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709.2635
Non-Blocking Signature of very large SOAP Messages
Data transfer and staging services are common components in Grid-based, or more generally, in service-oriented applications. Security mechanisms play a central role in such services, especially when they are deployed in sensitive application fields like e-health. The adoption of WS-Security and related standards to SOAP-based transfer services is, however, problematic as a straightforward adoption of SOAP with MTOM introduces considerable inefficiencies in the signature generation process when large data sets are involved. This paper proposes a non-blocking, signature generation approach enabling a stream-like processing with considerable performance enhancements.
cs.DC
data transfer and staging services are common components in gridbased or more generally in serviceoriented applications security mechanisms play a central role in such services especially when they are deployed in sensitive application fields like ehealth the adoption of wssecurity and related standards to soapbased transfer services is however problematic as a straightforward adoption of soap with mtom introduces considerable inefficiencies in the signature generation process when large data sets are involved this paper proposes a nonblocking signature generation approach enabling a streamlike processing with considerable performance enhancements
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709.2636
Controlled deflection of cold atomic clouds and of Bose-Einstein condensates
We present a detailed, realistic proposal and analysis of the implementation of a cold atom deflector using time-dependent far off-resonance optical guides. An analytical model and numerical simulations are used to illustrate its characteristics when applied to both non-degenerate atomic ensembles and to Bose-Einstein condensates. Using for all relevant parameters values that are achieved with present technology, we show that it is possible to deflect almost entirely an ensemble of $^{87}$Rb atoms falling in the gravity field. We discuss the limits of this proposal, and illustrate its robustness against non-adiabatic transitions.
quant-ph
we present a detailed realistic proposal and analysis of the implementation of a cold atom deflector using timedependent far offresonance optical guides an analytical model and numerical simulations are used to illustrate its characteristics when applied to both nondegenerate atomic ensembles and to boseeinstein condensates using for all relevant parameters values that are achieved with present technology we show that it is possible to deflect almost entirely an ensemble of 87rb atoms falling in the gravity field we discuss the limits of this proposal and illustrate its robustness against nonadiabatic transitions
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709.2637
Comment on "Berry Phase in a Composite System"
We show in this comment that the results obtained in a recent work by Yi et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 150406 (2004)] are quantitatively not correct and the proposed subsystem Berry phase is not well-defined.
quant-ph
we show in this comment that the results obtained in a recent work by yi et al phys rev lett 92 150406 2004 are quantitatively not correct and the proposed subsystem berry phase is not welldefined
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709.2638
Characterization of substitution invariant 3iet words
We study infinite words coding an orbit under an exchange of three intervals which have full complexity $\C(n)=2n+1$ for all $n\in\N$ (non-degenerate 3iet words). In terms of parameters of the interval exchange and the starting point of the orbit we characterize those 3iet words which are invariant under a primitive substitution. Thus, we generalize the result recently obtained for sturmian words.
math.CO math.DS
we study infinite words coding an orbit under an exchange of three intervals which have full complexity cn2n1 for all ninn nondegenerate 3iet words in terms of parameters of the interval exchange and the starting point of the orbit we characterize those 3iet words which are invariant under a primitive substitution thus we generalize the result recently obtained for sturmian words
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709.2639
Work fluctuations in quantum spin chains
We study the work fluctuations of two types of finite quantum spin chains under the application of a time-dependent magnetic field in the context of the fluctuation relation and Jarzynski equality. The two types of quantum chains correspond to the integrable Ising quantum chain and the nonintegrable XX quantum chain in a longitudinal magnetic field. For several magnetic field protocols, the quantum Crooks and Jarzynski relations are numerically tested and fulfilled. As a more interesting situation, we consider the forcing regime where a periodic magnetic field is applied. In the Ising case we give an exact solution in terms of double-confluent Heun functions. We show that the fluctuations of the work performed by the external periodic drift are maximum at a frequency proportional to the amplitude of the field. In the nonintegrable case, we show that depending on the field frequency a sharp transition is observed between a Poisson-limit work distribution at high frequencies toward a normal work distribution at low frequencies.
cond-mat.stat-mech
we study the work fluctuations of two types of finite quantum spin chains under the application of a timedependent magnetic field in the context of the fluctuation relation and jarzynski equality the two types of quantum chains correspond to the integrable ising quantum chain and the nonintegrable xx quantum chain in a longitudinal magnetic field for several magnetic field protocols the quantum crooks and jarzynski relations are numerically tested and fulfilled as a more interesting situation we consider the forcing regime where a periodic magnetic field is applied in the ising case we give an exact solution in terms of doubleconfluent heun functions we show that the fluctuations of the work performed by the external periodic drift are maximum at a frequency proportional to the amplitude of the field in the nonintegrable case we show that depending on the field frequency a sharp transition is observed between a poissonlimit work distribution at high frequencies toward a normal work distribution at low frequencies
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709.264
Neutrino Triggered Target of Opportunity (NToO) test run with AMANDA-II and MAGIC
Kilometer scale neutrino telescopes are now being constructed (IceCube) and designed (KM3NeT). While no neutrino flux of cosmic origin has been discovered so far, the first weak signals are expected to be discerned in the next few years. Multi-messenger (observations combining different kinds of emission) investigations can enhance the discovery chance for neutrinos in case of correlations. One possible application is the search for time correlations of high energy neutrinos and established signals. We show the first adaptation of a Target of Opportunity strategy to collect simultaneous data of high energy neutrinos and gamma-rays. Neutrino events with coordinates close to preselected candidate sources are used to alert gamma-ray observations. The detection of a positive coincidence can enhance the neutrino discovery chance. More generally, this scheme of operation can increase the availability of simultaneous observations. If cosmic neutrino signals can be established, the combined observations will allow time correlation studies and therefore constraints on the source modeling. A first technical implementation of this scheme involving AMANDA-II and MAGIC has been realized for few pre-selected sources in a short test run (Sept. to Dec. 2006), showing the feasability of the concept. Results from this test run are shown.
astro-ph
kilometer scale neutrino telescopes are now being constructed icecube and designed km3net while no neutrino flux of cosmic origin has been discovered so far the first weak signals are expected to be discerned in the next few years multimessenger observations combining different kinds of emission investigations can enhance the discovery chance for neutrinos in case of correlations one possible application is the search for time correlations of high energy neutrinos and established signals we show the first adaptation of a target of opportunity strategy to collect simultaneous data of high energy neutrinos and gammarays neutrino events with coordinates close to preselected candidate sources are used to alert gammaray observations the detection of a positive coincidence can enhance the neutrino discovery chance more generally this scheme of operation can increase the availability of simultaneous observations if cosmic neutrino signals can be established the combined observations will allow time correlation studies and therefore constraints on the source modeling a first technical implementation of this scheme involving amandaii and magic has been realized for few preselected sources in a short test run sept to dec 2006 showing the feasability of the concept results from this test run are shown
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709.2641
Scanning tunnelling spectroscopy of the vortex state in NbSe2 using a superconducting tip
The vortex electronic structure in the multiband superconductor NbSe2 is studied by means of Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy (STS) using a superconducting tip. The use of a superconducting tip (Pb) as a probe provides an enhancement of the different features related to the DOS of NbSe2 in the tunneling conductance curves. This use allows the observation of rich patterns of electronic states in the conductance images around the vortex cores in a wide range of temperature, as well as the simultaneous acquisition of Josephson current images in the vortex state.
cond-mat.supr-con
the vortex electronic structure in the multiband superconductor nbse2 is studied by means of scanning tunneling spectroscopy sts using a superconducting tip the use of a superconducting tip pb as a probe provides an enhancement of the different features related to the dos of nbse2 in the tunneling conductance curves this use allows the observation of rich patterns of electronic states in the conductance images around the vortex cores in a wide range of temperature as well as the simultaneous acquisition of josephson current images in the vortex state
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709.2642
Techniques, advances, problems and issues in numerical modelling of landslide hazard
Slope movements (e.g. landslides) are dynamic systems that are complex in time and space and closely linked to both inherited and current preparatory and triggering controls. It is not yet possible to assess in all cases conditions for failure, reactivation and rapid surges and successfully simulate their transient and multi-dimensional behaviour and development, although considerable progress has been made in isolating many of the key variables and elementary mechanisms and to include them in physically-based models for landslide hazard assessments. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to review the state-of-the-art in the understanding of landslide processes and to identify some pressing challenges for the development of our modelling capabilities in the forthcoming years for hazard assessment. This paper focuses on the special nature of slope movements and the difficulties related to simulating their complex time-dependent behaviour in mathematical, physically-based models. It analyses successively the research frontiers in the recognition of first-time failures (pre-failure and failure stages), reactivation and the catastrophic transition to rapid gravitational processes (post-failure stage). Subsequently, the paper discusses avenues to transfer local knowledge on landslide activity to landslide hazard forecasts on regional scales and ends with an outline how geomorphological investigations and supporting monitoring techniques could be applied to improve the theoretical concepts and the modelling performance of physically-based landslide models at different spatial and temporal scales.
physics.geo-ph
slope movements eg landslides are dynamic systems that are complex in time and space and closely linked to both inherited and current preparatory and triggering controls it is not yet possible to assess in all cases conditions for failure reactivation and rapid surges and successfully simulate their transient and multidimensional behaviour and development although considerable progress has been made in isolating many of the key variables and elementary mechanisms and to include them in physicallybased models for landslide hazard assessments therefore the objective of this paper is to review the stateoftheart in the understanding of landslide processes and to identify some pressing challenges for the development of our modelling capabilities in the forthcoming years for hazard assessment this paper focuses on the special nature of slope movements and the difficulties related to simulating their complex timedependent behaviour in mathematical physicallybased models it analyses successively the research frontiers in the recognition of firsttime failures prefailure and failure stages reactivation and the catastrophic transition to rapid gravitational processes postfailure stage subsequently the paper discusses avenues to transfer local knowledge on landslide activity to landslide hazard forecasts on regional scales and ends with an outline how geomorphological investigations and supporting monitoring techniques could be applied to improve the theoretical concepts and the modelling performance of physicallybased landslide models at different spatial and temporal scales
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709.2643
Decoherence induced by a dynamic spin environment (II): Disentanglement by local system-environment interactions
This article studies the decoherence induced on a system of two qubits by local interactions with a spin chain with nontrivial internal dynamics (governed by an XY Hamiltonian). Special attention is payed to the transition between two limits: one in which both qubits interact with the same site of the chain and another one where they interact with distant sites. The two cases exhibit different behaviours in the weak and strong coupling regimes: when the coupling is weak it is found that decoherence tends to decrease with distance, while for strong coupling the result is the opposite. Also, in the weak coupling case, the long distance limit is rapidly reached, while for strong coupling there is clear evidence of an expected effect: environment-induced interactions between the qubits of the system. A consequence of this is the appearance of quasiperiodic events that can be interpreted as ``sudden deaths'' and ``sudden revivals'' of the entanglement between the qubits, with a time scale related to the distance between them.
quant-ph
this article studies the decoherence induced on a system of two qubits by local interactions with a spin chain with nontrivial internal dynamics governed by an xy hamiltonian special attention is payed to the transition between two limits one in which both qubits interact with the same site of the chain and another one where they interact with distant sites the two cases exhibit different behaviours in the weak and strong coupling regimes when the coupling is weak it is found that decoherence tends to decrease with distance while for strong coupling the result is the opposite also in the weak coupling case the long distance limit is rapidly reached while for strong coupling there is clear evidence of an expected effect environmentinduced interactions between the qubits of the system a consequence of this is the appearance of quasiperiodic events that can be interpreted as sudden deaths and sudden revivals of the entanglement between the qubits with a time scale related to the distance between them
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709.2644
Totally geodesic submanifolds of the complex and the quaternionic 2-Grassmannians
In this article, I classify the totally geodesic submanifolds in the complex 2-Grassmannians and in the quaternionic 2-Grassmannians. It turns out that for both of these spaces, the earlier classification of maximal totally geodesic submanifolds in Riemannian symmetric spaces of rank 2, published by Chen and Nagano (B.-Y. Chen, T. Nagano, "Totally geodesic submanifolds of symmetric spaces, II", Duke Math. J. 45 (1978), 405--425) is incomplete. For example, G_2(H^n) with n >= 7 contains totally geodesic submanifolds isometric to a HP^2, its metric scaled such that the minimal sectional curvature is 1/5; they are maximal in G_2(H^7). Also G_2(C^n) with n >= 6 contains totally geodesic submanifolds which are isometric to a CP^2 contained in the HP^2 mentioned above; they are maximal in G_2(C^6). Neither submanifolds are mentioned in the cited paper by Chen and Nagano.
math.DG
in this article i classify the totally geodesic submanifolds in the complex 2grassmannians and in the quaternionic 2grassmannians it turns out that for both of these spaces the earlier classification of maximal totally geodesic submanifolds in riemannian symmetric spaces of rank 2 published by chen and nagano by chen t nagano totally geodesic submanifolds of symmetric spaces ii duke math j 45 1978 405425 is incomplete for example g_2hn with n 7 contains totally geodesic submanifolds isometric to a hp2 its metric scaled such that the minimal sectional curvature is 15 they are maximal in g_2h7 also g_2cn with n 6 contains totally geodesic submanifolds which are isometric to a cp2 contained in the hp2 mentioned above they are maximal in g_2c6 neither submanifolds are mentioned in the cited paper by chen and nagano
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709.2645
Solvable model for pair excitation in trapped Boson gas at zero temperature
In Bose-Einstein condensation, a macroscopically large number of particles occupy the same single-particle quantum state. Our goal is to study time-dependent aspects of particle excitations to states other than the single-particle macroscopic state in trapped dilute atomic gases. We adopt the view that atoms are excited in pairs so that their scattering from the single-particle state to vector positions x and y at time t is described by the pair-excitation function, K0(x,y,t). We solve a nonlocal equation for K0 under a slowly varying external potential by assuming that the wave function of the macroscopic state satisfies a time-independent nonlinear Schroedinger equation. For zero initial excitation (K0=0 at t=0) and sufficiently large t, we evaluate asymptotically K0 in terms of the one-variable Lommel function for any distance |x-y|.
math-ph math.MP
in boseeinstein condensation a macroscopically large number of particles occupy the same singleparticle quantum state our goal is to study timedependent aspects of particle excitations to states other than the singleparticle macroscopic state in trapped dilute atomic gases we adopt the view that atoms are excited in pairs so that their scattering from the singleparticle state to vector positions x and y at time t is described by the pairexcitation function k0xyt we solve a nonlocal equation for k0 under a slowly varying external potential by assuming that the wave function of the macroscopic state satisfies a timeindependent nonlinear schroedinger equation for zero initial excitation k00 at t0 and sufficiently large t we evaluate asymptotically k0 in terms of the onevariable lommel function for any distance xy
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709.2646
Markov models for accumulating mutations
We introduce and analyze a waiting time model for the accumulation of genetic changes. The continuous time conjunctive Bayesian network is defined by a partially ordered set of mutations and by the rate of fixation of each mutation. The partial order encodes constraints on the order in which mutations can fixate in the population, shedding light on the mutational pathways underlying the evolutionary process. We study a censored version of the model and derive equations for an EM algorithm to perform maximum likelihood estimation of the model parameters. We also show how to select the maximum likelihood poset. The model is applied to genetic data from different cancers and from drug resistant HIV samples, indicating implications for diagnosis and treatment.
q-bio.PE math.CO
we introduce and analyze a waiting time model for the accumulation of genetic changes the continuous time conjunctive bayesian network is defined by a partially ordered set of mutations and by the rate of fixation of each mutation the partial order encodes constraints on the order in which mutations can fixate in the population shedding light on the mutational pathways underlying the evolutionary process we study a censored version of the model and derive equations for an em algorithm to perform maximum likelihood estimation of the model parameters we also show how to select the maximum likelihood poset the model is applied to genetic data from different cancers and from drug resistant hiv samples indicating implications for diagnosis and treatment
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709.2647
Rupture by damage accumulation in rocks
The deformation of rocks is associated with microcracks nucleation and propagation, i.e. damage. The accumulation of damage and its spatial localization lead to the creation of a macroscale discontinuity, so-called "fault" in geological terms, and to the failure of the material, i.e. a dramatic decrease of the mechanical properties as strength and modulus. The damage process can be studied both statically by direct observation of thin sections and dynamically by recording acoustic waves emitted by crack propagation (acoustic emission). Here we first review such observations concerning geological objects over scales ranging from the laboratory sample scale (dm) to seismically active faults (km), including cliffs and rock masses (Dm, hm). These observations reveal complex patterns in both space (fractal properties of damage structures as roughness and gouge), time (clustering, particular trends when the failure approaches) and energy domains (power-law distributions of energy release bursts). We use a numerical model based on progressive damage within an elastic interaction framework which allows us to simulate these observations. This study shows that the failure in rocks can be the result of damage accumulation.
physics.geo-ph
the deformation of rocks is associated with microcracks nucleation and propagation ie damage the accumulation of damage and its spatial localization lead to the creation of a macroscale discontinuity socalled fault in geological terms and to the failure of the material ie a dramatic decrease of the mechanical properties as strength and modulus the damage process can be studied both statically by direct observation of thin sections and dynamically by recording acoustic waves emitted by crack propagation acoustic emission here we first review such observations concerning geological objects over scales ranging from the laboratory sample scale dm to seismically active faults km including cliffs and rock masses dm hm these observations reveal complex patterns in both space fractal properties of damage structures as roughness and gouge time clustering particular trends when the failure approaches and energy domains powerlaw distributions of energy release bursts we use a numerical model based on progressive damage within an elastic interaction framework which allows us to simulate these observations this study shows that the failure in rocks can be the result of damage accumulation
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709.2648
44Ti nucleosynthesis gamma-ray lines with SIMBOL-X
In this contribution we discuss the 44Ti nucleosynthesis gamma-ray lines and their visibility with SIMBOL-X from simulations based on its expected sensitivity and spectro-imaging capabilities. The 44Ti radioactive nucleus can provide invaluable information on the details of supernova explosions. Its lifetime of about 85 yrs makes it the best indicator of the youth of these stellar explosions through its three gamma-ray lines at 67.9, 78.4 keV and 1.157 MeV. We focus on the youngest Galactic supernova remnants, namely: Cassiopeia A, for which the location and Doppler-velocity estimates of the 44Ti-emitting regions in the remnant would offer for the first time a unique view of nucleosynthesis processes which occurred in the innermost layers of the supernova; SN 1987A, in the Large Magellanic Cloud, whose progenitor is known, and for which the expected measurement of these lines would greatly constrain the stellar evolution models; Tycho and Kepler SNRs for which 44Ti lines have never been detected so far. The issue of the "young, missing and hidden" supernova remnants in the Galaxy will also be addressed using SIMBOL-X observations at the position of the 44Ti excesses that wide-field instruments like those onboard INTEGRAL and SWIFT/BAT should be able to reveal.
astro-ph
in this contribution we discuss the 44ti nucleosynthesis gammaray lines and their visibility with simbolx from simulations based on its expected sensitivity and spectroimaging capabilities the 44ti radioactive nucleus can provide invaluable information on the details of supernova explosions its lifetime of about 85 yrs makes it the best indicator of the youth of these stellar explosions through its three gammaray lines at 679 784 kev and 1157 mev we focus on the youngest galactic supernova remnants namely cassiopeia a for which the location and dopplervelocity estimates of the 44tiemitting regions in the remnant would offer for the first time a unique view of nucleosynthesis processes which occurred in the innermost layers of the supernova sn 1987a in the large magellanic cloud whose progenitor is known and for which the expected measurement of these lines would greatly constrain the stellar evolution models tycho and kepler snrs for which 44ti lines have never been detected so far the issue of the young missing and hidden supernova remnants in the galaxy will also be addressed using simbolx observations at the position of the 44ti excesses that widefield instruments like those onboard integral and swiftbat should be able to reveal
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709.2649
EM Cygni: a study of its eclipse timings
EM Cygni is a Z Cam-subtype eclipsing dwarf nova. Its orbital period variations were reported in the past but the results were in conflict to each other while other studies allowed the possibility of no period variation. In this study we report accurate new times of minima of this eclipsing binary and update its O-C diagram. We also estimate the mass transfer rate in EM Cygni system and conclude that the mass transfer is far from the critical value. The mass transfer rate determined from the eclipse timings is in agreement with the spectroscopically determined value.
astro-ph
em cygni is a z camsubtype eclipsing dwarf nova its orbital period variations were reported in the past but the results were in conflict to each other while other studies allowed the possibility of no period variation in this study we report accurate new times of minima of this eclipsing binary and update its oc diagram we also estimate the mass transfer rate in em cygni system and conclude that the mass transfer is far from the critical value the mass transfer rate determined from the eclipse timings is in agreement with the spectroscopically determined value
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709.265
Funnel wall jets and the nature of the soft X-ray excess
The smooth soft X-ray excess seen in many type-1 AGN can be well described by models of absorption in partially ionized material with a large velocity dispersion, often physically interpreted as a radiatively driven accretion disk wind. However, the state-of-the-art XSCORT code, which calculates the photoionized radiative transfer through a differentially outflowing absorber, shows that terminal velocities of order ~0.9c are required in order to reproduce the soft X-ray excess. Such a high outflow velocity rules out UV-line driving, continuum radiation driving, and thermal driving as mechanisms for producing the wind. Entrainment of material by the magnetically driven jet is the only plausible origin of such a high velocity flow, but numerical simulations of jets and associated outflows do not currently show sufficient material at high enough velocities to reproduce the soft X-ray excess. If the soft excess is produced by absorption then it seems more likely that the material is clumpy and/or only partially covers the source rather than forming a continuous outflow.
astro-ph
the smooth soft xray excess seen in many type1 agn can be well described by models of absorption in partially ionized material with a large velocity dispersion often physically interpreted as a radiatively driven accretion disk wind however the stateoftheart xscort code which calculates the photoionized radiative transfer through a differentially outflowing absorber shows that terminal velocities of order 09c are required in order to reproduce the soft xray excess such a high outflow velocity rules out uvline driving continuum radiation driving and thermal driving as mechanisms for producing the wind entrainment of material by the magnetically driven jet is the only plausible origin of such a high velocity flow but numerical simulations of jets and associated outflows do not currently show sufficient material at high enough velocities to reproduce the soft xray excess if the soft excess is produced by absorption then it seems more likely that the material is clumpy andor only partially covers the source rather than forming a continuous outflow
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709.2651
Seismic precursory patterns before a cliff collapse and critical-point phenomena
We analyse the statistical pattern of seismicity before a 1-2 103 m3 chalk cliff collapse on the Normandie ocean shore, Western France. We show that a power law acceleration of seismicity rate and energy in both 40 Hz-1.5 kHz and 2 Hz-10kHz frequency range, is defined on 3 order of magnitude, within 2 hours from the collapse time. Simultaneously, the average size of the seismic events increases toward the time to failure. These in-situ results are derived from the only station located within one rupture length distance from the rock fall rupture plane. They mimic the "critical point" like behavior recovered from physical and numerical experiments before brittle failures and tertiary creep failures. Our analysis of this first seismic monitoring data of a cliff collapse suggests that the thermodynamic phase transition models for failure may apply for cliff collapse.
physics.geo-ph
we analyse the statistical pattern of seismicity before a 12 103 m3 chalk cliff collapse on the normandie ocean shore western france we show that a power law acceleration of seismicity rate and energy in both 40 hz15 khz and 2 hz10khz frequency range is defined on 3 order of magnitude within 2 hours from the collapse time simultaneously the average size of the seismic events increases toward the time to failure these insitu results are derived from the only station located within one rupture length distance from the rock fall rupture plane they mimic the critical point like behavior recovered from physical and numerical experiments before brittle failures and tertiary creep failures our analysis of this first seismic monitoring data of a cliff collapse suggests that the thermodynamic phase transition models for failure may apply for cliff collapse
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709.2652
The intracluster magnetic field power spectrum in Abell 2382
The goal of this work is to put constraints on the strength and structure of the magnetic field in the cluster of galaxies A2382. We investigate the relationship between magnetic field and Faraday rotation effects in the cluster, using numerical simulations as a reference for the observed polarization properties. For this purpose we present Very Large Array observations at 20 cm and 6 cm of two polarized radio sources embedded in A2382, and we obtained detailed rotation measure images for both of them. We simulated random three-dimensional magnetic field models with different power spectra and thus produced synthetic rotation measure images. By comparing our simulations with the observed polarization properties of the radio sources, we can determine the strength and the power spectrum of intra-cluster magnetic field fluctuations that best reproduce the observations. The data are consistent with a power law magnetic field power spectrum with the Kolmogorov index $n=11/3$, while the outer scale of the magnetic field fluctuations is of the order of 35 kpc. The average magnetic field strength at the cluster center is about 3 $\mu$G and decreases in the external region as the square root of the electron gas density. The average magnetic field strength in the central 1 Mpc$^{3}$ is about 1 $\mu$G.
astro-ph
the goal of this work is to put constraints on the strength and structure of the magnetic field in the cluster of galaxies a2382 we investigate the relationship between magnetic field and faraday rotation effects in the cluster using numerical simulations as a reference for the observed polarization properties for this purpose we present very large array observations at 20 cm and 6 cm of two polarized radio sources embedded in a2382 and we obtained detailed rotation measure images for both of them we simulated random threedimensional magnetic field models with different power spectra and thus produced synthetic rotation measure images by comparing our simulations with the observed polarization properties of the radio sources we can determine the strength and the power spectrum of intracluster magnetic field fluctuations that best reproduce the observations the data are consistent with a power law magnetic field power spectrum with the kolmogorov index n113 while the outer scale of the magnetic field fluctuations is of the order of 35 kpc the average magnetic field strength at the cluster center is about 3 mug and decreases in the external region as the square root of the electron gas density the average magnetic field strength in the central 1 mpc3 is about 1 mug
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709.2653
Quantum Fluctuations in the Superfluid State of the BCS-BEC Crossover
We determine the effects of quantum fluctuations about the T=0 mean field solution of the BCS-BEC crossover in a dilute Fermi gas using the functional integral method. These fluctuations are described in terms of the zero point motion of collective modes and the virtual scattering of gapped quasiparticles. We calculate their effects on various measurable properties, including chemical potential, ground state energy, the gap, the speed of sound and the Landau critical velocity. At unitarity, we find excellent agreement with quantum Monte Carlo and experimental results. In the BCS limit, we show analytically that we obtain Fermi liquid interaction corrections to thermodynamics including the Hartree shift. In the BEC limit, we show that the theory leads to an approximate description of the reduction of the scattering length for bosonic molecules and also obtain quantum depletion of the Lee-Yang form. At the end of the paper, we describe a method to include feedback of quantum fluctuations into the gap equation, and discuss the problems of self-consistent calculations in satisfying Goldstone's theorem and obtaining ultraviolet finite results at unitarity.
cond-mat.other cond-mat.supr-con
we determine the effects of quantum fluctuations about the t0 mean field solution of the bcsbec crossover in a dilute fermi gas using the functional integral method these fluctuations are described in terms of the zero point motion of collective modes and the virtual scattering of gapped quasiparticles we calculate their effects on various measurable properties including chemical potential ground state energy the gap the speed of sound and the landau critical velocity at unitarity we find excellent agreement with quantum monte carlo and experimental results in the bcs limit we show analytically that we obtain fermi liquid interaction corrections to thermodynamics including the hartree shift in the bec limit we show that the theory leads to an approximate description of the reduction of the scattering length for bosonic molecules and also obtain quantum depletion of the leeyang form at the end of the paper we describe a method to include feedback of quantum fluctuations into the gap equation and discuss the problems of selfconsistent calculations in satisfying goldstones theorem and obtaining ultraviolet finite results at unitarity
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709.2654
Impurity and quaternions in nonrelativistic scattering from a quantum memory
Models of quantum computing rely on transformations of the states of a quantum memory. We study mathematical aspects of a model proposed by Wu in which the memory state is changed via the scattering of incoming particles. This operation causes the memory content to deviate from a pure state, i.e. induces impurity. For nonrelativistic particles scattered from a two-state memory and sufficiently general interaction potentials in 1+1 dimensions, we express impurity in terms of quaternionic commutators. In this context, pure memory states correspond to null hyperbolic quaternions. In the case with point interactions, the scattering process amounts to appropriate rotations of quaternions in the frequency domain. Our work complements a previous analysis by Margetis and Myers (2006 J. Phys. A 39 11567--11581).
math-ph math.MP
models of quantum computing rely on transformations of the states of a quantum memory we study mathematical aspects of a model proposed by wu in which the memory state is changed via the scattering of incoming particles this operation causes the memory content to deviate from a pure state ie induces impurity for nonrelativistic particles scattered from a twostate memory and sufficiently general interaction potentials in 11 dimensions we express impurity in terms of quaternionic commutators in this context pure memory states correspond to null hyperbolic quaternions in the case with point interactions the scattering process amounts to appropriate rotations of quaternions in the frequency domain our work complements a previous analysis by margetis and myers 2006 j phys a 39 1156711581
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709.2655
Hyperfine structure of the metastable 3P2 state of alkaline earth atoms as an accurate probe of nuclear magnetic octupole moments
Measuring the hyperfine structure (HFS) of long-lived $^3P_2$ states of divalent atoms may offer the opportunity of extracting relatively unexplored nuclear magnetic octupole and electric hexadecapole moments. Here, using relativistic many-body methods of atomic structure and the nuclear shell model, we evaluate the effect of these higher nuclear moments on the hyperfine structure. We find that the sensitivity of HFS interval measurements in $^{87}$Sr needed to reveal the perturbation caused by the nuclear octupole moment is on the order of kHz. Results of similar analyses for $^{9}$Be, $^{25}$Mg, and $^{43}$Ca are also reported.
physics.atom-ph nucl-th
measuring the hyperfine structure hfs of longlived 3p_2 states of divalent atoms may offer the opportunity of extracting relatively unexplored nuclear magnetic octupole and electric hexadecapole moments here using relativistic manybody methods of atomic structure and the nuclear shell model we evaluate the effect of these higher nuclear moments on the hyperfine structure we find that the sensitivity of hfs interval measurements in 87sr needed to reveal the perturbation caused by the nuclear octupole moment is on the order of khz results of similar analyses for 9be 25mg and 43ca are also reported
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709.2656
On homogeneous pinning models and penalizations
In this note, we show how the penalization method, introduced in order to describe some non-trivial changes of the Wiener measure, can be applied to the study of some simple polymer models such as the pinning model. The bulk of the analysis is then focused on the study of a martingale which has to be computed as a Markovian limit.
math.PR
in this note we show how the penalization method introduced in order to describe some nontrivial changes of the wiener measure can be applied to the study of some simple polymer models such as the pinning model the bulk of the analysis is then focused on the study of a martingale which has to be computed as a markovian limit
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709.2657
A momentum-space representation of Green's functions with modified dispersion on ultra-static space-time
We consider the Green's functions associated to a scalar field propagating on a curved, ultra-static background, in the presence of modified dispersion relations. The usual proper-time deWitt-Schwinger procedure to obtain a series representation of the Green's functions is doomed to failure, because of higher order spatial derivatives in the Klein-Gordon operator. We show how to overcome this difficulty by considering a preferred frame, associated to a unit time-like vector. With respect to this frame, we can express the Green's functions as an integral over all frequencies of a space-dependent function. The latter can be expanded in momentum space, as a series with geometric coefficients similar to the deWitt-Schwinger's ones. By integrating over all frequencies, we finally find the expansion of the Green's function up to four derivatives of the metric tensor. The relation with the proper-time formalism is also discussed.
gr-qc hep-th
we consider the greens functions associated to a scalar field propagating on a curved ultrastatic background in the presence of modified dispersion relations the usual propertime dewittschwinger procedure to obtain a series representation of the greens functions is doomed to failure because of higher order spatial derivatives in the kleingordon operator we show how to overcome this difficulty by considering a preferred frame associated to a unit timelike vector with respect to this frame we can express the greens functions as an integral over all frequencies of a spacedependent function the latter can be expanded in momentum space as a series with geometric coefficients similar to the dewittschwingers ones by integrating over all frequencies we finally find the expansion of the greens function up to four derivatives of the metric tensor the relation with the propertime formalism is also discussed
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709.2658
Large-scale variations of the cosmic X-ray background and the X-ray emissivity of the local Universe
We study the cosmic X-ray background (CXB) intensity variations on large angular scales using slew data of the RXTE observatory. We detect intensity variations up to ~2% on angular scales of 20--40deg. These variations are partly correlated with the local large-scale structure, which allowed us to estimate the emissivity of the local Universe in the energy band 2--10 keV at 9+/-4 x 10^{38} ers/sec/Mpc^{3}. The spectral energy distribution of the large-angular-scale variations is hard and is compatible with that of the CXB, which implies that normal galaxies and clusters of galaxies, whose spectra are typically much softer, do not contribute more than 15% to the total X-ray emissivity of the local Universe. Most of the observed CXB anisotropy (after exclusion of point sources with fluxes >10^{-11} erg/s/cm^2) can be attributed to low-luminosity AGNs
astro-ph
we study the cosmic xray background cxb intensity variations on large angular scales using slew data of the rxte observatory we detect intensity variations up to 2 on angular scales of 2040deg these variations are partly correlated with the local largescale structure which allowed us to estimate the emissivity of the local universe in the energy band 210 kev at 94 x 1038 erssecmpc3 the spectral energy distribution of the largeangularscale variations is hard and is compatible with that of the cxb which implies that normal galaxies and clusters of galaxies whose spectra are typically much softer do not contribute more than 15 to the total xray emissivity of the local universe most of the observed cxb anisotropy after exclusion of point sources with fluxes 1011 ergscm2 can be attributed to lowluminosity agns
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709.2659
Growth of toric domains in the smectic phase of oxadiazoles
In a previous paper (Phase Transitions, 80(9), 987, 2007) we discussed the smectic and nematic textures of some mesomorphic oxadiazole compounds with terminal Cl-substituent. Optical microscope investigations showed a very interesting behaviour of smectic and nematic phases; the smectic phase has fan-shaped and toric textures and the nematic phase has spherulitic domains, which disappear as the sample is further heated, the texture changing into a smooth one. Here, we investigate four oxadiazole compounds with the same structure but terminal Br-substituent. The behaviour of the smectic and nematic phases is like that observed in the compounds with Cl. The focus of the paper is on the growth of toric domains from the nematic melt and on the role of defects in the domain structure.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
in a previous paper phase transitions 809 987 2007 we discussed the smectic and nematic textures of some mesomorphic oxadiazole compounds with terminal clsubstituent optical microscope investigations showed a very interesting behaviour of smectic and nematic phases the smectic phase has fanshaped and toric textures and the nematic phase has spherulitic domains which disappear as the sample is further heated the texture changing into a smooth one here we investigate four oxadiazole compounds with the same structure but terminal brsubstituent the behaviour of the smectic and nematic phases is like that observed in the compounds with cl the focus of the paper is on the growth of toric domains from the nematic melt and on the role of defects in the domain structure
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709.266
From Slow to Superluminal Propagation: Dispersive Properties of Surface Plasmon Polaritons in Linear Chains of Metallic Nanospheroids
We consider propagation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in linear periodic chains (LPCs) of prolate and oblate metallic spheroids. We show that the SPP group velocity can be efficiently controlled by varying the aspect ratio of the spheroids. For sufficiently small aspect ratios, a gap appears in the first Brillouin zone of the chain lattice in which propagating modes do not exist. depending on the SPP polarization, the gap extends to certain intervals of the Bloch wave number q. Thus, for transverse polarization, no propagating SPPs exist with wave numbers q such that q_c^\perp < | q | < \pi/h, h being the chain period. For longitudinally polarized SPPs, the gap spans the interval |q|<q_c^\parallel. Here q_c^\perp and q_c^\parallel are different constants which depend on the chain parameters, spheroid aspect ratio and its orientation with respect to the chain axis. The dependence of the dispersion curves on the spheroid aspect ratio leads to a number of interesting effects. In particular, bandwidth of SPPs that can propagate in an LPC can be substantially increased by utilizing prolate or oblate spheroids. When q is close to a critical value, so that |q - q_c^\perp|<<\pi/h or |q - q_c^\parallel|<<\pi/h, the decay length of the SPPs is dramatically increased. In addition, the dispersion curves acquire a very large positive or negative slope. This can be used to achieve superluminal group velocity for realistic chain parameters. We demonstrate superluminal propagation of Gaussian wave packets in numerical simulations. Both theory and simulations are based on Maxwell equations with account of retardation and, therefore, are fully relativistic.
physics.optics
we consider propagation of surface plasmon polaritons spps in linear periodic chains lpcs of prolate and oblate metallic spheroids we show that the spp group velocity can be efficiently controlled by varying the aspect ratio of the spheroids for sufficiently small aspect ratios a gap appears in the first brillouin zone of the chain lattice in which propagating modes do not exist depending on the spp polarization the gap extends to certain intervals of the bloch wave number q thus for transverse polarization no propagating spps exist with wave numbers q such that q_cperp q pih h being the chain period for longitudinally polarized spps the gap spans the interval qq_cparallel here q_cperp and q_cparallel are different constants which depend on the chain parameters spheroid aspect ratio and its orientation with respect to the chain axis the dependence of the dispersion curves on the spheroid aspect ratio leads to a number of interesting effects in particular bandwidth of spps that can propagate in an lpc can be substantially increased by utilizing prolate or oblate spheroids when q is close to a critical value so that q q_cperppih or q q_cparallelpih the decay length of the spps is dramatically increased in addition the dispersion curves acquire a very large positive or negative slope this can be used to achieve superluminal group velocity for realistic chain parameters we demonstrate superluminal propagation of gaussian wave packets in numerical simulations both theory and simulations are based on maxwell equations with account of retardation and therefore are fully relativistic
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709.2661
A Note On Mixed Mean Inequalities
We give a simpler proof of a result of Holland concerning a mixed arithmetic-geometric mean inequality. We also prove a result of mixed mean inequality involving the symmetric means.
math.CA
we give a simpler proof of a result of holland concerning a mixed arithmeticgeometric mean inequality we also prove a result of mixed mean inequality involving the symmetric means
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709.2662
Shannon-McMillan theorems for discrete random fields along curves and lower bounds for surface-order large deviations
The notion of a surface-order specific entropy h_c(P) of a two-dimensional discrete random field P along a curve c is introduced as the limit of rescaled entropies along lattice approximations of the blowups of c. Existence is shown by proving a corresponding Shannon-McMillan theorem. We obtain a representation of h_c(P) as a mixture of specific entropies along the tangent lines of c. As an application, the specific entropy along curves is used to refine Foellmer and Ort's lower bound for the large deviations of the empirical field of an attractive Gibbs measure from its ergodic behavior in the phase-transition regime.
math.PR math.ST stat.TH
the notion of a surfaceorder specific entropy h_cp of a twodimensional discrete random field p along a curve c is introduced as the limit of rescaled entropies along lattice approximations of the blowups of c existence is shown by proving a corresponding shannonmcmillan theorem we obtain a representation of h_cp as a mixture of specific entropies along the tangent lines of c as an application the specific entropy along curves is used to refine foellmer and orts lower bound for the large deviations of the empirical field of an attractive gibbs measure from its ergodic behavior in the phasetransition regime
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709.2663
Regularity of the density for the stochastic heat equation
We study the smoothness of the density of a semilinear heat equation with multiplicative spacetime white noise. Using Malliavin calculus, we reduce the problem to a question of negative moments of solutions of a linear heat equation with multiplicative white noise. Then we settle this question by proving that solutions to the linear equation have negative moments of all orders.
math.PR
we study the smoothness of the density of a semilinear heat equation with multiplicative spacetime white noise using malliavin calculus we reduce the problem to a question of negative moments of solutions of a linear heat equation with multiplicative white noise then we settle this question by proving that solutions to the linear equation have negative moments of all orders
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709.2664
Reference Frame Fields based on Quantum Theory Representations of Real and Complex Numbers
A quantum theory representations of real (R) and complex (C) numbers is given that is based on states of single, finite strings of qukits for any base k > 1. Both unary representations and the possibility that qukits with k a prime number are elementary and the rest composite are discussed. Cauchy sequences of qukit string states are defined from the arithmetic properties. The representations of R and C, as equivalence classes of these sequences, differ from classical kit string state representations in two ways: the freedom of choice of basis states, and the fact that each quantum theory representation is part of a mathematical structure that is itself based on the real and complex numbers. These aspects enable the description of 3 dimensional frame fields labeled by different k values, different basis or gauge choices, and different iteration stages. The reference frames in the field are based on each R and C representation where each frame contains representations of all physical theories as mathematical structures based on the R and C representation. Approaches to integrating this with physics are described. It is observed that R and C values of physical quantities, matrix elements, etc. which are viewed in a frame as elementary and featureless, are seen in a parent frame as equivalence classes of Cauchy sequences of qukit string states.
quant-ph hep-th math.GM
a quantum theory representations of real r and complex c numbers is given that is based on states of single finite strings of qukits for any base k 1 both unary representations and the possibility that qukits with k a prime number are elementary and the rest composite are discussed cauchy sequences of qukit string states are defined from the arithmetic properties the representations of r and c as equivalence classes of these sequences differ from classical kit string state representations in two ways the freedom of choice of basis states and the fact that each quantum theory representation is part of a mathematical structure that is itself based on the real and complex numbers these aspects enable the description of 3 dimensional frame fields labeled by different k values different basis or gauge choices and different iteration stages the reference frames in the field are based on each r and c representation where each frame contains representations of all physical theories as mathematical structures based on the r and c representation approaches to integrating this with physics are described it is observed that r and c values of physical quantities matrix elements etc which are viewed in a frame as elementary and featureless are seen in a parent frame as equivalence classes of cauchy sequences of qukit string states
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709.2665
Top Quark Physics at the Tevatron
The Tevatron proton-antiproton collider at Fermilab with its centre of mass energy of 1.96 TeV is currently the only source for the production of top quarks. Its increased luminosity and centre of mass energy in Run II allow both collider detectors CDF and D0 to study top quarks with unprecedented scrutiny. Recent results on the top quark's pair production cross section and its properties such as mass, electric charge, helicity of the W boson in its decay and branching fraction B(t->Wb) are presented and probe the validity of the Standard Model.
hep-ex
the tevatron protonantiproton collider at fermilab with its centre of mass energy of 196 tev is currently the only source for the production of top quarks its increased luminosity and centre of mass energy in run ii allow both collider detectors cdf and d0 to study top quarks with unprecedented scrutiny recent results on the top quarks pair production cross section and its properties such as mass electric charge helicity of the w boson in its decay and branching fraction btwb are presented and probe the validity of the standard model
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709.2666
Spinflation
We study the cosmological implications of including angular motion in the DBI brane inflation scenario. The non-canonical kinetic terms of the Dirac-Born-Infeld action give an interesting alternative to slow roll inflation, and cycling branes can drive periods of accelerated expansion in the Universe. We present explicit numerical solutions demonstrating brane inflation in the Klebanov-Strassler throat. We find that demanding sufficient inflation takes place in the throat is in conflict with keeping the brane's total energy low enough so that local gravitational backreaction on the Calabi-Yau manifold can be safely ignored. We deduce that spinflation (brane inflation with angular momentum) can ease this tension by providing extra e-foldings at the start of inflation. Cosmological expansion rapidly damps the angular momentum causing an exit to a more conventional brane inflation scenario. Finally, we set up a general framework for cosmological perturbation theory in this scenario, where we have multi-field non-standard kinetic term inflation.
hep-th astro-ph gr-qc hep-ph
we study the cosmological implications of including angular motion in the dbi brane inflation scenario the noncanonical kinetic terms of the diracborninfeld action give an interesting alternative to slow roll inflation and cycling branes can drive periods of accelerated expansion in the universe we present explicit numerical solutions demonstrating brane inflation in the klebanovstrassler throat we find that demanding sufficient inflation takes place in the throat is in conflict with keeping the branes total energy low enough so that local gravitational backreaction on the calabiyau manifold can be safely ignored we deduce that spinflation brane inflation with angular momentum can ease this tension by providing extra efoldings at the start of inflation cosmological expansion rapidly damps the angular momentum causing an exit to a more conventional brane inflation scenario finally we set up a general framework for cosmological perturbation theory in this scenario where we have multifield nonstandard kinetic term inflation
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709.2667
Cantor Spectrum for Schr\"odinger Operators with Potentials arising from Generalized Skew-shifts
We consider continuous $SL(2,\mathbb{R})$-cocycles over a strictly ergodic homeomorphism which fibers over an almost periodic dynamical system (generalized skew-shifts). We prove that any cocycle which is not uniformly hyperbolic can be approximated by one which is conjugate to an $SO(2,\mathbb{R})$-cocycle. Using this, we show that if a cocycle's homotopy class does not display a certain obstruction to uniform hyperbolicity, then it can be $C^0$-perturbed to become uniformly hyperbolic. For cocycles arising from Schr\"odinger operators, the obstruction vanishes and we conclude that uniform hyperbolicity is dense, which implies that for a generic continuous potential, the spectrum of the corresponding Schr\"odinger operator is a Cantor set.
math.DS math-ph math.MP math.SP
we consider continuous sl2mathbbrcocycles over a strictly ergodic homeomorphism which fibers over an almost periodic dynamical system generalized skewshifts we prove that any cocycle which is not uniformly hyperbolic can be approximated by one which is conjugate to an so2mathbbrcocycle using this we show that if a cocycles homotopy class does not display a certain obstruction to uniform hyperbolicity then it can be c0perturbed to become uniformly hyperbolic for cocycles arising from schrodinger operators the obstruction vanishes and we conclude that uniform hyperbolicity is dense which implies that for a generic continuous potential the spectrum of the corresponding schrodinger operator is a cantor set
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709.2668
Higgs Production by Gluon initiated Weak Boson Fusion
The gluon-gluon induced terms for Higgs production through weak-boson fusion are calculated. They form a finite and gauge-invariant subset of the NNLO corrections in the strong coupling constant. This is also the lowest order with sizeable t-channel colour exchange contributions, leading to additional hadronic activity between the outgoing jets.
hep-ph
the gluongluon induced terms for higgs production through weakboson fusion are calculated they form a finite and gaugeinvariant subset of the nnlo corrections in the strong coupling constant this is also the lowest order with sizeable tchannel colour exchange contributions leading to additional hadronic activity between the outgoing jets
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709.2669
Two-Dimensional Fluctuating Vesicles in Linear Shear Flow
The stochastic motion of a two-dimensional vesicle in linear shear flow is studied at finite temperature. In the limit of small deformations from a circle, Langevin-type equations of motion are derived, which are highly nonlinear due to the constraint of constant perimeter length. These equations are solved in the low temperature limit and using a mean field approach, in which the length constraint is satisfied only on average. The constraint imposes non-trivial correlations between the lowest deformation modes at low temperature. We also simulate a vesicle in a hydrodynamic solvent by using the multi-particle collision dynamics technique, both in the quasi-circular regime and for larger deformations, and compare the stationary deformation correlation functions and the time autocorrelation functions with theoretical predictions. Good agreement between theory and simulations is obtained.
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.stat-mech
the stochastic motion of a twodimensional vesicle in linear shear flow is studied at finite temperature in the limit of small deformations from a circle langevintype equations of motion are derived which are highly nonlinear due to the constraint of constant perimeter length these equations are solved in the low temperature limit and using a mean field approach in which the length constraint is satisfied only on average the constraint imposes nontrivial correlations between the lowest deformation modes at low temperature we also simulate a vesicle in a hydrodynamic solvent by using the multiparticle collision dynamics technique both in the quasicircular regime and for larger deformations and compare the stationary deformation correlation functions and the time autocorrelation functions with theoretical predictions good agreement between theory and simulations is obtained
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709.267
Finding Optimal Flows Efficiently
Among the models of quantum computation, the One-way Quantum Computer is one of the most promising proposals of physical realization, and opens new perspectives for parallelization by taking advantage of quantum entanglement. Since a one-way quantum computation is based on quantum measurement, which is a fundamentally nondeterministic evolution, a sufficient condition of global determinism has been introduced as the existence of a causal flow in a graph that underlies the computation. A O(n^3)-algorithm has been introduced for finding such a causal flow when the numbers of output and input vertices in the graph are equal, otherwise no polynomial time algorithm was known for deciding whether a graph has a causal flow or not. Our main contribution is to introduce a O(n^2)-algorithm for finding a causal flow, if any, whatever the numbers of input and output vertices are. This answers the open question stated by Danos and Kashefi and by de Beaudrap. Moreover, we prove that our algorithm produces an optimal flow (flow of minimal depth.) Whereas the existence of a causal flow is a sufficient condition for determinism, it is not a necessary condition. A weaker version of the causal flow, called gflow (generalized flow) has been introduced and has been proved to be a necessary and sufficient condition for a family of deterministic computations. Moreover the depth of the quantum computation is upper bounded by the depth of the gflow. However, the existence of a polynomial time algorithm that finds a gflow has been stated as an open question. In this paper we answer this positively with a polynomial time algorithm that outputs an optimal gflow of a given graph and thus finds an optimal correction strategy to the nondeterministic evolution due to measurements.
quant-ph
among the models of quantum computation the oneway quantum computer is one of the most promising proposals of physical realization and opens new perspectives for parallelization by taking advantage of quantum entanglement since a oneway quantum computation is based on quantum measurement which is a fundamentally nondeterministic evolution a sufficient condition of global determinism has been introduced as the existence of a causal flow in a graph that underlies the computation a on3algorithm has been introduced for finding such a causal flow when the numbers of output and input vertices in the graph are equal otherwise no polynomial time algorithm was known for deciding whether a graph has a causal flow or not our main contribution is to introduce a on2algorithm for finding a causal flow if any whatever the numbers of input and output vertices are this answers the open question stated by danos and kashefi and by de beaudrap moreover we prove that our algorithm produces an optimal flow flow of minimal depth whereas the existence of a causal flow is a sufficient condition for determinism it is not a necessary condition a weaker version of the causal flow called gflow generalized flow has been introduced and has been proved to be a necessary and sufficient condition for a family of deterministic computations moreover the depth of the quantum computation is upper bounded by the depth of the gflow however the existence of a polynomial time algorithm that finds a gflow has been stated as an open question in this paper we answer this positively with a polynomial time algorithm that outputs an optimal gflow of a given graph and thus finds an optimal correction strategy to the nondeterministic evolution due to measurements
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709.2671
A Back-reaction Induced Lower Bound on the Tensor-to-Scalar Ratio
There are large classes of inflationary models, particularly popular in the context of string theory and brane world approaches to inflation, in which the ratio of linearized tensor to scalar metric fluctuations is very small. In such models, however, gravitational waves produced by scalar modes cannot be neglected. We derive the lower bound on the tensor-to-scalar ratio by considering the back-reaction of the scalar perturbations as a source of gravitational waves. These results show that no cosmological model that is compatible with a metric scalar amplitude of $\approx 10^{-5}$ can have a ratio of the tensor to scalar power spectra less than $\approx 10^{-8}$ at recombination and that higher-order terms leads to logarithmic growth for r during radiation domination. Our lower bound also applies to non-inflationary models which produce an almost scale-invariant spectrum of coherent super-Hubble scale metric fluctuations.
astro-ph gr-qc hep-ph hep-th
there are large classes of inflationary models particularly popular in the context of string theory and brane world approaches to inflation in which the ratio of linearized tensor to scalar metric fluctuations is very small in such models however gravitational waves produced by scalar modes cannot be neglected we derive the lower bound on the tensortoscalar ratio by considering the backreaction of the scalar perturbations as a source of gravitational waves these results show that no cosmological model that is compatible with a metric scalar amplitude of approx 105 can have a ratio of the tensor to scalar power spectra less than approx 108 at recombination and that higherorder terms leads to logarithmic growth for r during radiation domination our lower bound also applies to noninflationary models which produce an almost scaleinvariant spectrum of coherent superhubble scale metric fluctuations
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709.2672
Description of two soliton collision for the quartic gKdV equation
This paper concerns the problem of collision of two solitons for the quartic generalized Korteweg-de Vries equation. We introduce a new framework to describe the collision in the special case where one soliton is small with respect to the other. We prove that the two soliton survive the collision, we describe the collision phenomenon (computation of the first order of the resulting shifts on the solitons). Moreover, we prove that in this situation, there does not exist pure two-soliton solutions.
math.AP
this paper concerns the problem of collision of two solitons for the quartic generalized kortewegde vries equation we introduce a new framework to describe the collision in the special case where one soliton is small with respect to the other we prove that the two soliton survive the collision we describe the collision phenomenon computation of the first order of the resulting shifts on the solitons moreover we prove that in this situation there does not exist pure twosoliton solutions
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709.2673
No axions in light shinning through a wall experiments
This paper has been withdrawn and a new version will be submitted soon
hep-th hep-ph
this paper has been withdrawn and a new version will be submitted soon
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709.2674
The Unusual Variability of the Large Magellanic Cloud Planetary Nebula RPJ 053059-683542
We present images and light curves of the bipolar Planetary Nebula RPJ 053059-683542 that was discovered in the Reid-Parker AAO/UKST H-alpha survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). The emission from this object appears entirely nebular, with the central star apparently obscured by a central band of absorption that bisects the nebula. The light curves, which were derived from images from the SuperMACHO project at CTIO, showed significant, spatially resolved variability over the period 2002 January through 2005 December. Remarkably, the emission from the two bright lobes of the nebula vary either independently, or similarly but with a phase lag of at least one year. The optical spectra show a low level of nebular excitation, and only modest N enrichment. Infrared photometry from the 2MASS and SAGE surveys indicates the presence of a significant quantity of dust. The available data imply that the central star has a close binary companion, and that the system has undergone some kind of outburst event that caused the nebular emission to first brighten and then fade. Further monitoring, high-resolution imaging, and detailed IR polarimetry and spectroscopy would uncover the nature of this nebula and the unseen ionizing source.
astro-ph
we present images and light curves of the bipolar planetary nebula rpj 053059683542 that was discovered in the reidparker aaoukst halpha survey of the large magellanic cloud lmc the emission from this object appears entirely nebular with the central star apparently obscured by a central band of absorption that bisects the nebula the light curves which were derived from images from the supermacho project at ctio showed significant spatially resolved variability over the period 2002 january through 2005 december remarkably the emission from the two bright lobes of the nebula vary either independently or similarly but with a phase lag of at least one year the optical spectra show a low level of nebular excitation and only modest n enrichment infrared photometry from the 2mass and sage surveys indicates the presence of a significant quantity of dust the available data imply that the central star has a close binary companion and that the system has undergone some kind of outburst event that caused the nebular emission to first brighten and then fade further monitoring highresolution imaging and detailed ir polarimetry and spectroscopy would uncover the nature of this nebula and the unseen ionizing source
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709.2675
Spectra of alternating Hilbert operators
Spectra of real alternating operators seem to be quite interesting from the view point of explaining the Riemann Hypothesis for various zeta functions. Unfortunately we have not sufficient experiments concerning this theme. Necessary works would be to supply new examples of spectra related to zeros and poles of zeta functions. A century ago Hilbert (1907) considered a kind of operators representing quadratic forms of infinitely many variables. Demonstrating the calculation of spectra for alternating Hilbert operators we hope to present a novel scheme in this paper. Authors expect this study encourages experts for further studies.
math.NT
spectra of real alternating operators seem to be quite interesting from the view point of explaining the riemann hypothesis for various zeta functions unfortunately we have not sufficient experiments concerning this theme necessary works would be to supply new examples of spectra related to zeros and poles of zeta functions a century ago hilbert 1907 considered a kind of operators representing quadratic forms of infinitely many variables demonstrating the calculation of spectra for alternating hilbert operators we hope to present a novel scheme in this paper authors expect this study encourages experts for further studies
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709.2676
The first polarimetric signatures of infrared jets in X-ray binaries
We present near-infrared linear spectropolarimetry of a sample of persistent X-ray binaries, Sco X-1, Cyg X-2 and GRS1915+105. The slopes of the spectra are shallower than what is expected from a standard steady-state accretion disc, and can be explained if the near-infrared flux contains a contribution from an optically thin jet. For the neutron star systems, Sco X-1 and Cyg X-2, the polarization levels at 2.4um are 1.3+/-0.10% and 5.4+/-0.7% respectively which is greater than the polarization level at 1.65um. This cannot be explained by interstellar polarization or electron scattering in the anisotropic environment of the accretion flow. We propose that the most likely explanation is that this is the polarimetric signature of synchrotron emission arising from close to the base of the jets in these systems. In the black hole system GRS1915+105 the observed polarization, although high (5.0+/-1.2% at 2.4um), may be consistent with interstellar polarization. For Sco X-1 the position angle of the radio jet on the sky is approximately perpendicular to the near-infrared position angle (electric vector), suggesting that the magnetic field is aligned with the jet. These observations may be a first step towards probing the ordering, alignment and variability of the outflow magnetic field in a region closer to the central accreting object than is observed in the radio band.
astro-ph
we present nearinfrared linear spectropolarimetry of a sample of persistent xray binaries sco x1 cyg x2 and grs1915105 the slopes of the spectra are shallower than what is expected from a standard steadystate accretion disc and can be explained if the nearinfrared flux contains a contribution from an optically thin jet for the neutron star systems sco x1 and cyg x2 the polarization levels at 24um are 13010 and 5407 respectively which is greater than the polarization level at 165um this cannot be explained by interstellar polarization or electron scattering in the anisotropic environment of the accretion flow we propose that the most likely explanation is that this is the polarimetric signature of synchrotron emission arising from close to the base of the jets in these systems in the black hole system grs1915105 the observed polarization although high 5012 at 24um may be consistent with interstellar polarization for sco x1 the position angle of the radio jet on the sky is approximately perpendicular to the nearinfrared position angle electric vector suggesting that the magnetic field is aligned with the jet these observations may be a first step towards probing the ordering alignment and variability of the outflow magnetic field in a region closer to the central accreting object than is observed in the radio band
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709.2677
Stability of two soliton collision for nonintegrable gKdV equations
We continue our study of the collision of two solitons for the subcritical generalized KdV equations. In a previous paper, mainly devoted to the case of the quartic gKdV equation, we have introduced a new framework to understand the collision of two solitons in the case where one soliton is small with respect to the other. In this paper, we consider the case of a general nonlinearity $f(u)$ for which the two solitons are nonlinearly stable. We prove that in this situation the two solitons survive and we describe the collision at the main orders.
math.AP
we continue our study of the collision of two solitons for the subcritical generalized kdv equations in a previous paper mainly devoted to the case of the quartic gkdv equation we have introduced a new framework to understand the collision of two solitons in the case where one soliton is small with respect to the other in this paper we consider the case of a general nonlinearity fu for which the two solitons are nonlinearly stable we prove that in this situation the two solitons survive and we describe the collision at the main orders
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709.2678
S-Parameter Uncertainties in Network Analyzer Measurements with Application to Antenna Patterns
An analytical method was developed, to estimate uncertainties in full two-port Vector Network Analyzer measurements, using total differentials of S-parameters. System error uncertainties were also estimated from total differentials involving two triples of standards, in the Direct Through connection case. Standard load uncertainties and measurement inaccuracies were represented by independent differentials. Complex uncertainty in any quantity, differentiably dependent on S-parameters, is estimated by the corresponding Differential Error Region. Real uncertainties, rectangular and polar, are estimated by the orthogonal parallelogram and annular sector circumscribed about the Differential Error Region, respectively. From the user's point of view, manufactures' data may be used to set the independent differentials and apply the method. Demonstration results include: (1) System error differentials for Short, matching Load and Open pairs of opposite sex standards; (2) System error uncertainties for VNA extended by two lengthy transmission lines of opposite sex end-connectors; (3) High uncertainties in Z-parameters against frequency of an appropriately designed, DC resistive, T-Network; (4) Moderate uncertainties in amplitude and phase patterns of a designed UHF radial discone antenna (azimuthally rotated by a built positioner, under developed software control of a built hardware controller) polarization coupled with a constructed gain standard antenna (stationary) into an anechoic chamber.
physics.gen-ph physics.ins-det
an analytical method was developed to estimate uncertainties in full twoport vector network analyzer measurements using total differentials of sparameters system error uncertainties were also estimated from total differentials involving two triples of standards in the direct through connection case standard load uncertainties and measurement inaccuracies were represented by independent differentials complex uncertainty in any quantity differentiably dependent on sparameters is estimated by the corresponding differential error region real uncertainties rectangular and polar are estimated by the orthogonal parallelogram and annular sector circumscribed about the differential error region respectively from the users point of view manufactures data may be used to set the independent differentials and apply the method demonstration results include 1 system error differentials for short matching load and open pairs of opposite sex standards 2 system error uncertainties for vna extended by two lengthy transmission lines of opposite sex endconnectors 3 high uncertainties in zparameters against frequency of an appropriately designed dc resistive tnetwork 4 moderate uncertainties in amplitude and phase patterns of a designed uhf radial discone antenna azimuthally rotated by a built positioner under developed software control of a built hardware controller polarization coupled with a constructed gain standard antenna stationary into an anechoic chamber
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709.2679
CP Violation in SUSY Particle Production and Decay
Recent studies about CP violation in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) with complex parameters are reviewed. In order to unambiguously identify the CP-violating phenomena it is necessary to study CP-odd or T-odd observables. In chargino and neutralino production and decay at the International Linear Collider (ILC) triple product asymmetries and asymmetries defined via transverse beam polarization have been analyzed. It has been found that these asymmetries can be measured at the ILC in a large region of the MSSM parameter space and are thus an important tool to establish CP violation in supersymmetry.
hep-ph
recent studies about cp violation in the minimal supersymmetric standard model mssm with complex parameters are reviewed in order to unambiguously identify the cpviolating phenomena it is necessary to study cpodd or todd observables in chargino and neutralino production and decay at the international linear collider ilc triple product asymmetries and asymmetries defined via transverse beam polarization have been analyzed it has been found that these asymmetries can be measured at the ilc in a large region of the mssm parameter space and are thus an important tool to establish cp violation in supersymmetry
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709.268
Topological properties of the contact network of granular packings
The force networks of different granular ensembles are defined and their topological properties studied using the tools of complex networks. In particular, for each set of grains compressed in a square box, it is introduced a force threshold that determines which contacts conform the network. Hence, the topological characteristics of the network are analyzed as a function of this parameter. The characterization of the structural features thus obtained, may be useful in the understanding of the macroscopic physical behavior exhibited by this class of media.
cond-mat.dis-nn
the force networks of different granular ensembles are defined and their topological properties studied using the tools of complex networks in particular for each set of grains compressed in a square box it is introduced a force threshold that determines which contacts conform the network hence the topological characteristics of the network are analyzed as a function of this parameter the characterization of the structural features thus obtained may be useful in the understanding of the macroscopic physical behavior exhibited by this class of media
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709.2681
Dirac fermions at the H point of graphite: Magneto-transmission studies
We report on far infrared magneto-transmission measurements on a thin graphite sample prepared by exfoliation of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. In magnetic field, absorption lines exhibiting a blue-shift proportional to sqrtB are observed. This is a fingerprint for massless Dirac holes at the H point in bulk graphite. The Fermi velocity is found to be c*=1.02x10^6 m/s and the pseudogap at the H point is estimated to be below 10 meV. Although the holes behave to a first approximation as a strictly 2D gas of Dirac fermions, the full 3D band structure has to be taken into account to explain all the observed spectral features.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.other
we report on far infrared magnetotransmission measurements on a thin graphite sample prepared by exfoliation of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite in magnetic field absorption lines exhibiting a blueshift proportional to sqrtb are observed this is a fingerprint for massless dirac holes at the h point in bulk graphite the fermi velocity is found to be c102x106 ms and the pseudogap at the h point is estimated to be below 10 mev although the holes behave to a first approximation as a strictly 2d gas of dirac fermions the full 3d band structure has to be taken into account to explain all the observed spectral features
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709.2682
Unified continuum approach to crystal surface morphological relaxation
A continuum theory is used to predict scaling laws for the morphological relaxation of crystal surfaces in two independent space dimensions. The goal is to unify previously disconnected experimental observations of decaying surface profiles. The continuum description is derived from the motion of interacting atomic steps. For isotropic diffusion of adatoms across each terrace, induced adatom fluxes transverse and parallel to step edges obey different laws, yielding a tensor mobility for the continuum surface flux. The partial differential equation (PDE) for the height profile expresses an interplay of step energetics and kinetics, and aspect ratio of surface topography that plausibly unifies observations of decaying bidirectional surface corrugations. The PDE reduces to known evolution equations for axisymmetric mounds and one-dimensional periodic corrugations.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
a continuum theory is used to predict scaling laws for the morphological relaxation of crystal surfaces in two independent space dimensions the goal is to unify previously disconnected experimental observations of decaying surface profiles the continuum description is derived from the motion of interacting atomic steps for isotropic diffusion of adatoms across each terrace induced adatom fluxes transverse and parallel to step edges obey different laws yielding a tensor mobility for the continuum surface flux the partial differential equation pde for the height profile expresses an interplay of step energetics and kinetics and aspect ratio of surface topography that plausibly unifies observations of decaying bidirectional surface corrugations the pde reduces to known evolution equations for axisymmetric mounds and onedimensional periodic corrugations
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709.2683
Test Stand Measurements for an ILC Polarimeter
The setup of two different small scale teststands for measurements regarding an electron Cherenkov detector as part of the ILC polarimeters is presented. Component measurements already carried out are analyzed and others, foreseen for the near future, are discussed. The larger one of the two teststands features the old Cherenkov detector of the SLD experiment, which will be used as a reference for a number of crucial measurements. Especially, the requirements for the non-linearity of the read-out chain are studied in greater detail and methods for its precise measurement before and during operation are being developed accordingly.
physics.ins-det
the setup of two different small scale teststands for measurements regarding an electron cherenkov detector as part of the ilc polarimeters is presented component measurements already carried out are analyzed and others foreseen for the near future are discussed the larger one of the two teststands features the old cherenkov detector of the sld experiment which will be used as a reference for a number of crucial measurements especially the requirements for the nonlinearity of the readout chain are studied in greater detail and methods for its precise measurement before and during operation are being developed accordingly
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709.2684
Winner-take-all selection in a neural system with delayed feedback
We consider the effects of temporal delay in a neural feedback system with excitation and inhibition. The topology of our model system reflects the anatomy of the avian isthmic circuitry, a feedback structure found in all classes of vertebrates. We show that the system is capable of performing a `winner-take-all' selection rule for certain combinations of excitatory and inhibitory feedback. In particular, we show that when the time delays are sufficiently large a system with local inhibition and global excitation can function as a `winner-take-all' network and exhibit oscillatory dynamics. We demonstrate how the origin of the oscillations can be attributed to the finite delays through a linear stability analysis.
physics.bio-ph
we consider the effects of temporal delay in a neural feedback system with excitation and inhibition the topology of our model system reflects the anatomy of the avian isthmic circuitry a feedback structure found in all classes of vertebrates we show that the system is capable of performing a winnertakeall selection rule for certain combinations of excitatory and inhibitory feedback in particular we show that when the time delays are sufficiently large a system with local inhibition and global excitation can function as a winnertakeall network and exhibit oscillatory dynamics we demonstrate how the origin of the oscillations can be attributed to the finite delays through a linear stability analysis
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709.2685
Long time deviation from exponential decay: non-integral power laws
Quantal systems are predicted to show a change-over from exponential decay to power law decay at very long times. Although most theoretical studies predict integer power-law exponents, recent measurements by Rothe et al. of decay luminescence of organic molecules in solution {Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 (2006) 163601} found non-integer exponents in most cases. We propose a physical mechanism, within the realm of scattering from potentials with long tails, which produces a continuous range of power law exponents. In the tractable case of the repulsive inverse square potential, we demonstrate a simple relation between the strength of the long range tail and the power law exponent. This system is amenable to experimental scrutiny.
quant-ph
quantal systems are predicted to show a changeover from exponential decay to power law decay at very long times although most theoretical studies predict integer powerlaw exponents recent measurements by rothe et al of decay luminescence of organic molecules in solution phys rev lett 96 2006 163601 found noninteger exponents in most cases we propose a physical mechanism within the realm of scattering from potentials with long tails which produces a continuous range of power law exponents in the tractable case of the repulsive inverse square potential we demonstrate a simple relation between the strength of the long range tail and the power law exponent this system is amenable to experimental scrutiny
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709.2686
A Stochastic Mean-Field Approach For Nuclear Dynamics
We propose a microscopic stochastic approach to improve description of nuclear dynamics beyond the mean-field approximation at low energies. It is shown that, for small amplitude fluctuations, the proposed model gives a result for the dispersion of a one-body observable that is identical to the result obtained previously through a variational approach. Furthermore, by projecting the proposed stochastic mean-field evolution on a collective path, a generalized Langevin equation is derived for collective variable, which incorporate one-body dissipation and one-body fluctuation mechanism in accordance with quantal fluctuation-dissipation relation.
nucl-th
we propose a microscopic stochastic approach to improve description of nuclear dynamics beyond the meanfield approximation at low energies it is shown that for small amplitude fluctuations the proposed model gives a result for the dispersion of a onebody observable that is identical to the result obtained previously through a variational approach furthermore by projecting the proposed stochastic meanfield evolution on a collective path a generalized langevin equation is derived for collective variable which incorporate onebody dissipation and onebody fluctuation mechanism in accordance with quantal fluctuationdissipation relation
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709.2687
Optimal test-configurations for toric varieties
On a K-unstable toric variety we show the existence of an optimal destabilising convex function. We show that if this is piecewise linear then it gives rise to a decomposition into semistable pieces analogous to the Harder-Narasimhan filtration of an unstable vector bundle. We also show that if the Calabi flow exists for all time on a toric variety then it minimises the Calabi functional. In this case the infimum of the Calabi functional is given by the supremum of the normalised Futaki invariants over all destabilising test-configurations, as predicted by a conjecture of Donaldson.
math.DG math.AG
on a kunstable toric variety we show the existence of an optimal destabilising convex function we show that if this is piecewise linear then it gives rise to a decomposition into semistable pieces analogous to the hardernarasimhan filtration of an unstable vector bundle we also show that if the calabi flow exists for all time on a toric variety then it minimises the calabi functional in this case the infimum of the calabi functional is given by the supremum of the normalised futaki invariants over all destabilising testconfigurations as predicted by a conjecture of donaldson
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709.2688
N\'eel and Valence-Bond Crystal phases of the Two-Dimensional Heisenberg Model on the Checkerboard Lattice
I use an improved version of the two-step density matrix renormalization group method to study ground-state properties of the 2D Heisenberg model on the checkerboard lattice. In this version the Hamiltonian is projected on a tensor product of two-leg ladders instead of chains. This allows investigations of 2D isotropic models. I show that this method can describe both the magnetically disordered and ordered phases. The ground-state phases of the checkerboard model as $J_2$ increases are: (i) N\'eel with $Q=(\pi,\pi)$, (ii) a valence bond crystal (VBC) of plaquettes, (iii) N\'eel with $Q=(\pi/2,\pi)$, and (iv) a VBC of crossed dimers. In agreement with previous results, I find that at the isotropic point $J_2=J_1$, the ground state is made of weakly interacting plaquettes with a large gap $\Delta \approx 0.67 J_1$ to triplet excitations.
cond-mat.str-el
i use an improved version of the twostep density matrix renormalization group method to study groundstate properties of the 2d heisenberg model on the checkerboard lattice in this version the hamiltonian is projected on a tensor product of twoleg ladders instead of chains this allows investigations of 2d isotropic models i show that this method can describe both the magnetically disordered and ordered phases the groundstate phases of the checkerboard model as j_2 increases are i neel with qpipi ii a valence bond crystal vbc of plaquettes iii neel with qpi2pi and iv a vbc of crossed dimers in agreement with previous results i find that at the isotropic point j_2j_1 the ground state is made of weakly interacting plaquettes with a large gap delta approx 067 j_1 to triplet excitations
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709.2689
An algorithm for solving the Independent Set problem
This paper has been withdrawn by the author, due an error in claim 1.
cs.DM
this paper has been withdrawn by the author due an error in claim 1
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709.269
Magnetic order and spin fluctuations in low-dimensional insulating systems
The current theoretical and experimental situations are reviewed for low-dimensional insulating systems with a low magnetic transition temperature TM and pronounced short-range magnetic order above this temperature. Both the standard and self-consistent spin-wave theories are shown to be insufficient to quantitatively describe the experimental data on these systems. Field-theoretical approaches taking into account the contribution of the spin-fluctuation excitations (neglected in the spin-wave theories) to the thermodynamic properties of ferro- and antiferromagnets are discussed.
cond-mat.str-el
the current theoretical and experimental situations are reviewed for lowdimensional insulating systems with a low magnetic transition temperature tm and pronounced shortrange magnetic order above this temperature both the standard and selfconsistent spinwave theories are shown to be insufficient to quantitatively describe the experimental data on these systems fieldtheoretical approaches taking into account the contribution of the spinfluctuation excitations neglected in the spinwave theories to the thermodynamic properties of ferro and antiferromagnets are discussed
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709.2691
Constraints and the E10 Coset Model
We continue the study of the one-dimensional E10 coset model (massless spinning particle motion on E10/K(E10) whose dynamics at low levels is known to coincide with the equations of motion of maximal supergravity theories in appropriate truncations. We show that the coset dynamics (truncated at levels less or equal to three) can be consistently restricted by requiring the vanishing of a set of constraints which are in one-to-one correspondence with the canonical constraints of supergravity. Hence, the resulting constrained sigma-model dynamics captures the full (constrained) supergravity dynamics in this truncation. Remarkably, the bosonic constraints are found to be expressible in a Sugawara-like (current x current) form in terms of the conserved E10 Noether current, and transform covariantly under an upper parabolic subgroup E10+ of E10. We discuss the possible implications of this result, and in particular exhibit a tantalising link with the usual affine Sugawara construction in the truncation of E10 to its affine subgroup E9.
hep-th
we continue the study of the onedimensional e10 coset model massless spinning particle motion on e10ke10 whose dynamics at low levels is known to coincide with the equations of motion of maximal supergravity theories in appropriate truncations we show that the coset dynamics truncated at levels less or equal to three can be consistently restricted by requiring the vanishing of a set of constraints which are in onetoone correspondence with the canonical constraints of supergravity hence the resulting constrained sigmamodel dynamics captures the full constrained supergravity dynamics in this truncation remarkably the bosonic constraints are found to be expressible in a sugawaralike current x current form in terms of the conserved e10 noether current and transform covariantly under an upper parabolic subgroup e10 of e10 we discuss the possible implications of this result and in particular exhibit a tantalising link with the usual affine sugawara construction in the truncation of e10 to its affine subgroup e9
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709.2692
Large-Nc Regge models and the <A^2> condensate
We explore the role of the <A^2> gluon condensate in matching Regge models to the operator product expansion of meson correlators.
hep-ph
we explore the role of the a2 gluon condensate in matching regge models to the operator product expansion of meson correlators
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709.2693
The Neon Abundance in the Ejecta of QU Vul From Late-Epoch IR Spectra
We present ground-based SpectroCam-10 mid-infrared, MMT optical, and Spitzer Space Telescope IRS mid-infrared spectra taken 7.62, 18.75, and 19.38 years respectively after the outburst of the old classical nova QU Vulpeculae (Nova Vul 1984 #2). The spectra of the ejecta are dominated by forbidden line emission from neon and oxygen. Our analysis shows that neon was, at the first and last epochs respectively, more than 76 and 168 times overabundant by number with respect to hydrogen compared to the solar value. These high lower limits to the neon abundance confirm that QU Vul involved a thermonuclear runaway on an ONeMg white dwarf and approach the yields predicted by models of the nucleosynthesis in such events.
astro-ph
we present groundbased spectrocam10 midinfrared mmt optical and spitzer space telescope irs midinfrared spectra taken 762 1875 and 1938 years respectively after the outburst of the old classical nova qu vulpeculae nova vul 1984 2 the spectra of the ejecta are dominated by forbidden line emission from neon and oxygen our analysis shows that neon was at the first and last epochs respectively more than 76 and 168 times overabundant by number with respect to hydrogen compared to the solar value these high lower limits to the neon abundance confirm that qu vul involved a thermonuclear runaway on an onemg white dwarf and approach the yields predicted by models of the nucleosynthesis in such events
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709.2694
Innovation Success and Structural Change: An Abstract Agent Based Study
A model is developed to study the effectiveness of innovation and its impact on structure creation and structure change on agent-based societies. The abstract model that is developed is easily adapted to any particular field. In any interacting environment, the agents receive something from the environment (the other agents) in exchange for their effort and pay the environment a certain amount of value for the fulfilling of their needs or for the very price of existence in that environment. This is coded by two bit strings and the dynamics of the exchange is based on the matching of these strings to those of the other agents. Innovation is related to the adaptation by the agents of their bit strings to improve some utility function.
q-fin.GN nlin.AO
a model is developed to study the effectiveness of innovation and its impact on structure creation and structure change on agentbased societies the abstract model that is developed is easily adapted to any particular field in any interacting environment the agents receive something from the environment the other agents in exchange for their effort and pay the environment a certain amount of value for the fulfilling of their needs or for the very price of existence in that environment this is coded by two bit strings and the dynamics of the exchange is based on the matching of these strings to those of the other agents innovation is related to the adaptation by the agents of their bit strings to improve some utility function
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709.2695
Bimodality and hysteresis in systems driven by confined L\'evy flights
We demonstrate occurrence of bimodality and dynamical hysteresis in a system describing an overdamped quartic oscillator perturbed by additive white and asymmetric L\'evy noise. Investigated estimators of the stationary probability density profiles display not only a turnover from unimodal to bimodal character but also a change in a relative stability of stationary states that depends on the asymmetry parameter of the underlying noise term. When varying the asymmetry parameter cyclically, the system exhibits a hysteresis in the occupation of a chosen stationary state.
cond-mat.stat-mech
we demonstrate occurrence of bimodality and dynamical hysteresis in a system describing an overdamped quartic oscillator perturbed by additive white and asymmetric levy noise investigated estimators of the stationary probability density profiles display not only a turnover from unimodal to bimodal character but also a change in a relative stability of stationary states that depends on the asymmetry parameter of the underlying noise term when varying the asymmetry parameter cyclically the system exhibits a hysteresis in the occupation of a chosen stationary state
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709.2696
Sylow's theorem for Moufang loops
For finite Moufang loops, we prove an analog of the first Sylow theorem giving a criterion of the existence of a p-Sylow subloop. We also find the maximal order of p-subloops in the Moufang loops that do not possess p-Sylow subloops.
math.GR
for finite moufang loops we prove an analog of the first sylow theorem giving a criterion of the existence of a psylow subloop we also find the maximal order of psubloops in the moufang loops that do not possess psylow subloops
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709.2697
Line Shapes of the X(3872)
If the quantum numbers of the X(3872) are J^{PC}=1^{++}, the measurement of its mass implies that it is either a loosely-bound hadronic molecule whose constituents are a superposition of the charm mesons pairs D^{*0} Dbar^0 and D^0 Dbar^{*0} or else it is a virtual state of these charm mesons. Its binding energy is small enough that the decay width of a constituent D^{*0} or Dbar^{*0} has a significant effect on the line shapes of the X resonance. We develop a simple approximation to the line shapes that takes into account the effect of the D^{*0} width as well as inelastic scattering channels of the charm mesons. We carry out a simultaneous fit to the line shapes in the J/psi pi^+ pi^- and D^0 Dbar^0 pi^0 channels measured in the decays B^+ to K^+ + X by the Belle Collaboration. The best fit corresponds to the X(3872) being a bound state just below the D^{*0} Dbar^0 threshold, but a virtual state just above the D^{*0} D-ar^0 threshold is not excluded.
hep-ph
if the quantum numbers of the x3872 are jpc1 the measurement of its mass implies that it is either a looselybound hadronic molecule whose constituents are a superposition of the charm mesons pairs d0 dbar0 and d0 dbar0 or else it is a virtual state of these charm mesons its binding energy is small enough that the decay width of a constituent d0 or dbar0 has a significant effect on the line shapes of the x resonance we develop a simple approximation to the line shapes that takes into account the effect of the d0 width as well as inelastic scattering channels of the charm mesons we carry out a simultaneous fit to the line shapes in the jpsi pi pi and d0 dbar0 pi0 channels measured in the decays b to k x by the belle collaboration the best fit corresponds to the x3872 being a bound state just below the d0 dbar0 threshold but a virtual state just above the d0 dar0 threshold is not excluded
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709.2698
Minimal conductivity of rippled graphene with topological disorder
We study the transport properties of a neutral graphene sheet with curved regions induced or stabilized by topological defects. The proposed model gives rise to Dirac fermions in a random magnetic field and in the random space dependent Fermi velocity induced by the curvature. This last term leads to singular long range correlated disorder with special characteristics. The Drude minimal conductivity at zero energy is found to be inversely proportional to the density of topological disorder, a signature of diffusive behavior.
cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.other
we study the transport properties of a neutral graphene sheet with curved regions induced or stabilized by topological defects the proposed model gives rise to dirac fermions in a random magnetic field and in the random space dependent fermi velocity induced by the curvature this last term leads to singular long range correlated disorder with special characteristics the drude minimal conductivity at zero energy is found to be inversely proportional to the density of topological disorder a signature of diffusive behavior
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709.2699
Validating relativistic models of nuclear structure against theoretical, experimental, and observational constraints
Relativistic mean-field models of nuclear structure have been enormously successful at reproducing ground-state properties of finite nuclei throughout the periodic table using a handful of accurately calibrated parameters. In this contribution we use powerful theoretical, experimental, and observational constraints -- not employed in the calibration procedure -- to validate two such models: NL3 and FSUGold. It is observed that FSUGold is consistent with all these constraints, except perhaps for a high density equation of state that appears mildly softer than required by astronomical observations. It is argued that incorporating such constrains goes a long way in removing much of the ambiguity left over from the standard calibrating procedure.
nucl-th astro-ph nucl-ex
relativistic meanfield models of nuclear structure have been enormously successful at reproducing groundstate properties of finite nuclei throughout the periodic table using a handful of accurately calibrated parameters in this contribution we use powerful theoretical experimental and observational constraints not employed in the calibration procedure to validate two such models nl3 and fsugold it is observed that fsugold is consistent with all these constraints except perhaps for a high density equation of state that appears mildly softer than required by astronomical observations it is argued that incorporating such constrains goes a long way in removing much of the ambiguity left over from the standard calibrating procedure
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709.27
Automorphisms of higher-dimensional right-angled Artin groups
We study the algebraic structure of the automorphism group of a general right-angled Artin group. We show that this group is virtually torsion-free and has finite virtual cohomological dimension. This generalizes results proved by the authors and John Crisp (arXiv:math/0610980) for two-dimensional right-angled Artin groups.
math.GR
we study the algebraic structure of the automorphism group of a general rightangled artin group we show that this group is virtually torsionfree and has finite virtual cohomological dimension this generalizes results proved by the authors and john crisp arxivmath0610980 for twodimensional rightangled artin groups
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709.2701
Extending the optimum interval method
The optimum interval method for finding an upper limit of a one-dimensionally distributed signal in the presence of an unknown background is extended to the case of high statistics. There is also some discussion of how the method can be extended to the multiple dimensional case.
physics.data-an physics.gen-ph stat.AP
the optimum interval method for finding an upper limit of a onedimensionally distributed signal in the presence of an unknown background is extended to the case of high statistics there is also some discussion of how the method can be extended to the multiple dimensional case
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709.2702
Fourier series on fractals: a parallel with wavelet theory
We study orthogonality relations for Fourier frequencies and complex exponentials in Hilbert spaces $L^2(\mu)$ with measures $\mu$ arising from iterated function systems (IFS). This includes equilibrium measures in complex dynamics. Motivated by applications, we draw parallels between analysis of fractal measures on the one hand, and the geometry of wavelets on the other. We are motivated by spectral theory for commuting partial differential operators and related duality notions. While stated initially for bounded and open regions in $\br^d$, they have since found reformulations in the theory of fractals and wavelets. We include a historical sketch with questions from early operator theory.
math.FA math.DS
we study orthogonality relations for fourier frequencies and complex exponentials in hilbert spaces l2mu with measures mu arising from iterated function systems ifs this includes equilibrium measures in complex dynamics motivated by applications we draw parallels between analysis of fractal measures on the one hand and the geometry of wavelets on the other we are motivated by spectral theory for commuting partial differential operators and related duality notions while stated initially for bounded and open regions in brd they have since found reformulations in the theory of fractals and wavelets we include a historical sketch with questions from early operator theory
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709.2703
Disentanglement and decoherence in a pair of qutrits under dephasing noise
We relate disentanglement and decoherence rates in a pair of three-level atoms subjected to multi-local and collective pure dephasing noise acting in a preferred basis. The bipartite entanglement decay rate, as bounded from above by the negativity, is found to be greater than or equal to the dephasing-decoherence rates characterized by the decay of off-diagonal elements in the corresponding full density matrix describing the system or the reduced density matrix describing either qutrit, extending previous results for qubit pairs subject to such noise.
quant-ph
we relate disentanglement and decoherence rates in a pair of threelevel atoms subjected to multilocal and collective pure dephasing noise acting in a preferred basis the bipartite entanglement decay rate as bounded from above by the negativity is found to be greater than or equal to the dephasingdecoherence rates characterized by the decay of offdiagonal elements in the corresponding full density matrix describing the system or the reduced density matrix describing either qutrit extending previous results for qubit pairs subject to such noise
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709.2704
On RSA Moduli with Almost Half of the Bits Prescribed
We show that using character sum estimates due to H. Iwaniec leads to an improvement of recent results about the distribution and finding RSA moduli $M=pl$, where $p$ and $l$ are primes, with prescribed bit patterns. We are now able to specify about $n$ bits instead of about $n/2$ bits as in the previous work. We also show that the same result of H. Iwaniec can be used to obtain an unconditional version of a combinatorial result of W. de Launey and D. Gordon that was originally derived under the Extended Riemann Hypothesis.
math.NT
we show that using character sum estimates due to h iwaniec leads to an improvement of recent results about the distribution and finding rsa moduli mpl where p and l are primes with prescribed bit patterns we are now able to specify about n bits instead of about n2 bits as in the previous work we also show that the same result of h iwaniec can be used to obtain an unconditional version of a combinatorial result of w de launey and d gordon that was originally derived under the extended riemann hypothesis
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709.2705
Classification of connecting solutions of semilinear parabolic equations
For a given semilinear parabolic equation with polynomial nonlinearity, many solutions blow up in finite time. For a certain large class of these equations, we show that some of the solutions which do not blow up actually tend to equilibria. The characterizing property of such solutions is a finite energy constraint, which comes about from the fact that this class of equations can be written as the $L^2$ gradient of a certain functional.
math.AP
for a given semilinear parabolic equation with polynomial nonlinearity many solutions blow up in finite time for a certain large class of these equations we show that some of the solutions which do not blow up actually tend to equilibria the characterizing property of such solutions is a finite energy constraint which comes about from the fact that this class of equations can be written as the l2 gradient of a certain functional
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709.2706
B(Ds^+ -> l^+ nu) and the Decay Constant f_(D_s^+)
I report final CLEO-c results on the purely leptonic decays of the D_s^+ -> l^+ nu, for the cases when l^+ is a mu^+ or tau^+, when it decays into pi^+ anti-nu, using 314/pb of data at 4.170 GeV. I also include preliminary results from the tau^+ -> e^+ nu anti-nu channel using 195/pb. Combining both we measure f_{D_s}= 275 +/- 10 +/- 5 MeV, and f_{D_s^+}/{f_{D^+}=1.24 +/- 0.10 =/- 0.03 .
hep-ex hep-lat hep-ph
i report final cleoc results on the purely leptonic decays of the d_s l nu for the cases when l is a mu or tau when it decays into pi antinu using 314pb of data at 4170 gev i also include preliminary results from the tau e nu antinu channel using 195pb combining both we measure f_d_s 275 10 5 mev and f_d_sf_d124 010 003
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709.2707
Electrical expression of spin accumulation in ferromagnet/semiconductor structures
We treat the spin injection and extraction via a ferromagnetic metal/semiconductor Schottky barrier as a quantum scattering problem. This enables the theory to explain a number of phenomena involving spin-dependent current through the Schottky barrier, especially the counter-intuitive spin polarization direction in the semiconductor due to current extraction seen in recent experiments. A possible explanation of this phenomenon involves taking into account the spin-dependent inelastic scattering via the bound states in the interface region. The quantum-mechanical treatment of spin transport through the interface is coupled with the semiclassical description of transport in the adjoining media, in which we take into account the in-plane spin diffusion along the interface in the planar geometry used in experiments. The theory forms the basis of the calculation of spin-dependent current flow in multi-terminal systems, consisting of a semiconductor channel with many ferromagnetic contacts attached, in which the spin accumulation created by spin injection/extraction can be efficiently sensed by electrical means. A three-terminal system can be used as a magnetic memory cell with the bit of information encoded in the magnetization of one of the contacts. Using five terminals we construct a reprogrammable logic gate, in which the logic inputs and the functionality are encoded in magnetizations of the four terminals, while the current out of the fifth one gives a result of the operation.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.mes-hall
we treat the spin injection and extraction via a ferromagnetic metalsemiconductor schottky barrier as a quantum scattering problem this enables the theory to explain a number of phenomena involving spindependent current through the schottky barrier especially the counterintuitive spin polarization direction in the semiconductor due to current extraction seen in recent experiments a possible explanation of this phenomenon involves taking into account the spindependent inelastic scattering via the bound states in the interface region the quantummechanical treatment of spin transport through the interface is coupled with the semiclassical description of transport in the adjoining media in which we take into account the inplane spin diffusion along the interface in the planar geometry used in experiments the theory forms the basis of the calculation of spindependent current flow in multiterminal systems consisting of a semiconductor channel with many ferromagnetic contacts attached in which the spin accumulation created by spin injectionextraction can be efficiently sensed by electrical means a threeterminal system can be used as a magnetic memory cell with the bit of information encoded in the magnetization of one of the contacts using five terminals we construct a reprogrammable logic gate in which the logic inputs and the functionality are encoded in magnetizations of the four terminals while the current out of the fifth one gives a result of the operation
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709.2708
de Sitter limit of inflation and nonlinear perturbation theory
We study the fourth order action of the comoving curvature perturbation in an inflationary universe in order to understand more systematically the de Sitter limit in nonlinear cosmological perturbation theory. We derive the action of the curvature perturbation to fourth order in the comoving gauge, and show that it vanishes sufficiently fast in the de Sitter limit. By studying the de Sitter limit, we then extrapolate to the n'th order action of the comoving curvature perturbation and discuss the slow-roll order of the n-point correlation function.
hep-th astro-ph gr-qc
we study the fourth order action of the comoving curvature perturbation in an inflationary universe in order to understand more systematically the de sitter limit in nonlinear cosmological perturbation theory we derive the action of the curvature perturbation to fourth order in the comoving gauge and show that it vanishes sufficiently fast in the de sitter limit by studying the de sitter limit we then extrapolate to the nth order action of the comoving curvature perturbation and discuss the slowroll order of the npoint correlation function
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709.2709
Resummation and NLO Matching of Event Shapes with Effective Field Theory
The resummed differential thrust rate in e+e- annihilation is calculated using Soft-Collinear Effective Theory (SCET). The resulting distribution in the two-jet region T~1 is found to agree with the corresponding expression derived by the standard approach. A matching procedure to account for finite corrections at T < 1 is then described. There are two important advantages of the SCET approach. First, SCET manifests a dynamical seesaw scale q = p^2/Q in addition to the center-of-mass energy Q and the jet mass scale p ~ Q ~ sqrt(1 - T). Thus, the resummation of logs of p/q can be cleanly distinguished from the resummation of logs of Q/p. Second, finite parts of loop amplitudes appear in specific places in the perturbative distribution: in the matching to the hard function, at the scale Q, in matching to the jet function, at the scale p, and in matching to the soft function, at the scale q. This allows for a consistent merger of fixed order corrections and resummation. In particular, the total NLO e+e- cross section is reproduced from these finite parts without having to perform additional infrared regulation.
hep-ph
the resummed differential thrust rate in ee annihilation is calculated using softcollinear effective theory scet the resulting distribution in the twojet region t1 is found to agree with the corresponding expression derived by the standard approach a matching procedure to account for finite corrections at t 1 is then described there are two important advantages of the scet approach first scet manifests a dynamical seesaw scale q p2q in addition to the centerofmass energy q and the jet mass scale p q sqrt1 t thus the resummation of logs of pq can be cleanly distinguished from the resummation of logs of qp second finite parts of loop amplitudes appear in specific places in the perturbative distribution in the matching to the hard function at the scale q in matching to the jet function at the scale p and in matching to the soft function at the scale q this allows for a consistent merger of fixed order corrections and resummation in particular the total nlo ee cross section is reproduced from these finite parts without having to perform additional infrared regulation
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709.271
Extension of log pluricanonical forms from subvarieties
In this paper, I prove a very general extension theorem for log pluricanonical systems. The main application of this extension theorem is (together with Kawamata's subadjunction theorem) to give an optimal subadjunction theorem which relates the positivities of canonical bundle of the ambient projective manifold and that of the (maximal) center of log canonical singularities. This is an extension of the corresponding result in my previous work where I dealt with log pluricanonical systems of general type. This subadjunction theorem indicates an approach to solve the abundance conjecture for canonical divisors (or log canonical divisors) in terms of the induction in dimension.
math.AG math.CV
in this paper i prove a very general extension theorem for log pluricanonical systems the main application of this extension theorem is together with kawamatas subadjunction theorem to give an optimal subadjunction theorem which relates the positivities of canonical bundle of the ambient projective manifold and that of the maximal center of log canonical singularities this is an extension of the corresponding result in my previous work where i dealt with log pluricanonical systems of general type this subadjunction theorem indicates an approach to solve the abundance conjecture for canonical divisors or log canonical divisors in terms of the induction in dimension
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709.2711
Population synthesis at short wavelengths and spectrophotometric diagnostic tools for galaxy evolution
Taking advantage of recent important advances in the calculation of high-resolution spectral grids of stellar atmospheres at short wavelengths, and their implementation for population synthesis models, we briefly review here some special properties of ultraviolet emission in SSPs, and discuss their potential applications for identifying and tuning up effective diagnostic tools to probe distinctive evolutionary properties of early-type galaxies and other evolved stellar systems.
astro-ph
taking advantage of recent important advances in the calculation of highresolution spectral grids of stellar atmospheres at short wavelengths and their implementation for population synthesis models we briefly review here some special properties of ultraviolet emission in ssps and discuss their potential applications for identifying and tuning up effective diagnostic tools to probe distinctive evolutionary properties of earlytype galaxies and other evolved stellar systems
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709.2712
Clustering properties of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays and the search for their astrophysical sources
The arrival directions of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) may show anisotropies on all scales, from just above the experimental angular resolution up to medium scales and dipole anisotropies. We find that a global comparison of the two-point auto-correlation function of the data with the one of catalogues of potential sources is a powerful diagnostic tool. In particular, this method is far less sensitive to unknown deflections in magnetic fields than cross-correlation studies while keeping a strong discrimination power among source candidates. We illustrate these advantages by considering ordinary galaxies, gamma ray bursts and active galactic nuclei as possible sources. Already the sparse publicly available data suggest that the sources of UHECRs may be a strongly clustered sub-sample of galaxies or of active galactic nuclei. We present forecasts for various cases of source distributions which can be checked soon by the Pierre Auger Observatory.
astro-ph hep-ph
the arrival directions of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays uhecrs may show anisotropies on all scales from just above the experimental angular resolution up to medium scales and dipole anisotropies we find that a global comparison of the twopoint autocorrelation function of the data with the one of catalogues of potential sources is a powerful diagnostic tool in particular this method is far less sensitive to unknown deflections in magnetic fields than crosscorrelation studies while keeping a strong discrimination power among source candidates we illustrate these advantages by considering ordinary galaxies gamma ray bursts and active galactic nuclei as possible sources already the sparse publicly available data suggest that the sources of uhecrs may be a strongly clustered subsample of galaxies or of active galactic nuclei we present forecasts for various cases of source distributions which can be checked soon by the pierre auger observatory
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709.2713
On the Signed Small Ball Inequality
This paper is a companion to our prior paper arXiv:0705.4619 on the `Small Ball Inequality in All Dimensions.' In it, we address a more restrictive inequality, and obtain a non-trivial, explicit bound, using a single essential estimate from our prior paper. The prior bound was not explicit and much more involved.
math.CA
this paper is a companion to our prior paper arxiv07054619 on the small ball inequality in all dimensions in it we address a more restrictive inequality and obtain a nontrivial explicit bound using a single essential estimate from our prior paper the prior bound was not explicit and much more involved
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709.2714
Adaptive Optics Rest-Frame V-band Imaging of Lyman Break Galaxies at z~3: High-surface Density Disk-like Galaxies ?
In order to reveal the rest-frame V-band morphology of galaxies at z~3, we conducted AO-assisted K-band imaging observations of z~3 LBGs with Mv*-0.5 to Mv*+3.0 mag. LBGs brighter than Mv* have larger rHL (0.40") than the fainter LBGs (0.23") on average, and there is no bright LBGs with a small rHL. The LBGs brighter than Mv* have red rest-frame U-V colors (average of 0.2 mag) and most of the fainter LBGs show blue rest-frame U-V colors (average of -0.4 mag). The K-band peaks of some of the LBGs brighter than K=22.0 mag show significant shift from those in the optical images. The images of all but one of the LBGs with K<21.5 mag are fitted well with Sersic profile with n index less than 2, similar to disk galaxies in the local universe. Assuming that the LBGs have a disk-shape, we compared their size-luminosity and size-stellar mass relation with those of z=0 and z=1 disk galaxies. The LBGs are brighter than z=0 and z=1 disk galaxies at the same effective radius. The rest-frame V-band surface brightness of the LBGs are 2.2-2.9 mag and 1.2-1.9 mag brighter than the disk galaxies at z=0 and z=1, respectively. The size-stellar mass relation of the LBGs shows that the effective radii of the LBGs do not depend on their stellar mass. For the LBGs brighter than Mv*, the average surface stellar mass density is 3-6 times larger than those of the z=0 and z=1 disk galaxies. We also examine the profiles of the serendipitously observed DRGs. They are also fitted with the Sersic profiles with n<2. The implications of the dominance of n<2 population among galaxies at z~3 and the presence of the high surface stellar mass density disk systems are discussed.
astro-ph
in order to reveal the restframe vband morphology of galaxies at z3 we conducted aoassisted kband imaging observations of z3 lbgs with mv05 to mv30 mag lbgs brighter than mv have larger rhl 040 than the fainter lbgs 023 on average and there is no bright lbgs with a small rhl the lbgs brighter than mv have red restframe uv colors average of 02 mag and most of the fainter lbgs show blue restframe uv colors average of 04 mag the kband peaks of some of the lbgs brighter than k220 mag show significant shift from those in the optical images the images of all but one of the lbgs with k215 mag are fitted well with sersic profile with n index less than 2 similar to disk galaxies in the local universe assuming that the lbgs have a diskshape we compared their sizeluminosity and sizestellar mass relation with those of z0 and z1 disk galaxies the lbgs are brighter than z0 and z1 disk galaxies at the same effective radius the restframe vband surface brightness of the lbgs are 2229 mag and 1219 mag brighter than the disk galaxies at z0 and z1 respectively the sizestellar mass relation of the lbgs shows that the effective radii of the lbgs do not depend on their stellar mass for the lbgs brighter than mv the average surface stellar mass density is 36 times larger than those of the z0 and z1 disk galaxies we also examine the profiles of the serendipitously observed drgs they are also fitted with the sersic profiles with n2 the implications of the dominance of n2 population among galaxies at z3 and the presence of the high surface stellar mass density disk systems are discussed
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709.2715
Search for CP Violation in the Decays D0 --> K- K+ and D0 --> pi- pi+
We measure CP-violating asymmetries of neutral charmed mesons in the modes D0 --> K- K+ and D0 --> pi- pi+ with the highest precision to date by using D0 --> K- pi+ decays to correct detector asymmetries. An analysis of 385.8 fb-1 of data collected with the BaBar detector yields values of aCP(KK) = (0.00 +/- 0.34 (stat.) +/- 0.13 (syst.))% and aCP(pipi) = (-0.24 +/- 0.52 (stat.) +/- 0.22 (syst.))%, which agree with Standard Model predictions.
hep-ex
we measure cpviolating asymmetries of neutral charmed mesons in the modes d0 k k and d0 pi pi with the highest precision to date by using d0 k pi decays to correct detector asymmetries an analysis of 3858 fb1 of data collected with the babar detector yields values of acpkk 000 034 stat 013 syst and acppipi 024 052 stat 022 syst which agree with standard model predictions
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709.2716
Formation and properties of metal-oxygen atomic chains
Suspended chains consisting of single noble metal and oxygen atoms have been formed. We provide evidence that oxygen can react with and be incorporated into metallic one-dimensional atomic chains. Oxygen incorporation reinforces the linear bonds in the chain, which facilitates the creation of longer atomic chains. The mechanical and electrical properties of these diatomic chains have been investigated by determining local vibration modes of the chain and by measuring the dependence of the average chain-conductance on the length of the chain. Additionally, we have performed calculations that give insight in the physical mechanism of the oxygen-induced strengthening of the linear bonds and the conductance of the metal-oxygen chains.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.mtrl-sci
suspended chains consisting of single noble metal and oxygen atoms have been formed we provide evidence that oxygen can react with and be incorporated into metallic onedimensional atomic chains oxygen incorporation reinforces the linear bonds in the chain which facilitates the creation of longer atomic chains the mechanical and electrical properties of these diatomic chains have been investigated by determining local vibration modes of the chain and by measuring the dependence of the average chainconductance on the length of the chain additionally we have performed calculations that give insight in the physical mechanism of the oxygeninduced strengthening of the linear bonds and the conductance of the metaloxygen chains
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709.2717
Autocorrelations and Thermal Fragility of Anyonic Loops in Topologically Quantum Ordered Systems
Are systems that display Topological Quantum Order (TQO), and have a gap to excitations, hardware fault-tolerant at finite temperatures? We show that in surface code models that display low d-dimensional Gauge-Like Symmetries, such as Kitaev's and its generalizations, the expectation value of topological symmetry operators vanishes at any non-zero temperature, a phenomenon that we coined thermal fragility. The autocorrelation time for the non-local topological quantities in these systems may remain finite even in the thermodynamic limit. We provide explicit expressions for the autocorrelation functions in Kitaev's model. If temperatures far below the gap may be achieved then these autocorrelation times, albeit finite, can be made large. The physical engine behind the loss of correlations at large spatial and/or temporal distance is the proliferation of topological defects at any finite temperature as a result of a dimensional reduction. This raises an important question: How may we best quantify the degree of protection of quantum information in a topologically ordered system at finite temperature?
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.mes-hall quant-ph
are systems that display topological quantum order tqo and have a gap to excitations hardware faulttolerant at finite temperatures we show that in surface code models that display low ddimensional gaugelike symmetries such as kitaevs and its generalizations the expectation value of topological symmetry operators vanishes at any nonzero temperature a phenomenon that we coined thermal fragility the autocorrelation time for the nonlocal topological quantities in these systems may remain finite even in the thermodynamic limit we provide explicit expressions for the autocorrelation functions in kitaevs model if temperatures far below the gap may be achieved then these autocorrelation times albeit finite can be made large the physical engine behind the loss of correlations at large spatial andor temporal distance is the proliferation of topological defects at any finite temperature as a result of a dimensional reduction this raises an important question how may we best quantify the degree of protection of quantum information in a topologically ordered system at finite temperature
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709.2718
Quasar optical variability and black hole mass
In order to investigate the dependence of quasar optical-UV variability on fundamental physical parameters like black hole mass, we have matched quasars from the QUEST1 variability survey with broad-lined objects from the SDSS. Black hole masses and bolometric luminosities are estimated from Sloan spectra, and variability amplitudes from the QUEST1 light curves. Long-term variability amplitudes (rest-frame time scales 0.5--2 yrs) are found to correlate with black hole mass at the 99% significance level or better. This means that quasars with larger black hole masses have larger percentage flux variations. Partial rank correlation analysis shows that the correlation cannot explained by obvious selection effects inherent to flux-limited samples. We discuss whether the correlation is a manifestation of a relation between BH mass and accretion disk thermal time scales, or if it is due to changes in the optical depth of the accretion disk with black hole mass. Perhaps the most likely explanation is that the more massive black holes are starving, and produce larger flux variations because they do not have a steady inflow of gaseous fuel.
astro-ph
in order to investigate the dependence of quasar opticaluv variability on fundamental physical parameters like black hole mass we have matched quasars from the quest1 variability survey with broadlined objects from the sdss black hole masses and bolometric luminosities are estimated from sloan spectra and variability amplitudes from the quest1 light curves longterm variability amplitudes restframe time scales 052 yrs are found to correlate with black hole mass at the 99 significance level or better this means that quasars with larger black hole masses have larger percentage flux variations partial rank correlation analysis shows that the correlation cannot explained by obvious selection effects inherent to fluxlimited samples we discuss whether the correlation is a manifestation of a relation between bh mass and accretion disk thermal time scales or if it is due to changes in the optical depth of the accretion disk with black hole mass perhaps the most likely explanation is that the more massive black holes are starving and produce larger flux variations because they do not have a steady inflow of gaseous fuel
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709.2719
Wide Field Hard X-ray Survey Telescope: ProtoEXIST1
We report our progress on the development of pixellated imaging CZT detector arrays for our first-generation balloon-borne wide-field hard X-ray (20 - 600 keV) telescope, ProtoEXIST1. Our ProtoEXIST program is a pathfinder for the High Energy Telescope (HET) on the Energetic X-ray Imaging Survey telescope (EXIST), a proposed implementation of the Black Hole Finder Probe. ProtoEXIST1 consists of four independent coded-aperture telescopes with close-tiled (~0.4 mm gaps) CZT detectors that preserve their 2.5mm pixel pitch. Multiple shielding/field-of-view configurations are planned to identify optimal geometry for the HET in EXIST. The primary technical challenge in ProtoEXIST is the development of large area, close-tiled modules of imaging CZT detectors (1000 cm2 for ProtoEXIST1), with all readout and control systems for the ASIC readout vertically stacked. We describe the overall telescope configuration of ProtoEXIST1 and review the current development status of the CZT detectors, from individual detector crystal units (DCUs) to a full detector module (DM). We have built the first units of each component for the detector plane and have completed a few Rev2 DCUs (2x2 cm2), which are under a series of tests. Bare DCUs (pre-crystal bonding) show high, uniform ASIC yield (~70%) and ~30% reduction in electronics noise compared to the Rev1 equivalent. A Rev1 DCU already achieved ~1.2% FWHM at 662 keV, and preliminary analysis of the initial radiation tests on a Rev2 DCU shows ~ 4 keV FWHM at 60 keV (vs. 4.7 keV for Rev1). We therefore expect about <~1% FWHM at 662 keV with the Rev2 detectors.
astro-ph
we report our progress on the development of pixellated imaging czt detector arrays for our firstgeneration balloonborne widefield hard xray 20 600 kev telescope protoexist1 our protoexist program is a pathfinder for the high energy telescope het on the energetic xray imaging survey telescope exist a proposed implementation of the black hole finder probe protoexist1 consists of four independent codedaperture telescopes with closetiled 04 mm gaps czt detectors that preserve their 25mm pixel pitch multiple shieldingfieldofview configurations are planned to identify optimal geometry for the het in exist the primary technical challenge in protoexist is the development of large area closetiled modules of imaging czt detectors 1000 cm2 for protoexist1 with all readout and control systems for the asic readout vertically stacked we describe the overall telescope configuration of protoexist1 and review the current development status of the czt detectors from individual detector crystal units dcus to a full detector module dm we have built the first units of each component for the detector plane and have completed a few rev2 dcus 2x2 cm2 which are under a series of tests bare dcus precrystal bonding show high uniform asic yield 70 and 30 reduction in electronics noise compared to the rev1 equivalent a rev1 dcu already achieved 12 fwhm at 662 kev and preliminary analysis of the initial radiation tests on a rev2 dcu shows 4 kev fwhm at 60 kev vs 47 kev for rev1 we therefore expect about 1 fwhm at 662 kev with the rev2 detectors
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709.272
Equivariant Dixmier-Douady Classes
An equivariant bundle gerbe \`a la Meinrenken over a $G$-manifold $M$ is known to be a special type of $S^1$-gerbe over the differentiable stack $[M/G]$. We prove that the natural morphism relating the Cartan and simplicial models of equivariant cohomology in degree 3 maps the Dixmier-Douady class of an equivariant bundle gerbe \`a la Meinrenken to the Behrend-Xu-Dixmier-Douady class of the corresponding $S^1$-gerbe.
math.DG hep-th math-ph math.MP
an equivariant bundle gerbe a la meinrenken over a gmanifold m is known to be a special type of s1gerbe over the differentiable stack mg we prove that the natural morphism relating the cartan and simplicial models of equivariant cohomology in degree 3 maps the dixmierdouady class of an equivariant bundle gerbe a la meinrenken to the behrendxudixmierdouady class of the corresponding s1gerbe
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709.2721
Pricing, Competition, and Routing for Selfish and Strategic Nodes in Multi-hop Relay Networks
We study a pricing game in multi-hop relay networks where nodes price their services and route their traffic selfishly and strategically. In this game, each node (1) announces pricing functions which specify the payments it demands from its respective customers depending on the amount of traffic they route to it and (2) allocates the total traffic it receives to its service providers. The profit of a node is the difference between the revenue earned from servicing others and the cost of using others' services. We show that the socially optimal routing of such a game can always be induced by an equilibrium where no node can increase its profit by unilaterally changing its pricing functions or routing decision. On the other hand, there may also exist inefficient equilibria. We characterize the loss of efficiency by deriving the price of anarchy at inefficient equilibria. We show that the price of anarchy is finite for oligopolies with concave marginal cost functions, while it is infinite for general topologies and cost functions.
cs.GT
we study a pricing game in multihop relay networks where nodes price their services and route their traffic selfishly and strategically in this game each node 1 announces pricing functions which specify the payments it demands from its respective customers depending on the amount of traffic they route to it and 2 allocates the total traffic it receives to its service providers the profit of a node is the difference between the revenue earned from servicing others and the cost of using others services we show that the socially optimal routing of such a game can always be induced by an equilibrium where no node can increase its profit by unilaterally changing its pricing functions or routing decision on the other hand there may also exist inefficient equilibria we characterize the loss of efficiency by deriving the price of anarchy at inefficient equilibria we show that the price of anarchy is finite for oligopolies with concave marginal cost functions while it is infinite for general topologies and cost functions
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709.2722
Bounding surface actions on hyperbolic spaces
We give a diameter bound for fundamental domains for isometric actions of the fundamental group of a closed hyperbolic surface on a delta-hyperbolic space, where the bound depends on the hyperbolicity constant delta, the genus of the surface, and the injectivity radius of the action, which we assume to be strictly positive.
math.GR math.GT
we give a diameter bound for fundamental domains for isometric actions of the fundamental group of a closed hyperbolic surface on a deltahyperbolic space where the bound depends on the hyperbolicity constant delta the genus of the surface and the injectivity radius of the action which we assume to be strictly positive
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709.2723
Finding Almost Squares III
An almost square of type 2 is an integer $n$ that can be factored in two different ways as $n = a_1 b_1 = a_2 b_2$ with $a_1$, $a_2$, $b_1$, $b_2 \approx \sqrt{n}$. In this paper, we shall improve upon previous result on short intervals containing an almost square of type 2. This leads to an inquiry of finding a short interval around $x$ that contains an integer divisible by some integer in $[x^c, 2 x^c]$ with $0 < c < 1$.
math.NT
an almost square of type 2 is an integer n that can be factored in two different ways as n a_1 b_1 a_2 b_2 with a_1 a_2 b_1 b_2 approx sqrtn in this paper we shall improve upon previous result on short intervals containing an almost square of type 2 this leads to an inquiry of finding a short interval around x that contains an integer divisible by some integer in xc 2 xc with 0 c 1
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709.2724
Entropy Functionals, Sobolev Inequalities and kappa-Noncollapsing Estimates along the Ricci Flow
In this survey we review Hamilton's entropy and Perelman's entropy, and provide motivations for these concepts. Then we review recent results on the logarithmic Sobolev inequality, the Sobolev inequalities and kappa-noncollapsing estimates along the Ricci flow, including the Ricci flow with surgeries.
math.DG
in this survey we review hamiltons entropy and perelmans entropy and provide motivations for these concepts then we review recent results on the logarithmic sobolev inequality the sobolev inequalities and kappanoncollapsing estimates along the ricci flow including the ricci flow with surgeries
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709.2725
The WIYN Open Cluster Study Photometric Binary Survey: Initial Findings for NGC 188
The WIYN open cluster study (WOCS) has been working to yield precise magnitudes in the Johnson-Kron-Cousins UBVRI system for all stars in the field of a selection of ``prototypical'' open clusters. Additionally, WOCS is using radial velocities to obtain orbit solutions for all cluster binary stars with periods of less than 1000 days. Recently, WOCS is being expanded to include the near-infrared JHK_s (deep ground-based plus 2MASS) and mid-infrared ([3.6], [4.5], [5.8], [8.0]) photometry from Spitzer/IRAC observations. This multi-wavelength data (0.3--8.0 microns) allows us photometrically to identify binaries, with mass ratios from 1.0--0.3, across a wide range of primary masses. The spectral energy distribution (SED) fitter by Robitaille et al. (2007) is used to fit the fluxes of 10--12 bands, converted from the observed magnitudes, to Kurucz stellar models. Using this photometric technique, we find that NGC 188 has a binary fraction of 36--49% and provide a star-by-star comparison to the WOCS radial velocity-based binary study.
astro-ph
the wiyn open cluster study wocs has been working to yield precise magnitudes in the johnsonkroncousins ubvri system for all stars in the field of a selection of prototypical open clusters additionally wocs is using radial velocities to obtain orbit solutions for all cluster binary stars with periods of less than 1000 days recently wocs is being expanded to include the nearinfrared jhk_s deep groundbased plus 2mass and midinfrared 36 45 58 80 photometry from spitzerirac observations this multiwavelength data 0380 microns allows us photometrically to identify binaries with mass ratios from 1003 across a wide range of primary masses the spectral energy distribution sed fitter by robitaille et al 2007 is used to fit the fluxes of 1012 bands converted from the observed magnitudes to kurucz stellar models using this photometric technique we find that ngc 188 has a binary fraction of 3649 and provide a starbystar comparison to the wocs radial velocitybased binary study
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709.2726
Anisotropic step stiffness from a kinetic model of epitaxial growth
Starting from a detailed model for the kinetics of a step edge or island boundary, we derive a Gibbs-Thomson type formula and the associated step stiffness as a function of the step edge orientation angle, $theta$. Basic ingredients of the model are: (i) the diffusion of point defects (``adatoms'') on terraces and along step edges; (ii) the convection of kinks along step edges; and (iii) constitutive laws that relate adatom fluxes, sources for kinks, and the kink velocity with densities via a mean-field approach. This model has a kinetic (nonequilibrium) steady-state solution that corresponds to epitaxial growth through step flow. The step stiffness, $\tbe(\theta)$, is determined via perturbations of the kinetic steady state for small edge Peclet number, P, which is the ratio of the deposition to the diffusive flux along a step edge. In particular, $\tbe$ is found to satisfy $\tbe =O(\theta^{-1})$ for $O(P^{1/3}) <\theta \ll 1$, which is in agreement with independent, equilibrium-based calculations.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
starting from a detailed model for the kinetics of a step edge or island boundary we derive a gibbsthomson type formula and the associated step stiffness as a function of the step edge orientation angle theta basic ingredients of the model are i the diffusion of point defects adatoms on terraces and along step edges ii the convection of kinks along step edges and iii constitutive laws that relate adatom fluxes sources for kinks and the kink velocity with densities via a meanfield approach this model has a kinetic nonequilibrium steadystate solution that corresponds to epitaxial growth through step flow the step stiffness tbetheta is determined via perturbations of the kinetic steady state for small edge peclet number p which is the ratio of the deposition to the diffusive flux along a step edge in particular tbe is found to satisfy tbe otheta1 for op13 theta ll 1 which is in agreement with independent equilibriumbased calculations
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709.2727
Does the complex deformation of the Riemann equation exhibit shocks?
The Riemann equation $u_t+uu_x=0$, which describes a one-dimensional accelerationless perfect fluid, possesses solutions that typically develop shocks in a finite time. This equation is $\cP\cT$ symmetric. A one-parameter $\cP\cT$-invariant complex deformation of this equation, $u_t-iu(iu_x)^\epsilon= 0$ ($\epsilon$ real), is solved exactly using the method of characteristic strips, and it is shown that for real initial conditions, shocks cannot develop unless $\epsilon$ is an odd integer.
hep-th cond-mat.other math-ph math.MP nlin.PS physics.flu-dyn quant-ph
the riemann equation u_tuu_x0 which describes a onedimensional accelerationless perfect fluid possesses solutions that typically develop shocks in a finite time this equation is cpct symmetric a oneparameter cpctinvariant complex deformation of this equation u_tiuiu_xepsilon 0 epsilon real is solved exactly using the method of characteristic strips and it is shown that for real initial conditions shocks cannot develop unless epsilon is an odd integer
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709.2728
A Photometric Survey for Variables and Transits in the Field of Praesepe with KELT
The Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope (KELT) project is a small aperture, wide-angle search for planetary transits of solar-type stars. In this paper, we present the results of a commissioning campaign with the KELT telescope to observe the open cluster Praesepe for 34 nights in early 2005. Lightcurves were obtained for 69,337 stars, out of which we identify 58 long period variables and 152 periodic variables. Sixteen of these are previously known as variable, yielding 194 newly discovered variable stars for which we provide properties and lightcurves. We also searched for planetary-like transits, finding four transit candidates. Follow-up observations indicate that two of the candidates are astrophysical false positives, with two candidates remaining as potential planetary transits.
astro-ph
the kilodegree extremely little telescope kelt project is a small aperture wideangle search for planetary transits of solartype stars in this paper we present the results of a commissioning campaign with the kelt telescope to observe the open cluster praesepe for 34 nights in early 2005 lightcurves were obtained for 69337 stars out of which we identify 58 long period variables and 152 periodic variables sixteen of these are previously known as variable yielding 194 newly discovered variable stars for which we provide properties and lightcurves we also searched for planetarylike transits finding four transit candidates followup observations indicate that two of the candidates are astrophysical false positives with two candidates remaining as potential planetary transits
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709.2729
Polynomial Approximation and $\omega^r_\phi (f,t)$ Twenty Years Later
About twenty years ago the measure of smoothness $\omega ^r_\phi (f,t)$ was introduced and related to the rate of polynomial approximation. In this article we survey developments about this and related concepts since that time.
math.CA math.FA
about twenty years ago the measure of smoothness omega r_phi ft was introduced and related to the rate of polynomial approximation in this article we survey developments about this and related concepts since that time
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709.273
Convex-compactness and its applications
The concept of convex compactness, weaker than the classical notion of compactness, is introduced and discussed. It is shown that a large class of convex subsets of topological vector spaces shares this property and that is can be used in lieu of compactness in a variety of cases. Specifically, we establish convex compactness for certain familiar classes of subsets of the set of positive random variables under the topology induced by convergence in probability. Two applications in infinite-dimensional optimization - attainment of infima and a version of the Minimax theorem - are given. Moreover, a new fixed-point theorem of the Knaster-Kuratowski-Mazurkiewicz-type is derived and used to prove a general version of the Walrasian excess-demand theorem.
math.FA math.OC math.PR
the concept of convex compactness weaker than the classical notion of compactness is introduced and discussed it is shown that a large class of convex subsets of topological vector spaces shares this property and that is can be used in lieu of compactness in a variety of cases specifically we establish convex compactness for certain familiar classes of subsets of the set of positive random variables under the topology induced by convergence in probability two applications in infinitedimensional optimization attainment of infima and a version of the minimax theorem are given moreover a new fixedpoint theorem of the knasterkuratowskimazurkiewicztype is derived and used to prove a general version of the walrasian excessdemand theorem
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709.2731
Bubble Raft Model for a Paraboloidal Crystal
We investigate crystalline order on a two-dimensional paraboloid of revolution by assembling a single layer of millimeter-sized soap bubbles on the surface of a rotating liquid, thus extending the classic work of Bragg and Nye on planar soap bubble rafts. Topological constraints require crystalline configurations to contain a certain minimum number of topological defects such as disclinations or grain boundary scars whose structure is analyzed as a function of the aspect ratio of the paraboloid. We find the defect structure to agree with theoretical predictions and propose a mechanism for scar nucleation in the presence of large Gaussian curvature.
cond-mat.soft
we investigate crystalline order on a twodimensional paraboloid of revolution by assembling a single layer of millimetersized soap bubbles on the surface of a rotating liquid thus extending the classic work of bragg and nye on planar soap bubble rafts topological constraints require crystalline configurations to contain a certain minimum number of topological defects such as disclinations or grain boundary scars whose structure is analyzed as a function of the aspect ratio of the paraboloid we find the defect structure to agree with theoretical predictions and propose a mechanism for scar nucleation in the presence of large gaussian curvature
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709.2732
Radial flow afterburner for event generators and the baryon puzzle
A simple afterburner including radial flow to the randomized transverse momentum obtained from event generators, Pythia and Hijing, has been implemented to calculate the $p/\pi$ ratios and compare them with available data. A coherent trend of qualitative agreement has been obtained in $pp$ collisions and in $Au+Au$ for various centralities. Those results indicate that the radial flow does play an important role in the so called baryon puzzle anomaly.
hep-ph
a simple afterburner including radial flow to the randomized transverse momentum obtained from event generators pythia and hijing has been implemented to calculate the ppi ratios and compare them with available data a coherent trend of qualitative agreement has been obtained in pp collisions and in auau for various centralities those results indicate that the radial flow does play an important role in the so called baryon puzzle anomaly
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709.2733
VCC 2062: an old Tidal Dwarf Galaxy in the Virgo Cluster?
Numerical simulations predict the existence of old Tidal Dwarf Galaxies (TDGs) that would have survived several Gyr after the collision lying at their origin. Such survivors, which would by now have become independent relaxed galaxies, would be ideal laboratories, if nearby enough, to tackle a number of topical issues, including the distribution of Dark Matter in and around galaxies. However finding old dwarf galaxies with a confirmed tidal origin is an observational challenge. A dwarf galaxy in the Virgo Cluster, VCC 2062, exhibits several unusual properties that are typical of a galaxy made out of recycled material. We discuss whether it may indeed be a TDG. We analysed multi-wavelength observations of VCC 2062, including an IRAM CO map, an optical spectrum of its HII regions, GALEX ultraviolet and archival broad-band and narrow-band optical images as well as a VLA HI datacube, originally obtained as part of the VIVA project. VCC 2062 appears to be the optical, low surface brightness counterpart of a kinematically detached, rotating condensation that formed within an HI tail apparently physically linked to the disturbed galaxy NGC 4694. In contrast to its faint optical luminosity, VCC 2062 is characterised by strong CO emission and a high oxygen abundance more typical of spiral disks. Its dynamical mass however, is that of a dwarf galaxy. VCC 2062 was most likely formed within a pre-enriched gaseous structure expelled from a larger galaxy as a result of a tidal interaction. The natural provider for the gaseous tail is NGC 4694 or rather a former companion which subsequently has been accreted by the massive galaxy. According to that scenario, VCC 2062 has been formed by a past tidal encounter. Since its parent galaxies have most probably already totally merged, it qualifies as an old TDG.
astro-ph
numerical simulations predict the existence of old tidal dwarf galaxies tdgs that would have survived several gyr after the collision lying at their origin such survivors which would by now have become independent relaxed galaxies would be ideal laboratories if nearby enough to tackle a number of topical issues including the distribution of dark matter in and around galaxies however finding old dwarf galaxies with a confirmed tidal origin is an observational challenge a dwarf galaxy in the virgo cluster vcc 2062 exhibits several unusual properties that are typical of a galaxy made out of recycled material we discuss whether it may indeed be a tdg we analysed multiwavelength observations of vcc 2062 including an iram co map an optical spectrum of its hii regions galex ultraviolet and archival broadband and narrowband optical images as well as a vla hi datacube originally obtained as part of the viva project vcc 2062 appears to be the optical low surface brightness counterpart of a kinematically detached rotating condensation that formed within an hi tail apparently physically linked to the disturbed galaxy ngc 4694 in contrast to its faint optical luminosity vcc 2062 is characterised by strong co emission and a high oxygen abundance more typical of spiral disks its dynamical mass however is that of a dwarf galaxy vcc 2062 was most likely formed within a preenriched gaseous structure expelled from a larger galaxy as a result of a tidal interaction the natural provider for the gaseous tail is ngc 4694 or rather a former companion which subsequently has been accreted by the massive galaxy according to that scenario vcc 2062 has been formed by a past tidal encounter since its parent galaxies have most probably already totally merged it qualifies as an old tdg
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709.2734
Incorporating interactive 3-dimensional graphics in astronomy research papers
Most research data collections created or used by astronomers are intrinsically multi-dimensional. In contrast, all visual representations of data presented within research papers are exclusively 2-dimensional. We present a resolution of this dichotomy that uses a novel technique for embedding 3-dimensional (3-d) visualisations of astronomy data sets in electronic-format research papers. Our technique uses the latest Adobe Portable Document Format extensions together with a new version of the S2PLOT programming library. The 3-d models can be easily rotated and explored by the reader and, in some cases, modified. We demonstrate example applications of this technique including: 3-d figures exhibiting subtle structure in redshift catalogues, colour-magnitude diagrams and halo merger trees; 3-d isosurface and volume renderings of cosmological simulations; and 3-d models of instructional diagrams and instrument designs.
astro-ph
most research data collections created or used by astronomers are intrinsically multidimensional in contrast all visual representations of data presented within research papers are exclusively 2dimensional we present a resolution of this dichotomy that uses a novel technique for embedding 3dimensional 3d visualisations of astronomy data sets in electronicformat research papers our technique uses the latest adobe portable document format extensions together with a new version of the s2plot programming library the 3d models can be easily rotated and explored by the reader and in some cases modified we demonstrate example applications of this technique including 3d figures exhibiting subtle structure in redshift catalogues colourmagnitude diagrams and halo merger trees 3d isosurface and volume renderings of cosmological simulations and 3d models of instructional diagrams and instrument designs
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