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709.1935
Clique-width of unit interval graphs
The clique-width is known to be unbounded in the class of unit interval graphs. In this paper, we show that this is a minimal hereditary class of unbounded clique-width, i.e., in every hereditary subclass of unit interval graphs the clique-width is bounded by a constant.
math.CO
the cliquewidth is known to be unbounded in the class of unit interval graphs in this paper we show that this is a minimal hereditary class of unbounded cliquewidth ie in every hereditary subclass of unit interval graphs the cliquewidth is bounded by a constant
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709.1936
On the Reduction Process of Nucci-Reduce Algorithm for Computing Nonlocal Symmetries of Dynamical Systems:A case study of the Kepler and Kepler-related problems
The snags in Nucci(1996)REDUCE algorithm are the intrinsic computational efforts and the ability to recognize the ignorable variable(s) during the reduction process of the algorithm. An inappropriate choice of the ignorable variable(s)may lead to an infinite loop. We construct an isomorphic transformation which ameliorates these problems, and with which a simple, definite steps of algebraic process, produced equivalent system of equations to that of Nucci that are easily solved by Lie point symmetry algorithm.
math.DS
the snags in nucci1996reduce algorithm are the intrinsic computational efforts and the ability to recognize the ignorable variables during the reduction process of the algorithm an inappropriate choice of the ignorable variablesmay lead to an infinite loop we construct an isomorphic transformation which ameliorates these problems and with which a simple definite steps of algebraic process produced equivalent system of equations to that of nucci that are easily solved by lie point symmetry algorithm
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709.1937
Signature of sterile species in atmospheric neutrino data at neutrino telescopes
The MiniBooNE results have still not been able to comprehensively rule out the oscillation interpretation of the LSND experiment. So far the so-called short baseline experiments with energy in the MeV range and baseline of few meters have been probing the existence of sterile neutrinos. We show how signatures of these extra sterile states could be obtained in TeV energy range atmospheric neutrinos travelling distances of thousands of kilometers. Atmospheric neutrinos in the TeV range would be detected by the upcoming neutrino telescopes. Of course vacuum oscillations of these neutrinos would be very small. However, we show that resonant matter effects inside the Earth could enhance these very tiny oscillations into near-maximal transitions, which should be hard to miss. We show that imprint of sterile neutrinos could be unambiguously obtained in this high energy atmospheric neutrino event sample. Not only would neutrino telescopes tell the presence of sterile neutrinos, it should also be possible for them to distinguish between the different possible mass and mixing scenarios with additional sterile states.
hep-ph astro-ph hep-ex
the miniboone results have still not been able to comprehensively rule out the oscillation interpretation of the lsnd experiment so far the socalled short baseline experiments with energy in the mev range and baseline of few meters have been probing the existence of sterile neutrinos we show how signatures of these extra sterile states could be obtained in tev energy range atmospheric neutrinos travelling distances of thousands of kilometers atmospheric neutrinos in the tev range would be detected by the upcoming neutrino telescopes of course vacuum oscillations of these neutrinos would be very small however we show that resonant matter effects inside the earth could enhance these very tiny oscillations into nearmaximal transitions which should be hard to miss we show that imprint of sterile neutrinos could be unambiguously obtained in this high energy atmospheric neutrino event sample not only would neutrino telescopes tell the presence of sterile neutrinos it should also be possible for them to distinguish between the different possible mass and mixing scenarios with additional sterile states
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709.1938
Partial delocalization of two-component condensates in optical lattices
We study management of localized modes in two-component (spinor) Bose-Einstein condensates embedded in optical lattices by changing interspecies interactions. By numerical integration of the coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations, we find three different regimes of the delocalizing transition: i) the partial delocalization when the chemical potential of one of the components collapses with a gap edge and the respective component transforms into a Bloch state, while the other component remains localized; ii) the partial delocalization as consequence of instability of one of the components; and iii) the situation where the vector soliton reaches limits of the existence domain. It is shown that there exists a critical value for interspecies scattering length, below which solutions can be manipulated and above which one of the components is irreversibly destroyed.
cond-mat.other
we study management of localized modes in twocomponent spinor boseeinstein condensates embedded in optical lattices by changing interspecies interactions by numerical integration of the coupled grosspitaevskii equations we find three different regimes of the delocalizing transition i the partial delocalization when the chemical potential of one of the components collapses with a gap edge and the respective component transforms into a bloch state while the other component remains localized ii the partial delocalization as consequence of instability of one of the components and iii the situation where the vector soliton reaches limits of the existence domain it is shown that there exists a critical value for interspecies scattering length below which solutions can be manipulated and above which one of the components is irreversibly destroyed
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709.1939
Non-local interactions in hydrodynamic turbulence at high Reynolds numbers: the slow emergence of scaling laws
We analyze the data stemming from a forced incompressible hydrodynamic simulation on a grid of 2048^3 regularly spaced points, with a Taylor Reynolds number of Re~1300. The forcing is given by the Taylor-Green flow, which shares similarities with the flow in several laboratory experiments, and the computation is run for ten turnover times in the turbulent steady state. At this Reynolds number the anisotropic large scale flow pattern, the inertial range, the bottleneck, and the dissipative range are clearly visible, thus providing a good test case for the study of turbulence as it appears in nature. Triadic interactions, the locality of energy fluxes, and structure functions of the velocity increments are computed. A comparison with runs at lower Reynolds numbers is performed, and shows the emergence of scaling laws for the relative amplitude of local and non-local interactions in spectral space. The scalings of the Kolmogorov constant, and of skewness and flatness of velocity increments, performed as well and are consistent with previous experimental results. Furthermore, the accumulation of energy in the small-scales associated with the bottleneck seems to occur on a span of wavenumbers that is independent of the Reynolds number, possibly ruling out an inertial range explanation for it. Finally, intermittency exponents seem to depart from standard models at high Re, leaving the interpretation of intermittency an open problem.
physics.flu-dyn
we analyze the data stemming from a forced incompressible hydrodynamic simulation on a grid of 20483 regularly spaced points with a taylor reynolds number of re1300 the forcing is given by the taylorgreen flow which shares similarities with the flow in several laboratory experiments and the computation is run for ten turnover times in the turbulent steady state at this reynolds number the anisotropic large scale flow pattern the inertial range the bottleneck and the dissipative range are clearly visible thus providing a good test case for the study of turbulence as it appears in nature triadic interactions the locality of energy fluxes and structure functions of the velocity increments are computed a comparison with runs at lower reynolds numbers is performed and shows the emergence of scaling laws for the relative amplitude of local and nonlocal interactions in spectral space the scalings of the kolmogorov constant and of skewness and flatness of velocity increments performed as well and are consistent with previous experimental results furthermore the accumulation of energy in the smallscales associated with the bottleneck seems to occur on a span of wavenumbers that is independent of the reynolds number possibly ruling out an inertial range explanation for it finally intermittency exponents seem to depart from standard models at high re leaving the interpretation of intermittency an open problem
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709.194
Cosmological perturbations from stochastic gravity
In inflationary cosmological models driven by an inflaton field the origin of the primordial inhomogeneities which are responsible for large scale structure formation are the quantum fluctuations of the inflaton field. These are usually computed using the standard theory of cosmological perturbations, where both the gravitational and the inflaton fields are linearly perturbed and quantized. The correlation functions for the primordial metric fluctuations and their power spectrum are then computed. Here we introduce an alternative procedure for computing the metric correlations based on the Einstein-Langevin equation which emerges in the framework of stochastic semiclassical gravity. We show that the correlation functions for the metric perturbations that follow from the Einstein-Langevin formalism coincide with those obtained with the usual quantization procedures when the scalar field perturbations are linearized. This method is explicitly applied to a simple model of chaotic inflation consisting of a Robertson-Walker background, which undergoes a quasi-de-Sitter expansion, minimally coupled to a free massive quantum scalar field. The technique based on the Einstein-Langevin equation can, however, deal naturally with the perturbations of the scalar field even beyond the linear approximation, as is actually required in inflationary models which are not driven by an inflaton field such as Starobinsky's trace-anomaly driven inflation or when calculating corrections due to non-linear quantum effects in the usual inflaton driven models.
gr-qc
in inflationary cosmological models driven by an inflaton field the origin of the primordial inhomogeneities which are responsible for large scale structure formation are the quantum fluctuations of the inflaton field these are usually computed using the standard theory of cosmological perturbations where both the gravitational and the inflaton fields are linearly perturbed and quantized the correlation functions for the primordial metric fluctuations and their power spectrum are then computed here we introduce an alternative procedure for computing the metric correlations based on the einsteinlangevin equation which emerges in the framework of stochastic semiclassical gravity we show that the correlation functions for the metric perturbations that follow from the einsteinlangevin formalism coincide with those obtained with the usual quantization procedures when the scalar field perturbations are linearized this method is explicitly applied to a simple model of chaotic inflation consisting of a robertsonwalker background which undergoes a quasidesitter expansion minimally coupled to a free massive quantum scalar field the technique based on the einsteinlangevin equation can however deal naturally with the perturbations of the scalar field even beyond the linear approximation as is actually required in inflationary models which are not driven by an inflaton field such as starobinskys traceanomaly driven inflation or when calculating corrections due to nonlinear quantum effects in the usual inflaton driven models
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709.1941
Speeding up Simplification of Polygonal Curves using Nested Approximations
We develop a multiresolution approach to the problem of polygonal curve approximation. We show theoretically and experimentally that, if the simplification algorithm A used between any two successive levels of resolution satisfies some conditions, the multiresolution algorithm MR will have a complexity lower than the complexity of A. In particular, we show that if A has a O(N2/K) complexity (the complexity of a reduced search dynamic solution approach), where N and K are respectively the initial and the final number of segments, the complexity of MR is in O(N).We experimentally compare the outcomes of MR with those of the optimal "full search" dynamic programming solution and of classical merge and split approaches. The experimental evaluations confirm the theoretical derivations and show that the proposed approach evaluated on 2D coastal maps either shows a lower complexity or provides polygonal approximations closer to the initial curves.
cs.CG
we develop a multiresolution approach to the problem of polygonal curve approximation we show theoretically and experimentally that if the simplification algorithm a used between any two successive levels of resolution satisfies some conditions the multiresolution algorithm mr will have a complexity lower than the complexity of a in particular we show that if a has a on2k complexity the complexity of a reduced search dynamic solution approach where n and k are respectively the initial and the final number of segments the complexity of mr is in onwe experimentally compare the outcomes of mr with those of the optimal full search dynamic programming solution and of classical merge and split approaches the experimental evaluations confirm the theoretical derivations and show that the proposed approach evaluated on 2d coastal maps either shows a lower complexity or provides polygonal approximations closer to the initial curves
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709.1942
Connecting Polygonizations via Stretches and Twangs
We show that the space of polygonizations of a fixed planar point set S of n points is connected by O(n^2) ``moves'' between simple polygons. Each move is composed of a sequence of atomic moves called ``stretches'' and ``twangs''. These atomic moves walk between weakly simple ``polygonal wraps'' of S. These moves show promise to serve as a basis for generating random polygons.
cs.CG cs.DM
we show that the space of polygonizations of a fixed planar point set s of n points is connected by on2 moves between simple polygons each move is composed of a sequence of atomic moves called stretches and twangs these atomic moves walk between weakly simple polygonal wraps of s these moves show promise to serve as a basis for generating random polygons
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709.1943
On the origin of complex stellar populations in star clusters
The existence of complex stellar populations in some star clusters challenges the understanding of star formation. E.g. the ONC or the sigma Orionis cluster host much older stars than the main bulk of the young stars. Massive star clusters (omega Cen, G1, M54) show metallicity spreads corresponding to different stellar populations with large age gaps. We show that (i) during star cluster formation field stars can be captured and (ii) very massive globular clusters can accrete gas from a long-term embedding inter stellar medium and restart star formation.
astro-ph
the existence of complex stellar populations in some star clusters challenges the understanding of star formation eg the onc or the sigma orionis cluster host much older stars than the main bulk of the young stars massive star clusters omega cen g1 m54 show metallicity spreads corresponding to different stellar populations with large age gaps we show that i during star cluster formation field stars can be captured and ii very massive globular clusters can accrete gas from a longterm embedding inter stellar medium and restart star formation
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709.1944
Estimation of Primordial Spectrum with post-WMAP 3 year data
In this paper we implement an improved (error sensitive) Richardson-Lucy deconvolution algorithm on the measured angular power spectrum from the WMAP 3 year data to determine the primordial power spectrum assuming different points in the cosmological parameter space for a flat LCDM cosmological model. We also present the preliminary results of the cosmological parameter estimation by assuming a free form of the primordial spectrum, for a reasonably large volume of the parameter space. The recovered spectrum for a considerably large number of the points in the cosmological parameter space has a likelihood far better than a `best fit' power law spectrum up to \Delta \chi^2_{eff} \approx -30. We use Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) for smoothing the raw recovered spectrum from the binned data. The results obtained here reconfirm and sharpen the conclusion drawn from our previous analysis of the WMAP 1st year data. A sharp cut off around the horizon scale and a bump after the horizon scale seem to be a common feature for all of these reconstructed primordial spectra. We have shown that although the WMAP 3 year data prefers a lower value of matter density for a power law form of the primordial spectrum, for a free form of the spectrum, we can get a very good likelihood to the data for higher values of matter density. We have also shown that even a flat CDM model, allowing a free form of the primordial spectrum, can give a very high likelihood fit to the data. Theoretical interpretation of the results is open to the cosmology community. However, this work provides strong evidence that the data retains discriminatory power in the cosmological parameter space even when there is full freedom in choosing the primordial spectrum.
astro-ph gr-qc hep-th
in this paper we implement an improved error sensitive richardsonlucy deconvolution algorithm on the measured angular power spectrum from the wmap 3 year data to determine the primordial power spectrum assuming different points in the cosmological parameter space for a flat lcdm cosmological model we also present the preliminary results of the cosmological parameter estimation by assuming a free form of the primordial spectrum for a reasonably large volume of the parameter space the recovered spectrum for a considerably large number of the points in the cosmological parameter space has a likelihood far better than a best fit power law spectrum up to delta chi2_eff approx 30 we use discrete wavelet transform dwt for smoothing the raw recovered spectrum from the binned data the results obtained here reconfirm and sharpen the conclusion drawn from our previous analysis of the wmap 1st year data a sharp cut off around the horizon scale and a bump after the horizon scale seem to be a common feature for all of these reconstructed primordial spectra we have shown that although the wmap 3 year data prefers a lower value of matter density for a power law form of the primordial spectrum for a free form of the spectrum we can get a very good likelihood to the data for higher values of matter density we have also shown that even a flat cdm model allowing a free form of the primordial spectrum can give a very high likelihood fit to the data theoretical interpretation of the results is open to the cosmology community however this work provides strong evidence that the data retains discriminatory power in the cosmological parameter space even when there is full freedom in choosing the primordial spectrum
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709.1945
Re-born fireballs in Gamma-Ray Bursts
We consider the interaction between a relativistic fireball and material assumed to be still located just outside the progenitor star. Only a small fraction of the expected mass is sufficient to efficiently decelerate the fireball, leading to dissipation of most of its kinetic energy. Since the scattering optical depths are still large at distances comparable to the progenitor radius, the dissipated energy is trapped in the system, accelerating it to relativistic velocities. The process resembles the birth of another fireball at radii R~1e11 cm, not far from the transparency radius, and with a starting bulk Lorentz factors Gamma_c~10. As seen in the observer frame, this "re--generated" fireball appears collimated within an angle theta_j=1/Gamma_c. If the central engine works intermittently, the funnel can, at least partially, refill and the process can repeat itself. We discuss how this idea can help solving some open issues of the more conventional internal shock scenario for interpreting the Gamma-Ray Burst properties.
astro-ph
we consider the interaction between a relativistic fireball and material assumed to be still located just outside the progenitor star only a small fraction of the expected mass is sufficient to efficiently decelerate the fireball leading to dissipation of most of its kinetic energy since the scattering optical depths are still large at distances comparable to the progenitor radius the dissipated energy is trapped in the system accelerating it to relativistic velocities the process resembles the birth of another fireball at radii r1e11 cm not far from the transparency radius and with a starting bulk lorentz factors gamma_c10 as seen in the observer frame this regenerated fireball appears collimated within an angle theta_j1gamma_c if the central engine works intermittently the funnel can at least partially refill and the process can repeat itself we discuss how this idea can help solving some open issues of the more conventional internal shock scenario for interpreting the gammaray burst properties
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709.1946
Cross sections and beam asymmetries for $\vev{e}p \to en\pi^+$ in the nucleon resonance region for $1.7 \le Q^2 \le 4.5 (GeV)^2$
The exclusive electroproduction process $\vec{e}p \to e^\prime n \pi^+$ was measured in the range of the photon virtuality $Q^2 = 1.7 - 4.5 \rm{GeV^2}$, and the invariant mass range for the $n\pi^+$ system of $W = 1.15 - 1.7 \rm{GeV}$ using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer. For the first time, these kinematics are probed in exclusive $\pi^+$ production from protons with nearly full coverage in the azimuthal and polar angles of the $n\pi^+$ center-of-mass system. The $n\pi^+$ channel has particular sensitivity to the isospin 1/2 excited nucleon states, and together with the $p\pi^0$ final state will serve to determine the transition form factors of a large number of resonances. The largest discrepancy between these results and present modes was seen in the $\sigma_{LT'}$ structure function. In this experiment, 31,295 cross section and 4,184 asymmetry data points were measured. Because of the large volume of data, only a reduced set of structure functions and Legendre polynomial moments can be presented that are obtained in model-independent fits to the differential cross sections.
nucl-ex hep-ex hep-ph nucl-th
the exclusive electroproduction process vecep to eprime n pi was measured in the range of the photon virtuality q2 17 45 rmgev2 and the invariant mass range for the npi system of w 115 17 rmgev using the cebaf large acceptance spectrometer for the first time these kinematics are probed in exclusive pi production from protons with nearly full coverage in the azimuthal and polar angles of the npi centerofmass system the npi channel has particular sensitivity to the isospin 12 excited nucleon states and together with the ppi0 final state will serve to determine the transition form factors of a large number of resonances the largest discrepancy between these results and present modes was seen in the sigma_lt structure function in this experiment 31295 cross section and 4184 asymmetry data points were measured because of the large volume of data only a reduced set of structure functions and legendre polynomial moments can be presented that are obtained in modelindependent fits to the differential cross sections
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709.1947
Extreme Synergy in a Retinal Code: Spatiotemporal Correlations Enable Rapid Image Reconstruction
Over the brief time intervals available for processing retinal output, roughly 50 to 300 msec, the number of extra spikes generated by individual ganglion cells can be quite variable. Here, computer-generated spike trains were used to investigate how signal/noise might be improved by utilizing spatiotemporal correlations among retinal neurons responding to large, contiguous stimuli. Realistic correlations were produced by modulating the instantaneous firing probabilities of all stimulated neurons by a common oscillatory input whose amplitude and temporal structure were consistent with experimentally measured field potentials and correlograms. Whereas previous studies have typically measured synergy between pairs of ganglion cells examined one at a time, or alternatively have employed optimized linear filters to decode activity across larger populations, the present study investigated a distributed, non-linear encoding strategy by using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to reconstruct simple visual stimuli from up to one million oscillatory pairwise correlations extracted on single trials from massively-parallel spike trains as short as 25 msec in duration. By integrating signals across retinal neighborhoods commensurate in size to classical antagonistic surrounds, the first principal component of the pairwise correlation matrix yielded dramatic improvements in signal/noise without sacrificing fine spatial detail. These results demonstrate how local intensity information can distributed across hundreds of neurons linked by a common, stimulus-dependent oscillatory modulation, a strategy that might have evolved to minimize the number of spikes required to support rapid image reconstruction.
q-bio.NC
over the brief time intervals available for processing retinal output roughly 50 to 300 msec the number of extra spikes generated by individual ganglion cells can be quite variable here computergenerated spike trains were used to investigate how signalnoise might be improved by utilizing spatiotemporal correlations among retinal neurons responding to large contiguous stimuli realistic correlations were produced by modulating the instantaneous firing probabilities of all stimulated neurons by a common oscillatory input whose amplitude and temporal structure were consistent with experimentally measured field potentials and correlograms whereas previous studies have typically measured synergy between pairs of ganglion cells examined one at a time or alternatively have employed optimized linear filters to decode activity across larger populations the present study investigated a distributed nonlinear encoding strategy by using principal components analysis pca to reconstruct simple visual stimuli from up to one million oscillatory pairwise correlations extracted on single trials from massivelyparallel spike trains as short as 25 msec in duration by integrating signals across retinal neighborhoods commensurate in size to classical antagonistic surrounds the first principal component of the pairwise correlation matrix yielded dramatic improvements in signalnoise without sacrificing fine spatial detail these results demonstrate how local intensity information can distributed across hundreds of neurons linked by a common stimulusdependent oscillatory modulation a strategy that might have evolved to minimize the number of spikes required to support rapid image reconstruction
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709.1948
Information theoretic approach to interactive learning
The principles of statistical mechanics and information theory play an important role in learning and have inspired both theory and the design of numerous machine learning algorithms. The new aspect in this paper is a focus on integrating feedback from the learner. A quantitative approach to interactive learning and adaptive behavior is proposed, integrating model- and decision-making into one theoretical framework. This paper follows simple principles by requiring that the observer's world model and action policy should result in maximal predictive power at minimal complexity. Classes of optimal action policies and of optimal models are derived from an objective function that reflects this trade-off between prediction and complexity. The resulting optimal models then summarize, at different levels of abstraction, the process's causal organization in the presence of the learner's actions. A fundamental consequence of the proposed principle is that the learner's optimal action policies balance exploration and control as an emerging property. Interestingly, the explorative component is present in the absence of policy randomness, i.e. in the optimal deterministic behavior. This is a direct result of requiring maximal predictive power in the presence of feedback.
physics.data-an physics.bio-ph
the principles of statistical mechanics and information theory play an important role in learning and have inspired both theory and the design of numerous machine learning algorithms the new aspect in this paper is a focus on integrating feedback from the learner a quantitative approach to interactive learning and adaptive behavior is proposed integrating model and decisionmaking into one theoretical framework this paper follows simple principles by requiring that the observers world model and action policy should result in maximal predictive power at minimal complexity classes of optimal action policies and of optimal models are derived from an objective function that reflects this tradeoff between prediction and complexity the resulting optimal models then summarize at different levels of abstraction the processs causal organization in the presence of the learners actions a fundamental consequence of the proposed principle is that the learners optimal action policies balance exploration and control as an emerging property interestingly the explorative component is present in the absence of policy randomness ie in the optimal deterministic behavior this is a direct result of requiring maximal predictive power in the presence of feedback
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709.1949
Constructing Textures in Extended Quark-Lepton Complementarity
We systematically construct an extensive list of realistic mass matrix textures for leptons. For this set of matrices, we discuss the parameter space, and illustrate how these textures could be generated in explicit models from flavor symmetries.
hep-ph
we systematically construct an extensive list of realistic mass matrix textures for leptons for this set of matrices we discuss the parameter space and illustrate how these textures could be generated in explicit models from flavor symmetries
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709.195
The XMM-LSS survey: the Class 1 cluster sample over the initial 5 square degrees and its cosmological modelling
We present a sample of 29 galaxy clusters from the XMM-LSS survey over an area of some 5deg2 out to a redshift of z=1.05. The sample clusters, which represent about half of the X-ray clusters identified in the region, follow well defined X-ray selection criteria and are all spectroscopically confirmed. For all clusters, we provide X-ray luminosities and temperatures as well as masses. The cluster distribution peaks around z=0.3 and T =1.5 keV, half of the objects being groups with a temperature below 2 keV. Our L-T(z) relation points toward self-similar evolution, but does not exclude other physically plausible models. Assuming that cluster scaling laws follow self-similar evolution, our number density estimates up to z=1 are compatible with the predictions of the concordance cosmology and with the findings of previous ROSAT surveys. Our well monitored selection function allowed us to demonstrate that the inclusion of selection effects is essential for the correct determination of the evolution of the L-T relation, which may explain the contradictory results from previous studies. Extensive simulations show that extending the survey area to 10deg2 has the potential to exclude the non-evolution hypothesis, but that constraints on more refined ICM models will probably be limited by the large intrinsic dispersion of the L-T relation. We further demonstrate that increasing the dispersion in the scaling laws increases the number of detectable clusters, hence generating further degeneracy [in addition to sigma8, Omega_m, L(M,z) and T(M,z)] in the cosmological interpretation of the cluster number counts. We provide useful empirical formulae for the cluster mass-flux and mass-count-rate relations as well as a comparison between the XMM-LSS mass sensitivity and that of forthcoming SZ surveys.
astro-ph
we present a sample of 29 galaxy clusters from the xmmlss survey over an area of some 5deg2 out to a redshift of z105 the sample clusters which represent about half of the xray clusters identified in the region follow well defined xray selection criteria and are all spectroscopically confirmed for all clusters we provide xray luminosities and temperatures as well as masses the cluster distribution peaks around z03 and t 15 kev half of the objects being groups with a temperature below 2 kev our ltz relation points toward selfsimilar evolution but does not exclude other physically plausible models assuming that cluster scaling laws follow selfsimilar evolution our number density estimates up to z1 are compatible with the predictions of the concordance cosmology and with the findings of previous rosat surveys our well monitored selection function allowed us to demonstrate that the inclusion of selection effects is essential for the correct determination of the evolution of the lt relation which may explain the contradictory results from previous studies extensive simulations show that extending the survey area to 10deg2 has the potential to exclude the nonevolution hypothesis but that constraints on more refined icm models will probably be limited by the large intrinsic dispersion of the lt relation we further demonstrate that increasing the dispersion in the scaling laws increases the number of detectable clusters hence generating further degeneracy in addition to sigma8 omega_m lmz and tmz in the cosmological interpretation of the cluster number counts we provide useful empirical formulae for the cluster massflux and masscountrate relations as well as a comparison between the xmmlss mass sensitivity and that of forthcoming sz surveys
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709.1951
Off-center impurity in alkali halides: reorientation, electric polarization and pairing to F center. I. Basic equations
Extending earlier work on a vibronic theory of the FA centers in alkali halides, the reorientation is now considered of an off-center Li+ impurity, either isolated or near an F center. We derive analytically periodic potential energy barriers between metastable reorientational off-center sites, the barriers hindering the impurity rotation around the normal lattice site. Applying to a specific model, electron-vibrational mode coupling constants are calculated up to 3rd order of the expansion of the coupling energy in the T1u mode coordinates. The 3rd order coupling brings about additional renormalization of the reorientation controlling vibrational frequency.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.other
extending earlier work on a vibronic theory of the fa centers in alkali halides the reorientation is now considered of an offcenter li impurity either isolated or near an f center we derive analytically periodic potential energy barriers between metastable reorientational offcenter sites the barriers hindering the impurity rotation around the normal lattice site applying to a specific model electronvibrational mode coupling constants are calculated up to 3rd order of the expansion of the coupling energy in the t1u mode coordinates the 3rd order coupling brings about additional renormalization of the reorientation controlling vibrational frequency
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709.1952
Rapid roll Inflation with Conformal Coupling
Usual inflation is realized with a slow rolling scalar field minimally coupled to gravity. In contrast, we consider dynamics of a scalar with a flat effective potential, conformally coupled to gravity. Surprisingly, it contains an attractor inflationary solution with the rapidly rolling inflaton field. We discuss models with the conformal inflaton with a flat potential (including hybrid inflation). There is no generation of cosmological fluctuations from the conformally coupled inflaton. We consider realizations of modulated (inhomogeneous reheating) or curvaton cosmological fluctuations in these models. We also implement these unusual features for the popular string-theoretic warped inflationary scenario, based on the interacting D3-anti D3 branes. The original warped brane inflation suffers a large inflaton mass due to conformal coupling to 4-dimensional gravity. Instead of considering this as a problem and trying to cure it with extra engineering, we show that warped inflation with the conformally coupled, rapidly rolling inflaton is yet possible with N=37 efoldings, which requires low energy scales 1-100 TeV of inflation. Coincidentally, the same warping numerology can be responsible for the hierarchy. It is shown that the scalars associated with angular isometries of the warped geometry of compact manifold (e.g. S^3 of KS geometry) have solutions identical to conformally coupled modes and also cannot be responsible for cosmological fluctuations. We discuss other possibilities.
hep-th astro-ph gr-qc hep-ph
usual inflation is realized with a slow rolling scalar field minimally coupled to gravity in contrast we consider dynamics of a scalar with a flat effective potential conformally coupled to gravity surprisingly it contains an attractor inflationary solution with the rapidly rolling inflaton field we discuss models with the conformal inflaton with a flat potential including hybrid inflation there is no generation of cosmological fluctuations from the conformally coupled inflaton we consider realizations of modulated inhomogeneous reheating or curvaton cosmological fluctuations in these models we also implement these unusual features for the popular stringtheoretic warped inflationary scenario based on the interacting d3anti d3 branes the original warped brane inflation suffers a large inflaton mass due to conformal coupling to 4dimensional gravity instead of considering this as a problem and trying to cure it with extra engineering we show that warped inflation with the conformally coupled rapidly rolling inflaton is yet possible with n37 efoldings which requires low energy scales 1100 tev of inflation coincidentally the same warping numerology can be responsible for the hierarchy it is shown that the scalars associated with angular isometries of the warped geometry of compact manifold eg s3 of ks geometry have solutions identical to conformally coupled modes and also cannot be responsible for cosmological fluctuations we discuss other possibilities
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709.1953
Charge-transfer photodissociation of adsorbed molecules via electron image states
The 248nm and 193nm photodissociation of submonolayer quantities of CH$_3$Br and CH$_3$I adsorbed on thin layers of n-hexane indicate that the dissociation is caused by dissociative electron attachment from sub-vacuum level photoelectrons created in the copper substrate. The characteristics of this photodissociation-- translation energy distributions and coverage dependences show that the dissociation is mediated by an image potential state which temporarily traps the photoelectrons near the n-hexane--vacuum interface, and then the charge transfers from this image state to the affinity level of a co-adsorbed halomethane which then dissociates.
physics.chem-ph
the 248nm and 193nm photodissociation of submonolayer quantities of ch_3br and ch_3i adsorbed on thin layers of nhexane indicate that the dissociation is caused by dissociative electron attachment from subvacuum level photoelectrons created in the copper substrate the characteristics of this photodissociation translation energy distributions and coverage dependences show that the dissociation is mediated by an image potential state which temporarily traps the photoelectrons near the nhexanevacuum interface and then the charge transfers from this image state to the affinity level of a coadsorbed halomethane which then dissociates
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709.1954
Bessel potentials and optimal Hardy and Hardy-Rellich inequalities
We give necessary and sufficient conditions on a pair of positive radial functions V and W on a ball B of radius R in R^n,$n \geq 1$, so that the following inequalities hold for all $u \in C_{0}^{\infty}(B)$: $\int_{B}V(x)|\nabla u |^{2}dx \geq \int_{B} W(x)u^2dx$, and $\int_{B}V(x)|\Delta u |^{2}dx \geq \int_{B} W(x)|\nabla u|^{2}dx+(n-1)\int_{B}(\frac{V(x)}{|x|^2}-\frac{V_r(|x|)}{|x|})|\nabla u|^2dx$. This characterization makes a very useful connection between Hardy-type inequalities and the oscillatory behaviour of certain ordinary differential equations, and helps in the identification of a large number of such couples (V, W) - that we call Bessel pairs -as well as the best constants in the corresponding inequalities. This allows us to improve, extend, and unify many results -old and new- about Hardy and Hardy-Rellich type inequalities, such as those obtained by Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg, Brezis-Vazquez, Wang-Willem, Adimurthi-Chaudhuri-Ramaswamy, Filippas-Tertikas, Adimurthi-Grossi -Santra, Tertikas-Zographopoulos, and Blanchet-Bonforte-Dolbeault-Grillo-Vasquez.
math.AP
we give necessary and sufficient conditions on a pair of positive radial functions v and w on a ball b of radius r in rnn geq 1 so that the following inequalities hold for all u in c_0inftyb int_bvxnabla u 2dx geq int_b wxu2dx and int_bvxdelta u 2dx geq int_b wxnabla u2dxn1int_bfracvxx2fracv_rxxnabla u2dx this characterization makes a very useful connection between hardytype inequalities and the oscillatory behaviour of certain ordinary differential equations and helps in the identification of a large number of such couples v w that we call bessel pairs as well as the best constants in the corresponding inequalities this allows us to improve extend and unify many results old and new about hardy and hardyrellich type inequalities such as those obtained by caffarellikohnnirenberg brezisvazquez wangwillem adimurthichaudhuriramaswamy filippastertikas adimurthigrossi santra tertikaszographopoulos and blanchetbonfortedolbeaultgrillovasquez
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709.1955
Pion Polarizabilities and Volume Effects in Lattice QCD
We use chiral perturbation theory to study the extraction of pion electromagnetic polarizabilities from lattice QCD. Chiral extrapolation formulae are derived for partially quenched QCD, and quenched QCD simulations. On a torus, volume dependence of electromagnetic observables is complicated by SO(4) breaking, as well as photon zero-mode interactions. We determine finite volume corrections to the Compton scattering tensor of pions. We argue, however, that such results cannot be used to ascertain volume corrections to polarizabilities determined in lattice QCD with background field methods. Connection is lacking because momentum expansions are not permitted in finite volume. Our argument also applies to form factors. Volume effects for electromagnetic moments cannot be deduced from finite volume form factors.
hep-lat hep-ph nucl-th
we use chiral perturbation theory to study the extraction of pion electromagnetic polarizabilities from lattice qcd chiral extrapolation formulae are derived for partially quenched qcd and quenched qcd simulations on a torus volume dependence of electromagnetic observables is complicated by so4 breaking as well as photon zeromode interactions we determine finite volume corrections to the compton scattering tensor of pions we argue however that such results cannot be used to ascertain volume corrections to polarizabilities determined in lattice qcd with background field methods connection is lacking because momentum expansions are not permitted in finite volume our argument also applies to form factors volume effects for electromagnetic moments cannot be deduced from finite volume form factors
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709.1956
Symmetry breaking effects upon bipartite and multipartite entanglement in the XY model
We analyze the bipartite and multipartite entanglement for the ground state of the one-dimensional XY model in a transverse magnetic field in the thermodynamical limit. We explicitly take into account the spontaneous symmetry breaking in order to explore the relation between entanglement and quantum phase transitions. As a result we show that while both bipartite and multipartite entanglement can be enhanced by spontaneous symmetry breaking deep into the ferromagnetic phase, only the latter is affected by it in the vicinity of the critical point. This result adds to the evidence that multipartite, and not bipartite, entanglement is the fundamental indicator of long range correlations in quantum phase transitions.
quant-ph cond-mat.stat-mech
we analyze the bipartite and multipartite entanglement for the ground state of the onedimensional xy model in a transverse magnetic field in the thermodynamical limit we explicitly take into account the spontaneous symmetry breaking in order to explore the relation between entanglement and quantum phase transitions as a result we show that while both bipartite and multipartite entanglement can be enhanced by spontaneous symmetry breaking deep into the ferromagnetic phase only the latter is affected by it in the vicinity of the critical point this result adds to the evidence that multipartite and not bipartite entanglement is the fundamental indicator of long range correlations in quantum phase transitions
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709.1957
Symplectic embeddings of polydisks
If P is a polydisk with radii R_1 < ... < R_n and P' is a polydisk with radii R'_1 < ... < R'_n, then we construct a symplectic embedding from P into P' provided that C(n) R_1 < R'_1 and C(n) R_1 ... R_n < C(n) R'_1 ... R'_n. Up to a constant factor, these conditions are optimal.
math.SG
if p is a polydisk with radii r_1 r_n and p is a polydisk with radii r_1 r_n then we construct a symplectic embedding from p into p provided that cn r_1 r_1 and cn r_1 r_n cn r_1 r_n up to a constant factor these conditions are optimal
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709.1958
Bloch-Siegert shift for multiphoton resonances
Recently there has been theoretical and experimental interest in Bloch-Siegert shifts in an intense photon field. A perturbative treatment becomes difficult in this multiphoton regime. We present a unitary transform and rotated model, which allows us to get accurate results away from the level anticrossings. A simple variational energy estimate leads to a new expression for the dressed two-level system energy which is accurate, and useful over a wide range of the dimensionless coupling constant.
quant-ph
recently there has been theoretical and experimental interest in blochsiegert shifts in an intense photon field a perturbative treatment becomes difficult in this multiphoton regime we present a unitary transform and rotated model which allows us to get accurate results away from the level anticrossings a simple variational energy estimate leads to a new expression for the dressed twolevel system energy which is accurate and useful over a wide range of the dimensionless coupling constant
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709.1959
The use of genetic algorithm to model protoplanetary discs
The protoplanetary discs of T Tauri and Herbig Ae/Be stars have been studied by using geometric disc models to fit their spectral energy distribution (SED). The simulations provide means to reproduce the signatures of different circumstellar structures, which are related to different levels of infrared excess. Aiming to improve our previous model that assumed a simple flat disc configuration, in the present work we adopt a reprocessing flared disc model that considers hydrostatic, radiative equilibrium (Dullemond et al. 2001). We developed a method to optimise the parameters estimation based on genetic algorithms (GA). This paper is dedicated to describe the implementation of the new code, which has been applied for Herbig stars from the Pico dos Dias Survey catalogue, in order to illustrate the quality of the fitting for a variety of SED shapes. The star AB Aur was used as a test of the GA parameters estimation, demonstrating that the new code reproduces successfully a canonical example of the flared disc model. The GA method gives good quality of fittings, but the range of input parameters must be chosen with caution, since unrealistic disc parameters can be derived. The flared disc model is confirmed to fit the flattened SEDs typical from Herbig stars, however the embedded objects (increasing SED slope) and debris discs (steeper SED) are not well fitted with this configuration. Even considering the limitation of the derived parameters, the automatic process of SED fitting provides an interesting tool for the statistical analysis of the circumstellar luminosity of large samples of young stars.
astro-ph
the protoplanetary discs of t tauri and herbig aebe stars have been studied by using geometric disc models to fit their spectral energy distribution sed the simulations provide means to reproduce the signatures of different circumstellar structures which are related to different levels of infrared excess aiming to improve our previous model that assumed a simple flat disc configuration in the present work we adopt a reprocessing flared disc model that considers hydrostatic radiative equilibrium dullemond et al 2001 we developed a method to optimise the parameters estimation based on genetic algorithms ga this paper is dedicated to describe the implementation of the new code which has been applied for herbig stars from the pico dos dias survey catalogue in order to illustrate the quality of the fitting for a variety of sed shapes the star ab aur was used as a test of the ga parameters estimation demonstrating that the new code reproduces successfully a canonical example of the flared disc model the ga method gives good quality of fittings but the range of input parameters must be chosen with caution since unrealistic disc parameters can be derived the flared disc model is confirmed to fit the flattened seds typical from herbig stars however the embedded objects increasing sed slope and debris discs steeper sed are not well fitted with this configuration even considering the limitation of the derived parameters the automatic process of sed fitting provides an interesting tool for the statistical analysis of the circumstellar luminosity of large samples of young stars
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709.196
W-pair production in Unparticle Physics
We consider the $W$-pair production for both $e^+e^-$ and hadron colliders in the context of unparticle physics associated with the scale invariant sector proposed by Georgi. We have shown that the unparticle contributions are quite comparable with standard model (SM) specially for low values of non-integral scaling dimension $ (d_{\cal U}) $ and hence it is worthwhile to explore in future colliders.
hep-ph
we consider the wpair production for both ee and hadron colliders in the context of unparticle physics associated with the scale invariant sector proposed by georgi we have shown that the unparticle contributions are quite comparable with standard model sm specially for low values of nonintegral scaling dimension d_cal u and hence it is worthwhile to explore in future colliders
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709.1961
Level Splitting in Association with the Multiphoton Bloch-Siegert Shift
We present a unitary equivalent spin-boson Hamiltonian in which terms can be identified which contribute to the Bloch-Siegert shift, and to the level splittings at the anticrossings associated with the Bloch-Siegert resonances. First-order degenerate perturbation theory is used to develop approximate results in the case of moderate coupling for the level splitting.
quant-ph
we present a unitary equivalent spinboson hamiltonian in which terms can be identified which contribute to the blochsiegert shift and to the level splittings at the anticrossings associated with the blochsiegert resonances firstorder degenerate perturbation theory is used to develop approximate results in the case of moderate coupling for the level splitting
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709.1962
An investigation of the origin of soft X-ray excess emission from Narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies Akn564 and Mrk1044
We investigate the origin of the soft X-ray excess emission from narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies Akn564 and Mrk1044 using XMM-Newton observations. We find clear evidence for time delays between the soft and hard X-ray emission from Akn564 based on a 100ks long observation. The variations in the 4-10keV band lag behind that in the 0.2-0.5keV band by 1768+/-122s. The full band power density spectrum (PDS) of Akn~564 has a break at ~1.2e-3Hz with power-law indices of ~1 and ~3 below and above the break. The hard (3-10keV) band PDS is stronger and flatter than that in the soft (0.2-0.5keV) band. Based on a short observation of Mrk1044, we find no correlation between the 0.2-0.3keV and 5-10keV bands at zero lag. These observations imply that the soft excess is not the reprocessed hard X-ray emission. The high resolution spectrum of Akn564 obtained with the RGS shows evidence for a highly ionized and another weakly ionized warm absorber medium. The smeared wind and blurred ionized reflection models do not describe the pn data adequately. The spectrum is consistent with a complex model consisting of optically thick Comptonization in a cool plasma for the soft excess and a steep power-law, modified by two warm absorber media as inferred from the RGS data and the foreground Galactic absorption. The smeared wind and optically thick Comptonization models both describe the spectrum of Mrk1044 satisfactorily, but the ionized reflection model requires extreme parameters. The data suggest two component corona -- a cool, optically thick corona for the soft excess and a hot corona for the power-law component. The existence of a break in the soft band PDS suggests a compact cool corona that can either be an ionized surface of the inner disk or an inner optically thick region coupled to a truncated disk.
astro-ph
we investigate the origin of the soft xray excess emission from narrowline seyfert 1 galaxies akn564 and mrk1044 using xmmnewton observations we find clear evidence for time delays between the soft and hard xray emission from akn564 based on a 100ks long observation the variations in the 410kev band lag behind that in the 0205kev band by 1768122s the full band power density spectrum pds of akn564 has a break at 12e3hz with powerlaw indices of 1 and 3 below and above the break the hard 310kev band pds is stronger and flatter than that in the soft 0205kev band based on a short observation of mrk1044 we find no correlation between the 0203kev and 510kev bands at zero lag these observations imply that the soft excess is not the reprocessed hard xray emission the high resolution spectrum of akn564 obtained with the rgs shows evidence for a highly ionized and another weakly ionized warm absorber medium the smeared wind and blurred ionized reflection models do not describe the pn data adequately the spectrum is consistent with a complex model consisting of optically thick comptonization in a cool plasma for the soft excess and a steep powerlaw modified by two warm absorber media as inferred from the rgs data and the foreground galactic absorption the smeared wind and optically thick comptonization models both describe the spectrum of mrk1044 satisfactorily but the ionized reflection model requires extreme parameters the data suggest two component corona a cool optically thick corona for the soft excess and a hot corona for the powerlaw component the existence of a break in the soft band pds suggests a compact cool corona that can either be an ionized surface of the inner disk or an inner optically thick region coupled to a truncated disk
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709.1963
Double Coronal Hard and Soft X-ray Source Observed by RHESSI: Evidence for Magnetic Reconnection and Particle Acceleration in Solar Flares
We present data analysis and interpretation of an M1.4-class flare observed with the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) on April 30, 2002. This event, with its footpoints occulted by the solar limb, exhibits a rarely observed, but theoretically expected, double-source structure in the corona. The two coronal sources, observed over the 6-30 keV range, appear at different altitudes and show energy-dependent structures with the higher-energy emission being closer together. Spectral analysis implies that the emission at higher energies in the inner region between the two sources is mainly nonthermal, while the emission at lower energies in the outer region is primarily thermal. The two sources are both visible for about 12 minutes and have similar light curves and power-law spectra above about 20 keV. These observations suggest that the magnetic reconnection site lies between the two sources. Bi-directional outflows of the released energy in the form of turbulence and/or particles from the reconnection site can be the source of the observed radiation. The spatially resolved thermal emission below about 15 keV, on the other hand, indicates that the lower source has a larger emission measure but a lower temperature than the upper source. This is likely the result of the differences in the magnetic field and plasma density of the two sources.
astro-ph
we present data analysis and interpretation of an m14class flare observed with the reuven ramaty high energy solar spectroscopic imager rhessi on april 30 2002 this event with its footpoints occulted by the solar limb exhibits a rarely observed but theoretically expected doublesource structure in the corona the two coronal sources observed over the 630 kev range appear at different altitudes and show energydependent structures with the higherenergy emission being closer together spectral analysis implies that the emission at higher energies in the inner region between the two sources is mainly nonthermal while the emission at lower energies in the outer region is primarily thermal the two sources are both visible for about 12 minutes and have similar light curves and powerlaw spectra above about 20 kev these observations suggest that the magnetic reconnection site lies between the two sources bidirectional outflows of the released energy in the form of turbulence andor particles from the reconnection site can be the source of the observed radiation the spatially resolved thermal emission below about 15 kev on the other hand indicates that the lower source has a larger emission measure but a lower temperature than the upper source this is likely the result of the differences in the magnetic field and plasma density of the two sources
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709.1964
Globular Cluster Abundances from High-Resolution Integrated Light Spectra, I: 47 Tuc
We describe the detailed chemical abundance analysis of a high-resolution (R~35,000), integrated-light (IL), spectrum of the core of the Galactic globular cluster 47 Tuc, obtained using the du Pont echelle at Las Campanas. We develop an abundance analysis strategy that can be applied to spatial unresolved extra- galactic clusters. We have computed abundances for Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Y, Zr, Ba, La, Nd and Eu. For an analysis with the known color-magnitude diagram (cmd) for 47 Tuc we obtain a mean [Fe/H] value of -0.75 +/-0.026+/-0.045 dex (random and systematic error), in good agreement with the mean of 5 recent high resolution abundance studies, at -0.70 dex. Typical random errors on our mean [X/Fe] ratios are 0.07-0.10 dex, similar to studies of individual stars in 47 Tuc, although Na and Al appear enhanced, perhaps due to proton burning in the most luminous cluster stars. Our IL abundance analysis with an unknown cmd employed theoretical Teramo isochrones; however, we apply zero-point abundance corrections to account for the factor of 3 underprediction of stars at the AGB bump luminosity. While line diagnostics alone provide only mild constraints on the cluster age (ruling-out ages younger than ~2 Gyr), when theoretical IL B-V colors are combined with metallicity derived from the Fe I lines, the age is constrained to 10--15 Gyr and we obtain [Fe/H]=-0.70 +/-0.021 +/-0.052 dex. We find that Fe I line diagnostics may also be used to constrain the horizontal branch morphology of an unresolved cluster. Lastly, our spectrum synthesis of 5.4 million TiO lines indicates that the 7300-7600A TiO window should be useful for estimating the effect of M giants on the IL abundances, and important for clusters more metal-rich than 47 Tuc.
astro-ph
we describe the detailed chemical abundance analysis of a highresolution r35000 integratedlight il spectrum of the core of the galactic globular cluster 47 tuc obtained using the du pont echelle at las campanas we develop an abundance analysis strategy that can be applied to spatial unresolved extra galactic clusters we have computed abundances for na mg al si ca sc ti v cr mn fe co ni cu y zr ba la nd and eu for an analysis with the known colormagnitude diagram cmd for 47 tuc we obtain a mean feh value of 075 00260045 dex random and systematic error in good agreement with the mean of 5 recent high resolution abundance studies at 070 dex typical random errors on our mean xfe ratios are 007010 dex similar to studies of individual stars in 47 tuc although na and al appear enhanced perhaps due to proton burning in the most luminous cluster stars our il abundance analysis with an unknown cmd employed theoretical teramo isochrones however we apply zeropoint abundance corrections to account for the factor of 3 underprediction of stars at the agb bump luminosity while line diagnostics alone provide only mild constraints on the cluster age rulingout ages younger than 2 gyr when theoretical il bv colors are combined with metallicity derived from the fe i lines the age is constrained to 1015 gyr and we obtain feh070 0021 0052 dex we find that fe i line diagnostics may also be used to constrain the horizontal branch morphology of an unresolved cluster lastly our spectrum synthesis of 54 million tio lines indicates that the 73007600a tio window should be useful for estimating the effect of m giants on the il abundances and important for clusters more metalrich than 47 tuc
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709.1965
Natural extension of the Generalised Uncertainty Principle
We discuss a gedanken experiment for the simultaneous measurement of the position and momentum of a particle in de Sitter spacetime. We propose an extension of the so-called generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) which implies the existence of a minimum observable momentum. The new GUP is directly connected to the nonzero cosmological constant, which becomes a necessary ingredient for a more complete picture of the quantum spacetime.
gr-qc hep-th quant-ph
we discuss a gedanken experiment for the simultaneous measurement of the position and momentum of a particle in de sitter spacetime we propose an extension of the socalled generalized uncertainty principle gup which implies the existence of a minimum observable momentum the new gup is directly connected to the nonzero cosmological constant which becomes a necessary ingredient for a more complete picture of the quantum spacetime
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709.1966
The velocity distribution of SDSS satellites in MOND
The recent SDSS measured velocity distribution of satellite galaxies has been modelled in the context of MOND. We show that even when the extra constraint of adhering to the projected satellite number density profile is added, the two line of sight (los) velocity dispersion profiles presented in Klypin & Prada (2007) can be matched simply with a radially varying anisotropy. Interestingly, the anisotropies required to fit the los velocity dispersions are remarkably similar to the anisotropies generated by dissipationless collapse simulations in MOND. The mass-to-light ratios of the two host galaxies used are sensible and positivity of the distribution function is satisfied.
astro-ph
the recent sdss measured velocity distribution of satellite galaxies has been modelled in the context of mond we show that even when the extra constraint of adhering to the projected satellite number density profile is added the two line of sight los velocity dispersion profiles presented in klypin prada 2007 can be matched simply with a radially varying anisotropy interestingly the anisotropies required to fit the los velocity dispersions are remarkably similar to the anisotropies generated by dissipationless collapse simulations in mond the masstolight ratios of the two host galaxies used are sensible and positivity of the distribution function is satisfied
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709.1967
Enabling Rapid Development of Parallel Tree Search Applications
Virtual observatories will give astronomers easy access to an unprecedented amount of data. Extracting scientific knowledge from these data will increasingly demand both efficient algorithms as well as the power of parallel computers. Nearly all efficient analyses of large astronomical datasets use trees as their fundamental data structure. Writing efficient tree-based techniques, a task that is time-consuming even on single-processor computers, is exceedingly cumbersome on massively parallel platforms (MPPs). Most applications that run on MPPs are simulation codes, since the expense of developing them is offset by the fact that they will be used for many years by many researchers. In contrast, data analysis codes change far more rapidly, are often unique to individual researchers, and therefore accommodate little reuse. Consequently, the economics of the current high-performance computing development paradigm for MPPs does not favor data analysis applications. We have therefore built a library, called Ntropy, that provides a flexible, extensible, and easy-to-use way of developing tree-based data analysis algorithms for both serial and parallel platforms. Our experience has shown that not only does our library save development time, it can also deliver excellent serial performance and parallel scalability. Furthermore, Ntropy makes it easy for an astronomer with little or no parallel programming experience to quickly scale their application to a distributed multiprocessor environment. By minimizing development time for efficient and scalable data analysis, we enable wide-scale knowledge discovery on massive datasets.
astro-ph
virtual observatories will give astronomers easy access to an unprecedented amount of data extracting scientific knowledge from these data will increasingly demand both efficient algorithms as well as the power of parallel computers nearly all efficient analyses of large astronomical datasets use trees as their fundamental data structure writing efficient treebased techniques a task that is timeconsuming even on singleprocessor computers is exceedingly cumbersome on massively parallel platforms mpps most applications that run on mpps are simulation codes since the expense of developing them is offset by the fact that they will be used for many years by many researchers in contrast data analysis codes change far more rapidly are often unique to individual researchers and therefore accommodate little reuse consequently the economics of the current highperformance computing development paradigm for mpps does not favor data analysis applications we have therefore built a library called ntropy that provides a flexible extensible and easytouse way of developing treebased data analysis algorithms for both serial and parallel platforms our experience has shown that not only does our library save development time it can also deliver excellent serial performance and parallel scalability furthermore ntropy makes it easy for an astronomer with little or no parallel programming experience to quickly scale their application to a distributed multiprocessor environment by minimizing development time for efficient and scalable data analysis we enable widescale knowledge discovery on massive datasets
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709.1968
Apery limits and special values of L-functions
We describe a general method to determine the Apery limits of a differential equation that have a modular-function origin. As a by-product of our analysis, we discover a family of identities involving the special values of L-functions associated with modular forms. The proof of these identities is independent of differential equations and Apery limits.
math.NT
we describe a general method to determine the apery limits of a differential equation that have a modularfunction origin as a byproduct of our analysis we discover a family of identities involving the special values of lfunctions associated with modular forms the proof of these identities is independent of differential equations and apery limits
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709.1969
Time lags in Narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies and the origin of their soft excess emission
The origin of soft X-ray excess emission from type 1 active galactic nuclei has remained a major problem for the last two decades. It has not been possible to distinguish alternative models for the soft excess emission despite the excellent data quality provided by XMM-Newton and Chandra. Here we present observations of time lags between the soft and hard band X-ray emission and discuss the implications to the models for the soft excess. We also device a method to distinguish the models for the soft excess using Suzaku's broadband capability.
astro-ph
the origin of soft xray excess emission from type 1 active galactic nuclei has remained a major problem for the last two decades it has not been possible to distinguish alternative models for the soft excess emission despite the excellent data quality provided by xmmnewton and chandra here we present observations of time lags between the soft and hard band xray emission and discuss the implications to the models for the soft excess we also device a method to distinguish the models for the soft excess using suzakus broadband capability
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709.197
Some new directions in p-adic Hodge theory
We recall some basic constructions from p-adic Hodge theory, then describe some recent results in the subject. We chiefly discuss the notion of B-pairs, introduced recently by Berger, which provides a natural enlargement of the category of p-adic Galois representations. (This enlargement, in a different form, figures in recent work of Colmez, Bellaiche, and Chenevier on trianguline representations.) We also discuss results of Liu that indicate that the formalism of Galois cohomology, including Tate local duality, extends to B-pairs.
math.NT
we recall some basic constructions from padic hodge theory then describe some recent results in the subject we chiefly discuss the notion of bpairs introduced recently by berger which provides a natural enlargement of the category of padic galois representations this enlargement in a different form figures in recent work of colmez bellaiche and chenevier on trianguline representations we also discuss results of liu that indicate that the formalism of galois cohomology including tate local duality extends to bpairs
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709.1971
A combinatorial approach to functorial quantum sl(k) knot invariants
This paper contains a categorification of the sl(k) link invariant using parabolic singular blocks of category O. Our approach is intended to be as elementary as possible, providing combinatorial proofs of the main results of Sussan. We first construct an exact functor valued invariant of webs or 'special' trivalent graphs labelled with 1, 2, k-1, k satisfying the MOY relations. Afterwards we extend it to the sl(k)-invariant of links by passing to the derived categories. The approach using foams appears naturally in this context. More generally, we expect that our approach provides a representation theoretic interpretation of the sl(k)-homology, based on foams and the Kapustin-Lie formula. Conjecturally this implies that the Khovanov-Rozansky link homology is obtained from our invariant by restriction.
math.QA math.GT
this paper contains a categorification of the slk link invariant using parabolic singular blocks of category o our approach is intended to be as elementary as possible providing combinatorial proofs of the main results of sussan we first construct an exact functor valued invariant of webs or special trivalent graphs labelled with 1 2 k1 k satisfying the moy relations afterwards we extend it to the slkinvariant of links by passing to the derived categories the approach using foams appears naturally in this context more generally we expect that our approach provides a representation theoretic interpretation of the slkhomology based on foams and the kapustinlie formula conjecturally this implies that the khovanovrozansky link homology is obtained from our invariant by restriction
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709.1972
The Effect of the Interstellar Model on Star Formation Properties in Galactic Disks
We studied the effect of interstellar gas conditions on global galaxy simulations by considering three different models for the ISM. Our first model included only radiative cooling down to 300 K, our second model added an additional background heating term due to photoelectric heating, and our third model uses an isothermal equation of state with a temperature of 10^4 K and no explicit heating or cooling. Two common prescriptions for star formation are implemented in each case. The first is based on cosmological simulations with a low threshold for star formation but also a low efficiency. The second assumes stars form only in high density regions but with a higher efficiency. We also explore the effects of including feedback from type II supernovae. We find that the different ISM types produce marked differences in the structure of the disk and temperature phases present in the gas, although inclusion of feedback largely dominates these effects. In particular, size of the star-forming clumps was increased both by background heating and by enforcing an isothermal ISM. We also looked at the one dimensional profiles and found that a lognormal PDF provides a good fit for all our simulations over several orders of magnitude in density. Overall, despite noticeable structural differences, the star formation properties in the disk are largely insensitive to ISM type and agree reasonably well with observations.
astro-ph
we studied the effect of interstellar gas conditions on global galaxy simulations by considering three different models for the ism our first model included only radiative cooling down to 300 k our second model added an additional background heating term due to photoelectric heating and our third model uses an isothermal equation of state with a temperature of 104 k and no explicit heating or cooling two common prescriptions for star formation are implemented in each case the first is based on cosmological simulations with a low threshold for star formation but also a low efficiency the second assumes stars form only in high density regions but with a higher efficiency we also explore the effects of including feedback from type ii supernovae we find that the different ism types produce marked differences in the structure of the disk and temperature phases present in the gas although inclusion of feedback largely dominates these effects in particular size of the starforming clumps was increased both by background heating and by enforcing an isothermal ism we also looked at the one dimensional profiles and found that a lognormal pdf provides a good fit for all our simulations over several orders of magnitude in density overall despite noticeable structural differences the star formation properties in the disk are largely insensitive to ism type and agree reasonably well with observations
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709.1973
Density of states of helium droplets
Accurate analytical expressions for the state densities of liquid He-4 droplets are derived, incorporating the ripplon and phonon degrees of freedom. The microcanonical temperature and the ripplon angular momentum level density are also evaluated. The approach is based on inversions and systematic expansions of canonical thermodynamic properties.
physics.atm-clus cond-mat.stat-mech
accurate analytical expressions for the state densities of liquid he4 droplets are derived incorporating the ripplon and phonon degrees of freedom the microcanonical temperature and the ripplon angular momentum level density are also evaluated the approach is based on inversions and systematic expansions of canonical thermodynamic properties
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709.1974
Proper holomorphic mappings in the special class of Reinhardt domains
A complete characterization of proper holomorphic mappings between domains from the class of all pseudoconvex Reinhardt domains in $\C^2$ with the logarithmic image equal to a strip or a half-plane is given.
math.CV
a complete characterization of proper holomorphic mappings between domains from the class of all pseudoconvex reinhardt domains in c2 with the logarithmic image equal to a strip or a halfplane is given
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709.1975
Universal local parametrizations via heat kernels and eigenfunctions of the Laplacian
We use heat kernels or eigenfunctions of the Laplacian to construct local coordinates on large classes of Euclidean domains and Riemannian manifolds (not necessarily smooth, e.g. with $\mathcal{C}^\alpha$ metric). These coordinates are bi-Lipschitz on embedded balls of the domain or manifold, with distortion constants that depend only on natural geometric properties of the domain or manifold. The proof of these results relies on estimates, from above and below, for the heat kernel and its gradient, as well as for the eigenfunctions of the Laplacian and their gradient. These estimates hold in the non-smooth category, and are stable with respect to perturbations within this category. Finally, these coordinate systems are intrinsic and efficiently computable, and are of value in applications.
math.AP math.CA
we use heat kernels or eigenfunctions of the laplacian to construct local coordinates on large classes of euclidean domains and riemannian manifolds not necessarily smooth eg with mathcalcalpha metric these coordinates are bilipschitz on embedded balls of the domain or manifold with distortion constants that depend only on natural geometric properties of the domain or manifold the proof of these results relies on estimates from above and below for the heat kernel and its gradient as well as for the eigenfunctions of the laplacian and their gradient these estimates hold in the nonsmooth category and are stable with respect to perturbations within this category finally these coordinate systems are intrinsic and efficiently computable and are of value in applications
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709.1976
Fluctuations in Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics: Models, Mathematical Theory, Physical Mechanisms
The fluctuations in nonequilibrium systems are under intense theoretical and experimental investigation. Topical ``fluctuation relations'' describe symmetries of the statistical properties of certain observables, in a variety of models and phenomena. They have been derived in deterministic and, later, in stochastic frameworks. Other results first obtained for stochastic processes, and later considered in deterministic dynamics, describe the temporal evolution of fluctuations. The field has grown beyond expectation: research works and different perspectives are proposed at an ever faster pace. Indeed, understanding fluctuations is important for the emerging theory of nonequilibrium phenomena, as well as for applications, such as those of nanotechnological and biophysical interest. However, the links among the different approaches and the limitations of these approaches are not fully understood. We focus on these issues, providing: a) analysis of the theoretical models; b) discussion of the rigorous mathematical results; c) identification of the physical mechanisms underlying the validity of the theoretical predictions, for a wide range of phenomena.
cond-mat.stat-mech
the fluctuations in nonequilibrium systems are under intense theoretical and experimental investigation topical fluctuation relations describe symmetries of the statistical properties of certain observables in a variety of models and phenomena they have been derived in deterministic and later in stochastic frameworks other results first obtained for stochastic processes and later considered in deterministic dynamics describe the temporal evolution of fluctuations the field has grown beyond expectation research works and different perspectives are proposed at an ever faster pace indeed understanding fluctuations is important for the emerging theory of nonequilibrium phenomena as well as for applications such as those of nanotechnological and biophysical interest however the links among the different approaches and the limitations of these approaches are not fully understood we focus on these issues providing a analysis of the theoretical models b discussion of the rigorous mathematical results c identification of the physical mechanisms underlying the validity of the theoretical predictions for a wide range of phenomena
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709.1977
Factorial ratios, hypergeometric series, and a family of step functions
We give a complete classification of a certain family of step functions related to the Nyman--Beurling approach to the Riemann hypothesis and previously studied by V. I. Vasyunin. Equivalently, we completely describe when certain sequences of ratios of factorial products are always integral. Essentially, once certain observations are made, this comes down to an application of Beukers and Heckman's classification of the monodromy of the hypergeometric function nF_{n-1}. We also note applications to the classification of cyclic quotient singularities.
math.NT math.AG math.CO
we give a complete classification of a certain family of step functions related to the nymanbeurling approach to the riemann hypothesis and previously studied by v i vasyunin equivalently we completely describe when certain sequences of ratios of factorial products are always integral essentially once certain observations are made this comes down to an application of beukers and heckmans classification of the monodromy of the hypergeometric function nf_n1 we also note applications to the classification of cyclic quotient singularities
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709.1978
On proofs of certain combinatorial identities
In this paper we formulate combinatorial identities that give representation of positive integers as linear combination of even powers of 2 with binomial coefficients. We present side by side combinatorial as well as computer generated proofs using the Wilf-Zeilberger(WZ) method.
math.NT
in this paper we formulate combinatorial identities that give representation of positive integers as linear combination of even powers of 2 with binomial coefficients we present side by side combinatorial as well as computer generated proofs using the wilfzeilbergerwz method
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709.1979
K3 surfaces of finite height over finite fields
Arithmetic of K3 surfaces defined over finite fields is investigated. In particular, we show that any K3 surface of finite height over a finite field k of characteristic p > 3 has a quasi-canonical lifting to characteristic 0, and that for any such lifting, the endormorphism algebra of the transcendental cycles, as a Hodge module, is a CM field. The Tate conjecture for the product of certain two K3 surfaces is also proved. We illustrate by examples how to determine explicitly the formal Brauer group associated to a K3 surface over k. Examples discussed here are all of hypergeometric type.
math.AG
arithmetic of k3 surfaces defined over finite fields is investigated in particular we show that any k3 surface of finite height over a finite field k of characteristic p 3 has a quasicanonical lifting to characteristic 0 and that for any such lifting the endormorphism algebra of the transcendental cycles as a hodge module is a cm field the tate conjecture for the product of certain two k3 surfaces is also proved we illustrate by examples how to determine explicitly the formal brauer group associated to a k3 surface over k examples discussed here are all of hypergeometric type
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709.198
Probing Non-Standard Neutrino Interactions with Neutrino Factories
We discuss the sensitivity reach of a neutrino factory measurement to non-standard neutrino interactions (NSI), which may exist as a low-energy manifestation of physics beyond the Standard Model. We use the muon appearance mode \nu_e --> \nu_\mu and consider two detectors, one at 3000 km and the other at 7000 km. Assuming the effects of NSI at the production and the detection are negligible, we discuss the sensitivities to NSI and the simultaneous determination of \theta_{13} and \delta by examining the effects in the neutrino propagation of various systems in which two NSI parameters \epsilon_{\alpha \beta} are switched on. The sensitivities to off-diagonal \epsilon's are found to be excellent up to small values of \theta_{13}. We demonstrate that the two-detector setting is powerful enough to resolve the \theta_{13}-NSI confusion problem. We believe that the results obtained in this paper open the door to the possibility of using neutrino factory as a discovery machine for NSI while keeping its primary function of performing precision measurements of the lepton mixing parameters.
hep-ph hep-ex
we discuss the sensitivity reach of a neutrino factory measurement to nonstandard neutrino interactions nsi which may exist as a lowenergy manifestation of physics beyond the standard model we use the muon appearance mode nu_e nu_mu and consider two detectors one at 3000 km and the other at 7000 km assuming the effects of nsi at the production and the detection are negligible we discuss the sensitivities to nsi and the simultaneous determination of theta_13 and delta by examining the effects in the neutrino propagation of various systems in which two nsi parameters epsilon_alpha beta are switched on the sensitivities to offdiagonal epsilons are found to be excellent up to small values of theta_13 we demonstrate that the twodetector setting is powerful enough to resolve the theta_13nsi confusion problem we believe that the results obtained in this paper open the door to the possibility of using neutrino factory as a discovery machine for nsi while keeping its primary function of performing precision measurements of the lepton mixing parameters
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709.1981
Street-based Topological Representations and Analyses for Predicting Traffic Flow in GIS
It is well received in the space syntax community that traffic flow is significantly correlated to a morphological property of streets, which are represented by axial lines, forming a so called axial map. The correlation co-efficient (R square value) approaches 0.8 and even a higher value according to the space syntax literature. In this paper, we study the same issue using the Hong Kong street network and the Hong Kong Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) datasets, and find surprisingly that street-based topological representations (or street-street topologies) tend to be better representations than the axial map. In other words, vehicle flow is correlated to a morphological property of streets better than that of axial lines. Based on the finding, we suggest the street-based topological representations as an alternative GIS representation, and the topological analyses as a new analytical means for geographic knowledge discovery.
physics.data-an
it is well received in the space syntax community that traffic flow is significantly correlated to a morphological property of streets which are represented by axial lines forming a so called axial map the correlation coefficient r square value approaches 08 and even a higher value according to the space syntax literature in this paper we study the same issue using the hong kong street network and the hong kong annual average daily traffic aadt datasets and find surprisingly that streetbased topological representations or streetstreet topologies tend to be better representations than the axial map in other words vehicle flow is correlated to a morphological property of streets better than that of axial lines based on the finding we suggest the streetbased topological representations as an alternative gis representation and the topological analyses as a new analytical means for geographic knowledge discovery
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709.1982
Entanglement detection via condition of quantum correlation
We develop a novel necessary condition of quantum correlation. It is utilized to construct $d$-level bipartite Bell-type inequality which is strongly resistant to noise and requires only analyses of $O(d)$ measurement outcomes compared to the previous result $O(d^{2})$. Remarkably, a connection between the arbitrary high-dimensional bipartite Bell-type inequality and entanglement witnesses is found. Through the necessary condition of quantum correlation, we propose that the witness operators to detect truly multipartite entanglement for a generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state with two local measurement settings and a four-qubit singlet state with three settings. Moreover, we also propose the first robust entanglement witness to detect four-level tripartite GHZ state with only two local measurement settings.
quant-ph
we develop a novel necessary condition of quantum correlation it is utilized to construct dlevel bipartite belltype inequality which is strongly resistant to noise and requires only analyses of od measurement outcomes compared to the previous result od2 remarkably a connection between the arbitrary highdimensional bipartite belltype inequality and entanglement witnesses is found through the necessary condition of quantum correlation we propose that the witness operators to detect truly multipartite entanglement for a generalized greenbergerhornezeilinger ghz state with two local measurement settings and a fourqubit singlet state with three settings moreover we also propose the first robust entanglement witness to detect fourlevel tripartite ghz state with only two local measurement settings
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709.1983
Improvement on Parameters of Algebraic-Geometry Codes from Hermitian Curves
Motivated by Xing's method [7], we show that there exist [n,k,d] linear Hermitian codes over F_{q^2} with k+d>=n-3 for all sufficiently large q. This improves the asymptotic bound of Algebraic-Geometry codes from Hermitian curves given in [9,10].
math.AG
motivated by xings method 7 we show that there exist nkd linear hermitian codes over f_q2 with kdn3 for all sufficiently large q this improves the asymptotic bound of algebraicgeometry codes from hermitian curves given in 910
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709.1984
Constraints on light bending and reflection from the hard X-ray background
Light bending due to strong gravity has recently been invoked to explain variability and flux correlations between different bands in some accreting black holes. A characteristic feature of light bending is reflection-dominated spectra, especially if photon sources lie in the deepest parts of the gravitational potential within a few gravitational radii of the event horizon. We use the spectrum of the hard X-ray background in order to constrain the prevalence of such reflection-dominated sources. We first emphasize the need for reflection and explore the broad-band properties of realistic spectra that incorporate light bending. We then use these spectra, in conjunction with the observed 2-10 keV AGN distribution, evolutionary and obscuration functions in order to predict the hard X-ray background spectrum over 3-100 keV, and provide limits on the fraction of reflection-dominated objects, dependent on the height of the photon sources. Our results allow for a cosmologically-significant fraction of sources that incorporate strong light bending. The luminosity function based on intrinsic flare luminosities is derived and implications discussed. We discuss prospects for future hard X-ray missions such as NeXT and Simbol-X that can image such sources as well as confirm the precise spectral shape of the background near its peak, important for constraining the universal relevance of light bending.
astro-ph
light bending due to strong gravity has recently been invoked to explain variability and flux correlations between different bands in some accreting black holes a characteristic feature of light bending is reflectiondominated spectra especially if photon sources lie in the deepest parts of the gravitational potential within a few gravitational radii of the event horizon we use the spectrum of the hard xray background in order to constrain the prevalence of such reflectiondominated sources we first emphasize the need for reflection and explore the broadband properties of realistic spectra that incorporate light bending we then use these spectra in conjunction with the observed 210 kev agn distribution evolutionary and obscuration functions in order to predict the hard xray background spectrum over 3100 kev and provide limits on the fraction of reflectiondominated objects dependent on the height of the photon sources our results allow for a cosmologicallysignificant fraction of sources that incorporate strong light bending the luminosity function based on intrinsic flare luminosities is derived and implications discussed we discuss prospects for future hard xray missions such as next and simbolx that can image such sources as well as confirm the precise spectral shape of the background near its peak important for constraining the universal relevance of light bending
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709.1985
On Kummer type construction of supersingular K3 surfaces in characteristic 2
We show that every supersingular K3 surface in characteristic 2 with Artin invariant less than or equal to 2 is obtained by the Kummer type construction of Schroeer.
math.AG
we show that every supersingular k3 surface in characteristic 2 with artin invariant less than or equal to 2 is obtained by the kummer type construction of schroeer
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709.1986
Quantum phase transition using quantum walks in an optical lattice
We present an approach using quantum walks (QWs) to redistribute ultracold atoms in an optical lattice. Different density profiles of atoms can be obtained by exploiting the controllable properties of QWs, such as the variance and the probability distribution in position space using quantum coin parameters and engineered noise. The QW evolves the density profile of atoms in a superposition of position space resulting in a quadratic speedup of the process of quantum phase transition. We also discuss implementation in presently available setups of ultracold atoms in optical lattices.
quant-ph cond-mat.other physics.atom-ph
we present an approach using quantum walks qws to redistribute ultracold atoms in an optical lattice different density profiles of atoms can be obtained by exploiting the controllable properties of qws such as the variance and the probability distribution in position space using quantum coin parameters and engineered noise the qw evolves the density profile of atoms in a superposition of position space resulting in a quadratic speedup of the process of quantum phase transition we also discuss implementation in presently available setups of ultracold atoms in optical lattices
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709.1987
Conjugacy, roots, and centralizers in Thompson's group $F$
We complete the program begun by Brin and Squier of characterising conjugacy in Thompson's group $F$ using the standard action of $F$ as a group of piecewise linear homeomorphisms of the unit interval.
math.GR
we complete the program begun by brin and squier of characterising conjugacy in thompsons group f using the standard action of f as a group of piecewise linear homeomorphisms of the unit interval
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709.1988
Study of e+e- --> Lambda anti-Lambda, Lambda anti-Sigma0, Sigma0 anti-Sigma0 using Initial State Radiation with BABAR
We study the e+e- --> Lambda anti-Lambda gamma, Lambda anti-Sigma0 gamma, Sigma0 anti-Sigma0 gamma processes using 230 fb-1 of integrated luminosity collected by the BABAR detector at e+e- center-of-mass energy of 10.58 GeV. From the analysis of the baryon-antibaryon mass spectra the cross sections for e+e- --> Lambda anti-Lambda, Lambda anti-Sigma0, Sigma0 anti-Sigma0 are measured in the dibaryon mass range from threshold up to 3 GeV/c^2. The ratio of electric and magnetic form factors, |G_E/G_M|, is measured for e+e- --> Lambda anti-Lambda, and limits on the relative phase between Lambda form factors are obtained. We also measure the J/psi --> Lambda anti-Lambda, Sigma0 anti-Sigma0 and psi(2S) --> Lambda anti-Lambda branching fractions.
hep-ex
we study the ee lambda antilambda gamma lambda antisigma0 gamma sigma0 antisigma0 gamma processes using 230 fb1 of integrated luminosity collected by the babar detector at ee centerofmass energy of 1058 gev from the analysis of the baryonantibaryon mass spectra the cross sections for ee lambda antilambda lambda antisigma0 sigma0 antisigma0 are measured in the dibaryon mass range from threshold up to 3 gevc2 the ratio of electric and magnetic form factors g_eg_m is measured for ee lambda antilambda and limits on the relative phase between lambda form factors are obtained we also measure the jpsi lambda antilambda sigma0 antisigma0 and psi2s lambda antilambda branching fractions
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709.1989
Influence of Mg Deficiency on the Superconductivity in MgB2 Thin Films Grown by using HPCVD
The effects of Mg deficiency in MgB2 films grown by using hybrid physical-chemical vapor deposition were investigated after vacuum annealing at various temperatures. High-quality MgB2 films grown on c-cut Al2O3 substrates with different superconducting transition temperatures (Tc) of 40.2 and 41 K were used in this study. As the annealing temperature was increased from 200 to 800 C, the Mg contents in the MgB2 films systemically decreased, but the Tc's did not change, within 0.12 K, until the annealing temperature reached 700 C. For MgB2 films annealed at 800 C for 30 min, however, no superconductivity was observed, and the temperature dependence of the resistivity showed a semiconducting behavior. We also found that the residual resistivity ratio decreased with increasing annealing temperature.
cond-mat.supr-con
the effects of mg deficiency in mgb2 films grown by using hybrid physicalchemical vapor deposition were investigated after vacuum annealing at various temperatures highquality mgb2 films grown on ccut al2o3 substrates with different superconducting transition temperatures tc of 402 and 41 k were used in this study as the annealing temperature was increased from 200 to 800 c the mg contents in the mgb2 films systemically decreased but the tcs did not change within 012 k until the annealing temperature reached 700 c for mgb2 films annealed at 800 c for 30 min however no superconductivity was observed and the temperature dependence of the resistivity showed a semiconducting behavior we also found that the residual resistivity ratio decreased with increasing annealing temperature
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709.199
An ATCA 20cm Radio Continuum Study of the Large Magellanic Cloud
We present a mosaic image of the 1.4GHz radio continuum emission from the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) observed with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) and the Parkes Telescope. The mosaic covers 10.8 x 12.3 square degrees with an angular resolution of 40", corresponding to a spatial scale of 10pc in the LMC. The final image is suitable for studying emission on all scales between 40" and the surveyed area. In this paper, we discuss i) the characteristics of the LMC's diffuse and compact radio continuum emission, ii) the fraction of the emission produced by thermal processes and the implied star formation rate in the LMC, and iii) variations in the radio spectral index across the LMC. Two non-standard reduction techniques that we used to process the ATCA visibility data may be of interest for future wide-field radio continuum surveys. The data are open to the astronomical community and should be a rich resource for studies of individual objects such as supernova remnants, HII regions and planetary nebulae, as well as extended features such as the diffuse emission from synchrotron radiation.
astro-ph
we present a mosaic image of the 14ghz radio continuum emission from the large magellanic cloud lmc observed with the australia telescope compact array atca and the parkes telescope the mosaic covers 108 x 123 square degrees with an angular resolution of 40 corresponding to a spatial scale of 10pc in the lmc the final image is suitable for studying emission on all scales between 40 and the surveyed area in this paper we discuss i the characteristics of the lmcs diffuse and compact radio continuum emission ii the fraction of the emission produced by thermal processes and the implied star formation rate in the lmc and iii variations in the radio spectral index across the lmc two nonstandard reduction techniques that we used to process the atca visibility data may be of interest for future widefield radio continuum surveys the data are open to the astronomical community and should be a rich resource for studies of individual objects such as supernova remnants hii regions and planetary nebulae as well as extended features such as the diffuse emission from synchrotron radiation
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709.1991
Dephasing in a quantum dot coupled to a quantum point contact
We investigate a dephasing mechanism in a quantum dot capacitively coupled to a quantum point contact. We use a model which was proposed to explain the 0.7 structure in point contacts, based on the presence of a quasi-bound state in a point contact. The dephasing rate is examined in terms of charge fluctuations of electrons in the bound state. We address a recent experiment by Avinun-Kalish {\it et al.} [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 92}, 156801 (2004)], where a double peak structure appears in the suppressed conductance through the quantum dot. We show that the two conducting channels induced by the bound state are responsible for the peak structure.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we investigate a dephasing mechanism in a quantum dot capacitively coupled to a quantum point contact we use a model which was proposed to explain the 07 structure in point contacts based on the presence of a quasibound state in a point contact the dephasing rate is examined in terms of charge fluctuations of electrons in the bound state we address a recent experiment by avinunkalish it et al phys rev lett bf 92 156801 2004 where a double peak structure appears in the suppressed conductance through the quantum dot we show that the two conducting channels induced by the bound state are responsible for the peak structure
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709.1992
Microlensing Detections of Planets in Binary Stellar Systems
We demonstrate that microlensing can be used for detecting planets in binary stellar systems. This is possible because in the geometry of planetary binary systems where the planet orbits one of the binary component and the other binary star is located at a large distance, both planet and secondary companion produce perturbations at a common region around the planet-hosting binary star and thus the signatures of both planet and binary companion can be detected in the light curves of high-magnification lensing events. We find that identifying planets in binary systems is optimized when the secondary is located in a certain range which depends on the type of the planet. The proposed method can detect planets with masses down to one tenth of the Jupiter mass in binaries with separations <~ 100 AU. These ranges of planet mass and binary separation are not covered by other methods and thus microlensing would be able to make the planetary binary sample richer.
astro-ph
we demonstrate that microlensing can be used for detecting planets in binary stellar systems this is possible because in the geometry of planetary binary systems where the planet orbits one of the binary component and the other binary star is located at a large distance both planet and secondary companion produce perturbations at a common region around the planethosting binary star and thus the signatures of both planet and binary companion can be detected in the light curves of highmagnification lensing events we find that identifying planets in binary systems is optimized when the secondary is located in a certain range which depends on the type of the planet the proposed method can detect planets with masses down to one tenth of the jupiter mass in binaries with separations 100 au these ranges of planet mass and binary separation are not covered by other methods and thus microlensing would be able to make the planetary binary sample richer
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709.1993
The formation of young B/PS bulges in edge-on barred galaxies
We report about the fact that the stellar population that is born in the gas inflowing towards the central regions can be vertically unstable leading to a B/PS feature remarkably bluer that the surrounding bulge. Using new chemodynamical simulations we show that this young population does not remain as flat as the gaseous nuclear disc and buckles out of the plane to form a new boxy bulge. We show that such a young B/PS bulge can be detected in colour maps.
astro-ph
we report about the fact that the stellar population that is born in the gas inflowing towards the central regions can be vertically unstable leading to a bps feature remarkably bluer that the surrounding bulge using new chemodynamical simulations we show that this young population does not remain as flat as the gaseous nuclear disc and buckles out of the plane to form a new boxy bulge we show that such a young bps bulge can be detected in colour maps
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709.1994
Generalized solutions to nonlinear first order Cauchy problems
The recent significant enrichment of the Order Completion Method for nonlinear Systems of PDEs resulted in the global existence of generalized solutions to a large class of such equations. In this paper we investigate the existence and regularity of the generalized solutions to a family of nonlinear first order Cauchy problems. The spaces of generalized solutions are obtained as the completions of suitably constructed uniform convergence spaces.
math.AP math.GN
the recent significant enrichment of the order completion method for nonlinear systems of pdes resulted in the global existence of generalized solutions to a large class of such equations in this paper we investigate the existence and regularity of the generalized solutions to a family of nonlinear first order cauchy problems the spaces of generalized solutions are obtained as the completions of suitably constructed uniform convergence spaces
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709.1995
The Physics of Bodily Tides in Terrestrial Planets, and the Appropriate Scales of Dynamical Evolution
Any model of tides is based on a specific hypothesis of how lagging depends on the tidal-flexure frequency. For example, Gerstenkorn (1955), MacDonald (1964), and Kaula (1964) assumed constancy of the geometric lag angle, while Singer (1968) and Mignard (1979, 1980) asserted constancy of the time lag. Thus, each of these two models was based on a certain law of scaling of the geometric lag. The actual dependence of the geometric lag on the frequency is more complicated and is determined by the rheology of the planet. Besides, each particular functional form of this dependence will unambiguously fix the appropriate form of the frequency dependence of the tidal quality factor, Q. Since at present we know the shape of the dependence of Q upon the frequency, we can reverse our line of reasoning and single out the appropriate actual frequency-dependence of the angular lag. This dependence turns out to be different from those employed hitherto, and it entails considerable alterations in the time scales of the tide-generated dynamical evolution. Phobos' fall on Mars is an example we consider.
astro-ph physics.geo-ph
any model of tides is based on a specific hypothesis of how lagging depends on the tidalflexure frequency for example gerstenkorn 1955 macdonald 1964 and kaula 1964 assumed constancy of the geometric lag angle while singer 1968 and mignard 1979 1980 asserted constancy of the time lag thus each of these two models was based on a certain law of scaling of the geometric lag the actual dependence of the geometric lag on the frequency is more complicated and is determined by the rheology of the planet besides each particular functional form of this dependence will unambiguously fix the appropriate form of the frequency dependence of the tidal quality factor q since at present we know the shape of the dependence of q upon the frequency we can reverse our line of reasoning and single out the appropriate actual frequencydependence of the angular lag this dependence turns out to be different from those employed hitherto and it entails considerable alterations in the time scales of the tidegenerated dynamical evolution phobos fall on mars is an example we consider
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709.1996
$x-$dependence of the quark distribution functions in the $\chi$CQM$_{{\rm config}}$
Chiral constituent quark model with configuration mixing (\chiCQM_{{\rm config}}) is known to provide a satisfactory explanation of the ``proton spin problem'' and related issues. In order to enlarge the scope of \chiCQM_{{\rm config}}, we have attempted to phenomenologically incorporate x-dependence in the quark distribution functions. In particular, apart from calculating valence and sea quark distributions q_{{\rm val}}(x) and \bar q(x), we have carried out a detailed analysis to estimate the sea quark asymmetries \bar d(x)-\bar u(x), \bar d(x)/\bar u(x) and \frac{\bar d(x)-\bar u(x)}{u(x)-d(x)} as well as spin independent structure functions F_2^p(x)-F_2^n(x) and $F_2^n(x)/F_2^p(x)$ as functions of $x$. We are able to achieve a satisfactory fit for all the above mentioned quantities simultaneously. The inclusion of effects due to configuration mixing have also been examined in the case F_2^p(x)-F_2^n(x) and F_2^n(x)/F_2^p(x) where the valence quark distributions dominate and it is found that it leads to considerable improvement in the results. Further, the valence quark structure has also be tested by extrapolating the predictions of our model in the limit x \to 1 where data is not available.
hep-ph
chiral constituent quark model with configuration mixing chicqm_rm config is known to provide a satisfactory explanation of the proton spin problem and related issues in order to enlarge the scope of chicqm_rm config we have attempted to phenomenologically incorporate xdependence in the quark distribution functions in particular apart from calculating valence and sea quark distributions q_rm valx and bar qx we have carried out a detailed analysis to estimate the sea quark asymmetries bar dxbar ux bar dxbar ux and fracbar dxbar uxuxdx as well as spin independent structure functions f_2pxf_2nx and f_2nxf_2px as functions of x we are able to achieve a satisfactory fit for all the above mentioned quantities simultaneously the inclusion of effects due to configuration mixing have also been examined in the case f_2pxf_2nx and f_2nxf_2px where the valence quark distributions dominate and it is found that it leads to considerable improvement in the results further the valence quark structure has also be tested by extrapolating the predictions of our model in the limit x to 1 where data is not available
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709.1997
Convergent Iterative Solutions of Schroedinger Equation for a Generalized Double Well Potential
We present an explicit convergent iterative solution for the lowest energy state of the Schroedinger equation with a generalized double well potential $V=\frac{g^2}{2}(x^2-1)^2(x^2+a)$. The condition for the convergence of the iteration procedure and the dependence of the shape of the groundstate wave function on the parameter $a$ are discussed.
quant-ph
we present an explicit convergent iterative solution for the lowest energy state of the schroedinger equation with a generalized double well potential vfracg22x212x2a the condition for the convergence of the iteration procedure and the dependence of the shape of the groundstate wave function on the parameter a are discussed
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709.1998
A Boussinesq system for two-way propagation of interfacial waves
The theory of internal waves between two layers of immiscible fluids is important both for its applications in oceanography and engineering, and as a source of interesting mathematical model equations that exhibit nonlinearity and dispersion. A Boussinesq system for two-way propagation of interfacial waves in a rigid lid configuration is derived. In most cases, the nonlinearity is quadratic. However, when the square of the depth ratio is close to the density ratio, the coefficients of the quadratic nonlinearities become small and cubic nonlinearities must be considered. The propagation as well as the collision of solitary waves and/or fronts is studied numerically.
physics.class-ph
the theory of internal waves between two layers of immiscible fluids is important both for its applications in oceanography and engineering and as a source of interesting mathematical model equations that exhibit nonlinearity and dispersion a boussinesq system for twoway propagation of interfacial waves in a rigid lid configuration is derived in most cases the nonlinearity is quadratic however when the square of the depth ratio is close to the density ratio the coefficients of the quadratic nonlinearities become small and cubic nonlinearities must be considered the propagation as well as the collision of solitary waves andor fronts is studied numerically
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709.1999
An extension of Wick's theorem
We propose an extension of a result by Repetowicz et al. about Wick's theorem and its applications: we first show that Wick's theorem can be extended to the uniform distribution on the sphere and then to the whole class of elliptical distributions. Then, as a special case, we detail this result for distributions that are Gaussian scale mixtures. Finally, we show that these results allow to recover easily a theorem by Folland about integration of polynomials over the sphere.
cond-mat.stat-mech
we propose an extension of a result by repetowicz et al about wicks theorem and its applications we first show that wicks theorem can be extended to the uniform distribution on the sphere and then to the whole class of elliptical distributions then as a special case we detail this result for distributions that are gaussian scale mixtures finally we show that these results allow to recover easily a theorem by folland about integration of polynomials over the sphere
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709.2
The geometry of fractional osculator bundle of higher order and applications
Using the reviewed Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative we introduce the fractional osculator Lagrange space of k order and the main structures on it. The results are applied at the k order fractional prolongation of Lagrange, Finsler and Riemann fractional structures.
math.DG
using the reviewed riemannliouville fractional derivative we introduce the fractional osculator lagrange space of k order and the main structures on it the results are applied at the k order fractional prolongation of lagrange finsler and riemann fractional structures
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709.2001
Sign changes of coefficients of half integral weight modular forms
For a half integral weight modular form $f$ we study the signs of the Fourier coefficients $a(n)$. If $f$ is a Hecke eigenform of level $ N$ with real Nebentypus character, and $t$ is a fixed square-free positive integer with $a(t)\neq 0$, we show that for all but finitely many primes $p$ the sequence $(a(tp^{2m}))_{m}$ has infinitely many signs changes. Moreover, we prove similar (partly conditional) results for arbitrary cusp forms $f$ which are not necessarily Hecke eigenforms.
math.NT
for a half integral weight modular form f we study the signs of the fourier coefficients an if f is a hecke eigenform of level n with real nebentypus character and t is a fixed squarefree positive integer with atneq 0 we show that for all but finitely many primes p the sequence atp2m_m has infinitely many signs changes moreover we prove similar partly conditional results for arbitrary cusp forms f which are not necessarily hecke eigenforms
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709.2002
$SLE(\kappa,\rho)$ processes, hiding exponents and self-avoiding walks in a wedge
This article employs Schramm-Loewner Evolution to obtain intersection exponents for several chordal $SLE_{8/3}$ curves in a wedge. As $SLE_{8/3}$ is believed to describe the continuum limit of self-avoiding walks, these exponents correspond to those obtained by Cardy, Duplantier and Saleur for self-avoiding walks in an arbitrary wedge-shaped geometry using conformal invariance based arguments. Our approach builds on work by Werner, where the restriction property for $SLE(\kappa,\rho)$ processes and an absolute continuity relation allow the calculation of such exponents in the half-plane. Furthermore, the method by which these results are extended is general enough to apply to the new class of hiding exponents introduced by Werner.
math-ph math.MP
this article employs schrammloewner evolution to obtain intersection exponents for several chordal sle_83 curves in a wedge as sle_83 is believed to describe the continuum limit of selfavoiding walks these exponents correspond to those obtained by cardy duplantier and saleur for selfavoiding walks in an arbitrary wedgeshaped geometry using conformal invariance based arguments our approach builds on work by werner where the restriction property for slekapparho processes and an absolute continuity relation allow the calculation of such exponents in the halfplane furthermore the method by which these results are extended is general enough to apply to the new class of hiding exponents introduced by werner
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709.2003
On rate optimality for ill-posed inverse problems in econometrics
In this paper, we clarify the relations between the existing sets of regularity conditions for convergence rates of nonparametric indirect regression (NPIR) and nonparametric instrumental variables (NPIV) regression models. We establish minimax risk lower bounds in mean integrated squared error loss for the NPIR and the NPIV models under two basic regularity conditions that allow for both mildly ill-posed and severely ill-posed cases. We show that both a simple projection estimator for the NPIR model, and a sieve minimum distance estimator for the NPIV model, can achieve the minimax risk lower bounds, and are rate-optimal uniformly over a large class of structure functions, allowing for mildly ill-posed and severely ill-posed cases.
math.ST math.NA stat.AP stat.TH
in this paper we clarify the relations between the existing sets of regularity conditions for convergence rates of nonparametric indirect regression npir and nonparametric instrumental variables npiv regression models we establish minimax risk lower bounds in mean integrated squared error loss for the npir and the npiv models under two basic regularity conditions that allow for both mildly illposed and severely illposed cases we show that both a simple projection estimator for the npir model and a sieve minimum distance estimator for the npiv model can achieve the minimax risk lower bounds and are rateoptimal uniformly over a large class of structure functions allowing for mildly illposed and severely illposed cases
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709.2004
Bright Solitary-Matter-Wave Collisions in a Harmonic Trap: Regimes of Soliton-like Behaviour
Systems of solitary-waves in the 1D Gross-Pitaevskii equation, which models a trapped atomic Bose-Einstein condensate, are investigated theoretically. To analyse the soliton-like nature of these solitary-waves, a particle analogy for the solitary-waves is formulated. Exact soliton solutions exist in the absence of an external trapping potential, which behave in a particle-like manner, and we find the particle analogy we employ to be a good model also when a harmonic trapping potential is present. In the case of two solitons, the particle model is integrable, and the dynamics are completely regular. The extension to three particles supports chaotic regimes. The agreement between the particle model and the wave dynamics remains good even in chaotic regimes. In the case of a system of two solitary waves of equal norm, the solitons are shown to retain their phase difference for repeated collisions. This implies that soliton-like regimes may be found in 3D geometries where solitary waves can be made to repeatedly collide out of phase, stabilising the condensate against collapse.
cond-mat.other
systems of solitarywaves in the 1d grosspitaevskii equation which models a trapped atomic boseeinstein condensate are investigated theoretically to analyse the solitonlike nature of these solitarywaves a particle analogy for the solitarywaves is formulated exact soliton solutions exist in the absence of an external trapping potential which behave in a particlelike manner and we find the particle analogy we employ to be a good model also when a harmonic trapping potential is present in the case of two solitons the particle model is integrable and the dynamics are completely regular the extension to three particles supports chaotic regimes the agreement between the particle model and the wave dynamics remains good even in chaotic regimes in the case of a system of two solitary waves of equal norm the solitons are shown to retain their phase difference for repeated collisions this implies that solitonlike regimes may be found in 3d geometries where solitary waves can be made to repeatedly collide out of phase stabilising the condensate against collapse
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709.2005
Divergence of effective mass in 'Uncorrelated State Percolation' Model
We want to answer the question of whether the divergence in the effective mass in metal-insulator transition (MIT) in 2DEG is in the same universality class as percolation. We use a model to make Percolated state in 2D and then calculate the effective mass in a super-cell and the Bloch Theorem. It is seen that the effective mass, m*, scales as m*~(P-Pc)^a with a=1 and Pc being the (classical) percolation threshold.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we want to answer the question of whether the divergence in the effective mass in metalinsulator transition mit in 2deg is in the same universality class as percolation we use a model to make percolated state in 2d and then calculate the effective mass in a supercell and the bloch theorem it is seen that the effective mass m scales as mppca with a1 and pc being the classical percolation threshold
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709.2006
The role of rotation on Petersen Diagrams. II The influence of near-degeneracy
In the present work, the effect of near-degeneracy on rotational Petersen diagrams (RPD) is analysed. Seismic models are computed considering rotation effects on both equilibrium models and adiabatic oscillation frequencies (including second-order near-degeneracy effects). Contamination of coupled modes and coupling strength on the first radial modes are studied in detail. Analysis of relative intrinsic amplitudes of near-degenerate modes reveals that the identity of the fundamental radial mode and its coupled quadrupole pair are almost unaltered once near-degeneracy effects are considered. However, for the first overtone, a mixed radial/quadrupole identity is always predicted. The effect of near-degeneracy on the oscillation frequencies becomes critical for rotational velocities larger than 15-20 km/s, for which large wriggles in the evolution of the period ratios are obtained (up $10^{-2}$). Such wriggles imply uncertainties, in terms of metallicity determinations using RPD, reaching up to 0.50 dex, which can be critical for Pop. I HADS (High Amplitude \dss). In terms of mass determinations, uncertainties reaching up to 0.5 M_sun are predicted. The location of such wriggles is found to be independent of metallicity and rotational velocity, and governed mainly by the avoided-crossing phenomenon.
astro-ph
in the present work the effect of neardegeneracy on rotational petersen diagrams rpd is analysed seismic models are computed considering rotation effects on both equilibrium models and adiabatic oscillation frequencies including secondorder neardegeneracy effects contamination of coupled modes and coupling strength on the first radial modes are studied in detail analysis of relative intrinsic amplitudes of neardegenerate modes reveals that the identity of the fundamental radial mode and its coupled quadrupole pair are almost unaltered once neardegeneracy effects are considered however for the first overtone a mixed radialquadrupole identity is always predicted the effect of neardegeneracy on the oscillation frequencies becomes critical for rotational velocities larger than 1520 kms for which large wriggles in the evolution of the period ratios are obtained up 102 such wriggles imply uncertainties in terms of metallicity determinations using rpd reaching up to 050 dex which can be critical for pop i hads high amplitude dss in terms of mass determinations uncertainties reaching up to 05 m_sun are predicted the location of such wriggles is found to be independent of metallicity and rotational velocity and governed mainly by the avoidedcrossing phenomenon
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709.2007
Nonparametric estimation for L\'evy processes from low-frequency observations
We suppose that a L\'evy process is observed at discrete time points. A rather general construction of minimum-distance estimators is shown to give consistent estimators of the L\'evy-Khinchine characteristics as the number of observations tends to infinity, keeping the observation distance fixed. For a specific $C^2$-criterion this estimator is rate-optimal. The connection with deconvolution and inverse problems is explained. A key step in the proof is a uniform control on the deviations of the empirical characteristic function on the whole real line.
math.ST math.PR stat.ME stat.TH
we suppose that a levy process is observed at discrete time points a rather general construction of minimumdistance estimators is shown to give consistent estimators of the levykhinchine characteristics as the number of observations tends to infinity keeping the observation distance fixed for a specific c2criterion this estimator is rateoptimal the connection with deconvolution and inverse problems is explained a key step in the proof is a uniform control on the deviations of the empirical characteristic function on the whole real line
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709.2008
Continuity of the radius of convergence of p-adic differential equations on Berkovich analytic spaces
We consider a vector bundle with integrable connection (\cE,\na) on an analytic domain U in the generic fiber \cX_{\eta} of a smooth formal p-adic scheme \cX, in the sense of Berkovich. We define the \emph{diameter} \delta_{\cX}(\xi,U) of U at \xi\in U, the \emph{radius} \rho_{\cX}(\xi) of the point \xi\in\cX_{\eta}, the \emph{radius of convergence} of solutions of (\cE,\na) at \xi, R(\xi) = R_{\cX}(\xi, U,(\cE, \na)). We discuss (semi-) continuity of these functions with respect to the Berkovich topology. In particular, under we prove under certain assumptions that \delta_{\cX}(\xi,U), \rho_{\cX}(\xi) and R_{\xi}(U,\cE,\na) are upper semicontinuous functions of \xi; for Laurent domains in the affine space, \delta_{\cX}(-,U) is continuous. In the classical case of an affinoid domain U of the analytic affine line, R is a continuous function.
math.NT math.AG
we consider a vector bundle with integrable connection cena on an analytic domain u in the generic fiber cx_eta of a smooth formal padic scheme cx in the sense of berkovich we define the emphdiameter delta_cxxiu of u at xiin u the emphradius rho_cxxi of the point xiincx_eta the emphradius of convergence of solutions of cena at xi rxi r_cxxi uce na we discuss semi continuity of these functions with respect to the berkovich topology in particular under we prove under certain assumptions that delta_cxxiu rho_cxxi and r_xiucena are upper semicontinuous functions of xi for laurent domains in the affine space delta_cxu is continuous in the classical case of an affinoid domain u of the analytic affine line r is a continuous function
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709.2009
Emergence of Network Structure in Models of Collective Evolution and Evolutionary Dynamics
We consider an evolving network of a fixed number of nodes. The allocation of edges is a dynamical stochastic process inspired by biological reproduction dynamics, namely by deleting and duplicating existing nodes and their edges. The properties of the degree distribution in the stationary state is analysed by use of the Fokker-Planck equation. For a broad range of parameters exponential degree distributions are observed. The mechanism responsible for this behaviour is illuminated by use of a simple mean field equation and reproduced by the Fokker-Planck equation treating the degree-degree correlations approximately. In the limit of zero mutations the degree distribution becomes a power law.
cond-mat.stat-mech
we consider an evolving network of a fixed number of nodes the allocation of edges is a dynamical stochastic process inspired by biological reproduction dynamics namely by deleting and duplicating existing nodes and their edges the properties of the degree distribution in the stationary state is analysed by use of the fokkerplanck equation for a broad range of parameters exponential degree distributions are observed the mechanism responsible for this behaviour is illuminated by use of a simple mean field equation and reproduced by the fokkerplanck equation treating the degreedegree correlations approximately in the limit of zero mutations the degree distribution becomes a power law
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709.201
Maximal Entropy Measures for Piecewise Affine Surface Homeomorphisms
We study the dynamics of piecewise affine surface homeomorphisms from the point of view of their entropy. Under the assumption of positive topological entropy, we establish the existence of finitely many ergodic and invariant probability measures maximizing entropy and prove a multiplicative lower bound for the number of periodic points. This is intended as a step towards the understanding of surface diffeomorphisms. We proceed by building a jump transformation, using not first returns but carefully selected "good" returns to dispense with Markov partitions. We control these good returns through some entropy and ergodic arguments.
math.DS
we study the dynamics of piecewise affine surface homeomorphisms from the point of view of their entropy under the assumption of positive topological entropy we establish the existence of finitely many ergodic and invariant probability measures maximizing entropy and prove a multiplicative lower bound for the number of periodic points this is intended as a step towards the understanding of surface diffeomorphisms we proceed by building a jump transformation using not first returns but carefully selected good returns to dispense with markov partitions we control these good returns through some entropy and ergodic arguments
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709.2011
Highly non-Gaussian states created via cross-Kerr nonlinearity
We propose a feasible scheme for generation of strongly non-Gaussian states using the cross-Kerr nonlinearity. The resultant states are highly non-classical states of electromagnetic field and exhibit negativity of their Wigner function, sub-Poissonian photon statistics, and amplitude squeezing. Furthermore, the Wigner function has a distinctly pronounced ``banana'' or ``crescent'' shape specific for the Kerr-type interactions, which so far was not demonstrated experimentally. We show that creating and detecting such states should be possible with the present technology using electromagnetically induced transparency in a four-level atomic system in N-configuration.
quant-ph
we propose a feasible scheme for generation of strongly nongaussian states using the crosskerr nonlinearity the resultant states are highly nonclassical states of electromagnetic field and exhibit negativity of their wigner function subpoissonian photon statistics and amplitude squeezing furthermore the wigner function has a distinctly pronounced banana or crescent shape specific for the kerrtype interactions which so far was not demonstrated experimentally we show that creating and detecting such states should be possible with the present technology using electromagnetically induced transparency in a fourlevel atomic system in nconfiguration
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709.2012
Simulation of LiCAS Error Propagation
Linear Collider Alignment and Survey (LiCAS) R&D group is proposing a novel automated metrology instrument dedicated to align and monitor the mechanical stability of a future linear high energy e+e- collider. LiCAS uses Laser Straightness Monitors (LSM) and Frequency Scanning Interferometry (FSI) for straightness and absolute distance measurements, respectively. This paper presents detailed simulations of a LiCAS system operating inside a Rapid Tunnel Reference Surveyor (RTRS train). With the proposed design it is feasible to achieve the required vertical accuracy of the order of 200 micons over 600 m tunnel sections meeting the specification for the TESLA collider.
physics.ins-det physics.acc-ph
linear collider alignment and survey licas rd group is proposing a novel automated metrology instrument dedicated to align and monitor the mechanical stability of a future linear high energy ee collider licas uses laser straightness monitors lsm and frequency scanning interferometry fsi for straightness and absolute distance measurements respectively this paper presents detailed simulations of a licas system operating inside a rapid tunnel reference surveyor rtrs train with the proposed design it is feasible to achieve the required vertical accuracy of the order of 200 micons over 600 m tunnel sections meeting the specification for the tesla collider
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709.2013
Equivalence and self-improvement of p-fatness and Hardy's inequality, and association with uniform perfectness
We present an easy proof that $p$--Hardy's inequality implies uniform $p$--fatness of the boundary when $p=n$. The proof works also in metric space setting and demonstrates the self--improving phenomenon of the $p$--fatness. We also explore the relationship between $p$-fatness, $p$-Hardy inequality, and the uniform perfectness for all $p\ge 1$, and demonstrate that in the Ahlfors $Q$-regular metric measure space setting with $p=Q$, these three properties are equivalent.
math.FA
we present an easy proof that phardys inequality implies uniform pfatness of the boundary when pn the proof works also in metric space setting and demonstrates the selfimproving phenomenon of the pfatness we also explore the relationship between pfatness phardy inequality and the uniform perfectness for all pge 1 and demonstrate that in the ahlfors qregular metric measure space setting with pq these three properties are equivalent
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709.2014
Selfconsistent gauge-invariant theory of in-plane infrared response of high-Tc cuprate superconductors involving spin fluctuations
We report on results of our theoretical study of the in-plane infrared conductivity of the high-Tc cuprate superconductors using the model where charged planar quasiparticles are coupled to spin fluctuations. The computations include both the renormalization of the quasiparticles and the corresponding modification of the current-current vertex function (vertex correction), which ensures gauge invariance of the theory and local charge conservation in the system. The incorporation of the vertex corrections leads to an increase of the total intraband optical spectral weight (SW) at finite frequencies, a SW transfer from far infrared to mid infrared, a significant reduction of the SW of the superconducting condensate, and an amplification of characteristic features in the superconducting state spectra of the inverse scattering rate 1/tau. We also discuss the role of selfconsistency and propose a new interpretation of a kink occurring in the experimental low temperature spectra of 1/tau around 1000cm^{-1}.
cond-mat.supr-con
we report on results of our theoretical study of the inplane infrared conductivity of the hightc cuprate superconductors using the model where charged planar quasiparticles are coupled to spin fluctuations the computations include both the renormalization of the quasiparticles and the corresponding modification of the currentcurrent vertex function vertex correction which ensures gauge invariance of the theory and local charge conservation in the system the incorporation of the vertex corrections leads to an increase of the total intraband optical spectral weight sw at finite frequencies a sw transfer from far infrared to mid infrared a significant reduction of the sw of the superconducting condensate and an amplification of characteristic features in the superconducting state spectra of the inverse scattering rate 1tau we also discuss the role of selfconsistency and propose a new interpretation of a kink occurring in the experimental low temperature spectra of 1tau around 1000cm1
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709.2015
Complexity, Collective Effects and Modelling of Ecosystems: formation, function and stability
We discuss the relevance of studying ecology within the framework of Complexity Science from a statistical mechanics approach. Ecology is concerned with understanding how systems level properties emerge out of the multitude of interactions amongst large numbers of components, leading to ecosystems that possess the prototypical characteristics of complex systems. We argue that statistical mechanics is at present the best methodology available to obtain a quantitative description of complex systems, and that ecology is in urgent need of ``integrative'' approaches that are quantitative and non-stationary. We describe examples where combining statistical mechanics and ecology has led to improved ecological modelling and, at the same time, broadened the scope of statistical mechanics.
q-bio.PE q-bio.OT
we discuss the relevance of studying ecology within the framework of complexity science from a statistical mechanics approach ecology is concerned with understanding how systems level properties emerge out of the multitude of interactions amongst large numbers of components leading to ecosystems that possess the prototypical characteristics of complex systems we argue that statistical mechanics is at present the best methodology available to obtain a quantitative description of complex systems and that ecology is in urgent need of integrative approaches that are quantitative and nonstationary we describe examples where combining statistical mechanics and ecology has led to improved ecological modelling and at the same time broadened the scope of statistical mechanics
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709.2016
Distribution of PageRank Mass Among Principle Components of the Web
We study the PageRank mass of principal components in a bow-tie Web Graph, as a function of the damping factor c. Using a singular perturbation approach, we show that the PageRank share of IN and SCC components remains high even for very large values of the damping factor, in spite of the fact that it drops to zero when c goes to one. However, a detailed study of the OUT component reveals the presence ``dead-ends'' (small groups of pages linking only to each other) that receive an unfairly high ranking when c is close to one. We argue that this problem can be mitigated by choosing c as small as 1/2.
cs.NI cs.DS
we study the pagerank mass of principal components in a bowtie web graph as a function of the damping factor c using a singular perturbation approach we show that the pagerank share of in and scc components remains high even for very large values of the damping factor in spite of the fact that it drops to zero when c goes to one however a detailed study of the out component reveals the presence deadends small groups of pages linking only to each other that receive an unfairly high ranking when c is close to one we argue that this problem can be mitigated by choosing c as small as 12
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709.2017
Closed trajectories of a particle model on null curves in anti-de Sitter 3-space
We study the existence of closed trajectories of a particle model on null curves in anti-de Sitter 3-space defined by a functional which is linear in the curvature of the particle path. Explicit expressions for the trajectories are found and the existence of infinitely many closed trajectories is proved.
math.DG math-ph math.MP
we study the existence of closed trajectories of a particle model on null curves in antide sitter 3space defined by a functional which is linear in the curvature of the particle path explicit expressions for the trajectories are found and the existence of infinitely many closed trajectories is proved
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709.2018
On conversion of high-frequency soliton solutions to a (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation
We derive a (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation (NLE) which may model the propagation of high-frequency perturbations in a relaxing medium. As a result, this equation may possess three typical solutions depending on a dissipative parameter.
math-ph math.MP
we derive a 11dimensional nonlinear evolution equation nle which may model the propagation of highfrequency perturbations in a relaxing medium as a result this equation may possess three typical solutions depending on a dissipative parameter
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709.2019
Drift Wave Model of Rotating Radio Transients
During the last few years there were discovered and deeply examined several transient neutron stars (Rotating Radio Transients). It is already well accepted that these objects are rotating neutron stars. But their extraordinary features (burst-like behavior) made necessary revision of well accepted models of pulsar interior structure. Nowadays most popular model for RRATs is precessing pulsar model, which is the subject of big discussion. We assume that these objects are pulsars with specific spin parameters. An important feature of our model, naturally explaining most of the properties of these neutron stars, is presence of very low frequency, nearly transverse drift waves propagating across the magnetic field and encircling the open field lines region of the pulsar magnetosphere.
astro-ph
during the last few years there were discovered and deeply examined several transient neutron stars rotating radio transients it is already well accepted that these objects are rotating neutron stars but their extraordinary features burstlike behavior made necessary revision of well accepted models of pulsar interior structure nowadays most popular model for rrats is precessing pulsar model which is the subject of big discussion we assume that these objects are pulsars with specific spin parameters an important feature of our model naturally explaining most of the properties of these neutron stars is presence of very low frequency nearly transverse drift waves propagating across the magnetic field and encircling the open field lines region of the pulsar magnetosphere
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709.202
Precise quark masses from sum rules
In this contribution an improved analysis is described to extract precise charm and bottom quark masses from experimental and theoretical moments of the photon polarization function. The obtained $\bar{\rm MS}$ mass values read $m_c(3 {GeV})=0.986(13)$ GeV and $m_b(10 {GeV})=3.609(25)$ GeV.
hep-ph
in this contribution an improved analysis is described to extract precise charm and bottom quark masses from experimental and theoretical moments of the photon polarization function the obtained barrm ms mass values read m_c3 gev098613 gev and m_b10 gev360925 gev
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709.2021
A Clark-Ocone formula in UMD Banach spaces
Let H be a separable real Hilbert space and let F = (F_t)_{t\in [0,T]} be the augmented filtration generated by an H-cylindrical Brownian motion W_H on [0,T]. We prove that if E is a UMD Banach space, 1\leq p<\infty, and f\in D^{1,p}(E) is F_T-measurable, then f = \E f + \int_0^T P_F(Df) dW_H where D is the Malliavin derivative and P_F is the projection onto the F-adapted elements in a suitable Banach space of L^p-stochastically integrable L(H,E)-valued processes.
math.PR math.FA
let h be a separable real hilbert space and let f f_t_tin 0t be the augmented filtration generated by an hcylindrical brownian motion w_h on 0t we prove that if e is a umd banach space 1leq pinfty and fin d1pe is f_tmeasurable then f e f int_0t p_fdf dw_h where d is the malliavin derivative and p_f is the projection onto the fadapted elements in a suitable banach space of lpstochastically integrable lhevalued processes
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709.2022
Tunneling mediated by conical waves in a 1D lattice
The nonlinear propagation of 3D wave-packets in a 1D Bragg-induced band-gap system, shows that tranverse effects (free space diffraction) affect the interplay of periodicity and nonlinearity, leading to the spontaneous formation of fast and slow conical localized waves. Such excitation corresponds to enhanced nonlinear transmission (tunneling) in the gap, with peculiar features which differ on the two edges of the band-gap, as dictated by the full dispersion relationship of the localized waves.
physics.optics
the nonlinear propagation of 3d wavepackets in a 1d bragginduced bandgap system shows that tranverse effects free space diffraction affect the interplay of periodicity and nonlinearity leading to the spontaneous formation of fast and slow conical localized waves such excitation corresponds to enhanced nonlinear transmission tunneling in the gap with peculiar features which differ on the two edges of the bandgap as dictated by the full dispersion relationship of the localized waves
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709.2023
Biharmonic Hypersurfaces in 4-Dimensional Space Forms
We investigate proper biharmonic hypersurfaces with at most three distinct principal curvatures in space forms. We obtain the full classification of proper biharmonic hypersurfaces in 4-dimensional space forms.
math.DG
we investigate proper biharmonic hypersurfaces with at most three distinct principal curvatures in space forms we obtain the full classification of proper biharmonic hypersurfaces in 4dimensional space forms
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709.2024
Smooth cutoff formulation of hierarchical reference theory for a scalar phi4 field theory
The phi4 scalar field theory in three dimensions, prototype for the study of phase transitions, is investigated by means of the hierarchical reference theory (HRT) in its smooth cutoff formulation. The critical behavior is described by scaling laws and critical exponents which compare favorably with the known values of the Ising universality class. The inverse susceptibility vanishes identically inside the coexistence curve, providing a first principle implementation of the Maxwell construction, and shows the expected discontinuity across the phase boundary, at variance with the usual sharp cutoff implementation of HRT. The correct description of first and second order phase transitions within a microscopic, nonperturbative approach is thus achieved in the smooth cutoff HRT.
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.soft
the phi4 scalar field theory in three dimensions prototype for the study of phase transitions is investigated by means of the hierarchical reference theory hrt in its smooth cutoff formulation the critical behavior is described by scaling laws and critical exponents which compare favorably with the known values of the ising universality class the inverse susceptibility vanishes identically inside the coexistence curve providing a first principle implementation of the maxwell construction and shows the expected discontinuity across the phase boundary at variance with the usual sharp cutoff implementation of hrt the correct description of first and second order phase transitions within a microscopic nonperturbative approach is thus achieved in the smooth cutoff hrt
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709.2025
Origin of the Ocean on the Earth: Early Evolution of Water D/H in a Hydrogen-rich Atmosphere
The origin of the Earth's ocean has been discussed on the basis of deuterium/hydrogen ratios (D/H) of several sources of water in the solar system. The average D/H of carbonaceous chondrites (CC's) is known to be close to the current D/H of the Earth's ocean, while those of comets and the solar nebula are larger by about a factor of two and smaller by about a factor of seven, respectively, than that of the Earth's ocean. Thus, the main source of the Earth's ocean has been thought to be CC's or adequate mixing of comets and the solar nebula. However, those conclusions are correct only if D/H of water on the Earth has remained unchanged for the past 4.5 Gyr. In this paper, we investigate evolution of D/H in the ocean in the case that the early Earth had a hydrogen-rich atmosphere, the existence of which is predicted by recent theories of planet formation no matter whether the nebula remains or not. Then we show that D/H in the ocean increases by a factor of 2-9, which is caused by the mass fractionation during atmospheric hydrogen loss, followed by deuterium exchange between hydrogen gas and water vapor during ocean formation. This result suggests that the apparent similarity in D/H of water between CC's and the current Earth's ocean does not necessarily support the CC's origin of water and that the apparent discrepancy in D/H is not a good reason for excluding the nebular origin of water.
astro-ph physics.ao-ph
the origin of the earths ocean has been discussed on the basis of deuteriumhydrogen ratios dh of several sources of water in the solar system the average dh of carbonaceous chondrites ccs is known to be close to the current dh of the earths ocean while those of comets and the solar nebula are larger by about a factor of two and smaller by about a factor of seven respectively than that of the earths ocean thus the main source of the earths ocean has been thought to be ccs or adequate mixing of comets and the solar nebula however those conclusions are correct only if dh of water on the earth has remained unchanged for the past 45 gyr in this paper we investigate evolution of dh in the ocean in the case that the early earth had a hydrogenrich atmosphere the existence of which is predicted by recent theories of planet formation no matter whether the nebula remains or not then we show that dh in the ocean increases by a factor of 29 which is caused by the mass fractionation during atmospheric hydrogen loss followed by deuterium exchange between hydrogen gas and water vapor during ocean formation this result suggests that the apparent similarity in dh of water between ccs and the current earths ocean does not necessarily support the ccs origin of water and that the apparent discrepancy in dh is not a good reason for excluding the nebular origin of water
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709.2026
Surface branched covers and geometric 2-orbifolds
For a branched cover between two closed orientable surfaces, the Riemann-Hurwitz formula relates the Euler characteristics of the surfaces, the total degree of the cover, and the total length of the partitions of the degree given by the local degrees at the preimages of the branching points. A very old problem asks whether a collection of partitions of an integer having the appropriate total length (that we call a candidate cover) always comes from some branched cover. The answer is known to be in the affirmative whenever the candidate base surface is not the 2-sphere, while for the 2-sphere exceptions do occur. A long-standing conjecture however asserts that when the candidate degree is a prime number, a candidate cover is always realizable. In this paper we analyze the question from the point of view of the geometry of 2-orbifolds, and we provide strong supporting evidence for the conjecture. In particular, we exhibit three different sequences of candidate covers, indexed by their degree, such that for each sequence: (1) The degrees giving realizable covers have asymptotically zero density in the naturals; (2) Each prime degree gives a realizable cover.
math.GT
for a branched cover between two closed orientable surfaces the riemannhurwitz formula relates the euler characteristics of the surfaces the total degree of the cover and the total length of the partitions of the degree given by the local degrees at the preimages of the branching points a very old problem asks whether a collection of partitions of an integer having the appropriate total length that we call a candidate cover always comes from some branched cover the answer is known to be in the affirmative whenever the candidate base surface is not the 2sphere while for the 2sphere exceptions do occur a longstanding conjecture however asserts that when the candidate degree is a prime number a candidate cover is always realizable in this paper we analyze the question from the point of view of the geometry of 2orbifolds and we provide strong supporting evidence for the conjecture in particular we exhibit three different sequences of candidate covers indexed by their degree such that for each sequence 1 the degrees giving realizable covers have asymptotically zero density in the naturals 2 each prime degree gives a realizable cover
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709.2027
Units of genetic transfer in prokaryotes
The transfer of genetic materials across species (lateral genetic transfer, LGT) contributes to genomic and physiological innovation in prokaryotes. The extent of LGT in prokaryotes has been examined in a number of studies, but the unit of transfer has not been studied in a rigorous manner. Using a rigorous phylogenetic approach, we analysed the units of LGT within families of single-copy genes obtained from 144 fully sequenced prokaryote genomes. A total of 30.3% of these gene families show evidence of LGT. We found that the transfer of gene fragments has been more frequent than the transfer of entire genes, suggesting the extent of LGT has been underestimated. We found little functional bias between within-gene (fragmentary) and whole-gene (non-fragmentary) genetic transfer, but non-fragmentary transfer has been more frequent into pathogens than into non-pathogens. As gene families that contain probable paralogs were excluded from the current study, our results may still underestimate the extent of LGT; nonetheless this is the most-comprehensive study to date of the unit of LGT among prokaryote genomes.
q-bio.GN q-bio.PE
the transfer of genetic materials across species lateral genetic transfer lgt contributes to genomic and physiological innovation in prokaryotes the extent of lgt in prokaryotes has been examined in a number of studies but the unit of transfer has not been studied in a rigorous manner using a rigorous phylogenetic approach we analysed the units of lgt within families of singlecopy genes obtained from 144 fully sequenced prokaryote genomes a total of 303 of these gene families show evidence of lgt we found that the transfer of gene fragments has been more frequent than the transfer of entire genes suggesting the extent of lgt has been underestimated we found little functional bias between withingene fragmentary and wholegene nonfragmentary genetic transfer but nonfragmentary transfer has been more frequent into pathogens than into nonpathogens as gene families that contain probable paralogs were excluded from the current study our results may still underestimate the extent of lgt nonetheless this is the mostcomprehensive study to date of the unit of lgt among prokaryote genomes
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709.2028
Angular Momemtum of Binary Asteroids: Implication for their possible origin
We describe in this work a thorough study of the physical and orbital characteristics of extensively observed main-belt and Trojan binaries, mainly taken from the LAOSA (Large Adaptive Optics Survey of Asteroids, Marchis et al., 2006c) database, along with a selection of bifurcated objects. Dimensionless quantities, such as the specific angular momentum and the primary spin rate, are computed and discussed for each system. They suggest that these asteroidal systems might be the outcome of rotational fission or mass shedding of a parent body presumably subjected to an external torque. One of the most striking features of separated binaries composed of a large primary (Rp > 100 km) with a much smaller secondary (Rs < 20 km) is that they all have total angular momentum of 0.27. This value is quite close to the Maclaurin-Jacobi bifurcation (0.308) of a spinning fluid body. Alternatively, contact binaries and tidally locked double asteroids, made of components of similar size, have an angular momentum larger than 0.48. They compare successfully with the fission equilibrium sequence of a rotating fluid mass. In conclusion, we find that total angular momentum is a useful proxy to assess internal structure of such systems.
astro-ph
we describe in this work a thorough study of the physical and orbital characteristics of extensively observed mainbelt and trojan binaries mainly taken from the laosa large adaptive optics survey of asteroids marchis et al 2006c database along with a selection of bifurcated objects dimensionless quantities such as the specific angular momentum and the primary spin rate are computed and discussed for each system they suggest that these asteroidal systems might be the outcome of rotational fission or mass shedding of a parent body presumably subjected to an external torque one of the most striking features of separated binaries composed of a large primary rp 100 km with a much smaller secondary rs 20 km is that they all have total angular momentum of 027 this value is quite close to the maclaurinjacobi bifurcation 0308 of a spinning fluid body alternatively contact binaries and tidally locked double asteroids made of components of similar size have an angular momentum larger than 048 they compare successfully with the fission equilibrium sequence of a rotating fluid mass in conclusion we find that total angular momentum is a useful proxy to assess internal structure of such systems
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709.2029
Tuning the stochastic background of gravitational waves with theory and observations
In this this paper the stochastic background of gravitational waves (SBGWs) is analyzed with the auxilium of the WMAP data. We emphasize that, in general, in previous works in the literature about the SBGWs, old COBE data were used. After this, we want to face the problem of how the SBGWs and f(R) gravity can be related, showing, vice versa, that a revealed SBGWs could be a powerly probe for a given theory of gravity. In this way, it will also be shown that the conformal treatment of SBGWs can be used to parametrize in a natural way f(R) theories.
astro-ph
in this this paper the stochastic background of gravitational waves sbgws is analyzed with the auxilium of the wmap data we emphasize that in general in previous works in the literature about the sbgws old cobe data were used after this we want to face the problem of how the sbgws and fr gravity can be related showing vice versa that a revealed sbgws could be a powerly probe for a given theory of gravity in this way it will also be shown that the conformal treatment of sbgws can be used to parametrize in a natural way fr theories
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709.203
Protein domains as units of genetic transfer
Genomes evolve as modules. In prokaryotes (and some eukaryotes), genetic material can be transferred between species and integrated into the genome via homologous or illegitimate recombination. There is little reason to imagine that the units of transfer correspond to entire genes; however, such units have not been rigorously characterized. We examined fragmentary genetic transfers in single-copy gene families from 144 prokaryotic genomes and found that breakpoints are located significantly closer to the boundaries of genomic regions that encode annotated structural domains of proteins than expected by chance, particularly when recombining sequences are more divergent. This correlation results from recombination events themselves and not from differential nucleotide substitution. We report the first systematic study relating genetic recombination to structural features at the protein level.
q-bio.GN q-bio.PE
genomes evolve as modules in prokaryotes and some eukaryotes genetic material can be transferred between species and integrated into the genome via homologous or illegitimate recombination there is little reason to imagine that the units of transfer correspond to entire genes however such units have not been rigorously characterized we examined fragmentary genetic transfers in singlecopy gene families from 144 prokaryotic genomes and found that breakpoints are located significantly closer to the boundaries of genomic regions that encode annotated structural domains of proteins than expected by chance particularly when recombining sequences are more divergent this correlation results from recombination events themselves and not from differential nucleotide substitution we report the first systematic study relating genetic recombination to structural features at the protein level
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709.2031
Genetic transfer in Staphylococcus: a case study of 13 genomes
The widespread presence of antibiotic resistance and virulence among Staphylococcus isolates has been attributed to lateral genetic transfer (LGT) between different strains or species. However, there has been very little study of the extent of LGT in Staphylococcus species using a phylogenetic approach, particularly of the units of such genetic transfer. Here we report the first systematic study of the units of genetic transfer in 13 Staphylococcus genomes, using a rigorous phylogenetic approach. We found clear evidence of LGT in 26.1% of the 1354 homologous gene families examined, and possibly more in another 17.9% of the total families. Within-gene and whole-gene transfer contribute almost equally to the discordance of these gene families against a reference phylogeny. Comparing genetic transfer in single-copy and in multi-copy gene families, we found little functional bias in cases of within-gene (fragmentary) genetic transfer but substantial functional bias in cases of whole-gene (non-fragmentary) genetic transfer, and we observed a higher frequency of LGT in multi-copy gene families. Our results demonstrate that LGT and gene duplication play an important part among the factors that contribute to functional innovation in staphylococcal genomes.
q-bio.GN q-bio.PE
the widespread presence of antibiotic resistance and virulence among staphylococcus isolates has been attributed to lateral genetic transfer lgt between different strains or species however there has been very little study of the extent of lgt in staphylococcus species using a phylogenetic approach particularly of the units of such genetic transfer here we report the first systematic study of the units of genetic transfer in 13 staphylococcus genomes using a rigorous phylogenetic approach we found clear evidence of lgt in 261 of the 1354 homologous gene families examined and possibly more in another 179 of the total families withingene and wholegene transfer contribute almost equally to the discordance of these gene families against a reference phylogeny comparing genetic transfer in singlecopy and in multicopy gene families we found little functional bias in cases of withingene fragmentary genetic transfer but substantial functional bias in cases of wholegene nonfragmentary genetic transfer and we observed a higher frequency of lgt in multicopy gene families our results demonstrate that lgt and gene duplication play an important part among the factors that contribute to functional innovation in staphylococcal genomes
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709.2032
Long term monitoring of bright TeV Blazars with the MAGIC telescope
The MAGIC telescope has performed long term monitoring observations of the bright TeV Blazars Mrk421, Mrk501 and 1ES1959+650. Up to 40 observations, 30 to 60 minutes each have been performed for each source evenly distributed over the observable period of the year. The sensitivity of MAGIC is sufficient to establish a flux level of 25% of the Crab flux for each measurement. These observations are well suited to trigger multiwavelength ToO observations and the overall collected data allow an unbiased study of the flaring statistics of the observed AGNs.
astro-ph
the magic telescope has performed long term monitoring observations of the bright tev blazars mrk421 mrk501 and 1es1959650 up to 40 observations 30 to 60 minutes each have been performed for each source evenly distributed over the observable period of the year the sensitivity of magic is sufficient to establish a flux level of 25 of the crab flux for each measurement these observations are well suited to trigger multiwavelength too observations and the overall collected data allow an unbiased study of the flaring statistics of the observed agns
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709.2033
Strategy for the inversion of Hinode spectropolarimetric measurements in the quiet Sun
In this paper we propose an inversion strategy for the analysis of spectropolarimetric measurements taken by {\em Hinode} in the quiet Sun. The spectropolarimeter of the Solar Optical Telescope aboard {\em Hinode} records the Stokes spectra of the \ion{Fe}{i} line pair at 630.2 nm with unprecendented angular resolution, high spectral resolution, and high sensitivity. We discuss the need to consider a {\em local} stray-light contamination to account for the effects of telescope diffraction. The strategy is applied to observations of a wide quiet Sun area at disk center. Using these data we examine the influence of noise and initial guess models in the inversion results. Our analysis yields the distributions of magnetic field strengths and stray-light factors. They show that quiet Sun internetwork regions consist mainly of hG fields with stray-light contaminations of about 0.8.
astro-ph
in this paper we propose an inversion strategy for the analysis of spectropolarimetric measurements taken by em hinode in the quiet sun the spectropolarimeter of the solar optical telescope aboard em hinode records the stokes spectra of the ionfei line pair at 6302 nm with unprecendented angular resolution high spectral resolution and high sensitivity we discuss the need to consider a em local straylight contamination to account for the effects of telescope diffraction the strategy is applied to observations of a wide quiet sun area at disk center using these data we examine the influence of noise and initial guess models in the inversion results our analysis yields the distributions of magnetic field strengths and straylight factors they show that quiet sun internetwork regions consist mainly of hg fields with straylight contaminations of about 08
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709.2034
Gradient Optics of subwavelength nanofilms
Propagation and tunneling of light through subwavelength photonic barriers, formed by dielectric layers with continuous spatial variations of dielectric susceptibility across the film are considered. Effects of giant heterogeneity-induced non-local dispersion, both normal and anomalous, are examined by means of a series of exact analytical solutions of Maxwell equations for gradient media. Generalized Fresnel formulae, visualizing a profound influence of gradient and curvature of dielectric susceptibility profiles on reflectance/transmittance of periodical photonic heterostructures are presented. Depending on the cutoff frequency of the barrier, governed by technologically managed spatial profile of its refractive index, propagation or tunneling of light through these barriers are examined. Nonattenuative transfer of EM energy by evanescent waves, tunneling through dielectric gradient barriers, characterized by real values of refractive index, decreasing in the depth of medium, is shown. Scaling of the obtained results for different spectral ranges of visible, IR and THz waves is illustrated. Potential of gradient optical structures for design of miniaturized filters, polarizers and frequency-selective interfaces of subwavelength thickness is considered.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
propagation and tunneling of light through subwavelength photonic barriers formed by dielectric layers with continuous spatial variations of dielectric susceptibility across the film are considered effects of giant heterogeneityinduced nonlocal dispersion both normal and anomalous are examined by means of a series of exact analytical solutions of maxwell equations for gradient media generalized fresnel formulae visualizing a profound influence of gradient and curvature of dielectric susceptibility profiles on reflectancetransmittance of periodical photonic heterostructures are presented depending on the cutoff frequency of the barrier governed by technologically managed spatial profile of its refractive index propagation or tunneling of light through these barriers are examined nonattenuative transfer of em energy by evanescent waves tunneling through dielectric gradient barriers characterized by real values of refractive index decreasing in the depth of medium is shown scaling of the obtained results for different spectral ranges of visible ir and thz waves is illustrated potential of gradient optical structures for design of miniaturized filters polarizers and frequencyselective interfaces of subwavelength thickness is considered
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