id
float64
706
1.8k
title
stringlengths
1
343
abstract
stringlengths
6
6.09k
categories
stringlengths
5
125
processed_abstract
stringlengths
2
5.96k
tokenized_abstract
stringlengths
8
8.74k
centroid
stringlengths
2.1k
2.17k
706.2814
On the tautological ring of a Jacobian modulo rational equivalence
We consider the Chow ring with rational coefficients of the Jacobian of a curve. Assume D is a divisor in a base point free g^r_d of the curve such that the canonical divisor K is a multiple of the divisor D. We find relations between tautological cycles. We give applications for curves having a degree d covering of P^1 whose ramification points are all of order d, and then for hyperelliptic curves.
math.AG
we consider the chow ring with rational coefficients of the jacobian of a curve assume d is a divisor in a base point free gr_d of the curve such that the canonical divisor k is a multiple of the divisor d we find relations between tautological cycles we give applications for curves having a degree d covering of p1 whose ramification points are all of order d and then for hyperelliptic curves
[['we', 'consider', 'the', 'chow', 'ring', 'with', 'rational', 'coefficients', 'of', 'the', 'jacobian', 'of', 'a', 'curve', 'assume', 'd', 'is', 'a', 'divisor', 'in', 'a', 'base', 'point', 'free', 'gr_d', 'of', 'the', 'curve', 'such', 'that', 'the', 'canonical', 'divisor', 'k', 'is', 'a', 'multiple', 'of', 'the', 'divisor', 'd', 'we', 'find', 'relations', 'between', 'tautological', 'cycles', 'we', 'give', 'applications', 'for', 'curves', 'having', 'a', 'degree', 'd', 'covering', 'of', 'p1', 'whose', 'ramification', 'points', 'are', 'all', 'of', 'order', 'd', 'and', 'then', 'for', 'hyperelliptic', 'curves']]
[-0.31077586097591037, 0.03660574750716074, -0.15151901753334743, 0.007327209165345671, -0.0691404293756932, -0.20322716326013002, 0.06319101742863292, 0.3128275777885897, -0.3278137503916191, -0.17505405772115207, 0.050890978695760064, -0.27928331585523364, -0.15584549501848718, 0.21067943094143024, -0.1073776835304064, 0.0022616276401095092, 0.014144174576762857, 0.11944002887725623, -0.09414141380370387, -0.33758838881234016, 0.4037511819300966, -0.12085388197253148, 0.13314952916051778, 0.04087430075742304, 0.09011889137845072, 0.016863511280260153, 0.011604390226744322, -0.04331058848442303, -0.16453350018703836, 0.1565730863545064, 0.31860392157816225, 0.09803182917595324, 0.15013013006601897, -0.349761381952299, -0.1863507340183585, 0.26167612524780753, 0.07691577211436298, -0.013007576719650792, 0.0650471561950528, -0.0868389867246151, 0.1191662724658171, -0.11732524628738854, -0.24313254766942313, -0.036790540040884584, 0.13954866238378194, 0.09792845468877608, -0.26111674121218836, -0.04941975289127893, 0.059967860204374626, 0.2476906436107432, 0.0061222879125529695, -0.14731658297953093, -0.08004702506069508, 0.025230980859810695, 0.01240530856335277, 0.04972065866847212, 0.023327993688225333, -0.13836260905696285, -0.05121182612169327, 0.39637507563586244, -0.08855801738779216, -0.16188765932909316, 0.07733476953580976, -0.16891645065819225, -0.09069649880984798, 0.1652859681699839, 0.09566913763087036, 0.20202485803424175, -0.007530862323215438, 0.19134275744484816, -0.13141924608498812, 0.11173106182711005, 0.13105189543380724, -0.04920622712234035, 0.17414143777407137, 0.059513427731063634, 0.057516254607940534, 0.10714374326441127, -0.11544860550525805, -0.0250109579323584, -0.3889874250364503, -0.2182488934971237, -0.11488903151055435, 0.16288088893310892, -0.1720613120445099, -0.16340722710204622, 0.41932783310767263, -0.0009921635371736353, 0.28419956285506487, 0.12733616180614465, 0.2005567204258922, 0.06885877183069372, 0.025323023437522352, 0.100714044050417, 0.11395517179173315, 0.15544474152718774, -0.059775789339457534, -0.16400484645661587, -0.003165302901632256, 0.1775787278699378]
706.2815
On Hyperon Decays Involving Two Charged Leptons
The hyperon decays with 2 negative charged leptons in the final states can be of interest as possible tests for the Majorana netrinos. The study of these decays are complementary to the double beta decays of heavy nuclei.
hep-ph
the hyperon decays with 2 negative charged leptons in the final states can be of interest as possible tests for the majorana netrinos the study of these decays are complementary to the double beta decays of heavy nuclei
[['the', 'hyperon', 'decays', 'with', '2', 'negative', 'charged', 'leptons', 'in', 'the', 'final', 'states', 'can', 'be', 'of', 'interest', 'as', 'possible', 'tests', 'for', 'the', 'majorana', 'netrinos', 'the', 'study', 'of', 'these', 'decays', 'are', 'complementary', 'to', 'the', 'double', 'beta', 'decays', 'of', 'heavy', 'nuclei']]
[-0.01404433772345451, 0.36487197463174126, -0.02969006177138638, 0.16820436877173348, -0.003920953443928345, -0.20788071548717246, 0.022272651281988097, 0.2593462151047346, -0.23086804201876795, -0.238006773832682, -0.031710425684404735, -0.38297411175193014, 0.05856145102832768, 0.12988874082126328, 0.10343907335521402, 0.08168215057938485, 0.07711409095272019, 0.05354134506873182, -0.07895131882538113, -0.21577894199337508, 0.3241685618822639, 0.034110542034377925, 0.16094863038459742, 0.08896077389048564, -0.09590880894983136, -0.027948440870622527, -0.016461841107623, -0.05357788450311165, -0.09907949165003752, 0.03855620537777557, 0.17743458457895228, 0.12093628202942577, 0.16755795874003623, -0.38369818223086566, -0.0710012392971564, 0.18056454612697298, 0.24518686855161512, 0.1113746403842359, -0.11976247512408204, -0.3605393136071192, 0.13994891745214527, -0.16064552557528824, -0.12034496665000916, -0.11493188548027664, -0.0012539860767287177, 0.02318632899078767, -0.3527110622742692, 0.06691746476005662, -0.05395853051261322, -0.06989077302451069, -0.0066685199964086755, -0.26037406820703196, -0.01615339215542819, 0.11259954666869866, 0.23865848341705026, -0.0036552293867980305, 0.16054452059639468, -0.1710318576393498, -0.2067227782304021, 0.3475444361778303, -0.049240539298782984, -0.2105543660755093, 0.16495715756271337, -0.1944088713341468, -0.1543068082474575, 0.15025198212950616, 0.2245474118515975, 0.1318740849257321, -0.13661361979068937, 0.10585238102420762, -0.060973755763591944, 0.10970188153756631, 0.03282181572521458, 0.11154217894088377, 0.27325380321692777, 0.2175042832622657, -0.0182858521773203, 0.07081809345116788, -0.13439810145142916, -0.00809729064191767, -0.4166348141592902, -0.21775389621285973, -0.09984259820870452, 0.07224871880198652, -0.03812571057445697, -0.1412419297707242, 0.4326118725175793, -0.032618340897701076, 0.22712084167712443, -0.045975187944399344, 0.261290389994109, 0.06298075701626069, 0.04704206399116162, 0.0010737845976207707, 0.35366660497478536, 0.2059661413769464, 0.05771495253351089, -0.2859369481636866, 0.03492036464347227, -0.007379626679058011]
706.2816
Ehlers symmetry at the next derivative order
We analyse four-dimensional gravity in the presence of general curvature squared corrections and show that Ehlers' SL(2,R) symmetry, which appears in the reduction of standard gravity to three dimensions, is preserved by the correction terms. The mechanism allowing this is a correction of the SL(2,R) transformation laws which resolves problems with the different scaling behaviour of various terms occurring in the reduction.
hep-th
we analyse fourdimensional gravity in the presence of general curvature squared corrections and show that ehlers sl2r symmetry which appears in the reduction of standard gravity to three dimensions is preserved by the correction terms the mechanism allowing this is a correction of the sl2r transformation laws which resolves problems with the different scaling behaviour of various terms occurring in the reduction
[['we', 'analyse', 'fourdimensional', 'gravity', 'in', 'the', 'presence', 'of', 'general', 'curvature', 'squared', 'corrections', 'and', 'show', 'that', 'ehlers', 'sl2r', 'symmetry', 'which', 'appears', 'in', 'the', 'reduction', 'of', 'standard', 'gravity', 'to', 'three', 'dimensions', 'is', 'preserved', 'by', 'the', 'correction', 'terms', 'the', 'mechanism', 'allowing', 'this', 'is', 'a', 'correction', 'of', 'the', 'sl2r', 'transformation', 'laws', 'which', 'resolves', 'problems', 'with', 'the', 'different', 'scaling', 'behaviour', 'of', 'various', 'terms', 'occurring', 'in', 'the', 'reduction']]
[-0.16587689925818855, 0.12521500853941805, -0.08483348514944795, 0.08368577130116342, -0.03921830056295279, -0.10742103869486, -0.055345270865326444, 0.24129160169151523, -0.24640834296963388, -0.3128635948824306, 0.11938139226385241, -0.2491061165628414, -0.19439799936428184, 0.12653874161262665, -0.10812209460944418, 0.01707961692685081, -0.03728798842207799, 0.009093353675017435, -0.1559100532416074, -0.24949114204895112, 0.34393705896312193, 0.03204267984256148, 0.3145325061594767, 0.05908396083771462, 0.12504371440398596, -0.02711993015010751, -0.03326031559657666, 0.0415775366127491, -0.09435354353873633, 0.10180418805459575, 0.19133344617664755, 0.022031446801491023, 0.17138014887008937, -0.3777735674333188, -0.24763964602888952, 0.08646931893552744, 0.1359090347034526, 0.13919144429101218, -0.014920814751437115, -0.24254810847079142, 0.03223660803820577, -0.1574017265661349, -0.1560592213720684, -0.07932604397877097, 0.003312261887795983, -0.11369498978338895, -0.23628880617944825, 0.13156994221554347, 0.08981889804765102, 0.03837011080054987, -0.05032505949343284, -0.039085242640031805, -0.008180187847991023, 0.11761015398998655, 0.14604972058817023, 0.016359452353489977, 0.10806743667889086, -0.14215410417771987, -0.12681246128293774, 0.45683920725939736, -0.09461452854016135, -0.24565267908356844, 0.14060146698067266, -0.1660668670365046, -0.14680705248047748, 0.09766166172771444, 0.12125722568241819, 0.10460369441012342, -0.148691929996975, 0.170673767757234, 0.013003065416048612, 0.10613513215174598, 0.09980357002707259, 0.029684751389375437, 0.16387551096117786, 0.08657694369133923, 0.011666885967696867, 0.16673899300756953, -0.05588751597209803, -0.14122964842845837, -0.4221793135568019, -0.1523262574788063, -0.08577938005328178, 0.06731657765715593, -0.18659441387107137, -0.15180707621508308, 0.38556212281447744, 0.10887078534541351, 0.14972639639651583, 0.07172649370641598, 0.23356462179893447, 0.17481471994711506, 0.13494137066206144, 0.053249094019373576, 0.2673479286961318, 0.12227633529748287, 0.044449243919863816, -0.30815670640778636, -0.03420158011478282, 0.12483231847985618]
706.2817
The angel wins
The angel-devil game is played on an infinite two-dimensional ``chessboard''. The squares of the board are all white at the beginning. The players called angel and devil take turns in their steps. When it is the devil's turn, he can turn a square black. The angel always stays on a white square, and when it is her turn she can fly at a distance of at most J steps (each of which can be horizontal, vertical or diagonal) to a new white square. Here J is a constant. The devil wins if the angel does not find any more white squares to land on. The result of the paper is that if J is sufficiently large then the angel has a strategy such that the devil will never capture her. This deceptively easy-sounding result has been a conjecture, surprisingly, for about thirty years. Several other independent solutions have appeared simultaneously, some of them prove that J=2 is sufficient (see the Wikipedia on the angel problem). Still, it is hoped that the hierarchical solution presented here may prove useful for some generalizations.
math.CO
the angeldevil game is played on an infinite twodimensional chessboard the squares of the board are all white at the beginning the players called angel and devil take turns in their steps when it is the devils turn he can turn a square black the angel always stays on a white square and when it is her turn she can fly at a distance of at most j steps each of which can be horizontal vertical or diagonal to a new white square here j is a constant the devil wins if the angel does not find any more white squares to land on the result of the paper is that if j is sufficiently large then the angel has a strategy such that the devil will never capture her this deceptively easysounding result has been a conjecture surprisingly for about thirty years several other independent solutions have appeared simultaneously some of them prove that j2 is sufficient see the wikipedia on the angel problem still it is hoped that the hierarchical solution presented here may prove useful for some generalizations
[['the', 'angeldevil', 'game', 'is', 'played', 'on', 'an', 'infinite', 'twodimensional', 'chessboard', 'the', 'squares', 'of', 'the', 'board', 'are', 'all', 'white', 'at', 'the', 'beginning', 'the', 'players', 'called', 'angel', 'and', 'devil', 'take', 'turns', 'in', 'their', 'steps', 'when', 'it', 'is', 'the', 'devils', 'turn', 'he', 'can', 'turn', 'a', 'square', 'black', 'the', 'angel', 'always', 'stays', 'on', 'a', 'white', 'square', 'and', 'when', 'it', 'is', 'her', 'turn', 'she', 'can', 'fly', 'at', 'a', 'distance', 'of', 'at', 'most', 'j', 'steps', 'each', 'of', 'which', 'can', 'be', 'horizontal', 'vertical', 'or', 'diagonal', 'to', 'a', 'new', 'white', 'square', 'here', 'j', 'is', 'a', 'constant', 'the', 'devil', 'wins', 'if', 'the', 'angel', 'does', 'not', 'find', 'any', 'more', 'white', 'squares', 'to', 'land', 'on', 'the', 'result', 'of', 'the', 'paper', 'is', 'that', 'if', 'j', 'is', 'sufficiently', 'large', 'then', 'the', 'angel', 'has', 'a', 'strategy', 'such', 'that', 'the', 'devil', 'will', 'never', 'capture', 'her', 'this', 'deceptively', 'easysounding', 'result', 'has', 'been', 'a', 'conjecture', 'surprisingly', 'for', 'about', 'thirty', 'years', 'several', 'other', 'independent', 'solutions', 'have', 'appeared', 'simultaneously', 'some', 'of', 'them', 'prove', 'that', 'j2', 'is', 'sufficient', 'see', 'the', 'wikipedia', 'on', 'the', 'angel', 'problem', 'still', 'it', 'is', 'hoped', 'that', 'the', 'hierarchical', 'solution', 'presented', 'here', 'may', 'prove', 'useful', 'for', 'some', 'generalizations']]
[-0.09821186365927803, 0.15633893816664557, -0.1204350779779963, 0.06325941770688719, -0.11922117677262292, -0.19108718338386058, 0.05387572472324522, 0.35872524255605714, -0.2559499904967314, -0.26119532325310246, 0.1611346670799738, -0.31609951462414554, -0.15975520332140963, 0.16076244067598405, -0.1278781257179571, -0.04809241989489603, 0.07746665099344356, 0.08203746307532006, 0.002926509127582751, -0.34559181238415354, 0.2840185757913736, 0.05774718875783449, 0.19465677539656048, 0.06494455651754732, 0.11321191995290196, -0.004242623081774186, -0.002306561546358566, 0.0361218886064917, -0.14057782721428028, 0.028087225483467686, 0.21419355429074202, 0.11217396347369711, 0.33429184623645336, -0.3747179931518752, -0.16934963033336875, 0.13069362524902062, 0.1498163156530055, 0.10657713100621112, 0.008797291691227057, -0.2094633980399237, 0.10576017310728407, -0.14097902369191193, -0.12426599370596629, -0.040876114476269224, 0.08740586268210877, -0.007324957959978274, -0.23980943519393158, -0.020915753918299296, 0.15606877257931698, -0.0012225735485137507, 0.01963339698131524, -0.15118360336786707, -0.032604540021850745, 0.15699940825995923, 0.03272090781500886, 0.05438908932251887, 0.054218215909500364, -0.10109712878845674, -0.0824999589155631, 0.36635118254392757, -0.03129853147950918, -0.17934889274300728, 0.14187680806069733, -0.1558524850370914, -0.125284844114544, 0.107255859797373, 0.08308242513751352, 0.12202250072407385, -0.12486044556379199, 0.08180674769481197, -0.14622489776066894, 0.16448851048363652, 0.11593610936302338, -0.04031593587728186, 0.23950804954696467, 0.11150720998821728, 0.13757372108761576, 0.08710177401802632, -0.10514369235889773, -0.09204496655290603, -0.25396839861222154, -0.16590701428881988, -0.19511105657968794, 0.09119319530373358, -0.05440428223725611, -0.16355013825498813, 0.34722560131402075, 0.11169007322009569, 0.17782420767523224, 0.028594682929001997, 0.2437413506542837, 0.10059438861077964, 0.06106905479376938, 0.0901676108930572, 0.23370144419097627, 0.10630330726030861, 0.1153117999117093, -0.1505602841296717, 0.11775554491560802, 0.08287210516727857]
706.2818
Protein mechanical unfolding: a model with binary variables
A simple lattice model, recently introduced as a generalization of the Wako--Sait\^o model of protein folding, is used to investigate the properties of widely studied molecules under external forces. The equilibrium properties of the model proteins, together with their energy landscape, are studied on the basis of the exact solution of the model. Afterwards, the kinetic response of the molecules to a force is considered, discussing both force clamp and dynamic loading protocols and showing that theoretical expectations are verified. The kinetic parameters characterizing the protein unfolding are evaluated by using computer simulations and agree nicely with experimental results, when these are available. Finally, the extended Jarzynski equality is exploited to investigate the possibility of reconstructing the free energy landscape of proteins with pulling experiments.
cond-mat.soft q-bio.BM
a simple lattice model recently introduced as a generalization of the wakosaito model of protein folding is used to investigate the properties of widely studied molecules under external forces the equilibrium properties of the model proteins together with their energy landscape are studied on the basis of the exact solution of the model afterwards the kinetic response of the molecules to a force is considered discussing both force clamp and dynamic loading protocols and showing that theoretical expectations are verified the kinetic parameters characterizing the protein unfolding are evaluated by using computer simulations and agree nicely with experimental results when these are available finally the extended jarzynski equality is exploited to investigate the possibility of reconstructing the free energy landscape of proteins with pulling experiments
[['a', 'simple', 'lattice', 'model', 'recently', 'introduced', 'as', 'a', 'generalization', 'of', 'the', 'wakosaito', 'model', 'of', 'protein', 'folding', 'is', 'used', 'to', 'investigate', 'the', 'properties', 'of', 'widely', 'studied', 'molecules', 'under', 'external', 'forces', 'the', 'equilibrium', 'properties', 'of', 'the', 'model', 'proteins', 'together', 'with', 'their', 'energy', 'landscape', 'are', 'studied', 'on', 'the', 'basis', 'of', 'the', 'exact', 'solution', 'of', 'the', 'model', 'afterwards', 'the', 'kinetic', 'response', 'of', 'the', 'molecules', 'to', 'a', 'force', 'is', 'considered', 'discussing', 'both', 'force', 'clamp', 'and', 'dynamic', 'loading', 'protocols', 'and', 'showing', 'that', 'theoretical', 'expectations', 'are', 'verified', 'the', 'kinetic', 'parameters', 'characterizing', 'the', 'protein', 'unfolding', 'are', 'evaluated', 'by', 'using', 'computer', 'simulations', 'and', 'agree', 'nicely', 'with', 'experimental', 'results', 'when', 'these', 'are', 'available', 'finally', 'the', 'extended', 'jarzynski', 'equality', 'is', 'exploited', 'to', 'investigate', 'the', 'possibility', 'of', 'reconstructing', 'the', 'free', 'energy', 'landscape', 'of', 'proteins', 'with', 'pulling', 'experiments']]
[-0.10401714261951706, 0.12844474774019252, -0.0851112259589436, 0.07747402083365276, -0.015381394412308451, -0.13951959785434506, 0.02871728155221189, 0.39039732948426276, -0.27364466751309774, -0.3013309422099302, 0.05326989901837923, -0.23786140556987975, -0.1521922771503488, 0.2030249321607933, 0.02276490811040745, 0.09021434905908761, 0.0733347060844197, 0.041091813939631044, -0.004090341681148857, -0.20533951250986465, 0.25401795949907074, 0.11652839542253904, 0.2815306634386821, 0.07838382807535856, 0.09575269466281057, -0.021014633653272365, -0.005007940817684416, 0.0602071646661047, -0.21961740662575926, 0.15344701943761338, 0.18439658720519453, 0.07577927962636515, 0.21988316429703827, -0.4612905777720434, -0.26313114637929585, 0.070303603450978, 0.09143130519923064, 0.13211406917581636, -0.045563755274352226, -0.2629778237765535, 0.07143849146274489, -0.14268485630952543, -0.12264234419055883, -0.1216962420036115, -0.024218547709977195, 0.12703116423630667, -0.2288214846596548, 0.09338139457770833, 0.01701637375874505, 0.06797846239269054, -0.11718221994928055, -0.11792084880195738, -0.05171304936295435, 0.13498663390829838, 0.07224579823331066, 0.0015146734696182033, 0.2115286164015772, -0.1438351087948127, -0.11365693647624744, 0.4105369469015709, -0.017117748848601965, -0.20808761279969926, 0.2100964822062862, -0.07023617923785481, -0.09941028259814746, 0.08622073397911605, 0.09335431247957111, 0.08308394228844272, -0.20404708097679936, 0.09909433287788078, -0.016492839797490066, 0.14203561296416145, 0.051453781695360495, -0.033722238611399884, 0.16769224967837573, 0.1794607036788347, -0.030890126494810946, 0.19240871844850782, -0.049118654950777246, -0.1642698172907976, -0.26257294422436145, -0.11581146723267832, -0.20118069338927708, 0.007426538395755473, -0.043372961126982364, -0.1362592012972586, 0.39586849313514727, 0.12067118958915554, 0.18930735125116283, 0.059096450463027486, 0.27979433988483865, 0.08193955369830702, 0.04334747405054288, -0.00507686352883015, 0.2534607724557, 0.1492951508018098, 0.05002010405822206, -0.2579700726998835, 0.07229945128370498, 0.04586197380276938]
706.2819
Approximate calculation of operator semigroups by perturbation of generators
Let $\Omega$ be an operator semigroup with generator $A$ in a sequentially complete locally convex topological vector space $E$. For a semigroup with generator $A+D$, where $D$ is a bounded linear operator on $E$, two integral equations are derived. A theorem on continuous dependence of a semigroup on its generator is proved. An application to random walk on $\mathbb{Z}$ is given.
math.FA
let omega be an operator semigroup with generator a in a sequentially complete locally convex topological vector space e for a semigroup with generator ad where d is a bounded linear operator on e two integral equations are derived a theorem on continuous dependence of a semigroup on its generator is proved an application to random walk on mathbbz is given
[['let', 'omega', 'be', 'an', 'operator', 'semigroup', 'with', 'generator', 'a', 'in', 'a', 'sequentially', 'complete', 'locally', 'convex', 'topological', 'vector', 'space', 'e', 'for', 'a', 'semigroup', 'with', 'generator', 'ad', 'where', 'd', 'is', 'a', 'bounded', 'linear', 'operator', 'on', 'e', 'two', 'integral', 'equations', 'are', 'derived', 'a', 'theorem', 'on', 'continuous', 'dependence', 'of', 'a', 'semigroup', 'on', 'its', 'generator', 'is', 'proved', 'an', 'application', 'to', 'random', 'walk', 'on', 'mathbbz', 'is', 'given']]
[-0.14577997807169057, 0.1368537690441819, -0.08390237726881856, 0.011279602777441873, -0.14533129825302568, -0.15127833047881722, -0.011624874333377744, 0.37584424818881224, -0.34041444163341994, -0.09638590145795072, 0.1504507815507317, -0.3364848509033928, -0.09126436317980778, 0.24216500167223456, -0.09920764966394569, 0.04574162753386667, 0.07728791118171982, 0.17314419532805436, -0.06636037796613622, -0.19937911669372535, 0.3425568374270787, -0.03452692315226696, 0.18264740956260167, 0.016701243817806244, 0.17935796910667884, 0.028517579079651443, -0.016548976775441992, -0.011883088231533308, -0.13285384780620454, 0.07719064823000646, 0.21745310375680688, 0.06828143691918889, 0.29562307436202395, -0.38935183852788857, -0.17992388756304492, 0.1884214105542566, 0.060274445657908425, -0.05616572888598579, -0.016130582696651338, -0.31388536291044267, 0.16803243070779766, -0.15401982729796504, -0.09716103297513222, -0.055698078431066916, 0.14310571958967408, -0.0025720588145319557, -0.4279375556306761, -0.05260671693144641, 0.12434989389520688, 0.10366896530765979, -0.04650790647595938, -0.02716133697721802, -0.08084043732187787, -0.01327450878032651, -0.0820250432694056, 0.14638294420037112, 0.1027833611521198, 0.012109420934050787, -0.17598446698279166, 0.3285142337506423, -0.10268365512373018, -0.3218015499535154, 0.0948350337051527, -0.16015917485671455, -0.09771496670885531, 0.090269367393778, 0.15166833788370254, 0.19375822661047587, -0.11241497945223676, 0.2551301911045782, -0.1127506674746372, 0.10516673216565711, -0.019869315354000838, -0.014888114078336807, 0.07366902983869564, 0.1344474360163583, 0.17116671263957856, 0.1407380875211484, 0.08283725461815714, -0.039067138734533165, -0.3851572774717065, -0.12290524187513062, -0.2578948560880772, 0.18094385532876017, -0.12827925821460906, -0.23617819602005793, 0.3827136099323264, 0.010560988120307199, 0.22838409510670138, 0.08069272066054285, 0.20572697630793343, 0.21681106386736768, -0.02332624862520177, 0.1151246123367035, 0.01582938783847895, 0.19541153181954973, 0.025741303339600563, -0.15419182401974915, 0.052721667492792744, 0.22520975795355969]
706.282
The wall shear rate distribution for flow in random sphere packings
The wall shear rate distribution P(gamma) is investigated for pressure-driven Stokes flow through random arrangements of spheres at packing fractions 0.1 <= phi <= 0.64. For dense packings, P(gamma) is monotonic and approximately exponential. As phi --> 0.1, P(gamma) picks up additional structure which corresponds to the flow around isolated spheres, for which an exact result can be obtained. A simple expression for the mean wall shear rate is presented, based on a force-balance argument.
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.stat-mech
the wall shear rate distribution pgamma is investigated for pressuredriven stokes flow through random arrangements of spheres at packing fractions 01 phi 064 for dense packings pgamma is monotonic and approximately exponential as phi 01 pgamma picks up additional structure which corresponds to the flow around isolated spheres for which an exact result can be obtained a simple expression for the mean wall shear rate is presented based on a forcebalance argument
[['the', 'wall', 'shear', 'rate', 'distribution', 'pgamma', 'is', 'investigated', 'for', 'pressuredriven', 'stokes', 'flow', 'through', 'random', 'arrangements', 'of', 'spheres', 'at', 'packing', 'fractions', '01', 'phi', '064', 'for', 'dense', 'packings', 'pgamma', 'is', 'monotonic', 'and', 'approximately', 'exponential', 'as', 'phi', '01', 'pgamma', 'picks', 'up', 'additional', 'structure', 'which', 'corresponds', 'to', 'the', 'flow', 'around', 'isolated', 'spheres', 'for', 'which', 'an', 'exact', 'result', 'can', 'be', 'obtained', 'a', 'simple', 'expression', 'for', 'the', 'mean', 'wall', 'shear', 'rate', 'is', 'presented', 'based', 'on', 'a', 'forcebalance', 'argument']]
[-0.12729581293873102, 0.17612076343296698, -0.10172770967215507, 0.0171478921790064, -0.011198914428758953, -0.12412423566759874, 0.05934499793349662, 0.37637602258473635, -0.29240353296821314, -0.23160135319146016, 0.058286473956993885, -0.28068128000530934, -0.06990934451783283, 0.2000761141664245, 0.03260133746597502, 0.07124543215872513, 0.016353103309585195, 0.05108583966244219, -0.033188988519315094, -0.18385132338476573, 0.20675463159568608, 0.005979530176975661, 0.24433845576519767, 0.06722039742130113, 0.09349309347776903, -0.006188976959997995, 0.010695405511392487, 0.05492683083543347, -0.2744526314976004, 0.02694095571577135, 0.16819404599543, 0.019818419791085437, 0.17043398676065002, -0.33818678136190605, -0.15821802391696516, 0.10390571702090609, 0.14641158494891393, 0.03131648464477621, -0.03861159645829401, -0.19481305395149523, 0.14538134585988396, -0.14979515824880865, -0.1535365381795499, -0.023926442126846977, 0.07822053041309118, 0.046394613183413945, -0.35282025593349114, 0.1832808035477582, 0.06552452775132325, 0.05461870905451684, -0.07508426384043156, -0.11890233489814112, -0.013946888056428483, 0.07599527736116822, 0.06588276869216417, 0.11131885513896123, 0.24036116785525033, -0.15321650459534591, -0.040019144123006195, 0.4287058269061769, -0.05722844449337572, -0.2147555235585767, 0.16841862869720595, -0.1281644080687935, -0.08370062957207362, 0.27961613465514445, 0.18602758071291545, 0.09020025953133073, -0.13117028951738677, 0.04997797357484362, -0.08126556373705777, 0.1853924471199409, 0.15638770738668326, -0.12521359308286467, 0.18795875313743535, 0.1047518409258272, 0.09956727906602383, 0.1888268268004241, -0.10175332918879576, -0.10972784079947612, -0.34091451053164845, -0.13882167042821594, -0.17795614732636345, 0.12833742207537094, -0.17130598130926147, -0.14600224463760647, 0.23724330064012772, -0.0556697714362397, 0.2472041387841778, 0.10013112045837463, 0.25054805335174835, 0.12386187306805772, -0.026516821604066838, 0.09517009925214855, 0.22922680847760704, 0.17179780906169778, 0.07814218663325948, -0.17109720154743022, 0.03047944590475203, 0.12597755293568802]
706.2821
Black Hole Entropy Constraints on Variation of the Gravitational Constant
Here we apply the Generalized Second Law of Thermodynamics (GSL) to black holes accreting and emitting in the present Universe and derive upper limits on the variation in the gravitational constant G. The limits depend on how the gravitational mass M varies with G. Parameterizing M goes as G^n, if n > -1/2 (including n = 0), the GSL applied to the full range of black holes theoretically allowed in the present Universe does not constrain an increase in G but any decrease must be less than about |(1/G) dG/dt| = 10^-52 per second. If n < -1/2, the GSL does not constrain a decrease in G but any increase must be less than about |(1/G) dG/dt| = 10^-52 per second. At earlier redshifts, these constraints weaken as z^3. If n = -1/2, the GSL does not constrain a decrease but any increase must be less than about |(1/G) dG/dt| = (1/t). If the mass range is restricted to those black holes which have been astronomically observed, the present constraints on n > -1/2 and n < -1/2 are only weakened by a factor of about 10^8 with the tightest constraints coming from stellar mass black holes and the n = -1/2 bound does not change. The stellar mass black hole limits should constrain the variation of G in Standard Model physics and all extension models which approximate classical physics on astronomical scales.
astro-ph gr-qc
here we apply the generalized second law of thermodynamics gsl to black holes accreting and emitting in the present universe and derive upper limits on the variation in the gravitational constant g the limits depend on how the gravitational mass m varies with g parameterizing m goes as gn if n 12 including n 0 the gsl applied to the full range of black holes theoretically allowed in the present universe does not constrain an increase in g but any decrease must be less than about 1g dgdt 1052 per second if n 12 the gsl does not constrain a decrease in g but any increase must be less than about 1g dgdt 1052 per second at earlier redshifts these constraints weaken as z3 if n 12 the gsl does not constrain a decrease but any increase must be less than about 1g dgdt 1t if the mass range is restricted to those black holes which have been astronomically observed the present constraints on n 12 and n 12 are only weakened by a factor of about 108 with the tightest constraints coming from stellar mass black holes and the n 12 bound does not change the stellar mass black hole limits should constrain the variation of g in standard model physics and all extension models which approximate classical physics on astronomical scales
[['here', 'we', 'apply', 'the', 'generalized', 'second', 'law', 'of', 'thermodynamics', 'gsl', 'to', 'black', 'holes', 'accreting', 'and', 'emitting', 'in', 'the', 'present', 'universe', 'and', 'derive', 'upper', 'limits', 'on', 'the', 'variation', 'in', 'the', 'gravitational', 'constant', 'g', 'the', 'limits', 'depend', 'on', 'how', 'the', 'gravitational', 'mass', 'm', 'varies', 'with', 'g', 'parameterizing', 'm', 'goes', 'as', 'gn', 'if', 'n', '12', 'including', 'n', '0', 'the', 'gsl', 'applied', 'to', 'the', 'full', 'range', 'of', 'black', 'holes', 'theoretically', 'allowed', 'in', 'the', 'present', 'universe', 'does', 'not', 'constrain', 'an', 'increase', 'in', 'g', 'but', 'any', 'decrease', 'must', 'be', 'less', 'than', 'about', '1g', 'dgdt', '1052', 'per', 'second', 'if', 'n', '12', 'the', 'gsl', 'does', 'not', 'constrain', 'a', 'decrease', 'in', 'g', 'but', 'any', 'increase', 'must', 'be', 'less', 'than', 'about', '1g', 'dgdt', '1052', 'per', 'second', 'at', 'earlier', 'redshifts', 'these', 'constraints', 'weaken', 'as', 'z3', 'if', 'n', '12', 'the', 'gsl', 'does', 'not', 'constrain', 'a', 'decrease', 'but', 'any', 'increase', 'must', 'be', 'less', 'than', 'about', '1g', 'dgdt', '1t', 'if', 'the', 'mass', 'range', 'is', 'restricted', 'to', 'those', 'black', 'holes', 'which', 'have', 'been', 'astronomically', 'observed', 'the', 'present', 'constraints', 'on', 'n', '12', 'and', 'n', '12', 'are', 'only', 'weakened', 'by', 'a', 'factor', 'of', 'about', '108', 'with', 'the', 'tightest', 'constraints', 'coming', 'from', 'stellar', 'mass', 'black', 'holes', 'and', 'the', 'n', '12', 'bound', 'does', 'not', 'change', 'the', 'stellar', 'mass', 'black', 'hole', 'limits', 'should', 'constrain', 'the', 'variation', 'of', 'g', 'in', 'standard', 'model', 'physics', 'and', 'all', 'extension', 'models', 'which', 'approximate', 'classical', 'physics', 'on', 'astronomical', 'scales']]
[-0.10593720802080905, 0.17985023077293621, -0.02554938141173044, 0.11599770641307275, -0.1081509946035263, -0.15983456305975738, 0.05222085510973606, 0.2789004165762743, -0.1615142589967464, -0.40738516521844764, 0.1002622239679023, -0.3026311504717231, 0.004520768372784682, 0.19130839271921948, -0.024555285011246934, -0.04905425255174327, -0.014974835378873777, 0.06850290209088357, -0.11260087587849776, -0.30200053692216916, 0.27515745302453437, 0.061800643780285436, 0.1631472749957155, 0.03363160030590579, 0.055409312841269466, -0.046241553970132306, 0.005561918739622016, -0.005867295597801026, -0.2015025764933449, 0.013447726454435443, 0.16811358538893015, 0.12663649918141903, 0.2328020192018706, -0.39501226850839605, -0.22168636820989038, 0.16117308165923996, 0.19582079166145536, 0.052447065079350846, 0.00807561175615815, -0.18426357710007327, 0.1137803915711621, -0.20674591026824352, -0.1291311302414423, 0.0353811498347152, 0.09564202208898862, -0.015981354314265898, -0.21631290863013322, 0.12646882639437781, 0.06926783547431832, -0.041702031775094746, -0.06301565775376297, -0.116623813864846, -0.060744387277239104, 0.0751878729658076, 0.05003793015940357, 0.07120685024821771, 0.18797935517671865, -0.0852304332484512, -0.04800844501449221, 0.40066569951684483, -0.08945690644606102, -0.13537867566296047, 0.13638893781948183, -0.2956950685391495, -0.186097929313687, 0.11666089484067174, 0.138062714849653, 0.15710709865676525, -0.10359989410065816, 0.13866593778126085, 0.00763815582516883, 0.28521787608251176, 0.09192753456023442, 0.04964891589359451, 0.2659040729281902, 0.08447278526636684, 0.06919785810064424, 0.0462413562713358, -0.0700253009975725, -0.006724766130880724, -0.311977725981363, -0.11324072585701149, -0.18448549664042674, 0.1407827091522853, -0.1502990540293345, -0.08851310343694593, 0.2686348048042957, 0.12802539006237884, 0.20069360156280444, 0.08206607554642475, 0.21643894516076995, 0.1048520858224164, 0.09687080445924916, 0.15045284974960935, 0.31329464795059553, 0.13472437449822813, 0.08579505131592464, -0.20113242282926297, 0.04862222049569068, 0.0311658215863555]
706.2822
Quantum-Hall activation gaps in graphene
We have measured the quantum-Hall activation gaps in graphene at filling factors $\nu=2$ and $\nu=6$ for magnetic fields up to 32 T and temperatures from 4 K to 300 K. The $\nu =6$ gap can be described by thermal excitation to broadened Landau levels with a width of 400 K. In contrast, the gap measured at $\nu=2$ is strongly temperature and field dependent and approaches the expected value for sharp Landau levels for fields $B > 20$ T and temperatures $T > 100$ K. We explain this surprising behavior by a narrowing of the lowest Landau level.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we have measured the quantumhall activation gaps in graphene at filling factors nu2 and nu6 for magnetic fields up to 32 t and temperatures from 4 k to 300 k the nu 6 gap can be described by thermal excitation to broadened landau levels with a width of 400 k in contrast the gap measured at nu2 is strongly temperature and field dependent and approaches the expected value for sharp landau levels for fields b 20 t and temperatures t 100 k we explain this surprising behavior by a narrowing of the lowest landau level
[['we', 'have', 'measured', 'the', 'quantumhall', 'activation', 'gaps', 'in', 'graphene', 'at', 'filling', 'factors', 'nu2', 'and', 'nu6', 'for', 'magnetic', 'fields', 'up', 'to', '32', 't', 'and', 'temperatures', 'from', '4', 'k', 'to', '300', 'k', 'the', 'nu', '6', 'gap', 'can', 'be', 'described', 'by', 'thermal', 'excitation', 'to', 'broadened', 'landau', 'levels', 'with', 'a', 'width', 'of', '400', 'k', 'in', 'contrast', 'the', 'gap', 'measured', 'at', 'nu2', 'is', 'strongly', 'temperature', 'and', 'field', 'dependent', 'and', 'approaches', 'the', 'expected', 'value', 'for', 'sharp', 'landau', 'levels', 'for', 'fields', 'b', '20', 't', 'and', 'temperatures', 't', '100', 'k', 'we', 'explain', 'this', 'surprising', 'behavior', 'by', 'a', 'narrowing', 'of', 'the', 'lowest', 'landau', 'level']]
[-0.14607445169975491, 0.2898760691113574, -0.01742385804261032, 0.04255969269495261, 0.03481401958453812, -0.16010354352428724, 0.15008975512495165, 0.37807870789578085, -0.24606944786776838, -0.3979038171470165, -0.015055841754043573, -0.28827340759729086, -0.023107549293260827, 0.13082415806497202, 0.07571212008693501, -0.015156075652492674, -0.0636704640585537, 0.04286672002023184, -0.06322181840476236, -0.20190085068737207, 0.2767539712747461, 0.05197465288158702, 0.24506812903809508, 0.12601573534898067, 0.015051817854768352, -0.07051309969178156, 0.09704744535449304, 0.04201395762594123, -0.18610318866803457, -0.0048217961270558204, 0.28031068070742643, -0.09197291829868366, 0.2434308091962808, -0.31669237178407217, -0.16064073229453674, -0.017558343032080877, 0.12389777982852569, 0.0598423388541529, 0.04736467264776461, -0.23223064600637083, 0.10883557866572549, -0.08927452587032396, -0.13897455063109335, -0.04967959758972651, 0.05086356421172815, -0.08205579363642947, -0.265281298001738, 0.1421357436203643, 0.05994325108875177, 0.12857120968891603, -0.07996480065937105, -0.2676508315765348, -0.008469379552958631, 0.05705965287235908, 0.015518299080921632, 0.09029747096999352, 0.164502794756309, -0.1610343171406145, -0.11835493287929383, 0.32535174345891726, -0.15818671544915752, -0.04756897762417793, 0.1906394697333637, -0.25594043088586704, -0.059762289018468244, 0.27309221417496077, 0.09334231126857431, 0.06076569168485309, -0.08327940622050511, 0.09547133528647368, 0.029506142221783337, 0.16120885733367973, 0.14123335600781597, 0.034176416533361925, 0.19939737891974418, 0.11086054966343861, 0.02718263334398599, 0.09453761283136708, -0.14462821216224447, 0.011719850945825639, -0.2504287033881012, -0.12406640717465627, -0.16222818476196968, 0.10556060687491768, -0.04206062105260667, -0.07295888454016101, 0.3888695963119206, 0.11296193177909836, 0.27488871826545186, 0.025873659109990847, 0.19942040579197437, 0.2093669297761823, 0.09203307793634993, 0.11774053536845665, 0.18935982042335367, 0.1782028321715954, 0.12867714058803884, -0.26770220690308827, -0.04445415863914317, -0.06925384710101705]
706.2823
Non-thermal recombination - a neglected source of flare hard X-rays and fast electron diagnostic
Context. Flare Hard X-Rays (HXRs) from non-thermal electrons are commonly treated as solely bremsstrahlung (f-f), recombination (f-b) being neglected. This assumption is shown to be substantially in error, especially in hot sources, mainly due to recombination onto Fe ions. Aims. We analyse the effects on HXR spectra and electron diagnostics by including non-thermal recombination onto heavy elements in our model. Methods. Using Kramers hydrogenic cross sections with effective Z, we calculate f-f and f-b spectra for power-law electron spectra, in both thin and thick target limits, and for Maxwellians, with summation over all important ions. Results. We find that non-thermal electron recombination, especially onto Fe, must, in general, be included together with f-f, for reliable spectral interpretation, when the HXR source is hot. f-b contribution is greatest when the electron spectral index is large, and any low energy cut-off small. f-b spectra recombination edges mean a cut-off in F(E) appears as a HXR feature at Photon energy = Ec + Vz, offering an Ec diagnostic. Including f-b lowers, greatly in some cases, the F(E) needed for prescribed HXR fluxes and, even when small, seriously distorts F(E) as inferred by inversion or forward fitting based on f-f alone. Conclusions. f-b recombination from non-thermal electrons can be an important contributor to HXR spectra and should be included in spectral analyses, especially for hot sources. Accurate results will require use of better cross sections than ours and consideration of source ionisation structure.
astro-ph
context flare hard xrays hxrs from nonthermal electrons are commonly treated as solely bremsstrahlung ff recombination fb being neglected this assumption is shown to be substantially in error especially in hot sources mainly due to recombination onto fe ions aims we analyse the effects on hxr spectra and electron diagnostics by including nonthermal recombination onto heavy elements in our model methods using kramers hydrogenic cross sections with effective z we calculate ff and fb spectra for powerlaw electron spectra in both thin and thick target limits and for maxwellians with summation over all important ions results we find that nonthermal electron recombination especially onto fe must in general be included together with ff for reliable spectral interpretation when the hxr source is hot fb contribution is greatest when the electron spectral index is large and any low energy cutoff small fb spectra recombination edges mean a cutoff in fe appears as a hxr feature at photon energy ec vz offering an ec diagnostic including fb lowers greatly in some cases the fe needed for prescribed hxr fluxes and even when small seriously distorts fe as inferred by inversion or forward fitting based on ff alone conclusions fb recombination from nonthermal electrons can be an important contributor to hxr spectra and should be included in spectral analyses especially for hot sources accurate results will require use of better cross sections than ours and consideration of source ionisation structure
[['context', 'flare', 'hard', 'xrays', 'hxrs', 'from', 'nonthermal', 'electrons', 'are', 'commonly', 'treated', 'as', 'solely', 'bremsstrahlung', 'ff', 'recombination', 'fb', 'being', 'neglected', 'this', 'assumption', 'is', 'shown', 'to', 'be', 'substantially', 'in', 'error', 'especially', 'in', 'hot', 'sources', 'mainly', 'due', 'to', 'recombination', 'onto', 'fe', 'ions', 'aims', 'we', 'analyse', 'the', 'effects', 'on', 'hxr', 'spectra', 'and', 'electron', 'diagnostics', 'by', 'including', 'nonthermal', 'recombination', 'onto', 'heavy', 'elements', 'in', 'our', 'model', 'methods', 'using', 'kramers', 'hydrogenic', 'cross', 'sections', 'with', 'effective', 'z', 'we', 'calculate', 'ff', 'and', 'fb', 'spectra', 'for', 'powerlaw', 'electron', 'spectra', 'in', 'both', 'thin', 'and', 'thick', 'target', 'limits', 'and', 'for', 'maxwellians', 'with', 'summation', 'over', 'all', 'important', 'ions', 'results', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'nonthermal', 'electron', 'recombination', 'especially', 'onto', 'fe', 'must', 'in', 'general', 'be', 'included', 'together', 'with', 'ff', 'for', 'reliable', 'spectral', 'interpretation', 'when', 'the', 'hxr', 'source', 'is', 'hot', 'fb', 'contribution', 'is', 'greatest', 'when', 'the', 'electron', 'spectral', 'index', 'is', 'large', 'and', 'any', 'low', 'energy', 'cutoff', 'small', 'fb', 'spectra', 'recombination', 'edges', 'mean', 'a', 'cutoff', 'in', 'fe', 'appears', 'as', 'a', 'hxr', 'feature', 'at', 'photon', 'energy', 'ec', 'vz', 'offering', 'an', 'ec', 'diagnostic', 'including', 'fb', 'lowers', 'greatly', 'in', 'some', 'cases', 'the', 'fe', 'needed', 'for', 'prescribed', 'hxr', 'fluxes', 'and', 'even', 'when', 'small', 'seriously', 'distorts', 'fe', 'as', 'inferred', 'by', 'inversion', 'or', 'forward', 'fitting', 'based', 'on', 'ff', 'alone', 'conclusions', 'fb', 'recombination', 'from', 'nonthermal', 'electrons', 'can', 'be', 'an', 'important', 'contributor', 'to', 'hxr', 'spectra', 'and', 'should', 'be', 'included', 'in', 'spectral', 'analyses', 'especially', 'for', 'hot', 'sources', 'accurate', 'results', 'will', 'require', 'use', 'of', 'better', 'cross', 'sections', 'than', 'ours', 'and', 'consideration', 'of', 'source', 'ionisation', 'structure']]
[0.01211896507542989, 0.15922242293111244, -0.00043866385898320986, 0.17584914174510505, -0.004687926371460034, -0.1687401782383333, 0.02668094444103374, 0.4674481300790382, -0.20564029671306788, -0.3335271838773435, 0.007124976329662629, -0.3199367584857868, 0.05462895280225713, 0.22333521281765922, -0.0018271477421439146, -0.03014760598528517, 0.06656084360774873, -0.07552857545326279, -0.020827419403547476, -0.16248652592639318, 0.26658353337306795, 0.13691114878010807, 0.22647217238019318, 0.11841559264846224, -0.015601630208675872, -0.0027436400068145766, -0.06996543328464425, -0.009192537058990967, -0.06843773741978108, 0.08276554046175148, 0.259650888869476, 0.051874481345908045, 0.16808282144324468, -0.4117110754292751, -0.23322913402230736, 0.06410280130328345, 0.20747734743803112, 0.05431278111100715, -0.024959976299575488, -0.21839453500669984, 0.03665238173819984, -0.14461688707162182, -0.09765843552169351, -0.009743889123567316, 0.01839029414084139, 0.02094905656263358, -0.2897213284168903, 0.12137879254745873, 0.021478889978644024, 0.034636556736747676, -0.10094028428287288, -0.15134561094032986, -0.05804876469661195, 0.03732779623048069, 0.07998002618983514, 0.016274707490098878, 0.1956211943690221, -0.08791391071588399, -0.08611853244686932, 0.39767447075873363, -0.103799848150541, -0.07858555031083682, 0.16526734297810208, -0.17559276967611998, -0.1342482523499489, 0.262587246245347, 0.13442619536504274, 0.0884642148958244, -0.14981635852552555, 0.07049118564329071, 0.058255909749538586, 0.1886645843719922, 0.05375450503725543, 0.057345014274020126, 0.24648870026323363, 0.08515997712189953, -0.010361190766311262, 0.08784158377542714, -0.20231015781109626, -0.011574909120468022, -0.28950338797714514, -0.10561054407461509, -0.14476747653704483, 0.09043268336843746, -0.06653577176817665, -0.1514258946832181, 0.34983271345759465, 0.11112255014219805, 0.21363756781049026, -0.058786171512041664, 0.3335816631808814, 0.17064551977545833, 0.05233182285603859, 0.131062979648825, 0.24602427228340656, 0.15362042450406962, 0.10387708564572093, -0.21764722162904807, 0.0774673209044265, 0.025598815426167557]
706.2824
M\'ethodologie de mod\'elisation et d'impl\'ementation d'adaptateurs spatio-temporels
The re-use of pre-designed blocks is a well-known concept of the software development. This technique has been applied to System-on-Chip (SoC) design whose complexity and heterogeneity are growing. The re-use is made thanks to high level components, called virtual components (IP), available in more or less flexible forms. These components are dedicated blocks: digital signal processing (DCT, FFT), telecommunications (Viterbi, TurboCodes),... These blocks rest on a model of fixed architecture with very few degrees of personalization. This rigidity is particularly true for the communication interface whose orders of acquisition and production of data, the temporal behavior and protocols of exchanges are fixed. The successful integration of such an IP requires that the designer (1) synchronizes the components (2) converts the protocols between "incompatible" blocks (3) temporizes the data to guarantee the temporal constraints and the order of the data. This phase remains however very manual and source of errors. Our approach proposes a formal modeling, based on an original Ressource Compatibility Graph. The synthesis flow is based on a set of transformations of the initial graph to lead to an interface architecture allowing the space-time adaptation of the data exchanges between several components.
cs.AR
the reuse of predesigned blocks is a wellknown concept of the software development this technique has been applied to systemonchip soc design whose complexity and heterogeneity are growing the reuse is made thanks to high level components called virtual components ip available in more or less flexible forms these components are dedicated blocks digital signal processing dct fft telecommunications viterbi turbocodes these blocks rest on a model of fixed architecture with very few degrees of personalization this rigidity is particularly true for the communication interface whose orders of acquisition and production of data the temporal behavior and protocols of exchanges are fixed the successful integration of such an ip requires that the designer 1 synchronizes the components 2 converts the protocols between incompatible blocks 3 temporizes the data to guarantee the temporal constraints and the order of the data this phase remains however very manual and source of errors our approach proposes a formal modeling based on an original ressource compatibility graph the synthesis flow is based on a set of transformations of the initial graph to lead to an interface architecture allowing the spacetime adaptation of the data exchanges between several components
[['the', 'reuse', 'of', 'predesigned', 'blocks', 'is', 'a', 'wellknown', 'concept', 'of', 'the', 'software', 'development', 'this', 'technique', 'has', 'been', 'applied', 'to', 'systemonchip', 'soc', 'design', 'whose', 'complexity', 'and', 'heterogeneity', 'are', 'growing', 'the', 'reuse', 'is', 'made', 'thanks', 'to', 'high', 'level', 'components', 'called', 'virtual', 'components', 'ip', 'available', 'in', 'more', 'or', 'less', 'flexible', 'forms', 'these', 'components', 'are', 'dedicated', 'blocks', 'digital', 'signal', 'processing', 'dct', 'fft', 'telecommunications', 'viterbi', 'turbocodes', 'these', 'blocks', 'rest', 'on', 'a', 'model', 'of', 'fixed', 'architecture', 'with', 'very', 'few', 'degrees', 'of', 'personalization', 'this', 'rigidity', 'is', 'particularly', 'true', 'for', 'the', 'communication', 'interface', 'whose', 'orders', 'of', 'acquisition', 'and', 'production', 'of', 'data', 'the', 'temporal', 'behavior', 'and', 'protocols', 'of', 'exchanges', 'are', 'fixed', 'the', 'successful', 'integration', 'of', 'such', 'an', 'ip', 'requires', 'that', 'the', 'designer', '1', 'synchronizes', 'the', 'components', '2', 'converts', 'the', 'protocols', 'between', 'incompatible', 'blocks', '3', 'temporizes', 'the', 'data', 'to', 'guarantee', 'the', 'temporal', 'constraints', 'and', 'the', 'order', 'of', 'the', 'data', 'this', 'phase', 'remains', 'however', 'very', 'manual', 'and', 'source', 'of', 'errors', 'our', 'approach', 'proposes', 'a', 'formal', 'modeling', 'based', 'on', 'an', 'original', 'ressource', 'compatibility', 'graph', 'the', 'synthesis', 'flow', 'is', 'based', 'on', 'a', 'set', 'of', 'transformations', 'of', 'the', 'initial', 'graph', 'to', 'lead', 'to', 'an', 'interface', 'architecture', 'allowing', 'the', 'spacetime', 'adaptation', 'of', 'the', 'data', 'exchanges', 'between', 'several', 'components']]
[-0.18367402751331005, 0.06683998547813037, -0.0686735716444673, 0.005591476574409171, -0.10191445838669703, -0.1605756487357818, 0.027848946814629016, 0.3878329730709993, -0.2918118981130344, -0.3168821693592084, 0.14548938402670805, -0.2461825727368705, -0.11899341148212746, 0.17739968742292453, -0.06305574191416478, 0.0762845539108336, 0.04525983018053618, 0.004705659378184161, -0.04247399362914924, -0.22851525018783528, 0.2921482022987523, 0.06153359308033638, 0.34154210905641474, 0.016383397497217327, 0.1170507017862595, 0.019226685382212356, -0.051292139994075114, -0.05231815775702368, -0.04197172933485641, 0.18848014827623652, 0.2743120288747984, 0.186917522962176, 0.2673426828720646, -0.44582879210914445, -0.17835553215142377, 0.058162750079645775, 0.13007314462205008, 0.08333347481917978, -0.02722822241632154, -0.24870738223883868, 0.09914281500944828, -0.1741401747215908, -0.06491637386837586, -0.04716296957788776, 0.018375082332568127, 0.0060002328712774515, -0.2709520156131475, -0.013603998920492208, 0.055323845939710736, 0.07403735184076747, -0.015276850879066236, -0.09651609533951462, -0.0037224273528408958, 0.17790039931302695, 0.009681123426361182, 0.017693553271631874, 0.11520397660084807, -0.1160516595421844, -0.11374940966925351, 0.3826025585197688, 0.008923039133151178, -0.19872557901059432, 0.2161682718518326, -0.03263884748957935, -0.14271778460473192, 0.13588881556643173, 0.1795026552378355, 0.05892594828522609, -0.1696327626511144, 0.06810331719164726, 0.056021956814220175, 0.24158288243415882, 0.04351433738762959, 0.04598409101890866, 0.18083947683286775, 0.21538205451694617, 0.06847092072299195, 0.12672384349571075, -0.07917435055060196, -0.07284805792369298, -0.269308015242738, -0.14652847136433897, -0.18620636772539, -0.01860082132043317, -0.11721102583722616, -0.17822941731962297, 0.4014705476874951, 0.14946809387765825, 0.16480524566941313, 0.07025736678042449, 0.3454603550732524, 0.06300675275277474, 0.13942101343218383, 0.09119753926158107, 0.18165110944391927, 0.09593883444127489, 0.13433323208543393, -0.1616158761874734, 0.09404016722449644, 0.011225370665973363]
706.2825
Graded structure and Hopf structures in parabosonic algebra. An alternative approach to bosonisation
Parabosonic algebra in infinite degrees of freedom is presented as a generalization of the bosonic algebra, from the viewpoints of both physics and mathematics. The notion of super-Hopf algebra is shortly discussed and the super-Hopf algebraic structure of the parabosonic algebra is established (without appealing to its Lie superalgebraic structure). Two possible variants of the parabosonic algebra are presented and their (ordinary) Hopf algebraic structure is estabished: The first is produced by "bosonising" the original super-Hopf algebra, while the second is constructed via a slightly different path.
math-ph hep-th math.MP math.QA
parabosonic algebra in infinite degrees of freedom is presented as a generalization of the bosonic algebra from the viewpoints of both physics and mathematics the notion of superhopf algebra is shortly discussed and the superhopf algebraic structure of the parabosonic algebra is established without appealing to its lie superalgebraic structure two possible variants of the parabosonic algebra are presented and their ordinary hopf algebraic structure is estabished the first is produced by bosonising the original superhopf algebra while the second is constructed via a slightly different path
[['parabosonic', 'algebra', 'in', 'infinite', 'degrees', 'of', 'freedom', 'is', 'presented', 'as', 'a', 'generalization', 'of', 'the', 'bosonic', 'algebra', 'from', 'the', 'viewpoints', 'of', 'both', 'physics', 'and', 'mathematics', 'the', 'notion', 'of', 'superhopf', 'algebra', 'is', 'shortly', 'discussed', 'and', 'the', 'superhopf', 'algebraic', 'structure', 'of', 'the', 'parabosonic', 'algebra', 'is', 'established', 'without', 'appealing', 'to', 'its', 'lie', 'superalgebraic', 'structure', 'two', 'possible', 'variants', 'of', 'the', 'parabosonic', 'algebra', 'are', 'presented', 'and', 'their', 'ordinary', 'hopf', 'algebraic', 'structure', 'is', 'estabished', 'the', 'first', 'is', 'produced', 'by', 'bosonising', 'the', 'original', 'superhopf', 'algebra', 'while', 'the', 'second', 'is', 'constructed', 'via', 'a', 'slightly', 'different', 'path']]
[-0.1627766084207525, 0.1020901546986817, -0.09765980315806214, 0.06605008579953033, -0.17356455038020083, -0.11965616479472713, -0.04811643452524359, 0.30509775334449357, -0.38077842571967563, -0.24336052898230942, 0.15289426241259546, -0.2145698566942714, -0.16207920974337084, 0.1619273357548166, -0.09658074268508096, -0.043615547686322524, 0.04018743193253528, 0.13615636848628002, -0.12800635296789128, -0.22843112590246248, 0.35738827327136385, 0.060441752711614206, 0.24478026019506763, -0.019874133922289625, 0.1609216214937353, 0.033085629538914495, -0.03303763415491165, -0.016026264251491357, -0.09146585906747469, 0.13216781977369169, 0.26638777286009213, 0.11137697890097666, 0.19714262328641272, -0.37024595210501965, -0.0896322205554434, 0.055231931451491495, 0.1454664900260003, 0.07177997425978266, -0.019401134238145205, -0.28855775358415275, 0.06469990262696736, -0.22745932118837223, -0.14179876850116566, -0.05678323288123275, 0.027621443480859664, -0.051470122474034555, -0.17407491182851562, 0.033120722975581884, 0.09831075440499347, 0.12825287563193638, -0.034027011265036065, -0.13436464294737074, -0.1394313760670335, 0.041214051142031714, -0.05471615967080863, 0.004858589547058177, 0.11082260791472225, -0.10747129445202476, -0.1956358361464037, 0.39708886558709794, 0.05546526043394277, -0.21416984739994935, 0.15780963605881648, -0.14581647643624523, -0.12907389089530116, 0.07809099746694745, 0.026784597549500855, 0.10244606232790407, -0.11550229414417625, 0.21503315222528113, -0.07868239095131326, 0.02966986173698895, 0.06614687763219483, 0.03640816249169929, 0.13654709398398937, 0.1336832720871614, -0.01408844709742901, 0.183498072746578, 0.057164641332725974, -0.13018375983919278, -0.34136393612120736, -0.15411446094079767, -0.13835414971203305, 0.06688154632696709, -0.0930118206883361, -0.12606395709566598, 0.43911630364654713, 0.0882948721788802, 0.15203342212060855, 0.03518619015812874, 0.24040801346648571, 0.1214171347931179, 0.11304723768329876, 0.019654984672575496, 0.1899480511066179, 0.2899693475933312, 0.05673127720229934, -0.16581114391535035, -0.023945760999827884, 0.19763130392218659]
706.2826
Barrier transmission for the one-dimensional nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation: resonances and transmission profiles
The stationary nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation (or Gross-Pitaevskii equation) for one-dimensional potential scattering is studied. The nonlinear transmission function shows a distorted profile, which differs from the Lorentzian one found in the linear case. This nonlinear profile function is analyzed and related to Siegert type complex resonances. It is shown, that the characteristic nonlinear profile function can be conveniently described in terms of skeleton functions depending on a few instructive parameters. These skeleton functions also determine the decay behavior of the underlying resonance state. Furthermore we extend the Siegert method for calculating resonances, which provides a convenient recipe for calculating nonlinear resonances. Applications to a double Gaussian barrier and a square well potential illustrate our analysis.
cond-mat.other
the stationary nonlinear schrodinger equation or grosspitaevskii equation for onedimensional potential scattering is studied the nonlinear transmission function shows a distorted profile which differs from the lorentzian one found in the linear case this nonlinear profile function is analyzed and related to siegert type complex resonances it is shown that the characteristic nonlinear profile function can be conveniently described in terms of skeleton functions depending on a few instructive parameters these skeleton functions also determine the decay behavior of the underlying resonance state furthermore we extend the siegert method for calculating resonances which provides a convenient recipe for calculating nonlinear resonances applications to a double gaussian barrier and a square well potential illustrate our analysis
[['the', 'stationary', 'nonlinear', 'schrodinger', 'equation', 'or', 'grosspitaevskii', 'equation', 'for', 'onedimensional', 'potential', 'scattering', 'is', 'studied', 'the', 'nonlinear', 'transmission', 'function', 'shows', 'a', 'distorted', 'profile', 'which', 'differs', 'from', 'the', 'lorentzian', 'one', 'found', 'in', 'the', 'linear', 'case', 'this', 'nonlinear', 'profile', 'function', 'is', 'analyzed', 'and', 'related', 'to', 'siegert', 'type', 'complex', 'resonances', 'it', 'is', 'shown', 'that', 'the', 'characteristic', 'nonlinear', 'profile', 'function', 'can', 'be', 'conveniently', 'described', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'skeleton', 'functions', 'depending', 'on', 'a', 'few', 'instructive', 'parameters', 'these', 'skeleton', 'functions', 'also', 'determine', 'the', 'decay', 'behavior', 'of', 'the', 'underlying', 'resonance', 'state', 'furthermore', 'we', 'extend', 'the', 'siegert', 'method', 'for', 'calculating', 'resonances', 'which', 'provides', 'a', 'convenient', 'recipe', 'for', 'calculating', 'nonlinear', 'resonances', 'applications', 'to', 'a', 'double', 'gaussian', 'barrier', 'and', 'a', 'square', 'well', 'potential', 'illustrate', 'our', 'analysis']]
[-0.07789953463285676, 0.05312334635983343, -0.1096968314084022, 0.1359071403539375, -0.10337812416255474, -0.1630885152105728, -0.03805217181291917, 0.3319465766782346, -0.2890558719796979, -0.22683790923784608, 0.04966785765617438, -0.2654532887082061, -0.2306380706940494, 0.22096849753440398, 0.0366944567826779, 0.09422111419717903, 0.030498770266042457, 0.030409452408228232, -0.07060319428919289, -0.17941750255615815, 0.3182958303910235, 0.001431441983289045, 0.26343088282029264, 0.07263504760947241, 0.07367315717932323, 0.06428992656343009, 0.026596426373631087, -0.01394167736238476, -0.1504640690357875, 0.06900222758033678, 0.21076696199243483, 0.04937502348633564, 0.22654060127375567, -0.3760094324693732, -0.2499466081838245, 0.05882456329772654, 0.19625753462314605, 0.1352891319066934, -0.039517652843673916, -0.2952888458704009, 0.021570571155651756, -0.12492835741976033, -0.22906565202562057, -0.0886774009782011, 0.02410235510248205, 0.05983007634261056, -0.3136550252366325, 0.10870561001027691, 0.029988278645981588, 0.008044574336837168, -0.08353820795638729, -0.11089993931515062, -0.013451388385146857, 0.044871816395417506, -0.01602864626430623, 0.0008245992595734804, 0.1365027713710847, -0.11835595670044827, -0.06870456284074032, 0.35109032776773624, -0.1100673015107927, -0.27475926314845034, 0.132839172795091, -0.14453035561448854, -0.042240178445354104, 0.148918873195172, 0.16906349106246363, 0.140278914740876, -0.16868475212351136, 0.10271911414083265, -0.017610581117965606, 0.1717306860902286, 0.0735650928610045, -0.00451593578023755, 0.15934699696853108, 0.1487174047643076, 0.03193612874121122, 0.15959060475452924, -0.0323397241593541, -0.142180389125386, -0.31742335616246514, -0.10732181104628936, -0.18472300516239004, 0.055856875027529895, -0.07419345404360565, -0.21140662647211803, 0.465992668017988, 0.05347617021964296, 0.20539134669563044, 0.01356200970425878, 0.27109957062031914, 0.2697425956766971, 0.036519114474725466, 0.019543707050868997, 0.2306450598589752, 0.16931731265807606, 0.07754475470105915, -0.23495296803707985, 0.031666804817707644, 0.04456025593795145]
706.2827
Higher Tits indices of algebraic groups
Let G be a semisimple algebraic group over a field k. We introduce the higher Tits indices of G as the set of all Tits indices of G over all field extensions K/k. In the context of quadratic forms this notion coincides with the notion of the higher Witt indices introduced by M. Knebusch and classified by N. Karpenko and A. Vishik. We classify the higher Tits indices for exceptional algebraic groups. Our main tools involve the Chow groups and the Chow motives of projective homogeneous varieties, Steenrod operations, and the notion of the J-invariant of algebraic groups.
math.AG
let g be a semisimple algebraic group over a field k we introduce the higher tits indices of g as the set of all tits indices of g over all field extensions kk in the context of quadratic forms this notion coincides with the notion of the higher witt indices introduced by m knebusch and classified by n karpenko and a vishik we classify the higher tits indices for exceptional algebraic groups our main tools involve the chow groups and the chow motives of projective homogeneous varieties steenrod operations and the notion of the jinvariant of algebraic groups
[['let', 'g', 'be', 'a', 'semisimple', 'algebraic', 'group', 'over', 'a', 'field', 'k', 'we', 'introduce', 'the', 'higher', 'tits', 'indices', 'of', 'g', 'as', 'the', 'set', 'of', 'all', 'tits', 'indices', 'of', 'g', 'over', 'all', 'field', 'extensions', 'kk', 'in', 'the', 'context', 'of', 'quadratic', 'forms', 'this', 'notion', 'coincides', 'with', 'the', 'notion', 'of', 'the', 'higher', 'witt', 'indices', 'introduced', 'by', 'm', 'knebusch', 'and', 'classified', 'by', 'n', 'karpenko', 'and', 'a', 'vishik', 'we', 'classify', 'the', 'higher', 'tits', 'indices', 'for', 'exceptional', 'algebraic', 'groups', 'our', 'main', 'tools', 'involve', 'the', 'chow', 'groups', 'and', 'the', 'chow', 'motives', 'of', 'projective', 'homogeneous', 'varieties', 'steenrod', 'operations', 'and', 'the', 'notion', 'of', 'the', 'jinvariant', 'of', 'algebraic', 'groups']]
[-0.24673675107104437, 0.06953564941008784, -0.14239064012939223, 0.048306726502511194, -0.11094674122120653, -0.11233236652570872, 0.00395661176714514, 0.271216126044794, -0.31126265560409855, -0.2617134879894403, 0.07613936306466823, -0.21882353307280158, -0.1312360187008863, 0.19917358205729754, -0.1940013386632259, -0.09014911822290445, -0.060273046333851214, 0.10829393285782818, -0.08615841779724828, -0.36003787744058563, 0.43843186061297146, -0.04229086673446118, 0.22128704117078865, -0.036694959974942765, 0.07964532763450122, 0.033677789116544385, -0.07395652374157644, -0.005508449140042827, -0.1395777862338463, 0.16950746870846772, 0.35666585242261695, 0.049736026408416886, 0.2324705804717176, -0.3208301188994427, -0.1446187086700348, 0.22336425091025933, 0.09663799636978276, -0.06382148058334251, 0.06428159445486202, -0.27436942240337325, 0.13519554368662173, -0.23286517817831162, -0.14837504037399302, -0.062798951562418, 0.08762869800616778, -0.0024270262303096907, -0.19560779215844007, -0.05444453777127652, 0.08671838347324912, 0.23731299841358344, -0.08362370967028701, -0.15493286566984632, -0.09301349863989697, 0.05680896560851561, -0.03147633812789406, 0.0035767475599232986, 0.09573506235088013, -0.05861313944463903, -0.18505957650438865, 0.39823150171004995, -0.06340509297668326, -0.14048070693982537, 0.10908551929442555, -0.1807154480567468, -0.15735632556547618, 0.12057901034131646, 0.05505307761914268, 0.1819574632444324, 0.061204325673835616, 0.20767869236546435, -0.13259310860719, -0.003170433625274775, 0.11557027120713373, -0.02087099729723544, 0.11305240320745019, 0.01597648940989938, 0.06542510332121533, 0.11353424497837276, 0.08382367941417865, 0.06736472986011328, -0.36021558227663747, -0.22069985236573433, -0.07963071934337139, 0.13688915500735713, -0.18702396480972422, -0.15753811966314227, 0.4257823212490398, 0.04189292503026675, 0.11251762740275993, 0.17138352672740512, 0.2024329596374906, 0.019037204275616892, 0.08596414128527502, 0.06637272064821148, 0.08763828451213028, 0.3534902886782146, -0.05118634058780284, -0.12132804345681655, -0.06375601261436027, 0.2540988245674846]
706.2828
Adelic Maass spaces on U(2,2)
Generalizing the results of Kojima, Gritsenko and Krieg, we define an adelic version of the Maass space for hermitian modular forms of weight k regarded as functions on adelic points of the quasi-split unitary group U(2,2) associated with an imaginary quadratic extension F/Q of discriminant D_F. When the class number h_F of F is odd, we show that the Maass space is invariant under the action of the local Hecke algebras of U(2,2)(Q_p) for all p not dividing D_F. As a consequence we obtain a Hecke-equivariant injective map from the Maass space to the h_F-fold direct product of the space of elliptic modular forms of weight k-1 and level D_F.
math.NT math.RT
generalizing the results of kojima gritsenko and krieg we define an adelic version of the maass space for hermitian modular forms of weight k regarded as functions on adelic points of the quasisplit unitary group u22 associated with an imaginary quadratic extension fq of discriminant d_f when the class number h_f of f is odd we show that the maass space is invariant under the action of the local hecke algebras of u22q_p for all p not dividing d_f as a consequence we obtain a heckeequivariant injective map from the maass space to the h_ffold direct product of the space of elliptic modular forms of weight k1 and level d_f
[['generalizing', 'the', 'results', 'of', 'kojima', 'gritsenko', 'and', 'krieg', 'we', 'define', 'an', 'adelic', 'version', 'of', 'the', 'maass', 'space', 'for', 'hermitian', 'modular', 'forms', 'of', 'weight', 'k', 'regarded', 'as', 'functions', 'on', 'adelic', 'points', 'of', 'the', 'quasisplit', 'unitary', 'group', 'u22', 'associated', 'with', 'an', 'imaginary', 'quadratic', 'extension', 'fq', 'of', 'discriminant', 'd_f', 'when', 'the', 'class', 'number', 'h_f', 'of', 'f', 'is', 'odd', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'maass', 'space', 'is', 'invariant', 'under', 'the', 'action', 'of', 'the', 'local', 'hecke', 'algebras', 'of', 'u22q_p', 'for', 'all', 'p', 'not', 'dividing', 'd_f', 'as', 'a', 'consequence', 'we', 'obtain', 'a', 'heckeequivariant', 'injective', 'map', 'from', 'the', 'maass', 'space', 'to', 'the', 'h_ffold', 'direct', 'product', 'of', 'the', 'space', 'of', 'elliptic', 'modular', 'forms', 'of', 'weight', 'k1', 'and', 'level', 'd_f']]
[-0.24079605474792146, 0.08461563662368227, -0.12571127299667784, 0.054937086591962725, -0.10131307523611381, -0.1128530011391612, -0.007451611825402964, 0.2724921397726845, -0.34412918201889153, -0.18185398253370766, 0.057159325920683506, -0.2546291985948941, -0.1894560388237652, 0.2419590774656239, -0.05617651348304072, 0.024736199484862113, -0.00462207364034839, 0.1498640754273058, -0.1654289182150495, -0.2945058561378607, 0.45453408508803006, -0.00300213373567978, 0.16007472879546522, -0.01786131822532129, 0.07467761724600913, 0.0849971294109882, 0.022231349113604262, -0.12069461263686039, -0.1368473129139063, 0.13867344750151797, 0.30230110361137325, 0.03865303017664701, 0.22104359316398148, -0.32815195082824816, -0.10267776068670813, 0.2237552810218875, 0.1235236995594783, -0.06893954029375757, 0.04592872286944098, -0.2838094468159532, 0.07565574137670747, -0.17037589724727528, -0.14939847730824518, -0.12166147559010251, 0.07887764342982943, -0.026489392619286838, -0.3103294939673678, 0.016106565482914448, 0.12248121574521065, 0.17525266028112835, -0.13542217146217203, -0.16085074133567373, -0.06554661672648594, 0.0574668596568194, -0.03611362918659493, 0.09716850245523448, 0.1002114402708011, -0.08904364109858526, -0.07369486411550531, 0.353863716142735, -0.10195740529215308, -0.21511228995492543, 0.08000815383167248, -0.19060162918780138, -0.17549287141904374, 0.11467447912286001, 0.08319662710548276, 0.10477416340209958, 0.03289054753299246, 0.22802753079816251, -0.14393861825293344, 0.0638227126457625, 0.1133483363556917, -0.017027530425197997, 0.11365718952449108, 0.01742945846247797, 0.10585701208630646, 0.17039275346366964, 0.005805739440364522, 0.012148598308192083, -0.36224015795246317, -0.24708897150466563, -0.17066810708988836, 0.1341154443465779, -0.1158652830231909, -0.17558113216525978, 0.4086465682334232, 0.017298446976821178, 0.22678109179509598, 0.15315247170144208, 0.14784902572864667, 0.1189728863946921, 0.11662080970213369, 0.04501860494201537, 0.08387765863315305, 0.22323753411398717, -0.08235985303245899, -0.15182917720974526, -0.07086045676529736, 0.21165642536814427]
706.2829
A geometric construction of the exceptional Lie algebras F4 and E8
We present a geometric construction of the exceptional Lie algebras F4 and E8 starting from the round 8- and 15-spheres, respectively, inspired by the construction of the Killing superalgebra of a supersymmetric supergravity background. (There is no supergravity in the paper.)
math.DG hep-th math.RT
we present a geometric construction of the exceptional lie algebras f4 and e8 starting from the round 8 and 15spheres respectively inspired by the construction of the killing superalgebra of a supersymmetric supergravity background there is no supergravity in the paper
[['we', 'present', 'a', 'geometric', 'construction', 'of', 'the', 'exceptional', 'lie', 'algebras', 'f4', 'and', 'e8', 'starting', 'from', 'the', 'round', '8', 'and', '15spheres', 'respectively', 'inspired', 'by', 'the', 'construction', 'of', 'the', 'killing', 'superalgebra', 'of', 'a', 'supersymmetric', 'supergravity', 'background', 'there', 'is', 'no', 'supergravity', 'in', 'the', 'paper']]
[-0.14808762668654685, 0.07681378513211157, -0.008829263288800309, 0.024527217162114274, -0.11976825214195543, -0.15701949884887875, -0.011605073269115897, 0.307504838718692, -0.1356113571105752, -0.2770757762397208, 0.16618219643430898, -0.25666123864854257, -0.2173076357249534, 0.12739559176673249, -0.16232418293905695, -0.05829424339505594, 0.007437240650377623, 0.12655103856288805, -0.14566243622770034, -0.27809005139804466, 0.3603916263957394, 0.012870753501973501, 0.19334430422452165, -0.0526284498429471, 0.1939050396222894, -0.016281163422163666, -0.015393022947558543, -0.07407164128451812, -0.1375293385055734, 0.17476074266951622, 0.25037816989167433, 0.12482586053268212, 0.08026100458895288, -0.3863768257291579, -0.09494898758016572, 0.14985215722969392, 0.20063832796337763, 0.1434729033399646, -0.06924235420983012, -0.2709572132585979, 0.04300855120598543, -0.16537423718084648, -0.13970749992195788, -0.006977581095359311, 0.02557795138166445, -0.15500809642963292, -0.1840996985414588, 0.03709680755145666, 0.07519818678861712, 0.12416711724476844, -0.10067184033190332, -0.10813935015140465, -0.1190353626975926, 0.012940667228909528, 0.0406974388184253, 0.07846835924585055, 0.12178607236185088, -0.13300110129412354, -0.23593857389216016, 0.34998051942576, 0.012623644206763767, -0.18668446121964513, 0.11040564478806607, -0.13621353703301128, -0.22918875187226548, 0.14538628362664363, 0.03612928035691744, 0.15107358992099762, -0.1262183938084579, 0.2541706968956377, -0.049993144189257446, 0.03070135629258868, 0.12911250535398722, -0.025433970748719465, 0.1977806454297246, 0.17216805559469434, 0.033349951135744224, 0.11597696737181849, 0.014848961744730065, -0.04286657758738573, -0.500944348915321, -0.13671693220740275, -0.08679821314971621, 0.15971069739813484, -0.1624151304493397, -0.1391057976317115, 0.42478961742869237, 0.06952714929130019, 0.17670804596074471, 0.10694472627464409, 0.13348628635086665, 0.034997128733865374, 0.12092398270601179, 0.06498240419413621, 0.25141640853672004, 0.1887137708651674, 0.037987602079605186, -0.1798086589168212, -0.24626077571883798, 0.18691276979246518]
706.283
A new look at the problem of gauge invariance in quantum field theory
Quantum field theory is assumed to be gauge invariant. However it is well known that when certain quantities are calculated using perturbation theory the results are not gauge invariant. The non-gauge invariant terms have to be removed in order to obtain a physically correct result. In this paper we will examine this problem and determine why a theory that is supposed to be gauge invariant produces non-gauge invariant results.
quant-ph
quantum field theory is assumed to be gauge invariant however it is well known that when certain quantities are calculated using perturbation theory the results are not gauge invariant the nongauge invariant terms have to be removed in order to obtain a physically correct result in this paper we will examine this problem and determine why a theory that is supposed to be gauge invariant produces nongauge invariant results
[['quantum', 'field', 'theory', 'is', 'assumed', 'to', 'be', 'gauge', 'invariant', 'however', 'it', 'is', 'well', 'known', 'that', 'when', 'certain', 'quantities', 'are', 'calculated', 'using', 'perturbation', 'theory', 'the', 'results', 'are', 'not', 'gauge', 'invariant', 'the', 'nongauge', 'invariant', 'terms', 'have', 'to', 'be', 'removed', 'in', 'order', 'to', 'obtain', 'a', 'physically', 'correct', 'result', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'will', 'examine', 'this', 'problem', 'and', 'determine', 'why', 'a', 'theory', 'that', 'is', 'supposed', 'to', 'be', 'gauge', 'invariant', 'produces', 'nongauge', 'invariant', 'results']]
[-0.12690589257745424, 0.21772177429680806, -0.15267071921540343, 0.1655184228759448, -0.09862861663535022, -0.13624471370670674, -0.07458302209936622, 0.3598949673275153, -0.24121788833830235, -0.30139732871042646, 0.08938975122325338, -0.21608885059106178, -0.20616962342604023, 0.12951809275841367, -0.11569231428691874, 0.044589904089714735, 0.014411504279174234, 0.10614464348317057, -0.08469201967903021, -0.28505790994192165, 0.32729067250519345, 0.032651586746594505, 0.24410177045164333, 0.08577554826152281, 0.07472769805041236, -0.037919140535582235, -0.028765989143563354, 0.053344941961214594, -0.13251285102202362, 0.06116975610738323, 0.2868025284766665, 0.05717706199789393, 0.15286416047509166, -0.3603426375952752, -0.20067957157026167, 0.09283893571093517, 0.13459293819639995, 0.17292619569807488, -0.0061788296704922896, -0.29204490824022156, 0.17992431322193664, -0.14193287891322287, -0.17036591339147772, -0.17981312024420587, -0.02933875198536755, -0.09269785092286495, -0.2954956834150505, 0.04925203351708858, 0.024297925267382052, 0.019901272523608328, -0.040212055978675686, -0.02006552250974852, -0.008949054367975265, 0.09597645983297337, 0.14353657056631494, 0.13147713240586978, 0.14663595801381313, -0.10737693546326373, -0.09138687619048616, 0.455890955052514, -0.08044081128816512, -0.31643745961828507, 0.14653915979400062, -0.11615383151270774, -0.1859530989161652, 0.09742717050771782, 0.09043260653624716, 0.12963749855027898, -0.19949311462498398, 0.14847216331923002, -0.1021006952809251, 0.14127422913409554, 0.04336712730751521, 0.06831910824268192, 0.20038415143347305, -0.0023476496217367444, 0.06836980586345105, 0.10133363243253173, 0.050051876296545714, -0.13229173705980612, -0.3654035821934973, -0.11762292591342027, -0.17603033483433334, 0.09845232382856235, 0.009908774402203457, -0.16367116542128118, 0.33873215026181674, 0.19004791343341704, 0.19030300399901826, 0.06666760379111097, 0.2411987223001062, 0.22134912655135427, 0.09029985197644302, 0.03202944288057261, 0.2650497333160129, 0.17978104077063609, 0.016159018015731937, -0.14976167841477023, -0.00039613168632638627, 0.11321827372455079]
706.2831
Vacuum Energy as Spectral Geometry
Quantum vacuum energy (Casimir energy) is reviewed for a mathematical audience as a topic in spectral theory. Then some one-dimensional systems are solved exactly, in terms of closed classical paths and periodic orbits. The relations among local spectral densities, energy densities, global eigenvalue densities, and total energies are demonstrated. This material provides background and motivation for the treatment of higher-dimensional systems (self-adjoint second-order partial differential operators) by semiclassical approximation and other methods.
math-ph math.DG math.MP
quantum vacuum energy casimir energy is reviewed for a mathematical audience as a topic in spectral theory then some onedimensional systems are solved exactly in terms of closed classical paths and periodic orbits the relations among local spectral densities energy densities global eigenvalue densities and total energies are demonstrated this material provides background and motivation for the treatment of higherdimensional systems selfadjoint secondorder partial differential operators by semiclassical approximation and other methods
[['quantum', 'vacuum', 'energy', 'casimir', 'energy', 'is', 'reviewed', 'for', 'a', 'mathematical', 'audience', 'as', 'a', 'topic', 'in', 'spectral', 'theory', 'then', 'some', 'onedimensional', 'systems', 'are', 'solved', 'exactly', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'closed', 'classical', 'paths', 'and', 'periodic', 'orbits', 'the', 'relations', 'among', 'local', 'spectral', 'densities', 'energy', 'densities', 'global', 'eigenvalue', 'densities', 'and', 'total', 'energies', 'are', 'demonstrated', 'this', 'material', 'provides', 'background', 'and', 'motivation', 'for', 'the', 'treatment', 'of', 'higherdimensional', 'systems', 'selfadjoint', 'secondorder', 'partial', 'differential', 'operators', 'by', 'semiclassical', 'approximation', 'and', 'other', 'methods']]
[-0.12937513474349138, 0.12671236005715197, -0.06162844329891312, 0.15145717843875495, -0.043051044783270404, -0.1292936670102386, -0.016076361367595382, 0.34873738148922306, -0.233734121643162, -0.27973155319018084, 0.04819328793382738, -0.2996485658028784, -0.10638083012438276, 0.1878555601514462, -0.03058546177473747, 0.12703825537917307, 0.06274128954909328, 0.058856302725164115, -0.10750371530432151, -0.1900849856643213, 0.34399602989863826, 0.02759577911314813, 0.23311902210116386, 0.0782612304448978, 0.06846711370680067, 0.01020022915973742, -0.02106646519516491, 0.04203214182052761, -0.1532847692206916, 0.14041383017320186, 0.3320945531660173, 0.05579502190489115, 0.25111703276504865, -0.4396739246375445, -0.2577931484944808, 0.08727096828321616, 0.09269025623022269, 0.11361060015365688, -0.0292097570911412, -0.27120251235707354, 0.01746301570933105, -0.1563374068807914, -0.1833113145872226, -0.0991883627365395, 0.03568789335743835, 0.05137144356396877, -0.21723814220685098, 0.130443139512661, 0.0620013145574679, 0.06132062555439512, -0.09897209546114835, -0.14647452062409785, -0.028411663913478453, 0.056995604542963624, 0.013905092203963755, -0.06992638369330154, 0.11105512217101124, -0.10134692965786801, -0.1148671225269532, 0.3868011940891544, -0.032064762807244226, -0.2231047073566717, 0.15525593758664197, -0.11658757166393723, -0.088872344000265, 0.14296066217745343, 0.12217832335995303, 0.14463657922007972, -0.22597716955675018, 0.17574495659533163, 0.0206539983369617, 0.10218273052426714, 0.08153688973591973, 0.08853135431288844, 0.2116667237650189, 0.06920052693587625, 0.1044971720677697, 0.07056459441810148, 0.00750231427809922, -0.17507328822587928, -0.3222223615480794, -0.13276757314128595, -0.16662965180714512, 0.06434434759689288, -0.0703021417118887, -0.17695528101952127, 0.39387857880339855, 0.06442182843764183, 0.14813072788011697, 0.05099315229906804, 0.2931237006495293, 0.2137416496779123, -0.015781309876021825, 0.06810787000641641, 0.19001733911257665, 0.21725574616963664, 0.11192724992482302, -0.20456625901473066, -0.05662161893107825, 0.16326469217892736]
706.2832
Search for Third Generation Vector Leptoquarks in p anti-p Collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV
We describe a search for a third generation vector leptoquark (VLQ3) that decays to a b quark and tau lepton using the CDF II detector and 322 pb^(-1) of integrated luminosity from the Fermilab Tevatron. Vector leptoquarks have been proposed in many extensions of the standard model (SM). Observing a number of events in agreement with SM expectations, assuming Yang-Mills (minimal) couplings, we obtain the most stringent upper limit on the VLQ3 pair production cross section of 344 fb (493 fb) and lower limit on the VLQ3 mass of 317 GeV/c^2 (251 GeV/c^2) at 95% C.L.
hep-ex
we describe a search for a third generation vector leptoquark vlq3 that decays to a b quark and tau lepton using the cdf ii detector and 322 pb1 of integrated luminosity from the fermilab tevatron vector leptoquarks have been proposed in many extensions of the standard model sm observing a number of events in agreement with sm expectations assuming yangmills minimal couplings we obtain the most stringent upper limit on the vlq3 pair production cross section of 344 fb 493 fb and lower limit on the vlq3 mass of 317 gevc2 251 gevc2 at 95 cl
[['we', 'describe', 'a', 'search', 'for', 'a', 'third', 'generation', 'vector', 'leptoquark', 'vlq3', 'that', 'decays', 'to', 'a', 'b', 'quark', 'and', 'tau', 'lepton', 'using', 'the', 'cdf', 'ii', 'detector', 'and', '322', 'pb1', 'of', 'integrated', 'luminosity', 'from', 'the', 'fermilab', 'tevatron', 'vector', 'leptoquarks', 'have', 'been', 'proposed', 'in', 'many', 'extensions', 'of', 'the', 'standard', 'model', 'sm', 'observing', 'a', 'number', 'of', 'events', 'in', 'agreement', 'with', 'sm', 'expectations', 'assuming', 'yangmills', 'minimal', 'couplings', 'we', 'obtain', 'the', 'most', 'stringent', 'upper', 'limit', 'on', 'the', 'vlq3', 'pair', 'production', 'cross', 'section', 'of', '344', 'fb', '493', 'fb', 'and', 'lower', 'limit', 'on', 'the', 'vlq3', 'mass', 'of', '317', 'gevc2', '251', 'gevc2', 'at', '95', 'cl']]
[-0.04694041104085045, 0.20180981570350318, 0.0013216506013122853, 0.14624006608695103, -0.04049791957125611, -0.12833315725341285, 0.10867395838552814, 0.2713819115839821, -0.08799288505421525, -0.3420661270696049, -0.014405075938460262, -0.37981819702933234, 0.0870203280307275, 0.16348163598013343, 0.08768353698542342, 0.12594899537240659, 0.09826675389679924, 0.026930457977869082, -0.05613865811149784, -0.2720370223590483, 0.16907934949267656, 0.029647218121681362, 0.2395651869737776, 0.09064112633738357, 0.09116713677212829, 0.008989727619336918, -0.03990749859258358, -0.1361618250327107, -0.1201293435082486, 0.09640028383000754, 0.1988819340470703, 0.11932605114755764, 0.07567997469838399, -0.29238443260934827, -0.028690556158835534, 0.1707224397578102, 0.11517694955788708, -7.260948526284967e-05, -0.06612868071776272, -0.3414903710557458, 0.15639197984031247, -0.2544115312678817, -0.04501857632324876, 0.045236352734112494, 0.04145807484868177, -0.10683814456084899, -0.3704569138935767, 0.10374534103902988, -0.047979576096016295, 0.09668502870257119, -0.007963336543374075, -0.2659442148093755, -0.09495129163163558, -0.09883455992773331, 0.07376941644542967, 0.08611060592496263, 0.16343900801863734, -0.1427718496900828, -0.22037333141997806, 0.33525344958373654, -0.17148406886068793, -0.14296779482780644, 0.16847292362945154, -0.21035461622523144, -0.14821115369917, 0.13698479521553963, 0.2910362116502559, 0.031646817580622155, -0.26524651093253243, 0.19786166754602164, -0.0697402414904597, 0.20100529896687172, 0.11155772001317625, 0.042997671426367866, 0.22879592488364628, 0.23107621514160806, 0.025235906022013904, -0.005424440518254414, -0.1727117712822898, -0.05413880179306337, -0.4700903523529026, -0.12112088708090596, -0.038800887450634036, 0.07896815714775585, -0.06462204835603795, -0.05102353767142631, 0.34999296778793604, 0.14051413912238786, 0.30527690651554923, 0.07157925701176282, 0.22349265679561844, 0.12152131135614279, 0.08066907498929747, 0.06655124259608176, 0.3659350855159573, 0.19782448293214352, 0.1290006187725036, -0.14160388997940268, -0.023911729775136337, 0.05875056572646523]
706.2833
Bose-Einstein Condensation in the Relativistic Ideal Bose Gas
The Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) critical temperature in a relativistic ideal Bose gas of identical bosons, with and without the antibosons expected to be pair-produced abundantly at sufficiently hot temperatures, is exactly calculated for all boson number-densities, all boson point rest masses, and all temperatures. The Helmholtz free energy at the critical BEC temperature is found to be lower, thus implying that the omission of antibosons always leads to the computation of a metastable state.
cond-mat.supr-con
the boseeinstein condensation bec critical temperature in a relativistic ideal bose gas of identical bosons with and without the antibosons expected to be pairproduced abundantly at sufficiently hot temperatures is exactly calculated for all boson numberdensities all boson point rest masses and all temperatures the helmholtz free energy at the critical bec temperature is found to be lower thus implying that the omission of antibosons always leads to the computation of a metastable state
[['the', 'boseeinstein', 'condensation', 'bec', 'critical', 'temperature', 'in', 'a', 'relativistic', 'ideal', 'bose', 'gas', 'of', 'identical', 'bosons', 'with', 'and', 'without', 'the', 'antibosons', 'expected', 'to', 'be', 'pairproduced', 'abundantly', 'at', 'sufficiently', 'hot', 'temperatures', 'is', 'exactly', 'calculated', 'for', 'all', 'boson', 'numberdensities', 'all', 'boson', 'point', 'rest', 'masses', 'and', 'all', 'temperatures', 'the', 'helmholtz', 'free', 'energy', 'at', 'the', 'critical', 'bec', 'temperature', 'is', 'found', 'to', 'be', 'lower', 'thus', 'implying', 'that', 'the', 'omission', 'of', 'antibosons', 'always', 'leads', 'to', 'the', 'computation', 'of', 'a', 'metastable', 'state']]
[-0.1053675882513572, 0.34039222844247075, -0.05827950676148002, 0.09179810999351479, 0.020203144837019814, -0.20573991412498258, 0.06320263400856355, 0.3031657701546981, -0.18129288673249855, -0.2493943622889551, 0.018101713599674905, -0.29408820113167167, 0.08958232873496977, 0.1499436607118696, 0.09742071500364251, 0.04909942693681129, 0.020198839804711374, 0.09125223249115201, -0.07796403824515338, -0.28513717445280606, 0.32137261138524154, 0.05891582491883152, 0.2463740179365551, 0.1121479053289403, 0.059992508534845466, -0.052841964854254714, 0.13198962062597275, -0.027440068966432196, -0.14484209480832685, -0.03639880465847012, 0.25911419979623845, -0.024274745043618855, 0.1959257281662242, -0.34962037210730285, -0.18329236236073682, 0.1790621293884878, 0.1787245586338277, 0.17896869003370003, -0.055564783719632575, -0.24699539319939307, 0.052363087869928895, -0.1794144286415414, -0.19296121067443006, -0.05085261806065368, 0.002163482439779752, -0.03666485656631758, -0.26715352203118037, 0.12775910240472169, 0.017518718742664804, 0.050388966410143954, -0.09762539335753063, -0.13772300843501817, -0.09786986209754203, 0.002154524847109978, 0.01702938276670269, 0.07252645765028491, 0.1783273444586509, -0.17846079827663866, -0.01372989486097484, 0.43388018714314375, -0.10455985910989143, -0.08978736503804857, 0.24412155294093946, -0.18819250308631644, -0.04702090354938362, 0.2645216374280485, 0.10003242233840472, 0.03666745388024562, -0.18071212594372196, 0.05750811302474373, -0.02970639251273226, 0.15111293423349806, 0.10128895657741137, 0.06586197324449548, 0.3526299548008152, 0.11959978250937688, 0.0048503226827125295, 0.1272156094043591, -0.0477595840882812, -0.12706417953784302, -0.2831617931747255, -0.17814028767768192, -0.19914095209930344, 0.042878462681295096, -0.05736368174650518, -0.13784975556002274, 0.28733347318563107, 0.1553601599738908, 0.21759707344746268, 0.03434686546490805, 0.29434206880427694, 0.16182252855317011, 0.0626432275638689, 0.15091211410283387, 0.2704844682578098, 0.1358352011459804, 0.09358109771022322, -0.2475520094378373, -0.047898319021270085, 0.08139345876721514]
706.2834
Signatures of the transition from galactic to extragalactic cosmic rays
We discuss the signatures of the transition from galactic to extragalactic cosmic rays in different scenarios, giving most attention to the dip scenario. The dip is a feature in the diffuse spectrum of ultra-high energy (UHE) protons in the energy range $1\times 10^{18} - 4\times 10^{19}$ eV, which is caused by electron-positron pair production on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. The dip scenario provides a simple physical description of the transition from galactic to extragalactic cosmic rays. Here we summarize the signatures of the pair production dip model for the transition, most notably the spectrum, the anisotropy and the chemical composition. The main focus of our work is however on the description of the features that arise in the elongation rate and in the distribution of the depths of shower maximum $X_{\rm max}$ in the dip scenario. We find that the curve for $X_{\max}(E)$ shows a sharp increase with energy, which reflects a sharp transition from an iron dominated flux at low energies to a proton dominated flux at $E\sim 10^{18}$ eV. We also discuss in detail the shape of the $X_{\max}$ distributions for cosmic rays of given energy and demonstrate that this represents a powerful tool to discriminate between the dip scenario and other possible models of the transition.
astro-ph
we discuss the signatures of the transition from galactic to extragalactic cosmic rays in different scenarios giving most attention to the dip scenario the dip is a feature in the diffuse spectrum of ultrahigh energy uhe protons in the energy range 1times 1018 4times 1019 ev which is caused by electronpositron pair production on the cosmic microwave background cmb radiation the dip scenario provides a simple physical description of the transition from galactic to extragalactic cosmic rays here we summarize the signatures of the pair production dip model for the transition most notably the spectrum the anisotropy and the chemical composition the main focus of our work is however on the description of the features that arise in the elongation rate and in the distribution of the depths of shower maximum x_rm max in the dip scenario we find that the curve for x_maxe shows a sharp increase with energy which reflects a sharp transition from an iron dominated flux at low energies to a proton dominated flux at esim 1018 ev we also discuss in detail the shape of the x_max distributions for cosmic rays of given energy and demonstrate that this represents a powerful tool to discriminate between the dip scenario and other possible models of the transition
[['we', 'discuss', 'the', 'signatures', 'of', 'the', 'transition', 'from', 'galactic', 'to', 'extragalactic', 'cosmic', 'rays', 'in', 'different', 'scenarios', 'giving', 'most', 'attention', 'to', 'the', 'dip', 'scenario', 'the', 'dip', 'is', 'a', 'feature', 'in', 'the', 'diffuse', 'spectrum', 'of', 'ultrahigh', 'energy', 'uhe', 'protons', 'in', 'the', 'energy', 'range', '1times', '1018', '4times', '1019', 'ev', 'which', 'is', 'caused', 'by', 'electronpositron', 'pair', 'production', 'on', 'the', 'cosmic', 'microwave', 'background', 'cmb', 'radiation', 'the', 'dip', 'scenario', 'provides', 'a', 'simple', 'physical', 'description', 'of', 'the', 'transition', 'from', 'galactic', 'to', 'extragalactic', 'cosmic', 'rays', 'here', 'we', 'summarize', 'the', 'signatures', 'of', 'the', 'pair', 'production', 'dip', 'model', 'for', 'the', 'transition', 'most', 'notably', 'the', 'spectrum', 'the', 'anisotropy', 'and', 'the', 'chemical', 'composition', 'the', 'main', 'focus', 'of', 'our', 'work', 'is', 'however', 'on', 'the', 'description', 'of', 'the', 'features', 'that', 'arise', 'in', 'the', 'elongation', 'rate', 'and', 'in', 'the', 'distribution', 'of', 'the', 'depths', 'of', 'shower', 'maximum', 'x_rm', 'max', 'in', 'the', 'dip', 'scenario', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'the', 'curve', 'for', 'x_maxe', 'shows', 'a', 'sharp', 'increase', 'with', 'energy', 'which', 'reflects', 'a', 'sharp', 'transition', 'from', 'an', 'iron', 'dominated', 'flux', 'at', 'low', 'energies', 'to', 'a', 'proton', 'dominated', 'flux', 'at', 'esim', '1018', 'ev', 'we', 'also', 'discuss', 'in', 'detail', 'the', 'shape', 'of', 'the', 'x_max', 'distributions', 'for', 'cosmic', 'rays', 'of', 'given', 'energy', 'and', 'demonstrate', 'that', 'this', 'represents', 'a', 'powerful', 'tool', 'to', 'discriminate', 'between', 'the', 'dip', 'scenario', 'and', 'other', 'possible', 'models', 'of', 'the', 'transition']]
[-0.08252223327401138, 0.185539407618524, -0.049684051191434264, 0.1191387677820222, -0.015085387623514093, -0.030012009905684475, 0.017378983815156276, 0.36833337848739967, -0.2444593114729893, -0.35198061925226026, -0.029787804704669508, -0.34855925750868794, -0.03461894796096853, 0.20425650685737354, 0.03725892376332056, -0.04336038073413961, 0.01984922837887314, 0.0067424845587950024, -0.030485953692446596, -0.15023336639139978, 0.3089105178144694, 0.17875596180203415, 0.2775592185845155, 0.13281776487738603, 0.08105811574607201, -0.06083859232520419, -0.008556593630263315, -0.0706111149507619, -0.13056400614576497, 0.08515370769559273, 0.2205572957025565, 0.11509271867883702, 0.12692553508095444, -0.38199274952390366, -0.2466098858664433, 0.15215987498827632, 0.12044953477424791, 0.058493076437818155, -0.06855933774384626, -0.23580210215988615, 0.052336852048479376, -0.14985265145050583, -0.13726909762425793, 0.06097047706578104, -0.018427291233092547, -0.00468462333803819, -0.23802901521169892, 0.11774340144544286, 0.045464237932381885, 0.022578714028488666, -0.08508819941475633, -0.09811687545207817, -0.015238850691267068, 0.04113927787347209, 0.07587884481652596, 0.07097613701840774, 0.16463325324778755, -0.15029759796369555, -0.0735729069227264, 0.4058252379741697, -0.0995740268645542, -0.022729689900630286, 0.15237140087410808, -0.20519809853729037, -0.157842244753348, 0.19424850031777863, 0.15890265878766685, 0.07598971057810731, -0.13395815200083666, 0.06041590330160467, 0.04579008869782445, 0.14744026725668283, 0.0588101862331054, 0.03687819314322301, 0.2784851816172401, 0.17609596199888203, 0.05675094590211908, 0.10188684436919478, -0.19526992033324425, -0.016030814860381985, -0.31690977942642, -0.10516770961472675, -0.15958680206288894, 0.06858369403829177, -0.10724250575100693, -0.14375054056179665, 0.4294121829925903, 0.1472450378761139, 0.27711528382663214, -0.012629842947769377, 0.29386093011347664, 0.10997895217289971, -0.0013008608660172848, 0.0729759593782503, 0.3191318709891112, 0.12323563656924913, 0.11792889308472652, -0.21381282691422496, 0.058491249653022916, -0.00767939104033368]
706.2835
Comments on Extraction of Work from a Single Thermal Bath in the Quantum Regime
In a PRL [1], the authors claim to show that "the Clausius inequality can be violated, and that it is even possible to extract work from a thermal bath by cyclic variations of a parameter ("perpetuum mobile"), and that the physical cause for this behavior is traced back to quantum coherence in the presence of the nonequilibrium bath (sic)".
quant-ph
in a prl 1 the authors claim to show that the clausius inequality can be violated and that it is even possible to extract work from a thermal bath by cyclic variations of a parameter perpetuum mobile and that the physical cause for this behavior is traced back to quantum coherence in the presence of the nonequilibrium bath sic
[['in', 'a', 'prl', '1', 'the', 'authors', 'claim', 'to', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'clausius', 'inequality', 'can', 'be', 'violated', 'and', 'that', 'it', 'is', 'even', 'possible', 'to', 'extract', 'work', 'from', 'a', 'thermal', 'bath', 'by', 'cyclic', 'variations', 'of', 'a', 'parameter', 'perpetuum', 'mobile', 'and', 'that', 'the', 'physical', 'cause', 'for', 'this', 'behavior', 'is', 'traced', 'back', 'to', 'quantum', 'coherence', 'in', 'the', 'presence', 'of', 'the', 'nonequilibrium', 'bath', 'sic']]
[-0.10595104195398547, 0.1664626589834185, -0.12417527875405247, 0.03592061426024884, -0.03178074420824394, -0.1678792052996992, 0.0897974124201968, 0.2970901727992094, -0.28393864599293317, -0.28255912551845785, 0.06280748720154546, -0.28582433077617214, -0.14684025017481486, 0.17672601553721953, -0.1009621854824156, -0.007369338708408809, 0.021100560234764875, 0.012851647511756017, -0.018461549517469703, -0.23971992039705736, 0.27735175015562674, 0.05948655480732036, 0.25716612147072615, 0.12869326127061653, 0.05709933087040307, -0.04884383308906424, 0.05884502054649895, 0.05434246861644215, -0.08868069753977686, 0.06315994537356547, 0.25059264814638993, 0.08159868971649874, 0.254179801870832, -0.4244959768602404, -0.26008384801068546, 0.10483541748470675, 0.09984684920617205, 0.14000532855042966, 0.005217867098369841, -0.29407042062691396, 0.0713089761340012, -0.17229040513225533, -0.1413209936581552, -0.058784218078826445, 0.05170263877233206, -0.06027005862649846, -0.24403168592538874, 0.13116629592190354, 0.11990450827752129, -0.005486606857029058, -0.007413909407490391, -0.011845869872466488, 0.0016328278234449484, 0.11792898065236918, 0.06260887660496568, 0.02046698918250405, 0.1871027895959757, -0.07672565437900691, -0.08945885575297526, 0.37801281268061215, -0.07004888385723708, -0.1743477685534853, 0.17203032722601952, -0.11893802648410201, -0.12705336713974, 0.06764685184994744, 0.0965949993933772, 0.0863193126762349, -0.19676305093556856, 0.05554572159179755, -0.03487963071566517, 0.18445959371925033, 0.09348944418321727, 0.061143394441233345, 0.20379379682116588, 0.07179960262788049, 0.05023409621553274, 0.17249757463262433, -0.0485093552398227, -0.12976736708058803, -0.2977481834369443, -0.21944589699792155, -0.2686529561435267, 0.1484532793510263, -0.041326970848061494, -0.09454786041909355, 0.34944577988679126, 0.22573232684694863, 0.16656008223860952, -0.001666866294187257, 0.25466471286964115, 0.10947509831354274, 0.07768124012055538, 0.07685720281265045, 0.27291206933431705, 0.13983966038025664, 0.12821038081547467, -0.28504531577592557, 0.09587013227391546, 0.005408043294387348]
706.2836
Light from the Hidden Sector
Optical precision experiments are a powerful tool to explore hidden sectors of a variety of standard-model extensions with potentially tiny couplings to photons. An important example is given by extensions involving an extra light U(1) gauge degree of freedom, so-called paraphotons, with gauge-kinetic mixing with the normal photon. These models naturally give rise to minicharged particles which can be searched for with optical experiments. In this paper, we study the effects of paraphotons in such experiments. We describe in detail the role of a magnetic field for photon-paraphoton oscillations in models with low-mass minicharged particles. In particular, we find that the upcoming light-shining-through-walls experiments are sensitive to paraphotons and can distinguish them from axion-like particles.
hep-ph hep-th
optical precision experiments are a powerful tool to explore hidden sectors of a variety of standardmodel extensions with potentially tiny couplings to photons an important example is given by extensions involving an extra light u1 gauge degree of freedom socalled paraphotons with gaugekinetic mixing with the normal photon these models naturally give rise to minicharged particles which can be searched for with optical experiments in this paper we study the effects of paraphotons in such experiments we describe in detail the role of a magnetic field for photonparaphoton oscillations in models with lowmass minicharged particles in particular we find that the upcoming lightshiningthroughwalls experiments are sensitive to paraphotons and can distinguish them from axionlike particles
[['optical', 'precision', 'experiments', 'are', 'a', 'powerful', 'tool', 'to', 'explore', 'hidden', 'sectors', 'of', 'a', 'variety', 'of', 'standardmodel', 'extensions', 'with', 'potentially', 'tiny', 'couplings', 'to', 'photons', 'an', 'important', 'example', 'is', 'given', 'by', 'extensions', 'involving', 'an', 'extra', 'light', 'u1', 'gauge', 'degree', 'of', 'freedom', 'socalled', 'paraphotons', 'with', 'gaugekinetic', 'mixing', 'with', 'the', 'normal', 'photon', 'these', 'models', 'naturally', 'give', 'rise', 'to', 'minicharged', 'particles', 'which', 'can', 'be', 'searched', 'for', 'with', 'optical', 'experiments', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'study', 'the', 'effects', 'of', 'paraphotons', 'in', 'such', 'experiments', 'we', 'describe', 'in', 'detail', 'the', 'role', 'of', 'a', 'magnetic', 'field', 'for', 'photonparaphoton', 'oscillations', 'in', 'models', 'with', 'lowmass', 'minicharged', 'particles', 'in', 'particular', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'the', 'upcoming', 'lightshiningthroughwalls', 'experiments', 'are', 'sensitive', 'to', 'paraphotons', 'and', 'can', 'distinguish', 'them', 'from', 'axionlike', 'particles']]
[-0.10518072863392856, 0.28501667607317516, -0.04422502101439497, 0.11258918916725594, -0.0927033236331266, -0.15734456218374165, -0.014275459539266708, 0.3531042665425364, -0.22091324141492014, -0.3634774048043334, 0.03597052723634988, -0.2898415338936383, -0.11743729524314403, 0.1982009510813362, 0.011440205788644759, 0.008291212630296207, 0.03921509564894697, 0.006581260409692059, -0.011803632016982073, -0.21353447477778661, 0.27406205799349626, 0.051176316187838494, 0.1814276921502112, 0.06678157972536333, 0.09597798179349173, -0.00771211665528624, -0.019939437346613926, -0.022095948805951553, -0.10536132390128762, 0.10377067482989767, 0.22414519135092395, 0.06879477526020744, 0.15063144905573647, -0.4322619527416385, -0.21386621946711903, 0.20444993976422626, 0.16135231818922835, 0.12053854835887803, -0.1190406690331419, -0.32190912174789804, 0.021291892886485742, -0.16301336076183995, -0.15229709332748115, -0.13323258921989928, -0.04326942069152289, 0.0016299530114654614, -0.317777532816905, 0.045058791232092874, -0.018884207640329134, 0.03483033023126747, 0.012278632616178821, -0.06123630355375455, 0.014359008049106468, 0.0348314928336312, 0.11907808517267847, -0.007610326440518965, 0.1268369222998761, -0.19556264692876973, -0.1743193529829707, 0.40901300876360874, -0.13563491626156737, -0.19463617859975152, 0.21471442487900672, -0.13194225065501244, -0.1573268098068302, 0.08827940933406353, 0.22454985389890877, 0.09204062254613508, -0.1489243248032163, 0.09101655994410343, -0.06631442133499228, 0.15866960783934464, 0.018749805602609464, 0.10367244412089982, 0.3105240335526026, 0.1617931000949086, 0.006459494848209231, 0.14204868672557336, -0.08912226558364321, -0.0618711388953354, -0.3333115284209666, -0.16981813525376113, -0.0605113387229326, 0.05017487114376348, -0.07382309336769496, -0.09302266635324644, 0.38331512309934784, 0.17561453164494395, 0.2036914640146753, -0.031886163988636564, 0.2645147651190991, 0.061238041491774114, 0.10184228344132071, 0.0011469482444226742, 0.2938025924822559, 0.13637852937833447, 0.04687351507499166, -0.17262977919055392, -0.023095834822110507, 0.00458742342889309]
706.2837
Improved detection of atmospheric turbulence with SLODAR
We discuss several improvements in the detection of atmospheric turbulence using SLOpe Detection And Ranging (SLODAR). Frequently, SLODAR observations have shown strong ground-layer turbulence, which is beneficial to adaptive optics. We show that current methods which neglect atmospheric propagation effects can underestimate the strength of high altitude turbulence by up to ~ 30%. We show that mirror and dome seeing turbulence can be a significant fraction of measured ground-layer turbulence, some cases up to ~ 50%. We also demonstrate a novel technique to improve the nominal height resolution, by a factor of 3, called Generalized SLODAR. This can be applied when sampling high-altitude turbulence, where the nominal height resolution is the poorest, or for resolving details in the important ground-layer.
astro-ph
we discuss several improvements in the detection of atmospheric turbulence using slope detection and ranging slodar frequently slodar observations have shown strong groundlayer turbulence which is beneficial to adaptive optics we show that current methods which neglect atmospheric propagation effects can underestimate the strength of high altitude turbulence by up to 30 we show that mirror and dome seeing turbulence can be a significant fraction of measured groundlayer turbulence some cases up to 50 we also demonstrate a novel technique to improve the nominal height resolution by a factor of 3 called generalized slodar this can be applied when sampling highaltitude turbulence where the nominal height resolution is the poorest or for resolving details in the important groundlayer
[['we', 'discuss', 'several', 'improvements', 'in', 'the', 'detection', 'of', 'atmospheric', 'turbulence', 'using', 'slope', 'detection', 'and', 'ranging', 'slodar', 'frequently', 'slodar', 'observations', 'have', 'shown', 'strong', 'groundlayer', 'turbulence', 'which', 'is', 'beneficial', 'to', 'adaptive', 'optics', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'current', 'methods', 'which', 'neglect', 'atmospheric', 'propagation', 'effects', 'can', 'underestimate', 'the', 'strength', 'of', 'high', 'altitude', 'turbulence', 'by', 'up', 'to', '30', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'mirror', 'and', 'dome', 'seeing', 'turbulence', 'can', 'be', 'a', 'significant', 'fraction', 'of', 'measured', 'groundlayer', 'turbulence', 'some', 'cases', 'up', 'to', '50', 'we', 'also', 'demonstrate', 'a', 'novel', 'technique', 'to', 'improve', 'the', 'nominal', 'height', 'resolution', 'by', 'a', 'factor', 'of', '3', 'called', 'generalized', 'slodar', 'this', 'can', 'be', 'applied', 'when', 'sampling', 'highaltitude', 'turbulence', 'where', 'the', 'nominal', 'height', 'resolution', 'is', 'the', 'poorest', 'or', 'for', 'resolving', 'details', 'in', 'the', 'important', 'groundlayer']]
[-0.07246124925253661, 0.1618558935173866, -0.06143506518880821, 0.09875663198329414, -0.04671281682903547, -0.1143720486784409, -0.015415907253400755, 0.37846941128767775, -0.28755187984729597, -0.3739227011989234, 0.11994866779176676, -0.21025900752678262, -0.11285049486629097, 0.24711123023426823, -0.10570822561443863, 0.054089928610187216, 0.08323711949258537, -0.06631273635015902, -0.040484016188972835, -0.22676400802990074, 0.25891045819557573, 0.1685388016078416, 0.26030176051623993, 0.07325999041372058, 0.10454188617956588, -0.07738861228513011, -0.036448893666077974, 0.06040303577912586, -0.15295981614758217, 0.03034692398919645, 0.23981896587213405, 0.09427280403018566, 0.2786252312835748, -0.37937322056899636, -0.2736489208478291, 0.04067881113328671, 0.15799570079671882, 0.060696421954701894, -0.029206826955364164, -0.26355871240119055, 0.09745404559140236, -0.17151306633703348, -0.12289162029480656, -0.03786180711398691, -0.036153021428371006, 0.034541314489207116, -0.30746522840996415, 0.04264423715900748, 0.025288053326529718, 0.11918565291532521, -0.022594985260107253, -0.12317510921571215, 0.017103128869212784, 0.0934348653686742, 0.0006605757329360408, 0.041989994091297486, 0.14209078524214358, -0.16735293717573443, -0.04193686842286991, 0.3696421792225565, -0.10318855391973156, -0.13219102598347907, 0.19304352880739686, -0.18658011548800227, -0.11046180122737158, 0.19389083448765895, 0.19127026196348212, 0.026770920737378173, -0.07307244885687704, -0.0005815801204782043, -0.025472339929349847, 0.22259328883709545, 0.10425247715280975, -0.0004808600218493049, 0.18992496168209336, 0.16413054816223585, 0.08250756603685382, 0.07892549447656089, -0.25190169818036384, -0.015425520990501648, -0.2235955409833893, -0.1269181380995502, -0.0927564081680661, 0.04100498661075293, -0.082264773271163, -0.0990388159044738, 0.34391802037529395, 0.2595200379402771, 0.13884451894989333, 0.004470217931557888, 0.31998198318405674, 0.11978959913614158, 0.09040392595895771, 0.08830583504385363, 0.30360093060214965, 0.10847236185681895, 0.09263683527893529, -0.2100383050944972, 0.058806141076798914, -0.013030211691807765]
706.2838
Water-like hierarchy of anomalies in a continuous spherical shouldered potential
We investigate by molecular dynamics simulations a continuous isotropic core-softened potential with attractive well in three dimensions, introduced by Franzese [cond-mat/0703681, to appear on Journal of Molecular Liquids], that displays liquid-liquid coexistence with a critical point and water-like density anomaly. Here we find diffusion and structural anomalies. These anomalies occur with the same hierarchy that characterizes water. Yet our analysis shows differences with respect to the water case. Therefore, many of the anomalous features of water could be present in isotropic systems with soft-core attractive potentials, such as colloids or liquid metals, consistent with recent experiments showing polyamorphism in metallic glasses.
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.soft
we investigate by molecular dynamics simulations a continuous isotropic coresoftened potential with attractive well in three dimensions introduced by franzese condmat0703681 to appear on journal of molecular liquids that displays liquidliquid coexistence with a critical point and waterlike density anomaly here we find diffusion and structural anomalies these anomalies occur with the same hierarchy that characterizes water yet our analysis shows differences with respect to the water case therefore many of the anomalous features of water could be present in isotropic systems with softcore attractive potentials such as colloids or liquid metals consistent with recent experiments showing polyamorphism in metallic glasses
[['we', 'investigate', 'by', 'molecular', 'dynamics', 'simulations', 'a', 'continuous', 'isotropic', 'coresoftened', 'potential', 'with', 'attractive', 'well', 'in', 'three', 'dimensions', 'introduced', 'by', 'franzese', 'condmat0703681', 'to', 'appear', 'on', 'journal', 'of', 'molecular', 'liquids', 'that', 'displays', 'liquidliquid', 'coexistence', 'with', 'a', 'critical', 'point', 'and', 'waterlike', 'density', 'anomaly', 'here', 'we', 'find', 'diffusion', 'and', 'structural', 'anomalies', 'these', 'anomalies', 'occur', 'with', 'the', 'same', 'hierarchy', 'that', 'characterizes', 'water', 'yet', 'our', 'analysis', 'shows', 'differences', 'with', 'respect', 'to', 'the', 'water', 'case', 'therefore', 'many', 'of', 'the', 'anomalous', 'features', 'of', 'water', 'could', 'be', 'present', 'in', 'isotropic', 'systems', 'with', 'softcore', 'attractive', 'potentials', 'such', 'as', 'colloids', 'or', 'liquid', 'metals', 'consistent', 'with', 'recent', 'experiments', 'showing', 'polyamorphism', 'in', 'metallic', 'glasses']]
[-0.13508684486809253, 0.16998139214748986, -0.06845973736331375, 0.033144815371023734, 0.025386299093658426, -0.17581605510503956, 0.019055836991585716, 0.38193654280268785, -0.2164981636039988, -0.28951789133751654, 0.06277730246897636, -0.3310893232360332, -0.2501314836060346, 0.11351614053869112, 0.03110285173875816, 0.06016928744198098, -0.007144871540602786, -0.040710294981383614, -0.08668353762759855, -0.1755519498779316, 0.2875102425483291, 0.012134877268714135, 0.24481057369554735, 0.11672571798165639, 0.06657273735677015, -0.05863191806382001, 0.017411458435364895, 0.0923493499679472, -0.14995532922256818, 0.052644081470189674, 0.27187951120801945, -0.05584558106328577, 0.149076411086652, -0.4463158190400914, -0.3225463510660285, 0.11179656611586158, 0.1222224205713531, 0.1087075722958855, -0.08616141464212566, -0.27186536984847426, 0.009813089815034258, -0.13975069052986613, -0.1879129870559531, -0.12965679697861726, 0.01351176641853244, 0.08813308436168367, -0.18994829150838682, 0.17135691907811873, 0.043036032370479795, 0.11235438704001482, -0.0872959923422472, -0.13030117682435297, -0.004383351924274154, 0.04439747225695449, 0.0669892412290504, -0.005821080723156531, 0.19595032104413318, -0.13622456916015258, -0.10044380703075516, 0.4492585692893375, -0.10562065025001313, -0.14883102562203251, 0.3513970953068988, -0.15764898224028223, -0.1601969488905837, 0.16779537726372404, 0.11278511944574991, 0.014362229015490021, -0.1345677731577495, 0.0245716178626871, -0.04630199869309148, 0.17591095627479567, 0.04859815641645004, -0.0070035440583873275, 0.2792446262184342, 0.22186969590345115, 0.01331496516165013, 0.14300793566331832, -0.07346645151170893, -0.13470721384980763, -0.21442738308975792, -0.18717065259739005, -0.17157955525320662, 0.0034007981450137016, -0.0768632521718209, -0.18968453050374684, 0.3195780972112911, 0.13785307058556515, 0.18278606564295713, 0.007756668070067811, 0.21621984001272593, 0.03755416789308491, 0.05077186775290304, 0.050116026637642974, 0.2543670483958917, 0.07739331987639418, 0.13273022921210287, -0.2376727130677965, 0.06335265208282649, 0.015898773994654267]
706.2839
Cache Analysis of Non-uniform Distribution Sorting Algorithms
We analyse the average-case cache performance of distribution sorting algorithms in the case when keys are independently but not necessarily uniformly distributed. The analysis is for both `in-place' and `out-of-place' distribution sorting algorithms and is more accurate than the analysis presented in \cite{RRESA00}. In particular, this new analysis yields tighter upper and lower bounds when the keys are drawn from a uniform distribution. We use this analysis to tune the performance of the integer sorting algorithm MSB radix sort when it is used to sort independent uniform floating-point numbers (floats). Our tuned MSB radix sort algorithm comfortably outperforms a cache-tuned implementations of bucketsort \cite{RR99} and Quicksort when sorting uniform floats from $[0, 1)$.
cs.DS cs.PF
we analyse the averagecase cache performance of distribution sorting algorithms in the case when keys are independently but not necessarily uniformly distributed the analysis is for both inplace and outofplace distribution sorting algorithms and is more accurate than the analysis presented in citerresa00 in particular this new analysis yields tighter upper and lower bounds when the keys are drawn from a uniform distribution we use this analysis to tune the performance of the integer sorting algorithm msb radix sort when it is used to sort independent uniform floatingpoint numbers floats our tuned msb radix sort algorithm comfortably outperforms a cachetuned implementations of bucketsort citerr99 and quicksort when sorting uniform floats from 0 1
[['we', 'analyse', 'the', 'averagecase', 'cache', 'performance', 'of', 'distribution', 'sorting', 'algorithms', 'in', 'the', 'case', 'when', 'keys', 'are', 'independently', 'but', 'not', 'necessarily', 'uniformly', 'distributed', 'the', 'analysis', 'is', 'for', 'both', 'inplace', 'and', 'outofplace', 'distribution', 'sorting', 'algorithms', 'and', 'is', 'more', 'accurate', 'than', 'the', 'analysis', 'presented', 'in', 'citerresa00', 'in', 'particular', 'this', 'new', 'analysis', 'yields', 'tighter', 'upper', 'and', 'lower', 'bounds', 'when', 'the', 'keys', 'are', 'drawn', 'from', 'a', 'uniform', 'distribution', 'we', 'use', 'this', 'analysis', 'to', 'tune', 'the', 'performance', 'of', 'the', 'integer', 'sorting', 'algorithm', 'msb', 'radix', 'sort', 'when', 'it', 'is', 'used', 'to', 'sort', 'independent', 'uniform', 'floatingpoint', 'numbers', 'floats', 'our', 'tuned', 'msb', 'radix', 'sort', 'algorithm', 'comfortably', 'outperforms', 'a', 'cachetuned', 'implementations', 'of', 'bucketsort', 'citerr99', 'and', 'quicksort', 'when', 'sorting', 'uniform', 'floats', 'from', '0', '1']]
[-0.10145363092973589, 0.09658874290644986, -0.11842548831818847, 0.07935794912958988, -0.07159851429932708, -0.20661241339878478, 0.12524494027223335, 0.4109963050556429, -0.25470047092082304, -0.34111451054068814, 0.109740244695669, -0.24912272673527444, -0.09749908427015767, 0.22256392989000048, -0.09568619502520342, 0.08211334707608464, 0.07626628114149928, 0.008177872994965916, -0.043795382954316946, -0.31686921306637994, 0.19144975509464637, 0.05081977299734984, 0.302606127976756, -0.06803313373169358, 0.016265728220411942, 0.002071777418460868, -0.037239148840094584, -0.0076044920934449645, -0.10009498173507665, 0.07145130665067138, 0.2202493643661568, 0.18569461296256706, 0.246782210535891, -0.4147000632530779, -0.0709249363323554, 0.13963340419353149, 0.20453330312018206, 0.09852207941643962, -0.05133307483295564, -0.22752600645543922, 0.1762488755833255, -0.10065958187103681, -0.040643741692835036, -0.07830075174570084, 0.02873302694610208, 0.0690120304464747, -0.32127713718357576, -0.009281669892883355, 0.11296611309260848, 0.03080214487379118, -0.005168295538035828, -0.20665744565632366, 0.07114427164196968, 0.11422283733968512, 0.007185660027087145, 0.029344910640406226, 0.13046188766153854, -0.06705658854553562, -0.14658577629117245, 0.36579819954931736, -0.018376439517826363, -0.24132121935350084, 0.1260109765566202, -0.07413892424024573, -0.15570612494415098, 0.12111577292511222, 0.17969047695124915, 0.13716479217411454, -0.07341946645932478, 0.056710046478931644, -0.07028700962423458, 0.23470500895941476, 0.10567252209768929, 0.02676184128525607, 0.10491007378478663, 0.17010201341814335, 0.11437369625878717, 0.18238375204350424, -0.06396451865861175, -0.13613174337927902, -0.23572244377242862, -0.1411131024540887, -0.24002958699172244, 0.0005729318567852857, -0.17223531551127227, -0.16971919203600033, 0.317796237390796, 0.1958250731503198, 0.15851535244498813, 0.12886199931861883, 0.3822773307596051, 0.07742927411951364, 0.08299731107753351, 0.17814888485169056, 0.1130939773817914, 0.07569956473596053, 0.09052490816374711, -0.13810605476738527, 0.09896567920137436, 0.06054891492539179]
706.284
A Simple Counterexample to Havil's "Reformulation" of the Riemann Hypothesis
This is an elementary note. It corrects a mistake in the reformulation of the Riemann Hypothesis in J. Havil's book Gamma: Exploring Euler's Constant.
math.NT math.GM math.HO
this is an elementary note it corrects a mistake in the reformulation of the riemann hypothesis in j havils book gamma exploring eulers constant
[['this', 'is', 'an', 'elementary', 'note', 'it', 'corrects', 'a', 'mistake', 'in', 'the', 'reformulation', 'of', 'the', 'riemann', 'hypothesis', 'in', 'j', 'havils', 'book', 'gamma', 'exploring', 'eulers', 'constant']]
[-0.20616195448066876, 0.0779113611465816, -0.1649907271620696, 0.09242424547024396, -0.14465981972930225, -0.11201703497816039, 0.05402457357748695, 0.23879778287980868, -0.290554531890413, -0.29435895893560804, -0.0028991898339565682, -0.24989633812852527, -0.15333632331432612, 0.16281193745848926, -0.1819862459745744, -0.04721957874362883, 0.06688035587253778, 0.001910097573114478, -0.05694291550342156, -0.31527054471814114, 0.28794310911578813, 0.06728127574467141, 0.16843002957276718, 0.10576132409598517, 0.05873740008214752, 0.055849890811773745, -0.1328517241484445, -0.06358419342533402, -0.2027105952653548, 0.0787107716516956, 0.25214771859590773, 0.0645614391921655, 0.31287935380216525, -0.3270292305590018, -0.13170282003145828, 0.07139219554222148, 0.059685447374763695, 0.061251964075895754, 0.017413605247502743, -0.22413181788895442, 0.020164618552055046, -0.15789046640629353, -0.19737362351430499, 0.027216584543171135, 0.1388857633523319, -0.10050186065390058, -0.15951096946778504, 0.060346863435014435, 0.21324777765118558, 0.05953039285605368, 0.011528809028475182, -0.18075420375427473, 0.16177962947150934, 0.00367456559172791, 0.17284388572443277, 0.18701416557735723, 0.03860597263859666, -0.10297130913797604, -0.07222738368031771, 0.3705782710534075, -0.060346611937427005, -0.27896765728845546, 0.04979447068889504, -0.05189691277463799, -0.23343997924467144, 0.11789837560575941, 0.051141382701209055, 0.1189980402831798, -0.14652556909815126, 0.2296718035865089, -0.1530436547473073, 0.1737764873744353, 0.1718597695150453, -0.16143619301526443, 0.1690172556301822, 0.10822539108440928, -0.005685833687691585, 0.10621380660197009, 0.011076095797445463, -0.04712064201822099, -0.4568714375567177, -0.30448892097110336, -0.26662898096053494, 0.178269660687479, -0.043690752480988915, -0.2216407626705325, 0.30068964365383855, 0.08372562824060088, 0.11256846044536518, 0.08635908848120143, 0.24327284259640652, 0.14451046630679426, -0.0882590212960444, 0.06384683977407606, 0.2062890220372735, 0.14175881413014038, 0.05532012312956478, -0.10759099964659823, 0.028426506738785818, 0.17241399451766326]
706.2841
Doppler controlled dynamics of a mirror attached to a spring
A laser beam directed at a mirror attached onto a flexible mount extracts thermal energy from its mechanical Brownian motion by Doppler effect. For a normal mirror the efficiency of this Doppler cooling is very weak and masked by laser shot-noise. We find that it can become very efficient using a Bragg mirror at the long wavelength edge of its band stop. The opposite effect of cooling opens new routes for optical pumping of mechanical systems: a laser pointing at a Bragg mirror and tuned at its short wavelength edge induces amplification of the vibrational excitation of the mirror leading eventually to its self-oscillation. This new effects rely on the strong dependency of the Bragg mirror reflectivity on the wavelength.
cond-mat.other
a laser beam directed at a mirror attached onto a flexible mount extracts thermal energy from its mechanical brownian motion by doppler effect for a normal mirror the efficiency of this doppler cooling is very weak and masked by laser shotnoise we find that it can become very efficient using a bragg mirror at the long wavelength edge of its band stop the opposite effect of cooling opens new routes for optical pumping of mechanical systems a laser pointing at a bragg mirror and tuned at its short wavelength edge induces amplification of the vibrational excitation of the mirror leading eventually to its selfoscillation this new effects rely on the strong dependency of the bragg mirror reflectivity on the wavelength
[['a', 'laser', 'beam', 'directed', 'at', 'a', 'mirror', 'attached', 'onto', 'a', 'flexible', 'mount', 'extracts', 'thermal', 'energy', 'from', 'its', 'mechanical', 'brownian', 'motion', 'by', 'doppler', 'effect', 'for', 'a', 'normal', 'mirror', 'the', 'efficiency', 'of', 'this', 'doppler', 'cooling', 'is', 'very', 'weak', 'and', 'masked', 'by', 'laser', 'shotnoise', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'it', 'can', 'become', 'very', 'efficient', 'using', 'a', 'bragg', 'mirror', 'at', 'the', 'long', 'wavelength', 'edge', 'of', 'its', 'band', 'stop', 'the', 'opposite', 'effect', 'of', 'cooling', 'opens', 'new', 'routes', 'for', 'optical', 'pumping', 'of', 'mechanical', 'systems', 'a', 'laser', 'pointing', 'at', 'a', 'bragg', 'mirror', 'and', 'tuned', 'at', 'its', 'short', 'wavelength', 'edge', 'induces', 'amplification', 'of', 'the', 'vibrational', 'excitation', 'of', 'the', 'mirror', 'leading', 'eventually', 'to', 'its', 'selfoscillation', 'this', 'new', 'effects', 'rely', 'on', 'the', 'strong', 'dependency', 'of', 'the', 'bragg', 'mirror', 'reflectivity', 'on', 'the', 'wavelength']]
[-0.15662799020064994, 0.23646445341873915, -0.12212900281107673, -0.0036746098708438997, -0.0796106682624668, -0.17908435872523115, 0.08324424737753967, 0.44585564482646683, -0.3018671395877997, -0.27023762213939334, 0.05507448953673399, -0.2379724326931561, -0.05210327318733713, 0.25281323002030454, -0.03668522295774892, 0.037426694955502174, 0.049890457215951756, -0.043596670893020925, 1.6032892744988203e-06, -0.09254698615016727, 0.26364225360254445, 0.1203991602010016, 0.3012266367130602, 0.04581381094564373, 0.13848958311330836, 0.04247761746519245, 0.05205825998758276, -0.03464387470545868, -0.07383686211960594, 0.08293867836085458, 0.19050724460394122, -0.05682832901366055, 0.2548372035768504, -0.4275082555754731, -0.1887607748309771, 0.029807014441272865, 0.09405406839990367, 0.15165590412604313, -0.06598401282972191, -0.2698226905738314, 0.00958144369845589, -0.11220757002010942, -0.17341305855661632, -0.013337729995449384, -0.010236594926876326, 0.024513104775299627, -0.2316696362880369, -0.0017235848441487177, 0.08035236623060579, 0.07307971878132473, 0.008892018080223352, -0.040393730819535754, -0.07239230731890227, 0.06199295272429784, -0.006494029031212752, 0.00950343226431869, 0.2069962378210524, -0.14237702462414745, -0.047468887300541, 0.39797306082521877, -0.08763917502947152, -0.06757830850547179, 0.14565614491390685, -0.155186838330701, -0.030569846420742883, 0.2461207536359628, 0.14611912197239388, 0.10881347149406792, -0.06925193848631656, -0.0058178043545922264, 0.02113440145816033, 0.18131566744414157, 0.16385264178582779, 0.09438885851607969, 0.3003304814609388, 0.19714119648560882, 0.09945952917332761, 0.19032623381353914, -0.20163102700607852, 0.006208777035741756, -0.2628722585737705, -0.08893023176739613, -0.1748486269614659, 0.05616865719979008, -0.05186357810913857, -0.1414920318250855, 0.4155150230236662, 0.11280301296695446, 0.16583224084073056, 0.012327977423168098, 0.3527564933368315, 0.13082676337605031, 0.09509171356524651, -0.016479956370312722, 0.34160633207454033, 0.1447641139345554, 0.14093114257363293, -0.3362277443772958, -0.014104797943339993, -0.004235190393713614]
706.2842
Comments on testing the violation of the Clausius inequality in nanoscale electric circuits
The correct laws of thermodynamics, either classical or quantum without probabilities of statistical quantum mechanics are valid for all systems, large or small, including systems of one spin or one particle only. So no violations can occur in nanoscale electric circuits.
quant-ph
the correct laws of thermodynamics either classical or quantum without probabilities of statistical quantum mechanics are valid for all systems large or small including systems of one spin or one particle only so no violations can occur in nanoscale electric circuits
[['the', 'correct', 'laws', 'of', 'thermodynamics', 'either', 'classical', 'or', 'quantum', 'without', 'probabilities', 'of', 'statistical', 'quantum', 'mechanics', 'are', 'valid', 'for', 'all', 'systems', 'large', 'or', 'small', 'including', 'systems', 'of', 'one', 'spin', 'or', 'one', 'particle', 'only', 'so', 'no', 'violations', 'can', 'occur', 'in', 'nanoscale', 'electric', 'circuits']]
[-0.16697243164952208, 0.23821156837682173, -0.02001680345160932, 0.11883453863513906, -0.023752076926118717, -0.26716161373911834, 0.0503712923197848, 0.27348833626545055, -0.2419875092668141, -0.3159149784322192, 0.08626964883651675, -0.29789123064043316, -0.07644291616771824, 0.2495542004130917, -0.0254303159010483, 0.15316434674782725, 0.015907996879299967, 0.06825798972532517, -0.04748630142066537, -0.1698901954124023, 0.26259403079521004, -0.02888952137294748, 0.25047760781627604, 0.01672008491643682, 0.10654337808671521, 0.034085984126005955, 0.056778522429806064, 0.08197323489570763, -0.017238178835591166, 0.052152578082935115, 0.22912443606410085, 0.08493880856009882, 0.23449923332053713, -0.553777393407938, -0.25353387459294824, 0.18711418986889086, 0.089367072310912, 0.23380944214579535, -0.021241894979938503, -0.23477105195520492, 0.07269823375135297, -0.16440986593185766, -0.13629170468576798, -0.10781478570637906, -0.011324880849115732, 0.030777364901107985, -0.17174961179403997, 0.14090905797372505, 0.15504508346273768, 0.08808995640223347, 0.016128283573269116, -0.1051327602983248, 0.023828159052333455, 0.15880743913329776, -0.03326715440375776, -0.07732926565790321, 0.2095892046033064, -0.18259652201994891, -0.2121741266966593, 0.4484028484581447, 0.0633122255775805, -0.23447688328238522, 0.22460070840173924, -0.19282293189089836, -0.15769075719276215, 0.10704715236476282, 0.12732474200382102, 0.11415419921778687, -0.1700803566633201, 0.09724833257496357, 0.0751298935856761, 0.20352996758571484, 0.06546540954718139, 0.10850526027597214, 0.31724182548137697, 0.04247465988666546, 0.046970562577792786, 0.04619715725662323, -0.03406640473844075, -0.2079379370140775, -0.32854765644524153, -0.1963615214861021, -0.22508827079280574, 0.11773677433772785, -0.08656982658998813, -0.20327280039285742, 0.2614376131308878, 0.12031718023638127, 0.11103526080345236, 0.007931576973599632, 0.27378664329284574, 0.13578156489742602, 0.09737857163134145, 0.05167519301743951, 0.2729898670279398, 0.1127277249697505, 0.06832050795598728, -0.1826049013108742, 0.0859880322794907, 0.00020201436084945026]
706.2843
Turbulence in the Solar Corona
The solar corona has been revealed in the past decade to be a highly dynamic nonequilibrium plasma environment. Both the loop-filled coronal base and the extended acceleration region of the solar wind appear to be strongly turbulent, but direct observational evidence for a cascade of fluctuation energy from large to small scales is lacking. In this paper I will review the observations of wavelike motions in the corona over a wide range of scales, as well as the macroscopic effects of wave-particle interactions such as preferential ion heating. I will also present a summary of recent theoretical modeling efforts that seem to explain the time-steady properties of the corona (and the fast and slow solar wind) in terms of an anisotropic MHD cascade driven by the partial reflection of low-frequency Alfven waves propagating along the superradially expanding solar magnetic field. Complete theoretical models are difficult to construct, though, because many of the proposed physical processes act on a multiplicity of spatial scales (from centimeters to solar radii) with feedback effects not yet well understood. This paper is thus a progress report on various attempts to couple these disparate scales.
astro-ph
the solar corona has been revealed in the past decade to be a highly dynamic nonequilibrium plasma environment both the loopfilled coronal base and the extended acceleration region of the solar wind appear to be strongly turbulent but direct observational evidence for a cascade of fluctuation energy from large to small scales is lacking in this paper i will review the observations of wavelike motions in the corona over a wide range of scales as well as the macroscopic effects of waveparticle interactions such as preferential ion heating i will also present a summary of recent theoretical modeling efforts that seem to explain the timesteady properties of the corona and the fast and slow solar wind in terms of an anisotropic mhd cascade driven by the partial reflection of lowfrequency alfven waves propagating along the superradially expanding solar magnetic field complete theoretical models are difficult to construct though because many of the proposed physical processes act on a multiplicity of spatial scales from centimeters to solar radii with feedback effects not yet well understood this paper is thus a progress report on various attempts to couple these disparate scales
[['the', 'solar', 'corona', 'has', 'been', 'revealed', 'in', 'the', 'past', 'decade', 'to', 'be', 'a', 'highly', 'dynamic', 'nonequilibrium', 'plasma', 'environment', 'both', 'the', 'loopfilled', 'coronal', 'base', 'and', 'the', 'extended', 'acceleration', 'region', 'of', 'the', 'solar', 'wind', 'appear', 'to', 'be', 'strongly', 'turbulent', 'but', 'direct', 'observational', 'evidence', 'for', 'a', 'cascade', 'of', 'fluctuation', 'energy', 'from', 'large', 'to', 'small', 'scales', 'is', 'lacking', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'i', 'will', 'review', 'the', 'observations', 'of', 'wavelike', 'motions', 'in', 'the', 'corona', 'over', 'a', 'wide', 'range', 'of', 'scales', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'the', 'macroscopic', 'effects', 'of', 'waveparticle', 'interactions', 'such', 'as', 'preferential', 'ion', 'heating', 'i', 'will', 'also', 'present', 'a', 'summary', 'of', 'recent', 'theoretical', 'modeling', 'efforts', 'that', 'seem', 'to', 'explain', 'the', 'timesteady', 'properties', 'of', 'the', 'corona', 'and', 'the', 'fast', 'and', 'slow', 'solar', 'wind', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'an', 'anisotropic', 'mhd', 'cascade', 'driven', 'by', 'the', 'partial', 'reflection', 'of', 'lowfrequency', 'alfven', 'waves', 'propagating', 'along', 'the', 'superradially', 'expanding', 'solar', 'magnetic', 'field', 'complete', 'theoretical', 'models', 'are', 'difficult', 'to', 'construct', 'though', 'because', 'many', 'of', 'the', 'proposed', 'physical', 'processes', 'act', 'on', 'a', 'multiplicity', 'of', 'spatial', 'scales', 'from', 'centimeters', 'to', 'solar', 'radii', 'with', 'feedback', 'effects', 'not', 'yet', 'well', 'understood', 'this', 'paper', 'is', 'thus', 'a', 'progress', 'report', 'on', 'various', 'attempts', 'to', 'couple', 'these', 'disparate', 'scales']]
[-0.11435061167836427, 0.21021261339967864, -0.03885063719644677, 0.08667785301494928, -0.10615548741151677, -0.0413046758275162, -0.03169896746391153, 0.372032639610165, -0.27270391454642756, -0.3265621994740944, 0.08546435777989632, -0.22222248187407534, -0.09673837193119478, 0.23416321286454828, -0.027219227154923732, 0.025000189427605908, 0.0578621039216585, -0.03996089258493776, -0.013310412954950229, -0.1556714789179015, 0.2658249571859995, 0.13792943361864246, 0.2151452220280957, 0.06910987719249456, 0.075826471641739, -0.10880327599365859, -0.04997738734373149, 0.06729767778814037, -0.114984008980018, 0.08300769792379256, 0.23389474506963412, 0.10474956724136335, 0.27716183410759304, -0.5041790552972321, -0.308470206587833, 0.013657457562426025, 0.19971473740526485, 0.09152219638061534, -0.05034338142487538, -0.22618106447198635, 0.026762447397947867, -0.1805353496072596, -0.1262243371630246, -0.012865294938897119, 0.03764977547689341, 0.0504429354999318, -0.2470466259896676, 0.08809193169950146, 0.07320593473962211, 0.08049629450258006, -0.062296038576490936, -0.059041292817787604, -0.022169159431173962, 0.11846461572357395, 0.11748255167789311, 0.020963140531750198, 0.1592641690042504, -0.12404961371670496, -0.09367321027774721, 0.3899954281192511, -0.04552448950918451, -0.11574519124808424, 0.2601950557486333, -0.2233193423722851, -0.13080520878119908, 0.16721843033186853, 0.20323952027668363, 0.10258261119436592, -0.14469413794180813, 0.025092370259795993, -0.05406750470865518, 0.14284914247967576, 0.02090509656687921, 0.07110764563053926, 0.2863792710110268, 0.18162690935547443, 0.03485797013204416, 0.07890504812538449, -0.12376806920176332, -0.07911405288440948, -0.28409725451901396, -0.09794677405969854, -0.12118990670770724, 0.08052084049554555, -0.04522207143391108, -0.1973488305378309, 0.40427713243642505, 0.19172432980787485, 0.21002876103677331, -0.02046394503199832, 0.31054375807635803, 0.08100636936835648, 0.04855528917966133, 0.100333425525992, 0.3028520647698934, 0.1727326865459079, 0.17399390729112016, -0.21747839696299126, 0.06362202998648268, 0.013588099319368918]
706.2844
Equality of Lifshitz and van Hove exponents on amenable Cayley graphs
We study the low energy asymptotics of periodic and random Laplace operators on Cayley graphs of amenable, finitely generated groups. For the periodic operator the asymptotics is characterised by the van Hove exponent or zeroth Novikov-Shubin invariant. The random model we consider is given in terms of an adjacency Laplacian on site or edge percolation subgraphs of the Cayley graph. The asymptotic behaviour of the spectral distribution is exponential, characterised by the Lifshitz exponent. We show that for the adjacency Laplacian the two invariants/exponents coincide. The result holds also for more general symmetric transition operators. For combinatorial Laplacians one has a different universal behaviour of the low energy asymptotics of the spectral distribution function, which can be actually established on quasi-transitive graphs without an amenability assumption. The latter result holds also for long range bond percolation models.
math.SP math-ph math.GR math.MP
we study the low energy asymptotics of periodic and random laplace operators on cayley graphs of amenable finitely generated groups for the periodic operator the asymptotics is characterised by the van hove exponent or zeroth novikovshubin invariant the random model we consider is given in terms of an adjacency laplacian on site or edge percolation subgraphs of the cayley graph the asymptotic behaviour of the spectral distribution is exponential characterised by the lifshitz exponent we show that for the adjacency laplacian the two invariantsexponents coincide the result holds also for more general symmetric transition operators for combinatorial laplacians one has a different universal behaviour of the low energy asymptotics of the spectral distribution function which can be actually established on quasitransitive graphs without an amenability assumption the latter result holds also for long range bond percolation models
[['we', 'study', 'the', 'low', 'energy', 'asymptotics', 'of', 'periodic', 'and', 'random', 'laplace', 'operators', 'on', 'cayley', 'graphs', 'of', 'amenable', 'finitely', 'generated', 'groups', 'for', 'the', 'periodic', 'operator', 'the', 'asymptotics', 'is', 'characterised', 'by', 'the', 'van', 'hove', 'exponent', 'or', 'zeroth', 'novikovshubin', 'invariant', 'the', 'random', 'model', 'we', 'consider', 'is', 'given', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'an', 'adjacency', 'laplacian', 'on', 'site', 'or', 'edge', 'percolation', 'subgraphs', 'of', 'the', 'cayley', 'graph', 'the', 'asymptotic', 'behaviour', 'of', 'the', 'spectral', 'distribution', 'is', 'exponential', 'characterised', 'by', 'the', 'lifshitz', 'exponent', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'for', 'the', 'adjacency', 'laplacian', 'the', 'two', 'invariantsexponents', 'coincide', 'the', 'result', 'holds', 'also', 'for', 'more', 'general', 'symmetric', 'transition', 'operators', 'for', 'combinatorial', 'laplacians', 'one', 'has', 'a', 'different', 'universal', 'behaviour', 'of', 'the', 'low', 'energy', 'asymptotics', 'of', 'the', 'spectral', 'distribution', 'function', 'which', 'can', 'be', 'actually', 'established', 'on', 'quasitransitive', 'graphs', 'without', 'an', 'amenability', 'assumption', 'the', 'latter', 'result', 'holds', 'also', 'for', 'long', 'range', 'bond', 'percolation', 'models']]
[-0.15564736646089894, 0.15676689333721536, -0.08169737586285919, 0.12541386241226812, -0.06493082958674196, -0.13628100648673033, 0.013983914097908008, 0.3779605420936337, -0.2695232060573557, -0.21871287907090256, 0.10878829552829676, -0.30425832558231536, -0.16474796296439737, 0.1434710408126086, -0.04837356881847989, 0.06845244237988748, 0.04048076347338364, 0.09526821068892091, -0.04236720872353651, -0.20020553600646535, 0.3937257490709753, 0.017188646501916295, 0.26318335483836774, 0.10214500249062172, 0.027799085398916814, 0.02549147356972646, 0.012442749568863827, -0.0005921770078951822, -0.18122219701276396, 0.07031499878041145, 0.19673174644105315, 0.011924342817270799, 0.21250473238486686, -0.37034724037820366, -0.2071275853788179, 0.19746302830925047, 0.13604825304355472, 0.017754330031868236, -0.000717289644479238, -0.2885354444699581, 0.12112590450937312, -0.1570563737357802, -0.1793898840311586, -0.02135569488574915, 0.0371261076121728, 0.04225702584988218, -0.2832593584077104, 0.09165567138638032, 0.14479514425586196, 0.0632466503234087, -0.032538915374864114, -0.10108428761304822, -0.016618603771990714, 0.12503764747217408, 0.0010028426323140808, -0.0585737916870344, 0.07560102094430476, -0.0968389713054742, -0.14581117616035044, 0.34752023156376227, -0.055561700246899444, -0.18415274907944396, 0.11493723252651226, -0.18785656329846995, -0.18211299396352842, 0.10688131623764467, 0.09764278518987875, 0.13943361981963628, -0.09361146737030461, 0.17414524403113105, -0.05574826177154832, 0.08920459408460267, 0.11722983580822234, 0.01997981099488885, 0.10674690445611144, 0.08979427969247541, 0.14798000859274693, 0.18634921445439379, 0.008045959664741531, -0.09290135001955445, -0.2745845159789657, -0.09727597013561, -0.29761989146594287, 0.11454032621045104, -0.24394982663890166, -0.27978568553739663, 0.4373282393344733, 0.06457267445169718, 0.1930184982415727, 0.14815007737813765, 0.16598151199115604, 0.18930412927361698, 0.015396954943699873, 0.09551491229451452, 0.13069927140810145, 0.1799453070938505, 0.044963377178646624, -0.1639324018957696, 0.0781118855212459, 0.19736355649964774]
706.2845
Counting closed geodesics on rank one manifolds
We establish a precise asymptotic formula for the number of homotopy classes of periodic orbits for the geodesic flow on rank one manifolds of nonpositive curvature. This extends a celebrated result of G. A. Margulis to the nonuniformly hyperbolic case and strengthens previous results by G. Knieper. We also establish some useful properties of the measure of maximal entropy.
math.DS math.DG
we establish a precise asymptotic formula for the number of homotopy classes of periodic orbits for the geodesic flow on rank one manifolds of nonpositive curvature this extends a celebrated result of g a margulis to the nonuniformly hyperbolic case and strengthens previous results by g knieper we also establish some useful properties of the measure of maximal entropy
[['we', 'establish', 'a', 'precise', 'asymptotic', 'formula', 'for', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'homotopy', 'classes', 'of', 'periodic', 'orbits', 'for', 'the', 'geodesic', 'flow', 'on', 'rank', 'one', 'manifolds', 'of', 'nonpositive', 'curvature', 'this', 'extends', 'a', 'celebrated', 'result', 'of', 'g', 'a', 'margulis', 'to', 'the', 'nonuniformly', 'hyperbolic', 'case', 'and', 'strengthens', 'previous', 'results', 'by', 'g', 'knieper', 'we', 'also', 'establish', 'some', 'useful', 'properties', 'of', 'the', 'measure', 'of', 'maximal', 'entropy']]
[-0.21273559395034433, 0.07321850638205217, -0.10810374746383247, 0.07721497529478333, -0.10584940691083922, -0.11292043090719035, 0.040861374434178414, 0.27829533133466366, -0.2528956666888701, -0.21964459381681883, 0.1003700169079574, -0.26454375289633114, -0.1332435188972849, 0.27683337211166903, -0.1741351821633466, 0.0639422668175677, 0.0870285976117761, 0.10716920403834684, -0.06827532148020247, -0.2437895368547889, 0.3886248615838714, -0.033139628216119134, 0.2033187223831315, 0.10556527247683982, 0.07322124737488517, 0.012070840856028815, -0.048693249976830714, 0.03681623407686919, -0.2512505649415366, 0.16354784369863318, 0.21535144462516548, 0.06362590095091422, 0.23504033303125052, -0.30549220257770204, -0.2357793773240331, 0.17447673080299617, 0.08164942572169574, 0.03745265011438879, -0.034929093346394345, -0.29647270106647355, 0.1096178165921089, -0.11617128268452519, -0.24885074173147648, -0.04977291354009787, 0.05988134297155538, 0.02727165469363079, -0.21274472059587302, 0.07202413404642573, 0.18943830289763508, 0.07771278886219203, -0.04995260872262514, -0.08516929903998971, -0.028943353237868365, 0.11808549392163374, 0.08023503593216508, 0.007706104635687197, 0.05745231166039988, -0.012445650170004721, -0.0819282390303531, 0.3280125648193693, -0.10008565768978353, -0.21904054246211457, 0.15660226843872313, -0.179862551241166, -0.1885420234905461, 0.11342720538219911, 0.1291582037426405, 0.21694106229046217, -0.050546666611206985, 0.14433009608281713, -0.125375493650593, 0.05282100452646866, 0.12606839924040486, 0.012340188310560534, 0.11382527758320005, 0.07076566649001029, 0.18840244851643378, 0.18779977796583483, 0.01923291185886552, -0.018540548231705267, -0.33281013427965217, -0.21372777062578727, -0.17176651992535186, 0.14529561828348345, -0.18011420767066677, -0.19108831699369316, 0.4045757961348962, 0.050450724628517185, 0.1970077993908613, 0.17453550859906916, 0.21718120711492533, 0.03665141669453232, -0.021672708848570237, 0.11054135536995985, 0.20233740859469634, 0.2712241390570051, 0.021919971055714256, -0.1604590396302105, -0.018470669780873646, 0.23280307892867821]
706.2846
Potential models and lattice correlators for quarkonia at finite temperature
We update our recent calculation of quarkonium Euclidean correlators at finite temperatures in a potential model by including the effect of zero modes in the lattice spectral functions. These contributions cure most of the previously observed discrepancies with lattice calculations, supporting the use of potential models at finite temperature as an important tool to complement lattice studies.
hep-ph
we update our recent calculation of quarkonium euclidean correlators at finite temperatures in a potential model by including the effect of zero modes in the lattice spectral functions these contributions cure most of the previously observed discrepancies with lattice calculations supporting the use of potential models at finite temperature as an important tool to complement lattice studies
[['we', 'update', 'our', 'recent', 'calculation', 'of', 'quarkonium', 'euclidean', 'correlators', 'at', 'finite', 'temperatures', 'in', 'a', 'potential', 'model', 'by', 'including', 'the', 'effect', 'of', 'zero', 'modes', 'in', 'the', 'lattice', 'spectral', 'functions', 'these', 'contributions', 'cure', 'most', 'of', 'the', 'previously', 'observed', 'discrepancies', 'with', 'lattice', 'calculations', 'supporting', 'the', 'use', 'of', 'potential', 'models', 'at', 'finite', 'temperature', 'as', 'an', 'important', 'tool', 'to', 'complement', 'lattice', 'studies']]
[-0.052868592413959276, 0.14880793222472308, -0.11146746816015557, 0.05605213924948322, -0.020735624426028186, -0.10543758032451335, 0.06905639295776685, 0.36305220202918637, -0.19627234450206488, -0.2312326311346209, 0.07368544388252, -0.3376954390438633, -0.11372874118387699, 0.15470182818050185, 0.053102509085938596, 0.09662224469387806, 0.03405494541910134, 0.003075124110756932, -0.08170985270356923, -0.2572274899228656, 0.3238443891240055, 0.08437351608779609, 0.259928106640776, 0.1702334684760947, 0.00682443283955779, 0.0034512815376122794, -0.043683985289055524, 0.02524693835559383, -0.16267351021892146, 0.08017817602019038, 0.25423613351060276, 0.003432907817656534, 0.22308924680641085, -0.42356203679452864, -0.28248408528273566, 0.08513263059093763, 0.15082848813842265, 0.1623853643326775, -0.046388659005363785, -0.1850854986625021, 0.04143704076934802, -0.16470186325737782, -0.20838806705484003, -0.10352226124520887, -0.00028602427929607136, -0.020755641995684096, -0.2402035283872433, 0.06325086963510043, -0.008852879002102111, 0.12450597997590912, -0.08046382803290167, -0.22011613752692938, -0.010049803325448903, 0.10565145894590962, 0.0735322063474246, 0.08124266032194882, 0.069323625603462, -0.12578756708586425, -0.18466688069237167, 0.39027680937004716, -0.11469761782178753, -0.1528203704378061, 0.20286256957210994, -0.16390641375951337, -0.1512317721682944, 0.10781037941444338, 0.14483792234718668, 0.08700976524912556, -0.1083422003379255, 0.10220733678719976, 0.020149972632919486, 0.09398166943962376, 0.013814709737504783, 0.06352209136412855, 0.22782079346085848, 0.1500155863662561, -0.023745988021817124, 0.1261781361280826, -0.046625990804546234, -0.10308764950094516, -0.34369105254218246, -0.06601770909241679, -0.20122853852808475, 0.008515191730111837, -0.1149418060259338, -0.1946356196871452, 0.38862770547469455, 0.16529460526643353, 0.22266912885140955, 0.02847411141632811, 0.29899327836015765, 0.10122310337528848, 0.14145948056523738, 0.039045594534591624, 0.1979960011351004, 0.16951824826384454, 0.06759422808362726, -0.301164336584247, -0.006960591331957595, 0.07430777584382317]
706.2847
Quenched magnetic moment in Mn-doped amorphous Si (\textit{a}-Mn$_{x}$Si$_{1-x}$) across the metal-insulator transition
The magnetic and electrical transport properties of Mn-doped amorphous silicon (\textit{a-}Mn$_{x}$Si$_{1-x}$) thin films have been measured. The magnetic susceptibility obeys the Curie-Weiss law for a wide range of $x$ (0.005-0.175) and the saturation moment is small. While all Mn atoms contribute to the electrical transport, only a small fraction (interstitial Mn$^{2+}$ states with $J$=$S$=5/2) contribute to the magnetization. The majority of the Mn atoms do not possess any magnetic moment, contrary to what is predicted by the Ludwig-Woodbury model for Mn in crystalline silicon. Unlike \textit{a-}Gd$_{x}$Si$_{1-x}$ films which have an enormous \textit{negative} magnetoresistance, \textit{a-}Mn$_{x}$Si$_{1-x}$ films have only a small \textit{positive} magnetoresistance, which can be understood by this quenching of the Mn moment.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.str-el
the magnetic and electrical transport properties of mndoped amorphous silicon textitamn_xsi_1x thin films have been measured the magnetic susceptibility obeys the curieweiss law for a wide range of x 00050175 and the saturation moment is small while all mn atoms contribute to the electrical transport only a small fraction interstitial mn2 states with js52 contribute to the magnetization the majority of the mn atoms do not possess any magnetic moment contrary to what is predicted by the ludwigwoodbury model for mn in crystalline silicon unlike textitagd_xsi_1x films which have an enormous textitnegative magnetoresistance textitamn_xsi_1x films have only a small textitpositive magnetoresistance which can be understood by this quenching of the mn moment
[['the', 'magnetic', 'and', 'electrical', 'transport', 'properties', 'of', 'mndoped', 'amorphous', 'silicon', 'textitamn_xsi_1x', 'thin', 'films', 'have', 'been', 'measured', 'the', 'magnetic', 'susceptibility', 'obeys', 'the', 'curieweiss', 'law', 'for', 'a', 'wide', 'range', 'of', 'x', '00050175', 'and', 'the', 'saturation', 'moment', 'is', 'small', 'while', 'all', 'mn', 'atoms', 'contribute', 'to', 'the', 'electrical', 'transport', 'only', 'a', 'small', 'fraction', 'interstitial', 'mn2', 'states', 'with', 'js52', 'contribute', 'to', 'the', 'magnetization', 'the', 'majority', 'of', 'the', 'mn', 'atoms', 'do', 'not', 'possess', 'any', 'magnetic', 'moment', 'contrary', 'to', 'what', 'is', 'predicted', 'by', 'the', 'ludwigwoodbury', 'model', 'for', 'mn', 'in', 'crystalline', 'silicon', 'unlike', 'textitagd_xsi_1x', 'films', 'which', 'have', 'an', 'enormous', 'textitnegative', 'magnetoresistance', 'textitamn_xsi_1x', 'films', 'have', 'only', 'a', 'small', 'textitpositive', 'magnetoresistance', 'which', 'can', 'be', 'understood', 'by', 'this', 'quenching', 'of', 'the', 'mn', 'moment']]
[-0.13504028204336482, 0.23004049027268886, 0.01711652763539328, -0.01121644054007945, -0.020184928177908627, -0.1361050879064385, 0.05714733351652405, 0.4183392281169599, -0.25023187199203334, -0.33620678891761685, -0.0005609982939138306, -0.342412680677437, -0.04548609964900984, 0.15797132846541298, 0.033767843851819634, -0.002704026111630055, -0.04278221136213825, -0.01971602677982652, -0.06601138216144634, -0.2657747273772674, 0.23678667301241801, 0.016840896446187543, 0.3125758294174272, 0.09141864187418008, 0.049505109044301485, -0.04374177377442566, 0.20320702501449664, 0.0940698896411736, -0.11604253968821382, 0.06719070478542356, 0.21909276023507118, -0.10869254375025982, 0.16478952231711513, -0.4773527722770594, -0.22202055575326085, 0.06579781547606096, 0.11576590095514888, 0.1250990981473324, -0.09843698232258968, -0.21215250842132657, 0.12615775870805043, -0.1085121287911568, -0.07485728185044004, -0.13043305821242338, 0.013298794706264194, 0.043010556305437965, -0.23599983162064334, 0.10534699655682692, 0.13698113864322878, 0.10415559086316037, -0.10233597571627712, -0.1720502192312676, -0.09255976107340518, 0.07163686800379095, 0.06930852751137759, 0.05318754238300553, 0.2035198094551715, -0.0975788032860091, -0.0751686940400176, 0.34050237824086027, -0.03236525471515532, -0.08485541197488893, 0.11179825812929643, -0.2770748834195986, -0.08409514562841856, 0.19995828321256306, 0.11131068446040857, 0.15426803386984625, -0.16551961343876034, 0.12687890429185913, -0.054999623974820354, 0.216628081718776, 0.0398630496764661, 0.06564743924481829, 0.247412362311668, 0.16806783949635606, 0.03737897201406084, 0.09109202905707413, -0.12494335817788148, 0.005581383536271048, -0.1785048843462477, -0.21290683497253032, -0.25922594683679734, 0.1562433829598342, -0.08865356728196241, -0.2187784869917932, 0.32773343261050164, 0.10378128564301527, 0.19096725477995175, -0.07603656641813873, 0.2087616638658252, 0.09781327977543697, 0.13782894856379949, 0.04410131272139414, 0.26789346924227364, 0.21969597843335062, 0.1867377818728202, -0.28036068808638825, 0.18917869919700162, -0.02339363489343943]
706.2848
Quantum Uncertainty and Nonlocality: Are they Correctly Understood?
In a brief article [1], Seife refers to works by Einstein and Schroedinger and concludes that there is a relentless murmur of confusion underneath the chorus of praise for quantum theory. It is noteworthy that a "murmur" is not necessarily a cause for replacement of any scientific theory, and that the issues raised by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen, and Schroedinger's responses to the EPR paper have been satisfactorily resolved by Gyftopoulos and von Spakovsky [2] in a manner that renders the relentless murmur mute and unwarranted.
quant-ph
in a brief article 1 seife refers to works by einstein and schroedinger and concludes that there is a relentless murmur of confusion underneath the chorus of praise for quantum theory it is noteworthy that a murmur is not necessarily a cause for replacement of any scientific theory and that the issues raised by einstein podolsky and rosen and schroedingers responses to the epr paper have been satisfactorily resolved by gyftopoulos and von spakovsky 2 in a manner that renders the relentless murmur mute and unwarranted
[['in', 'a', 'brief', 'article', '1', 'seife', 'refers', 'to', 'works', 'by', 'einstein', 'and', 'schroedinger', 'and', 'concludes', 'that', 'there', 'is', 'a', 'relentless', 'murmur', 'of', 'confusion', 'underneath', 'the', 'chorus', 'of', 'praise', 'for', 'quantum', 'theory', 'it', 'is', 'noteworthy', 'that', 'a', 'murmur', 'is', 'not', 'necessarily', 'a', 'cause', 'for', 'replacement', 'of', 'any', 'scientific', 'theory', 'and', 'that', 'the', 'issues', 'raised', 'by', 'einstein', 'podolsky', 'and', 'rosen', 'and', 'schroedingers', 'responses', 'to', 'the', 'epr', 'paper', 'have', 'been', 'satisfactorily', 'resolved', 'by', 'gyftopoulos', 'and', 'von', 'spakovsky', '2', 'in', 'a', 'manner', 'that', 'renders', 'the', 'relentless', 'murmur', 'mute', 'and', 'unwarranted']]
[-0.07686916080651333, 0.12154327385711024, -0.07804739615790186, 0.06932366653822407, -0.08441633295761533, -0.17336787807990808, 0.020351095311624188, 0.3117510271988001, -0.1789427136200065, -0.28142100384077395, 0.09005158852662397, -0.3079447283308549, -0.19089047997875744, 0.168123291376894, -0.17036107767104025, 0.01658497956659959, 0.0512227048699082, 0.011063912636544332, -0.041812523099851895, -0.2531549233763692, 0.36167890862393454, 0.08590283484551607, 0.23266215583152441, 0.10962468715025539, 0.12157103720020099, -0.00031101525233811643, -0.034769195259944256, 0.08055673964905093, -0.07596559397748627, 0.08605155408528285, 0.2659066977338439, 0.1829035523858101, 0.34668764130896834, -0.41759508370186194, -0.21536075057888246, 0.05817634959604187, 0.10476783166936857, 0.12645337531477752, -0.05163912667404771, -0.3116672846715875, 0.07931983679026668, -0.17610252996435366, -0.11898517357858729, -0.05280614481588085, 0.08913202480558889, -0.03376137548552669, -0.19403548681749458, 0.07798336186945573, 0.12068995787111302, 0.056065831860774254, -0.041758056348526335, -0.041591038961098135, 0.071182827998222, 0.08273982638717596, 0.05340396332013118, 0.07178506524307676, 0.05774919180401478, -0.09956140684367842, -0.13297518442598094, 0.3812542848109481, -0.03042870533865798, -0.16739573462828378, 0.12928678014130524, -0.10858016961018543, -0.09854683469060853, 0.06598881314542279, 0.03968850820022354, 0.05244309083749372, -0.15957687226831016, 0.10628539468624618, -0.05752302460507097, 0.15843716032623525, 0.10601975551121924, -0.013857747865728584, 0.2220225033900106, 0.08246819634574006, 0.03805850787615651, 0.0429231729274279, 0.005153167891843492, -0.09440381042883698, -0.3023094318986657, -0.17853467486215285, -0.17940008752847494, 0.10365698181660088, 0.054246082415079125, -0.14786080590797118, 0.3410602420686284, 0.16169707818203663, 0.15164562651371383, -0.019003259573490864, 0.2523729580016919, 0.07903582675674234, 0.06541100135409689, 0.06102132241252855, 0.2553250356072403, 0.15886196249209525, 0.1449270790599915, -0.18699283270496336, 0.0407072759558817, 0.01515318606475211]
706.2849
The coupling of the X$^{1}\Sigma ^{+}$ and a$^{3}\Sigma ^{+}$ states of KRb
A comprehensive study of the electronic states at the 4s+5s asymptote in KRb is presented. Abundant spectroscopic data on the \astate state were collected by Fourier-transform spectroscopy which allow to determine an accurate experimental potential energy curve up to 14.8 \AA . The existing data set (C. Amiot et al. J. Chem. Phys. 112, 7068 (2000)) on the ground state \Xstate was extended by several additional levels lying close to the atomic asymptote. In a coupled channels fitting routine complete molecular potentials for both electronic states were fitted. Along with the line frequencies of the molecular transitions, recently published positions of Feshbach resonances in $^{40}$K and $^{87}$Rb mixtures (F. Ferlaino et al. Phys. Rev. A 74, 039903 (2006)) were included in the fit. This makes the derived potential curves capable for an accurate description of observed cold collision features so far. Predictions of scattering lengths and Feshbach resonances in other isotopic combinations are reported.
physics.atom-ph
a comprehensive study of the electronic states at the 4s5s asymptote in krb is presented abundant spectroscopic data on the astate state were collected by fouriertransform spectroscopy which allow to determine an accurate experimental potential energy curve up to 148 aa the existing data set c amiot et al j chem phys 112 7068 2000 on the ground state xstate was extended by several additional levels lying close to the atomic asymptote in a coupled channels fitting routine complete molecular potentials for both electronic states were fitted along with the line frequencies of the molecular transitions recently published positions of feshbach resonances in 40k and 87rb mixtures f ferlaino et al phys rev a 74 039903 2006 were included in the fit this makes the derived potential curves capable for an accurate description of observed cold collision features so far predictions of scattering lengths and feshbach resonances in other isotopic combinations are reported
[['a', 'comprehensive', 'study', 'of', 'the', 'electronic', 'states', 'at', 'the', '4s5s', 'asymptote', 'in', 'krb', 'is', 'presented', 'abundant', 'spectroscopic', 'data', 'on', 'the', 'astate', 'state', 'were', 'collected', 'by', 'fouriertransform', 'spectroscopy', 'which', 'allow', 'to', 'determine', 'an', 'accurate', 'experimental', 'potential', 'energy', 'curve', 'up', 'to', '148', 'aa', 'the', 'existing', 'data', 'set', 'c', 'amiot', 'et', 'al', 'j', 'chem', 'phys', '112', '7068', '2000', 'on', 'the', 'ground', 'state', 'xstate', 'was', 'extended', 'by', 'several', 'additional', 'levels', 'lying', 'close', 'to', 'the', 'atomic', 'asymptote', 'in', 'a', 'coupled', 'channels', 'fitting', 'routine', 'complete', 'molecular', 'potentials', 'for', 'both', 'electronic', 'states', 'were', 'fitted', 'along', 'with', 'the', 'line', 'frequencies', 'of', 'the', 'molecular', 'transitions', 'recently', 'published', 'positions', 'of', 'feshbach', 'resonances', 'in', '40k', 'and', '87rb', 'mixtures', 'f', 'ferlaino', 'et', 'al', 'phys', 'rev', 'a', '74', '039903', '2006', 'were', 'included', 'in', 'the', 'fit', 'this', 'makes', 'the', 'derived', 'potential', 'curves', 'capable', 'for', 'an', 'accurate', 'description', 'of', 'observed', 'cold', 'collision', 'features', 'so', 'far', 'predictions', 'of', 'scattering', 'lengths', 'and', 'feshbach', 'resonances', 'in', 'other', 'isotopic', 'combinations', 'are', 'reported']]
[-0.07695444592981031, 0.10238135528095198, -0.02270225190476283, -0.007999583960029503, -0.015865802621131374, -0.13584064410361868, 0.09058658278628484, 0.3882631068149169, -0.14096442621979463, -0.34931266516714277, -0.02703332336191338, -0.33080774084071085, -0.03296852200885847, 0.18265257218767475, 0.013162106606834287, 0.09159154652996027, 0.0774967491942389, -0.03114668057525168, -0.014082258189059544, -0.22866212747578554, 0.21320300363629258, 0.10614281036147236, 0.260215400017512, 0.047600865042174624, 0.01917043613307428, -0.0022030757230725264, -0.00608284407351541, -0.07719731530887168, -0.21115079007092738, 0.09716085856389754, 0.2718800775247357, 0.04172536154862043, 0.16469219188251213, -0.388467065602441, -0.22646647033003478, 0.053289728001660146, 0.10807041862617003, 0.15478046559541167, 0.01658515033199633, -0.34683788612784955, -0.03022179378027834, -0.1394031501981436, -0.16102300400551933, -0.13763423218085563, 0.11375499418592894, 0.02751131516712524, -0.2771404690621733, 0.1041642779456264, -0.03873623259390561, 0.15238355774582432, -0.10295459868123867, -0.18969959743483455, -0.03389105458443847, 0.01995393402261922, -0.10774763585099538, 0.06091814006885026, 0.12583962961681336, -0.03503196031611488, -0.08821316655637734, 0.3387458401313364, -0.08426331202249548, -0.06341151191990498, 0.2498009486105168, -0.09948252516036116, -0.10947863857930638, 0.22192869347913954, 0.11808347914855452, 0.11655899306334205, -0.18078753136835943, 0.088643996059057, -0.04904291675669835, 0.1696643820219992, 0.11629771740619568, 0.020528940543307353, 0.1876035045594877, 0.06515850176278427, -0.08126581618374826, 0.0971875945024111, -0.16027807405893535, -0.09454052478634446, -0.2339264003625577, -0.11317574334133185, -0.1777068396273144, 0.028016591686817922, 0.061799009921437054, -0.09585217373045599, 0.3874278997427365, 0.08566015342487984, 0.27316451518977647, -0.05643058997413281, 0.23406108734572945, 0.06188574849228271, 0.026130158167438668, 0.10273163300241975, 0.29492102716518126, 0.16764292727426108, 0.08163814780758631, -0.2512810649881577, 0.010384492079208562, -0.001688312901646499]
706.285
Complete wetting transitions of nematic liquid crystals on a structured substrate
In this article, we generalize Wenzel law, which assigns an effective contact angle for a droplet on a rough substrate, when the wetting layer has an ordered phase, like a nematic. We estimate the conditions for which the wetting behavior of an ordered fluid can be qualitatively different from the one usually found in a simple fluid. To particularize our general considerations, we will use the Landau-de Gennes mean field approach to investigate theoretically and numerically the complete wetting transition between a nematic liquid crystal and a saw-shaped structured substrate.
cond-mat.other
in this article we generalize wenzel law which assigns an effective contact angle for a droplet on a rough substrate when the wetting layer has an ordered phase like a nematic we estimate the conditions for which the wetting behavior of an ordered fluid can be qualitatively different from the one usually found in a simple fluid to particularize our general considerations we will use the landaude gennes mean field approach to investigate theoretically and numerically the complete wetting transition between a nematic liquid crystal and a sawshaped structured substrate
[['in', 'this', 'article', 'we', 'generalize', 'wenzel', 'law', 'which', 'assigns', 'an', 'effective', 'contact', 'angle', 'for', 'a', 'droplet', 'on', 'a', 'rough', 'substrate', 'when', 'the', 'wetting', 'layer', 'has', 'an', 'ordered', 'phase', 'like', 'a', 'nematic', 'we', 'estimate', 'the', 'conditions', 'for', 'which', 'the', 'wetting', 'behavior', 'of', 'an', 'ordered', 'fluid', 'can', 'be', 'qualitatively', 'different', 'from', 'the', 'one', 'usually', 'found', 'in', 'a', 'simple', 'fluid', 'to', 'particularize', 'our', 'general', 'considerations', 'we', 'will', 'use', 'the', 'landaude', 'gennes', 'mean', 'field', 'approach', 'to', 'investigate', 'theoretically', 'and', 'numerically', 'the', 'complete', 'wetting', 'transition', 'between', 'a', 'nematic', 'liquid', 'crystal', 'and', 'a', 'sawshaped', 'structured', 'substrate']]
[-0.095517089266037, 0.20497691659488992, -0.16916677281862189, 0.02351935801038707, -0.08149097656067252, -0.15733452654035573, 0.04163379318426164, 0.37967150375833003, -0.2767283333193385, -0.2731291758252329, 0.041465575887894866, -0.255932183224666, -0.19374380247429368, 0.1112614767102713, -0.05184458809371075, 0.037220972265755194, -0.057764460896455753, -0.008761310311599393, -0.10331044027979454, -0.18231884553358796, 0.3137939039701491, -0.02426512837619259, 0.31741822767333033, 0.08863392667557124, 0.09117761439005478, 0.00416669315459688, 0.12392078215005191, 0.10410265130608269, -0.29249695113996105, 0.0342057703554714, 0.24694926951216598, -0.09005563911783059, 0.20288492582236115, -0.47154699977529185, -0.2258573468523414, 0.02036545633631392, 0.11076286137221758, 0.17622528202946852, -0.03474568622317584, -0.27844120157108215, 0.019526549028965196, -0.16164439573643333, -0.14826046471389825, -0.06251444521077563, -0.023049637312959, -0.01088405735666466, -0.25837607622104747, 0.04884393457643782, 0.0744166998506597, 0.06809640035368084, -0.08505585850896628, -0.04361055157895545, -0.03925275699489912, 0.08737884336733259, 0.032466621378834326, 0.027309096533428417, 0.16771455740639835, -0.1289151070215687, -0.05269742090506165, 0.3904301995474301, -0.043759865775243954, -0.21848829000602277, 0.1810267437563351, -0.10371866331728741, -0.0603185736657947, 0.18051306677333426, 0.16444283059282813, 0.13606487861692218, -0.13467204015982584, 0.01672944341644938, -0.07614224714886271, 0.2009058173934228, 0.05108684827730562, -0.10936215595444246, 0.22939974676524655, 0.23212671673103247, 0.07026756613442067, 0.17928203271592058, -0.08575612486319177, -0.12236107708467694, -0.29491382441745045, -0.20454679383488183, -0.19188194313567927, 0.019858969291776753, -0.11130037627495522, -0.22980772703362817, 0.3600581297650933, 0.12588156330179465, 0.16044843362204814, 0.044546745251864195, 0.2351008716689781, 0.05550689405756427, -0.03998710604363613, 0.03321021408616994, 0.2723791076895896, 0.14149735008858227, 0.1254685848396732, -0.221511579607875, 0.0845081500363735, 0.058518471813687446]
706.2851
Group Representations and High-Resolution Central Limit Theorems for Subordinated Spherical Random Fields
We study the weak convergence (in the high-frequency limit) of the frequency components associated with Gaussian-subordinated, spherical and isotropic random fields. In particular, we provide conditions for asymptotic Gaussianity and we establish a new connection with random walks on the the dual of SO(3), which mirrors analogous results previously established for fields defined on Abelian groups (see Marinucci and Peccati (2007)). Our work is motivated by applications to cosmological data analysis, and specifically by the probabilistic modelling and the statistical analysis of the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation, which is currently at the frontier of physical research. To obtain our main results, we prove several fine estimates involving convolutions of the so-called Clebsch-Gordan coefficients (which are elements of unitary matrices connecting reducible representations of SO(3)); this allows to intepret most of our asymptotic conditions in terms of coupling of angular momenta in a quantum mechanical system. Part of the proofs are based on recently established criteria for the weak convergence of multiple Wiener-It\^o integrals.
math.PR
we study the weak convergence in the highfrequency limit of the frequency components associated with gaussiansubordinated spherical and isotropic random fields in particular we provide conditions for asymptotic gaussianity and we establish a new connection with random walks on the the dual of so3 which mirrors analogous results previously established for fields defined on abelian groups see marinucci and peccati 2007 our work is motivated by applications to cosmological data analysis and specifically by the probabilistic modelling and the statistical analysis of the cosmic microwave background radiation which is currently at the frontier of physical research to obtain our main results we prove several fine estimates involving convolutions of the socalled clebschgordan coefficients which are elements of unitary matrices connecting reducible representations of so3 this allows to intepret most of our asymptotic conditions in terms of coupling of angular momenta in a quantum mechanical system part of the proofs are based on recently established criteria for the weak convergence of multiple wienerito integrals
[['we', 'study', 'the', 'weak', 'convergence', 'in', 'the', 'highfrequency', 'limit', 'of', 'the', 'frequency', 'components', 'associated', 'with', 'gaussiansubordinated', 'spherical', 'and', 'isotropic', 'random', 'fields', 'in', 'particular', 'we', 'provide', 'conditions', 'for', 'asymptotic', 'gaussianity', 'and', 'we', 'establish', 'a', 'new', 'connection', 'with', 'random', 'walks', 'on', 'the', 'the', 'dual', 'of', 'so3', 'which', 'mirrors', 'analogous', 'results', 'previously', 'established', 'for', 'fields', 'defined', 'on', 'abelian', 'groups', 'see', 'marinucci', 'and', 'peccati', '2007', 'our', 'work', 'is', 'motivated', 'by', 'applications', 'to', 'cosmological', 'data', 'analysis', 'and', 'specifically', 'by', 'the', 'probabilistic', 'modelling', 'and', 'the', 'statistical', 'analysis', 'of', 'the', 'cosmic', 'microwave', 'background', 'radiation', 'which', 'is', 'currently', 'at', 'the', 'frontier', 'of', 'physical', 'research', 'to', 'obtain', 'our', 'main', 'results', 'we', 'prove', 'several', 'fine', 'estimates', 'involving', 'convolutions', 'of', 'the', 'socalled', 'clebschgordan', 'coefficients', 'which', 'are', 'elements', 'of', 'unitary', 'matrices', 'connecting', 'reducible', 'representations', 'of', 'so3', 'this', 'allows', 'to', 'intepret', 'most', 'of', 'our', 'asymptotic', 'conditions', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'coupling', 'of', 'angular', 'momenta', 'in', 'a', 'quantum', 'mechanical', 'system', 'part', 'of', 'the', 'proofs', 'are', 'based', 'on', 'recently', 'established', 'criteria', 'for', 'the', 'weak', 'convergence', 'of', 'multiple', 'wienerito', 'integrals']]
[-0.1290933994535374, 0.09791538818382922, -0.09270924974784807, 0.058238593244172035, -0.07821937306370172, -0.0668083175809847, 0.01663515423740732, 0.34274393494562877, -0.227094895172617, -0.2550232761890202, 0.12748821945516048, -0.2337201660353278, -0.1480617455356283, 0.23964197463126002, -0.04789249242655645, 0.062426418959979475, 0.035106585785404515, 0.017367745294231334, -0.07217961719495325, -0.24858555817303973, 0.346430424094936, 0.05094015730737513, 0.2856044312162946, 0.016972322341767543, 0.11478405322428265, 0.017584871484921025, -0.09656362251068155, -0.03413480591534832, -0.13842695961953544, 0.1486506125414356, 0.23199861006880249, 0.05860451856530329, 0.23032111351458748, -0.4002197324815724, -0.18430651858288014, 0.10774579828455584, 0.10907837759019279, 0.08652062631962407, -0.029985898272795488, -0.3130282536034047, 0.06480061760126257, -0.12182556173511218, -0.1498749049000994, -0.09980279168568229, -0.006504347777844947, 0.07337640913887478, -0.2983766495204174, 0.07397182094347146, 0.10181939525581482, 0.08050903297362873, -0.052828975564751336, -0.10790705128593002, 0.0275954878874652, 0.11161333348107651, 0.0696117872412512, -0.01802650126369877, 0.08766336901469823, -0.10872239198242487, -0.13438739785479015, 0.3431820641444237, -0.06189565379301914, -0.1919419904653397, 0.20396685240543044, -0.16312348452845105, -0.1922965726332256, 0.07492534036426172, 0.15861056846807953, 0.11114259645842982, -0.14752187909498052, 0.13151896696496054, -0.049028406770508966, 0.09228346889398785, 0.09435460560115767, 0.05568303226458805, 0.15660516187450907, 0.0880614048499545, 0.057748621624610946, 0.14799227740365528, -0.04032571766314235, -0.10008514872579663, -0.33002304065186405, -0.15046742687254777, -0.17444361914610376, 0.06575212324466441, -0.13806117751395236, -0.17915340137731192, 0.390725746302417, 0.1393659208142371, 0.1669453768617255, 0.08294786497401534, 0.26432104780695137, 0.11163215070638093, 0.018463536209108296, 0.056365559453915026, 0.24261579591167207, 0.22774006833644284, 0.06514810985471639, -0.17884604993023345, 0.0015602529704294823, 0.11825203784614985]
706.2852
The K\"ahler-Ricci flow with positive bisectional curvature
We show that the K\"ahler-Ricci flow on a manifold with positive first Chern class converges to a K\"ahler-Einstein metric assuming positive bisectional curvature and certain stability conditions.
math.DG
we show that the kahlerricci flow on a manifold with positive first chern class converges to a kahlereinstein metric assuming positive bisectional curvature and certain stability conditions
[['we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'kahlerricci', 'flow', 'on', 'a', 'manifold', 'with', 'positive', 'first', 'chern', 'class', 'converges', 'to', 'a', 'kahlereinstein', 'metric', 'assuming', 'positive', 'bisectional', 'curvature', 'and', 'certain', 'stability', 'conditions']]
[-0.31394532585033663, 0.03805214814255359, -0.11377136154031312, 0.04869236507349544, -0.12639036559913722, -0.23318846627242035, -0.08056122823445885, 0.393128473173689, -0.237699325920807, -0.12290091854002741, 0.1328984303486154, -0.29116932316510763, -0.23860236685033198, 0.12029085749829257, -0.14195788106708615, 0.09652392028106584, 0.1252942746160207, 0.10719866809193734, -0.11347522803030356, -0.2928690836695885, 0.5715841485394372, -0.04531282386570065, 0.290039232759564, 0.19746228445459296, 0.20088228193560131, -0.19270819906766215, 0.1287332825983564, 0.116704398283252, -0.2548483997269176, 0.03685399000015524, 0.15430480947166128, 0.04570525624202909, 0.2811997964012402, -0.29591548608409035, -0.24538616584268985, 0.2431690132038461, 0.035077654791099054, -0.015378016392113987, -0.07180574990343302, -0.34261673757875405, 0.19209832544611008, -0.05461631449698298, -0.18517544344757442, -0.15315254015365132, -0.054676909965497476, 0.015788222171573177, -0.27654751424712165, 0.0066545067906931595, 0.12128392048180103, 0.004414312438004547, -0.14855954420097447, -0.07356048187378932, -0.14319412796585648, 0.0223859924202164, 0.11606427026843583, 0.05829858221976018, 0.10859570591882975, -0.043719902979554956, -0.040937543381005526, 0.2827664775153001, -0.28982586896529905, -0.35136255504632435, 0.03037074222056954, -0.1617068505535523, -0.12054782095192759, 0.1507493348585235, 0.17202775345908272, 0.27729727562378953, 0.08110665554111754, 0.0785726470575254, -0.0828206634355916, 0.11425976869132784, 0.1373281218111515, -0.05966792847202332, 0.15161198967446884, 0.07374497308154349, 0.33145121157307317, 0.09501142941277337, -0.002044577591328157, -0.10710019801087954, -0.39261804631462804, -0.26579114211792193, -0.18319904956000824, 0.33167256925393035, -0.17465097244982003, -0.20308225484633888, 0.4136677664463167, -0.06227189940572889, 0.24878006652687434, 0.2754305291024071, 0.2111301855356605, 0.00955572941650947, -0.06119808637433582, 0.18530118589599928, 0.20358157613211209, 0.22219558508583792, 0.1344607997927125, -0.15400750124482093, -0.025651321297994367, 0.16506092160664224]
706.2853
A spin based heat engine: demonstration of multiple rounds of algorithmic cooling
We show experimental results demonstrating multiple rounds of heat-bath algorithmic cooling in a 3 qubit solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance quantum information processor. By dynamically pumping entropy out of the system of interest and into the heat-bath, we are able show purification of a single qubit to a polarization 1.69 times that of the heat-bath and thus go beyond the Shannon bound for closed system cooling. The cooling algorithm implemented requires both high fidelity coherent control and a deliberate controlled interaction with the environment. We discuss the improvements in control that allowed this demonstration. This experimental work shows that given this level of quantum control in systems with sufficiently large polarizations, nearly pure qubits should be achievable.
quant-ph
we show experimental results demonstrating multiple rounds of heatbath algorithmic cooling in a 3 qubit solidstate nuclear magnetic resonance quantum information processor by dynamically pumping entropy out of the system of interest and into the heatbath we are able show purification of a single qubit to a polarization 169 times that of the heatbath and thus go beyond the shannon bound for closed system cooling the cooling algorithm implemented requires both high fidelity coherent control and a deliberate controlled interaction with the environment we discuss the improvements in control that allowed this demonstration this experimental work shows that given this level of quantum control in systems with sufficiently large polarizations nearly pure qubits should be achievable
[['we', 'show', 'experimental', 'results', 'demonstrating', 'multiple', 'rounds', 'of', 'heatbath', 'algorithmic', 'cooling', 'in', 'a', '3', 'qubit', 'solidstate', 'nuclear', 'magnetic', 'resonance', 'quantum', 'information', 'processor', 'by', 'dynamically', 'pumping', 'entropy', 'out', 'of', 'the', 'system', 'of', 'interest', 'and', 'into', 'the', 'heatbath', 'we', 'are', 'able', 'show', 'purification', 'of', 'a', 'single', 'qubit', 'to', 'a', 'polarization', '169', 'times', 'that', 'of', 'the', 'heatbath', 'and', 'thus', 'go', 'beyond', 'the', 'shannon', 'bound', 'for', 'closed', 'system', 'cooling', 'the', 'cooling', 'algorithm', 'implemented', 'requires', 'both', 'high', 'fidelity', 'coherent', 'control', 'and', 'a', 'deliberate', 'controlled', 'interaction', 'with', 'the', 'environment', 'we', 'discuss', 'the', 'improvements', 'in', 'control', 'that', 'allowed', 'this', 'demonstration', 'this', 'experimental', 'work', 'shows', 'that', 'given', 'this', 'level', 'of', 'quantum', 'control', 'in', 'systems', 'with', 'sufficiently', 'large', 'polarizations', 'nearly', 'pure', 'qubits', 'should', 'be', 'achievable']]
[-0.1423571073984053, 0.19099062019236515, -0.0412080919205468, -0.009016005671583116, 0.044444203505228305, -0.2095614472275664, 0.11571133862940017, 0.3883713501794585, -0.2459886909807743, -0.31345643016011937, 0.06929989484769035, -0.22451236213412906, -0.06694193910967944, 0.2453586795238842, -0.04312083103035673, 0.08871639060039185, 0.08407985457070653, 0.025779083848866666, -0.0624494056976581, -0.2559335707718956, 0.23578939617587383, 0.05011479695255322, 0.27640944916016325, 0.07379043081389933, 0.11036532007334433, 0.01582356229231789, 0.05542389737393964, -0.021428540613951868, -0.10642830550361772, 0.09565564992452233, 0.2646679502900826, 0.12752366212100305, 0.26194454896703345, -0.4599153291080789, -0.19524407399424898, 0.07665032618036814, 0.1450023509259436, 0.19817891992339542, -0.07661250036948457, -0.2718128462257827, 0.024103887431355643, -0.201865078357514, -0.07344506197641122, -0.12240274146937861, -0.027730290452821243, -0.019308728792158694, -0.2896772212156191, 0.02325241469200058, 0.10051411513142802, 0.04661682764357277, -0.04451781614274108, -0.052843415377067465, 0.03955263189433528, 0.11966003338677873, -0.06357996215981608, 0.03730370895962175, 0.2241013852903491, -0.11089547903373323, -0.1774789214953138, 0.31957312676541766, -0.06814152014578276, -0.13836054743171253, 0.16654238119472525, -0.1569330911392924, -0.11289059562640714, 0.10658899509620949, 0.13431260149307742, 0.09822049272519633, -0.1400478544267665, 0.05077053138992251, 0.021466187289755405, 0.233810955333395, 0.026225312335962623, 0.09900825763129276, 0.175085293072886, 0.18213862981165535, 0.09611650182191155, 0.20038757002450816, -0.06517421033088888, -0.15187412652323537, -0.2780567159166696, -0.1683405746373645, -0.18098232406191528, 0.08957995175271584, -0.07915705720984863, -0.0774234125196456, 0.36728763329828606, 0.18051289423099912, 0.1549749061312719, 0.025112940692608766, 0.3473588181820152, 0.09431098487452957, 0.05266441740015329, 0.09282683130305518, 0.2644744061118249, 0.13823296170047453, 0.06400327491854992, -0.31561964470893145, 0.01562493580322239, -0.05157366094725399]
706.2854
A Polynomial Invariant Of Twisted Graph Diagrams
Twisted graph diagrams are virtual graph diagrams with bars on edges. A bijection between abstract graph diagrams and twisted graph diagrams is constructed. Then a polynomial invariant of Yamada-type is developed which provides a lower bound for the virtual crossing number of virtual graph diagrams.
math.GT math.CO
twisted graph diagrams are virtual graph diagrams with bars on edges a bijection between abstract graph diagrams and twisted graph diagrams is constructed then a polynomial invariant of yamadatype is developed which provides a lower bound for the virtual crossing number of virtual graph diagrams
[['twisted', 'graph', 'diagrams', 'are', 'virtual', 'graph', 'diagrams', 'with', 'bars', 'on', 'edges', 'a', 'bijection', 'between', 'abstract', 'graph', 'diagrams', 'and', 'twisted', 'graph', 'diagrams', 'is', 'constructed', 'then', 'a', 'polynomial', 'invariant', 'of', 'yamadatype', 'is', 'developed', 'which', 'provides', 'a', 'lower', 'bound', 'for', 'the', 'virtual', 'crossing', 'number', 'of', 'virtual', 'graph', 'diagrams']]
[-0.24690305155871267, 0.20935168927958744, -0.12923662226901136, 0.1658819957096553, -0.18124505983326922, -0.1054732598554851, 0.11148940009826963, 0.40693269441412255, -0.25526409020478075, -0.37898336009080097, -0.002837507223541086, -0.24894145783036947, -0.2015852099496194, 0.14417052108117126, -0.09239355702249502, -0.008394903786459261, 0.1475258608962494, 0.06115129128606482, -0.0355125285462815, -0.19477891855918147, 0.3671584047207778, -0.12119167350994592, 0.20177406872707335, 0.07093617265028032, 0.05093995871191675, 0.06387595541309565, -0.07655345199798996, 0.06038170951333913, -0.19216459509069947, 0.13165646787224847, 0.24775076632133938, 0.09352697033054111, 0.08659358754415404, -0.358023841526698, -0.0588753419843587, 0.13160796732303093, 0.17967102497773754, 0.02027169471892359, 0.03281985092855228, -0.27382287764075125, 0.1308173892215233, -0.17082995100116188, -0.07074540036476472, 0.008281264848350971, 0.06875555445863442, -0.04475559552454136, -0.24901398199356414, -0.1332755245014348, -0.004418898738963021, 0.12172162589426576, 0.11042321273337373, -0.11741258660119704, -0.11682067697190425, 0.160205190196972, -0.17259780686899004, 0.10838186595885252, 0.07807321229483932, -0.17389993782324548, -0.22439067090057174, 0.32369671507992526, -0.006680971138517965, -0.1983254553580826, 0.11636195951988074, -0.06112582300027663, -0.1966203266691247, 0.1990436713041907, 0.0858925416091965, 0.05264951991425319, -0.09229212796609235, 0.14535038528662303, -0.11541746251962402, 0.05047586644915017, 0.10337149261877956, -0.02901875583285635, 0.12960530385713687, 0.09278682792897928, 0.0871795855504884, 0.2909016419540752, 0.04665786331117323, -0.10209764040667903, -0.3014427716420455, -0.155242190925161, -0.17003288967746563, -0.025386279676405884, -0.22172105549378268, -0.3304582296828316, 0.37685062042014167, -0.020759280876849185, 0.17892415852706603, 0.11418823567906987, 0.3111215821382674, 0.11405529379209672, 0.08981102887033061, 0.11303898467766968, 0.061693086796863514, 0.21190131074664267, -0.031070000523785977, -0.09640470355754421, 0.027458476558835668, 0.2980278753252192]
706.2855
Crystalline phase of strongly interacting Fermi mixtures
We show that the system of weakly bound molecules of heavy and light fermionic atoms is characterized by a long-range intermolecular repulsion and can undergo a gas-crystal quantum transition if the mass ratio exceeds a critical value. For the critical mass ratio above 100 obtained in our calculations, this crystalline order can be observed as a superlattice in an optical lattice for heavy atoms with a small filling factor. We also find that this novel system is sufficiently stable with respect to molecular relaxation into deep bound states and to the process of trimer formation.
cond-mat.stat-mech
we show that the system of weakly bound molecules of heavy and light fermionic atoms is characterized by a longrange intermolecular repulsion and can undergo a gascrystal quantum transition if the mass ratio exceeds a critical value for the critical mass ratio above 100 obtained in our calculations this crystalline order can be observed as a superlattice in an optical lattice for heavy atoms with a small filling factor we also find that this novel system is sufficiently stable with respect to molecular relaxation into deep bound states and to the process of trimer formation
[['we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'system', 'of', 'weakly', 'bound', 'molecules', 'of', 'heavy', 'and', 'light', 'fermionic', 'atoms', 'is', 'characterized', 'by', 'a', 'longrange', 'intermolecular', 'repulsion', 'and', 'can', 'undergo', 'a', 'gascrystal', 'quantum', 'transition', 'if', 'the', 'mass', 'ratio', 'exceeds', 'a', 'critical', 'value', 'for', 'the', 'critical', 'mass', 'ratio', 'above', '100', 'obtained', 'in', 'our', 'calculations', 'this', 'crystalline', 'order', 'can', 'be', 'observed', 'as', 'a', 'superlattice', 'in', 'an', 'optical', 'lattice', 'for', 'heavy', 'atoms', 'with', 'a', 'small', 'filling', 'factor', 'we', 'also', 'find', 'that', 'this', 'novel', 'system', 'is', 'sufficiently', 'stable', 'with', 'respect', 'to', 'molecular', 'relaxation', 'into', 'deep', 'bound', 'states', 'and', 'to', 'the', 'process', 'of', 'trimer', 'formation']]
[-0.14185357442321747, 0.2651818101014023, -0.04306364905971446, 0.02741521820741917, 0.04954528740950321, -0.1522260247484634, 0.09552446061647252, 0.3714141850408755, -0.2509552339582067, -0.2914945293199516, 0.010914869594240659, -0.288764445817, -0.11116696810839992, 0.1383432483668194, 0.04597241231485417, 0.01906346116999262, 0.045015949961778365, 0.020035862425146135, -0.07851243215662083, -0.22697214802825136, 0.3045975665512838, 0.03890495877314702, 0.23011917172882118, 0.14716982465041312, 0.0505738003130414, -0.027624431835781588, 0.15218541679266645, 0.005151043685251161, -0.15512337266593118, 0.09332796160413541, 0.19784944345684427, -0.008557369099243692, 0.2127012246533444, -0.3933154140452021, -0.1830511908684122, 0.08817402780497152, 0.17934894016943873, 0.1487936843480719, -0.06551323042030593, -0.2672537889723715, 0.07147542496554946, -0.16693146671168507, -0.15186999225498815, -0.0953631189088092, 0.03191063958955438, 0.014183861576020718, -0.3040868230262085, 0.10141651755609353, 0.0432237126619408, 0.028763040745137625, -0.09324551305770384, -0.10225840393993023, -0.027547442591994216, 0.04322025126434471, 0.005787293014643518, 0.05912943304467358, 0.1676464266388824, -0.14932104867735976, -0.06177202742853153, 0.411111128585119, -0.12370874913973047, -0.1152853795768399, 0.19304460905688373, -0.15310118847869728, -0.10418201435945536, 0.18258427282501208, 0.1588372977695575, 0.09325599611589783, -0.10640711245176039, 0.03027913340943326, -0.04836241265170668, 0.23299933240601892, 0.048043510798168806, 0.06079732880094334, 0.250797957515246, 0.20590704272648222, 0.07091444820949906, 0.1470148211626924, -0.09908345528207352, -0.10009364569069523, -0.23155314147619432, -0.1704246884861373, -0.22617554565352438, 0.06254061453877703, -0.07538170121858313, -0.1495959351329427, 0.3199197121552731, 0.08865165123715997, 0.2449698174764451, 0.006237554194797811, 0.2343743151592973, 0.16063099318723145, 0.08175247044939744, 0.05375837675834957, 0.2758603320702126, 0.11749081118277421, 0.035282762583933376, -0.2586044259467407, 0.0395386526116023, 0.03465621834375748]
706.2856
Valley polarization effects on the localization in graphene Landau levels
Effects of disorder and valley polarization in graphene are investigated in the quantum Hall regime. We find anomalous localization properties for the lowest Landau level (LL), where disorder can induce wavefunction delocalization (instead of localization), both for white-noise and gaussian-correlated disorder. We quantitatively identify the contribution of each sublattice to wavefunction amplitudes. Following the valley (sublattice) polarization of states within LLs for increasing disorder we show: (i) valley mixing in the lowest LL is the main effect behind the observed anomalous localization properties, (ii) the polarization suppression with increasing disorder depends on the localization for the white-noise model, while, (iii) the disorder induces a partial polarization in the higher Landau levels for both disorder models.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.dis-nn
effects of disorder and valley polarization in graphene are investigated in the quantum hall regime we find anomalous localization properties for the lowest landau level ll where disorder can induce wavefunction delocalization instead of localization both for whitenoise and gaussiancorrelated disorder we quantitatively identify the contribution of each sublattice to wavefunction amplitudes following the valley sublattice polarization of states within lls for increasing disorder we show i valley mixing in the lowest ll is the main effect behind the observed anomalous localization properties ii the polarization suppression with increasing disorder depends on the localization for the whitenoise model while iii the disorder induces a partial polarization in the higher landau levels for both disorder models
[['effects', 'of', 'disorder', 'and', 'valley', 'polarization', 'in', 'graphene', 'are', 'investigated', 'in', 'the', 'quantum', 'hall', 'regime', 'we', 'find', 'anomalous', 'localization', 'properties', 'for', 'the', 'lowest', 'landau', 'level', 'll', 'where', 'disorder', 'can', 'induce', 'wavefunction', 'delocalization', 'instead', 'of', 'localization', 'both', 'for', 'whitenoise', 'and', 'gaussiancorrelated', 'disorder', 'we', 'quantitatively', 'identify', 'the', 'contribution', 'of', 'each', 'sublattice', 'to', 'wavefunction', 'amplitudes', 'following', 'the', 'valley', 'sublattice', 'polarization', 'of', 'states', 'within', 'lls', 'for', 'increasing', 'disorder', 'we', 'show', 'i', 'valley', 'mixing', 'in', 'the', 'lowest', 'll', 'is', 'the', 'main', 'effect', 'behind', 'the', 'observed', 'anomalous', 'localization', 'properties', 'ii', 'the', 'polarization', 'suppression', 'with', 'increasing', 'disorder', 'depends', 'on', 'the', 'localization', 'for', 'the', 'whitenoise', 'model', 'while', 'iii', 'the', 'disorder', 'induces', 'a', 'partial', 'polarization', 'in', 'the', 'higher', 'landau', 'levels', 'for', 'both', 'disorder', 'models']]
[-0.16934348652629475, 0.2524731831886528, -0.003015565023177483, 0.09706545957025108, 0.049483972834423184, -0.15700516281567775, 0.06607725854611776, 0.36065294401589454, -0.24953153773554063, -0.2407424115461477, -0.03169697011298124, -0.3170311109473308, -0.15820077705817917, 0.08370501292959313, 0.03674449103173653, -0.03054493898525834, -0.05545187596509462, -0.06298975615451734, -0.060348997954605965, -0.1849021792836618, 0.3170912433905821, 0.007720021280795009, 0.3562151998150767, 0.12888582707627824, 0.037969775881879685, 0.04654287292393284, 0.055548239666805194, 0.02689918604466999, -0.07092074798256681, -0.0026089599332567957, 0.18092625640607016, -0.08802191056556215, 0.23131249113041058, -0.4014328981079815, -0.18287139476671113, 0.011302168517814655, 0.17075555923133434, 0.2275258995318916, -0.01643397983085985, -0.312170544100043, 0.04610026750321451, -0.12047332008941132, -0.14776686438473693, -0.043581351646009764, 0.03217414723251734, -0.03272572743120244, -0.2644251963744561, 0.15883415919450813, 0.06924600089213957, 0.08646673734683805, -0.07714514157698049, -0.12186873572666132, -0.1134767595253754, 0.13025731469398333, 0.061805411579961514, -0.003889771810224231, 0.13685613640649408, -0.21201972160978536, -0.13746192693922735, 0.3722321594995855, -0.09240083009507016, -0.16575443450353322, 0.1547719928958829, -0.2885692350509201, -0.14488210457197406, 0.1545761120097156, 0.11980214132314645, 0.04583676561729558, -0.062135673017780245, 0.1043948940595759, 0.06071666679998631, 0.1499047456023267, 0.00141542733099573, 0.16111411270277018, 0.19248057836503313, 0.16104470267728493, 0.0626615526873553, 0.1317260855596447, -0.17467374601932406, -0.05255536965641863, -0.26879883222608714, -0.11049084220767806, -0.20960737330218157, 0.06852543058898607, -0.08268998992494553, -0.18985148960021897, 0.47311599206244737, 0.21200953203808973, 0.17651725262648574, 0.019834992980274063, 0.21319169300330573, 0.19914247347971245, 0.0372526105738392, 0.005410428350922047, 0.255767763888447, 0.1433087767044638, 0.04661772808411338, -0.35555994604191365, 0.08489314746111631, 0.019954636648068565]
706.2857
On Microscopic Origin of Integrability in Seiberg-Witten Theory
We discuss microscopic origin of integrability in Seiberg-Witten theory, following mostly the results of hep-th/0612019, as well as present their certain extension and consider several explicit examples. In particular, we discuss in more detail the theory with the only switched on higher perturbation in the ultraviolet, where extra explicit formulas are obtained using bosonization and elliptic uniformization of the spectral curve.
hep-th
we discuss microscopic origin of integrability in seibergwitten theory following mostly the results of hepth0612019 as well as present their certain extension and consider several explicit examples in particular we discuss in more detail the theory with the only switched on higher perturbation in the ultraviolet where extra explicit formulas are obtained using bosonization and elliptic uniformization of the spectral curve
[['we', 'discuss', 'microscopic', 'origin', 'of', 'integrability', 'in', 'seibergwitten', 'theory', 'following', 'mostly', 'the', 'results', 'of', 'hepth0612019', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'present', 'their', 'certain', 'extension', 'and', 'consider', 'several', 'explicit', 'examples', 'in', 'particular', 'we', 'discuss', 'in', 'more', 'detail', 'the', 'theory', 'with', 'the', 'only', 'switched', 'on', 'higher', 'perturbation', 'in', 'the', 'ultraviolet', 'where', 'extra', 'explicit', 'formulas', 'are', 'obtained', 'using', 'bosonization', 'and', 'elliptic', 'uniformization', 'of', 'the', 'spectral', 'curve']]
[-0.12111365235371825, 0.061076882753210764, -0.07737394516977171, 0.14064529029031594, -0.060134408009859426, -0.14170873950545987, 0.013491697943148513, 0.3675746990678211, -0.22445912199715773, -0.2656480268885692, 0.17258949258830397, -0.25807277822556596, -0.20485958385591704, 0.2056610402961572, -0.07448028475312943, 0.02590810331942824, -0.034920723744047186, 0.06966826270023982, -0.13022449994459748, -0.22976237362017854, 0.3658531785787394, -0.01091858783426384, 0.17588980183936656, 0.09099679754193252, 0.073689565101328, 0.053021239186637106, -0.055839893866019945, -0.022777498544504244, -0.15060244612395762, 0.15144442829817611, 0.24855223718332126, 0.05796473056543618, 0.16785792874482772, -0.48121926211752, -0.23245201859002312, 0.05790548936541503, 0.15920458807765195, 0.12045343001373113, -0.06737978987633444, -0.24756940780207515, 0.061687134675836815, -0.17720144473326702, -0.19432685033728678, -0.11388289622263983, -0.031171599154671034, 0.05355564821123456, -0.16373801628748577, 0.05011094611448546, 0.04592233230553878, 0.1355418607747803, -0.08542960060294717, -0.10558956041156004, -0.029834217426832767, 0.059546028993402916, 0.0921152964758221, -0.0345816719190528, 0.07121129810499648, -0.15194833265462268, -0.11198065064381808, 0.35168542340397835, -0.10380956034641713, -0.1864779728464782, 0.15111803660014023, -0.1644086207728833, -0.17398293993901462, 0.059751708370943866, 0.11359792259754613, 0.15497779321546357, -0.12434269428874055, 0.16194915757514536, -0.0438469148784255, 0.08357823927265902, 0.09549350000840301, 0.053042668383568525, 0.12089047937964399, 0.10068083258035282, 0.018737448550139865, 0.16866755347776538, -0.025012984115164727, -0.13443394782952964, -0.42127117126559216, -0.1206246521944801, -0.10851334173542758, 0.09800848492110768, -0.12366836909156215, -0.1401138615484039, 0.40037308819592, 0.14232629539134603, 0.2278685727971606, 0.05806816847374042, 0.2531404412351549, 0.1730500120475578, -0.01751816589385271, 0.017347360588610174, 0.2365912357966105, 0.15992621964154144, 0.05670806030587604, -0.19921119910820076, -0.05683107094373554, 0.1440108166541904]
706.2858
Smarandache Type Function Obtained by Duality
In this paper we extend the Smarandache function from the set $N*$ of positive integers to the set $Q$ pf rational numbers. Using the inverse formula, this function is also regarded as a generating function. We put in evidence a procedure to construct a (numerical) function starting from a given function in two particular cases. Also, connections between this function and Euler totient function as well as with Riemann zeta function are established.
math.GM
in this paper we extend the smarandache function from the set n of positive integers to the set q pf rational numbers using the inverse formula this function is also regarded as a generating function we put in evidence a procedure to construct a numerical function starting from a given function in two particular cases also connections between this function and euler totient function as well as with riemann zeta function are established
[['in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'extend', 'the', 'smarandache', 'function', 'from', 'the', 'set', 'n', 'of', 'positive', 'integers', 'to', 'the', 'set', 'q', 'pf', 'rational', 'numbers', 'using', 'the', 'inverse', 'formula', 'this', 'function', 'is', 'also', 'regarded', 'as', 'a', 'generating', 'function', 'we', 'put', 'in', 'evidence', 'a', 'procedure', 'to', 'construct', 'a', 'numerical', 'function', 'starting', 'from', 'a', 'given', 'function', 'in', 'two', 'particular', 'cases', 'also', 'connections', 'between', 'this', 'function', 'and', 'euler', 'totient', 'function', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'with', 'riemann', 'zeta', 'function', 'are', 'established']]
[-0.1226715976627518, 0.03156631253659725, -0.12122168187817482, 0.13027921924686492, -0.07168345950696975, -0.10488985335990174, 0.06342048936823307, 0.3142149637210859, -0.3212201824245898, -0.28142403256250165, 0.035520615957179806, -0.2693450546549148, -0.24931198710971192, 0.22481280907172047, -0.014918741451142586, 0.07808572608875493, -0.02666595817722176, 0.02836112356553339, -0.11645810493612535, -0.22502138256414295, 0.36947043390612894, -0.025428193264117795, 0.16943973505690899, 0.07230851736088356, 0.12000838030537922, 0.030344103335415665, 0.0016258087978787618, 0.012884727824487914, -0.15605285736311175, 0.04118520239597722, 0.2671693928176154, 0.1471160219293343, 0.30071904673560024, -0.3500217935453131, -0.14779531206833582, 0.1706448826326491, 0.14775048713008426, 0.012459328270530047, -0.047062989879297475, -0.19213063971534983, 0.10242907207599547, -0.20131941609186668, -0.16198148461591375, -0.023533009311618055, 0.07446654717603775, 0.09880679730351453, -0.31904882963185444, 0.029974628092357507, 0.002063497456033038, 0.07278755248511491, -0.056887314954696046, -0.17917025241082254, 0.0174476315924413, 0.09893124347093375, 0.08240262869018296, 0.13094821786476069, 0.037898947701674617, -0.11214687539047677, -0.07015251825333968, 0.3025259641955977, -0.08346291820276273, -0.3272507956685269, 0.11687403926243113, -0.14650914840135493, -0.11671908474718667, 0.035021870652188175, 0.12391902149131853, 0.18409020979314633, -0.06767679889979836, 0.09423331395732494, -0.13211296639749653, 0.10189859442451127, 0.09937385019961081, -0.0285374304687936, 0.18345025457339745, 0.07914510992840443, 0.030739303714952954, 0.24525353442303427, -0.014684221790210433, -0.044250099575274614, -0.40481023980330116, -0.19696054603802424, -0.2384721330902858, 0.12030836823077438, -0.05360306939090226, -0.22951354754910078, 0.3723597195356676, 0.07963670265848098, 0.25623170059327394, 0.16184885723337736, 0.2640513939247148, 0.20730427323963352, 0.033322283685564585, 0.014861421563904988, 0.10364336510227151, 0.1557386104680904, 0.043791389335202026, -0.11547467425746256, 0.03713995925699399, 0.17435179572960693]
706.2859
The Adapted Ordering Method for Lie Algebras and Superalgebras and their Generalizations
In 1998 the Adapted Ordering Method was developed for the representation theory of the superconformal algebras in two dimensions. It allows: to determine maximal dimensions for a given type of space of singular vectors, to identify all singular vectors by only a few coefficients, to spot subsingular vectors and to set the basis for constructing embedding diagrams. In this article we present the Adapted Ordering Method for general Lie algebras and superalgebras, and their generalizations, provided they can be triangulated. We also review briefly the results obtained for the Virasoro algebra and for the N=2 and Ramond N=1 superconformal algebras.
hep-th math.RA math.RT
in 1998 the adapted ordering method was developed for the representation theory of the superconformal algebras in two dimensions it allows to determine maximal dimensions for a given type of space of singular vectors to identify all singular vectors by only a few coefficients to spot subsingular vectors and to set the basis for constructing embedding diagrams in this article we present the adapted ordering method for general lie algebras and superalgebras and their generalizations provided they can be triangulated we also review briefly the results obtained for the virasoro algebra and for the n2 and ramond n1 superconformal algebras
[['in', '1998', 'the', 'adapted', 'ordering', 'method', 'was', 'developed', 'for', 'the', 'representation', 'theory', 'of', 'the', 'superconformal', 'algebras', 'in', 'two', 'dimensions', 'it', 'allows', 'to', 'determine', 'maximal', 'dimensions', 'for', 'a', 'given', 'type', 'of', 'space', 'of', 'singular', 'vectors', 'to', 'identify', 'all', 'singular', 'vectors', 'by', 'only', 'a', 'few', 'coefficients', 'to', 'spot', 'subsingular', 'vectors', 'and', 'to', 'set', 'the', 'basis', 'for', 'constructing', 'embedding', 'diagrams', 'in', 'this', 'article', 'we', 'present', 'the', 'adapted', 'ordering', 'method', 'for', 'general', 'lie', 'algebras', 'and', 'superalgebras', 'and', 'their', 'generalizations', 'provided', 'they', 'can', 'be', 'triangulated', 'we', 'also', 'review', 'briefly', 'the', 'results', 'obtained', 'for', 'the', 'virasoro', 'algebra', 'and', 'for', 'the', 'n2', 'and', 'ramond', 'n1', 'superconformal', 'algebras']]
[-0.09074968119617552, 0.09912518432829528, -0.02837082256330177, 0.08164777912781573, -0.12197540907654911, -0.14365181795030366, -0.013436702460749074, 0.35886675126850603, -0.277463873885572, -0.22859932877123357, 0.14908420233172365, -0.24811342369081102, -0.18220860712230205, 0.15586940777488054, -0.08950844622217119, 0.009652117285877466, 0.028599561471492053, 0.08423480865079909, -0.1315759999922011, -0.30482757864519955, 0.3638908972358331, -0.008469913273584097, 0.23909999383613467, -0.0009128363011404872, 0.12370470096822828, 0.050946813537739215, -0.03139595305547118, 0.0106268435480888, -0.16713402518071235, 0.19565736778313295, 0.32573585903272034, 0.10937243994325399, 0.15286267559975386, -0.3844245147332549, -0.14742628568783403, 0.10360571688041091, 0.18245329542085528, 0.10686857033637352, 0.005756919989362359, -0.25690467960666863, 0.08975713677238673, -0.18997350343037397, -0.17249990343116223, -0.12630495488643645, 0.06908757016062736, -0.07019751653075218, -0.29012273473199457, 0.017879960762511474, 0.051885006928350776, 0.0830671064183116, -0.12807517731038387, -0.13331237029167822, -0.049921886178199204, 0.0885858031315729, -0.026121826521120967, 0.013910098010674119, 0.06789048174861818, -0.09322864796733484, -0.17151067729108035, 0.33674182231072336, 0.006178618306294083, -0.2675180467683822, 0.14202828234061599, -0.1570386969624087, -0.20031577885150909, 0.055722714909352364, 0.09181050529237837, 0.139562493073754, -0.11443913985858671, 0.14416296486917418, -0.06366406129905954, 0.021725056152790787, 0.1207436269056052, 0.009110653133247978, 0.17494481175206603, 0.06643924250267447, 0.03308076979126781, 0.13699874959536829, 0.00027113985968753697, -0.03810829478316009, -0.36596457405306865, -0.16051583794411273, -0.12922133444924838, 0.04035282169934362, -0.13292669657079387, -0.1387783575244248, 0.4392908609425649, 0.1777641909895465, 0.18056502330204238, 0.09098177290521563, 0.16664390104822815, 0.10424186858246685, 0.10738892942434176, 0.06943995881825686, 0.15594459814950823, 0.21488048384198918, 0.06537759876810015, -0.12501034082379192, -0.07648149418411776, 0.2231477396097034]
706.286
Comments on Violations of the Second Law
The authors of Ref. [1] claim to have experimental verification of violations of the second law of thermodynamics based on the assertions: (i) "for large systems and over long times the entropy production rate is necessarily positive"; (ii) Loschmidt's paradox interpreted as indicating that entropy production can be both positive and negative; (iii) and violations of the second law for small systems over short time scales predicted by the fluctuation theorem FT [2]. Neither the claim nor the assertions are correct.
quant-ph
the authors of ref 1 claim to have experimental verification of violations of the second law of thermodynamics based on the assertions i for large systems and over long times the entropy production rate is necessarily positive ii loschmidts paradox interpreted as indicating that entropy production can be both positive and negative iii and violations of the second law for small systems over short time scales predicted by the fluctuation theorem ft 2 neither the claim nor the assertions are correct
[['the', 'authors', 'of', 'ref', '1', 'claim', 'to', 'have', 'experimental', 'verification', 'of', 'violations', 'of', 'the', 'second', 'law', 'of', 'thermodynamics', 'based', 'on', 'the', 'assertions', 'i', 'for', 'large', 'systems', 'and', 'over', 'long', 'times', 'the', 'entropy', 'production', 'rate', 'is', 'necessarily', 'positive', 'ii', 'loschmidts', 'paradox', 'interpreted', 'as', 'indicating', 'that', 'entropy', 'production', 'can', 'be', 'both', 'positive', 'and', 'negative', 'iii', 'and', 'violations', 'of', 'the', 'second', 'law', 'for', 'small', 'systems', 'over', 'short', 'time', 'scales', 'predicted', 'by', 'the', 'fluctuation', 'theorem', 'ft', '2', 'neither', 'the', 'claim', 'nor', 'the', 'assertions', 'are', 'correct']]
[-0.11793835128852982, 0.11509563635896754, -0.07961481409492316, 0.0946600469659991, -0.015863502743067564, -0.17208780665065587, 0.06029438514285433, 0.2525815756554589, -0.22568975448792364, -0.30076232120210744, 0.12373927427041861, -0.30740840714654805, -0.0447564649073706, 0.19126878799525676, -0.0657647247713657, 0.051434863784154995, -0.007740507356500552, 0.04641572211259677, -0.0413475383826198, -0.25402290134886163, 0.3106844681372613, 0.05996133958529911, 0.2694135041056592, 0.13622190515844174, 0.08963145048323053, -0.03097848250404184, -0.05278163316032999, 0.05980508277813593, -0.08457319695945545, 0.06747866880700544, 0.19514665042084675, 0.1785108730783341, 0.25814608702964986, -0.4000302173059296, -0.19744898985933373, 0.12686464731023867, 0.08743004639989432, 0.09429698775487917, -0.009772569188319239, -0.27498803525174287, 0.13089092152860063, -0.20233617367130924, -0.10253341355430032, -0.06349925356873966, 0.11192086901239774, 0.043895914104341724, -0.24238380989818661, 0.18206274646110143, 0.1417735431941203, 0.05054664035776147, -0.07036587873036847, -0.07560003604050036, 0.0012077101862724916, 0.09144495349998276, 0.11549090945598796, -0.025605921113265703, 0.1082268419135132, -0.06335312965107553, -0.17558097391803232, 0.33964590203982814, -0.08783039886412429, -0.14380758554375742, 0.16727024691328865, -0.18109501147481763, -0.14053414901143607, 0.0870376709089787, 0.10137635993736761, 0.12400242521655372, -0.09594754767776639, 0.06732304538327073, 0.003282620813007708, 0.22894382096804033, 0.07181377250724184, 0.050840665511556984, 0.22625823575359436, 0.07527604129993254, -0.006874569838314697, 0.04886788311903077, -0.02914449473394564, -0.12555039741880733, -0.4120697273562352, -0.19865368112323828, -0.20886674500357957, 0.08761608022761698, -0.06735089279651602, -0.11343970117561611, 0.29716706308133806, 0.1078416359104952, 0.174412621760074, 0.13440772116667143, 0.2291806086115999, 0.15362377458878643, 0.08836057359628656, 0.07300672910670623, 0.25131671599767824, 0.10000405793745117, 0.15384425624434686, -0.1944603810415971, 0.14142578679286402, 0.04365661340466712]
706.2861
A phase transition in commuting Gaussian multi-matrix models
We analyze in detail a second order phase transition that occurs in large N Gaussian multi-matrix models in which the matrices are constrained to be commuting. The phase transition occurs as the relative masses of the matrices are varied, assuming that there are at least four matrices in the lowest mass level. We also discuss the phase structure of weakly coupled large N 3+1 dimensional gauge theories compactified on a three-sphere of radius R. We argue that these theories are well described at high temperatures (T >> 1/R) by a Gaussian multi-matrix model, and that they do not exhibit any phase transitions between the deconfinement scale (T ~ 1/R) and the scale where perturbation theory breaks down (T ~ 1 / \lambda R, where \lambda is the 't Hooft coupling).
hep-th
we analyze in detail a second order phase transition that occurs in large n gaussian multimatrix models in which the matrices are constrained to be commuting the phase transition occurs as the relative masses of the matrices are varied assuming that there are at least four matrices in the lowest mass level we also discuss the phase structure of weakly coupled large n 31 dimensional gauge theories compactified on a threesphere of radius r we argue that these theories are well described at high temperatures t 1r by a gaussian multimatrix model and that they do not exhibit any phase transitions between the deconfinement scale t 1r and the scale where perturbation theory breaks down t 1 lambda r where lambda is the t hooft coupling
[['we', 'analyze', 'in', 'detail', 'a', 'second', 'order', 'phase', 'transition', 'that', 'occurs', 'in', 'large', 'n', 'gaussian', 'multimatrix', 'models', 'in', 'which', 'the', 'matrices', 'are', 'constrained', 'to', 'be', 'commuting', 'the', 'phase', 'transition', 'occurs', 'as', 'the', 'relative', 'masses', 'of', 'the', 'matrices', 'are', 'varied', 'assuming', 'that', 'there', 'are', 'at', 'least', 'four', 'matrices', 'in', 'the', 'lowest', 'mass', 'level', 'we', 'also', 'discuss', 'the', 'phase', 'structure', 'of', 'weakly', 'coupled', 'large', 'n', '31', 'dimensional', 'gauge', 'theories', 'compactified', 'on', 'a', 'threesphere', 'of', 'radius', 'r', 'we', 'argue', 'that', 'these', 'theories', 'are', 'well', 'described', 'at', 'high', 'temperatures', 't', '1r', 'by', 'a', 'gaussian', 'multimatrix', 'model', 'and', 'that', 'they', 'do', 'not', 'exhibit', 'any', 'phase', 'transitions', 'between', 'the', 'deconfinement', 'scale', 't', '1r', 'and', 'the', 'scale', 'where', 'perturbation', 'theory', 'breaks', 'down', 't', '1', 'lambda', 'r', 'where', 'lambda', 'is', 'the', 't', 'hooft', 'coupling']]
[-0.16180288549586538, 0.27405731311245335, -0.022937178574798125, 0.08567038850788589, 0.016005046961326447, -0.19251416758855894, 0.010059613426814653, 0.3600872704179011, -0.22799966531613516, -0.2758007272597521, 0.0827960248386103, -0.28096364921195405, -0.11449103190800146, 0.05566518823893386, 0.031442701188285675, -0.009421667032357719, -0.052785915126728394, 0.08924847610788197, -0.14036999703920816, -0.23660161283739384, 0.32203055874976727, -0.008172062536080679, 0.19025335074328478, 0.046866364193163694, 0.07416341292287504, -0.059858674540125306, 0.04078703416910555, 0.03609506501298812, -0.1356070455515273, -0.013464832577728741, 0.23406373871442893, 0.03944006240704939, 0.18995422924063093, -0.36904776971491554, -0.19352686636349453, 0.13733638819706226, 0.15629454320740133, 0.07456690493124789, 0.033749625953431756, -0.23564334057404526, 0.06987102952830139, -0.1631155943475841, -0.13364750497682493, -0.08432485995119408, 0.03173563567300638, -0.030596610315750162, -0.2997468019422654, 0.1113052727081277, 0.04817587576949985, 0.053902472150863134, 0.01564102394077631, -0.1288008535103429, -0.05246649455419549, 0.0844064179867033, 0.0550925895943129, 0.05347766228401775, 0.11492796085538372, -0.1268533252423656, -0.06359417278722432, 0.37554544849055155, -0.11984605293181384, -0.15986822683378935, 0.18803586609040698, -0.22524942216345123, -0.17354368567023248, 0.13139242311525676, 0.13068697379813307, 0.15757951720262922, -0.07760759321871095, 0.20098211694170864, -0.019190346072834458, 0.19285503821447492, 0.08635909439596746, 0.020538058335198058, 0.2242391193063841, 0.12097444020337352, 0.017590487891409014, 0.0791923550968354, -0.052187957717770975, -0.13379547512528325, -0.3756785585363913, -0.08397933729140768, -0.18626122469348566, 0.06105963340676334, -0.1637391188837466, -0.14151670886499304, 0.31882904848409077, 0.14831765372784705, 0.275021885506927, 0.07645979239919504, 0.18800634049647857, 0.12687548766345053, 0.0896716802676637, 0.09305371807902933, 0.22092821944638022, 0.15124213759739336, 0.0801481916680045, -0.2058580196926847, -0.0682596018323527, 0.10316155977650648]
706.2862
Neutrino Factory Superbeam
We discuss the optimization of a neutrino factory for large \sin^2 2 \theta_{13}, where we assume minimum effort on the accelerator side. This implies that we use low muon energies for the price of an optimized detection system. We demonstrate that such a neutrino factory performs excellent if combined with the electron neutrino appearance channel. Instead of the platinum channel operated with the muon neutrinos from the muon decays, we propose to use the initial superbeam from the decaying pions and kaons, which might be utilized at little extra effort. Since we assume out-of-phase bunches arriving at the same detector, we do not require electron charge identification. In addition, we can choose the proton energy such that we obtain a synergistic spectrum peaking at lower energies. We find that both the superbeam and the neutrino factory beam should used at the identical baseline to reduce matter density uncertainties, possibly with the same detector. This effectively makes the configuration a single experiment, which we call ``neutrino factory superbeam''. We demonstrate that this experiment outperforms a low-energy neutrino factory or a wide band beam alone beyond a simple addition of statistics.
hep-ph hep-ex
we discuss the optimization of a neutrino factory for large sin2 2 theta_13 where we assume minimum effort on the accelerator side this implies that we use low muon energies for the price of an optimized detection system we demonstrate that such a neutrino factory performs excellent if combined with the electron neutrino appearance channel instead of the platinum channel operated with the muon neutrinos from the muon decays we propose to use the initial superbeam from the decaying pions and kaons which might be utilized at little extra effort since we assume outofphase bunches arriving at the same detector we do not require electron charge identification in addition we can choose the proton energy such that we obtain a synergistic spectrum peaking at lower energies we find that both the superbeam and the neutrino factory beam should used at the identical baseline to reduce matter density uncertainties possibly with the same detector this effectively makes the configuration a single experiment which we call neutrino factory superbeam we demonstrate that this experiment outperforms a lowenergy neutrino factory or a wide band beam alone beyond a simple addition of statistics
[['we', 'discuss', 'the', 'optimization', 'of', 'a', 'neutrino', 'factory', 'for', 'large', 'sin2', '2', 'theta_13', 'where', 'we', 'assume', 'minimum', 'effort', 'on', 'the', 'accelerator', 'side', 'this', 'implies', 'that', 'we', 'use', 'low', 'muon', 'energies', 'for', 'the', 'price', 'of', 'an', 'optimized', 'detection', 'system', 'we', 'demonstrate', 'that', 'such', 'a', 'neutrino', 'factory', 'performs', 'excellent', 'if', 'combined', 'with', 'the', 'electron', 'neutrino', 'appearance', 'channel', 'instead', 'of', 'the', 'platinum', 'channel', 'operated', 'with', 'the', 'muon', 'neutrinos', 'from', 'the', 'muon', 'decays', 'we', 'propose', 'to', 'use', 'the', 'initial', 'superbeam', 'from', 'the', 'decaying', 'pions', 'and', 'kaons', 'which', 'might', 'be', 'utilized', 'at', 'little', 'extra', 'effort', 'since', 'we', 'assume', 'outofphase', 'bunches', 'arriving', 'at', 'the', 'same', 'detector', 'we', 'do', 'not', 'require', 'electron', 'charge', 'identification', 'in', 'addition', 'we', 'can', 'choose', 'the', 'proton', 'energy', 'such', 'that', 'we', 'obtain', 'a', 'synergistic', 'spectrum', 'peaking', 'at', 'lower', 'energies', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'both', 'the', 'superbeam', 'and', 'the', 'neutrino', 'factory', 'beam', 'should', 'used', 'at', 'the', 'identical', 'baseline', 'to', 'reduce', 'matter', 'density', 'uncertainties', 'possibly', 'with', 'the', 'same', 'detector', 'this', 'effectively', 'makes', 'the', 'configuration', 'a', 'single', 'experiment', 'which', 'we', 'call', 'neutrino', 'factory', 'superbeam', 'we', 'demonstrate', 'that', 'this', 'experiment', 'outperforms', 'a', 'lowenergy', 'neutrino', 'factory', 'or', 'a', 'wide', 'band', 'beam', 'alone', 'beyond', 'a', 'simple', 'addition', 'of', 'statistics']]
[-0.0709248434508308, 0.22226138898393535, -0.06233513713665575, 0.14902582784028104, -0.06567387341733569, -0.18736579009823295, 0.06970118298552556, 0.38340568312729595, -0.21487329585389012, -0.3052762673290634, 0.04169635271232221, -0.3226485508173783, -0.02536018297603482, 0.18052372327702682, 0.01102156313284049, 0.03894736612814346, 0.12393055867992597, 0.016641474576548687, -0.11067638541177585, -0.19039367877067653, 0.24593185659537398, 0.14757936433075913, 0.26956501018524504, 0.07286865776035166, 0.15131428710889644, 0.01550642463314549, 0.005359081640745952, -0.05843439742013635, -0.07998236924414948, 0.02203924207401181, 0.24155917883944258, 0.11670990206158618, 0.16576750929561004, -0.4293008312070496, -0.14585053989239943, 0.19013059823453504, 0.14607084092127268, 0.1080270661558542, -0.10054431498486785, -0.26150259704245304, 0.06940852189880042, -0.24094040983322043, -0.13178294282850056, -0.024655020475466416, -0.09562551365702082, 0.0015644251696011495, -0.3418408092554836, 0.02483750050074406, -0.050377948458488815, -0.013421885339080026, -0.023119084102165684, -0.18897968652798602, 0.048474401703705546, 0.06507242824290953, 0.0768604418481503, 0.024062962658708255, 0.14161531634631236, -0.13358026845799512, -0.1007611227650491, 0.3577875404288529, -0.07537862225916118, -0.13590091926528625, 0.15769848714412618, -0.21915688292768898, -0.11803068231456179, 0.14527365696128636, 0.20797001904556675, 0.044984849697107046, -0.16206742066732316, 0.04020827004477189, -0.06716882392379736, 0.1988498705621592, 0.06850033353215881, 0.03265012289205241, 0.23860830789131343, 0.2572949986373445, 0.145415674253224, 0.04469186474049277, -0.19444356537325475, 0.04611264553325123, -0.35932430984679037, -0.09757637982404539, -0.1147330686765373, 0.08553565267564929, 0.0049575084782508575, -0.08874947605679236, 0.43311720176368323, 0.14522996561838283, 0.1767512704450551, -0.0010247382417902665, 0.3188332102887293, 0.06571001401072536, 0.08036820795239201, 0.0791264432112849, 0.29344762507062305, 0.02834440584949873, 0.16645772065277453, -0.26669972139520315, 0.023583649325051477, 0.008448921933661771]
706.2863
Charged Fluid Dynamics in Scalar-Tensor Theories of Gravity with Torsion
n scalar-tensor theories of gravity with torsion, the gravitational field is described in terms of a symmetric metric tensor $g$, a metric-compatible connection $\nabla$ with torsion, and a scalar field $\phi$. The main aim is to explore an interaction of a charged perfect fluid and a scalar field $\phi$ in a background electromagnetic and gravitational field described by \{$g$, $\nabla$, $\phi$\}. The interaction is based on an action functional $S_C$ of a charged perfect fluid that is invariant under global conformal rescalings. Using a variational principle, we obtain equations of motion for the charged perfect fluid. Moreover, we verify that these equations of motion are equivalent to the gauge identities obtained from the invariance of an action functional under spacetime dffeomorphisms and a local U(1) gauge group.
gr-qc
n scalartensor theories of gravity with torsion the gravitational field is described in terms of a symmetric metric tensor g a metriccompatible connection nabla with torsion and a scalar field phi the main aim is to explore an interaction of a charged perfect fluid and a scalar field phi in a background electromagnetic and gravitational field described by g nabla phi the interaction is based on an action functional s_c of a charged perfect fluid that is invariant under global conformal rescalings using a variational principle we obtain equations of motion for the charged perfect fluid moreover we verify that these equations of motion are equivalent to the gauge identities obtained from the invariance of an action functional under spacetime dffeomorphisms and a local u1 gauge group
[['n', 'scalartensor', 'theories', 'of', 'gravity', 'with', 'torsion', 'the', 'gravitational', 'field', 'is', 'described', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'a', 'symmetric', 'metric', 'tensor', 'g', 'a', 'metriccompatible', 'connection', 'nabla', 'with', 'torsion', 'and', 'a', 'scalar', 'field', 'phi', 'the', 'main', 'aim', 'is', 'to', 'explore', 'an', 'interaction', 'of', 'a', 'charged', 'perfect', 'fluid', 'and', 'a', 'scalar', 'field', 'phi', 'in', 'a', 'background', 'electromagnetic', 'and', 'gravitational', 'field', 'described', 'by', 'g', 'nabla', 'phi', 'the', 'interaction', 'is', 'based', 'on', 'an', 'action', 'functional', 's_c', 'of', 'a', 'charged', 'perfect', 'fluid', 'that', 'is', 'invariant', 'under', 'global', 'conformal', 'rescalings', 'using', 'a', 'variational', 'principle', 'we', 'obtain', 'equations', 'of', 'motion', 'for', 'the', 'charged', 'perfect', 'fluid', 'moreover', 'we', 'verify', 'that', 'these', 'equations', 'of', 'motion', 'are', 'equivalent', 'to', 'the', 'gauge', 'identities', 'obtained', 'from', 'the', 'invariance', 'of', 'an', 'action', 'functional', 'under', 'spacetime', 'dffeomorphisms', 'and', 'a', 'local', 'u1', 'gauge', 'group']]
[-0.2362404155622547, 0.1638058302604126, -0.1129242880861201, 0.042428148825401586, -0.11502207803820806, -0.13793120563163289, -0.09662651845682708, 0.3073570359246953, -0.23694074402252832, -0.2683757523200401, -0.0004719924606708071, -0.246710680292121, -0.1554518924464309, 0.09372714954236197, -0.03009150263720325, 0.021001123076689148, -0.009357918441916505, 0.15590001224347996, -0.08918555810796244, -0.19228015908054888, 0.36299059523772154, 0.013465699724971301, 0.23038973477447316, 0.02893283543646306, 0.18399784597568214, 0.007498296613376292, 0.013701059559862765, 0.0919182133151307, -0.14596978486351583, 0.07748856176696127, 0.1592302431734944, 0.056403460382069975, 0.18968301382477556, -0.42167197244744453, -0.20483393427575863, 0.09844074140687192, 0.06262447851680455, 0.09139517980021616, -0.08078520676760476, -0.35229773066997055, 0.09962777372094847, -0.15067902150460416, -0.13612397278045554, -0.06914321289375602, 0.0330464891712403, -0.020643983435417925, -0.3066903863375681, 0.0880660678921563, 0.02617960978328945, 0.054882563643216614, -0.11186700234825295, -0.03277237020758173, -0.031123223652627083, 0.03820987410902504, 0.13127513174041514, 0.12288590366139061, 0.14977799819427587, -0.2157511078745186, -0.08016748453808269, 0.42538414285000825, -0.17164069290701595, -0.3012710687175896, 0.13118153897165838, -0.11761498541639571, -0.12016988954403335, 0.09984272891759044, 0.12510260701593426, 0.17879227016653335, -0.17288903940823816, 0.22911090199618012, -0.05428412176358203, 0.1252809218232638, 0.07898327637655986, -0.021975534228009304, 0.23135692048226558, 0.05152662556308011, 0.07053137640976938, 0.12255535152045981, 0.029815771762514487, -0.0822706591810972, -0.4261748581415131, -0.20247501384703412, -0.1285409200825684, 0.1384332994006515, -0.14621195084420457, -0.16275687193098878, 0.3631779244317422, 0.07593123809679778, 0.09816797813151165, 0.06651768775375945, 0.208582582129609, 0.10212621433726911, 0.02342251358583333, 0.08392654258077817, 0.2462636596848449, 0.2635688654623837, 0.05223482361849627, -0.23940545268401148, -0.11298425330425657, 0.13283112530581773]
706.2864
Astrophysical interpretation of the medium scale clustering in the ultra-high energy sky
We compare the clustering properties of the combined dataset of ultra-high energy cosmic rays events, reported by the AGASA, HiRes, Yakutsk and Sugar collaborations, with a catalogue of galaxies of the local universe (redshift z<~0.06). We find that the data reproduce particularly well the clustering properties of the nearby universe within z <~0.02. There is no statistically significant cross-correlation between data and structures, although intriguingly the nominal cross-correlation chance probability drops from ~50% to ~10% using the catalogue with a smaller horizon. Also, we discuss the impact on the robustness of the results of deflections in some galactic magnetic field models used in the literature. These results suggest a relevant role of magnetic fields (possibly extragalactic ones, too) and/or possibly some heavy nuclei fraction in the UHECRs. The importance of a confirmation of these hints by Auger data is emphasized.
astro-ph hep-ph
we compare the clustering properties of the combined dataset of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays events reported by the agasa hires yakutsk and sugar collaborations with a catalogue of galaxies of the local universe redshift z006 we find that the data reproduce particularly well the clustering properties of the nearby universe within z 002 there is no statistically significant crosscorrelation between data and structures although intriguingly the nominal crosscorrelation chance probability drops from 50 to 10 using the catalogue with a smaller horizon also we discuss the impact on the robustness of the results of deflections in some galactic magnetic field models used in the literature these results suggest a relevant role of magnetic fields possibly extragalactic ones too andor possibly some heavy nuclei fraction in the uhecrs the importance of a confirmation of these hints by auger data is emphasized
[['we', 'compare', 'the', 'clustering', 'properties', 'of', 'the', 'combined', 'dataset', 'of', 'ultrahigh', 'energy', 'cosmic', 'rays', 'events', 'reported', 'by', 'the', 'agasa', 'hires', 'yakutsk', 'and', 'sugar', 'collaborations', 'with', 'a', 'catalogue', 'of', 'galaxies', 'of', 'the', 'local', 'universe', 'redshift', 'z006', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'the', 'data', 'reproduce', 'particularly', 'well', 'the', 'clustering', 'properties', 'of', 'the', 'nearby', 'universe', 'within', 'z', '002', 'there', 'is', 'no', 'statistically', 'significant', 'crosscorrelation', 'between', 'data', 'and', 'structures', 'although', 'intriguingly', 'the', 'nominal', 'crosscorrelation', 'chance', 'probability', 'drops', 'from', '50', 'to', '10', 'using', 'the', 'catalogue', 'with', 'a', 'smaller', 'horizon', 'also', 'we', 'discuss', 'the', 'impact', 'on', 'the', 'robustness', 'of', 'the', 'results', 'of', 'deflections', 'in', 'some', 'galactic', 'magnetic', 'field', 'models', 'used', 'in', 'the', 'literature', 'these', 'results', 'suggest', 'a', 'relevant', 'role', 'of', 'magnetic', 'fields', 'possibly', 'extragalactic', 'ones', 'too', 'andor', 'possibly', 'some', 'heavy', 'nuclei', 'fraction', 'in', 'the', 'uhecrs', 'the', 'importance', 'of', 'a', 'confirmation', 'of', 'these', 'hints', 'by', 'auger', 'data', 'is', 'emphasized']]
[-0.09626296643899487, 0.13472426304194543, -0.06865759644258235, 0.15449605169207123, -0.06062913481478712, -0.0036721165790887817, 0.05073654338318322, 0.4059899328010423, -0.1785581671217577, -0.3845670894653137, 0.034917303673656926, -0.3585865706704291, -0.044691350640174016, 0.21431014138673032, 0.02986124356975779, -0.009200339717790485, 0.07112443218273776, -0.03108753755555621, -0.018860691856389167, -0.25921590361478075, 0.29489298271613995, 0.16959658859330895, 0.2500580827938393, 0.005607201458354081, 0.07519533149981206, -0.06301078054821119, -0.12825782842534994, 0.04203922101961715, -0.13283677020502052, 0.059498812846972476, 0.23639596786433686, 0.1335779473484893, 0.22512203183557306, -0.37634881774761847, -0.19450341856157008, 0.13584674925077705, 0.14229381988490267, 0.07905544975572931, -0.14618850568492364, -0.3099314118203308, 0.06009093157606133, -0.1368591481819749, -0.1542553927017642, 0.01025165222319109, -0.016155655228898728, 0.058621164837053846, -0.1849627863349659, 0.14244257721397194, 0.0031541090375477713, 0.07858881752139756, -0.10630092185123691, -0.14752952011102544, -0.042255520892129944, 0.07168341079460723, 0.10669516627011555, 0.04738063113098698, 0.15882787647008498, -0.14919204459791738, -0.10051096113332147, 0.39586035845402096, -0.05520265637065417, -0.05783319658699578, 0.17548345801686602, -0.21829684388358145, -0.19276266036488648, 0.1507664585253224, 0.16010404920671134, 0.052436771476641296, -0.17248556772912188, 0.05680047274883171, 0.0036524645618296095, 0.1904744553412976, 0.029096183016164495, 0.043805448723391496, 0.24634516508584575, 0.12967281832659086, 0.03786842358365123, 0.0740062350390612, -0.1958363167126663, 0.004120466957933136, -0.280270715716428, -0.09433815585881737, -0.1542360370845667, 0.048366811558870335, -0.15294907907601946, -0.11359391609190166, 0.3730704055699919, 0.161401419075472, 0.25077240910114984, 0.030587161284139647, 0.2651981258631817, -0.0075642842308817695, 0.06540091621240468, 0.08202145082177595, 0.31625106889696325, 0.13235826362423334, 0.09797839580486263, -0.18870369852354218, 0.08579688334554833, -0.04795330435569797]
706.2865
Morphologies of Galaxies in and around a Protocluster at z=2.300
We present results from the first robust investigation of galaxy morphology as a function of environment at z>1.5. Our study is motivated by the fact that star-forming galaxies contained within a protocluster at z=2.3 in the HS1700+64 field have significantly older ages and larger stellar masses on average than those at similar redshifts but more typical environmental densities. In the analysis of HST/ACS images, we apply non-parametric statistics to characterize the rest-frame UV morphologies of a sample of 85 UV-selected star-forming galaxies at z=1.7-2.9, 22 of which are contained in the protocluster. The remaining 63 control-sample galaxies are not in the protocluster but have a similar mean redshift of <z>~2.3. We find no environmental dependence for the distributions of morphological properties. Combining the measured morphologies with the results of population synthesis modeling, we find only weak correlations, if any, between morphological and stellar population properties such as stellar mass, age, extinction and star-formation rate. Given the incomplete census of the protocluster galaxy population, and the lack of correlation between rest-frame UV morphology and star-formation history at z~2 within our sample, the absence of environmental trends in the distribution of morphological properties is not surprising. Additionally, using a larger sample of photometric candidates, we compare morphological distributions for 282 UV-selected and 43 near-IR-selected galaxies. While the difference in the degree of nebulosity between the two samples appears to be a byproduct of the fainter average rest-frame UV surface brightness of the near-IR-selected galaxies, we find that, among the lowest surface brightness galaxies, the near-IR-selected objects have significantly smaller angular sizes (abridged).
astro-ph
we present results from the first robust investigation of galaxy morphology as a function of environment at z15 our study is motivated by the fact that starforming galaxies contained within a protocluster at z23 in the hs170064 field have significantly older ages and larger stellar masses on average than those at similar redshifts but more typical environmental densities in the analysis of hstacs images we apply nonparametric statistics to characterize the restframe uv morphologies of a sample of 85 uvselected starforming galaxies at z1729 22 of which are contained in the protocluster the remaining 63 controlsample galaxies are not in the protocluster but have a similar mean redshift of z23 we find no environmental dependence for the distributions of morphological properties combining the measured morphologies with the results of population synthesis modeling we find only weak correlations if any between morphological and stellar population properties such as stellar mass age extinction and starformation rate given the incomplete census of the protocluster galaxy population and the lack of correlation between restframe uv morphology and starformation history at z2 within our sample the absence of environmental trends in the distribution of morphological properties is not surprising additionally using a larger sample of photometric candidates we compare morphological distributions for 282 uvselected and 43 nearirselected galaxies while the difference in the degree of nebulosity between the two samples appears to be a byproduct of the fainter average restframe uv surface brightness of the nearirselected galaxies we find that among the lowest surface brightness galaxies the nearirselected objects have significantly smaller angular sizes abridged
[['we', 'present', 'results', 'from', 'the', 'first', 'robust', 'investigation', 'of', 'galaxy', 'morphology', 'as', 'a', 'function', 'of', 'environment', 'at', 'z15', 'our', 'study', 'is', 'motivated', 'by', 'the', 'fact', 'that', 'starforming', 'galaxies', 'contained', 'within', 'a', 'protocluster', 'at', 'z23', 'in', 'the', 'hs170064', 'field', 'have', 'significantly', 'older', 'ages', 'and', 'larger', 'stellar', 'masses', 'on', 'average', 'than', 'those', 'at', 'similar', 'redshifts', 'but', 'more', 'typical', 'environmental', 'densities', 'in', 'the', 'analysis', 'of', 'hstacs', 'images', 'we', 'apply', 'nonparametric', 'statistics', 'to', 'characterize', 'the', 'restframe', 'uv', 'morphologies', 'of', 'a', 'sample', 'of', '85', 'uvselected', 'starforming', 'galaxies', 'at', 'z1729', '22', 'of', 'which', 'are', 'contained', 'in', 'the', 'protocluster', 'the', 'remaining', '63', 'controlsample', 'galaxies', 'are', 'not', 'in', 'the', 'protocluster', 'but', 'have', 'a', 'similar', 'mean', 'redshift', 'of', 'z23', 'we', 'find', 'no', 'environmental', 'dependence', 'for', 'the', 'distributions', 'of', 'morphological', 'properties', 'combining', 'the', 'measured', 'morphologies', 'with', 'the', 'results', 'of', 'population', 'synthesis', 'modeling', 'we', 'find', 'only', 'weak', 'correlations', 'if', 'any', 'between', 'morphological', 'and', 'stellar', 'population', 'properties', 'such', 'as', 'stellar', 'mass', 'age', 'extinction', 'and', 'starformation', 'rate', 'given', 'the', 'incomplete', 'census', 'of', 'the', 'protocluster', 'galaxy', 'population', 'and', 'the', 'lack', 'of', 'correlation', 'between', 'restframe', 'uv', 'morphology', 'and', 'starformation', 'history', 'at', 'z2', 'within', 'our', 'sample', 'the', 'absence', 'of', 'environmental', 'trends', 'in', 'the', 'distribution', 'of', 'morphological', 'properties', 'is', 'not', 'surprising', 'additionally', 'using', 'a', 'larger', 'sample', 'of', 'photometric', 'candidates', 'we', 'compare', 'morphological', 'distributions', 'for', '282', 'uvselected', 'and', '43', 'nearirselected', 'galaxies', 'while', 'the', 'difference', 'in', 'the', 'degree', 'of', 'nebulosity', 'between', 'the', 'two', 'samples', 'appears', 'to', 'be', 'a', 'byproduct', 'of', 'the', 'fainter', 'average', 'restframe', 'uv', 'surface', 'brightness', 'of', 'the', 'nearirselected', 'galaxies', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'among', 'the', 'lowest', 'surface', 'brightness', 'galaxies', 'the', 'nearirselected', 'objects', 'have', 'significantly', 'smaller', 'angular', 'sizes', 'abridged']]
[-0.01125841553804876, 0.07237294846748601, -0.11139535599806916, 0.12362099051836051, -0.04787927366749838, -0.007997081844251632, 0.045124678192985095, 0.49268489725916653, -0.08433351586320141, -0.3687619266926867, 0.007124931960323349, -0.2887051448825198, -0.04268749004460929, 0.17609409020686623, -0.030026422799095627, -0.04030628392812182, 0.018420954474045844, -0.11381131144197182, -0.07424959065901367, -0.31835928210418296, 0.3153509424400133, 0.02825586323521656, 0.20667562655411487, -0.05763857997457547, 0.06594776887764302, -0.09906142510838316, -0.11361783806256257, -0.011403009890174393, -0.1642300253700715, 0.02451166365288429, 0.24371299556683923, 0.14061287109056025, 0.26430677602522423, -0.3020404068597282, -0.19200004911900304, 0.0961611722397452, 0.20125837781098346, 0.05913585422482962, -0.07820891586924017, -0.2544803804498664, 0.09158937255815827, -0.1361938629443455, -0.13597583129068894, 0.10766320018829414, 0.04317996973738565, 0.042868218101992435, -0.17381167871464231, 0.2277228443616236, 0.009201501766869496, 0.17334581971666668, -0.11657748162221207, -0.10748473906080967, -0.1250906449096465, 0.11472443669002012, -0.009162722029109565, 0.06803355540434086, 0.21216245017929522, -0.20802003495095572, 0.0029410732345558094, 0.3927467690307878, -0.04774258131832074, -0.005361154294652185, 0.2707110776407139, -0.2577980630525727, -0.19911090613617163, 0.1197110017194853, 0.1680697841071632, 0.10498433607257497, -0.18458627485453563, -0.0122062404014625, -0.02585947094755897, 0.24673794891122122, 0.016630306552965626, 0.11373866818064206, 0.2784705220201854, 0.08655442542878392, 0.06261127441489794, 0.1065246245558482, -0.1992467214622311, 0.006566817991348894, -0.23996723650290464, -0.09032255946297574, -0.13689132634012927, 0.10307169713446773, -0.17792846141132623, -0.10718733521337195, 0.3807490148018439, 0.13402663246239355, 0.25341997713901016, 0.15146994503447786, 0.25618232210534947, 0.06406402905280305, 0.1507819000254349, 0.10226066196932955, 0.27569464129186416, 0.1602663106100937, 0.02230488744928942, -0.24242536582742175, 0.0987662310556819, -0.02189009061512761]
706.2866
Matching Kasteleyn Cities for Spin Glass Ground States
As spin glass materials have extremely slow dynamics, devious numerical methods are needed to study low-temperature states. A simple and fast optimization version of the classical Kasteleyn treatment of the Ising model is described and applied to two-dimensional Ising spin glasses. The algorithm combines the Pfaffian and matching approaches to directly strip droplet excitations from an excited state. Extended ground states in Ising spin glasses on a torus, which are optimized over all boundary conditions, are used to compute precise values for ground state energy densities.
cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.stat-mech
as spin glass materials have extremely slow dynamics devious numerical methods are needed to study lowtemperature states a simple and fast optimization version of the classical kasteleyn treatment of the ising model is described and applied to twodimensional ising spin glasses the algorithm combines the pfaffian and matching approaches to directly strip droplet excitations from an excited state extended ground states in ising spin glasses on a torus which are optimized over all boundary conditions are used to compute precise values for ground state energy densities
[['as', 'spin', 'glass', 'materials', 'have', 'extremely', 'slow', 'dynamics', 'devious', 'numerical', 'methods', 'are', 'needed', 'to', 'study', 'lowtemperature', 'states', 'a', 'simple', 'and', 'fast', 'optimization', 'version', 'of', 'the', 'classical', 'kasteleyn', 'treatment', 'of', 'the', 'ising', 'model', 'is', 'described', 'and', 'applied', 'to', 'twodimensional', 'ising', 'spin', 'glasses', 'the', 'algorithm', 'combines', 'the', 'pfaffian', 'and', 'matching', 'approaches', 'to', 'directly', 'strip', 'droplet', 'excitations', 'from', 'an', 'excited', 'state', 'extended', 'ground', 'states', 'in', 'ising', 'spin', 'glasses', 'on', 'a', 'torus', 'which', 'are', 'optimized', 'over', 'all', 'boundary', 'conditions', 'are', 'used', 'to', 'compute', 'precise', 'values', 'for', 'ground', 'state', 'energy', 'densities']]
[-0.09111198794833103, 0.19689725896192656, -0.07919289386657954, 0.09503727213636604, -0.04438811559284236, -0.1858696708710171, -0.003796618864979855, 0.4034143598360378, -0.20583882390218244, -0.2653968847941521, 0.1248857112558082, -0.2575362290006651, -0.08673888202864936, 0.18047282292215197, 0.03324557946037859, 0.11171602145217083, 0.04458864453941757, -0.009916775708281717, -0.11229459210407249, -0.19051599478738945, 0.2343938120012713, -0.012912663468701202, 0.3105702489008044, 0.028452217803596584, 0.08141906289275476, 0.04451573213161684, 0.13421030529655603, 0.008510853071848666, -0.18033440476066845, 0.06644156405047058, 0.26610156215780123, -0.016447464762212233, 0.14997547984036597, -0.4595250748747656, -0.20740184995757285, 0.07312490220647305, 0.11835233752918971, 0.18855014262412306, 0.02146664695938789, -0.2936183327787317, 0.0062147064545993195, -0.1714425024418783, -0.15419918316048245, -0.16148423921143593, -0.02785062378943833, -0.0027033142991862154, -0.2622648039399538, 0.08558906520565235, 0.0489587236336584, 0.0449375088196681, -0.09204628668335635, -0.15625583657150177, -0.029434264236844556, 0.09729858883656561, -0.0023502226266468506, 0.04954020732060768, 0.1697643047772608, -0.1638583971111667, -0.18109899203747856, 0.3236140770144587, -0.024707540707272845, -0.19143814206438756, 0.23662728420458734, -0.08634127507549386, -0.09150760162751688, 0.18523652647990127, 0.1432394341336899, 0.1301509605092538, -0.1253040200221179, 0.043663625202773185, -0.0053861877802477845, 0.1499077344183312, -0.03456994831063893, -0.000921125621210004, 0.2327274794739043, 0.15915935506047899, 0.06124442697199451, 0.20796122897394695, -0.09299930541906072, -0.18820189357583605, -0.20968569782670848, -0.1518694431369388, -0.2915515299591366, 0.06427310872823, -0.046849790811139366, -0.2005432737195258, 0.42391913449175134, 0.14271699356897952, 0.1585906558550981, 0.021441253133288714, 0.2294538791594637, 0.1003377198249773, 0.021480958762600325, 0.09089480482074323, 0.183848550998021, 0.22363341725323088, 0.09362824788983089, -0.24709181800798707, 0.03420331803161304, 0.11932025654891203]
706.2867
Outline of a novel architecture for cortical computation
In this paper a novel architecture for cortical computation has been proposed. This architecture is composed of computing paths consisting of neurons and synapses only. These paths have been decomposed into lateral, longitudinal and vertical components. Cortical computation has then been decomposed into lateral computation (LaC), longitudinal computation (LoC) and vertical computation (VeC). It has been shown that various loop structures in the cortical circuit play important roles in cortical computation as well as in memory storage and retrieval, keeping in conformity with the molecular basis of short and long term memory. A new learning scheme for the brain has also been proposed and how it is implemented within the proposed architecture has been explained. A number of mathematical results about the architecture have been proposed, many of which without proof.
q-bio.NC q-bio.QM
in this paper a novel architecture for cortical computation has been proposed this architecture is composed of computing paths consisting of neurons and synapses only these paths have been decomposed into lateral longitudinal and vertical components cortical computation has then been decomposed into lateral computation lac longitudinal computation loc and vertical computation vec it has been shown that various loop structures in the cortical circuit play important roles in cortical computation as well as in memory storage and retrieval keeping in conformity with the molecular basis of short and long term memory a new learning scheme for the brain has also been proposed and how it is implemented within the proposed architecture has been explained a number of mathematical results about the architecture have been proposed many of which without proof
[['in', 'this', 'paper', 'a', 'novel', 'architecture', 'for', 'cortical', 'computation', 'has', 'been', 'proposed', 'this', 'architecture', 'is', 'composed', 'of', 'computing', 'paths', 'consisting', 'of', 'neurons', 'and', 'synapses', 'only', 'these', 'paths', 'have', 'been', 'decomposed', 'into', 'lateral', 'longitudinal', 'and', 'vertical', 'components', 'cortical', 'computation', 'has', 'then', 'been', 'decomposed', 'into', 'lateral', 'computation', 'lac', 'longitudinal', 'computation', 'loc', 'and', 'vertical', 'computation', 'vec', 'it', 'has', 'been', 'shown', 'that', 'various', 'loop', 'structures', 'in', 'the', 'cortical', 'circuit', 'play', 'important', 'roles', 'in', 'cortical', 'computation', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'in', 'memory', 'storage', 'and', 'retrieval', 'keeping', 'in', 'conformity', 'with', 'the', 'molecular', 'basis', 'of', 'short', 'and', 'long', 'term', 'memory', 'a', 'new', 'learning', 'scheme', 'for', 'the', 'brain', 'has', 'also', 'been', 'proposed', 'and', 'how', 'it', 'is', 'implemented', 'within', 'the', 'proposed', 'architecture', 'has', 'been', 'explained', 'a', 'number', 'of', 'mathematical', 'results', 'about', 'the', 'architecture', 'have', 'been', 'proposed', 'many', 'of', 'which', 'without', 'proof']]
[-0.11300670936302004, 0.07190439266060258, -0.061759001731815685, -0.00831693626997125, -0.05737530959073369, -0.14916225558658705, -0.04617491605752041, 0.4442068664925813, -0.23069442620941702, -0.3253742466033756, 0.07857662642584361, -0.17470130894887653, -0.23857340023973744, 0.20639704198412995, -0.06894791217295111, 0.09303942613147256, 0.04550304878076524, 0.015550177181779428, 0.01848913520776297, -0.2437440249055823, 0.19327956615809, 0.040107018890157914, 0.3252720544541269, 0.0742542872788342, 0.1623077419273669, -0.050761514890739934, -0.026665561403261626, 0.04086236477978812, -0.03549068901033135, 0.14436387698937436, 0.27493957489131743, 0.14349916956177736, 0.34068046134846813, -0.508677742707024, -0.27289679840576786, 0.09073322179606398, 0.2272418367388509, 0.08809607956853503, -0.028089492382723413, -0.24730272709484433, 0.12496824343137813, -0.1891389778737007, -0.0033907175689708185, -0.11436588083081062, 0.0911099155582772, 0.0008541149520919523, -0.21141112948419483, 0.020752684201224076, 0.0757483505503495, 0.0710140023743094, -0.01416037280560393, -0.12140419821162488, -0.00452714255132947, 0.1744040157290474, 0.024730583478675315, 0.07516086125348247, 0.13606379313735675, -0.09592916222488265, -0.14244360880897813, 0.3282737295989317, 0.006470975937065846, -0.21648838139274193, 0.1399444325734641, -0.04983528508299976, -0.17443329432111887, 0.08732115819282432, 0.1831929774826947, 0.01004638014546105, -0.18358549265233615, 0.1012101758614481, -0.0410402323197545, 0.15816961404448018, 0.10116894415736141, 0.07798781341567408, 0.19926149371783924, 0.25752997969966807, 0.006202575303594145, 0.1466640196669534, -0.11961329793415339, -0.12389090852029906, -0.21679660511906934, -0.1666954524587584, -0.19143681443929103, 0.003754417094506878, -0.04035533296645491, -0.14090992759922982, 0.4496252845879411, 0.091773700176668, 0.18274458752276787, 0.046915721561482444, 0.3344877218091789, 0.08374776332088185, 0.22236508668848234, 0.11804743277136492, 0.19650420334318097, 0.14401162121416503, 0.13015053225396814, -0.199256990517255, 0.13458824857984109, 0.045113277287428616]
706.2868
Comparing composites of left and right derived functors
We introduce a new categorical framework for studying derived functors, and in particular for comparing composites of left and right derived functors. Our central observation is that model categories are the objects of a double category whose vertical and horizontal arrows are left and right Quillen functors, respectively, and that passage to derived functors is functorial at the level of this double category. The theory of conjunctions and mates in double categories, which generalizes the theory of adjunctions and mates in 2-categories, then gives us canonical ways to compare composites of left and right derived functors. We give a number of sample applications, most of which are improvements of existing proofs in the literature.
math.CT math.AT
we introduce a new categorical framework for studying derived functors and in particular for comparing composites of left and right derived functors our central observation is that model categories are the objects of a double category whose vertical and horizontal arrows are left and right quillen functors respectively and that passage to derived functors is functorial at the level of this double category the theory of conjunctions and mates in double categories which generalizes the theory of adjunctions and mates in 2categories then gives us canonical ways to compare composites of left and right derived functors we give a number of sample applications most of which are improvements of existing proofs in the literature
[['we', 'introduce', 'a', 'new', 'categorical', 'framework', 'for', 'studying', 'derived', 'functors', 'and', 'in', 'particular', 'for', 'comparing', 'composites', 'of', 'left', 'and', 'right', 'derived', 'functors', 'our', 'central', 'observation', 'is', 'that', 'model', 'categories', 'are', 'the', 'objects', 'of', 'a', 'double', 'category', 'whose', 'vertical', 'and', 'horizontal', 'arrows', 'are', 'left', 'and', 'right', 'quillen', 'functors', 'respectively', 'and', 'that', 'passage', 'to', 'derived', 'functors', 'is', 'functorial', 'at', 'the', 'level', 'of', 'this', 'double', 'category', 'the', 'theory', 'of', 'conjunctions', 'and', 'mates', 'in', 'double', 'categories', 'which', 'generalizes', 'the', 'theory', 'of', 'adjunctions', 'and', 'mates', 'in', '2categories', 'then', 'gives', 'us', 'canonical', 'ways', 'to', 'compare', 'composites', 'of', 'left', 'and', 'right', 'derived', 'functors', 'we', 'give', 'a', 'number', 'of', 'sample', 'applications', 'most', 'of', 'which', 'are', 'improvements', 'of', 'existing', 'proofs', 'in', 'the', 'literature']]
[-0.08595633966666483, 0.030774314998109873, -0.07290473003593977, 0.0958586500011989, -0.0732058738194929, -0.14362921483667665, 0.00751930400994688, 0.3825432633687007, -0.37752862192236963, -0.23859236890188695, 0.064571282356618, -0.23604932125683836, -0.10249888787470889, 0.1806217259829537, -0.18600767299434856, -0.09982423125582404, 0.03851436915921799, 0.06182711246921763, -0.052716156606676806, -0.22223697448958105, 0.39843217735975295, -0.014081314712632121, 0.22561365562049965, 0.013589468065714627, 0.10690147325952064, -0.035546208245745094, -0.04685270076764649, -0.011794633428125005, -0.14407056457582113, 0.17828580095808497, 0.29046587480983715, 0.08830864639981371, 0.18652062548790127, -0.41338709742615865, -0.04164774467751972, 0.10957245022597674, 0.12200274313554953, 0.03648802738947173, -0.018774541815857224, -0.33153954212014614, 0.13666538724442434, -0.2089538259039584, -0.04521703698647846, -0.055367196795710345, 0.08167881464683696, 0.030418903035879657, -0.2650616329077533, -0.004271606898360085, 0.09427440485900693, 0.08276911651748314, -0.07199637485022672, -0.12777741479671054, -0.05928667742767159, 0.15417284139007198, 0.01744431274710223, -0.03467463496372945, 0.13499755575321615, -0.16404811150124787, -0.145372185075917, 0.36741207854560853, -0.050102209280195986, -0.15609593745862266, 0.18344290620696388, -0.12045424205267377, -0.14804867108908007, 0.07613623019699987, 0.015386041719466448, 0.15157870512880517, -0.09727054582745359, 0.15220293592408365, -0.12115982497364217, 0.05545274488497199, 0.14030808940317416, 0.05640752225901866, 0.16601093510459913, 0.117446796803147, -0.004291752577971732, 0.12177147093359708, -0.019206395748545203, -0.08463713213834062, -0.3277623967283912, -0.18621233013599472, -0.007594462557646789, 0.02220550604946319, -0.06263951165499493, -0.18343232132559806, 0.4064722559251414, 0.16450286540611272, 0.18577509509295373, 0.1747961592178367, 0.24666632002775082, 0.05750444279513894, 0.05440374400074545, -0.04379872144444993, 0.17596136765113393, 0.2717487703918953, 0.029449332464617072, -0.03798585218017954, -0.0039645583785482144, 0.1694971115630643]
706.2869
Supercurrent survival under Rosen-Zener quench of hard core bosons
We study the survival of super-currents in a system of impenetrable bosons subject to a quantum quench from its critical superfluid phase to an insulating phase. We show that the evolution of the current when the quench follows a Rosen-Zener profile is exactly solvable. This allows us to analyze a quench of arbitrary rate, from a sudden destruction of the superfluid to a slow opening of a gap. The decay and oscillations of the current are analytically derived, and studied numerically along with the momentum distribution after the quench. In the case of small supercurrent boosts $\nu$, we find that the current surviving at long times is proportional to $\nu^3$.
cond-mat.other quant-ph
we study the survival of supercurrents in a system of impenetrable bosons subject to a quantum quench from its critical superfluid phase to an insulating phase we show that the evolution of the current when the quench follows a rosenzener profile is exactly solvable this allows us to analyze a quench of arbitrary rate from a sudden destruction of the superfluid to a slow opening of a gap the decay and oscillations of the current are analytically derived and studied numerically along with the momentum distribution after the quench in the case of small supercurrent boosts nu we find that the current surviving at long times is proportional to nu3
[['we', 'study', 'the', 'survival', 'of', 'supercurrents', 'in', 'a', 'system', 'of', 'impenetrable', 'bosons', 'subject', 'to', 'a', 'quantum', 'quench', 'from', 'its', 'critical', 'superfluid', 'phase', 'to', 'an', 'insulating', 'phase', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'evolution', 'of', 'the', 'current', 'when', 'the', 'quench', 'follows', 'a', 'rosenzener', 'profile', 'is', 'exactly', 'solvable', 'this', 'allows', 'us', 'to', 'analyze', 'a', 'quench', 'of', 'arbitrary', 'rate', 'from', 'a', 'sudden', 'destruction', 'of', 'the', 'superfluid', 'to', 'a', 'slow', 'opening', 'of', 'a', 'gap', 'the', 'decay', 'and', 'oscillations', 'of', 'the', 'current', 'are', 'analytically', 'derived', 'and', 'studied', 'numerically', 'along', 'with', 'the', 'momentum', 'distribution', 'after', 'the', 'quench', 'in', 'the', 'case', 'of', 'small', 'supercurrent', 'boosts', 'nu', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'the', 'current', 'surviving', 'at', 'long', 'times', 'is', 'proportional', 'to', 'nu3']]
[-0.17908044464208864, 0.21180870905320096, -0.08814273134127937, 0.050063909256873144, 0.029843581789596514, -0.13522339386611498, 0.07890966048845174, 0.3225839465856552, -0.26666935170915995, -0.2363301578824493, 0.06610118073241955, -0.2684743080173079, -0.07768178286284885, 0.15444206998429516, 0.02026860760524869, 0.03767337457816625, 0.010317560750991106, 0.03967652165711942, -0.13085072266932746, -0.23030085688964888, 0.31040717133913526, 0.015598484479017894, 0.27651495223399253, 0.06621336363340644, 0.06489553171294657, -0.0044259817529977725, 0.056921554869040845, -0.008226285853677176, -0.1871084409593922, -0.0053630259226668964, 0.1657933887771585, 0.020246548722074792, 0.22186200217851862, -0.4399335808374665, -0.16680285509421744, 0.11983462614007294, 0.18872745342087, 0.18877130790867588, -0.016560328425839543, -0.2787421634653583, 0.03324873192997819, -0.2105798574926501, -0.183126430535181, -0.03302299046719616, 0.08119654056870125, 0.008867713360285218, -0.26228362285976553, 0.13247251536972313, 0.03612366169691086, 0.013850112981791344, -0.0643032487730538, -0.003444044329014353, -0.03240730172785168, 0.11869577832482966, 0.09053735918565839, 0.06648699257903817, 0.1531012557912618, -0.1915023162897507, -0.055897609373046594, 0.33307966454462573, -0.10275532638188452, -0.11755060023331845, 0.17825770628511567, -0.20405500617555597, -0.058357170596718785, 0.16902583707123994, 0.12124292000450872, 0.06962181433654306, -0.12285624804591697, 0.04033614338523793, -0.017436880449002438, 0.126260097917508, 0.004078835430978374, 0.0010358618233691562, 0.2553254297257147, 0.19401329294355077, 0.05911957349797541, 0.20402741811492225, -0.12086892697684974, -0.12302590667439456, -0.30133551255884494, -0.15312836964466525, -0.19811658793213693, 0.1066534911705689, -0.020960140812200156, -0.15040986195883968, 0.4542730304327878, 0.1492867114064707, 0.2543641577644104, 0.0472516426985914, 0.26062536690892146, 0.17122513714500448, 0.05459628008221361, 0.08610794098243456, 0.2437659981067885, 0.1285981665111401, 0.10045332980172877, -0.31861963767812335, 0.034328077589585025, 0.018920738567513497]
706.287
Search for the Decays B0->e+e-gamma and B0->mu+mu-gamma
We present results of a search for the decays $B^0 \to \ell^+\ell^-\gamma$ ($\ell=e$, $\mu$). The search is performed using $320\times 10^{6}$ $B\bar{B}$ pairs collected at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II $B$ Factory at SLAC. We find no significant signal and set the following branching fraction upper limits at the 90% confidence level: $\mathcal{B}(B^0\to e^+e^-\gamma)<1.2\times 10^{-7}$ and $\mathcal{B}(B^0\to \mu^+\mu^-\gamma)<1.5\times 10^{-7}$.
hep-ex
we present results of a search for the decays b0 to ellellgamma elle mu the search is performed using 320times 106 bbarb pairs collected at the upsilon4s resonance with the babar detector at the pepii b factory at slac we find no significant signal and set the following branching fraction upper limits at the 90 confidence level mathcalbb0to eegamma12times 107 and mathcalbb0to mumugamma15times 107
[['we', 'present', 'results', 'of', 'a', 'search', 'for', 'the', 'decays', 'b0', 'to', 'ellellgamma', 'elle', 'mu', 'the', 'search', 'is', 'performed', 'using', '320times', '106', 'bbarb', 'pairs', 'collected', 'at', 'the', 'upsilon4s', 'resonance', 'with', 'the', 'babar', 'detector', 'at', 'the', 'pepii', 'b', 'factory', 'at', 'slac', 'we', 'find', 'no', 'significant', 'signal', 'and', 'set', 'the', 'following', 'branching', 'fraction', 'upper', 'limits', 'at', 'the', '90', 'confidence', 'level', 'mathcalbb0to', 'eegamma12times', '107', 'and', 'mathcalbb0to', 'mumugamma15times', '107']]
[-0.11448391885665667, 0.152931357425968, -0.015949824081373312, 0.07098551513063872, -0.014953372579428458, -0.09614727610812313, 0.2059284660781193, 0.24875272355312783, -0.08466337431943224, -0.3341329861732741, 0.01283453332801019, -0.4822448209649132, 0.11198983882223407, 0.17552738687429095, 0.13472445240064013, 0.12648603919472906, 0.15330800427604588, 0.028572270646691322, -0.013563445799293057, -0.20639625642328494, 0.10548541438390291, 0.09455650254535759, 0.23348973758308397, 0.05758093148770352, 0.058984324448711926, -0.03944192731362437, -0.0065232311270289845, -0.15587344801714342, -0.17245359403351623, -0.020044949731879657, 0.23346160837043559, 0.18360895848262213, 0.14235319503613056, -0.3205015317596976, 0.10482047624780887, 0.2257350235689251, 0.11803778002579365, -0.022793878650953694, -0.05810827800943967, -0.4400758293547457, 0.22560637169367365, -0.17192566000495949, -0.009841780456143522, 0.05347883257444107, 0.07043458166862687, -0.1393302163229354, -0.3940855253698124, 0.10247171331467407, -0.12374329105800679, 0.09337893580114694, -0.00618134158092641, -0.2668099443131547, -0.012885569545981143, -0.09096917540826384, -0.05260378462187345, 0.11723675222310703, 0.2541289882163607, -0.056863974163969676, -0.1548759342141209, 0.3088537043621463, -0.13185385649182624, -0.07572976107739153, 0.217914140813293, -0.3237877220005518, -0.16214399585019676, 0.25804921233605954, 0.29040755906457744, 0.01931799707874175, -0.2243687152682293, 0.1271217396208686, -0.008713205555273641, 0.15539817178561802, 0.13929549031590502, 0.04599155555291462, 0.17271434106383352, 0.22643968394596972, 0.02169854261521851, 0.06957517989963714, -0.20219823755624314, 0.049713648930792845, -0.40299191155410824, -0.06826759233409839, -0.03793741029597098, 0.07407819278418057, -0.0008479392436716045, -0.004926543333567679, 0.32860126538622764, 0.08288556815410454, 0.38556801491687376, 0.06288972332502805, 0.26863291847609705, 0.09782849316463633, 0.027916375432170987, 0.09199642696447911, 0.31653934734452877, 0.09161330813602094, 0.1241071831806743, -0.25962544506182894, -0.017618307355611075, -0.03299176074083774]
706.2871
Probing the Messenger of SUSY Breaking with Gaugino Masses
Gaugino masses might provide useful information on the underlying scheme of supersymmetry breaking as they are least dependent on the unknown physics between the TeV scale and the high messenger scale of supersymmetry breaking. We discuss the pattern of low energy gaugino masses in various schemes of supersymmetry breaking together with the possibility to determine the gaugino masses at LHC.
hep-ph
gaugino masses might provide useful information on the underlying scheme of supersymmetry breaking as they are least dependent on the unknown physics between the tev scale and the high messenger scale of supersymmetry breaking we discuss the pattern of low energy gaugino masses in various schemes of supersymmetry breaking together with the possibility to determine the gaugino masses at lhc
[['gaugino', 'masses', 'might', 'provide', 'useful', 'information', 'on', 'the', 'underlying', 'scheme', 'of', 'supersymmetry', 'breaking', 'as', 'they', 'are', 'least', 'dependent', 'on', 'the', 'unknown', 'physics', 'between', 'the', 'tev', 'scale', 'and', 'the', 'high', 'messenger', 'scale', 'of', 'supersymmetry', 'breaking', 'we', 'discuss', 'the', 'pattern', 'of', 'low', 'energy', 'gaugino', 'masses', 'in', 'various', 'schemes', 'of', 'supersymmetry', 'breaking', 'together', 'with', 'the', 'possibility', 'to', 'determine', 'the', 'gaugino', 'masses', 'at', 'lhc']]
[-0.16225686126078168, 0.29722397597506645, -0.032063832584147654, 0.24434436733524004, -0.11615799041852976, -0.1595214327564463, 0.002985632683460911, 0.37334193028509616, -0.21341888705889384, -0.3874465260344247, 0.13124255074459748, -0.19854911463335156, -0.017438041077305875, 0.11332264876303573, 0.0003721208932499091, 0.08154863327120741, -0.05328260589740239, -0.006763024941998689, -0.10311218991604013, -0.23859056380266944, 0.34352637647340695, 0.06648981080700954, 0.20940832714550198, 0.1460373559035361, 0.1178600503752629, -0.07262317297281698, -0.009617398004047572, -0.19390872896959385, -0.11897500939667224, 0.09316840482642874, 0.20742798689752817, 0.058301385235972704, 0.10282585099339485, -0.36198688931763173, -0.14283616417087613, 0.13307981054919463, 0.1412302186208156, 0.14891646785351137, -0.08696967045155664, -0.30084558377663295, 0.12705960939638317, -0.15664175020065157, -0.1332672867923975, -0.05714980007614941, -0.08786948937922716, -0.12619578006366888, -0.2756226354278624, 0.1155827725927035, -0.10674515248683747, 0.04926689147638778, -0.007504621679739406, -0.14003910236060618, -0.14425059536976428, 0.03696531763513728, 0.20352168180203686, -0.07607315225565496, 0.18915387079274903, -0.21872068176356455, -0.150014485946546, 0.44024374972408015, -0.015401325991842896, -0.14209872141170005, 0.23429690953344107, -0.12722564043166737, -0.22235345111694188, 0.1273995644800986, 0.24020801385243734, 0.06677328593408068, -0.13562621550324064, 0.1655479584078421, -0.002514521482711037, 0.20644697373112042, 0.09403309161619594, 0.12792487805709243, 0.32797206930505735, 0.2089003519465526, 0.09160137557579826, 0.006716056757917007, -0.023969618040913094, -0.06279472387395799, -0.448694704969724, -0.03562017780883859, -0.1282598411043485, 0.016856939151572683, -0.15193617762197392, -0.029053341628362737, 0.37087457189160583, 0.1813252873873959, 0.308931102626957, 0.04936484747255842, 0.2399104590760544, 0.06485755576868542, 0.15913791657270243, 0.001582379297663768, 0.2860834689810872, 0.0723282454845806, 0.1453928746515885, -0.28998129480363183, -0.06611805091767262, 0.10383002913246552]
706.2872
The Coulomb impurity problem in graphene
We address the problem of an unscreened Coulomb charge in graphene, and calculate the local density of states and displaced charge as a function of energy and distance from the impurity. This is done non-perturbatively in two different ways: (1) solving the problem exactly by studying numerically the tight-binding model on the lattice; (2) using the continuum description in terms of the 2D Dirac equation. We show that the Dirac equation, when properly regularized, provides a qualitative and quantitative low energy description of the problem. The lattice solution shows extra features that cannot be described by the Dirac equation, namely bound state formation and strong renormalization of the van Hove singularities.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.mes-hall
we address the problem of an unscreened coulomb charge in graphene and calculate the local density of states and displaced charge as a function of energy and distance from the impurity this is done nonperturbatively in two different ways 1 solving the problem exactly by studying numerically the tightbinding model on the lattice 2 using the continuum description in terms of the 2d dirac equation we show that the dirac equation when properly regularized provides a qualitative and quantitative low energy description of the problem the lattice solution shows extra features that cannot be described by the dirac equation namely bound state formation and strong renormalization of the van hove singularities
[['we', 'address', 'the', 'problem', 'of', 'an', 'unscreened', 'coulomb', 'charge', 'in', 'graphene', 'and', 'calculate', 'the', 'local', 'density', 'of', 'states', 'and', 'displaced', 'charge', 'as', 'a', 'function', 'of', 'energy', 'and', 'distance', 'from', 'the', 'impurity', 'this', 'is', 'done', 'nonperturbatively', 'in', 'two', 'different', 'ways', '1', 'solving', 'the', 'problem', 'exactly', 'by', 'studying', 'numerically', 'the', 'tightbinding', 'model', 'on', 'the', 'lattice', '2', 'using', 'the', 'continuum', 'description', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'the', '2d', 'dirac', 'equation', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'dirac', 'equation', 'when', 'properly', 'regularized', 'provides', 'a', 'qualitative', 'and', 'quantitative', 'low', 'energy', 'description', 'of', 'the', 'problem', 'the', 'lattice', 'solution', 'shows', 'extra', 'features', 'that', 'can', 'not', 'be', 'described', 'by', 'the', 'dirac', 'equation', 'namely', 'bound', 'state', 'formation', 'and', 'strong', 'renormalization', 'of', 'the', 'van', 'hove', 'singularities']]
[-0.12821715805746084, 0.11080854823181394, -0.09109927890157062, 0.09759690844553656, 0.006277116662074279, -0.14431997633905017, 0.039121497181310715, 0.3146072451407755, -0.282459033520094, -0.30042759889121434, -0.003653888988732693, -0.31864550897652016, -0.15594489161490596, 0.12435918007603115, 0.03309933360599514, 0.06103642026989421, 0.045223686559308716, -0.007590788690972009, -0.11450989787408616, -0.2058181510302737, 0.3526738097591858, 0.018670405676987554, 0.2653691310468795, 0.14383671393027594, 0.07118259266800513, 0.04199307669685887, 0.0467995591253774, 0.0502516093547456, -0.1404394104388952, 0.07832367536372788, 0.2066588162373851, -0.014878400572342798, 0.24614246862308523, -0.44760009149155977, -0.22248033642868645, 0.03273681912521299, 0.16433721340217744, 0.15980527355402177, -0.04202090685534391, -0.2840449900540989, 0.0617052488004057, -0.1564177023413192, -0.1804626059851476, -0.05897641905383872, -0.03903820087933647, -0.008788671677133866, -0.22357254646859864, 0.12925806180075078, 0.02915169689263816, 0.006714947521686554, -0.1158779939786265, -0.10746166522481612, -0.059984556147745546, 0.0797633478019374, 0.02438821186764731, 0.030619066017347256, 0.07734001279043566, -0.1748217335947889, -0.08703716500479329, 0.4068115052401221, -0.08290160234069585, -0.22976960863992904, 0.14036712058753306, -0.11745031895614895, -0.06232600738751769, 0.10364040171095569, 0.09288974672589186, 0.10954298651527747, -0.1752630065546847, 0.14814235019295147, -0.049826025652042256, 0.1255832417061486, 0.05499887852264302, 0.025468433903630024, 0.20889627181791834, 0.13192556835669425, 0.07640065064853323, 0.11904289258174165, -0.0677874196283353, -0.09917340372963476, -0.29588153574150056, -0.14125446622711024, -0.2515489901519946, 0.08698428892252455, -0.10370946532449514, -0.1834007116516919, 0.4472638048789252, 0.11415292717200438, 0.21493074594140385, -0.01815805962542072, 0.2593549333458733, 0.20332110810288992, 0.004512440488075039, 0.06013537195810516, 0.23106599183769763, 0.11019641593364733, 0.060147347032657957, -0.30117768950003665, -0.02839651790314487, 0.14413440650969278]
706.2873
Astrophysical Violations of the Kerr Bound as a Possible Signature of String Theory
In 4D general relativity, the angular momentum of a black hole is limited by the Kerr bound. We suggest that in string theory, this bound can be breached and compact black-hole-like objects can spin faster. Near such "superspinars," the efficiency of energy transfer from the accreting matter to radiation can reach 100%, compared to the maximum efficiency of 42% of the extremal Kerr (or 6% of the Schwarzschild) black hole. Finding such superspinning objects as active galactic nuclei, GBHCs, or sources of gamma ray bursts, could be viewed as experimental support for string theory.
hep-th astro-ph hep-ph
in 4d general relativity the angular momentum of a black hole is limited by the kerr bound we suggest that in string theory this bound can be breached and compact blackholelike objects can spin faster near such superspinars the efficiency of energy transfer from the accreting matter to radiation can reach 100 compared to the maximum efficiency of 42 of the extremal kerr or 6 of the schwarzschild black hole finding such superspinning objects as active galactic nuclei gbhcs or sources of gamma ray bursts could be viewed as experimental support for string theory
[['in', '4d', 'general', 'relativity', 'the', 'angular', 'momentum', 'of', 'a', 'black', 'hole', 'is', 'limited', 'by', 'the', 'kerr', 'bound', 'we', 'suggest', 'that', 'in', 'string', 'theory', 'this', 'bound', 'can', 'be', 'breached', 'and', 'compact', 'blackholelike', 'objects', 'can', 'spin', 'faster', 'near', 'such', 'superspinars', 'the', 'efficiency', 'of', 'energy', 'transfer', 'from', 'the', 'accreting', 'matter', 'to', 'radiation', 'can', 'reach', '100', 'compared', 'to', 'the', 'maximum', 'efficiency', 'of', '42', 'of', 'the', 'extremal', 'kerr', 'or', '6', 'of', 'the', 'schwarzschild', 'black', 'hole', 'finding', 'such', 'superspinning', 'objects', 'as', 'active', 'galactic', 'nuclei', 'gbhcs', 'or', 'sources', 'of', 'gamma', 'ray', 'bursts', 'could', 'be', 'viewed', 'as', 'experimental', 'support', 'for', 'string', 'theory']]
[-0.09919153650351349, 0.16506140823325804, -0.04628074257284082, 0.15766772537201804, -0.1080604245766036, -0.11574554028269905, 0.03967234018378921, 0.3230493967120926, -0.1875694454397245, -0.37347335600724785, 0.06623843255432783, -0.3319741644125472, -0.026951091469175393, 0.2513063725795076, -0.06867483700875954, 0.035206494923000056, -0.0023944048293595833, 0.055980138564532406, -0.07809247855367439, -0.18431882649880424, 0.31640482070024617, 0.13924752746618563, 0.19028149319121673, 0.012194536140649229, 0.06747296635782526, -0.01556277715961539, 0.03347200774137051, 0.04894833229432103, -0.09503596568999935, 0.08311946144307493, 0.2913036257108694, 0.14329736005897903, 0.15362311489078948, -0.40194076011257784, -0.26401335422590533, 0.07991944396648035, 0.20196520748813587, 0.14629724804031594, -0.10516487927206102, -0.25323313410564136, 0.11142890687759024, -0.23872298565042274, -0.16664817029490106, -0.021199800291909807, 0.042936903023992175, 0.0112920702605318, -0.19021962984134594, 0.11672231491895453, 0.09668019434977923, -0.07310352160004518, -0.10402364895293509, -0.05152094659335431, -0.05924381204049594, 0.047787543416263595, 0.10008625029986824, 0.08173847929931306, 0.2203366828691815, -0.12010233137526259, -0.15325172851362856, 0.3811540851189244, -0.054270803607920165, -0.13881685418547482, 0.17186207790428432, -0.23589292859097802, -0.06069056589096304, 0.15189239605059546, 0.1909997032858902, 0.24214953979256973, -0.0956998418175405, 0.08462387395419321, -0.002776133204479852, 0.16905485163192435, 0.1271985261951403, 0.10182211090753016, 0.3892885585946421, 0.1250480839592074, 0.020362514662005567, 0.12873717636040222, -0.13554502183431258, -0.042122848291871365, -0.27156172719313415, -0.1393504173492372, -0.1786404687871215, 0.17967622023656643, -0.17384353665098604, -0.11118926927359694, 0.282549122358442, 0.06886080593766986, 0.17349271446226106, -0.017645883070985958, 0.2375090322394665, 0.06710897929345568, 0.034549220480144985, 0.14114814740856008, 0.38743754406209274, 0.10615729175317752, 0.06926779451489609, -0.22599675856100054, -0.04329283286501924, 0.04530417596701012]
706.2874
Parametrized spaces model locally constant homotopy sheaves
We prove that the homotopy theory of parametrized spaces embeds fully and faithfully in the homotopy theory of simplicial presheaves, and that its essential image consists of the locally homotopically constant objects. This gives a homotopy-theoretic version of the classical identification of covering spaces with locally constant sheaves. We also prove a new version of the classical result that spaces parametrized over X are equivalent to spaces with an action of the loop space of X. This gives a homotopy-theoretic version of the correspondence between covering spaces over X and sets with an action of the fundamental group of X. We then use these two equivalences to study base change functors for parametrized spaces.
math.AT
we prove that the homotopy theory of parametrized spaces embeds fully and faithfully in the homotopy theory of simplicial presheaves and that its essential image consists of the locally homotopically constant objects this gives a homotopytheoretic version of the classical identification of covering spaces with locally constant sheaves we also prove a new version of the classical result that spaces parametrized over x are equivalent to spaces with an action of the loop space of x this gives a homotopytheoretic version of the correspondence between covering spaces over x and sets with an action of the fundamental group of x we then use these two equivalences to study base change functors for parametrized spaces
[['we', 'prove', 'that', 'the', 'homotopy', 'theory', 'of', 'parametrized', 'spaces', 'embeds', 'fully', 'and', 'faithfully', 'in', 'the', 'homotopy', 'theory', 'of', 'simplicial', 'presheaves', 'and', 'that', 'its', 'essential', 'image', 'consists', 'of', 'the', 'locally', 'homotopically', 'constant', 'objects', 'this', 'gives', 'a', 'homotopytheoretic', 'version', 'of', 'the', 'classical', 'identification', 'of', 'covering', 'spaces', 'with', 'locally', 'constant', 'sheaves', 'we', 'also', 'prove', 'a', 'new', 'version', 'of', 'the', 'classical', 'result', 'that', 'spaces', 'parametrized', 'over', 'x', 'are', 'equivalent', 'to', 'spaces', 'with', 'an', 'action', 'of', 'the', 'loop', 'space', 'of', 'x', 'this', 'gives', 'a', 'homotopytheoretic', 'version', 'of', 'the', 'correspondence', 'between', 'covering', 'spaces', 'over', 'x', 'and', 'sets', 'with', 'an', 'action', 'of', 'the', 'fundamental', 'group', 'of', 'x', 'we', 'then', 'use', 'these', 'two', 'equivalences', 'to', 'study', 'base', 'change', 'functors', 'for', 'parametrized', 'spaces']]
[-0.1355145207303474, 0.07061484383583568, -0.10662367919525295, 0.08567391892102662, -0.06125877675878113, -0.08961290608797419, 0.010833787100732718, 0.3741528366676025, -0.37260082651648607, -0.21102665443986393, 0.07402570495124612, -0.20082271671772264, -0.13960536663306125, 0.20096000617271975, -0.19341791561690339, -0.06357895166729577, 0.036507662949397376, 0.08076514102714627, -0.12541993869378706, -0.27866929849679173, 0.4627328285735035, -0.04752966080253061, 0.21488517802700108, 0.008634584277802915, 0.17822280069077878, 0.038305836270171166, -0.03271855799105476, 0.04602063166589288, -0.15562995556600773, 0.2268918260938096, 0.2839104014759262, 0.08343601132448959, 0.21610421590556048, -0.3394716980033799, -0.17573470992481402, 0.1643949538967654, 0.08833207109567236, 0.0017610541626549604, 0.015010080208364678, -0.31846021524663165, 0.10527565176680423, -0.16555312299578076, -0.09318938335452817, -0.10132226798879473, 0.04387294619115429, 0.004346561395530507, -0.23514141429934585, -0.06303312112153467, 0.08244961878415524, 0.07813000937989145, -0.11664825773556929, -0.013777932001016381, -0.055839223056018614, 0.12704745610653048, -0.011956905194541864, 0.0838753774643696, 0.08625472599656828, -0.06699666000592212, -0.1365206649714852, 0.3966496784174651, -0.09508617178193833, -0.22253964297277362, 0.14932718038101467, -0.13703941545355247, -0.16944601474607593, 0.1251975033889737, 0.05857590618625022, 0.17142501046570638, -0.020586539791047312, 0.20304619354091732, -0.13064863024638934, 0.13412387629872874, 0.05722339840589516, 0.04990974916226901, 0.1310093945480491, 0.14972088313988297, 0.11396537362924662, 0.138233263911516, 0.009194806120113322, -0.08976304044706028, -0.39232660307173145, -0.20106058613511554, -0.0670140056866793, 0.11569800842226598, -0.12644590002756767, -0.23108144700445496, 0.3672729732280826, 0.0899651788589708, 0.1978893942595868, 0.16396851692218006, 0.2233941045573406, 0.018376258830948358, 0.00563902634996594, 0.034022676668603695, 0.141944390983043, 0.2309198312853512, -0.0075074004667010485, -0.06602581730520908, -0.0459550018626543, 0.25403322403221146]
706.2875
Nonradiative DKR processes: revisiting the theory. IV. On the controversy over a polaron state bound to an F center in alkali halides
We are commenting on an earlier hypothesis of polaron states bound to F centers in alkali halides. These states increasing the effective size of the color centers, they play an active role in concentration-dependent phenomena, such as the observed quenching of F center luminescence. Our record shows only one related study on NaBr and NaI which has also been aimed at checking the bound polaron hypothesis. Further studies of the concentration quenching in other alkali halide hosts whould eventually shine more light on the problem.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
we are commenting on an earlier hypothesis of polaron states bound to f centers in alkali halides these states increasing the effective size of the color centers they play an active role in concentrationdependent phenomena such as the observed quenching of f center luminescence our record shows only one related study on nabr and nai which has also been aimed at checking the bound polaron hypothesis further studies of the concentration quenching in other alkali halide hosts whould eventually shine more light on the problem
[['we', 'are', 'commenting', 'on', 'an', 'earlier', 'hypothesis', 'of', 'polaron', 'states', 'bound', 'to', 'f', 'centers', 'in', 'alkali', 'halides', 'these', 'states', 'increasing', 'the', 'effective', 'size', 'of', 'the', 'color', 'centers', 'they', 'play', 'an', 'active', 'role', 'in', 'concentrationdependent', 'phenomena', 'such', 'as', 'the', 'observed', 'quenching', 'of', 'f', 'center', 'luminescence', 'our', 'record', 'shows', 'only', 'one', 'related', 'study', 'on', 'nabr', 'and', 'nai', 'which', 'has', 'also', 'been', 'aimed', 'at', 'checking', 'the', 'bound', 'polaron', 'hypothesis', 'further', 'studies', 'of', 'the', 'concentration', 'quenching', 'in', 'other', 'alkali', 'halide', 'hosts', 'whould', 'eventually', 'shine', 'more', 'light', 'on', 'the', 'problem']]
[-0.08516248818897806, 0.18253549542038372, -0.08288740926038693, 0.06705852615482667, 0.01837826715234448, -0.15218214778339162, 0.0743999645990484, 0.40932644616593333, -0.19731090734164944, -0.30102015003041527, 0.03727922907564789, -0.3347594109528205, -0.09185733315260972, 0.1803803267176537, -0.01369755468057359, -0.00022107862374361824, 0.005700572032262297, 0.023712284446639174, -0.005518109402071466, -0.2771945621818304, 0.27385190142154253, 0.07728045494021739, 0.3043394932194668, 0.12856100564274717, -0.022721580279004925, -0.004398769216940684, 0.03243242685463937, -0.039913667741176835, -0.13088118208517485, 0.1122004342128468, 0.24838742171140277, 0.06088397320246954, 0.2636691780760884, -0.4306745278484681, -0.21692501098355826, 0.09491265126613571, 0.16682148470050273, 0.1253526124322568, -0.15406708739071345, -0.2626076999093022, 0.030810366050504585, -0.11592356807531734, -0.16239297036081551, 0.002350447074893643, 0.05731355063617229, 0.010618216585477486, -0.18216496299513998, 0.06343985289294163, 0.07926203064784845, 0.08726796675473451, -0.12181724108865156, -0.17947051387061091, -0.03773853697485345, 0.07136589845313746, 0.029517594133229817, 0.01737848775296965, 0.20089034824906027, -0.11411521282485303, -0.09004403990419473, 0.34837306334691887, -0.06377675686004187, -0.0677028490778278, 0.23689149545834345, -0.14469130862065974, -0.16253622396376585, 0.11903305017553709, 0.15314884266870862, 0.1472407772917958, -0.09142567555913154, 0.02811696967589395, -0.06416666770203258, 0.16760603560353904, 0.06011882133453208, 0.10699794293819544, 0.22715445652891716, 0.18878050707280636, 0.05488036826307721, 0.098318272895481, -0.06563867987133562, -0.05020678941270008, -0.18866399719708543, -0.17204975282143364, -0.15786167377304725, 0.05270969173083465, -0.05828904546232319, -0.13598890260738486, 0.3607907333137358, 0.09477630150230491, 0.20005836025537813, -0.06804755874772501, 0.19915280379354955, 0.07770000981496089, 0.10979528420549982, 0.006169043738833245, 0.2701406433740083, 0.11480899682158933, 0.049777595398208016, -0.31237289762562687, 0.11952492722912747, 0.04387322570032933]
706.2876
On the Nonexistence of Quadratic Lyapunov Functions for Consensus Algorithms
We provide an example proving that there exists no quadratic Lyapunov function for a certain class of linear agreement/consensus algorithms, a fact that had been numerically verified in [5]. We also briefly discuss sufficient conditions for the existence of such a Lyapunov function.
math.OC
we provide an example proving that there exists no quadratic lyapunov function for a certain class of linear agreementconsensus algorithms a fact that had been numerically verified in 5 we also briefly discuss sufficient conditions for the existence of such a lyapunov function
[['we', 'provide', 'an', 'example', 'proving', 'that', 'there', 'exists', 'no', 'quadratic', 'lyapunov', 'function', 'for', 'a', 'certain', 'class', 'of', 'linear', 'agreementconsensus', 'algorithms', 'a', 'fact', 'that', 'had', 'been', 'numerically', 'verified', 'in', '5', 'we', 'also', 'briefly', 'discuss', 'sufficient', 'conditions', 'for', 'the', 'existence', 'of', 'such', 'a', 'lyapunov', 'function']]
[-0.18852869461157493, 0.05820890955406607, -0.11149839968198821, 0.15514967621614537, -0.034798830963804255, -0.14829301218768315, 0.012585594041627787, 0.38541706070481313, -0.24074552784718217, -0.20821069930458352, 0.16688888675499974, -0.18105413341185167, -0.2850623339902432, 0.2808531148447877, -0.024960980717358843, 0.11719492649925607, 0.026700748479925096, 0.04728594319853333, -0.10597463284752198, -0.2736406093019815, 0.3330192354263827, -0.03363770882355138, 0.17935638103101934, 0.13337729882360214, 0.16269149412844508, -0.013183567905798554, 0.01936841868640234, 0.06701080244688672, -0.21636439562904083, 0.010341757775417395, 0.2611839861742088, 0.2002796979255176, 0.3592435270547867, -0.36347997436920804, -0.16486554535194523, 0.21842865676929554, 0.118498072405124, 0.10615398388888155, -0.17757190719601654, -0.18780202888661907, 0.1753032591576422, -0.1589192934334278, -0.20763604010322265, -0.11217507941737062, 0.07674490385467098, 0.02129205289695944, -0.300700204779527, 0.018603348654800185, 0.09811719852898802, 0.12811130679966437, -0.09325680496736563, -0.11053582925039034, -0.006678364915950667, 0.06391440064735002, 0.026620710667754923, -0.021163125333952763, 0.03597324284990983, -0.07588174204075974, -0.14061110779376967, 0.2866170048447592, -0.05933699005150369, -0.2480026176642804, 0.19340551036986567, -0.09066696468341563, -0.19804018378324276, 0.08779628510542568, 0.10574943483585403, 0.11242906057408877, -0.15312222355888003, 0.11462353158830887, -0.134232244631719, 0.17096280209010556, 0.08945367392152548, 0.03392311999119729, 0.13244184219677532, 0.10901291341343451, 0.1568217524659953, 0.18573414099713167, -0.003251199056172655, -0.05974296056887224, -0.37569604645527543, -0.17982225094567098, -0.17400361466709346, 0.06433185410319961, -0.0802963316617977, -0.18727288299816705, 0.3906299475403059, 0.11190713361637401, 0.16984819620847702, 0.13568167703314907, 0.1989530128332609, 0.2099103898605487, 0.015330723231835734, 0.10321571010475357, 0.2849222633910055, 0.10042333402227432, 0.04613058887688177, -0.17322986597372664, 0.07662950558144421, 0.07379851451176885]
706.2877
A wavelength-tunable fiber-coupled source of narrowband entangled photons
We demonstrate a wavelength-tunable, fiber-coupled source of polarization-entangled photons with extremely high spectral brightness and quality of entanglement. Using a 25 mm PPKTP crystal inside a polarization Sagnac interferometer we detect a spectral brightness of 273000 pairs/(s mW nm), a factor of 28 better than comparable previous sources while state tomography showed the two-photon state to have a tangle of T=0.987. This improvement was achieved by use of a long crystal, careful selection of focusing parameters and single-mode fiber coupling. We demonstrate that, due to the particular geometry of the setup, the signal and idler wavelengths can be tuned over a wide range without loss of entanglement.
quant-ph
we demonstrate a wavelengthtunable fibercoupled source of polarizationentangled photons with extremely high spectral brightness and quality of entanglement using a 25 mm ppktp crystal inside a polarization sagnac interferometer we detect a spectral brightness of 273000 pairss mw nm a factor of 28 better than comparable previous sources while state tomography showed the twophoton state to have a tangle of t0987 this improvement was achieved by use of a long crystal careful selection of focusing parameters and singlemode fiber coupling we demonstrate that due to the particular geometry of the setup the signal and idler wavelengths can be tuned over a wide range without loss of entanglement
[['we', 'demonstrate', 'a', 'wavelengthtunable', 'fibercoupled', 'source', 'of', 'polarizationentangled', 'photons', 'with', 'extremely', 'high', 'spectral', 'brightness', 'and', 'quality', 'of', 'entanglement', 'using', 'a', '25', 'mm', 'ppktp', 'crystal', 'inside', 'a', 'polarization', 'sagnac', 'interferometer', 'we', 'detect', 'a', 'spectral', 'brightness', 'of', '273000', 'pairss', 'mw', 'nm', 'a', 'factor', 'of', '28', 'better', 'than', 'comparable', 'previous', 'sources', 'while', 'state', 'tomography', 'showed', 'the', 'twophoton', 'state', 'to', 'have', 'a', 'tangle', 'of', 't0987', 'this', 'improvement', 'was', 'achieved', 'by', 'use', 'of', 'a', 'long', 'crystal', 'careful', 'selection', 'of', 'focusing', 'parameters', 'and', 'singlemode', 'fiber', 'coupling', 'we', 'demonstrate', 'that', 'due', 'to', 'the', 'particular', 'geometry', 'of', 'the', 'setup', 'the', 'signal', 'and', 'idler', 'wavelengths', 'can', 'be', 'tuned', 'over', 'a', 'wide', 'range', 'without', 'loss', 'of', 'entanglement']]
[-0.10093765616267254, 0.13965025029278227, -0.0792302667008092, -0.02799592583684162, -0.027674376937959877, -0.1609224026357489, 0.08255202906827132, 0.5004653629092943, -0.1806349515914917, -0.352098048034878, 0.049744681344323215, -0.24145215395172792, -0.019913544536878665, 0.24977645130739326, -0.050661251623006096, 0.08291794705603804, 0.08312249555962072, -0.05751710015216044, -0.05631608257646717, -0.18337278772101162, 0.2394248036046823, 0.10024687227283027, 0.34069699469421594, 0.03007215013106664, 0.1661781349285905, -0.010890326351814326, 0.0176484782603525, -0.04075090164939563, -0.0670735991408167, 0.09303716584330514, 0.2302811182037528, 0.06704836194625213, 0.23700989445760137, -0.3524599369437922, -0.25772212537537725, 0.08434456353341895, 0.11954728942364454, 0.12819614077563443, -0.02127262289813232, -0.2934773853758261, 0.04140320043633914, -0.16585795417638674, -0.10163358301146044, -0.012244348702508779, -0.03836056101357653, -0.00206147819657677, -0.25244309791762914, 0.04480672122888445, 0.01654454819591982, 0.08149528961539979, 0.021423896375511373, -0.04255323819372626, -0.020326488890818187, 0.03567354613471599, -0.0972895525129778, 0.06725267350474107, 0.15417610952808034, -0.15435407880050617, -0.11354523362769257, 0.345308928049746, -0.13694644708011766, -0.08051297073917729, 0.11563306073879911, -0.17090652466840334, -0.00917616303832758, 0.20506128406240826, 0.14418205733167097, 0.11808756837798726, -0.08613631101768641, -0.021932773293727743, 0.01330232718915102, 0.3203733535394782, 0.1835498304993269, 0.1505315914727925, 0.20779386420867274, 0.17128169798026127, 0.022654121078639514, 0.2198515659852308, -0.19787663128670482, 0.007829300491582779, -0.25352457406974976, -0.1545198317040645, -0.18994920276814983, 0.1135490120942926, -0.1161810972368888, -0.09422318426215844, 0.44022477711772634, 0.10073234742684734, 0.1703540574049666, 0.0043808512190090755, 0.2979946323803493, 0.09010652764922096, 0.09449116813262835, 0.01521874058636881, 0.33615295528323347, 0.17260979424186407, 0.08970863040026632, -0.24311780899408317, -0.017739092656189486, -0.08638586863387554]
706.2878
On the solutions of generalized discrete Poisson equation
The set of common numerical and analytical problems is introduced in the form of the generalized multidimensional discrete Poisson equation. It is shown that its solutions with square-summable discrete derivatives are unique up to a constant. The proof uses the Fourier transform as the main tool. The necessary condition for the existence of the solution is provided.
math-ph math.MP
the set of common numerical and analytical problems is introduced in the form of the generalized multidimensional discrete poisson equation it is shown that its solutions with squaresummable discrete derivatives are unique up to a constant the proof uses the fourier transform as the main tool the necessary condition for the existence of the solution is provided
[['the', 'set', 'of', 'common', 'numerical', 'and', 'analytical', 'problems', 'is', 'introduced', 'in', 'the', 'form', 'of', 'the', 'generalized', 'multidimensional', 'discrete', 'poisson', 'equation', 'it', 'is', 'shown', 'that', 'its', 'solutions', 'with', 'squaresummable', 'discrete', 'derivatives', 'are', 'unique', 'up', 'to', 'a', 'constant', 'the', 'proof', 'uses', 'the', 'fourier', 'transform', 'as', 'the', 'main', 'tool', 'the', 'necessary', 'condition', 'for', 'the', 'existence', 'of', 'the', 'solution', 'is', 'provided']]
[-0.10150829666465717, 0.0191981131619398, -0.12825057188277705, 0.0697649730381703, -0.1256975397925105, -0.10637095333648879, -0.014259836542534461, 0.2909629053125779, -0.3278412918249766, -0.2276071874718917, 0.16643084977496123, -0.24986177231103443, -0.17668620366276355, 0.21843561103665515, -0.0299967763528816, 0.1303589049422411, 0.03273109638687681, 0.06760464049875736, -0.03892037272861783, -0.2381946410199529, 0.3227808848676974, 0.010439698949962724, 0.2608309733771245, 0.04560166536095111, 0.16648606171733454, -0.03662721776779283, -0.06273532351642325, -0.04115627599847421, -0.14034584763098873, 0.10801134936576873, 0.19821838583192675, 0.12457560558329549, 0.30800687338699373, -0.38588751450573144, -0.1678736332248439, 0.09640766908169578, 0.11111650461527078, 0.05536985469230434, -0.06361512713983916, -0.2698625636597474, 0.1440605132170675, -0.08720217864110805, -0.20780400432678953, -0.10284364314978583, 0.010072668556842888, 0.08657065867201279, -0.320425407830299, 0.08015360939724926, 0.08441632529393885, -0.03325859241579708, -0.11237360012774732, -0.08549993620825964, -0.010498366919101068, 0.09829770253252304, 0.05753712124893801, 0.021424234517964356, -0.011420121955636301, -0.04666596463178856, -0.06841514754648272, 0.41414019818368714, -0.04531315103042544, -0.2911844813640703, 0.1736885336832258, -0.10009766257319011, -0.11426759878859709, 0.14230304628839358, 0.07673962053989894, 0.1332739071691768, -0.14385450046444148, 0.14455735555894902, -0.07091621353634094, 0.12170847982429621, 0.08076941856722299, 0.00042496560337512116, 0.102120821282529, 0.13654398923053554, 0.11846020046556205, 0.15442181067345173, -0.016905317005390923, -0.13487424531526732, -0.37809106246813345, -0.18475616729834624, -0.22411168200012885, 0.04564314985059594, -0.11434856576721486, -0.20997234780429208, 0.3847793828034283, 0.0797980170239482, 0.11509666486496203, 0.06521008104870193, 0.2753414678215784, 0.22255522424070237, 0.02700874374836291, 0.06453122220639336, 0.15311518478158273, 0.2069061144312288, 0.1034417647476259, -0.1810452427894792, 0.04879012495573414, 0.13128696347733862]
706.2879
X-rays from RU Lupi - Accretion and winds in CTTS
Using three XMM-Newton observations we study the X-ray emission of RU Lup, a accreting and wind-driving CTTS. In comparison with other bright CTTS we study possible signatures of accretion and winds in their X-ray emission. Results: We find three levels of activity among the observations of RU Lup, clearly of magnetic origin due to the corresponding high plasma temperatures. Density analysis with the OVII triplet indicates high densities in the cool plasma, suggesting accretion shocks to be a significant contributor to the soft X-ray emission. No strong overall metal depletion is observed. Excess emission at 6.4 keV during the more active phase suggest the presence of iron fluorescence. In accreting stars we find an excess of cool plasma as evidenced by lower OVIII/OVII line ratios compared to main-sequence stars. High density plasma appears to be only present in low-mass CTTS, while accreting stars with intermediate masses (> 2 M_Sun) have lower densities. Conclusions: In all investigated CTTS the characteristics of the cooler X-ray emitting plasma are influenced by the accretion process. We suspect different accretion rates and amount of funneling, possibly linked to stellar mass and radius, to be mainly responsible for the different properties of their cool plasma component. The exceptional strong X-ray absorption in RU Lup and other CTTS is probably related to accretion flows and an optically transparent wind emanating from the star or the disk.
astro-ph
using three xmmnewton observations we study the xray emission of ru lup a accreting and winddriving ctts in comparison with other bright ctts we study possible signatures of accretion and winds in their xray emission results we find three levels of activity among the observations of ru lup clearly of magnetic origin due to the corresponding high plasma temperatures density analysis with the ovii triplet indicates high densities in the cool plasma suggesting accretion shocks to be a significant contributor to the soft xray emission no strong overall metal depletion is observed excess emission at 64 kev during the more active phase suggest the presence of iron fluorescence in accreting stars we find an excess of cool plasma as evidenced by lower oviiiovii line ratios compared to mainsequence stars high density plasma appears to be only present in lowmass ctts while accreting stars with intermediate masses 2 m_sun have lower densities conclusions in all investigated ctts the characteristics of the cooler xray emitting plasma are influenced by the accretion process we suspect different accretion rates and amount of funneling possibly linked to stellar mass and radius to be mainly responsible for the different properties of their cool plasma component the exceptional strong xray absorption in ru lup and other ctts is probably related to accretion flows and an optically transparent wind emanating from the star or the disk
[['using', 'three', 'xmmnewton', 'observations', 'we', 'study', 'the', 'xray', 'emission', 'of', 'ru', 'lup', 'a', 'accreting', 'and', 'winddriving', 'ctts', 'in', 'comparison', 'with', 'other', 'bright', 'ctts', 'we', 'study', 'possible', 'signatures', 'of', 'accretion', 'and', 'winds', 'in', 'their', 'xray', 'emission', 'results', 'we', 'find', 'three', 'levels', 'of', 'activity', 'among', 'the', 'observations', 'of', 'ru', 'lup', 'clearly', 'of', 'magnetic', 'origin', 'due', 'to', 'the', 'corresponding', 'high', 'plasma', 'temperatures', 'density', 'analysis', 'with', 'the', 'ovii', 'triplet', 'indicates', 'high', 'densities', 'in', 'the', 'cool', 'plasma', 'suggesting', 'accretion', 'shocks', 'to', 'be', 'a', 'significant', 'contributor', 'to', 'the', 'soft', 'xray', 'emission', 'no', 'strong', 'overall', 'metal', 'depletion', 'is', 'observed', 'excess', 'emission', 'at', '64', 'kev', 'during', 'the', 'more', 'active', 'phase', 'suggest', 'the', 'presence', 'of', 'iron', 'fluorescence', 'in', 'accreting', 'stars', 'we', 'find', 'an', 'excess', 'of', 'cool', 'plasma', 'as', 'evidenced', 'by', 'lower', 'oviiiovii', 'line', 'ratios', 'compared', 'to', 'mainsequence', 'stars', 'high', 'density', 'plasma', 'appears', 'to', 'be', 'only', 'present', 'in', 'lowmass', 'ctts', 'while', 'accreting', 'stars', 'with', 'intermediate', 'masses', '2', 'm_sun', 'have', 'lower', 'densities', 'conclusions', 'in', 'all', 'investigated', 'ctts', 'the', 'characteristics', 'of', 'the', 'cooler', 'xray', 'emitting', 'plasma', 'are', 'influenced', 'by', 'the', 'accretion', 'process', 'we', 'suspect', 'different', 'accretion', 'rates', 'and', 'amount', 'of', 'funneling', 'possibly', 'linked', 'to', 'stellar', 'mass', 'and', 'radius', 'to', 'be', 'mainly', 'responsible', 'for', 'the', 'different', 'properties', 'of', 'their', 'cool', 'plasma', 'component', 'the', 'exceptional', 'strong', 'xray', 'absorption', 'in', 'ru', 'lup', 'and', 'other', 'ctts', 'is', 'probably', 'related', 'to', 'accretion', 'flows', 'and', 'an', 'optically', 'transparent', 'wind', 'emanating', 'from', 'the', 'star', 'or', 'the', 'disk']]
[-0.048903966514857296, 0.1923729822965029, -0.007845602457776732, 0.11170325941119928, -0.07923406901223676, -0.09782346932315944, 0.05854256406999788, 0.47181076823122436, -0.16559351050184162, -0.36121903557642177, 0.04180979490585806, -0.34032728179616417, 0.03768264615830313, 0.1784789312952957, -0.022850075209439456, -0.052690034668630044, 0.03732141504055997, -0.0971832859859646, -0.04102625489534425, -0.1851556219790328, 0.2900389975125569, 0.07206866937886415, 0.14078504295141686, 0.029649576120948345, -0.0032405031410082845, -0.1506223392430262, -0.05102219587060652, -0.050125418923741887, -0.0978783160082161, 0.008702636591778322, 0.24402495661426318, 0.08000165669710092, 0.17708889306789585, -0.3839036165634047, -0.25327087333220744, 0.015839340120127283, 0.20451627155798713, -0.03225760544354859, -0.08419302118961886, -0.20792476045499075, 0.0532896011313403, -0.18927058048283738, -0.16604833285086315, 0.06126145339725562, 0.04945986750761318, 0.021559681926211875, -0.23429213562725923, 0.1176885756761931, 0.08110438682147125, 0.10029534681696067, -0.1677016925604169, -0.06884885988801324, -0.10173261408090985, 0.02723740106592127, 0.11786463716267895, 0.0520412206797479, 0.24880430593856895, -0.1449876779624741, -0.037228098118653116, 0.37618990596137647, -0.10871513642469166, 0.049046049756100524, 0.29401256795562314, -0.2821526507988556, -0.1935229487963316, 0.2590527819358797, 0.12422811582126544, 0.15492507374829034, -0.13346086093737428, -0.06528499239228977, -0.01551913262892613, 0.2133717913332391, 0.04386136828027337, 0.09252435713647433, 0.38638801730775363, 0.11484295237934554, -0.04438553467118038, 0.15032270759070243, -0.24967376030940513, -0.010861315279593897, -0.1775402698957152, -0.09669640881834052, -0.08971220944825527, 0.08838510075389173, -0.11513241922592084, -0.13320017980190102, 0.2981817370328318, 0.12626312002498608, 0.22449462283361654, -0.06447790713010496, 0.3113777085826917, 0.1350845821819264, 0.07073103817536738, 0.1849295473329329, 0.3222503754482625, 0.230925396977132, 0.12709569967236978, -0.3159727226370445, 0.1027281340129575, -0.01895301125939558]
706.288
A general method for investigating the roots of all equations by approximation
Translation of the Latin original, "Methodus generalis investigandi radices omnium aequationum per approximationem" (1776). E643 in the Enestrom index. Euler gives a series to find powers of roots of polynomials.
math.HO math.CA math.NA
translation of the latin original methodus generalis investigandi radices omnium aequationum per approximationem 1776 e643 in the enestrom index euler gives a series to find powers of roots of polynomials
[['translation', 'of', 'the', 'latin', 'original', 'methodus', 'generalis', 'investigandi', 'radices', 'omnium', 'aequationum', 'per', 'approximationem', '1776', 'e643', 'in', 'the', 'enestrom', 'index', 'euler', 'gives', 'a', 'series', 'to', 'find', 'powers', 'of', 'roots', 'of', 'polynomials']]
[-0.20280946395359933, 0.01211184534865121, -0.090127010208865, 0.03694765489005173, -0.07965548996192713, -0.07569352807089065, -0.005298739221567909, 0.20697617146652192, -0.28911208632052876, -0.263179002640148, 0.05853411075562084, -0.33025851743877865, -0.08664178002315263, 0.17451451992383227, -0.14387396016779044, 0.0031410532149796686, 0.005671481640699009, 0.05963711766526103, -0.08837137464433908, -0.3200036102595429, 0.20776010640353584, 0.03687276660154263, 0.2136322216441234, -0.023774843585367005, 0.1787508955943243, -0.043639681806477405, -0.06050465251610149, -0.13516769517445937, -0.08602322676839928, 0.12870922521688044, 0.24228937401979542, 0.12145200631736468, 0.25242943634899956, -0.3124975471291691, -0.032476501112493374, 0.08384270319947973, 0.12600759005484483, -0.026534064207226038, 0.055779929738491774, -0.18161465318795914, 0.057612092272999384, -0.19145070699354014, -0.14766517894652983, 0.00799818899637709, 0.08242299019669493, 0.07309438621935745, -0.2713910931100448, 0.07972868190457423, 0.06368645870437224, 0.15711975765104094, 0.0418899852472047, -0.2339295147297283, 0.021405303268693388, 0.05442652826119835, 0.04061584981779257, 0.01219183128948013, -0.04854467293868462, -0.08415178174618632, -0.16171366993997557, 0.43313407339155674, -0.03562508565179693, -0.2033216447258989, 0.001883939141407609, -0.2214077978514979, -0.15729200816713274, 0.19407963733344027, 0.12069836879769962, 0.039499806822277606, 0.03424211707897484, 0.061565584813555084, -0.13608345249667764, 0.1948432169156149, 0.19558919908013195, -0.07277510625620683, 0.09746829109887283, -0.005220126896650375, -0.013159085918838779, 0.2305005293164868, -0.031208121586435784, -0.043506273427434884, -0.23636143786522248, -0.26002053062741953, -0.1502035529119894, 0.1231599614645044, -0.1421714323805645, -0.21778259286656976, 0.4376896962833901, 0.07021253338704507, 0.10362825462167773, 0.15717175610673925, 0.19196983403526247, 0.10950481654920925, 0.060961205257626716, 0.05711253191187401, 0.08986014841745298, 0.15212910482659936, 0.09991186546782653, -0.12471168910269625, -0.021971042481406283, 0.26570775945826125]
706.2881
Cluster Merger Shock Constraints on Particle Acceleration and Nonthermal Pressure in the Intracluster Medium
X-ray observations of galaxy cluster merger shocks can be used to constrain nonthermal processes in the intracluster medium (ICM). The presence of nonthermal pressure components in the ICM, as well as the shock acceleration of particles and their escape, all affect shock jump conditions in distinct ways. Therefore, these processes can be constrained using X-ray surface brightness and temperature maps of merger shock fronts. Here we use these observations to place constraints on particle acceleration efficiency in intermediate Mach number (M ~ 2-3) shocks and explore the potential to constrain the contribution of nonthermal components (e.g., cosmic rays, magnetic field, and turbulence) to ICM pressure in cluster outskirts. We model the hydrodynamic jump conditions in merger shocks discovered in the galaxy clusters A520 (M ~ 2) and 1E 0657-56 (M ~ 3) using a multifluid model comprised of a thermal plasma, a nonthermal plasma, and a magnetic field. Based on the published X-ray spectroscopic data alone, we find that the fractional contribution of cosmic rays accelerated in these shocks is lower than about 10% of the shock downstream pressure. Current observations do not constrain the fractional contribution of nonthermal components to the pressure of the undisturbed shock upstream. Future X-ray observations, however, have the potential to either detect particle acceleration in these shocks through its effect on the shock dynamics, or to place a lower limit on the nonthermal pressure contributions in the undisturbed ICM. We briefly discuss implications for models of particle acceleration in collisionless shocks and the estimates of galaxy cluster masses derived from X-ray and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect observations.
astro-ph
xray observations of galaxy cluster merger shocks can be used to constrain nonthermal processes in the intracluster medium icm the presence of nonthermal pressure components in the icm as well as the shock acceleration of particles and their escape all affect shock jump conditions in distinct ways therefore these processes can be constrained using xray surface brightness and temperature maps of merger shock fronts here we use these observations to place constraints on particle acceleration efficiency in intermediate mach number m 23 shocks and explore the potential to constrain the contribution of nonthermal components eg cosmic rays magnetic field and turbulence to icm pressure in cluster outskirts we model the hydrodynamic jump conditions in merger shocks discovered in the galaxy clusters a520 m 2 and 1e 065756 m 3 using a multifluid model comprised of a thermal plasma a nonthermal plasma and a magnetic field based on the published xray spectroscopic data alone we find that the fractional contribution of cosmic rays accelerated in these shocks is lower than about 10 of the shock downstream pressure current observations do not constrain the fractional contribution of nonthermal components to the pressure of the undisturbed shock upstream future xray observations however have the potential to either detect particle acceleration in these shocks through its effect on the shock dynamics or to place a lower limit on the nonthermal pressure contributions in the undisturbed icm we briefly discuss implications for models of particle acceleration in collisionless shocks and the estimates of galaxy cluster masses derived from xray and sunyaevzeldovich effect observations
[['xray', 'observations', 'of', 'galaxy', 'cluster', 'merger', 'shocks', 'can', 'be', 'used', 'to', 'constrain', 'nonthermal', 'processes', 'in', 'the', 'intracluster', 'medium', 'icm', 'the', 'presence', 'of', 'nonthermal', 'pressure', 'components', 'in', 'the', 'icm', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'the', 'shock', 'acceleration', 'of', 'particles', 'and', 'their', 'escape', 'all', 'affect', 'shock', 'jump', 'conditions', 'in', 'distinct', 'ways', 'therefore', 'these', 'processes', 'can', 'be', 'constrained', 'using', 'xray', 'surface', 'brightness', 'and', 'temperature', 'maps', 'of', 'merger', 'shock', 'fronts', 'here', 'we', 'use', 'these', 'observations', 'to', 'place', 'constraints', 'on', 'particle', 'acceleration', 'efficiency', 'in', 'intermediate', 'mach', 'number', 'm', '23', 'shocks', 'and', 'explore', 'the', 'potential', 'to', 'constrain', 'the', 'contribution', 'of', 'nonthermal', 'components', 'eg', 'cosmic', 'rays', 'magnetic', 'field', 'and', 'turbulence', 'to', 'icm', 'pressure', 'in', 'cluster', 'outskirts', 'we', 'model', 'the', 'hydrodynamic', 'jump', 'conditions', 'in', 'merger', 'shocks', 'discovered', 'in', 'the', 'galaxy', 'clusters', 'a520', 'm', '2', 'and', '1e', '065756', 'm', '3', 'using', 'a', 'multifluid', 'model', 'comprised', 'of', 'a', 'thermal', 'plasma', 'a', 'nonthermal', 'plasma', 'and', 'a', 'magnetic', 'field', 'based', 'on', 'the', 'published', 'xray', 'spectroscopic', 'data', 'alone', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'the', 'fractional', 'contribution', 'of', 'cosmic', 'rays', 'accelerated', 'in', 'these', 'shocks', 'is', 'lower', 'than', 'about', '10', 'of', 'the', 'shock', 'downstream', 'pressure', 'current', 'observations', 'do', 'not', 'constrain', 'the', 'fractional', 'contribution', 'of', 'nonthermal', 'components', 'to', 'the', 'pressure', 'of', 'the', 'undisturbed', 'shock', 'upstream', 'future', 'xray', 'observations', 'however', 'have', 'the', 'potential', 'to', 'either', 'detect', 'particle', 'acceleration', 'in', 'these', 'shocks', 'through', 'its', 'effect', 'on', 'the', 'shock', 'dynamics', 'or', 'to', 'place', 'a', 'lower', 'limit', 'on', 'the', 'nonthermal', 'pressure', 'contributions', 'in', 'the', 'undisturbed', 'icm', 'we', 'briefly', 'discuss', 'implications', 'for', 'models', 'of', 'particle', 'acceleration', 'in', 'collisionless', 'shocks', 'and', 'the', 'estimates', 'of', 'galaxy', 'cluster', 'masses', 'derived', 'from', 'xray', 'and', 'sunyaevzeldovich', 'effect', 'observations']]
[-0.08911461978458146, 0.18416783629822753, -0.08660797410926153, 0.12963010778861814, -0.11841133379020057, -0.01944055262223868, 0.01921408974688298, 0.3991112001637329, -0.2541740778301185, -0.3380959066833088, 0.05182796053258096, -0.2773806963209785, 0.02397826058670965, 0.21973190091499814, 0.06338628947503808, -0.044554281099239194, 0.04594147746548663, -0.0753963435693218, 0.00436690372916646, -0.2319162653731146, 0.2849598817090511, 0.13804959115399004, 0.16256001870267006, 0.04600302711699533, 0.09886805859598324, -0.11480618808003389, -0.06516457946119152, 0.021556050298273448, -0.14792996448909257, -0.004584554792878168, 0.1699501549210536, 0.10814095259636872, 0.21104582673111974, -0.48548204326901095, -0.29533511816430114, 0.05056056952241144, 0.20362943109564163, 0.019746259351210424, -0.050498678693692234, -0.2547714312690808, 0.007854558910895681, -0.1886858774291337, -0.17391818110441226, 0.07671526553968415, -0.007431410744880117, 0.06753478129529719, -0.2144074928152642, 0.18169041716786058, 0.027748165473923114, 0.011589351554162974, -0.1463615315742502, -0.06048131104407096, -0.030580170186373674, 0.03991162272029405, 0.07712610406970764, 0.04122073209822871, 0.26088349326232146, -0.17632282735029048, -0.068205449318192, 0.41748064014223196, -0.06887444770334752, -0.03770849031085769, 0.2630080905735724, -0.24165273725611064, -0.19650144356685553, 0.16707504783800348, 0.20376575119475754, 0.029199895213557543, -0.13704959685957535, 0.009206882770021642, 0.017367511124949355, 0.13308811592580677, 0.0718274517381896, -0.006191857574544143, 0.2946261410500363, 0.08796514639524425, 0.03184967340605154, 0.1201626440589569, -0.2066745651983331, 0.02488867615262956, -0.2620083260306612, -0.12220235765991054, -0.13694547865469398, 0.05678990742200923, -0.14493497085077112, -0.15919053613013306, 0.31781653126218, 0.17863593980477754, 0.162953576535102, -0.02546144063609775, 0.32615181391466724, 0.0984490112811706, -0.00801251066195266, 0.16733278806480154, 0.30090235588465664, 0.22006633384839105, 0.1066612326991275, -0.2585838636601806, 0.06891669853871991, 0.006043686131701278]
706.2882
Hole doping dependences of the magnetic penetration depth and vortex core size in YBa2Cu3Oy: Evidence for stripe correlations near 1/8 hole doping
We report on muon spin rotation measurements of the internal magnetic field distribution n(B) in the vortex solid phase of YBa2Cu3Oy (YBCO) single crystals, from which we have simultaneously determined the hole doping dependences of the in-plane Ginzburg-Landau (GL) length scales in the underdoped regime. We find that Tc has a sublinear dependence on 1/lambda_{ab}^2, where lambda_{ab} is the in-plane magnetic penetration depth in the extrapolated limits T -> 0 and H -> 0. The power coefficient of the sublinear dependence is close to that determined in severely underdoped YBCO thin films, indicating that the same relationship between Tc and the superfluid density is maintained throughout the underdoped regime. The in-plane GL coherence length (vortex core size) is found to increase with decreasing hole doping concentration, and exhibit a field dependence that is explained by proximity-induced superconductivity on the CuO chains. Both the magnetic penetration depth and the vortex core size are enhanced near 1/8 hole doping, supporting the belief by some that stripe correlations are a universal property of high-Tc cuprates.
cond-mat.supr-con
we report on muon spin rotation measurements of the internal magnetic field distribution nb in the vortex solid phase of yba2cu3oy ybco single crystals from which we have simultaneously determined the hole doping dependences of the inplane ginzburglandau gl length scales in the underdoped regime we find that tc has a sublinear dependence on 1lambda_ab2 where lambda_ab is the inplane magnetic penetration depth in the extrapolated limits t 0 and h 0 the power coefficient of the sublinear dependence is close to that determined in severely underdoped ybco thin films indicating that the same relationship between tc and the superfluid density is maintained throughout the underdoped regime the inplane gl coherence length vortex core size is found to increase with decreasing hole doping concentration and exhibit a field dependence that is explained by proximityinduced superconductivity on the cuo chains both the magnetic penetration depth and the vortex core size are enhanced near 18 hole doping supporting the belief by some that stripe correlations are a universal property of hightc cuprates
[['we', 'report', 'on', 'muon', 'spin', 'rotation', 'measurements', 'of', 'the', 'internal', 'magnetic', 'field', 'distribution', 'nb', 'in', 'the', 'vortex', 'solid', 'phase', 'of', 'yba2cu3oy', 'ybco', 'single', 'crystals', 'from', 'which', 'we', 'have', 'simultaneously', 'determined', 'the', 'hole', 'doping', 'dependences', 'of', 'the', 'inplane', 'ginzburglandau', 'gl', 'length', 'scales', 'in', 'the', 'underdoped', 'regime', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'tc', 'has', 'a', 'sublinear', 'dependence', 'on', '1lambda_ab2', 'where', 'lambda_ab', 'is', 'the', 'inplane', 'magnetic', 'penetration', 'depth', 'in', 'the', 'extrapolated', 'limits', 't', '0', 'and', 'h', '0', 'the', 'power', 'coefficient', 'of', 'the', 'sublinear', 'dependence', 'is', 'close', 'to', 'that', 'determined', 'in', 'severely', 'underdoped', 'ybco', 'thin', 'films', 'indicating', 'that', 'the', 'same', 'relationship', 'between', 'tc', 'and', 'the', 'superfluid', 'density', 'is', 'maintained', 'throughout', 'the', 'underdoped', 'regime', 'the', 'inplane', 'gl', 'coherence', 'length', 'vortex', 'core', 'size', 'is', 'found', 'to', 'increase', 'with', 'decreasing', 'hole', 'doping', 'concentration', 'and', 'exhibit', 'a', 'field', 'dependence', 'that', 'is', 'explained', 'by', 'proximityinduced', 'superconductivity', 'on', 'the', 'cuo', 'chains', 'both', 'the', 'magnetic', 'penetration', 'depth', 'and', 'the', 'vortex', 'core', 'size', 'are', 'enhanced', 'near', '18', 'hole', 'doping', 'supporting', 'the', 'belief', 'by', 'some', 'that', 'stripe', 'correlations', 'are', 'a', 'universal', 'property', 'of', 'hightc', 'cuprates']]
[-0.1963536581575606, 0.2645008904162309, -0.009683846859757364, 0.021263646403432288, -0.05999846330199104, -0.1312585037433096, 0.1042378523205159, 0.3746636224326474, -0.2640849302010335, -0.26046176457821707, -0.006534629349855805, -0.3455526881338753, -0.03879015400114375, 0.18524981052862735, 0.03876326641222164, 0.016158588591566277, -0.10356399869083388, -0.0111228444519833, -0.13824584062167128, -0.23583937387434029, 0.2846443231504124, 0.013926868915927084, 0.3886811234630071, 0.0862255138262401, 0.019407406132447826, -0.017409478090409866, 0.14297749592575448, 0.08741012331754101, -0.2160938364015248, -0.0073386362434183, 0.2680430994561967, -0.09059658193597074, 0.1574682502527914, -0.41162952034563355, -0.22628885391857145, -0.021270866676635997, 0.1799130374400397, 0.09900823564436728, -0.03275028123250286, -0.23239178787751574, 0.07546866225001551, -0.09155587352724118, -0.11447814615931054, -0.04103258479635931, 0.05002388862111832, 0.016525865419486748, -0.24674877442712978, 0.1252036377465209, 0.08978827058795023, 0.12998548475198846, -0.12337197704769715, -0.11398094977230142, -0.09364109678667855, -0.0030468718104681674, 0.0997490429928383, 0.1228996188512083, 0.19664425111910294, -0.14304716937717865, -0.04631802297786936, 0.2464736788878052, -0.054057972715098476, -0.04686202968921259, 0.07892062972139942, -0.25785820868648807, -0.051347513928370184, 0.17298809973076648, 0.08158777427109448, 0.07550432972786342, -0.078421027950678, 0.11397938955349285, -0.06221165026733707, 0.2562718319668043, 0.08222324811693656, 0.09244606103720529, 0.26327853151128666, 0.23964932433208286, 0.028430322431766335, 0.1193352759314271, -0.19241480428047655, -0.0160222686744521, -0.22652951115191247, -0.13292763124153945, -0.20980283845568726, 0.04204064238673219, -0.12801456520541918, -0.1975693929184107, 0.3222390034638301, 0.1684810255582516, 0.22510777467385779, -0.04249334434176845, 0.19047167739064913, 0.11674899571456743, 0.09185709797408013, 0.07361051543566162, 0.2626184721116718, 0.19885558192342653, 0.14665924778255324, -0.3641233525883693, 0.13361821408499275, 0.001859386516294095]
706.2883
Strong g-Factor Anisotropy in Hole Quantum Dots Defined in Ge/Si Nanowires
We demonstrate fully tunable single and double quantum dots in a one-dimensional hole system based on undoped Ge/Si core-shell nanowire heterostructures. The local hole density along the nanowire is controlled by applying voltages to five top gate electrodes with a periodicity of 80 nm, insulated from the wire by a 20 nm-thick HfO_2 dielectric film. Low-temperature transport measurements were used to investigate the magnetic field dependence of Coulomb blockade peaks in a single quantum dot and indicate a strongly anisotropic g-factor with |g_para| = 0.60 +/- 0.03 and |g_perp| < 0.12.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we demonstrate fully tunable single and double quantum dots in a onedimensional hole system based on undoped gesi coreshell nanowire heterostructures the local hole density along the nanowire is controlled by applying voltages to five top gate electrodes with a periodicity of 80 nm insulated from the wire by a 20 nmthick hfo_2 dielectric film lowtemperature transport measurements were used to investigate the magnetic field dependence of coulomb blockade peaks in a single quantum dot and indicate a strongly anisotropic gfactor with g_para 060 003 and g_perp 012
[['we', 'demonstrate', 'fully', 'tunable', 'single', 'and', 'double', 'quantum', 'dots', 'in', 'a', 'onedimensional', 'hole', 'system', 'based', 'on', 'undoped', 'gesi', 'coreshell', 'nanowire', 'heterostructures', 'the', 'local', 'hole', 'density', 'along', 'the', 'nanowire', 'is', 'controlled', 'by', 'applying', 'voltages', 'to', 'five', 'top', 'gate', 'electrodes', 'with', 'a', 'periodicity', 'of', '80', 'nm', 'insulated', 'from', 'the', 'wire', 'by', 'a', '20', 'nmthick', 'hfo_2', 'dielectric', 'film', 'lowtemperature', 'transport', 'measurements', 'were', 'used', 'to', 'investigate', 'the', 'magnetic', 'field', 'dependence', 'of', 'coulomb', 'blockade', 'peaks', 'in', 'a', 'single', 'quantum', 'dot', 'and', 'indicate', 'a', 'strongly', 'anisotropic', 'gfactor', 'with', 'g_para', '060', '003', 'and', 'g_perp', '012']]
[-0.16919089598452736, 0.20610245662987575, 0.02030965823401836, -0.05595085066984054, 0.054381910422495724, -0.2661933128657783, 0.0830457662767463, 0.46588628559276973, -0.21791912345536824, -0.3471555482574749, -0.04471045733301033, -0.3438766986859598, -0.049451640036342476, 0.24565912899293604, 0.023211745213417487, 0.0532514621776625, -0.0059354841687727245, -0.12052144465068805, -0.09919447100710595, -0.17367179863604493, 0.23277815943048602, -0.00991584403151325, 0.34771332523689186, 0.10620648229773018, 0.05525069702523707, 0.031200290349815255, 0.1873711086970208, 0.050245361135009374, -0.18209301919044776, 0.046312546196939613, 0.19323584411678643, -0.24890519751920953, 0.19015899238487086, -0.4651073846422757, -0.14503749712616548, -0.10552257426811018, 0.14984812252437588, 0.12748855235451168, -0.10464725378852595, -0.30482597035709125, 0.09692322771097052, -0.13922521532459678, -0.06012663066296185, 0.023116430246281898, -0.04429415391956124, 0.012891275877796713, -0.2449063016315815, 0.10789523110992608, 0.003969823450503078, 0.05592142775569154, -0.04187495994178214, -0.08459315426920637, -0.05106066048530669, 0.0042830481161845145, -0.05490184494229997, 0.08523006301544521, 0.32881782995536923, -0.038017176712552704, -0.1553200666308296, 0.2856816215783186, -0.09912658564949772, -0.09489691326656946, 0.08100383972813344, -0.24782163465673895, 0.03803261458852339, 0.15050436582432353, 0.08570010982582281, 0.1281625744458502, -0.1922278301121303, 0.09269912788796977, 0.0380337137298059, 0.2586141508042507, 0.08670457441696962, 0.06681030186899435, 0.3094852291604226, 0.20121388039792534, -0.005574186878471539, 0.1602933731615201, -0.18702080903505242, -0.010585270511607328, -0.18447958867483097, -0.18954257857611126, -0.21759573876022778, 0.16325675718614768, -0.12518053137293841, -0.24109975702695324, 0.4140158842853672, 0.08205803073862375, 0.17272150090724314, -0.08939061895676556, 0.21502855141786323, 0.09120883394551903, 0.09135703120551918, 0.00015766656908725827, 0.2579367249884948, 0.2610897456707925, 0.10461280130695594, -0.2880583256616889, 0.005069533590462872, -0.06442303587040253]
706.2884
Keldysh Ginzburg-Landau action of fluctuating superconductors
We derive Ginzburg-Landau action by systematically integrating out electronic degrees of freedom in the framework of the Keldysh nonlinear sigma-model of disordered superconductors. The resulting Ginzburg-Landau functional contains a nonlocal $\Delta$-dependent contribution to the diffusion constant, which leads, for example, to Maki-Thompson corrections. It also exhibits an anomalous Gor'kov-Eliashberg coupling between $\Delta$ and the scalar potential, as well as a peculiar nonlocal nonlinear term. The action is gauge invariant and satisfies the fluctuation dissipation theorem. It may be employed e.g. for calculation of higher moments of the current fluctuations.
cond-mat.supr-con
we derive ginzburglandau action by systematically integrating out electronic degrees of freedom in the framework of the keldysh nonlinear sigmamodel of disordered superconductors the resulting ginzburglandau functional contains a nonlocal deltadependent contribution to the diffusion constant which leads for example to makithompson corrections it also exhibits an anomalous gorkoveliashberg coupling between delta and the scalar potential as well as a peculiar nonlocal nonlinear term the action is gauge invariant and satisfies the fluctuation dissipation theorem it may be employed eg for calculation of higher moments of the current fluctuations
[['we', 'derive', 'ginzburglandau', 'action', 'by', 'systematically', 'integrating', 'out', 'electronic', 'degrees', 'of', 'freedom', 'in', 'the', 'framework', 'of', 'the', 'keldysh', 'nonlinear', 'sigmamodel', 'of', 'disordered', 'superconductors', 'the', 'resulting', 'ginzburglandau', 'functional', 'contains', 'a', 'nonlocal', 'deltadependent', 'contribution', 'to', 'the', 'diffusion', 'constant', 'which', 'leads', 'for', 'example', 'to', 'makithompson', 'corrections', 'it', 'also', 'exhibits', 'an', 'anomalous', 'gorkoveliashberg', 'coupling', 'between', 'delta', 'and', 'the', 'scalar', 'potential', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'a', 'peculiar', 'nonlocal', 'nonlinear', 'term', 'the', 'action', 'is', 'gauge', 'invariant', 'and', 'satisfies', 'the', 'fluctuation', 'dissipation', 'theorem', 'it', 'may', 'be', 'employed', 'eg', 'for', 'calculation', 'of', 'higher', 'moments', 'of', 'the', 'current', 'fluctuations']]
[-0.1764334290108474, 0.15104761721638418, -0.10397017480466854, 0.09533071994585705, -0.09822617121707564, -0.13461911452891814, 0.013864495419759558, 0.2604034347539048, -0.2591591597275427, -0.28257623520171776, 0.009989660739930432, -0.3203806473280896, -0.18593783979304135, 0.14301009182236157, 0.031386642610992894, 0.023133074504915963, -0.06282699187497863, 0.04268661543293009, -0.07051993536482438, -0.1832767495811409, 0.31363903439011087, 0.012939383699135347, 0.25859631556721235, 0.09617954727516255, 0.11973860550841148, 0.011419231320773675, 0.03065286922289736, 0.04656675153157928, -0.12387986338316379, 0.08113475663545118, 0.19761719065189193, -0.06300352555593815, 0.2121337778569961, -0.40363986989144574, -0.26671026469292963, 0.04380894550492733, 0.12974686914607114, 0.14652785597850612, 0.01936335617210716, -0.28790496997746895, 0.01651580868796869, -0.16926829343587582, -0.1753816887675467, -0.15235772016405297, 0.023153310689270835, -0.0214727876432748, -0.2987317157358947, 0.17143551883286404, 0.04011681760179768, 0.044091811154926705, -0.048219838380728935, -0.09499911703592674, -0.062320619898276745, 0.06459030762992123, 0.08564449066232721, 0.0562481170861495, 0.13642797458768738, -0.18474802894508519, -0.060118301372064954, 0.3933502840809524, -0.13577391678171064, -0.2191439655461264, 0.09753149454958145, -0.0961355754724619, -0.11487454787129536, 0.11395982682535594, 0.12142189604558305, 0.11579515794239176, -0.20780735316855664, 0.14728392551478464, 0.03581801319325512, 0.1329752754377709, 0.019187745005844838, 0.08749721898030574, 0.16398107435617765, 0.1524122302679726, 0.068246484371643, 0.15508935676056848, -0.06759800157636743, -0.1404892876373858, -0.3738510218999264, -0.12853019595654172, -0.15467022024412555, 0.11631371625910768, -0.11693785489842412, -0.19206129738383673, 0.39886070759331976, 0.15224387582169252, 0.10817989085758613, 0.018376599326571028, 0.2064460398449393, 0.22083457701889778, 0.10768952782911417, 0.03118719593145546, 0.22946638256623622, 0.20133781897443856, 0.09363174567856318, -0.31252075013154273, -0.013878607523193668, 0.09802948786686598]
706.2885
An Alternative Explanation for Cosmological Redshift
The first and most compelling evidence of the universe's expansion was, and continues to be, the observed redshift of spectra from distant objects. This paper plays "devil's advocate" by providing an alternative explanation with elementary physics. I assume a steady-state universe that is infinite in both expanse and age, with the observed redshifts caused by particle interactions creating an overall index of refraction of the universe. The cumulative effects of these interactions over long distances cause not only the shifts that we observe, but also the monotonically increasing redshifts as more distant objects are observed. This is a novel explanation for the phenomenon known as "tired light" which has been discussed for decades.
physics.gen-ph
the first and most compelling evidence of the universes expansion was and continues to be the observed redshift of spectra from distant objects this paper plays devils advocate by providing an alternative explanation with elementary physics i assume a steadystate universe that is infinite in both expanse and age with the observed redshifts caused by particle interactions creating an overall index of refraction of the universe the cumulative effects of these interactions over long distances cause not only the shifts that we observe but also the monotonically increasing redshifts as more distant objects are observed this is a novel explanation for the phenomenon known as tired light which has been discussed for decades
[['the', 'first', 'and', 'most', 'compelling', 'evidence', 'of', 'the', 'universes', 'expansion', 'was', 'and', 'continues', 'to', 'be', 'the', 'observed', 'redshift', 'of', 'spectra', 'from', 'distant', 'objects', 'this', 'paper', 'plays', 'devils', 'advocate', 'by', 'providing', 'an', 'alternative', 'explanation', 'with', 'elementary', 'physics', 'i', 'assume', 'a', 'steadystate', 'universe', 'that', 'is', 'infinite', 'in', 'both', 'expanse', 'and', 'age', 'with', 'the', 'observed', 'redshifts', 'caused', 'by', 'particle', 'interactions', 'creating', 'an', 'overall', 'index', 'of', 'refraction', 'of', 'the', 'universe', 'the', 'cumulative', 'effects', 'of', 'these', 'interactions', 'over', 'long', 'distances', 'cause', 'not', 'only', 'the', 'shifts', 'that', 'we', 'observe', 'but', 'also', 'the', 'monotonically', 'increasing', 'redshifts', 'as', 'more', 'distant', 'objects', 'are', 'observed', 'this', 'is', 'a', 'novel', 'explanation', 'for', 'the', 'phenomenon', 'known', 'as', 'tired', 'light', 'which', 'has', 'been', 'discussed', 'for', 'decades']]
[-0.09996656098596719, 0.190634293784851, -0.12286128844773249, 0.10866009877516633, -0.08989900347273962, -0.10769287784855845, 0.017839000637610073, 0.3917448509781234, -0.21036495221057594, -0.3324864675513411, 0.06378690618506543, -0.28021182242649056, -0.1252892922400909, 0.1862733840202682, -0.026498687766756103, -0.053321032458298175, 0.010289327150820631, 0.0008234205383774453, 0.001336916536427581, -0.2313804364540672, 0.2908450361089863, 0.1107853170707348, 0.2301420085296958, 0.05123851943217152, 0.10487240716913897, -0.030105590770861744, -0.07451249312081959, 0.04071497222392169, -0.12740661213815777, 0.06271116357230772, 0.2354531925237548, 0.1307236810350807, 0.2698771391245248, -0.36184036392158114, -0.25525277434329013, 0.1466918696569015, 0.21300533799190832, 0.13545774645687172, -0.12381153641357726, -0.24917985289872716, 0.023886350766483662, -0.17820801456516558, -0.16212398245666934, -0.004578392107896836, 0.0865293663712136, 0.0008521147599789948, -0.19657606705281455, 0.120934056411487, 0.06467589814281832, 0.0752701306740333, -0.07559449116048296, -0.0848551218612202, 0.006540222806378012, 0.11796990960457288, 0.0970274415392577, 0.023334283789669254, 0.06961422562764018, -0.13735881486631502, -0.10678059295380274, 0.4209705844059982, -0.05757631119587912, -0.058308181143134, 0.19796645077588285, -0.1770526183999877, -0.1038060823653256, 0.11813997081274875, 0.11975165084828582, 0.09255154978945455, -0.15763195174276434, 0.0306237561497384, -0.01826143530980412, 0.179618810233454, 0.05907513952682174, 0.07875814606369663, 0.3026626653128625, 0.14799169284514094, 0.027545117402234965, 0.09904775984350395, -0.09369133462082693, -0.057420369822828644, -0.29112732347793285, -0.15032143099439552, -0.15560131450801823, 0.05325828329878921, -0.08340420536411024, -0.16010879545546738, 0.35498886668345836, 0.14640972339259709, 0.22972874615374392, 0.045720640704884664, 0.2784679685925356, 0.10772439035323275, 0.09172394278714746, 0.06580999495247297, 0.2996095868890726, 0.08459581449149853, 0.08554540668404043, -0.15635343241573318, 0.1419960822007594, -0.0017624619824861266]
706.2886
Time-Distance Imaging of Solar Far-Side Active Regions
It is of great importance to monitor large solar active regions in the far-side of the Sun for space weather forecast, in particular, to predict their appearance before they rotate into our view from the solar east limb. Local helioseismology techniques, including helioseismic holography and time-distance, have successfully imaged solar far-side active regions. In this Letter, we further explore the possibility of imaging and improving the image quality of solar far-side active regions by use of time-distance helioseismology. In addition to the previously used scheme with four acoustic signal skips, a five-skip scheme is also included in this newly developed technique. The combination of both four- and five-skip far-side images significantly enhances the signal-to-noise ratio in the far-side images, and reduces spurious signals. The accuracy of the far-side active region imaging is also assessed using one whole year solar observation.
astro-ph
it is of great importance to monitor large solar active regions in the farside of the sun for space weather forecast in particular to predict their appearance before they rotate into our view from the solar east limb local helioseismology techniques including helioseismic holography and timedistance have successfully imaged solar farside active regions in this letter we further explore the possibility of imaging and improving the image quality of solar farside active regions by use of timedistance helioseismology in addition to the previously used scheme with four acoustic signal skips a fiveskip scheme is also included in this newly developed technique the combination of both four and fiveskip farside images significantly enhances the signaltonoise ratio in the farside images and reduces spurious signals the accuracy of the farside active region imaging is also assessed using one whole year solar observation
[['it', 'is', 'of', 'great', 'importance', 'to', 'monitor', 'large', 'solar', 'active', 'regions', 'in', 'the', 'farside', 'of', 'the', 'sun', 'for', 'space', 'weather', 'forecast', 'in', 'particular', 'to', 'predict', 'their', 'appearance', 'before', 'they', 'rotate', 'into', 'our', 'view', 'from', 'the', 'solar', 'east', 'limb', 'local', 'helioseismology', 'techniques', 'including', 'helioseismic', 'holography', 'and', 'timedistance', 'have', 'successfully', 'imaged', 'solar', 'farside', 'active', 'regions', 'in', 'this', 'letter', 'we', 'further', 'explore', 'the', 'possibility', 'of', 'imaging', 'and', 'improving', 'the', 'image', 'quality', 'of', 'solar', 'farside', 'active', 'regions', 'by', 'use', 'of', 'timedistance', 'helioseismology', 'in', 'addition', 'to', 'the', 'previously', 'used', 'scheme', 'with', 'four', 'acoustic', 'signal', 'skips', 'a', 'fiveskip', 'scheme', 'is', 'also', 'included', 'in', 'this', 'newly', 'developed', 'technique', 'the', 'combination', 'of', 'both', 'four', 'and', 'fiveskip', 'farside', 'images', 'significantly', 'enhances', 'the', 'signaltonoise', 'ratio', 'in', 'the', 'farside', 'images', 'and', 'reduces', 'spurious', 'signals', 'the', 'accuracy', 'of', 'the', 'farside', 'active', 'region', 'imaging', 'is', 'also', 'assessed', 'using', 'one', 'whole', 'year', 'solar', 'observation']]
[-0.036675768079918014, 0.11602310324087739, -0.02044361560040865, 0.0860050999601039, -0.07335752974530416, -0.037032059357235476, 0.05880570954177529, 0.39001732419377994, -0.20772908921020905, -0.38293181768219386, 0.12567251171068555, -0.2650455404006477, -0.18228047010156193, 0.22267839693564123, -0.10046432652431707, 0.025266605116693038, 0.07250094456997301, -0.019035114527546932, -0.04157408524853443, -0.20619344447955623, 0.1957042742246163, 0.1258258807040485, 0.2928744547867349, -0.04629553894046694, 0.07668848023999349, -0.06139024627710959, -0.10852602611828063, 0.005497266542390987, -0.07048085772631955, 0.10227574594651483, 0.2532054134295322, 0.18584496747280355, 0.21895921928475479, -0.44426926265337635, -0.2857415411155671, 0.03835600693044918, 0.1901966883867447, 0.03344021643112813, -0.06299268984002993, -0.3310369482263923, 0.050353698013350365, -0.09447401827533862, -0.11322716888639012, 0.00856655087721135, -0.030765511621887398, -0.04043773003587765, -0.23522982323276145, 0.06606494385840571, -0.02136700215716181, 0.11195266349241137, -0.09453193195762911, -0.06332257586681019, -0.0372060360503383, 0.20676391639281064, 0.06930882036685944, 0.0752409544341, 0.1664440564179261, -0.11922880807292781, -0.036885233995105536, 0.3456975182219009, -0.039079872399036375, -0.10413084965964248, 0.1909570631371545, -0.24255336670404568, -0.12991720095077264, 0.1884620360032256, 0.1956643600033463, 0.10845293909244771, -0.1324545644157167, 0.0019968944917699055, -0.055917262744956786, 0.15813963245600463, 0.09338125428517483, 0.0173483182052483, 0.22521881714762587, 0.16742873174786968, 0.07569460069394804, 0.12475841048082137, -0.3265976794064045, -0.016267724947205613, -0.19129153143606215, -0.12229825579935485, -0.11270187048690526, -0.07691549544355698, -0.10618790015869309, -0.09982350340911321, 0.4389076070146465, 0.23125310524566364, 0.17370658724768354, -0.053179332171566784, 0.39133859146386385, 0.028496407598556418, 0.11515287983929738, 0.04702311109618417, 0.38252897581634376, 0.12614376325592666, 0.17896088424271772, -0.21856835807224603, 0.031297061791909594, 0.08934632851076978]
706.2887
Casimir effect in a one-dimensional gas of free fermions
We compute an analog Casimir effect in a one-dimensional spinless Luttinger liquid confined to a segment in the presence of a nearly-impenetrable partition dividing the segment into two compartments. The Casimir interaction is found to be a bounded piecewise-continuous oscillatory function whose maxima are points of force discontinuity and correspond to resonant tunneling across the partition. The well-known regularization-based results are reproduced by the lower envelope of this function, which corresponds to an approximation that ignores the rather large oscillations due to particle discreteness. These macroscopic conclusions are tested and confirmed via a rigorous analysis of the Casimir effect in an exactly-solvable model of a one-dimensional non-relativistic spinless gas of free fermions, thus resolving an objection that has been raised by Volovik (2003). Additionally we confirm the result of a recent calculation which employed an effective low-energy theory with a cutoff to find the Casimir interaction between two strong well-separated impurities placed in a Luttinger liquid.
cond-mat.mes-hall hep-th quant-ph
we compute an analog casimir effect in a onedimensional spinless luttinger liquid confined to a segment in the presence of a nearlyimpenetrable partition dividing the segment into two compartments the casimir interaction is found to be a bounded piecewisecontinuous oscillatory function whose maxima are points of force discontinuity and correspond to resonant tunneling across the partition the wellknown regularizationbased results are reproduced by the lower envelope of this function which corresponds to an approximation that ignores the rather large oscillations due to particle discreteness these macroscopic conclusions are tested and confirmed via a rigorous analysis of the casimir effect in an exactlysolvable model of a onedimensional nonrelativistic spinless gas of free fermions thus resolving an objection that has been raised by volovik 2003 additionally we confirm the result of a recent calculation which employed an effective lowenergy theory with a cutoff to find the casimir interaction between two strong wellseparated impurities placed in a luttinger liquid
[['we', 'compute', 'an', 'analog', 'casimir', 'effect', 'in', 'a', 'onedimensional', 'spinless', 'luttinger', 'liquid', 'confined', 'to', 'a', 'segment', 'in', 'the', 'presence', 'of', 'a', 'nearlyimpenetrable', 'partition', 'dividing', 'the', 'segment', 'into', 'two', 'compartments', 'the', 'casimir', 'interaction', 'is', 'found', 'to', 'be', 'a', 'bounded', 'piecewisecontinuous', 'oscillatory', 'function', 'whose', 'maxima', 'are', 'points', 'of', 'force', 'discontinuity', 'and', 'correspond', 'to', 'resonant', 'tunneling', 'across', 'the', 'partition', 'the', 'wellknown', 'regularizationbased', 'results', 'are', 'reproduced', 'by', 'the', 'lower', 'envelope', 'of', 'this', 'function', 'which', 'corresponds', 'to', 'an', 'approximation', 'that', 'ignores', 'the', 'rather', 'large', 'oscillations', 'due', 'to', 'particle', 'discreteness', 'these', 'macroscopic', 'conclusions', 'are', 'tested', 'and', 'confirmed', 'via', 'a', 'rigorous', 'analysis', 'of', 'the', 'casimir', 'effect', 'in', 'an', 'exactlysolvable', 'model', 'of', 'a', 'onedimensional', 'nonrelativistic', 'spinless', 'gas', 'of', 'free', 'fermions', 'thus', 'resolving', 'an', 'objection', 'that', 'has', 'been', 'raised', 'by', 'volovik', '2003', 'additionally', 'we', 'confirm', 'the', 'result', 'of', 'a', 'recent', 'calculation', 'which', 'employed', 'an', 'effective', 'lowenergy', 'theory', 'with', 'a', 'cutoff', 'to', 'find', 'the', 'casimir', 'interaction', 'between', 'two', 'strong', 'wellseparated', 'impurities', 'placed', 'in', 'a', 'luttinger', 'liquid']]
[-0.14604953317790323, 0.1707235873178316, -0.11244102191600588, 0.07833827689530388, -0.024539300259259048, -0.15047351855544314, 0.021991839623379132, 0.3100773039709536, -0.2165617847995412, -0.2814394964926666, -4.593476713184387e-06, -0.3093466520429619, -0.13448288676839681, 0.15888523264983367, -0.0036319443986060156, 0.03469617029111231, 0.009647725162006194, 0.0048118492633464835, -0.06416246507977766, -0.19154052891948772, 0.2989876208120897, 0.023439466483109902, 0.2620360402570617, 0.11152628048533393, 0.06053821975064855, 0.019076662958269156, 0.030501603425270127, 0.04941644091159105, -0.14164927496045318, 0.06702775994255658, 0.210818836466229, -0.04742712168353459, 0.24045849736299246, -0.45069359393129427, -0.21457854044293204, 0.0816848273554276, 0.1669741884805262, 0.10649813707587459, -0.03203926616378369, -0.2949227173662474, 0.001212303128634249, -0.1865040385284491, -0.15792743064342968, -0.03929670619301408, 0.03433272964095757, -0.024859150459674458, -0.24874191896449174, 0.09243242016358812, 0.06547800387376018, 0.04792824152766937, -0.07429897610638891, -0.068114202454566, 0.011287618129544201, 0.09679743125433883, 0.05548932851337257, 0.03471608388147527, 0.13833419809178, -0.11507019256429386, -0.09820641419820247, 0.3674531906700483, -0.07278229294104442, -0.2051458780218156, 0.21366335263836286, -0.1250760303089215, -0.06495954658115102, 0.15810767645917592, 0.09777475803219263, 0.06975592575486629, -0.16410473954052696, 0.08855357728222565, -0.07356199824641789, 0.1661891683541809, 0.07579187761631705, -0.03302953262182493, 0.2593796354928805, 0.1497484332881868, 0.03463692391411431, 0.16887643785148318, -0.08498975271922386, -0.11603172606443085, -0.3116793286611116, -0.14250796204132418, -0.2359976977560549, 0.04388015906912305, -0.059487261713084376, -0.24259509656037534, 0.3580374963010751, 0.12518723003806606, 0.22609058084987824, 0.006803666100078713, 0.2643777941113278, 0.16815284296359506, 0.059686900543109066, 0.026057001063975717, 0.26548336152768426, 0.1538082480340475, 0.017235262743047167, -0.2769078874690158, -0.016568770961866024, 0.08948670724855601]
706.2888
Variations on Kak's Three Stage Quantum Cryptography Protocol
This paper introduces a variation on Kak's three-stage quanutm key distribution protocol which allows for defence against the man in the middle attack. In addition, we introduce a new protocol, which also offers similar resiliance against such an attack.
cs.CR
this paper introduces a variation on kaks threestage quanutm key distribution protocol which allows for defence against the man in the middle attack in addition we introduce a new protocol which also offers similar resiliance against such an attack
[['this', 'paper', 'introduces', 'a', 'variation', 'on', 'kaks', 'threestage', 'quanutm', 'key', 'distribution', 'protocol', 'which', 'allows', 'for', 'defence', 'against', 'the', 'man', 'in', 'the', 'middle', 'attack', 'in', 'addition', 'we', 'introduce', 'a', 'new', 'protocol', 'which', 'also', 'offers', 'similar', 'resiliance', 'against', 'such', 'an', 'attack']]
[-0.14658270746066765, 0.024656172379665706, -0.14074412164454525, 0.047208905758059305, -0.022309690814565967, -0.2563120636434571, 0.09449957537219382, 0.3134541834729749, -0.23194803076015935, -0.28903451476346803, 0.07205485024590146, -0.18736080997159416, -0.23782747994000847, 0.1943283252720092, -0.23996338916539744, 0.036817047719818516, -0.03768391548530073, -0.007780465448426234, 0.04804476083734551, -0.22312668848757608, 0.34993234352284186, 0.10100492200738675, 0.328969591775456, 0.05768966126079495, 0.09907676501048578, 0.07957593648618944, 0.012490389780518977, -0.03890802811931919, -0.12430103322037973, 0.11750976096939396, 0.19946086326160947, 0.17501525239817597, 0.34450430181380864, -0.3598835439094015, -0.15117815041260138, 0.09377165035520857, 0.14680674917542855, 0.20083292167180697, -0.13096771891719686, -0.27954879085961226, 0.09922176015538138, -0.3229787696052242, -0.09218802170299396, -0.09740265124049541, -0.02628457308369311, -0.037227986632166685, -0.2493774175794946, -0.024405634792905452, 0.05405661233423932, 0.06032348190107056, 0.0029637498035397685, -0.015206275230928048, 0.0968057581953503, 0.13064762931065382, 0.012382331228739506, -0.0068959788155012035, 0.10097216647370039, -0.03709793583540296, -0.1406934211987096, 0.364048327747229, -0.0937000793228681, -0.16617813379176566, 0.1590136685786215, 0.03338250324029375, -0.1847366597000006, 0.037279865880672995, 0.2114073962627633, 0.13116579774666476, -0.13088735414517894, -0.029106291325611842, -0.06479274233601787, 0.20018269937183406, 0.05132223217672593, 0.029052030672696797, 0.1306476690523276, 0.2213666361530085, 0.16143248220150536, 0.2264003164663508, -0.1644933577815725, -0.11268203509216373, -0.29460133292485735, -0.2095498661133083, -0.09959425326638124, 0.010756236979284801, -0.023338578704341844, -0.1715624504093383, 0.478024679664019, 0.22677477771365964, 0.17978781830469096, 0.05694731655278923, 0.3987460432423128, -0.004535818673871659, 0.04847107394724279, 0.11235078615514008, 0.18043379551051436, -0.00025053568989843935, 0.10272566406559702, -0.14427165447960835, 0.24552723795578285, 0.01513179050557114]
706.2889
Progressive transformation of a flux rope to an ICME
The solar wind conditions at one astronomical unit (AU) can be strongly disturbed by the interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). A subset, called magnetic clouds (MCs), is formed by twisted flux ropes that transport an important amount of magnetic flux and helicity which is released in CMEs. At 1 AU from the Sun, the magnetic structure of MCs is generally modeled neglecting their expansion during the spacecraft crossing. However, in some cases, MCs present a significant expansion. We present here an analysis of the huge and significantly expanding MC observed by the Wind spacecraft during 9 and 10 November, 2004. After determining an approximated orientation for the flux rope using the minimum variance method, we precise the orientation of the cloud axis relating its front and rear magnetic discontinuities using a direct method. This method takes into account the conservation of the azimuthal magnetic flux between the in- and out-bound branches, and is valid for a finite impact parameter (i.e., not necessarily a small distance between the spacecraft trajectory and the cloud axis). Moreover, using the direct method, we find that the ICME is formed by a flux rope (MC) followed by an extended coherent magnetic region. These observations are interpreted considering the existence of a previous larger flux rope, which partially reconnected with its environment in the front. These findings imply that the ejected flux rope is progressively peeled by reconnection and transformed to the observed ICME (with a remnant flux rope in the front part).
astro-ph
the solar wind conditions at one astronomical unit au can be strongly disturbed by the interplanetary coronal mass ejections icmes a subset called magnetic clouds mcs is formed by twisted flux ropes that transport an important amount of magnetic flux and helicity which is released in cmes at 1 au from the sun the magnetic structure of mcs is generally modeled neglecting their expansion during the spacecraft crossing however in some cases mcs present a significant expansion we present here an analysis of the huge and significantly expanding mc observed by the wind spacecraft during 9 and 10 november 2004 after determining an approximated orientation for the flux rope using the minimum variance method we precise the orientation of the cloud axis relating its front and rear magnetic discontinuities using a direct method this method takes into account the conservation of the azimuthal magnetic flux between the in and outbound branches and is valid for a finite impact parameter ie not necessarily a small distance between the spacecraft trajectory and the cloud axis moreover using the direct method we find that the icme is formed by a flux rope mc followed by an extended coherent magnetic region these observations are interpreted considering the existence of a previous larger flux rope which partially reconnected with its environment in the front these findings imply that the ejected flux rope is progressively peeled by reconnection and transformed to the observed icme with a remnant flux rope in the front part
[['the', 'solar', 'wind', 'conditions', 'at', 'one', 'astronomical', 'unit', 'au', 'can', 'be', 'strongly', 'disturbed', 'by', 'the', 'interplanetary', 'coronal', 'mass', 'ejections', 'icmes', 'a', 'subset', 'called', 'magnetic', 'clouds', 'mcs', 'is', 'formed', 'by', 'twisted', 'flux', 'ropes', 'that', 'transport', 'an', 'important', 'amount', 'of', 'magnetic', 'flux', 'and', 'helicity', 'which', 'is', 'released', 'in', 'cmes', 'at', '1', 'au', 'from', 'the', 'sun', 'the', 'magnetic', 'structure', 'of', 'mcs', 'is', 'generally', 'modeled', 'neglecting', 'their', 'expansion', 'during', 'the', 'spacecraft', 'crossing', 'however', 'in', 'some', 'cases', 'mcs', 'present', 'a', 'significant', 'expansion', 'we', 'present', 'here', 'an', 'analysis', 'of', 'the', 'huge', 'and', 'significantly', 'expanding', 'mc', 'observed', 'by', 'the', 'wind', 'spacecraft', 'during', '9', 'and', '10', 'november', '2004', 'after', 'determining', 'an', 'approximated', 'orientation', 'for', 'the', 'flux', 'rope', 'using', 'the', 'minimum', 'variance', 'method', 'we', 'precise', 'the', 'orientation', 'of', 'the', 'cloud', 'axis', 'relating', 'its', 'front', 'and', 'rear', 'magnetic', 'discontinuities', 'using', 'a', 'direct', 'method', 'this', 'method', 'takes', 'into', 'account', 'the', 'conservation', 'of', 'the', 'azimuthal', 'magnetic', 'flux', 'between', 'the', 'in', 'and', 'outbound', 'branches', 'and', 'is', 'valid', 'for', 'a', 'finite', 'impact', 'parameter', 'ie', 'not', 'necessarily', 'a', 'small', 'distance', 'between', 'the', 'spacecraft', 'trajectory', 'and', 'the', 'cloud', 'axis', 'moreover', 'using', 'the', 'direct', 'method', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'the', 'icme', 'is', 'formed', 'by', 'a', 'flux', 'rope', 'mc', 'followed', 'by', 'an', 'extended', 'coherent', 'magnetic', 'region', 'these', 'observations', 'are', 'interpreted', 'considering', 'the', 'existence', 'of', 'a', 'previous', 'larger', 'flux', 'rope', 'which', 'partially', 'reconnected', 'with', 'its', 'environment', 'in', 'the', 'front', 'these', 'findings', 'imply', 'that', 'the', 'ejected', 'flux', 'rope', 'is', 'progressively', 'peeled', 'by', 'reconnection', 'and', 'transformed', 'to', 'the', 'observed', 'icme', 'with', 'a', 'remnant', 'flux', 'rope', 'in', 'the', 'front', 'part']]
[-0.15900715184115205, 0.20083747084581516, -0.02250858816311851, 0.07696246871958498, -0.0487300213907095, -0.020307971600081152, 0.028289045628795573, 0.41750379150586303, -0.230520674536525, -0.37363497326942346, 0.07570236013506573, -0.21283701791801313, -0.0735018513738536, 0.19503612552985344, -0.019893431452198164, -0.016145307183744545, 0.13371355493274847, -0.018201209777713515, -0.050427540391118, -0.18064359066204774, 0.2688066264282656, 0.11488127902994755, 0.20642161797845232, 0.04537857320087916, 0.11399734429713444, -0.07704216764338677, -0.00201069785711857, 0.044665765885959996, -0.10186805879752701, 0.06727292593983322, 0.1009068403435213, 0.09656120163693964, 0.21597790293233385, -0.5026890094569216, -0.22042713752431184, 0.006595427159084241, 0.18194269976281252, 6.411748502058493e-05, -0.028501985187412274, -0.2962049995021148, 0.05976825091527843, -0.16050391746798026, -0.16120862320955345, 0.0639534244664496, 0.0404679748349397, 0.013564774522186457, -0.2647711082872075, 0.09879322895009131, 0.030534019220529902, 0.0872731524666202, -0.11107837232602723, -0.05349490598507738, -0.08927411308440451, 0.11272323488159791, 0.11585207736055529, 0.1166271499635252, 0.20936926225528332, -0.1007957593867789, -0.05304601492062362, 0.34912801828793427, -0.003896542014139384, -0.0993685768313917, 0.1434259856014177, -0.20393693102108926, -0.12081199399523648, 0.23092319609159942, 0.11678973669732963, 0.07875050945011408, -0.1337989781766862, -0.001969569759548977, -0.05085300278250384, 0.12319489852016272, 0.06332612361736324, -0.06414014722507161, 0.30339372766238115, 0.09975990334804724, 0.0634626636007303, 0.14064029240434017, -0.21685840303704204, -0.06956807534146285, -0.28238600828809296, -0.1485823670327701, -0.1514847205258031, 0.041005155120220745, -0.10532599126921047, -0.18178533900223734, 0.3744388608604119, 0.14783127714318, 0.22188883771184786, -0.06271408166951285, 0.3205933880517146, 0.10869450548754228, 0.0749633397521069, 0.18105059061180573, 0.28942201176513577, 0.15918719108491713, 0.180198944200147, -0.21797865471022151, 0.09271846968597669, 0.09329037005194889]
706.289
Origin of Warm High-Velocity Dense Gas in ULIRGs
Possible origins of the molecular absorption discovered in some ULIRGs are investigated, based on a 3-D hydrodynamic model of star-forming interstellar gas in a galactic central region. The blue-shifted, warm ($\sim 200-300$ K), dense ($>10^6$ cm$^{-3}$) molecular gas suggested by CO absorption in IRAS 08752+3915 could be caused by the innermost region of the inhomogeneous inter-stellar medium (ISM) around a supermassive black hole. The infrequent observations of the dense gas with absorption in ULIRGs and Seyfert 2 galaxies could simply suggest that the high-density regions occupy only a very small volume fraction of the obscuring material. This is naturally expected if the inhomogeneous structure of the ISM is caused by non-linear development of instabilities. The model predicts a turbulent velocity field in the obscuring material, therefore blue- and red-shifted gases should be observable with nearly the same probability for the large enough statistical samples.
astro-ph
possible origins of the molecular absorption discovered in some ulirgs are investigated based on a 3d hydrodynamic model of starforming interstellar gas in a galactic central region the blueshifted warm sim 200300 k dense 106 cm3 molecular gas suggested by co absorption in iras 087523915 could be caused by the innermost region of the inhomogeneous interstellar medium ism around a supermassive black hole the infrequent observations of the dense gas with absorption in ulirgs and seyfert 2 galaxies could simply suggest that the highdensity regions occupy only a very small volume fraction of the obscuring material this is naturally expected if the inhomogeneous structure of the ism is caused by nonlinear development of instabilities the model predicts a turbulent velocity field in the obscuring material therefore blue and redshifted gases should be observable with nearly the same probability for the large enough statistical samples
[['possible', 'origins', 'of', 'the', 'molecular', 'absorption', 'discovered', 'in', 'some', 'ulirgs', 'are', 'investigated', 'based', 'on', 'a', '3d', 'hydrodynamic', 'model', 'of', 'starforming', 'interstellar', 'gas', 'in', 'a', 'galactic', 'central', 'region', 'the', 'blueshifted', 'warm', 'sim', '200300', 'k', 'dense', '106', 'cm3', 'molecular', 'gas', 'suggested', 'by', 'co', 'absorption', 'in', 'iras', '087523915', 'could', 'be', 'caused', 'by', 'the', 'innermost', 'region', 'of', 'the', 'inhomogeneous', 'interstellar', 'medium', 'ism', 'around', 'a', 'supermassive', 'black', 'hole', 'the', 'infrequent', 'observations', 'of', 'the', 'dense', 'gas', 'with', 'absorption', 'in', 'ulirgs', 'and', 'seyfert', '2', 'galaxies', 'could', 'simply', 'suggest', 'that', 'the', 'highdensity', 'regions', 'occupy', 'only', 'a', 'very', 'small', 'volume', 'fraction', 'of', 'the', 'obscuring', 'material', 'this', 'is', 'naturally', 'expected', 'if', 'the', 'inhomogeneous', 'structure', 'of', 'the', 'ism', 'is', 'caused', 'by', 'nonlinear', 'development', 'of', 'instabilities', 'the', 'model', 'predicts', 'a', 'turbulent', 'velocity', 'field', 'in', 'the', 'obscuring', 'material', 'therefore', 'blue', 'and', 'redshifted', 'gases', 'should', 'be', 'observable', 'with', 'nearly', 'the', 'same', 'probability', 'for', 'the', 'large', 'enough', 'statistical', 'samples']]
[-0.10895529910197507, 0.1546747037502644, -0.021985243641204768, 0.06383622235739017, -0.04290639910964178, -0.05351620505179663, 0.02394687034958205, 0.40890005314429584, -0.18440748991483782, -0.28123203039794537, 0.03324067022022954, -0.2692731905702528, -0.01933243043616518, 0.12362253072857206, -0.0028393742749695436, -0.055907688383664285, -0.0190223631792184, -0.130947783221393, -0.009199594905017061, -0.21285297516961355, 0.30345961410093114, 0.1021218978200707, 0.15027460844705362, -0.0001541930609024488, 0.06379040994215757, -0.1596550625729394, -0.047390422832637606, 0.02836733515263646, -0.11957505836919434, 0.05390333923286517, 0.278014712726007, 0.06362919615894243, 0.26288840499498156, -0.41129294963931284, -0.28118250615425877, 0.07540715513001946, 0.2111370954711407, 0.04576825331961671, -0.08291576569655688, -0.2968054498363469, 0.04957872236243586, -0.18132862893187188, -0.2117338504974398, 0.0670386467819343, 0.0358162105768932, 0.020701410603820237, -0.21416474818748624, 0.16996553207428514, 0.015187267739964011, 0.044093493158909515, -0.11372186085762834, -0.05420804032127835, -0.08526589868629313, -0.010122416028101648, 0.006304577419573402, 0.059269282357910506, 0.304396795105658, -0.17622918437456492, 0.05826244737718489, 0.4734823822558343, -0.07590859142698712, 0.0129107929948535, 0.24441041432848604, -0.2646024592084016, -0.1508729794271082, 0.27038172143837114, 0.1425843400737414, 0.09810287384251198, -0.11833457840920811, 0.004965932824049744, -0.10107606529889927, 0.21689765521006046, 0.024603400942771792, 0.08932224049239412, 0.36264463458079976, 0.11885506757600167, 0.013381131507873118, 0.10087396923275144, -0.20912641892698106, -0.03776589138929934, -0.21946667476680937, -0.12145470633086833, -0.1616721326237792, 0.10281185791469537, -0.1789422346654729, -0.09486687105227183, 0.2712543664526168, 0.09997255134012004, 0.2650588523446732, -0.06321524368221318, 0.3309526013379747, 0.043304203471357744, 0.08414383474704842, 0.16613912547065818, 0.30566344764250514, 0.17717783089069375, 0.0892387236984629, -0.22092650670287936, 0.1269214546985247, 0.013416942046186724]
706.2891
Some exact solutions with torsion in 5-D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
Exact solutions with torsion in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity are derived. These solutions have a cross product structure of two constant curvature manifolds. The equations of motion give a relation for the coupling constants of the theory in order to have solutions with nontrivial torsion. This relation is not the Chern-Simons combination. One of the solutions has a $AdS_2\times S^3$ structure and is so the purely gravitational analogue of the Bertotti-Robinson space-time where the torsion can be seen as the dual of the covariantly constant electromagnetic field.
gr-qc hep-th
exact solutions with torsion in einsteingaussbonnet gravity are derived these solutions have a cross product structure of two constant curvature manifolds the equations of motion give a relation for the coupling constants of the theory in order to have solutions with nontrivial torsion this relation is not the chernsimons combination one of the solutions has a ads_2times s3 structure and is so the purely gravitational analogue of the bertottirobinson spacetime where the torsion can be seen as the dual of the covariantly constant electromagnetic field
[['exact', 'solutions', 'with', 'torsion', 'in', 'einsteingaussbonnet', 'gravity', 'are', 'derived', 'these', 'solutions', 'have', 'a', 'cross', 'product', 'structure', 'of', 'two', 'constant', 'curvature', 'manifolds', 'the', 'equations', 'of', 'motion', 'give', 'a', 'relation', 'for', 'the', 'coupling', 'constants', 'of', 'the', 'theory', 'in', 'order', 'to', 'have', 'solutions', 'with', 'nontrivial', 'torsion', 'this', 'relation', 'is', 'not', 'the', 'chernsimons', 'combination', 'one', 'of', 'the', 'solutions', 'has', 'a', 'ads_2times', 's3', 'structure', 'and', 'is', 'so', 'the', 'purely', 'gravitational', 'analogue', 'of', 'the', 'bertottirobinson', 'spacetime', 'where', 'the', 'torsion', 'can', 'be', 'seen', 'as', 'the', 'dual', 'of', 'the', 'covariantly', 'constant', 'electromagnetic', 'field']]
[-0.2478884021703647, 0.099660055854303, -0.09259734917432069, 0.06383456881021095, -0.14665087765520987, -0.1308275434626814, -0.10281506284441361, 0.2942821342059795, -0.2410947689019582, -0.27083025495795643, 0.11438891555949607, -0.27658080734750806, -0.16418460256913128, 0.11681815412114649, -0.00792736990706009, 0.007425435950212619, -0.025073335212929284, 0.12811296868466718, -0.08931982980712372, -0.23015940730076503, 0.3944569479126264, -0.00041372313109390874, 0.22882768702419365, 0.04638628771199899, 0.13189943649751298, -0.09140578164061641, 0.027957096665768937, 0.08108070774880402, -0.1855733829057392, 0.09229259758858996, 0.22397417315994114, 0.05360246827442418, 0.14513279747984864, -0.4297717851312721, -0.2252223984009641, 0.08297814348822131, 0.13597543023745803, 0.1273805124219507, -0.047149840194512814, -0.2863125292967786, 0.048813925847849424, -0.16880810666171944, -0.13947618415250498, -0.07238691061844721, 0.041314031289178224, 0.0013092742520658409, -0.19742833333610393, 0.0812364393406931, 0.024879033551277484, -0.004679051194997395, -0.14897955074796781, -0.04397948133375715, -0.025964911846334444, 0.10355400677003404, 0.16122644707177053, 0.0700067137094105, 0.05921175963628818, -0.15459422811811022, -0.1302738358704921, 0.39844287580755705, -0.14109055834466264, -0.3271452452330028, 0.11459871495471281, -0.14506369355846854, -0.10937202124965979, 0.13049482313149116, 0.09365839915459646, 0.1839529573917389, -0.10947174639304114, 0.23577052169575302, -0.037907089621705164, 0.11918506223489256, 0.12162873194388607, 0.044581088818171445, 0.2424389788771377, 0.03827732634894988, 0.05833373790168587, 0.10411377175957622, 0.007565859431291328, -0.09887964752886225, -0.3684439324582105, -0.19910750284325332, -0.10451003313612411, 0.15265764719275896, -0.17916351806694258, -0.21715829592636404, 0.3493179797030547, 0.029845809635213192, 0.13706683725228205, 0.06151008658549365, 0.23473782780415872, 0.14710553700433057, 0.08094545940813773, 0.05964348436716725, 0.3509806721573969, 0.2165303168270518, 0.060570723922265805, -0.20033241335357374, -0.05238850728115615, 0.1601672560250496]
706.2892
On the Role of Zealotry in the Voter Model
We study the voter model with a finite density of zealots--voters than never change opinion. For equal numbers of zealots of each species, the distribution of magnetization (opinions) is Gaussian in the mean-field limit as well as in one and two dimensions, with a width that is proportional to 1/sqrt{Z}, where Z is the number of zealots, independent of the total number of voters. Thus just a few zealots can prevent consensus or even the formation of a robust majority.
physics.soc-ph cond-mat.stat-mech physics.gen-ph
we study the voter model with a finite density of zealotsvoters than never change opinion for equal numbers of zealots of each species the distribution of magnetization opinions is gaussian in the meanfield limit as well as in one and two dimensions with a width that is proportional to 1sqrtz where z is the number of zealots independent of the total number of voters thus just a few zealots can prevent consensus or even the formation of a robust majority
[['we', 'study', 'the', 'voter', 'model', 'with', 'a', 'finite', 'density', 'of', 'zealotsvoters', 'than', 'never', 'change', 'opinion', 'for', 'equal', 'numbers', 'of', 'zealots', 'of', 'each', 'species', 'the', 'distribution', 'of', 'magnetization', 'opinions', 'is', 'gaussian', 'in', 'the', 'meanfield', 'limit', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'in', 'one', 'and', 'two', 'dimensions', 'with', 'a', 'width', 'that', 'is', 'proportional', 'to', '1sqrtz', 'where', 'z', 'is', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'zealots', 'independent', 'of', 'the', 'total', 'number', 'of', 'voters', 'thus', 'just', 'a', 'few', 'zealots', 'can', 'prevent', 'consensus', 'or', 'even', 'the', 'formation', 'of', 'a', 'robust', 'majority']]
[-0.13771802459878824, 0.18548712476239174, -0.03644106557513174, 0.02624304474867833, -0.03822998054726403, -0.16059717392148096, 0.13028295274493815, 0.3215513390877956, -0.2099637515913648, -0.30360999807149547, 0.09180206371931053, -0.29308408345508424, -0.05143517486108585, 0.09033555078284838, -0.02314472851001575, -0.0140021537147651, -0.008399387526832804, 0.13316134591527942, 0.01678071285397569, -0.3212543882170244, 0.3120528027250231, -0.02267146365764209, 0.24279854598726275, -0.0005719152727176117, 0.07639554691135506, 0.02258756765918924, 0.038152805729946004, 0.07572951447218657, -0.08218917652975276, 0.028066715903438722, 0.21037626106150542, 0.09030282248430105, 0.38289066151821916, -0.37064760345729847, -0.1778285133953006, 0.15932849402645533, 0.17257879275970067, 0.15158309340123324, 0.02827475383093793, -0.23170051383019624, 0.09133941684908504, -0.2257511496302212, -0.15295780432422326, 0.005308641203313689, 0.03834029803453367, 0.0932105433968002, -0.2704494607905987, 0.11848421660075083, 0.056167980462984664, 0.062124071536656424, -0.028543637181290344, -0.12761343701424288, -0.0918888713180123, 0.12080749737605735, 0.08430779417180986, 0.009966543129987166, 0.15320113759275666, -0.19267425239321928, -0.12220668972505233, 0.398500836772632, -0.048804372216941776, -0.1968189975223946, 0.1680232172277815, -0.17203536606688477, -0.1143591447697976, 0.12027259657890359, 0.13627218101409416, 0.10751916607252404, -0.08215388882009289, 0.00346310750236499, -0.09320156176757256, 0.22054529303236853, 0.04424061138135723, 0.01566030708129836, 0.20360594243990093, 0.17205060873463562, 0.13563000662488084, 0.10589689351736178, -0.06910509368569791, -0.1746705946707037, -0.27447721217110566, -0.14656223750472824, -0.22295505261708853, 0.08494140600337635, -0.09973532478955038, -0.18011005401988572, 0.3875076965063433, 0.1222508373689437, 0.25116160997672926, 0.09250406897332095, 0.2654169180498258, 0.10123891687268226, 0.040615985111062285, 0.06672816891576859, 0.17237086625934778, 0.13297920931083493, 0.019989338231897805, -0.17579113081380537, 0.16180107628195722, 0.0008916683418416901]
706.2893
Dualheap Sort Algorithm: An Inherently Parallel Generalization of Heapsort
A generalization of the heapsort algorithm is proposed. At the expense of about 50% more comparison and move operations for typical cases, the dualheap sort algorithm offers several advantages over heapsort: improved cache performance, better performance if the input happens to be already sorted, and easier parallel implementations.
cs.DS cs.CC cs.DC
a generalization of the heapsort algorithm is proposed at the expense of about 50 more comparison and move operations for typical cases the dualheap sort algorithm offers several advantages over heapsort improved cache performance better performance if the input happens to be already sorted and easier parallel implementations
[['a', 'generalization', 'of', 'the', 'heapsort', 'algorithm', 'is', 'proposed', 'at', 'the', 'expense', 'of', 'about', '50', 'more', 'comparison', 'and', 'move', 'operations', 'for', 'typical', 'cases', 'the', 'dualheap', 'sort', 'algorithm', 'offers', 'several', 'advantages', 'over', 'heapsort', 'improved', 'cache', 'performance', 'better', 'performance', 'if', 'the', 'input', 'happens', 'to', 'be', 'already', 'sorted', 'and', 'easier', 'parallel', 'implementations']]
[-0.07249507911183173, 0.004918090484958763, -0.08409798302454874, 0.09002826849124783, -0.0937337289409091, -0.21578883242909797, 0.10448956846569975, 0.4212957991597553, -0.24058857739631398, -0.36467088557158905, 0.09612885610355686, -0.24486756675954288, -0.1017900580385079, 0.25547197576573427, -0.09697809918240334, 0.0487591017736122, 0.1316197969457941, 0.04308316918710867, -0.11522605339996517, -0.4050117718288675, 0.15119346560095437, 0.12445658914900075, 0.30850328169375035, -0.01499702218764772, 0.06465233937099886, -0.01977397091468447, 0.004806118755368516, 0.0411909253431304, -0.02839444249790783, 0.07305696843347202, 0.2267938498989679, 0.20084756177842186, 0.3187811844206105, -0.4112026682511593, -0.11593320643684517, 0.10077609840664081, 0.1759465326128217, 0.08480225233749177, -0.009151937970273138, -0.24503387768830484, 0.1616727069025122, -0.18778638069246276, -0.051131949585396796, -0.07794427584796419, -0.02073896140306412, -0.021213466449504875, -0.2725944987420614, -0.024541050024708966, 0.07837891592498636, 0.023211354158471902, 0.041244842985179275, -0.18979033106006682, 0.06291817069480506, 0.09063516993774101, 5.206020917588224e-05, 0.05421956005739048, 0.12646016189440465, -0.08089135172970903, -0.15659763221628964, 0.40034054731950164, -0.006106248979146282, -0.20622263588787368, 0.18169037584326966, -0.03819953365018591, -0.09883172837241243, 0.18821458941480765, 0.13304648199118674, 0.09061164420563728, -0.0705384012835566, 0.018212534698250238, -0.0022438913583755493, 0.1711999705682198, 0.14675950557769588, 0.08888146906004597, 0.10007370510720648, 0.250314871838782, 0.12463119838260657, 0.18512657433893764, -0.062117198074702173, -0.12849961318230876, -0.19237115643530464, -0.17286106067088744, -0.13216697916504927, -0.037579260543376826, -0.14089396812232735, -0.06627327781946708, 0.39036458916962147, 0.21321933415310923, 0.14374165520227203, 0.11333380428065236, 0.4134498425992206, 0.01579535622537757, 0.12510528966474035, 0.15808384913543705, 0.1319026508135721, 0.07086073265478869, 0.1274709318410411, -0.15733353480512355, 0.0874311902395372, 0.02198715106351301]
706.2894
Properties of accretion shock waves in viscous flows with cooling effects
We study the properties of the shock waves for a viscous accretion flow having low angular momentum in presence of synchrotron cooling. We present all possible accretion solutions in terms of flow parameters. We identify the region of the parameter space for steady and oscillating shocks and show the effect of various energy dissipation processes on it. We discuss the role of the shock waves while explaining the observations from black hole candidates.
astro-ph
we study the properties of the shock waves for a viscous accretion flow having low angular momentum in presence of synchrotron cooling we present all possible accretion solutions in terms of flow parameters we identify the region of the parameter space for steady and oscillating shocks and show the effect of various energy dissipation processes on it we discuss the role of the shock waves while explaining the observations from black hole candidates
[['we', 'study', 'the', 'properties', 'of', 'the', 'shock', 'waves', 'for', 'a', 'viscous', 'accretion', 'flow', 'having', 'low', 'angular', 'momentum', 'in', 'presence', 'of', 'synchrotron', 'cooling', 'we', 'present', 'all', 'possible', 'accretion', 'solutions', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'flow', 'parameters', 'we', 'identify', 'the', 'region', 'of', 'the', 'parameter', 'space', 'for', 'steady', 'and', 'oscillating', 'shocks', 'and', 'show', 'the', 'effect', 'of', 'various', 'energy', 'dissipation', 'processes', 'on', 'it', 'we', 'discuss', 'the', 'role', 'of', 'the', 'shock', 'waves', 'while', 'explaining', 'the', 'observations', 'from', 'black', 'hole', 'candidates']]
[-0.18163203647079534, 0.1326019733072552, -0.051884761223671576, 0.10036131737064825, -0.0755667723173097, -0.02110345602316195, 0.00437271570442372, 0.34111676992823, -0.2593251081464225, -0.303382384552531, 0.10496591419070857, -0.27452908668105735, -0.0453267254267041, 0.22079549452978864, 0.04597336238478183, 0.027697614126213608, 0.0363864131935247, -0.04967557674605552, -0.03879116800986868, -0.1429031227415504, 0.37174728834261633, 0.09643752848703975, 0.20677784379979927, 0.04575605015589358, 0.12449722545706246, -0.062152724544045655, -0.02010672814723053, 0.0016141655190675583, -0.2134424334596077, 0.017177086336257523, 0.1904133831291166, 0.07943669982790334, 0.22499519832789489, -0.4516345122446344, -0.3055396005256127, 0.06838304565402947, 0.14909409828905068, 0.10973382090881773, -0.07908471352229379, -0.20095083454292115, 0.006239625727375076, -0.20119051071368668, -0.16006873940972433, -0.02943107335228626, 0.04680025665574286, 0.0617587878137559, -0.22617588651506867, 0.1551645861759986, 0.09242145265516354, -0.010764855738372018, -0.16619396198234737, -0.026367137106518224, -0.07179931756140893, 0.07492985622957349, 0.15792574863625716, -0.02340024801239065, 0.17159514862737835, -0.21423952791788806, -0.07084873052033251, 0.3882845264591583, -0.07056476969960822, -0.14126359903547045, 0.21307663767509263, -0.2508517913775493, -0.08882181306229267, 0.16157147308734998, 0.20884930221874215, 0.13644217895599056, -0.07900737835834287, 0.019944380696508907, -0.006418854227825387, 0.09657430844636608, 0.08001369593843613, 0.06664289816359237, 0.3161095982506769, 0.16869467642311364, 0.005053237661055914, 0.18420308665053486, -0.17647458132924926, -0.049551488685721456, -0.32393582157586537, -0.15691862983169824, -0.10334028574248955, 0.040820879938259516, -0.1362029746528045, -0.1367836886800009, 0.3997917355497508, 0.14610934885831117, 0.19541903027677782, -0.0208417371885009, 0.28092840199090846, 0.12900407274240908, -0.0025818126390956034, 0.19321726881962728, 0.34045192205079206, 0.14082643961253233, 0.1316736043743432, -0.3040920160104814, 0.0501864554921854, 0.03590294771049529]
706.2895
Dimensional reduction as a tool for mesh refinement and tracking singularities of PDEs
We present a collection of algorithms which utilize dimensional reduction to perform mesh refinement and study possibly singular solutions of time-dependent partial differential equations. The algorithms are inspired by constructions used in statistical mechanics to evaluate the properties of a system near a critical point. The first algorithm allows the accurate determination of the time of occurrence of a possible singularity. The second algorithm is an adaptive mesh refinement scheme which can be used to approach efficiently the possible singularity. Finally, the third algorithm uses the second algorithm until the available resolution is exhausted (as we approach the possible singularity) and then switches to a dimensionally reduced model which, when accurate, can follow faithfully the solution beyond the time of occurrence of the purported singularity. An accurate dimensionally reduced model should dissipate energy at the right rate. We construct two variants of each algorithm. The first variant assumes that we have actual knowledge of the reduced model. The second variant assumes that we know the form of the reduced model, i.e. the terms appearing in the reduced model, but not necessarily their coefficients. In this case, we also provide a way of determining the coefficients. We present numerical results for the Burgers equation with zero and nonzero viscosity to illustrate the use of the algorithms.
math.NA math.AP
we present a collection of algorithms which utilize dimensional reduction to perform mesh refinement and study possibly singular solutions of timedependent partial differential equations the algorithms are inspired by constructions used in statistical mechanics to evaluate the properties of a system near a critical point the first algorithm allows the accurate determination of the time of occurrence of a possible singularity the second algorithm is an adaptive mesh refinement scheme which can be used to approach efficiently the possible singularity finally the third algorithm uses the second algorithm until the available resolution is exhausted as we approach the possible singularity and then switches to a dimensionally reduced model which when accurate can follow faithfully the solution beyond the time of occurrence of the purported singularity an accurate dimensionally reduced model should dissipate energy at the right rate we construct two variants of each algorithm the first variant assumes that we have actual knowledge of the reduced model the second variant assumes that we know the form of the reduced model ie the terms appearing in the reduced model but not necessarily their coefficients in this case we also provide a way of determining the coefficients we present numerical results for the burgers equation with zero and nonzero viscosity to illustrate the use of the algorithms
[['we', 'present', 'a', 'collection', 'of', 'algorithms', 'which', 'utilize', 'dimensional', 'reduction', 'to', 'perform', 'mesh', 'refinement', 'and', 'study', 'possibly', 'singular', 'solutions', 'of', 'timedependent', 'partial', 'differential', 'equations', 'the', 'algorithms', 'are', 'inspired', 'by', 'constructions', 'used', 'in', 'statistical', 'mechanics', 'to', 'evaluate', 'the', 'properties', 'of', 'a', 'system', 'near', 'a', 'critical', 'point', 'the', 'first', 'algorithm', 'allows', 'the', 'accurate', 'determination', 'of', 'the', 'time', 'of', 'occurrence', 'of', 'a', 'possible', 'singularity', 'the', 'second', 'algorithm', 'is', 'an', 'adaptive', 'mesh', 'refinement', 'scheme', 'which', 'can', 'be', 'used', 'to', 'approach', 'efficiently', 'the', 'possible', 'singularity', 'finally', 'the', 'third', 'algorithm', 'uses', 'the', 'second', 'algorithm', 'until', 'the', 'available', 'resolution', 'is', 'exhausted', 'as', 'we', 'approach', 'the', 'possible', 'singularity', 'and', 'then', 'switches', 'to', 'a', 'dimensionally', 'reduced', 'model', 'which', 'when', 'accurate', 'can', 'follow', 'faithfully', 'the', 'solution', 'beyond', 'the', 'time', 'of', 'occurrence', 'of', 'the', 'purported', 'singularity', 'an', 'accurate', 'dimensionally', 'reduced', 'model', 'should', 'dissipate', 'energy', 'at', 'the', 'right', 'rate', 'we', 'construct', 'two', 'variants', 'of', 'each', 'algorithm', 'the', 'first', 'variant', 'assumes', 'that', 'we', 'have', 'actual', 'knowledge', 'of', 'the', 'reduced', 'model', 'the', 'second', 'variant', 'assumes', 'that', 'we', 'know', 'the', 'form', 'of', 'the', 'reduced', 'model', 'ie', 'the', 'terms', 'appearing', 'in', 'the', 'reduced', 'model', 'but', 'not', 'necessarily', 'their', 'coefficients', 'in', 'this', 'case', 'we', 'also', 'provide', 'a', 'way', 'of', 'determining', 'the', 'coefficients', 'we', 'present', 'numerical', 'results', 'for', 'the', 'burgers', 'equation', 'with', 'zero', 'and', 'nonzero', 'viscosity', 'to', 'illustrate', 'the', 'use', 'of', 'the', 'algorithms']]
[-0.09895873987982266, 0.021245783064000004, -0.10580901162655548, 0.04931266004447067, -0.08051567162538684, -0.13907098233439893, 0.05380049733726611, 0.3196425055651817, -0.3020550222937451, -0.28638288693632497, 0.11659310811042223, -0.24105214591924545, -0.16823440777181192, 0.1723309579337839, -0.05243909852416796, 0.06807610089998953, 0.053181020541473285, 0.06692267980570038, -0.0991683631775316, -0.27373657380772193, 0.3218416287412131, 0.07322683812573899, 0.2372342394448297, 0.022481109682730465, 0.1353315585141265, -0.022428931517873046, -0.04451414233636718, 0.038510676813420165, -0.1597909346269579, 0.11345884121932782, 0.21512656644268266, 0.120538153967192, 0.2730342399247727, -0.4372321519567523, -0.1825352288371082, 0.10671079867454462, 0.16709830089320624, 0.16511075126581154, -0.0009305374225774823, -0.22071386501517926, 0.11050126743394621, -0.17326027567736632, -0.17036235991345589, -0.09502593347109681, -0.04077806722935896, 0.004210778562958504, -0.2761280654063232, 0.0782576497567027, 0.06391462542030008, -0.014443620065833593, -0.07688449669201577, -0.06588880421084807, 0.001339176100093958, 0.11848471647217805, 0.012561023909176246, 0.010015769183722347, 0.07655133976232867, -0.1044925587870408, -0.11577910158869832, 0.3956324216552339, -0.0640607144924552, -0.22065041923765527, 0.1581632332529786, -0.11415315713560166, -0.11686395438994433, 0.1498509570068225, 0.16675107350984458, 0.16209659775932925, -0.11258180363592421, 0.07564988641723513, -0.013990689047374005, 0.161708334045685, 0.04087405781110012, -0.020213257783460756, 0.14737721337655255, 0.16407710569694117, 0.07861538753021768, 0.12570035197544668, -0.07413065355314419, -0.10450041304033812, -0.328143176245828, -0.16101641929742264, -0.1702959463758351, 0.006734806840811574, -0.09812318983665115, -0.17692140894400518, 0.38239310178531777, 0.1927538581352226, 0.19463336194843747, 0.05948528655003323, 0.32387408821215463, 0.15904583522865853, 0.04608864957185159, 0.08363343989584855, 0.20088631945532248, 0.1058733988596603, 0.09568788362666965, -0.22346701049611384, 0.0703593475051051, 0.13749850406528039]
706.2896
Parameter space study of magnetohydrodynamic flows around magnetized compact objects
We solve the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations governing axisymmetric flows around neutron stars and black holes and found all possible solution topologies for adiabatic accretion. We divide the parameter space spanned by the conserved energy and angular momentum of the flow in terms of the flow topologies. We also study the possibility of the formation of the MHD shock waves.
astro-ph
we solve the magnetohydrodynamic mhd equations governing axisymmetric flows around neutron stars and black holes and found all possible solution topologies for adiabatic accretion we divide the parameter space spanned by the conserved energy and angular momentum of the flow in terms of the flow topologies we also study the possibility of the formation of the mhd shock waves
[['we', 'solve', 'the', 'magnetohydrodynamic', 'mhd', 'equations', 'governing', 'axisymmetric', 'flows', 'around', 'neutron', 'stars', 'and', 'black', 'holes', 'and', 'found', 'all', 'possible', 'solution', 'topologies', 'for', 'adiabatic', 'accretion', 'we', 'divide', 'the', 'parameter', 'space', 'spanned', 'by', 'the', 'conserved', 'energy', 'and', 'angular', 'momentum', 'of', 'the', 'flow', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'the', 'flow', 'topologies', 'we', 'also', 'study', 'the', 'possibility', 'of', 'the', 'formation', 'of', 'the', 'mhd', 'shock', 'waves']]
[-0.211847777367901, 0.14700173109896103, -0.024752825332837083, 0.11463668213178546, -0.07169582408268825, 0.011119371493173352, -0.024078168164370424, 0.2790903144405555, -0.2531073659153308, -0.2885878992156457, 0.06478585749351562, -0.2526770782641182, -0.045158078010051936, 0.1962630341492467, 0.06870187863202418, 0.09179927995901997, 0.07380831612558184, -0.06907118531733246, -0.08194189574036716, -0.16156179698034173, 0.42002749215748353, 0.06481427112120693, 0.20606851519353814, -0.03632612146784441, 0.11553453373075542, -0.08713549780817229, -0.04992577929239152, 0.059659402613020975, -0.26684842376290996, 0.0007908338665078252, 0.20286521310839106, 0.10297431876504068, 0.18827072179765772, -0.4782039211210558, -0.26088642758727704, 0.051590880047593074, 0.21208786825507375, 0.1131987305815821, -0.031846790921763846, -0.2028203775190701, 0.05096408566933567, -0.23045232510036331, -0.162624289739435, -0.060787665610343725, 0.051406250461557154, 0.038929658322358285, -0.23275360052663266, 0.12753131773107748, 0.09256656096964064, -0.03809843027680102, -0.2145871264639042, 0.014008743593753394, -0.12946540341412616, 0.054875624760732815, 0.14317287598989145, -0.009140703120758221, 0.14152711499640244, -0.17152659901244155, -0.0926519544732015, 0.402611202165737, -0.01528065730580839, -0.22111698944058458, 0.1701559475701997, -0.24700637629760777, -0.06143948631518978, 0.15186651961057115, 0.20277410952405908, 0.19336963544394506, -0.09919689017963612, 0.06570423697220099, -0.05404050384995417, 0.08487425242566456, 0.11690458285985357, -0.023414062604434408, 0.30991988752226707, 0.137584564449676, 0.03304301448545213, 0.11094938267527496, -0.15937901397188337, -0.12709652526813195, -0.2959617463382498, -0.16087065622905047, -0.11781140423371946, 0.08679537018129634, -0.15755597304605082, -0.1422839443499254, 0.4182424944415057, 0.115992127736178, 0.1347733898309328, -0.025141083177621083, 0.2909949734303, 0.11384664652908569, 0.0020053941426972336, 0.2595680528951777, 0.3209241596469853, 0.20084510039601286, 0.18002543964628445, -0.32712104206241793, -0.024695062567874536, 0.11280987309134108]
706.2897
Equilibrium ion distribution in the presence of clearing electrodes and its influence on electron dynamics
Here we compute the ion distribution produced by an electron beam when ion-clearing electrodes are installed. This ion density is established as an equilibrium between gas ionization and ion clearing. The transverse ion distributions are shown to strongly peak in the beam's center, producing very nonlinear forces on the electron beam. We will analyze perturbations to the beam properties by these nonlinear fields. To obtain reasonable simulation speeds, we develop fast algorithms that take advantage of adiabatic invariants and scaling properties of Maxwell's equations and the Lorentz force. Our results are very relevant for high current Energy Recovery Linacs, where ions are produced relatively quickly, and where clearing gaps in the electron beam cannot easily be used for ion elimination. The examples in this paper therefore use parameters of the Cornell Energy Recovery Linac project. For simplicity we only consider the case of a circular electron beam of changing diameter. However, we parameterize this model to approximate non-round beams well. We find suitable places for clearing electrodes and compute the equilibrium ion density and its effect on electron-emittance growth and halo development. We find that it is not sufficient to place clearing electrodes only at the minimum of the electron beam potential where ions are accumulated.
physics.acc-ph physics.comp-ph
here we compute the ion distribution produced by an electron beam when ionclearing electrodes are installed this ion density is established as an equilibrium between gas ionization and ion clearing the transverse ion distributions are shown to strongly peak in the beams center producing very nonlinear forces on the electron beam we will analyze perturbations to the beam properties by these nonlinear fields to obtain reasonable simulation speeds we develop fast algorithms that take advantage of adiabatic invariants and scaling properties of maxwells equations and the lorentz force our results are very relevant for high current energy recovery linacs where ions are produced relatively quickly and where clearing gaps in the electron beam cannot easily be used for ion elimination the examples in this paper therefore use parameters of the cornell energy recovery linac project for simplicity we only consider the case of a circular electron beam of changing diameter however we parameterize this model to approximate nonround beams well we find suitable places for clearing electrodes and compute the equilibrium ion density and its effect on electronemittance growth and halo development we find that it is not sufficient to place clearing electrodes only at the minimum of the electron beam potential where ions are accumulated
[['here', 'we', 'compute', 'the', 'ion', 'distribution', 'produced', 'by', 'an', 'electron', 'beam', 'when', 'ionclearing', 'electrodes', 'are', 'installed', 'this', 'ion', 'density', 'is', 'established', 'as', 'an', 'equilibrium', 'between', 'gas', 'ionization', 'and', 'ion', 'clearing', 'the', 'transverse', 'ion', 'distributions', 'are', 'shown', 'to', 'strongly', 'peak', 'in', 'the', 'beams', 'center', 'producing', 'very', 'nonlinear', 'forces', 'on', 'the', 'electron', 'beam', 'we', 'will', 'analyze', 'perturbations', 'to', 'the', 'beam', 'properties', 'by', 'these', 'nonlinear', 'fields', 'to', 'obtain', 'reasonable', 'simulation', 'speeds', 'we', 'develop', 'fast', 'algorithms', 'that', 'take', 'advantage', 'of', 'adiabatic', 'invariants', 'and', 'scaling', 'properties', 'of', 'maxwells', 'equations', 'and', 'the', 'lorentz', 'force', 'our', 'results', 'are', 'very', 'relevant', 'for', 'high', 'current', 'energy', 'recovery', 'linacs', 'where', 'ions', 'are', 'produced', 'relatively', 'quickly', 'and', 'where', 'clearing', 'gaps', 'in', 'the', 'electron', 'beam', 'can', 'not', 'easily', 'be', 'used', 'for', 'ion', 'elimination', 'the', 'examples', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'therefore', 'use', 'parameters', 'of', 'the', 'cornell', 'energy', 'recovery', 'linac', 'project', 'for', 'simplicity', 'we', 'only', 'consider', 'the', 'case', 'of', 'a', 'circular', 'electron', 'beam', 'of', 'changing', 'diameter', 'however', 'we', 'parameterize', 'this', 'model', 'to', 'approximate', 'nonround', 'beams', 'well', 'we', 'find', 'suitable', 'places', 'for', 'clearing', 'electrodes', 'and', 'compute', 'the', 'equilibrium', 'ion', 'density', 'and', 'its', 'effect', 'on', 'electronemittance', 'growth', 'and', 'halo', 'development', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'it', 'is', 'not', 'sufficient', 'to', 'place', 'clearing', 'electrodes', 'only', 'at', 'the', 'minimum', 'of', 'the', 'electron', 'beam', 'potential', 'where', 'ions', 'are', 'accumulated']]
[-0.08894733047629592, 0.16238213172508972, -0.06737461333821823, 0.07283873159563305, -0.007393697733286677, -0.15863114462302225, -0.005557878051384738, 0.4194988641285951, -0.2562259166206165, -0.30579856354288937, 0.06972760323082983, -0.27347908684552263, 0.0005718822065718109, 0.20426710933878472, -0.0017222337788198052, 0.06537864836154324, 0.0666676219507325, -0.04447785060761905, -0.053760369889801596, -0.19715146837051867, 0.2754620381210726, 0.14152940804729375, 0.26989146276468, 0.1133149416636315, 0.11745633517914429, -0.0077728450298309324, 0.04365596303875308, 0.007839682970832033, -0.1351024544665096, 0.07946579685979864, 0.2355627385850445, 0.0655713880389202, 0.23929205383060545, -0.5010012611746788, -0.19110949974927324, 0.07273173166620658, 0.13741356182798017, 0.13236644024301955, -0.11546617252737988, -0.1965169853451321, 0.044518455236059865, -0.16865968261902198, -0.17026156789918498, -0.07518749720439678, 0.017484713485464452, 0.09426082708253866, -0.3151592339343596, 0.04026533713586992, 0.02214084733902227, 0.01972832249750088, -0.06238059265050674, -0.10512699008714863, -0.0066237418753344835, 0.0418363933435857, 0.035311904738134725, 0.008774577123226553, 0.2270497165120593, -0.11062313525982928, -0.03680615909397602, 0.37206620081986597, -0.023704348567010064, -0.16193956451081648, 0.17832228789196872, -0.21324368233497187, -0.05737208183854818, 0.1444450378718945, 0.19690801712809267, 0.09544502366788504, -0.16298295791841555, 0.022479150931793833, -0.006188209412801193, 0.1316461810052449, 0.12082910054681323, 0.01757355513641747, 0.20674254362494116, 0.12509087164341132, 0.08708867778002126, 0.12726788966584293, -0.13181835885568544, -0.05614557532343741, -0.28583608446869907, -0.13213524241000413, -0.16474162151173846, 0.019457068132015126, -0.006025527249070498, -0.12588898696774822, 0.41345960083076866, 0.14382551161163465, 0.16450772322260024, -0.022346327221021055, 0.317914420339029, 0.13242480561631254, 0.045092657567342605, 0.10245686565730266, 0.2647311006888475, 0.1238165653901311, 0.10276072989785817, -0.2649435863171409, 0.05666147831304953, 0.007082895221324955]
706.2898
Hecke operators in equivariant elliptic cohomology and generalized moonshine
This paper studies connections between generalized moonshine and elliptic cohomology with a focus on the action of the Hecke correspondence and its implications for the notion of replicability.
math.AT math.GR
this paper studies connections between generalized moonshine and elliptic cohomology with a focus on the action of the hecke correspondence and its implications for the notion of replicability
[['this', 'paper', 'studies', 'connections', 'between', 'generalized', 'moonshine', 'and', 'elliptic', 'cohomology', 'with', 'a', 'focus', 'on', 'the', 'action', 'of', 'the', 'hecke', 'correspondence', 'and', 'its', 'implications', 'for', 'the', 'notion', 'of', 'replicability']]
[-0.19206337700597942, 0.03892311726563743, -0.13633649673179857, 0.0656769224234657, -0.13648865458422474, -0.12017841996358973, 0.019417773038315187, 0.28491816403610365, -0.3028303649542587, -0.2367035502102226, 0.09826463460922241, -0.26945492535430404, -0.28104587617729393, 0.20799548774292426, -0.14028948167937674, 0.008404569964373618, 0.08978817079748426, 0.125956615632666, -0.14751075168273278, -0.2508483417997403, 0.47592297023428337, 0.04130418022811812, 0.2806610990997537, 0.1532065055629833, 0.05817779023865504, 0.03837072939911325, -0.07880850438959897, -0.08354929249201502, -0.15123575446861132, 0.26874164804550155, 0.29846556957012843, 0.03193846143715616, 0.27851191429155214, -0.3898762946150133, -0.13056733668781817, 0.17520425817929208, 0.08410544673513089, -0.006811010651290417, -0.05365162497868629, -0.2932768666318485, 0.028428626479581, -0.21995549143425056, -0.1325505903535356, -0.007003578881267458, 0.02688625248681222, 0.014323693899703878, -0.19986344581203802, 0.005213019937010748, 0.09432370202349764, 0.19062688015401363, -0.09119141305148203, -0.04312264493533543, -0.01681830521972318, 0.10498890099448285, 0.06438372242597065, -0.010653720553299146, 0.03428573743440211, -0.18298725250809053, -0.18593077920377254, 0.35428860211478813, 0.003878323095185416, -0.20153591322845646, 0.13869894402367727, -0.15421004403781677, -0.2494623638756041, -0.05818969360552728, 0.13090936041304044, 0.13596859245028878, -0.02190973064196961, 0.15340749746038845, -0.11782167735509574, 0.014418730911399637, 0.09470629652163812, 0.024565026563193117, 0.1760142679060144, 0.11996821493708662, 0.028465894450034415, 0.10828564761738692, -0.0023634028205248925, -0.08545222319662571, -0.38455408146338804, -0.21815564074287458, -0.062022946774959564, 0.04020682369757976, -0.09352918772388616, -0.16595633441050137, 0.4709178613764899, 0.15955281839706004, 0.21014493678896023, 0.1650237550825945, 0.18069533637857862, 0.07135646966552096, 0.06583850070767637, -0.013594477005036814, 0.16229028514187252, 0.2727088746614754, 0.03692050950069513, -0.25316613513444153, 0.004736125469207764, 0.19349554859633958]
706.2899
Disconnected synchronized regions of complex dynamical networks
This paper addresses the synchronized region problem, which is reduced to a matrix stability problem, for complex dynamical networks. For any natural number $n$, the existence of a network which has $n$ disconnected synchronized regions is theoretically demonstrated. This shows the complexity in network synchronization. Convexity characteristic of stability for matrix pencils is further discussed. Smooth and generalized smooth Chua's circuit networks are finally discussed as examples for illustration.
math.CO
this paper addresses the synchronized region problem which is reduced to a matrix stability problem for complex dynamical networks for any natural number n the existence of a network which has n disconnected synchronized regions is theoretically demonstrated this shows the complexity in network synchronization convexity characteristic of stability for matrix pencils is further discussed smooth and generalized smooth chuas circuit networks are finally discussed as examples for illustration
[['this', 'paper', 'addresses', 'the', 'synchronized', 'region', 'problem', 'which', 'is', 'reduced', 'to', 'a', 'matrix', 'stability', 'problem', 'for', 'complex', 'dynamical', 'networks', 'for', 'any', 'natural', 'number', 'n', 'the', 'existence', 'of', 'a', 'network', 'which', 'has', 'n', 'disconnected', 'synchronized', 'regions', 'is', 'theoretically', 'demonstrated', 'this', 'shows', 'the', 'complexity', 'in', 'network', 'synchronization', 'convexity', 'characteristic', 'of', 'stability', 'for', 'matrix', 'pencils', 'is', 'further', 'discussed', 'smooth', 'and', 'generalized', 'smooth', 'chuas', 'circuit', 'networks', 'are', 'finally', 'discussed', 'as', 'examples', 'for', 'illustration']]
[-0.20967838932098687, 0.07444936418365958, 0.0014144785540259402, 0.06828859311602739, -0.027833758812883625, -0.17022267185941176, 0.015578470977387675, 0.36074116029709147, -0.29555033507716394, -0.22121675043245373, 0.12186945153339564, -0.2168640668058525, -0.2770481354192547, 0.19172262794513634, -0.113276214359507, 0.09439455945908591, 0.07081884365744781, 0.05683450843544974, -0.06681130849418865, -0.23299506819550542, 0.35046250178762106, -0.005961786262164621, 0.26852783648486156, 0.04791548869073175, 0.08865172194613927, -0.05613876437174453, 0.0480658381205538, 0.052396000562019755, -0.07792992937797005, 0.08907166049491776, 0.30159461200642196, 0.14746788894568663, 0.2845267696657043, -0.41141459270231967, -0.2591969479766229, 0.17449599404589852, 0.17997853864875177, 0.08738042012977319, -0.02727847032761876, -0.27150982885580993, 0.14256713025109924, -0.12919974602434947, -0.15442779286346142, -0.08975554350088688, 0.05813749131841072, 0.017470712247102158, -0.29635773597798054, 0.024665229454420616, 0.05335297006767824, 0.0629977822587218, -0.016411298757715933, -0.07884431290575236, 0.004695574901458146, 0.08982082116889997, -0.016328183444810733, -0.01582252908417064, 0.08617601613851561, -0.07340751732092189, -0.0894226175935372, 0.31679303922514984, 0.01726877002173738, -0.2296519673064999, 0.14401382458922657, -0.043026968583707574, -0.1497198005233878, 0.124809548906658, 0.17784342578733744, 0.102557473451547, -0.12505277366363915, 0.09845110157123375, -0.09288370518175804, 0.17308080801065417, 0.07397036541226333, 0.024203032177562516, 0.10315660179417202, 0.24722728813472, 0.11843847992249588, 0.19479886026702065, -0.00507875356445278, -0.12147898168600016, -0.2924395550609283, -0.10938933623981649, -0.19291224962680775, 0.044314425158570855, -0.12153213874051394, -0.1782227319975694, 0.44120224576065503, 0.0661131589659962, 0.18950996431859507, 0.10995858953928278, 0.30808873741847015, 0.09584595748743015, -0.01820286020528579, 0.06267937945633911, 0.20237038428962661, 0.189888473532662, 0.09795105296686507, -0.22078021200022835, 0.07053775143256222, 0.09668176135291225]
706.29
Water Maser Kinematics in the Jet of OH 12.8-0.9
We present Very Long Baseline Array observations of the kinematics of the water masers associated with OH 12.8-0.9, the fourth member of the so-called "water fountain" class of sources. We find that the masers occupy two distinct regions at the ends of a bipolar jet-like structure oriented north-south, with the blue-shifted masers located to the north and the red-shifted masers to the south. The masers are distributed along arc-like structures 12-20 mas across oriented perpendicular to the separation axis with an angular separation of ~110 mas on the sky. Our multi-epoch observations, show the two maser arcs to be expanding away from each other along the axis of separation. The relative proper motions of the two maser regions is 2.7 mas/yr (~105 km/s at the assumed distance of 8 kpc). The measured radial velocity difference between the northern, blue-shifted masers and the southern, red-shifted masers is 48.4 km/s. The radial velocity, when combined with the proper motion, yields a three-dimensional expansion velocity of 58 km/s and an inclination angle of 24 deg. for the jet. By combining our radial velocities with historical values, we estimate the three dimensional acceleration of the masers to be ~0.63 km/s/yr and a dynamical age for the collimated outflow of ~90 yr.
astro-ph
we present very long baseline array observations of the kinematics of the water masers associated with oh 12809 the fourth member of the socalled water fountain class of sources we find that the masers occupy two distinct regions at the ends of a bipolar jetlike structure oriented northsouth with the blueshifted masers located to the north and the redshifted masers to the south the masers are distributed along arclike structures 1220 mas across oriented perpendicular to the separation axis with an angular separation of 110 mas on the sky our multiepoch observations show the two maser arcs to be expanding away from each other along the axis of separation the relative proper motions of the two maser regions is 27 masyr 105 kms at the assumed distance of 8 kpc the measured radial velocity difference between the northern blueshifted masers and the southern redshifted masers is 484 kms the radial velocity when combined with the proper motion yields a threedimensional expansion velocity of 58 kms and an inclination angle of 24 deg for the jet by combining our radial velocities with historical values we estimate the three dimensional acceleration of the masers to be 063 kmsyr and a dynamical age for the collimated outflow of 90 yr
[['we', 'present', 'very', 'long', 'baseline', 'array', 'observations', 'of', 'the', 'kinematics', 'of', 'the', 'water', 'masers', 'associated', 'with', 'oh', '12809', 'the', 'fourth', 'member', 'of', 'the', 'socalled', 'water', 'fountain', 'class', 'of', 'sources', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'the', 'masers', 'occupy', 'two', 'distinct', 'regions', 'at', 'the', 'ends', 'of', 'a', 'bipolar', 'jetlike', 'structure', 'oriented', 'northsouth', 'with', 'the', 'blueshifted', 'masers', 'located', 'to', 'the', 'north', 'and', 'the', 'redshifted', 'masers', 'to', 'the', 'south', 'the', 'masers', 'are', 'distributed', 'along', 'arclike', 'structures', '1220', 'mas', 'across', 'oriented', 'perpendicular', 'to', 'the', 'separation', 'axis', 'with', 'an', 'angular', 'separation', 'of', '110', 'mas', 'on', 'the', 'sky', 'our', 'multiepoch', 'observations', 'show', 'the', 'two', 'maser', 'arcs', 'to', 'be', 'expanding', 'away', 'from', 'each', 'other', 'along', 'the', 'axis', 'of', 'separation', 'the', 'relative', 'proper', 'motions', 'of', 'the', 'two', 'maser', 'regions', 'is', '27', 'masyr', '105', 'kms', 'at', 'the', 'assumed', 'distance', 'of', '8', 'kpc', 'the', 'measured', 'radial', 'velocity', 'difference', 'between', 'the', 'northern', 'blueshifted', 'masers', 'and', 'the', 'southern', 'redshifted', 'masers', 'is', '484', 'kms', 'the', 'radial', 'velocity', 'when', 'combined', 'with', 'the', 'proper', 'motion', 'yields', 'a', 'threedimensional', 'expansion', 'velocity', 'of', '58', 'kms', 'and', 'an', 'inclination', 'angle', 'of', '24', 'deg', 'for', 'the', 'jet', 'by', 'combining', 'our', 'radial', 'velocities', 'with', 'historical', 'values', 'we', 'estimate', 'the', 'three', 'dimensional', 'acceleration', 'of', 'the', 'masers', 'to', 'be', '063', 'kmsyr', 'and', 'a', 'dynamical', 'age', 'for', 'the', 'collimated', 'outflow', 'of', '90', 'yr']]
[-0.14027407664287997, 0.11104596710158625, -0.008144338974656844, -0.04597237173443009, -0.10478144828557914, -0.05969000932618126, -0.009753298204283691, 0.47714750311400705, -0.22681918374072868, -0.27656193347014846, 0.05058384397026441, -0.2640617045402093, 0.0608412946528615, 0.16653771561376063, 0.014553838107990354, -0.10799205740703241, 0.08923580874694574, -0.0757359963863211, -0.0785207639762553, -0.16922398755277138, 0.22278427437130924, 0.06403629260744619, 0.1754313127083469, -0.03756803187351782, 0.1584256480954298, -0.18658538228036492, -0.07214413276982033, 0.01326906143515868, -0.13625092416294896, 0.1167456301661588, 0.2221030695510811, 0.07343740768061535, 0.21244164284214703, -0.27009119909568646, -0.13149189704902542, -0.001443956857188311, 0.14929785049583727, 0.04148491501936167, 0.041029686443349436, -0.36985549776932425, 0.03824784726049136, -0.1548082711643006, -0.2740227376603639, 0.15029585191943837, 0.10871689544439099, 0.08561646362350693, -0.1928871940898831, 0.19493519322374764, -0.0007092330363696075, 0.16545546091686103, -0.1129624440687374, -0.1590628191191269, -0.0986218339406424, 0.05324613009491885, 0.03323019944918026, 0.15266686375705002, 0.17375609225613853, -0.06813358487064744, -0.08191808831462076, 0.40699939873437985, -0.09558080289980794, -0.07173960653215068, 0.22905775947548287, -0.2636298004795517, -0.17889387762734613, 0.25066259445043876, 0.15160364046855604, 0.10360564323802235, -0.12272553273666824, -0.08180392774622164, -0.05030998776133344, 0.2008353789988001, 0.13008091202484967, 0.039156870346841885, 0.33865128243251624, 0.019222866504756027, 0.12191164572678, 0.10324289075644841, -0.3677387037645071, -0.08713569365288086, -0.27804476559926183, -0.10373479687016529, -0.07433112227788548, 0.036174360728253, -0.1693531673023527, -0.08953635155600388, 0.36645475342119277, 0.08713411176616769, 0.21027532862092468, 0.015696229133839737, 0.27733894380304547, 0.004710025982524368, 0.09282470143567409, 0.19503004893714798, 0.327788285427338, 0.20280234054526658, 0.1269002729570222, -0.2293591511252707, 0.07876982529267886, -0.004308881003011778]
706.2901
Analysis and control of network synchronizability
In this paper, the investigation is first motivated by showing two examples of simple regular symmetrical graphs, which have the same structural parameters, such as average distance, degree distribution and node betweenness centrality, but have very different synchronizabilities. This demonstrates the complexity of the network synchronizability problem. For a given network with identical node dynamics, it is further shown that two key factors influencing the network synchronizability are the network inner linking matrix and the eigenvalues of the network topological matrix. Several examples are then provided to show that adding new edges to a network can either increase or decrease the network synchronizability. In searching for conditions under which the network synchronizability may be increased by adding edges, it is found that for networks with disconnected complementary graphs, adding edges never decreases their synchronizability. This implies that better understanding and careful manipulation of the complementary graphs are important and useful for enhancing the network synchronizability. Moreover, it is found that an unbounded synchronized region is always easier to analyze than a bounded synchronized region. Therefore, to effectively enhance the network synchronizability, a design method is finally presented for the inner linking matrix of rank 1 such that the resultant network has an unbounded synchronized region, for the case where the synchronous state is an equilibrium point of the network.
math.CO
in this paper the investigation is first motivated by showing two examples of simple regular symmetrical graphs which have the same structural parameters such as average distance degree distribution and node betweenness centrality but have very different synchronizabilities this demonstrates the complexity of the network synchronizability problem for a given network with identical node dynamics it is further shown that two key factors influencing the network synchronizability are the network inner linking matrix and the eigenvalues of the network topological matrix several examples are then provided to show that adding new edges to a network can either increase or decrease the network synchronizability in searching for conditions under which the network synchronizability may be increased by adding edges it is found that for networks with disconnected complementary graphs adding edges never decreases their synchronizability this implies that better understanding and careful manipulation of the complementary graphs are important and useful for enhancing the network synchronizability moreover it is found that an unbounded synchronized region is always easier to analyze than a bounded synchronized region therefore to effectively enhance the network synchronizability a design method is finally presented for the inner linking matrix of rank 1 such that the resultant network has an unbounded synchronized region for the case where the synchronous state is an equilibrium point of the network
[['in', 'this', 'paper', 'the', 'investigation', 'is', 'first', 'motivated', 'by', 'showing', 'two', 'examples', 'of', 'simple', 'regular', 'symmetrical', 'graphs', 'which', 'have', 'the', 'same', 'structural', 'parameters', 'such', 'as', 'average', 'distance', 'degree', 'distribution', 'and', 'node', 'betweenness', 'centrality', 'but', 'have', 'very', 'different', 'synchronizabilities', 'this', 'demonstrates', 'the', 'complexity', 'of', 'the', 'network', 'synchronizability', 'problem', 'for', 'a', 'given', 'network', 'with', 'identical', 'node', 'dynamics', 'it', 'is', 'further', 'shown', 'that', 'two', 'key', 'factors', 'influencing', 'the', 'network', 'synchronizability', 'are', 'the', 'network', 'inner', 'linking', 'matrix', 'and', 'the', 'eigenvalues', 'of', 'the', 'network', 'topological', 'matrix', 'several', 'examples', 'are', 'then', 'provided', 'to', 'show', 'that', 'adding', 'new', 'edges', 'to', 'a', 'network', 'can', 'either', 'increase', 'or', 'decrease', 'the', 'network', 'synchronizability', 'in', 'searching', 'for', 'conditions', 'under', 'which', 'the', 'network', 'synchronizability', 'may', 'be', 'increased', 'by', 'adding', 'edges', 'it', 'is', 'found', 'that', 'for', 'networks', 'with', 'disconnected', 'complementary', 'graphs', 'adding', 'edges', 'never', 'decreases', 'their', 'synchronizability', 'this', 'implies', 'that', 'better', 'understanding', 'and', 'careful', 'manipulation', 'of', 'the', 'complementary', 'graphs', 'are', 'important', 'and', 'useful', 'for', 'enhancing', 'the', 'network', 'synchronizability', 'moreover', 'it', 'is', 'found', 'that', 'an', 'unbounded', 'synchronized', 'region', 'is', 'always', 'easier', 'to', 'analyze', 'than', 'a', 'bounded', 'synchronized', 'region', 'therefore', 'to', 'effectively', 'enhance', 'the', 'network', 'synchronizability', 'a', 'design', 'method', 'is', 'finally', 'presented', 'for', 'the', 'inner', 'linking', 'matrix', 'of', 'rank', '1', 'such', 'that', 'the', 'resultant', 'network', 'has', 'an', 'unbounded', 'synchronized', 'region', 'for', 'the', 'case', 'where', 'the', 'synchronous', 'state', 'is', 'an', 'equilibrium', 'point', 'of', 'the', 'network']]
[-0.156572740446507, 0.09992993661861198, -0.030715486585854664, 0.04391347628766073, -0.05699049743477665, -0.17757744994868926, 0.045664814352634614, 0.41316163948301327, -0.3029878937699106, -0.28823320057089313, 0.09825631014366182, -0.25326878678933673, -0.23930660929688927, 0.13507885441350656, -0.05749883436543948, 0.035733125375481234, 0.1035836357388372, 0.09330963122726786, -0.013648334433486975, -0.255414360484809, 0.3500428381610935, 0.08175292475055049, 0.2758360859081405, 0.07476568529932384, 0.04739123792173939, -0.03709944856028423, 0.003918794145030098, 0.07902568320897536, -0.07803674398586602, 0.11372296389570426, 0.25024430910467144, 0.1392280327010934, 0.2680243265328057, -0.4261694902964278, -0.23979625362185164, 0.16348408374063875, 0.1733917428272426, 0.08245058744876654, 0.01190646853374847, -0.2829465848242078, 0.14048221190417304, -0.16671291623474685, -0.09653753701409479, -0.07558105741050777, 0.039036671635844324, 0.012919337466816255, -0.28158462086026004, 0.007384711494156664, 0.08505551834508494, 0.01632777569759979, -0.0057495304248765654, -0.09718364987569357, -0.07121461055907977, 0.18638946296147352, 0.004843520845389079, 0.034041516457197316, 0.12067275778433188, -0.13363774675222267, -0.10005951487168738, 0.32252501809986633, 0.0114802559226919, -0.19451641423815708, 0.177862044017967, -0.08315969630007829, -0.13816832370850218, 0.10780061681118341, 0.160179465273267, 0.08809118728388908, -0.14540449825089868, -0.009680261469121442, -0.051980174723329074, 0.17477286647251752, 0.06976490027437823, 0.05093116678271887, 0.14484667462091722, 0.21006734973383606, 0.17139341167511776, 0.18086876488160428, -0.033352111295344086, -0.09094486059620976, -0.22518531707064207, -0.10699522032598974, -0.2081751580939654, 0.0052056754544086824, -0.17087248151394574, -0.13885033991518367, 0.43424742492001267, 0.11387273687452779, 0.21946564916128275, 0.08039065611061699, 0.2799118382150282, 0.10445042361383575, 0.07258954350601608, 0.1253761504712694, 0.2480376844354179, 0.11299445030467431, 0.08357975924806242, -0.1932575047857752, 0.14235978869618762, 0.035738301525571184]
706.2902
Complexity in linearly coupled dynamical networks: Some unusual phenomena in energy accumulation
This paper addresses the energy accumulation problem, in terms of the $H_2$ norm, of linearly coupled dynamical networks. An interesting outer-coupling relationship is constructed, under which the $H_2$ norm of the newly constructed network with column-input and row-output shaped matrices increases exponentially fast with the node number $N$: it increases generally much faster than $2^N$ when $N$ is large while the $H_2$ norm of each node is 1. However, the $H_2$ norm of the network with a diffusive coupling is equal to $\gamma_2 N$, i.e., increasing linearly, when the network is stable, where $\gamma_2$ is the $H_2$ norm of a single node. And the $H_2$ norm of the network with antisymmetrical coupling also increases, but rather slowly, with the node number $N$. Other networks with block-diagonal-input and block-diagonal-output matrices behave similarly. It demonstrates that the changes of $H_2$ norms in different networks are very complicated, despite the fact that the networks are linear. Finally, the influence of the $H_2$ norm of the locally linearized network on the output of a network with Lur'e nodes is discussed.
math.OC math.DS
this paper addresses the energy accumulation problem in terms of the h_2 norm of linearly coupled dynamical networks an interesting outercoupling relationship is constructed under which the h_2 norm of the newly constructed network with columninput and rowoutput shaped matrices increases exponentially fast with the node number n it increases generally much faster than 2n when n is large while the h_2 norm of each node is 1 however the h_2 norm of the network with a diffusive coupling is equal to gamma_2 n ie increasing linearly when the network is stable where gamma_2 is the h_2 norm of a single node and the h_2 norm of the network with antisymmetrical coupling also increases but rather slowly with the node number n other networks with blockdiagonalinput and blockdiagonaloutput matrices behave similarly it demonstrates that the changes of h_2 norms in different networks are very complicated despite the fact that the networks are linear finally the influence of the h_2 norm of the locally linearized network on the output of a network with lure nodes is discussed
[['this', 'paper', 'addresses', 'the', 'energy', 'accumulation', 'problem', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'the', 'h_2', 'norm', 'of', 'linearly', 'coupled', 'dynamical', 'networks', 'an', 'interesting', 'outercoupling', 'relationship', 'is', 'constructed', 'under', 'which', 'the', 'h_2', 'norm', 'of', 'the', 'newly', 'constructed', 'network', 'with', 'columninput', 'and', 'rowoutput', 'shaped', 'matrices', 'increases', 'exponentially', 'fast', 'with', 'the', 'node', 'number', 'n', 'it', 'increases', 'generally', 'much', 'faster', 'than', '2n', 'when', 'n', 'is', 'large', 'while', 'the', 'h_2', 'norm', 'of', 'each', 'node', 'is', '1', 'however', 'the', 'h_2', 'norm', 'of', 'the', 'network', 'with', 'a', 'diffusive', 'coupling', 'is', 'equal', 'to', 'gamma_2', 'n', 'ie', 'increasing', 'linearly', 'when', 'the', 'network', 'is', 'stable', 'where', 'gamma_2', 'is', 'the', 'h_2', 'norm', 'of', 'a', 'single', 'node', 'and', 'the', 'h_2', 'norm', 'of', 'the', 'network', 'with', 'antisymmetrical', 'coupling', 'also', 'increases', 'but', 'rather', 'slowly', 'with', 'the', 'node', 'number', 'n', 'other', 'networks', 'with', 'blockdiagonalinput', 'and', 'blockdiagonaloutput', 'matrices', 'behave', 'similarly', 'it', 'demonstrates', 'that', 'the', 'changes', 'of', 'h_2', 'norms', 'in', 'different', 'networks', 'are', 'very', 'complicated', 'despite', 'the', 'fact', 'that', 'the', 'networks', 'are', 'linear', 'finally', 'the', 'influence', 'of', 'the', 'h_2', 'norm', 'of', 'the', 'locally', 'linearized', 'network', 'on', 'the', 'output', 'of', 'a', 'network', 'with', 'lure', 'nodes', 'is', 'discussed']]
[-0.14220338216056905, 0.16316682196908824, 0.037070786447178476, 0.03541302580620592, 0.010902827336011748, -0.1795144825091324, -0.006999185274093689, 0.3875938663803782, -0.3119634157101139, -0.2612890122098881, 0.0840818850440654, -0.30332218593650917, -0.13882304515488098, 0.12123229990479106, -0.021036570933266212, 0.028907423310678953, 0.07158616395552822, 0.12218684249976922, -0.05718997831875731, -0.27545438025130387, 0.3382452722824021, 0.06582495963407888, 0.2659539001726965, 0.0380371833442743, 0.06616803097854537, -0.049963416086444466, 0.02059738462714598, 0.0010505330712093335, -0.05912687772606181, 0.14189235606726583, 0.2000165548235483, 0.11976508306317597, 0.316821432277582, -0.43375677999915085, -0.18872432797066105, 0.16922633569791085, 0.14649795300864385, 0.061242997412820355, 0.03586530562541965, -0.23469845843583084, 0.09647089903158128, -0.14365982873180108, -0.10150554335038912, -0.010025243130369569, 0.05402784461934359, 0.06082410463002614, -0.30110747055613507, 0.06992297423904767, 0.03778198032080991, 0.013592602502641797, -0.02874905793663463, -0.12638602875668709, -0.08624105219326217, 0.09277017081696921, 0.06646382462570978, 0.08677940885400215, 0.13952157950050562, -0.12824745812965285, -0.033816044224284546, 0.36013575837190387, -0.05085395988662746, -0.2135712232506066, 0.17606700223472993, -0.12222529150414885, -0.11518319884460823, 0.14900400759162089, 0.12212796975948374, 0.1199205530676664, -0.06159554378143838, 0.09035686042591418, -0.07224047711739938, 0.19072904868040516, 0.03797721372895509, 0.08012393356725704, 0.08512348143590821, 0.16309873647279818, 0.16509199673473313, 0.13553147082801156, -0.07040654654101991, -0.10749131557599734, -0.23493649834516453, -0.12674688168206355, -0.22493194302337038, 0.057135732609598915, -0.15476993270116593, -0.1475829219837722, 0.37611496498623087, 0.041340189166258125, 0.2517823441313547, 0.09211637020963435, 0.2888438677665783, 0.12925820145211372, 0.0734560384513124, 0.1259403761737702, 0.2069659057122312, 0.14209886159399274, 0.06680318410236018, -0.24492043516890022, 0.07669439323366298, 0.0419938482952778]
706.2903
Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars, the Cosmic Microwave Background, and the Stellar IMF in the Early Universe
The characteristic mass of stars at early times may have been higher than today owing to the cosmic microwave background (CMB). This study proposes that (1) the testable predictions of this "CMB-IMF" hypothesis are an increase in the fraction of carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars with declining metallicity and an increase from younger to older populations at a single metallicity (e.g. disk to halo), and (2) these signatures are already seen in recent samples of CEMP stars and can be better tested with anticipated data. The expected spatial variation may explain discrepancies of CEMP frequency among published surveys. The ubiquity and time dependence of the CMB will substantially alter the reconstruction of star formation histories in the Local Group and early Universe.
astro-ph
the characteristic mass of stars at early times may have been higher than today owing to the cosmic microwave background cmb this study proposes that 1 the testable predictions of this cmbimf hypothesis are an increase in the fraction of carbonenhanced metalpoor cemp stars with declining metallicity and an increase from younger to older populations at a single metallicity eg disk to halo and 2 these signatures are already seen in recent samples of cemp stars and can be better tested with anticipated data the expected spatial variation may explain discrepancies of cemp frequency among published surveys the ubiquity and time dependence of the cmb will substantially alter the reconstruction of star formation histories in the local group and early universe
[['the', 'characteristic', 'mass', 'of', 'stars', 'at', 'early', 'times', 'may', 'have', 'been', 'higher', 'than', 'today', 'owing', 'to', 'the', 'cosmic', 'microwave', 'background', 'cmb', 'this', 'study', 'proposes', 'that', '1', 'the', 'testable', 'predictions', 'of', 'this', 'cmbimf', 'hypothesis', 'are', 'an', 'increase', 'in', 'the', 'fraction', 'of', 'carbonenhanced', 'metalpoor', 'cemp', 'stars', 'with', 'declining', 'metallicity', 'and', 'an', 'increase', 'from', 'younger', 'to', 'older', 'populations', 'at', 'a', 'single', 'metallicity', 'eg', 'disk', 'to', 'halo', 'and', '2', 'these', 'signatures', 'are', 'already', 'seen', 'in', 'recent', 'samples', 'of', 'cemp', 'stars', 'and', 'can', 'be', 'better', 'tested', 'with', 'anticipated', 'data', 'the', 'expected', 'spatial', 'variation', 'may', 'explain', 'discrepancies', 'of', 'cemp', 'frequency', 'among', 'published', 'surveys', 'the', 'ubiquity', 'and', 'time', 'dependence', 'of', 'the', 'cmb', 'will', 'substantially', 'alter', 'the', 'reconstruction', 'of', 'star', 'formation', 'histories', 'in', 'the', 'local', 'group', 'and', 'early', 'universe']]
[-0.04677758452792962, 0.16132280060774065, -0.08152604842713723, 0.12530199303873815, -0.10400757352666308, -0.02612139438667024, 0.039211499885035056, 0.3771965985186398, -0.1682215510867536, -0.39569349189599357, 0.018997858143605603, -0.30823405568565554, -0.012060805220001688, 0.19363221309225384, -0.09646558332412193, -0.05849014626146527, 0.06064573971477027, -0.04353879240807146, -0.04509564696539504, -0.3534847101099634, 0.2858921672217548, 0.13576969668501987, 0.20972065675693255, -0.04769975149150317, -0.013771433840156532, -0.1678000419672268, -0.10051325135088215, -0.014159437162258351, -0.1328680929905507, 0.03597622062661685, 0.27343680957953137, 0.1714558057328759, 0.2063771954465968, -0.40070891787763685, -0.23353349287838984, 0.1348076694974831, 0.24111977466806517, 0.09983790873472269, -0.10651515141362325, -0.24353832325044397, 0.08481417763978243, -0.1699789126869291, -0.1617753459130957, 0.047169704465583585, 0.04801030589345222, 0.03548473549017217, -0.230763295541207, 0.1701789617179505, 0.008180514816194773, 0.1095857569061991, -0.06810285672618192, -0.16501746428742384, -0.0399404522147961, 0.061978293183104445, 0.06726274667307734, 0.06850437014945783, 0.14881889029250792, -0.12810403819894417, -0.053674051047225176, 0.39122207181838653, -0.12838193530781913, 0.02210238979314454, 0.23890487032476812, -0.279540818122526, -0.18356885326017316, 0.0904605756807238, 0.16634662937528144, 0.08969004115594241, -0.15055919156002345, -0.0019093074976505402, 0.042515422023522355, 0.19322672991547735, 0.0786243156840404, 0.0781580702906164, 0.3512848313082941, 0.1445818431287383, 0.026213218048602962, 0.011073450846985603, -0.14464764109191794, -0.00986128901616515, -0.18777435364609119, -0.11106955638970248, -0.08695699654829998, 0.06710442431115855, -0.14909091041129915, -0.12069173470372334, 0.35375864890714487, 0.13851325374368267, 0.22188203128559206, 0.057050590874860065, 0.2958970935588392, 0.08445924851403105, 0.14459712572861463, 0.05796175176510587, 0.292662896697099, 0.157839352140824, 0.1118864787267133, -0.2528172936736761, 0.1632755743698605, -0.07191387265532588]
706.2904
Wide-Field Survey of Globular Clusters in M31. I. A Catalog of New Clusters
We present the result of a wide-field survey of globular clusters (GCs) in M31 covering a 3deg x 3deg field c. We have searched for GCs on CCD images taken with Washington CMT1 filters at the KPNO 0.9 m telescope using steps: (1) inspection of morphological parameters given by the SExtractor package such as stellarity, full maximum, and ellipticity; (2) consulting the spectral types and radial velocities obtained from spectra takena spectrograph at the WIYN 3.5 m telescope; and (3) visual inspection of the images of each object. We have and GC candidates, of which 605 are newly found GCs and GC candidates and 559 are previously known GCs. Amoects there are 113 genuine GCs, 258 probable GCs, and 234 possible GCs, according to our classification critee known objects there are 383 genuine GCs, 109 probable GCs, and 67 possible GCs. In total there are 496 genprobable GCs and 301 possible GCs. Most of these newly found GCs have T1 magnitudes of 17.5 - 19.5 mag, [17.9 < V < 19.9 mag assuming (C-T1) ~ 1.5], and (C-T1) colors in the range 1 - 2.
astro-ph
we present the result of a widefield survey of globular clusters gcs in m31 covering a 3deg x 3deg field c we have searched for gcs on ccd images taken with washington cmt1 filters at the kpno 09 m telescope using steps 1 inspection of morphological parameters given by the sextractor package such as stellarity full maximum and ellipticity 2 consulting the spectral types and radial velocities obtained from spectra takena spectrograph at the wiyn 35 m telescope and 3 visual inspection of the images of each object we have and gc candidates of which 605 are newly found gcs and gc candidates and 559 are previously known gcs amoects there are 113 genuine gcs 258 probable gcs and 234 possible gcs according to our classification critee known objects there are 383 genuine gcs 109 probable gcs and 67 possible gcs in total there are 496 genprobable gcs and 301 possible gcs most of these newly found gcs have t1 magnitudes of 175 195 mag 179 v 199 mag assuming ct1 15 and ct1 colors in the range 1 2
[['we', 'present', 'the', 'result', 'of', 'a', 'widefield', 'survey', 'of', 'globular', 'clusters', 'gcs', 'in', 'm31', 'covering', 'a', '3deg', 'x', '3deg', 'field', 'c', 'we', 'have', 'searched', 'for', 'gcs', 'on', 'ccd', 'images', 'taken', 'with', 'washington', 'cmt1', 'filters', 'at', 'the', 'kpno', '09', 'm', 'telescope', 'using', 'steps', '1', 'inspection', 'of', 'morphological', 'parameters', 'given', 'by', 'the', 'sextractor', 'package', 'such', 'as', 'stellarity', 'full', 'maximum', 'and', 'ellipticity', '2', 'consulting', 'the', 'spectral', 'types', 'and', 'radial', 'velocities', 'obtained', 'from', 'spectra', 'takena', 'spectrograph', 'at', 'the', 'wiyn', '35', 'm', 'telescope', 'and', '3', 'visual', 'inspection', 'of', 'the', 'images', 'of', 'each', 'object', 'we', 'have', 'and', 'gc', 'candidates', 'of', 'which', '605', 'are', 'newly', 'found', 'gcs', 'and', 'gc', 'candidates', 'and', '559', 'are', 'previously', 'known', 'gcs', 'amoects', 'there', 'are', '113', 'genuine', 'gcs', '258', 'probable', 'gcs', 'and', '234', 'possible', 'gcs', 'according', 'to', 'our', 'classification', 'critee', 'known', 'objects', 'there', 'are', '383', 'genuine', 'gcs', '109', 'probable', 'gcs', 'and', '67', 'possible', 'gcs', 'in', 'total', 'there', 'are', '496', 'genprobable', 'gcs', 'and', '301', 'possible', 'gcs', 'most', 'of', 'these', 'newly', 'found', 'gcs', 'have', 't1', 'magnitudes', 'of', '175', '195', 'mag', '179', 'v', '199', 'mag', 'assuming', 'ct1', '15', 'and', 'ct1', 'colors', 'in', 'the', 'range', '1', '2']]
[-0.03550459489758526, 0.07444074658676982, -0.07588124665298632, 0.09366277595516294, -0.08804176424896079, -0.08224374629557132, 0.08026136284827122, 0.4817406593476023, -0.08246700488097433, -0.47435078652841706, 0.027103943398355375, -0.36535421668951, -0.028151692140714397, 0.20136620862941657, -0.06743699126743845, -0.02156859221668648, 0.12993571621631939, -0.06322956471038717, -0.01982474186624001, -0.3582151422968933, 0.21862799308927996, -0.055880385065185174, 0.12313104298764041, -0.1287682414241135, 0.08737514807443533, -0.061173497529567356, -0.0995757751353085, -0.01385804256461727, -0.1779651248641312, 0.012946637402222093, 0.25457054301431137, 0.1575677086066987, 0.1941783625313214, -0.23866975852421352, -0.08562413568475417, 0.036735862770916096, 0.22021422656984735, -0.03151511129324457, -0.05742308132949152, -0.3331354381356921, 0.13428587267973593, -0.13865371770890697, -0.1702727630102475, 0.11207072660859142, 0.1588184760264786, 0.06115159071848861, -0.18431905313794103, 0.15408940519871456, -0.03834203468901771, 0.1850302049703896, -0.16127331711751008, -0.25982649422383736, -0.06720473446617169, 0.07626767893454858, -0.08672871155930417, 0.1170234737438815, 0.1200248184427619, -0.07845202545768448, -0.015464389772553528, 0.4023484170011112, -0.024837112670232142, 0.08225267266588551, 0.2096743242336171, -0.17834766732262713, -0.19256801180541516, 0.10135305436527622, 0.10630976874381304, 0.1137807291865881, -0.2462095711260502, 0.03525300161713468, -0.02492108343169093, 0.21898989987160478, 0.11015304700604507, 0.07388129975380642, 0.23502157299920717, 0.05186947083898953, 0.03603919539201472, 0.037477770469018394, -0.3414749764903848, 0.05378380702974807, -0.23531835760389055, -0.08990898485378629, -0.09778326294243535, 0.07906461113797766, -0.17876328907823855, -0.08122543799557856, 0.3299235233185547, 0.08742880378450667, 0.19451694873560751, 0.032658843414724935, 0.214057553889496, 0.03006450006738305, 0.17724394271283278, 0.14529088954574296, 0.29584104307528053, 0.16846833227468389, 0.07385920109759483, -0.15153446366761011, -0.021006126260118826, -0.053672661988862926]
706.2905
Entropy of Schwarzschild Black Holes on DGP Brane
We study the entropy of Schwarzschild black holes on DGP brane. The radius of event horizon on DGP brane is obtained by a numerical method. It is smaller than that of Einstein gravity in the conventional branch, and is larger in the accelerated branch. However, the difference is very small. The entropy of the black hole is calculated by using the improved brick-wall method.
gr-qc
we study the entropy of schwarzschild black holes on dgp brane the radius of event horizon on dgp brane is obtained by a numerical method it is smaller than that of einstein gravity in the conventional branch and is larger in the accelerated branch however the difference is very small the entropy of the black hole is calculated by using the improved brickwall method
[['we', 'study', 'the', 'entropy', 'of', 'schwarzschild', 'black', 'holes', 'on', 'dgp', 'brane', 'the', 'radius', 'of', 'event', 'horizon', 'on', 'dgp', 'brane', 'is', 'obtained', 'by', 'a', 'numerical', 'method', 'it', 'is', 'smaller', 'than', 'that', 'of', 'einstein', 'gravity', 'in', 'the', 'conventional', 'branch', 'and', 'is', 'larger', 'in', 'the', 'accelerated', 'branch', 'however', 'the', 'difference', 'is', 'very', 'small', 'the', 'entropy', 'of', 'the', 'black', 'hole', 'is', 'calculated', 'by', 'using', 'the', 'improved', 'brickwall', 'method']]
[-0.11064411127881613, 0.07966417744319187, -0.12031563901109621, 0.14706920144271862, -0.07154258049558848, -0.13280452883191174, -0.011973253342148382, 0.2857999972766265, -0.10508815385946946, -0.2896488759724889, 0.09708654028509045, -0.33072198956506327, -0.06919707494671457, 0.23504654222051613, -0.09286417208204512, 0.0012130780451116152, 0.03862801683135331, 0.07778055442031473, -0.1001266266212042, -0.2572951477013703, 0.3916984713287093, 0.12721808967762627, 0.2763701709918678, -0.01828305154776899, 0.10993194329785183, -0.06201796606910648, 0.037555723945843056, 0.11791939561953768, -0.165490116222486, 0.1076180071509043, 0.1306571545137558, 0.12751526226929855, 0.21211619197856635, -0.3886227746261284, -0.26155668959654577, 0.04249329667800339, 0.17424215788560105, 0.1797849350236902, -0.058579375694534974, -0.2582327194104437, 0.1278148216806585, -0.21751669864170253, -0.09829824279950117, 0.02798717815312557, 0.04737117828335613, -0.09355323674208194, -0.1662112768390216, 0.15589896869641962, 0.033258882802329026, -0.05989810259779915, -0.07101097096892772, -0.07886438816785812, -0.0764014589949511, 0.01937290700880112, 0.16300531003435026, 0.04357418580548256, 0.1577148237338406, -0.07422730754478835, -0.06429389800177887, 0.34823980421060696, -0.11926531679387153, -0.18445577437523752, 0.12623276514932513, -0.215758414065931, -0.011600738871493377, 0.11490585627325345, 0.09756852867576526, 0.2577788294875063, -0.12347948768001515, 0.16922947636248864, 0.037938700277663884, 0.15653976653629798, 0.11701788714708528, -0.005316180853697006, 0.32766892574727535, 0.19651332273497246, 0.04190710437251255, 0.1812952160835266, -0.09132464550930308, -0.13134077591530513, -0.31874306622194126, -0.14572400081306114, -0.24569754696130985, 0.03344365526572801, -0.2447365607147276, -0.18974491939297877, 0.3009941346826963, 0.1080633114615921, 0.16429874044843018, 0.019157461167196743, 0.2701031010831798, 0.11006419366458431, 0.07829077391943429, 0.10828287829644978, 0.3840699205175042, 0.07311073474556906, 0.12080704269101261, -0.30286592602715245, -0.06347951000498142, 0.17330620178836398]
706.2906
Capacity Scaling for MIMO Two-Way Relaying
A multiple input multiple output (MIMO) two-way relay channel is considered, where two sources want to exchange messages with each other using multiple relay nodes, and both the sources and relay nodes are equipped with multiple antennas. Both the sources are assumed to have equal number of antennas and have perfect channel state information (CSI) for all the channels of the MIMO two-way relay channel, whereas, each relay node is either assumed to have CSI for its transmit and receive channel (the coherent case) or no CSI for any of the channels (the non-coherent case). The main results in this paper are on the scaling behavior of the capacity region of the MIMO two-way relay channel with increasing number of relay nodes. In the coherent case, the capacity region of the MIMO two-way relay channel is shown to scale linearly with the number of antennas at source nodes and logarithmically with the number of relay nodes. In the non-coherent case, the capacity region is shown to scale linearly with the number of antennas at the source nodes and logarithmically with the signal to noise ratio.
cs.IT math.IT
a multiple input multiple output mimo twoway relay channel is considered where two sources want to exchange messages with each other using multiple relay nodes and both the sources and relay nodes are equipped with multiple antennas both the sources are assumed to have equal number of antennas and have perfect channel state information csi for all the channels of the mimo twoway relay channel whereas each relay node is either assumed to have csi for its transmit and receive channel the coherent case or no csi for any of the channels the noncoherent case the main results in this paper are on the scaling behavior of the capacity region of the mimo twoway relay channel with increasing number of relay nodes in the coherent case the capacity region of the mimo twoway relay channel is shown to scale linearly with the number of antennas at source nodes and logarithmically with the number of relay nodes in the noncoherent case the capacity region is shown to scale linearly with the number of antennas at the source nodes and logarithmically with the signal to noise ratio
[['a', 'multiple', 'input', 'multiple', 'output', 'mimo', 'twoway', 'relay', 'channel', 'is', 'considered', 'where', 'two', 'sources', 'want', 'to', 'exchange', 'messages', 'with', 'each', 'other', 'using', 'multiple', 'relay', 'nodes', 'and', 'both', 'the', 'sources', 'and', 'relay', 'nodes', 'are', 'equipped', 'with', 'multiple', 'antennas', 'both', 'the', 'sources', 'are', 'assumed', 'to', 'have', 'equal', 'number', 'of', 'antennas', 'and', 'have', 'perfect', 'channel', 'state', 'information', 'csi', 'for', 'all', 'the', 'channels', 'of', 'the', 'mimo', 'twoway', 'relay', 'channel', 'whereas', 'each', 'relay', 'node', 'is', 'either', 'assumed', 'to', 'have', 'csi', 'for', 'its', 'transmit', 'and', 'receive', 'channel', 'the', 'coherent', 'case', 'or', 'no', 'csi', 'for', 'any', 'of', 'the', 'channels', 'the', 'noncoherent', 'case', 'the', 'main', 'results', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'are', 'on', 'the', 'scaling', 'behavior', 'of', 'the', 'capacity', 'region', 'of', 'the', 'mimo', 'twoway', 'relay', 'channel', 'with', 'increasing', 'number', 'of', 'relay', 'nodes', 'in', 'the', 'coherent', 'case', 'the', 'capacity', 'region', 'of', 'the', 'mimo', 'twoway', 'relay', 'channel', 'is', 'shown', 'to', 'scale', 'linearly', 'with', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'antennas', 'at', 'source', 'nodes', 'and', 'logarithmically', 'with', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'relay', 'nodes', 'in', 'the', 'noncoherent', 'case', 'the', 'capacity', 'region', 'is', 'shown', 'to', 'scale', 'linearly', 'with', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'antennas', 'at', 'the', 'source', 'nodes', 'and', 'logarithmically', 'with', 'the', 'signal', 'to', 'noise', 'ratio']]
[-0.3224262644096303, 0.10191773939500186, 0.04620842997588821, -0.053382052325744285, -0.07611360721592163, -0.3281399502418935, 0.1302016566136248, 0.3807401448085501, -0.27389404298485936, -0.23989145849403498, 0.08076719733873836, -0.34248686304970366, -0.08906854507765054, 0.09680104749654797, -0.04816983216741072, 0.026291397248860447, 0.03067958067246788, 0.14234473754123256, 0.06132779336861662, -0.27049475765812236, 0.35698598349668287, 0.13837628074216882, 0.3641731760250656, -0.02703889817049777, 0.08475561728449287, 0.03241139866562711, -0.02404191887157189, -0.07184411724022514, -0.03943789893811619, -0.018391761183738708, 0.37696607374472896, 0.12567972445206063, 0.20426597340485533, -0.402819715631572, -0.2934222861520342, 0.11104257125659166, 0.17812187828004009, 0.09051390437258257, 0.011312422095294539, -0.25573331825435164, 0.1429166992522172, -0.23194120302041238, 0.023690866225877325, 0.15068902229839887, -0.10155133678502327, 0.0774597494875559, -0.3478818632687467, 0.0017935954286037266, -0.0368354855394746, 0.00574971485782314, -0.02048325389938278, -0.1591330957875864, -0.005317289321809202, 0.19455027084017323, 0.04285972847578091, -0.024376036053699618, 0.05017748232427481, -0.1311323300192787, -0.09574300474352541, 0.29309423738033386, 0.04750034339046357, -0.28760738837960603, 0.17767747642057066, -0.15673942645206243, -0.04239427494388577, 0.1924685031477664, 0.25357496822756287, 0.0549119544089646, -0.15286545107594213, 0.0016855375318964188, -0.00015027597043159845, 0.2200567912310362, 0.07873749334264446, 0.1934816781714609, 0.12955458042388027, 0.14473600921195906, 0.14384770646464784, 0.17872920650642718, -0.1965006678942528, -0.12332970795687288, -0.25585191562092185, -0.11141604741129119, -0.2616683624634469, 0.00022756791094670424, -0.1297737053741789, -0.050023066823849, 0.3074641727716536, 0.07652250294246384, 0.1296720983183666, 0.13143690128030405, 0.38905191611800644, 0.09888533489728296, 0.06362474953151635, 0.1938337978982442, 0.20979738464025227, 0.18675182575133403, 0.10502823836144966, -0.19695960341550006, 0.06814210850846122, -0.08510494600679423]
706.2907
Optimal quantum source coding with quantum information at the encoder and decoder
Consider many instances of an arbitrary quadripartite pure state of four quantum systems ABCD. Alice holds the AC part of each state, Bob holds B, while D represents all other parties correlated with ABC. Alice is required to redistribute the C systems to Bob while asymptotically preserving the overall purity. We prove that this is possible using Q qubits of communication and E ebits of shared entanglement between Alice and Bob, provided that Q geq I(C;D|B)/2 and Q+E geq H(C|B), proving the optimality of the Luo-Devetak outer bound. The optimal qubit rate provides the first known operational interpretation of quantum conditional mutual information. We also show how our protocol leads to a fully operational proof of strong subadditivity and uncover a general organizing principle, in analogy to thermodynamics, that underlies the optimal rates.
quant-ph
consider many instances of an arbitrary quadripartite pure state of four quantum systems abcd alice holds the ac part of each state bob holds b while d represents all other parties correlated with abc alice is required to redistribute the c systems to bob while asymptotically preserving the overall purity we prove that this is possible using q qubits of communication and e ebits of shared entanglement between alice and bob provided that q geq icdb2 and qe geq hcb proving the optimality of the luodevetak outer bound the optimal qubit rate provides the first known operational interpretation of quantum conditional mutual information we also show how our protocol leads to a fully operational proof of strong subadditivity and uncover a general organizing principle in analogy to thermodynamics that underlies the optimal rates
[['consider', 'many', 'instances', 'of', 'an', 'arbitrary', 'quadripartite', 'pure', 'state', 'of', 'four', 'quantum', 'systems', 'abcd', 'alice', 'holds', 'the', 'ac', 'part', 'of', 'each', 'state', 'bob', 'holds', 'b', 'while', 'd', 'represents', 'all', 'other', 'parties', 'correlated', 'with', 'abc', 'alice', 'is', 'required', 'to', 'redistribute', 'the', 'c', 'systems', 'to', 'bob', 'while', 'asymptotically', 'preserving', 'the', 'overall', 'purity', 'we', 'prove', 'that', 'this', 'is', 'possible', 'using', 'q', 'qubits', 'of', 'communication', 'and', 'e', 'ebits', 'of', 'shared', 'entanglement', 'between', 'alice', 'and', 'bob', 'provided', 'that', 'q', 'geq', 'icdb2', 'and', 'qe', 'geq', 'hcb', 'proving', 'the', 'optimality', 'of', 'the', 'luodevetak', 'outer', 'bound', 'the', 'optimal', 'qubit', 'rate', 'provides', 'the', 'first', 'known', 'operational', 'interpretation', 'of', 'quantum', 'conditional', 'mutual', 'information', 'we', 'also', 'show', 'how', 'our', 'protocol', 'leads', 'to', 'a', 'fully', 'operational', 'proof', 'of', 'strong', 'subadditivity', 'and', 'uncover', 'a', 'general', 'organizing', 'principle', 'in', 'analogy', 'to', 'thermodynamics', 'that', 'underlies', 'the', 'optimal', 'rates']]
[-0.19896204794494024, 0.14001858665686517, -0.08336854013010063, 0.059392850928698164, 0.010740071595539802, -0.3060524796725798, 0.09990745379664145, 0.3188565308299228, -0.26233602770895675, -0.27607398537051586, 0.008924008857188675, -0.29857284875003665, -0.06194116348286963, 0.16305197382751027, -0.09792287032411412, 0.09441257140222396, 0.05588223830306234, 0.06621538779613001, -0.038444173272133925, -0.2988960521423635, 0.2844563342972111, 0.026222967029058637, 0.2900543231339343, 0.041751289590908826, 0.13271235180165591, 0.07446423428175786, 0.021827955723150085, -0.028248791481574415, -0.12434266177658125, 0.1362464144258966, 0.2932145123828544, 0.19814581174993504, 0.25833175319979207, -0.38026171249429913, -0.140050592515902, 0.1473048567951422, 0.09255066034135245, 0.11787331330710808, -0.01323058407305818, -0.26459162602492586, 0.07466664091499081, -0.18747305710540502, -0.09651379416899343, -0.07079980031139295, 0.03172562800646397, -0.03099466396143788, -0.30484275773651043, 0.06685323714796731, 0.14286204791833995, 0.02427946716433263, -0.0032864751646167222, -0.07170776109733683, -0.030580585081315108, 0.18878910629405776, -0.03960966098456437, 0.020668249621717188, 0.10611696486212029, -0.08692192814654123, -0.16324937195367828, 0.29926438022845686, 0.0017437017753805595, -0.15773927014790304, 0.16645949598728815, -0.16224167938166448, -0.12132679378855547, 0.032896123421271795, 0.10229076410266962, 0.10547077937677275, -0.11460686540444388, 0.0892078502597785, -0.05688831800366539, 0.23315379154452529, 0.08488971892502585, 0.1454411368654465, 0.13758163033088824, 0.05652318285948789, 0.1338182321402159, 0.18545683409409058, -0.01357519923965269, -0.14525678353997318, -0.34100033039980715, -0.21933207421906592, -0.20600816503590158, 0.09525318104837743, -0.08528102696508895, -0.04981501292053411, 0.3014217332140578, 0.1365473642669803, 0.1545619360697349, 0.06156485691979414, 0.30557824142334117, 0.05945848991102646, -0.006707437475521175, 0.15550197708555533, 0.2344783141334605, 0.17795743041081738, 0.07292465015869047, -0.24167848231967623, 0.09421475163753365, 0.03955174607885931]
706.2908
The $p$-modular descent algebras
The concept of descent algebras over a field of characteristic zero is extended to define descent algebras over a field of prime characteristic. Some basic algebraic structure of the latter, including its radical and irreducible modules, is then determined. The decomposition matrix of the descent algebras of Coxeter group types $A$, $B$, and $D$ are calculated, and used to derive a description of the decomposition matrix of an arbitrary descent algebra. The Cartan matrix of a variety of descent algebras over a finite field is then obtained.
math.CO
the concept of descent algebras over a field of characteristic zero is extended to define descent algebras over a field of prime characteristic some basic algebraic structure of the latter including its radical and irreducible modules is then determined the decomposition matrix of the descent algebras of coxeter group types a b and d are calculated and used to derive a description of the decomposition matrix of an arbitrary descent algebra the cartan matrix of a variety of descent algebras over a finite field is then obtained
[['the', 'concept', 'of', 'descent', 'algebras', 'over', 'a', 'field', 'of', 'characteristic', 'zero', 'is', 'extended', 'to', 'define', 'descent', 'algebras', 'over', 'a', 'field', 'of', 'prime', 'characteristic', 'some', 'basic', 'algebraic', 'structure', 'of', 'the', 'latter', 'including', 'its', 'radical', 'and', 'irreducible', 'modules', 'is', 'then', 'determined', 'the', 'decomposition', 'matrix', 'of', 'the', 'descent', 'algebras', 'of', 'coxeter', 'group', 'types', 'a', 'b', 'and', 'd', 'are', 'calculated', 'and', 'used', 'to', 'derive', 'a', 'description', 'of', 'the', 'decomposition', 'matrix', 'of', 'an', 'arbitrary', 'descent', 'algebra', 'the', 'cartan', 'matrix', 'of', 'a', 'variety', 'of', 'descent', 'algebras', 'over', 'a', 'finite', 'field', 'is', 'then', 'obtained']]
[-0.17222993241772913, 0.05738229184272972, -0.14411228741037435, 0.03753156998414204, -0.0847668915815737, -0.15940428992476444, -0.07144449392183759, 0.3348928239710372, -0.42325829603473775, -0.18201640719312362, 0.1242347762802209, -0.16612698011442847, -0.13131295615036426, 0.1773527930570959, -0.09125365424986887, -0.07515999789673557, 0.04303051185547963, 0.15480162644352036, -0.17082381771941638, -0.27508388429575054, 0.3583847475398717, -0.0005425651418580406, 0.23075472785363338, -0.022759397150199305, 0.1873909635790463, 0.04798659233205106, -0.04513145365548887, 0.0516424835177845, -0.0859330915738882, 0.1549130153826213, 0.28475623455797805, 0.13887749644445962, 0.24231186085487663, -0.35217690601109947, -0.09106911399840624, 0.19016223462919393, 0.1772449192398324, 0.07277875045821573, -0.016023652510310727, -0.23625956519624625, 0.12169361666872583, -0.21818949245772828, -0.13172319781934394, -0.05990972399749076, 0.06886948186813201, 0.04040973984647071, -0.277687126238718, -0.038326111729203284, 0.047593128937028946, 0.19705048032190609, -0.09724453076233167, -0.16677253588300797, -0.018378848244767935, 0.05517438714039223, -0.03960993077509619, 0.014913367225263995, 0.16621998683067746, -0.08833389595985927, -0.13788241454689154, 0.3593162504056918, -0.04011204179333544, -0.18173640182384976, 0.11390978318435707, -0.1393154813886631, -0.10056224766711908, 0.13926911878602943, 0.11056459505089569, 0.13922611941401472, -0.0661491683166442, 0.1888211836654361, -0.11991101604533093, 0.011334615007535308, 0.03482589697807856, -0.0494018806380102, 0.09808995477298553, 0.08025522527937916, 0.0650005088048591, 0.11073755696629999, 0.010683554213965076, -0.04496384944917966, -0.3581220245138667, -0.2081613488235757, -0.1321364493248449, 0.11979671262590022, -0.15513661701781487, -0.21970790545402588, 0.4973105387226946, 0.07282605792941718, 0.1958008288009756, 0.09242570069993193, 0.20980964914959824, 0.08356480972691514, 0.14597397892610117, 0.01495231318169798, 0.09511267484985987, 0.38119315829170847, -0.00988665972327835, -0.20549009090032558, -0.021016828084214664, 0.2094465878353208]
706.2909
Extended-body effects in cosmological spacetimes
We study the dynamics of extended test bodies in flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker spacetimes. It is shown that such objects can usually alter their inertial mass, spin, and center-of-mass trajectory purely through the use of internal deformations. Many of these effects do not have Newtonian analogs, and exist despite the presence of conserved momenta associated with the translational and rotational symmetries of the background.
gr-qc
we study the dynamics of extended test bodies in flat friedmannrobertsonwalker spacetimes it is shown that such objects can usually alter their inertial mass spin and centerofmass trajectory purely through the use of internal deformations many of these effects do not have newtonian analogs and exist despite the presence of conserved momenta associated with the translational and rotational symmetries of the background
[['we', 'study', 'the', 'dynamics', 'of', 'extended', 'test', 'bodies', 'in', 'flat', 'friedmannrobertsonwalker', 'spacetimes', 'it', 'is', 'shown', 'that', 'such', 'objects', 'can', 'usually', 'alter', 'their', 'inertial', 'mass', 'spin', 'and', 'centerofmass', 'trajectory', 'purely', 'through', 'the', 'use', 'of', 'internal', 'deformations', 'many', 'of', 'these', 'effects', 'do', 'not', 'have', 'newtonian', 'analogs', 'and', 'exist', 'despite', 'the', 'presence', 'of', 'conserved', 'momenta', 'associated', 'with', 'the', 'translational', 'and', 'rotational', 'symmetries', 'of', 'the', 'background']]
[-0.1572139395922873, 0.19209423781402649, -0.09298194794645233, 0.07838361715755215, -0.07865877490070078, -0.07859507955670837, -0.09614756188896154, 0.37781128134097786, -0.22787252513151016, -0.30652403937194556, 0.06326142470014372, -0.2387646791795569, -0.11868760656685598, 0.1401656296333268, -0.07012769473987, 0.03608989928879084, 0.03972140730230979, 0.038470351837590455, -0.08437305086878158, -0.17032116604968905, 0.3378033128476912, 0.053410220230298656, 0.2465072388971044, -0.01550325182747216, 0.1421814239433696, -0.004559512214449745, -0.022200116940263297, 0.07638590335245093, -0.11079811988712472, 0.04170149774290621, 0.18436267295281492, 0.05703369113466432, 0.15601832095548632, -0.4472870189516294, -0.22702298615308059, 0.15016863072636508, 0.16458850038508255, 0.17560086125928548, -0.025931006267426476, -0.2979610032221723, 0.028073826233946508, -0.19488144493211182, -0.1956874815476758, -0.12698669645619848, 0.04827954901021815, 0.03052184481038562, -0.12646153432527377, 0.1586624525126911, 0.11243672935562508, 0.07381142985316054, -0.14232516539613566, -0.050607425705229324, -0.11862968935090448, 0.11428281259647902, 0.13881560268947074, -0.03728637877371042, 0.1835329086489735, -0.1307096563790354, -0.12368727974112957, 0.46342906548130897, -0.013569233924030297, -0.29664188749607534, 0.27489089538463424, -0.19191120476687268, -0.11843023172790004, 0.15317357767132983, 0.18522583009795315, 0.1357350078441443, -0.1466828754036537, 0.13458950078253815, 0.009133252195052562, 0.1252411947953665, 0.11255370193882094, 0.09356035271118726, 0.30235163921550395, 0.048590311990870584, 0.010536020778442522, 0.07081227066115506, -0.07937868136345529, -0.13622799890788062, -0.34757113240418896, -0.14558953599302069, -0.14396311850437232, 0.07612654069018918, -0.06213130175456172, -0.14874054110940402, 0.32335475766130034, 0.14836726076440931, 0.1723100705853393, 0.016700452261213816, 0.21864184447857102, 0.0513039969899241, 0.09406776223406796, 0.0903599979881678, 0.323101861995735, 0.11843763931744522, 0.07065086160606195, -0.27731060466800456, -0.018393352642775543, 0.012013593795634206]
706.291
Properties of the descent algebras of type $D$
We establish simple combinatorial descriptions of the radical and irreducible representations specifically for the descent algebra of a Coxeter group of type $D$ over any field.
math.CO
we establish simple combinatorial descriptions of the radical and irreducible representations specifically for the descent algebra of a coxeter group of type d over any field
[['we', 'establish', 'simple', 'combinatorial', 'descriptions', 'of', 'the', 'radical', 'and', 'irreducible', 'representations', 'specifically', 'for', 'the', 'descent', 'algebra', 'of', 'a', 'coxeter', 'group', 'of', 'type', 'd', 'over', 'any', 'field']]
[-0.16336956129481012, 0.03547199661485278, -0.1270442628659881, 0.017136336375887577, -0.133251156228093, -0.17793965602938372, 0.0010419188855359186, 0.35408288125808424, -0.39683236819333756, -0.1669863753307324, 0.07175055217857544, -0.18380532334916866, -0.15094692037942317, 0.1756897046445654, -0.121666994662239, -0.14096722730363792, 0.08415033897528282, 0.18232479569717094, -0.14543490241199974, -0.2584523160297137, 0.3893040964164986, -0.05782220276215902, 0.21678083909388918, -0.005312677365369522, 0.17861827176350814, 0.08619562991393301, -0.047551256317931875, -0.01851759238455158, -0.1279731093046184, 0.18279086236949438, 0.30094860426078623, 0.11637649919766073, 0.18255318184562314, -0.3913943119024715, -0.09610444217777023, 0.26685452565120965, 0.17120336232563624, 0.09821882768749045, -0.06422265536653307, -0.24853225983679295, 0.07929060427257074, -0.22459704615175724, -0.12007982369798881, -0.05408397696625728, 0.10713532400908522, 0.016510897853340093, -0.27520114856843764, -0.013792887294235138, 0.08770349132828414, 0.24313803113853702, -0.10335136001231149, -0.13026494124474433, 0.019808943481900945, 0.07549399325552468, -0.07705631830657904, 0.004291696653056603, 0.08279575719139896, -0.1439666127284559, -0.18000580489080256, 0.3910737782716751, 0.005703444700115002, -0.21572766839884794, 0.19661312858359173, -0.1429448863491416, -0.18859562700471053, 0.12054078073169176, 0.15307896784864938, 0.1256236073274452, -0.0357493506386303, 0.1861813511820331, -0.17495475537501848, 0.025408185637878396, 0.03492911636399535, -0.035838518578272596, 0.07917981678978182, 0.08332038266011156, 0.034711096149224505, 0.09366357742020717, 0.06730600045277522, 0.014543622184786588, -0.37499622642420805, -0.26572366889852744, -0.09880445860863592, 0.1247347891330719, -0.19493741162351888, -0.16229149992935932, 0.4887518260198144, 0.06232041844095175, 0.1475771464085063, 0.1630866304398156, 0.15944244254093903, 0.03898140444205357, 0.10889128445146176, 0.059952456038445234, 0.05660592349102864, 0.2675089060973663, -0.08392502427942908, -0.18578158630631292, -0.008838943510244671, 0.2846625091937872]
706.2911
Roles of the tensor and pairing correlations on the halo formation in 11Li
We study the roles of the tensor and pairing correlations on the halo formation in 11Li with an extended 9Li+n+n model. We first solve the ground state of 9Li in the shell model basis by taking 2p-2h states using the Gaussian functions with variational size parameters to take into account the tensor correlation fully. In 11Li, the tensor and pairing correlations in 9Li are Pauli-blocked by additional two neutrons, which work coherently to make the configurations containing the 0p1/2 state pushed up and close to those containing the 1s1/2 state. Hence, the pairing interaction works efficiently to mix the two configurations by equal amount and develop the halo structure in 11Li. For 10Li, the inversion phenomenon of s- and p-states is reproduced in the same framework. Our model furthermore explains the recently observed Coulomb breakup strength and charge radius for 11Li.
nucl-th
we study the roles of the tensor and pairing correlations on the halo formation in 11li with an extended 9linn model we first solve the ground state of 9li in the shell model basis by taking 2p2h states using the gaussian functions with variational size parameters to take into account the tensor correlation fully in 11li the tensor and pairing correlations in 9li are pauliblocked by additional two neutrons which work coherently to make the configurations containing the 0p12 state pushed up and close to those containing the 1s12 state hence the pairing interaction works efficiently to mix the two configurations by equal amount and develop the halo structure in 11li for 10li the inversion phenomenon of s and pstates is reproduced in the same framework our model furthermore explains the recently observed coulomb breakup strength and charge radius for 11li
[['we', 'study', 'the', 'roles', 'of', 'the', 'tensor', 'and', 'pairing', 'correlations', 'on', 'the', 'halo', 'formation', 'in', '11li', 'with', 'an', 'extended', '9linn', 'model', 'we', 'first', 'solve', 'the', 'ground', 'state', 'of', '9li', 'in', 'the', 'shell', 'model', 'basis', 'by', 'taking', '2p2h', 'states', 'using', 'the', 'gaussian', 'functions', 'with', 'variational', 'size', 'parameters', 'to', 'take', 'into', 'account', 'the', 'tensor', 'correlation', 'fully', 'in', '11li', 'the', 'tensor', 'and', 'pairing', 'correlations', 'in', '9li', 'are', 'pauliblocked', 'by', 'additional', 'two', 'neutrons', 'which', 'work', 'coherently', 'to', 'make', 'the', 'configurations', 'containing', 'the', '0p12', 'state', 'pushed', 'up', 'and', 'close', 'to', 'those', 'containing', 'the', '1s12', 'state', 'hence', 'the', 'pairing', 'interaction', 'works', 'efficiently', 'to', 'mix', 'the', 'two', 'configurations', 'by', 'equal', 'amount', 'and', 'develop', 'the', 'halo', 'structure', 'in', '11li', 'for', '10li', 'the', 'inversion', 'phenomenon', 'of', 's', 'and', 'pstates', 'is', 'reproduced', 'in', 'the', 'same', 'framework', 'our', 'model', 'furthermore', 'explains', 'the', 'recently', 'observed', 'coulomb', 'breakup', 'strength', 'and', 'charge', 'radius', 'for', '11li']]
[-0.0677285037668688, 0.1771139232351353, -0.06939750283490867, 0.12722817503464676, 0.01262029005696864, -0.08199258961581758, 0.010277794978381799, 0.35312257138346986, -0.23535411445357438, -0.30870506182046875, -0.051984636124689135, -0.28228531370571414, -0.060374190817986215, 0.08200804619617494, 0.10419835234060884, 0.0012799298274330795, 0.04297349321589406, 0.01923023487906903, -0.07517421489381897, -0.2053401711463396, 0.3740267224526698, 0.05305530595464266, 0.26409661461200035, 0.06194442404167993, 0.03263439848752958, 0.049673905087235785, 0.038986660300620965, -0.030618859348552567, -0.10033550825568714, 0.08942688901900381, 0.22312474447493774, 0.05365481217003045, 0.19512873644707723, -0.4639682396315038, -0.1900610809646813, 0.07681983493135444, 0.15002383510249534, 0.14208907141998808, -0.015775452039503892, -0.33942129983666486, 0.033265140246866005, -0.2528214857281585, -0.1399402076844126, -0.09170013695423092, 0.02995049709986363, 0.003467334359551647, -0.26008395741435897, 0.0767624863437959, 0.05094719641409548, -0.01931426875359778, -0.13873192981118337, -0.18501680101534085, -0.034333911214655795, 0.10596831086565674, 0.060839209887698024, 0.03258896443959591, 0.1199076589013982, -0.11859511179250798, -0.0521078343598804, 0.341443507592859, -0.02217863250989467, -0.1790655327631352, 0.12435029174334236, -0.13005069110076875, -0.09583447655064187, 0.13706346398851435, 0.13416859167960604, 0.07731747268366494, -0.1317749174249392, 0.06765877906249702, -0.0274759460864256, 0.19508811294300749, 0.04629433438946892, 0.01706552534763302, 0.20295946188936276, 0.14074799974582025, 0.017514959192236088, 0.15130753789895346, -0.13483300849163374, -0.15742379341141455, -0.2694511880432921, -0.10260986975377559, -0.1802694637478063, 0.0014047499080853804, -0.011281232405911267, -0.11196615368992623, 0.4143181097720766, 0.07657017592407231, 0.23551806310383006, -0.02948914592104432, 0.2805175775961418, 0.07712655216538614, 0.1006153528033922, 0.07074460050540178, 0.28271514179484386, 0.21340077949321962, 0.013946956555758203, -0.2769859689570564, 0.07324376129212656, 0.05033602028644444]
706.2912
Statistical testing procedure for the interaction effects of several controllable factors in two-valued input-output systems
Suppose several two-valued input-output systems are designed by setting the levels of several controllable factors. For this situation, Taguchi method has proposed to assign the controllable factors to the orthogonal array and use ANOVA model for the standardized SN ratio, which is a natural measure for evaluating the performance of each input-output system. Though this procedure is simple and useful in application indeed, the result can be unreliable when the estimated standard errors of the standardized SN ratios are unbalanced. In this paper, we treat the data arising from the full factorial or fractional factorial designs of several controllable factors as the frequencies of high-dimensional contingency tables, and propose a general testing procedure for the main effects or the interaction effects of the controllable factors.
stat.ME
suppose several twovalued inputoutput systems are designed by setting the levels of several controllable factors for this situation taguchi method has proposed to assign the controllable factors to the orthogonal array and use anova model for the standardized sn ratio which is a natural measure for evaluating the performance of each inputoutput system though this procedure is simple and useful in application indeed the result can be unreliable when the estimated standard errors of the standardized sn ratios are unbalanced in this paper we treat the data arising from the full factorial or fractional factorial designs of several controllable factors as the frequencies of highdimensional contingency tables and propose a general testing procedure for the main effects or the interaction effects of the controllable factors
[['suppose', 'several', 'twovalued', 'inputoutput', 'systems', 'are', 'designed', 'by', 'setting', 'the', 'levels', 'of', 'several', 'controllable', 'factors', 'for', 'this', 'situation', 'taguchi', 'method', 'has', 'proposed', 'to', 'assign', 'the', 'controllable', 'factors', 'to', 'the', 'orthogonal', 'array', 'and', 'use', 'anova', 'model', 'for', 'the', 'standardized', 'sn', 'ratio', 'which', 'is', 'a', 'natural', 'measure', 'for', 'evaluating', 'the', 'performance', 'of', 'each', 'inputoutput', 'system', 'though', 'this', 'procedure', 'is', 'simple', 'and', 'useful', 'in', 'application', 'indeed', 'the', 'result', 'can', 'be', 'unreliable', 'when', 'the', 'estimated', 'standard', 'errors', 'of', 'the', 'standardized', 'sn', 'ratios', 'are', 'unbalanced', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'treat', 'the', 'data', 'arising', 'from', 'the', 'full', 'factorial', 'or', 'fractional', 'factorial', 'designs', 'of', 'several', 'controllable', 'factors', 'as', 'the', 'frequencies', 'of', 'highdimensional', 'contingency', 'tables', 'and', 'propose', 'a', 'general', 'testing', 'procedure', 'for', 'the', 'main', 'effects', 'or', 'the', 'interaction', 'effects', 'of', 'the', 'controllable', 'factors']]
[-0.09026014621555806, 0.08062238991260529, -0.030730117410421372, 0.10470380717050284, -0.04459782576560974, -0.16047621736675502, 0.06859527622256428, 0.38514073112607, -0.2629012668356299, -0.2729899443114409, 0.12260455559380352, -0.23542588708922266, -0.15810538147389888, 0.22882428729720414, -0.08131799656897783, 0.08299522446468473, 0.07262982172518968, 0.0023568458165973425, -0.07510971791297197, -0.2422620199918747, 0.3260658922344446, 0.04636103528086096, 0.315462521225214, -0.018209277719259263, 0.10161891612876206, -0.009558198096230626, -0.029468389842659235, 0.03170174182206392, -0.07639050270151347, 0.15072261761873962, 0.27748532316135244, 0.14293407871760427, 0.2745444989486714, -0.3864410499930382, -0.17425115796737373, 0.12910428274422883, 0.09410855696350336, 0.1166366597590968, 0.0009867921471595764, -0.26027683046460154, 0.07207695412589236, -0.19580570985376836, -0.10943495173379779, -0.08708576592593453, -0.004480620563030243, 0.03815092250704765, -0.343581209294498, 0.05357841455191374, 0.06381590363709257, 0.06814510271325708, 0.006481002874672413, -0.1441080258898437, 0.05502049384079873, 0.1567041819237638, 0.029517953650094568, -0.03389275570958853, 0.10384348556399345, -0.07656607170589268, -0.12063416620157659, 0.40717765712738035, -0.01925687808729708, -0.2375163711681962, 0.14261933143436908, -0.11048199591413141, -0.1266513844355941, 0.08195044819265604, 0.21206143141537906, 0.06424812940508128, -0.18071677549055312, 0.04455298877740279, -0.009499277887865901, 0.1486493688672781, 0.042153165057301524, 0.028841354771051556, 0.15316566578857602, 0.15266591287590564, 0.02195763120101765, 0.16448016543593258, -0.08654547186102718, -0.03803430677764118, -0.28873587511479853, -0.14332541603595017, -0.16736973167117686, 0.021728034948930143, -0.12526977765618358, -0.16871128165721894, 0.391571547344327, 0.14360539492219687, 0.1858108035251498, 0.03969096405711025, 0.33065161684155464, 0.13760200376715512, 0.06782366726640612, 0.0210686426833272, 0.18557802782207727, 0.10573522142879666, 0.044043065559118987, -0.19042485959269106, 0.1078078489229083, -0.001201942890882492]
706.2913
Observation of strong electron dephasing in disordered Cu$_{93}$Ge$_4$Au$_3$ thin films
We report the observation of strong electron dephasing in a series of disordered Cu$_{93}$Ge$_4$Au$_3$ thin films. A very short electron dephasing time possessing very weak temperature dependence around 6 K, followed by an upturn with further decrease in temperature below 4 K, is found. The upturn is progressively more pronounced in more disordered samples. Moreover, a ln$T$ dependent, but high-magnetic-field-insensitive, resistance rise persisting from above 10 K down to 30 mK is observed in the films. These results suggest a nonmagnetic dephasing process which is stronger than any known mechanism and may originate from the coupling of conduction electrons to dynamic defects.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we report the observation of strong electron dephasing in a series of disordered cu_93ge_4au_3 thin films a very short electron dephasing time possessing very weak temperature dependence around 6 k followed by an upturn with further decrease in temperature below 4 k is found the upturn is progressively more pronounced in more disordered samples moreover a lnt dependent but highmagneticfieldinsensitive resistance rise persisting from above 10 k down to 30 mk is observed in the films these results suggest a nonmagnetic dephasing process which is stronger than any known mechanism and may originate from the coupling of conduction electrons to dynamic defects
[['we', 'report', 'the', 'observation', 'of', 'strong', 'electron', 'dephasing', 'in', 'a', 'series', 'of', 'disordered', 'cu_93ge_4au_3', 'thin', 'films', 'a', 'very', 'short', 'electron', 'dephasing', 'time', 'possessing', 'very', 'weak', 'temperature', 'dependence', 'around', '6', 'k', 'followed', 'by', 'an', 'upturn', 'with', 'further', 'decrease', 'in', 'temperature', 'below', '4', 'k', 'is', 'found', 'the', 'upturn', 'is', 'progressively', 'more', 'pronounced', 'in', 'more', 'disordered', 'samples', 'moreover', 'a', 'lnt', 'dependent', 'but', 'highmagneticfieldinsensitive', 'resistance', 'rise', 'persisting', 'from', 'above', '10', 'k', 'down', 'to', '30', 'mk', 'is', 'observed', 'in', 'the', 'films', 'these', 'results', 'suggest', 'a', 'nonmagnetic', 'dephasing', 'process', 'which', 'is', 'stronger', 'than', 'any', 'known', 'mechanism', 'and', 'may', 'originate', 'from', 'the', 'coupling', 'of', 'conduction', 'electrons', 'to', 'dynamic', 'defects']]
[-0.14259420269168913, 0.28264158339370626, -0.0451055384799838, 0.045837743913962184, -0.022704646491911264, -0.1983998139295727, 0.09570191347040236, 0.39671416256576775, -0.2442319789621979, -0.3377489943895489, 0.01401596595067531, -0.3433309259591624, -0.06792495111003519, 0.21132249204674736, 0.03156989372335375, -0.05844748191535473, -0.0471604807395488, -0.026244676876813172, -0.11344779779203236, -0.21212666357634588, 0.22681153949233704, 0.06392569845542312, 0.2754328272433486, 0.10995342676527799, 0.007849801974371075, -0.048920391127467155, 0.07636077035916969, 0.037264010664075614, -0.09859782573199481, -0.032928388891741635, 0.255367317777127, -0.10750607293681241, 0.24035768849775196, -0.43652153788134457, -0.21838544502854348, 0.00951555356499739, 0.14884562395513057, 0.1343820287694689, -0.0671792143365019, -0.22413522616960108, 0.0791517600294901, -0.08725723294075578, -0.11148733559413813, -0.03527073117438704, 0.049659098187694324, -0.07074466520454735, -0.2577497819514247, 0.17317885028664023, 0.15232826206367464, 0.10918916711583733, -0.06898436603369192, -0.11524186090100556, -0.03579527013469488, 0.008619241364649498, 0.07771775706642074, 0.09174428869970143, 0.20144104064907878, -0.1002999059902504, -0.05802181825041771, 0.31117259110324086, -0.10694568116174195, 0.017835365114733576, 0.2094174860045314, -0.22998880837578325, -0.06155761640518904, 0.28622308805584906, 0.09997149441158398, 0.12891069852747022, -0.1526955886906944, 0.019145772810443305, 0.004797676936723292, 0.23057690723799168, 0.06937428967095911, 0.07330910329241305, 0.21075069082900882, 0.2098373763076961, 0.06073830451816321, 0.15769485084572807, -0.12883575807791203, 0.0006536611076444388, -0.22229301336337812, -0.09785984302230645, -0.16550663192756473, 0.16526057808194308, -0.09954481273874989, -0.1532130125304684, 0.3493703175941482, 0.15068480199784973, 0.25026252292067513, 0.018169753103284166, 0.19884707311168312, 0.11807537481188773, 0.08895074913278223, 0.08450468197464943, 0.21642013563774526, 0.17921800745883956, 0.1351342161350476, -0.23402742183767258, 0.10340793705079704, -0.09204887547821272]