to failure, with large bicomponents persisting until almost all vertices have been removed.
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.dis-nn
a common definition of a robust connection between two nodes in a network such as a communication network is that there should be at least two independent paths connecting them so that the failure of no single node in the network causes them to become disconnected this definition leads us naturally to consider bicomponents subnetworks in which every node has a robust connection of this kind to every other here we study bicomponents in both real and model networks using a combination of exact analytic techniques and numerical methods we show that standard network models predict there to be essentially no small bicomponents in most networks but there may be a giant bicomponent whose presence coincides with the presence of the ordinary giant component and we find that real networks seem by and large to follow this pattern although there are some interesting exceptions we study the size of the giant bicomponent as nodes in the network fail using a specially developed computer algorithm based on data trees and find in some cases that our networks are quite robust to failure with large bicomponents persisting until almost all vertices have been removed
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708.271
The quantization of a toric manifold is given by the integer lattice points in the moment polytope
We describe a very nice argument, which we learned from Sue Tolman, that the dimension of the quantization space of a toric manifold, using a Kaehler polarization, is given by the number of integer lattice points in the moment polytope.
math.SG
we describe a very nice argument which we learned from sue tolman that the dimension of the quantization space of a toric manifold using a kaehler polarization is given by the number of integer lattice points in the moment polytope
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708.2711
Low angular momentum accretion in the collapsar: how long can a long GRB be?
The collapsar model is the most promising scenario to explain the huge release of energy associated with long duration gamma-ray-bursts (GRBs). Within this scenario GRBs are believed to be powered by accretion through a rotationally support torus or by fast rotation of a compact object. In both cases then, rotation of the progenitor star is one of the key properties because it must be high enough for the torus to form, the compact object to rotate very fast, or both. Here, we check what rotational properties a progenitor star must have in order to sustain torus accretion over relatively long activity periods as observed in most GRBs. We show that simple, often cited, estimates of the total mass available for torus formation and consequently the duration of a GRB are only upper limits. We revise these estimates by taking into account the long term effect that as the compact object accretes the minimum specific angular momentum needed for torus formation increases. This in turn leads to a smaller fraction of the stellar envelope that can form a torus. We demostrate that this effect can lead to a significant, an order of magnidute, reduction of the total energy and overall duration of a GRB event. This of course can be mitigated by assuming that the progenitor star rotates faster then we assumed. However, our assumed rotation is already high compared to observational and theoretical constraints. We also discuss implications of our result.
astro-ph
the collapsar model is the most promising scenario to explain the huge release of energy associated with long duration gammaraybursts grbs within this scenario grbs are believed to be powered by accretion through a rotationally support torus or by fast rotation of a compact object in both cases then rotation of the progenitor star is one of the key properties because it must be high enough for the torus to form the compact object to rotate very fast or both here we check what rotational properties a progenitor star must have in order to sustain torus accretion over relatively long activity periods as observed in most grbs we show that simple often cited estimates of the total mass available for torus formation and consequently the duration of a grb are only upper limits we revise these estimates by taking into account the long term effect that as the compact object accretes the minimum specific angular momentum needed for torus formation increases this in turn leads to a smaller fraction of the stellar envelope that can form a torus we demostrate that this effect can lead to a significant an order of magnidute reduction of the total energy and overall duration of a grb event this of course can be mitigated by assuming that the progenitor star rotates faster then we assumed however our assumed rotation is already high compared to observational and theoretical constraints we also discuss implications of our result
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708.2712
Maximum Likelihood method for ultrahigh energy cosmic ray cross correlations with astrophysical sources
We extend the Maximum Likelihood method used by HiRes to study cross correlations between a catalog of candidate astrophysical sources and Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs), to allow for differing source luminosities. Our approach permits individual sources to be ranked according to their likelihood of having emitted the correlated UHECRs. We test both old and new method by simulations for various scenarios. We conclude that there are 9 true correlation between HiRes UHECRs and known BLLacs, with a 6*10^-5 probability of such a correlation arising by chance.
astro-ph
we extend the maximum likelihood method used by hires to study cross correlations between a catalog of candidate astrophysical sources and ultrahigh energy cosmic rays uhecrs to allow for differing source luminosities our approach permits individual sources to be ranked according to their likelihood of having emitted the correlated uhecrs we test both old and new method by simulations for various scenarios we conclude that there are 9 true correlation between hires uhecrs and known bllacs with a 6105 probability of such a correlation arising by chance
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708.2713
Comment on "Radiative effect on natural convection flows in porous media, A.A. Mohammadein, M. A. Mansour, Sahar M. Abd El Gaied and Rama Subba Reddy Gorla [Transport in Porous Media 32:263-283, 1998]"
In the above paper the authors treat the natural convection boundary layer flow in a Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer porous medium. In the energy equation the radiation effect has been taken into account. A two-parameter perturbation method is used for the solution of the equations. The first order results are presented in tables and figures. This is an interesting work but there are some weak points which are presented below:
physics.flu-dyn
in the above paper the authors treat the natural convection boundary layer flow in a darcybrinkmanforchheimer porous medium in the energy equation the radiation effect has been taken into account a twoparameter perturbation method is used for the solution of the equations the first order results are presented in tables and figures this is an interesting work but there are some weak points which are presented below
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708.2714
Large scale magnetic field of the Milky Way from WMAP3 data
We report on initial results from a project to constrain the large-scale and turbulent magnetic fields of the Milky Way galaxy, which eventually will incorporate all of the relevant observational data. In this paper we fit popular large scale magnetic field models to WMAP3 polarization maps. We find that the polarization data can constrain certain model parameters but does not uniquely determine the best-fit parameters. We also find that the polarization data alone cannot distinguish between model symmetries, e.g., the existence of field reversals. We show how future UHECR data can break this degeneracy.
astro-ph
we report on initial results from a project to constrain the largescale and turbulent magnetic fields of the milky way galaxy which eventually will incorporate all of the relevant observational data in this paper we fit popular large scale magnetic field models to wmap3 polarization maps we find that the polarization data can constrain certain model parameters but does not uniquely determine the bestfit parameters we also find that the polarization data alone cannot distinguish between model symmetries eg the existence of field reversals we show how future uhecr data can break this degeneracy
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708.2715
Dissociative recombination of H3+ in the ground and excited vibrational states
The article presents calculated dissociative recombination (DR) rate coefficients for H+3 . The previous theoretical work on H+3 was performed using the adiabatic hyperspherical approximation to calculate the target ion vibrational states and it considered just a limited number of ionic rotational states. In this study, we use accurate vibrational wave functions and a larger number of possible rotational states of the H3+ ground vibrational level. The DR rate coefficient obtained is found to agree better with the experimental data from storage-ring experiments than the previous theoretical calculation. We present evidence that excited rotational states could be playing an important role in those experiments for collision energies above 10 meV. The DR rate coefficients calculated separately for ortho- and para-H3+ are predicted to differ significantly at low energy, a result consistent with a recent experiment. We also present DR rate coefficients for vibrationally-excited initial states of H3+, which are found to be somewhat larger than the rate coefficient for the ground vibrational level.
physics.atom-ph
the article presents calculated dissociative recombination dr rate coefficients for h3 the previous theoretical work on h3 was performed using the adiabatic hyperspherical approximation to calculate the target ion vibrational states and it considered just a limited number of ionic rotational states in this study we use accurate vibrational wave functions and a larger number of possible rotational states of the h3 ground vibrational level the dr rate coefficient obtained is found to agree better with the experimental data from storagering experiments than the previous theoretical calculation we present evidence that excited rotational states could be playing an important role in those experiments for collision energies above 10 mev the dr rate coefficients calculated separately for ortho and parah3 are predicted to differ significantly at low energy a result consistent with a recent experiment we also present dr rate coefficients for vibrationallyexcited initial states of h3 which are found to be somewhat larger than the rate coefficient for the ground vibrational level
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708.2716
The performance of an idealized large-area array of moderate-sized IACTs
We present simulations of a large array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs), for which the size of the array footprint is much larger than the size of the Cherenkov lightpool. To evaluate limitations of the imaging atmospheric Cherenkov technique, the array is simulated under the assumption of ideal optics, having infinite resolution of the photon arrival direction, which makes our conclusions independent of any particular telescope implementation. The primary characteristics of the array performance, gamma-ray trigger efficiency, photon energy at the peak of the detection rate, and angular resolution are calculated as a function of the parameters of the array: telescope spacing, telescope aperture, and camera pixelation. We discuss implication of the results for the design of the next generation ground-based gamma-ray observatory.
astro-ph
we present simulations of a large array of imaging atmospheric cherenkov telescopes iacts for which the size of the array footprint is much larger than the size of the cherenkov lightpool to evaluate limitations of the imaging atmospheric cherenkov technique the array is simulated under the assumption of ideal optics having infinite resolution of the photon arrival direction which makes our conclusions independent of any particular telescope implementation the primary characteristics of the array performance gammaray trigger efficiency photon energy at the peak of the detection rate and angular resolution are calculated as a function of the parameters of the array telescope spacing telescope aperture and camera pixelation we discuss implication of the results for the design of the next generation groundbased gammaray observatory
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708.2717
Aggregation Languages for Moving Object and Places of Interest Data
We address aggregate queries over GIS data and moving object data, where non-spatial data are stored in a data warehouse. We propose a formal data model and query language to express complex aggregate queries. Next, we study the compression of trajectory data, produced by moving objects, using the notions of stops and moves. We show that stops and moves are expressible in our query language and we consider a fragment of this language, consisting of regular expressions to talk about temporally ordered sequences of stops and moves. This fragment can be used to efficiently express data mining and pattern matching tasks over trajectory data.
cs.DB
we address aggregate queries over gis data and moving object data where nonspatial data are stored in a data warehouse we propose a formal data model and query language to express complex aggregate queries next we study the compression of trajectory data produced by moving objects using the notions of stops and moves we show that stops and moves are expressible in our query language and we consider a fragment of this language consisting of regular expressions to talk about temporally ordered sequences of stops and moves this fragment can be used to efficiently express data mining and pattern matching tasks over trajectory data
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708.2718
CPD-20 1123 (Albus 1) is a bright He-B Subdwarf
Based on photometric and astrometric data it has been proposed that Albus 1 (also known as CPD-20 1123) might be a hot white dwarf similar to G191-B2B or, alternatively, a hot subdwarf. We obtained a series of optical spectra showing that CPD-20 1123 is a bright He-B subdwarf. We analyzed the HI Balmer and HeI line spectra and measured T_eff = 19800+/-400 K, log g = 4.55+/-0.10, and log N(He)/N(H) = 0.15+/-0.15. This peculiar object belongs to a family of evolved helium-rich stars that may be the products of double-degenerate mergers, or, alternatively, the products of post horizontal- or giant-branch evolution.
astro-ph
based on photometric and astrometric data it has been proposed that albus 1 also known as cpd20 1123 might be a hot white dwarf similar to g191b2b or alternatively a hot subdwarf we obtained a series of optical spectra showing that cpd20 1123 is a bright heb subdwarf we analyzed the hi balmer and hei line spectra and measured t_eff 19800400 k log g 455010 and log nhenh 015015 this peculiar object belongs to a family of evolved heliumrich stars that may be the products of doubledegenerate mergers or alternatively the products of post horizontal or giantbranch evolution
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708.2719
The Stellar Populations of Praesepe and Coma Berenices
We present the results of a stellar membership survey of the nearby open clusters Praesepe and Coma Berenices. We have combined archival survey data from the SDSS, 2MASS, USNOB1.0, and UCAC-2.0 surveys to compile proper motions and photometry for ~5 million sources over 300 deg^2. Of these sources, 1010 stars in Praesepe and 98 stars in Coma Ber are identified as candidate members with probability >80%; 442 and 61 are identified as high-probability candidates for the first time. We estimate that this survey is >90% complete across a wide range of spectral types (F0 to M5 in Praesepe, F5 to M6 in Coma Ber). We have also investigated the stellar mass dependence of each cluster's mass and radius in order to quantify the role of mass segregation and tidal stripping in shaping the present-day mass function and spatial distribution of stars. Praesepe shows clear evidence of mass segregation across the full stellar mass range; Coma Ber does not show any clear trend, but low number statistics would mask a trend of the same magnitude as in Praesepe. The mass function for Praesepe (t~600 Myr; M~500 Msun) follows a power law consistent with that of the field present-day mass function, suggesting that any mass-dependent tidal stripping could have removed only the lowest-mass members (<0.15 Msun). Coma Ber, which is younger but much less massive (t~400 Myr; M~100 Msun), follows a significantly shallower power law. This suggests that some tidal stripping has occurred, but the low-mass stellar population has not been strongly depleted down to the survey completeness limit (~0.12 Msun).
astro-ph
we present the results of a stellar membership survey of the nearby open clusters praesepe and coma berenices we have combined archival survey data from the sdss 2mass usnob10 and ucac20 surveys to compile proper motions and photometry for 5 million sources over 300 deg2 of these sources 1010 stars in praesepe and 98 stars in coma ber are identified as candidate members with probability 80 442 and 61 are identified as highprobability candidates for the first time we estimate that this survey is 90 complete across a wide range of spectral types f0 to m5 in praesepe f5 to m6 in coma ber we have also investigated the stellar mass dependence of each clusters mass and radius in order to quantify the role of mass segregation and tidal stripping in shaping the presentday mass function and spatial distribution of stars praesepe shows clear evidence of mass segregation across the full stellar mass range coma ber does not show any clear trend but low number statistics would mask a trend of the same magnitude as in praesepe the mass function for praesepe t600 myr m500 msun follows a power law consistent with that of the field presentday mass function suggesting that any massdependent tidal stripping could have removed only the lowestmass members 015 msun coma ber which is younger but much less massive t400 myr m100 msun follows a significantly shallower power law this suggests that some tidal stripping has occurred but the lowmass stellar population has not been strongly depleted down to the survey completeness limit 012 msun
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708.272
Simulating binary neutron stars: dynamics and gravitational waves
We model two mergers of orbiting binary neutron stars, the first forming a black hole and the second a differentially rotating neutron star. We extract gravitational waveforms in the wave zone. Comparisons to a post-Newtonian analysis allow us to compute the orbital kinematics, including trajectories and orbital eccentricities. We verify our code by evolving single stars and extracting radial perturbative modes, which compare very well to results from perturbation theory. The Einstein equations are solved in a first order reduction of the generalized harmonic formulation, and the fluid equations are solved using a modified convex essentially non-oscillatory method. All calculations are done in three spatial dimensions without symmetry assumptions. We use the \had computational infrastructure for distributed adaptive mesh refinement.
gr-qc astro-ph
we model two mergers of orbiting binary neutron stars the first forming a black hole and the second a differentially rotating neutron star we extract gravitational waveforms in the wave zone comparisons to a postnewtonian analysis allow us to compute the orbital kinematics including trajectories and orbital eccentricities we verify our code by evolving single stars and extracting radial perturbative modes which compare very well to results from perturbation theory the einstein equations are solved in a first order reduction of the generalized harmonic formulation and the fluid equations are solved using a modified convex essentially nonoscillatory method all calculations are done in three spatial dimensions without symmetry assumptions we use the had computational infrastructure for distributed adaptive mesh refinement
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708.2721
Directed random growth models on the plane
This is a brief survey of laws of large numbers, fluctuation results and large deviation principles for asymmetric interacting particle systems that represent moving interfaces on the plane. We discuss the exclusion process, the Hammersley process and the related last-passage growth models.
math.PR
this is a brief survey of laws of large numbers fluctuation results and large deviation principles for asymmetric interacting particle systems that represent moving interfaces on the plane we discuss the exclusion process the hammersley process and the related lastpassage growth models
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708.2722
Kappa-symmetric SL(2,R) covariant D-brane actions
A superspace formulation of IIB supergravity which includes the field strengths of the duals of the usual physical one, three and five-form field strengths as well as the eleven-form field strength is given. The superembedding formalism is used to construct kappa-symmetric SL(2,R) covariant D-brane actions in an arbitrary supergravity background.
hep-th
a superspace formulation of iib supergravity which includes the field strengths of the duals of the usual physical one three and fiveform field strengths as well as the elevenform field strength is given the superembedding formalism is used to construct kappasymmetric sl2r covariant dbrane actions in an arbitrary supergravity background
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708.2723
Characterizing Temporal Distinguishability of an N-Photon State by Generalized Photon Bunching Effect with Multi-Photon Interference
The complementary principle of quantum mechanics relates qualitatively the visibility of quantum interference with path indistinguishability. Here we propose a scheme of constructive quantum interference involving superposition between an $N$-photon state and a single-photon state to characterize quantitatively the degree of temporal distinguishability of the $N$-photon state. This scheme is based on a generalized photon bunching effect. Such a scheme can be extended to other more general cases.
quant-ph
the complementary principle of quantum mechanics relates qualitatively the visibility of quantum interference with path indistinguishability here we propose a scheme of constructive quantum interference involving superposition between an nphoton state and a singlephoton state to characterize quantitatively the degree of temporal distinguishability of the nphoton state this scheme is based on a generalized photon bunching effect such a scheme can be extended to other more general cases
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708.2724
Physical approaches to DNA sequencing and detection
With the continued improvement of sequencing technologies, the prospect of genome-based medicine is now at the forefront of scientific research. To realize this potential, however, we need a revolutionary sequencing method for the cost-effective and rapid interrogation of individual genomes. This capability is likely to be provided by a physical approach to probing DNA at the single nucleotide level. This is in sharp contrast to current techniques and instruments which probe, through chemical elongation, electrophoresis, and optical detection, length differences and terminating bases of strands of DNA. In this Colloquium we review several physical approaches to DNA detection that have the potential to deliver fast and low-cost sequencing. Center-fold to these approaches is the concept of nanochannels or nanopores which allow for the spatial confinement of DNA molecules. In addition to their possible impact in medicine and biology, the methods offer ideal test beds to study open scientific issues and challenges in the relatively unexplored area at the interface between solids, liquids, and biomolecules at the nanometer length scale. We emphasize the physics behind these methods and ideas, critically describe their advantages and drawbacks, and discuss future research opportunities in this field.
physics.bio-ph cond-mat.soft q-bio.BM
with the continued improvement of sequencing technologies the prospect of genomebased medicine is now at the forefront of scientific research to realize this potential however we need a revolutionary sequencing method for the costeffective and rapid interrogation of individual genomes this capability is likely to be provided by a physical approach to probing dna at the single nucleotide level this is in sharp contrast to current techniques and instruments which probe through chemical elongation electrophoresis and optical detection length differences and terminating bases of strands of dna in this colloquium we review several physical approaches to dna detection that have the potential to deliver fast and lowcost sequencing centerfold to these approaches is the concept of nanochannels or nanopores which allow for the spatial confinement of dna molecules in addition to their possible impact in medicine and biology the methods offer ideal test beds to study open scientific issues and challenges in the relatively unexplored area at the interface between solids liquids and biomolecules at the nanometer length scale we emphasize the physics behind these methods and ideas critically describe their advantages and drawbacks and discuss future research opportunities in this field
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708.2725
Hochschild cohomology and Atiyah classes
In this paper we prove that on a smooth algebraic variety the HKR-morphism twisted by the square root of the Todd genus gives an isomorphism between the sheaf of poly-vector fields and the sheaf of poly-differential operators, both considered as derived Gerstenhaber algebras. In particular we obtain an isomorphism between Hochschild cohomology and the cohomology of poly-vector fields which is compatible with the Lie bracket and the cupproduct. The latter compatibility is an unpublished result by Kontsevich. Our proof is set in the framework of Lie algebroids and so applies without modification in much more general settings as well.
math.KT math.QA
in this paper we prove that on a smooth algebraic variety the hkrmorphism twisted by the square root of the todd genus gives an isomorphism between the sheaf of polyvector fields and the sheaf of polydifferential operators both considered as derived gerstenhaber algebras in particular we obtain an isomorphism between hochschild cohomology and the cohomology of polyvector fields which is compatible with the lie bracket and the cupproduct the latter compatibility is an unpublished result by kontsevich our proof is set in the framework of lie algebroids and so applies without modification in much more general settings as well
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708.2726
Large Scale B-Field in Stationary Accretion Disks
We reconsider the problem of the formation of a large-scale magnetic field in the accretion disks around black holes. In contrast with previous work we take into account the nonuniform vertical structure of the disk. The high electrical conductivity of the outer layers of the disk prevents the outward diffusion of the magnetic field. This implies a stationary state with a strong magnetic field in the inner parts of the accretion disk close to the black hole.
astro-ph
we reconsider the problem of the formation of a largescale magnetic field in the accretion disks around black holes in contrast with previous work we take into account the nonuniform vertical structure of the disk the high electrical conductivity of the outer layers of the disk prevents the outward diffusion of the magnetic field this implies a stationary state with a strong magnetic field in the inner parts of the accretion disk close to the black hole
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708.2727
Limits and C*-algebras of low rank or dimension
We explore various limit constructions for C*-algebras, such as composition series and inverse limits, in relation to the notions of real rank, stable rank, and extremal richness. We also consider extensions and pullbacks. We identify some conditions under which the constructions preserve low rank for the C*-algebras or their multiplier algebras. We also discuss the version of topological dimension theory appropriate for primitive ideal spaces of C*-algebras and provide an analogue for rank of the countable sum theorem of dimension theory. As an illustration of how the main results can be applied, we show that a CCR algebra has stable rank one if and only if it has topological dimension zero or one, and we characterize those sigma-unital CCR algebras whose multiplier algebras have stable rank one or extremal richness. (The real rank zero case was already known.)
math.OA
we explore various limit constructions for calgebras such as composition series and inverse limits in relation to the notions of real rank stable rank and extremal richness we also consider extensions and pullbacks we identify some conditions under which the constructions preserve low rank for the calgebras or their multiplier algebras we also discuss the version of topological dimension theory appropriate for primitive ideal spaces of calgebras and provide an analogue for rank of the countable sum theorem of dimension theory as an illustration of how the main results can be applied we show that a ccr algebra has stable rank one if and only if it has topological dimension zero or one and we characterize those sigmaunital ccr algebras whose multiplier algebras have stable rank one or extremal richness the real rank zero case was already known
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708.2728
Gravitational wave radiometry: Mapping a stochastic gravitational wave background
The problem of the detection and mapping of a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB), either of cosmological or astrophysical origin, bears a strong semblance to the analysis of CMB anisotropy and polarization. The basic statistic we use is the cross-correlation between the data from a pair of detectors. In order to `point' the pair of detectors at different locations one must suitably delay the signal by the amount it takes for the gravitational waves (GW) to travel to both detectors corresponding to a source direction. Then the raw (observed) sky map of the SGWB is the signal convolved with a beam response function that varies with location in the sky. We first present a thorough analytic understanding of the structure of the beam response function using an analytic approach employing the stationary phase approximation. The true sky map is obtained by numerically deconvolving the beam function in the integral (convolution) equation. We adopt the maximum likelihood framework to estimate the true sky map that has been successfully used in the broadly similar, well-studied CMB map making problem. We numerically implement and demonstrate the method on simulated (unpolarized) SGWB for the radiometer consisting of the LIGO pair of detectors at Hanford and Livingston. We include `realistic' additive Gaussian noise in each data stream based on the LIGO-I noise power spectral density. The extension of the method to multiple baselines and polarized GWB is outlined. In the near future the network of GW detectors, including the Advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors that will be sensitive to sources within a thousand times larger spatial volume, could provide promising data sets for GW radiometry.
gr-qc astro-ph
the problem of the detection and mapping of a stochastic gravitational wave background sgwb either of cosmological or astrophysical origin bears a strong semblance to the analysis of cmb anisotropy and polarization the basic statistic we use is the crosscorrelation between the data from a pair of detectors in order to point the pair of detectors at different locations one must suitably delay the signal by the amount it takes for the gravitational waves gw to travel to both detectors corresponding to a source direction then the raw observed sky map of the sgwb is the signal convolved with a beam response function that varies with location in the sky we first present a thorough analytic understanding of the structure of the beam response function using an analytic approach employing the stationary phase approximation the true sky map is obtained by numerically deconvolving the beam function in the integral convolution equation we adopt the maximum likelihood framework to estimate the true sky map that has been successfully used in the broadly similar wellstudied cmb map making problem we numerically implement and demonstrate the method on simulated unpolarized sgwb for the radiometer consisting of the ligo pair of detectors at hanford and livingston we include realistic additive gaussian noise in each data stream based on the ligoi noise power spectral density the extension of the method to multiple baselines and polarized gwb is outlined in the near future the network of gw detectors including the advanced ligo and virgo detectors that will be sensitive to sources within a thousand times larger spatial volume could provide promising data sets for gw radiometry
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708.2729
The Mid-Infrared Spectrum of the Short Orbital Period Polar EF Eridani from the Spitzer Space Telescope
We present the first mid-infrared (5.5-14.5 micron) spectrum of a highly magnetic cataclysmic variable, EF Eridani, obtained with the Infrared Spectrograph on the Spitzer Space Telescope. The spectrum displays a relatively flat, featureless continuum. A spectral energy distribution model consisting of a 9500 K white dwarf, L5 secondary star, cyclotron emission corresponding to a B~13 MG white dwarf magnetic field, and an optically thin circumbinary dust disk is in reasonable agreement with the extant 2MASS, IRAC, and IRS observations of EF Eri. Cyclotron emission is ruled out as a dominant contributor to the infrared flux density at wavelengths >3 microns. The spectral energy distribution longward of ~5 microns is dominated by dust emission. Even longer wavelength observations would test the model's prediction of a continuing gradual decline in the circumbinary disk-dominated region of the spectral energy distribution.
astro-ph
we present the first midinfrared 55145 micron spectrum of a highly magnetic cataclysmic variable ef eridani obtained with the infrared spectrograph on the spitzer space telescope the spectrum displays a relatively flat featureless continuum a spectral energy distribution model consisting of a 9500 k white dwarf l5 secondary star cyclotron emission corresponding to a b13 mg white dwarf magnetic field and an optically thin circumbinary dust disk is in reasonable agreement with the extant 2mass irac and irs observations of ef eri cyclotron emission is ruled out as a dominant contributor to the infrared flux density at wavelengths 3 microns the spectral energy distribution longward of 5 microns is dominated by dust emission even longer wavelength observations would test the models prediction of a continuing gradual decline in the circumbinary diskdominated region of the spectral energy distribution
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708.273
Magnetic Field Estimation at and beyond 1/N Scaling via an Effective Nonlinearity
We provide evidence, based on direct simulation of the quantum Fisher information, that 1/N scaling of the sensitivity with the number of atoms N in an atomic magnetometer can be surpassed by double-passing a far-detuned laser through the atomic system during Larmor precession. Furthermore, we predict that for N>>1, the proposed double-pass atomic magnetometer can essentially achieve 1/N scaling without requiring any appreciable amount of entanglement.
quant-ph
we provide evidence based on direct simulation of the quantum fisher information that 1n scaling of the sensitivity with the number of atoms n in an atomic magnetometer can be surpassed by doublepassing a fardetuned laser through the atomic system during larmor precession furthermore we predict that for n1 the proposed doublepass atomic magnetometer can essentially achieve 1n scaling without requiring any appreciable amount of entanglement
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708.2731
CKM matrix fits including constraints on New Physics
I review the status of global fits to the CKM matrix within the framework of the Standard Model and also allowing for New Physics contributions in B-Bbar mixing. The driving force is coming from the large data sets collected by the B-factory experiments BABAR and Belle. Additional important inputs to the B_s sector are provided by the Tevatron experiments CDF and D0. In particular, when constraining New Physics in B-Bbar mixing in a model-independent analysis a nice interplay between the B-factories and the Tevatron experiments is observed.
hep-ph
i review the status of global fits to the ckm matrix within the framework of the standard model and also allowing for new physics contributions in bbbar mixing the driving force is coming from the large data sets collected by the bfactory experiments babar and belle additional important inputs to the b_s sector are provided by the tevatron experiments cdf and d0 in particular when constraining new physics in bbbar mixing in a modelindependent analysis a nice interplay between the bfactories and the tevatron experiments is observed
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708.2732
Secrecy Capacity Region of Binary and Gaussian Multiple Access Channels
A generalized multiple access channel (GMAC) with one confidential message set is studied, where two users (users 1 and 2) attempt to transmit common information to a destination, and user 1 also has confidential information intended for the destination. Moreover, user 1 wishes to keep its confidential information as secret as possible from user 2. A deterministic GMAC is first studied, and the capacity-equivocation region and the secrecy capacity region are obtained. Two main classes of the GMAC are then studied: the binary GMAC and the Gaussian GMAC. For both channels, the capacity-equivocation region and the secrecy capacity region are established.
cs.IT math.IT
a generalized multiple access channel gmac with one confidential message set is studied where two users users 1 and 2 attempt to transmit common information to a destination and user 1 also has confidential information intended for the destination moreover user 1 wishes to keep its confidential information as secret as possible from user 2 a deterministic gmac is first studied and the capacityequivocation region and the secrecy capacity region are obtained two main classes of the gmac are then studied the binary gmac and the gaussian gmac for both channels the capacityequivocation region and the secrecy capacity region are established
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708.2733
Secure Communications over Fading Channels
The fading wire-tap channel is investigated, where the source-to-destination channel and the source-to-wire-tapper channel are corrupted by multiplicative fading gain coefficients in addition to additive Gaussian noise terms. The channel state information is assumed to be known at both the transmitter and the receiver. The parallel wire-tap channel with independent subchannels is first studied, which serves as an information-theoretic model for the fading wire-tap channel. The secrecy capacity of the parallel wire-tap channel is established. This result is then specialized to give the secrecy capacity of the fading wire-tap channel, which is achieved with the source node dynamically changing the power allocation according to the channel state realization. An optimal source power allocation is obtained to achieve the secrecy capacity.
cs.IT math.IT
the fading wiretap channel is investigated where the sourcetodestination channel and the sourcetowiretapper channel are corrupted by multiplicative fading gain coefficients in addition to additive gaussian noise terms the channel state information is assumed to be known at both the transmitter and the receiver the parallel wiretap channel with independent subchannels is first studied which serves as an informationtheoretic model for the fading wiretap channel the secrecy capacity of the parallel wiretap channel is established this result is then specialized to give the secrecy capacity of the fading wiretap channel which is achieved with the source node dynamically changing the power allocation according to the channel state realization an optimal source power allocation is obtained to achieve the secrecy capacity
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708.2734
Universal properties of a trapped two-component Fermi gas at unitarity
We treat the trapped two-component Fermi system, in which unlike fermions interact through a two-body short-range potential having no bound state but an infinite scattering length. By accurately solving the Schroedinger equation for up to N=6 fermions, we show that no many-body bound states exist other than those bound by the trapping potential, and we demonstrate unique universal properties of the system: Certain excitation frequencies are separated by $2\hbar\omega$, the wavefunctions agree with analytical predictions and a virial theorem is fulfilled. Further calculations up to N=30 determine the excitation gap, an experimentally accessible universal quantity, and it agrees with recent predictions based on a density functional approach.
cond-mat.other
we treat the trapped twocomponent fermi system in which unlike fermions interact through a twobody shortrange potential having no bound state but an infinite scattering length by accurately solving the schroedinger equation for up to n6 fermions we show that no manybody bound states exist other than those bound by the trapping potential and we demonstrate unique universal properties of the system certain excitation frequencies are separated by 2hbaromega the wavefunctions agree with analytical predictions and a virial theorem is fulfilled further calculations up to n30 determine the excitation gap an experimentally accessible universal quantity and it agrees with recent predictions based on a density functional approach
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708.2735
Long range forces and limits on unparticle interactions
Couplings between standard model particles and unparticles from a nontrivial scale invariant sector can lead to long range forces. If the forces couple to quantities such as baryon or lepton (electron) number, stringent limits result from tests of the gravitational inverse square law. These limits are much stronger than from collider phenomenology and astrophysics.
hep-ph
couplings between standard model particles and unparticles from a nontrivial scale invariant sector can lead to long range forces if the forces couple to quantities such as baryon or lepton electron number stringent limits result from tests of the gravitational inverse square law these limits are much stronger than from collider phenomenology and astrophysics
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708.2736
Eulerian conjugate stress and strain
New results are presented for the stress conjugate to arbitrary Eulerian strain measures. The conjugate stress depends on two arbitrary quantities: the strain measure f(V) and the corotational rate defined by the spin \Omega. It is shown that for every choice of f there is a unique spin, called the f-spin, which makes the conjugate stress as close as possible to the Cauchy stress. The f-spin reduces to the logarithmic spin when the strain measure is the Hencky strain log(V). The formulation and the results emphasize the similarities in form of the Eulerian and Lagrangian stresses conjugate to the strains f(V) and f(U), respectively. Many of the results involve the solution to the equation AX-XA=Y, which is presented in a succinct format.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
new results are presented for the stress conjugate to arbitrary eulerian strain measures the conjugate stress depends on two arbitrary quantities the strain measure fv and the corotational rate defined by the spin omega it is shown that for every choice of f there is a unique spin called the fspin which makes the conjugate stress as close as possible to the cauchy stress the fspin reduces to the logarithmic spin when the strain measure is the hencky strain logv the formulation and the results emphasize the similarities in form of the eulerian and lagrangian stresses conjugate to the strains fv and fu respectively many of the results involve the solution to the equation axxay which is presented in a succinct format
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708.2737
Extragalaxtic Stellar Astronomy
Despite their paucity, massive hot stars are real cosmic engines of fundamental importance in shaping our Universe, from its very early stages up to its current appearance. Understanding the physics of massive stars is then a key issue for many relevant astrophysical phenomena. Probing the massive stellar population of nearby galaxies by means of quantitative spectroscopy allows us to unveil a wealth of information that will aid our current understanding of stellar and galaxy evolution. In addition, blue luminous stars can be used as standard candles for extragalactic distances up to 10 Mpc. In this contribution, we present a brief overview of recent steps we have undertaken in this exciting research field.
astro-ph
despite their paucity massive hot stars are real cosmic engines of fundamental importance in shaping our universe from its very early stages up to its current appearance understanding the physics of massive stars is then a key issue for many relevant astrophysical phenomena probing the massive stellar population of nearby galaxies by means of quantitative spectroscopy allows us to unveil a wealth of information that will aid our current understanding of stellar and galaxy evolution in addition blue luminous stars can be used as standard candles for extragalactic distances up to 10 mpc in this contribution we present a brief overview of recent steps we have undertaken in this exciting research field
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708.2738
The Physical Process First Law for Bifurcate Killing Horizons
The physical process version of the first law for black holes states that the passage of energy and angular momentum through the horizon results in a change in area $\frac{\kappa}{8 \pi} \Delta A = \Delta E - \Omega \Delta J$, so long as this passage is quasi-stationary. A similar physical process first law can be derived for any bifurcate Killing horizon in any spacetime dimension $d \ge 3$ using much the same argument. However, to make this law non-trivial, one must show that sufficiently quasi-stationary processes do in fact occur. In particular, one must show that processes exist for which the shear and expansion remain small, and in which no new generators are added to the horizon. Thorne, MacDonald, and Price considered related issues when an object falls across a d=4 black hole horizon. By generalizing their argument to arbitrary $d \ge 3$ and to any bifurcate Killing horizon, we derive a condition under which these effects are controlled and the first law applies. In particular, by providing a non-trivial first law for Rindler horizons, our work completes the parallel between the mechanics of such horizons and those of black holes for $d \ge 3$. We also comment on the situation for d=2.
gr-qc hep-th
the physical process version of the first law for black holes states that the passage of energy and angular momentum through the horizon results in a change in area frackappa8 pi delta a delta e omega delta j so long as this passage is quasistationary a similar physical process first law can be derived for any bifurcate killing horizon in any spacetime dimension d ge 3 using much the same argument however to make this law nontrivial one must show that sufficiently quasistationary processes do in fact occur in particular one must show that processes exist for which the shear and expansion remain small and in which no new generators are added to the horizon thorne macdonald and price considered related issues when an object falls across a d4 black hole horizon by generalizing their argument to arbitrary d ge 3 and to any bifurcate killing horizon we derive a condition under which these effects are controlled and the first law applies in particular by providing a nontrivial first law for rindler horizons our work completes the parallel between the mechanics of such horizons and those of black holes for d ge 3 we also comment on the situation for d2
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708.2739
Stabilization of an overloaded queueing network using measurement-based admission control
Admission control can be employed to avoid congestion in queueing networks subject to overload. In distributed networks the admission decisions are often based on imperfect measurements on the network state. This paper studies how the lack of complete state information affects the system performance by considering a simple network model for distributed admission control. The stability region of the network is characterized and it is shown how feedback signaling makes the system very sensitive to its parameters.
math.PR
admission control can be employed to avoid congestion in queueing networks subject to overload in distributed networks the admission decisions are often based on imperfect measurements on the network state this paper studies how the lack of complete state information affects the system performance by considering a simple network model for distributed admission control the stability region of the network is characterized and it is shown how feedback signaling makes the system very sensitive to its parameters
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708.274
Galactic Edge Clouds I: Molecular Line Observations and Chemical Modelling of Edge Cloud 2
Edge Cloud 2 (EC2) is a molecular cloud, about 35 pc in size, with one of the largest galactocentric distances known to exist in the Milky Way. We present observations of a peak CO emission region in the cloud and use these to determine its physical characteristics. We calculate a gas temperature of 20 K and a density of n(H2) ~ 10^4 cm^-3. Based on our CO maps, we estimate the mass of EC2 at around 10^4 M_sun and continuum observations suggest a dust-to-gas mass ratio as low as 0.001. Chemical models have been developed to reproduce the abundances in EC2 and they indicate that: heavy element abundances may be reduced by a factor of five relative to the solar neighbourhood (similar to dwarf irregular galaxies and damped Lyman alpha systems); very low extinction (Av < 4 mag) due to a very low dust-to-gas ratio; an enhanced cosmic ray ionisation rate; and a higher UV field compared to local interstellar values. The reduced abundances may be attributed to the low level of star formation in this region and are probably also related to the continuing infall of primordial (or low metallicity) halo gas since the Milky Way formed. Finally, we note that shocks from the old supernova remnant GSH 138-01-94 may have determined the morphology and dynamics of EC2.
astro-ph
edge cloud 2 ec2 is a molecular cloud about 35 pc in size with one of the largest galactocentric distances known to exist in the milky way we present observations of a peak co emission region in the cloud and use these to determine its physical characteristics we calculate a gas temperature of 20 k and a density of nh2 104 cm3 based on our co maps we estimate the mass of ec2 at around 104 m_sun and continuum observations suggest a dusttogas mass ratio as low as 0001 chemical models have been developed to reproduce the abundances in ec2 and they indicate that heavy element abundances may be reduced by a factor of five relative to the solar neighbourhood similar to dwarf irregular galaxies and damped lyman alpha systems very low extinction av 4 mag due to a very low dusttogas ratio an enhanced cosmic ray ionisation rate and a higher uv field compared to local interstellar values the reduced abundances may be attributed to the low level of star formation in this region and are probably also related to the continuing infall of primordial or low metallicity halo gas since the milky way formed finally we note that shocks from the old supernova remnant gsh 1380194 may have determined the morphology and dynamics of ec2
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708.2741
Schwarzschild-Couder two-mirror telescope for ground-based gamma-ray astronomy
Schwarzschild-type aplanatic telescopes with two aspheric mirrors, configured to correct spherical and coma aberrations, are considered for application in gamma-ray astronomy utilizing the ground-based atmospheric Cherenkov technique. We use analytical descriptions for the figures of primary and secondary mirrors and, by means of numerical ray-tracing, we find telescope configurations which minimize astigmatism and maximize effective light collecting area. It is shown that unlike the traditional prime-focus Davies-Cotton design, such telescopes provide a solution for wide field of view gamma-ray observations. The designs are isochronous, can be optimized to have no vignetting across the field, and allow for significant reduction of the plate scale, making them compatible with finely-pixilated cameras, which can be constructed from modern, cost-effective image sensors such as multi-anode PMTs, SiPMs, or image intensifiers.
astro-ph
schwarzschildtype aplanatic telescopes with two aspheric mirrors configured to correct spherical and coma aberrations are considered for application in gammaray astronomy utilizing the groundbased atmospheric cherenkov technique we use analytical descriptions for the figures of primary and secondary mirrors and by means of numerical raytracing we find telescope configurations which minimize astigmatism and maximize effective light collecting area it is shown that unlike the traditional primefocus daviescotton design such telescopes provide a solution for wide field of view gammaray observations the designs are isochronous can be optimized to have no vignetting across the field and allow for significant reduction of the plate scale making them compatible with finelypixilated cameras which can be constructed from modern costeffective image sensors such as multianode pmts sipms or image intensifiers
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708.2742
The Gamma-ray Albedo of the Moon
We use the GEANT4 Monte Carlo framework to calculate the gamma-ray albedo of the Moon due to interactions of cosmic ray (CR) nuclei with moon rock. Our calculation of the albedo spectrum agrees with the EGRET data. We show that the spectrum of gamma rays from the Moon is very steep with an effective cutoff around 3-4 GeV (600 MeV for the inner part of the Moon disk) and exhibits a narrow pion-decay line at 67.5 MeV, perhaps unique in astrophysics. Apart from other astrophysical sources, the albedo spectrum of the Moon is well understood, including its absolute normalisation; this makes it a useful "standard candle" for gamma-ray telescopes. The steep albedo spectrum also provides a unique opportunity for energy calibration of gamma-ray telescopes, such as the forthcoming Gamma Ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST). Since the albedo flux depends on the incident CR spectrum which changes over the solar cycle, it is possible to monitor the CR spectrum using the albedo gamma-ray flux. Simultaneous measurements of CR proton and helium spectra by the Payload for Antimatter-Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics (PAMELA), and observations of the albedo gamma rays by the GLAST Large Area Telescope (LAT), can be used to test the model predictions and will enable the LAT to monitor the CR spectrum near the Earth beyond the lifetime of the PAMELA.
astro-ph
we use the geant4 monte carlo framework to calculate the gammaray albedo of the moon due to interactions of cosmic ray cr nuclei with moon rock our calculation of the albedo spectrum agrees with the egret data we show that the spectrum of gamma rays from the moon is very steep with an effective cutoff around 34 gev 600 mev for the inner part of the moon disk and exhibits a narrow piondecay line at 675 mev perhaps unique in astrophysics apart from other astrophysical sources the albedo spectrum of the moon is well understood including its absolute normalisation this makes it a useful standard candle for gammaray telescopes the steep albedo spectrum also provides a unique opportunity for energy calibration of gammaray telescopes such as the forthcoming gamma ray large area space telescope glast since the albedo flux depends on the incident cr spectrum which changes over the solar cycle it is possible to monitor the cr spectrum using the albedo gammaray flux simultaneous measurements of cr proton and helium spectra by the payload for antimattermatter exploration and lightnuclei astrophysics pamela and observations of the albedo gamma rays by the glast large area telescope lat can be used to test the model predictions and will enable the lat to monitor the cr spectrum near the earth beyond the lifetime of the pamela
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708.2743
The clock ambiguity and the emergence of physical laws
The process of identifying a time variable in time reparameterization invariant theories results in great ambiguities about the actual laws of physics described by a given theory. A theory set up to describe one set of physical laws can equally well be interpreted as describing any other laws of physics by making a different choice of time variable or ``clock''. In this article we demonstrate how this ``clock ambiguity'' arises and then discuss how one might still hope to extract specific predictions about the laws of physics even when the clock ambiguity is present. We argue that a requirement of quasi-separability should play a critical role in such an analysis. As a step in this direction, we compare the Hamiltonian of a local quantum field theory with a completely random Hamiltonian. We find that any random Hamiltonian (constructed in a sufficiently large space) can yield a ``good enough'' approximation to a local field theory. Based on this result we argue that theories that suffer from the clock ambiguity may in the end provide a viable fundamental framework for physics in which locality can be seen as a strongly favored (or predicted) emergent behavior. We also speculate on how other key aspects of known physics such as gauge symmetries and Poincare invariance might be predicted to emerge in this framework.
hep-th gr-qc
the process of identifying a time variable in time reparameterization invariant theories results in great ambiguities about the actual laws of physics described by a given theory a theory set up to describe one set of physical laws can equally well be interpreted as describing any other laws of physics by making a different choice of time variable or clock in this article we demonstrate how this clock ambiguity arises and then discuss how one might still hope to extract specific predictions about the laws of physics even when the clock ambiguity is present we argue that a requirement of quasiseparability should play a critical role in such an analysis as a step in this direction we compare the hamiltonian of a local quantum field theory with a completely random hamiltonian we find that any random hamiltonian constructed in a sufficiently large space can yield a good enough approximation to a local field theory based on this result we argue that theories that suffer from the clock ambiguity may in the end provide a viable fundamental framework for physics in which locality can be seen as a strongly favored or predicted emergent behavior we also speculate on how other key aspects of known physics such as gauge symmetries and poincare invariance might be predicted to emerge in this framework
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708.2744
Nonlocal Lagrangians for Accelerated Systems
Acceleration-induced nonlocality and the corresponding Lorentz-invariant nonlocal field equations of accelerated systems in Minkowski spacetime are discussed. Under physically reasonable conditions, the nonlocal equation of motion of the field can be derived from a variational principle of stationary action involving a nonlocal Lagrangian that is simply obtained by composing the local inertial Lagrangian with the nonlocal transformation of the field to the accelerated system. The implications of this approach for the electromagnetic and Dirac fields are briefly discussed.
hep-th gr-qc
accelerationinduced nonlocality and the corresponding lorentzinvariant nonlocal field equations of accelerated systems in minkowski spacetime are discussed under physically reasonable conditions the nonlocal equation of motion of the field can be derived from a variational principle of stationary action involving a nonlocal lagrangian that is simply obtained by composing the local inertial lagrangian with the nonlocal transformation of the field to the accelerated system the implications of this approach for the electromagnetic and dirac fields are briefly discussed
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708.2745
Measuring Type Ia Supernova Distances and Redshifts From Their Multi-band Light Curves
The distance and redshift of a type Ia supernova can be determined simultaneously through its multi-band light curves. This fact may be used for imaging surveys that discover and obtain photometry for large numbers of supernovae; so many that it would be difficult to obtain a spectroscopic redshift for each. Using available supernova-analysis tools we find that there are several conditions in which a viable distance-redshift can be determined. Uncertainties in the effective distance at z~0.3 are dominated by redshift uncertainties coupled with the steepness of the Hubble law. By z~0.5 the Hubble law flattens out and distance-modulus uncertainties dominate. Observations that give S/N=50 at peak brightness and a four-day observer cadence in each of griz-bands are necessary to match the intrinsic supernova magnitude dispersion out to z=1.0. Lower S/N can be tolerated with the addition of redshift priors (e.g. from a host-galaxy photometric redshift), observations in an additional redder band, or by focusing on supernova redshifts that have particular leverage for this measurement. More stringent S/N requirements are anticipated as improved systematics control over intrinsic color, metallicity, and dust is attempted to be drawn from light curves.
astro-ph
the distance and redshift of a type ia supernova can be determined simultaneously through its multiband light curves this fact may be used for imaging surveys that discover and obtain photometry for large numbers of supernovae so many that it would be difficult to obtain a spectroscopic redshift for each using available supernovaanalysis tools we find that there are several conditions in which a viable distanceredshift can be determined uncertainties in the effective distance at z03 are dominated by redshift uncertainties coupled with the steepness of the hubble law by z05 the hubble law flattens out and distancemodulus uncertainties dominate observations that give sn50 at peak brightness and a fourday observer cadence in each of grizbands are necessary to match the intrinsic supernova magnitude dispersion out to z10 lower sn can be tolerated with the addition of redshift priors eg from a hostgalaxy photometric redshift observations in an additional redder band or by focusing on supernova redshifts that have particular leverage for this measurement more stringent sn requirements are anticipated as improved systematics control over intrinsic color metallicity and dust is attempted to be drawn from light curves
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708.2746
Neutron and X-ray Scattering Studies of the Lightly-Doped Spin-Peierls System Cu(1-x)Cd(x)GeO3
Single crystals of the lightly-doped spin-Peierls system Cu(1-x)Cd(x)GeO3 have been studied using bulk susceptibility, x-ray diffraction, and inelastic neutron scattering techniques. We investigate the triplet gap in the magnetic excitation spectrum of this quasi-one dimensional quantum antiferromagnet, and its relation to the spin-Peierls dimerisation order parameter. We employ two different theoretical forms to model the inelastic neutron scattering cross section and chi''(Q,omega), and show the sensitivity of the gap energy to the choice of chi''(Q,omega). We find that a finite gap exists at the spin-Peierls phase transition.
cond-mat.str-el
single crystals of the lightlydoped spinpeierls system cu1xcdxgeo3 have been studied using bulk susceptibility xray diffraction and inelastic neutron scattering techniques we investigate the triplet gap in the magnetic excitation spectrum of this quasione dimensional quantum antiferromagnet and its relation to the spinpeierls dimerisation order parameter we employ two different theoretical forms to model the inelastic neutron scattering cross section and chiqomega and show the sensitivity of the gap energy to the choice of chiqomega we find that a finite gap exists at the spinpeierls phase transition
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708.2747
Aspects of Integrability in N =4 SYM
Various recently developed connections between supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories in four dimensions and two dimensional integrable systems serve as crucial ingredients in improving our understanding of the AdS/CFT correspondence. In this review, we highlight some connections between superconformal four dimensional Yang-Mills theory and various integrable systems. In particular, we focus on the role of Yangian symmetries in studying the gauge theory dual of closed string excitations. We also briefly review how the gauge theory connects to Calogero models and open quantum spin chains through the study of the gauge theory duals of D3 branes and open strings ending on them. This invited review, written for Modern Physics Letters-A, is based on a seminar given at the Institute of Advanced Study, Princeton.
hep-th
various recently developed connections between supersymmetric yangmills theories in four dimensions and two dimensional integrable systems serve as crucial ingredients in improving our understanding of the adscft correspondence in this review we highlight some connections between superconformal four dimensional yangmills theory and various integrable systems in particular we focus on the role of yangian symmetries in studying the gauge theory dual of closed string excitations we also briefly review how the gauge theory connects to calogero models and open quantum spin chains through the study of the gauge theory duals of d3 branes and open strings ending on them this invited review written for modern physics lettersa is based on a seminar given at the institute of advanced study princeton
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708.2748
Optical and dc transport properties of a strongly correlated charge density wave system: exact solution in the ordered phase of the spinless Falicov-Kimball model with dynamical mean-field theory
We derive the dynamical mean-field theory equations for transport in an ordered charge-density-wave phase on a bipartite lattice. The formalism is applied to the spinless Falicov-Kimball model on a hypercubic lattice at half filling. We determine the many-body density of states, the dc charge and heat conductivities, and the optical conductivity. Vertex corrections continue to vanish within the ordered phase, but the density of states and the transport coefficients show anomalous behavior due to the rapid development of thermally activated subgap states. We also examine the optical sum rule and sum rules for the first three moments of the Green's functions within the ordered phase and see that the total optical spectral weight in the ordered phase either decreases or increases depending on the strength of the interactions.
cond-mat.str-el
we derive the dynamical meanfield theory equations for transport in an ordered chargedensitywave phase on a bipartite lattice the formalism is applied to the spinless falicovkimball model on a hypercubic lattice at half filling we determine the manybody density of states the dc charge and heat conductivities and the optical conductivity vertex corrections continue to vanish within the ordered phase but the density of states and the transport coefficients show anomalous behavior due to the rapid development of thermally activated subgap states we also examine the optical sum rule and sum rules for the first three moments of the greens functions within the ordered phase and see that the total optical spectral weight in the ordered phase either decreases or increases depending on the strength of the interactions
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