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706.2614
Dust crystallinity in protoplanetary disks: the effect of diffusion/viscosity ratio
The process of turbulent radial mixing in protoplanetary disks has strong relevance to the analysis of the spatial distribution of crystalline dust species in disks around young stars and to studies of the composition of meteorites and comets in our own solar system. A debate has gone on in the recent literature on the ratio of the effective viscosity coefficient $\nu$ (responsible for accretion) to the turbulent diffusion coefficient $D$ (responsible for mixing). Numerical magneto-hydrodynamic simulations have yielded values between $\nu/D\simeq 10$ (Carballido, Stone & Pringle, 2005) and $\nu/D\simeq 0.85$ (Johansen & Klahr, 2005}). Here we present two analytic arguments for the ratio $\nu/D=1/3$ which are based on elegant, though strongly simplified assumptions. We argue that whichever of these numbers comes closest to reality may be determined {\em observationally} by using spatially resolved mid-infrared measurements of protoplanetary disks around Herbig stars. If meridional flows are present in the disk, then we expect less abundance of crystalline dust in the surface layers, a prediction which can likewise be observationally tested with mid-infrared interferometers.
astro-ph
the process of turbulent radial mixing in protoplanetary disks has strong relevance to the analysis of the spatial distribution of crystalline dust species in disks around young stars and to studies of the composition of meteorites and comets in our own solar system a debate has gone on in the recent literature on the ratio of the effective viscosity coefficient nu responsible for accretion to the turbulent diffusion coefficient d responsible for mixing numerical magnetohydrodynamic simulations have yielded values between nudsimeq 10 carballido stone pringle 2005 and nudsimeq 085 johansen klahr 2005 here we present two analytic arguments for the ratio nud13 which are based on elegant though strongly simplified assumptions we argue that whichever of these numbers comes closest to reality may be determined em observationally by using spatially resolved midinfrared measurements of protoplanetary disks around herbig stars if meridional flows are present in the disk then we expect less abundance of crystalline dust in the surface layers a prediction which can likewise be observationally tested with midinfrared interferometers
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706.2615
Constraining scalar-tensor quintessence by cosmic clocks
Scalar-tensor quintessence models can be constrained by identifying suitable cosmic clocks which allow to select confidence regions for cosmological parameters. In particular, we constrain the characterizing parameters of non-minimally coupled scalar-tensor cosmological models which admit exact solutions of the Einstein field equations. Lookback time to galaxy clusters at low intermediate, and high redshifts is considered. The high redshift time-scale problem is also discussed in order to select other cosmic clocks such as quasars.
astro-ph gr-qc
scalartensor quintessence models can be constrained by identifying suitable cosmic clocks which allow to select confidence regions for cosmological parameters in particular we constrain the characterizing parameters of nonminimally coupled scalartensor cosmological models which admit exact solutions of the einstein field equations lookback time to galaxy clusters at low intermediate and high redshifts is considered the high redshift timescale problem is also discussed in order to select other cosmic clocks such as quasars
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706.2616
The gravitational energy for stationary space-time
It is prove, that the gravity field energy formulas obtained for static systems on the ground of local energy conservation law by test-particles fall, is suitable for stationary systems.
gr-qc
it is prove that the gravity field energy formulas obtained for static systems on the ground of local energy conservation law by testparticles fall is suitable for stationary systems
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706.2617
On the relation between states and maps in infinite dimensions
Relations between states and maps, which are known for quantum systems in finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces, are formulated rigorously in geometrical terms with no use of coordinate (matrix) interpretation. In a tensor product realization they are represented simply by a permutation of factors. This leads to natural generalizations for infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces and a simple proof of a generalized Choi Theorem. The natural framework is based on spaces of Hilbert-Schmidt operators $\mathcal{L}_2(\mathcal{H}_2,\mathcal{H}_1)$ and the corresponding tensor products $\mathcal{H}_1\otimes\mathcal{H}_2^*$ of Hilbert spaces. It is proved that the corresponding isomorphisms cannot be naturally extended to compact (or bounded) operators, nor reduced to the trace-class operators. On the other hand, it is proven that there is a natural continuous map $\mathcal{C}:\mathcal{L}_1(\mathcal{L}_2(\mathcal{H}_2,\mathcal{H}_1))\to \mathcal{L}_\infty(\mathcal{L}(\mathcal{H}_2),\mathcal{L}_1(\mathcal{H}_1))$ from trace-class operators on $\mathcal{L}_2(\mathcal{H}_2,\mathcal{H}_1)$ (with the nuclear norm) into compact operators mapping the space of all bounded operators on $\mathcal{H}_2$ into trace class operators on $\mathcal{H}_1$ (with the operator-norm). Also in the infinite-dimensional context, the Schmidt measure of entanglement and multipartite generalizations of state-maps relations are considered in the paper.
math-ph math.MP
relations between states and maps which are known for quantum systems in finitedimensional hilbert spaces are formulated rigorously in geometrical terms with no use of coordinate matrix interpretation in a tensor product realization they are represented simply by a permutation of factors this leads to natural generalizations for infinitedimensional hilbert spaces and a simple proof of a generalized choi theorem the natural framework is based on spaces of hilbertschmidt operators mathcall_2mathcalh_2mathcalh_1 and the corresponding tensor products mathcalh_1otimesmathcalh_2 of hilbert spaces it is proved that the corresponding isomorphisms cannot be naturally extended to compact or bounded operators nor reduced to the traceclass operators on the other hand it is proven that there is a natural continuous map mathcalcmathcall_1mathcall_2mathcalh_2mathcalh_1to mathcall_inftymathcallmathcalh_2mathcall_1mathcalh_1 from traceclass operators on mathcall_2mathcalh_2mathcalh_1 with the nuclear norm into compact operators mapping the space of all bounded operators on mathcalh_2 into trace class operators on mathcalh_1 with the operatornorm also in the infinitedimensional context the schmidt measure of entanglement and multipartite generalizations of statemaps relations are considered in the paper
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706.2618
Mott-Hubbard Transition and Anderson Localization: Generalized Dynamical Mean-Field Theory Approach
Density of states, dynamic (optical) conductivity and phase diagram of strongly correlated and strongly disordered paramagnetic Anderson-Hubbard model are analyzed within the generalized dynamical mean field theory (DMFT+\Sigma approximation). Strong correlations are accounted by DMFT, while disorder is taken into account via the appropriate generalization of self-consistent theory of localization. The DMFT effective single impurity problem is solved by numerical renormalization group (NRG) and we consider the three-dimensional system with semi-elliptic density of states. Correlated metal, Mott insulator and correlated Anderson insulator phases are identified via the evolution of density of states and dynamic conductivity, demonstrating both Mott-Hubbard and Anderson metal-insulator transition and allowing the construction of complete zero-temperature phase diagram of Anderson-Hubbard model. Rather unusual is the possibility of disorder induced Mott insulator to metal transition.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.dis-nn
density of states dynamic optical conductivity and phase diagram of strongly correlated and strongly disordered paramagnetic andersonhubbard model are analyzed within the generalized dynamical mean field theory dmftsigma approximation strong correlations are accounted by dmft while disorder is taken into account via the appropriate generalization of selfconsistent theory of localization the dmft effective single impurity problem is solved by numerical renormalization group nrg and we consider the threedimensional system with semielliptic density of states correlated metal mott insulator and correlated anderson insulator phases are identified via the evolution of density of states and dynamic conductivity demonstrating both motthubbard and anderson metalinsulator transition and allowing the construction of complete zerotemperature phase diagram of andersonhubbard model rather unusual is the possibility of disorder induced mott insulator to metal transition
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706.2619
Algorithms for Omega-Regular Games with Imperfect Information
We study observation-based strategies for two-player turn-based games on graphs with omega-regular objectives. An observation-based strategy relies on imperfect information about the history of a play, namely, on the past sequence of observations. Such games occur in the synthesis of a controller that does not see the private state of the plant. Our main results are twofold. First, we give a fixed-point algorithm for computing the set of states from which a player can win with a deterministic observation-based strategy for any omega-regular objective. The fixed point is computed in the lattice of antichains of state sets. This algorithm has the advantages of being directed by the objective and of avoiding an explicit subset construction on the game graph. Second, we give an algorithm for computing the set of states from which a player can win with probability 1 with a randomized observation-based strategy for a Buechi objective. This set is of interest because in the absence of perfect information, randomized strategies are more powerful than deterministic ones. We show that our algorithms are optimal by proving matching lower bounds.
cs.LO cs.GT
we study observationbased strategies for twoplayer turnbased games on graphs with omegaregular objectives an observationbased strategy relies on imperfect information about the history of a play namely on the past sequence of observations such games occur in the synthesis of a controller that does not see the private state of the plant our main results are twofold first we give a fixedpoint algorithm for computing the set of states from which a player can win with a deterministic observationbased strategy for any omegaregular objective the fixed point is computed in the lattice of antichains of state sets this algorithm has the advantages of being directed by the objective and of avoiding an explicit subset construction on the game graph second we give an algorithm for computing the set of states from which a player can win with probability 1 with a randomized observationbased strategy for a buechi objective this set is of interest because in the absence of perfect information randomized strategies are more powerful than deterministic ones we show that our algorithms are optimal by proving matching lower bounds
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706.262
Rhodium Mossbauer Supperadiance Induced by Liquid-Nitrogen Cooling
In the previous report, we have demonstrated cascade branching channels of the multipolar E3 transition of rhodium Mossbauer gamma via the time- and energy-resolved spectroscopy. Moreover, superradiance in the Borrmann channel from inverted nuclei gives gamma entanglement. In this letter, we report further four observations of superradiance and its associated gamma entanglement at the liquid-nitrogen temperature, i.e. (i) speed-up decay, (ii) immediate recovery of the speed-up decay after quenching, (iii) simultaneous suppression of gamma and K lines, and (iv) enhanced multiple ionizations. Anisotropic superradiant channels open by quenching and recover back immediately after quenching. Enhanced K satellites and K hypersatellites induced by cooling are attributed to the inelastic scattering of more than three entangled gammas.
quant-ph physics.atom-ph
in the previous report we have demonstrated cascade branching channels of the multipolar e3 transition of rhodium mossbauer gamma via the time and energyresolved spectroscopy moreover superradiance in the borrmann channel from inverted nuclei gives gamma entanglement in this letter we report further four observations of superradiance and its associated gamma entanglement at the liquidnitrogen temperature ie i speedup decay ii immediate recovery of the speedup decay after quenching iii simultaneous suppression of gamma and k lines and iv enhanced multiple ionizations anisotropic superradiant channels open by quenching and recover back immediately after quenching enhanced k satellites and k hypersatellites induced by cooling are attributed to the inelastic scattering of more than three entangled gammas
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706.2621
Some physical displays of the space anisotropy relevant to the feasibility of its being detected at a laboratory
The impact of local space anisotropy on the transverse Doppler effect is examined. Two types of laboratory experiments aimed at seeking and measuring the local space anisotropy are proposed. In terms of the conventional special relativity theory, which treats 3D space to be locally isotropic, the experiments are of the type of ``null-experiments''. In the first-type experiments, a feasible Doppler shift of frequency is measured by the M\"ossbauer effect, with the M\"ossbauer source and absorber being located at two identical and diametrically opposed distances from the center of a rapidly rotating rotor, while the $\gamma$-quanta are recorded by two stationary and oppositely positioned proportional counters. Either of the counters records only those $\gamma$-quanta that passed through the absorber at the moment of the passage of the latter near a counter. The second-type experiments are made using the latest radio physics techniques for generating monochromatic oscillations and for recording weak signals. The effect expected due to space anisotropy consists in frequency modulation of the harmonic oscillations coming to a receiver that rotates at a constant velocity around the monochromatic wave emitter. In this case the modulation depth proves to be proportional to the space anisotropy magnitude.
gr-qc
the impact of local space anisotropy on the transverse doppler effect is examined two types of laboratory experiments aimed at seeking and measuring the local space anisotropy are proposed in terms of the conventional special relativity theory which treats 3d space to be locally isotropic the experiments are of the type of nullexperiments in the firsttype experiments a feasible doppler shift of frequency is measured by the mossbauer effect with the mossbauer source and absorber being located at two identical and diametrically opposed distances from the center of a rapidly rotating rotor while the gammaquanta are recorded by two stationary and oppositely positioned proportional counters either of the counters records only those gammaquanta that passed through the absorber at the moment of the passage of the latter near a counter the secondtype experiments are made using the latest radio physics techniques for generating monochromatic oscillations and for recording weak signals the effect expected due to space anisotropy consists in frequency modulation of the harmonic oscillations coming to a receiver that rotates at a constant velocity around the monochromatic wave emitter in this case the modulation depth proves to be proportional to the space anisotropy magnitude
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706.2622
Structure Through Colour: A Pixel Approach Towards Understanding Galaxies
We present a study of pixel Colour Magnitude Diagrams (pCMDs) for a sample of 69 nearby galaxies chosen to span a wide range of Hubble types. Our goal is to determine how useful a pixel approach is for studying galaxies according to their stellar light distributions and content. The galaxy images were analysed on a pixel-by-pixel basis to reveal the structure of the individual pCMDs. We find that the average surface brightness (or projected mass density) in each pixel varies according to galaxy type. Early-type galaxies exihibit a clear ``prime sequence'' and some pCMDs of face-on spirals reveal ``inverse-L'' structures. We find that the colour dispersion at a given magnitude is found to be approximately constant in early-type galaxies but this quantity varies in the mid and late-types. We investigate individual galaxies and find that the pCMDs can be used to pick out morphological features. We discuss the discovery of ``Red Hooks'' in the pCMDs of six early-type galaxies and two spirals and postulate their origins. We develop quantitative methods to characterise the pCMDs, including measures of the blue-to-red light ratio and colour distributions of each galaxy and we organise these by morphological type. We compare the colours of the pixels in each galaxy with the stellar population models of Bruzual & Charlot (2003) to calculate star formation histories for each galaxy type and compare these to the stellar mass within each pixel. Maps of pixel stellar mass and mass-to-light ratio are compared to galaxy images. We apply the pCMD technique to three galaxies in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field to test the usefulness of the analysis at high redshift. We propose that these results can be used as part of a new system of automated classification of galaxies that can be applied at high redshift.
astro-ph
we present a study of pixel colour magnitude diagrams pcmds for a sample of 69 nearby galaxies chosen to span a wide range of hubble types our goal is to determine how useful a pixel approach is for studying galaxies according to their stellar light distributions and content the galaxy images were analysed on a pixelbypixel basis to reveal the structure of the individual pcmds we find that the average surface brightness or projected mass density in each pixel varies according to galaxy type earlytype galaxies exihibit a clear prime sequence and some pcmds of faceon spirals reveal inversel structures we find that the colour dispersion at a given magnitude is found to be approximately constant in earlytype galaxies but this quantity varies in the mid and latetypes we investigate individual galaxies and find that the pcmds can be used to pick out morphological features we discuss the discovery of red hooks in the pcmds of six earlytype galaxies and two spirals and postulate their origins we develop quantitative methods to characterise the pcmds including measures of the bluetored light ratio and colour distributions of each galaxy and we organise these by morphological type we compare the colours of the pixels in each galaxy with the stellar population models of bruzual charlot 2003 to calculate star formation histories for each galaxy type and compare these to the stellar mass within each pixel maps of pixel stellar mass and masstolight ratio are compared to galaxy images we apply the pcmd technique to three galaxies in the hubble ultra deep field to test the usefulness of the analysis at high redshift we propose that these results can be used as part of a new system of automated classification of galaxies that can be applied at high redshift
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706.2623
Quantum Dyanmics of Loop Quantum Gravity
In the last 20 years, loop quantum gravity, a background independent approach to unify general relativity and quantum mechanics, has been widely investigated. The aim of loop quantum gravity is to construct a mathematically rigorous, background independent, nonperturbative quantum theory for the Lorentzian gravitational field on a four-dimensional manifold. In this approach, the principles of quantum mechanics are combined with those of general relativity naturally. Such a combination provides us a picture of "quantum Riemannian geometry", which is discrete at a fundamental scale. In the investigation of quantum dynamics, the classical expressions of constraints are quantized as operators. The quantum evolution is contained in the solutions of the quantum constraint equations. On the other hand, the semi-classical analysis has to be carried out in order to test the semiclassical limit of the quantum dynamics. In this thesis, the structure of the dynamical theory in loop quantum gravity is presented pedagogically. The outline is as follows: first we review the classical formalism of general relativity as a dynamical theory of connections. Then the kinematical Ashtekar-Isham-Lewandowski representation is introduced as a foundation of loop quantum gravity. We discuss the construction of a Hamiltonian constraint operator and the master constraint programme, for both the cases of pure gravity and matter field coupling. Finally, some strategies are discussed concerning testing the semiclassical limit of the quantum dynamics.
gr-qc hep-th math-ph math.MP
in the last 20 years loop quantum gravity a background independent approach to unify general relativity and quantum mechanics has been widely investigated the aim of loop quantum gravity is to construct a mathematically rigorous background independent nonperturbative quantum theory for the lorentzian gravitational field on a fourdimensional manifold in this approach the principles of quantum mechanics are combined with those of general relativity naturally such a combination provides us a picture of quantum riemannian geometry which is discrete at a fundamental scale in the investigation of quantum dynamics the classical expressions of constraints are quantized as operators the quantum evolution is contained in the solutions of the quantum constraint equations on the other hand the semiclassical analysis has to be carried out in order to test the semiclassical limit of the quantum dynamics in this thesis the structure of the dynamical theory in loop quantum gravity is presented pedagogically the outline is as follows first we review the classical formalism of general relativity as a dynamical theory of connections then the kinematical ashtekarishamlewandowski representation is introduced as a foundation of loop quantum gravity we discuss the construction of a hamiltonian constraint operator and the master constraint programme for both the cases of pure gravity and matter field coupling finally some strategies are discussed concerning testing the semiclassical limit of the quantum dynamics
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706.2624
Demonstrating the negligible contribution of optical ACS/HST galaxies to source-subtracted cosmic infrared background fluctuations in deep IRAC/Spitzer images
We study the possible contribution of optical galaxies detected with the {\it Hubble} ACS instrument to the near-IR cosmic infrared (CIB) fluctuations in deep {\it Spitzer} images. The {\it Spitzer} data used in this analysis are obtained in the course of the GOODS project from which we select four independent $10^\prime\times10^\prime$ regions observed at both 3.6 and 4.5 \um. ACS source catalogs for all of these areas are used to construct maps containing only their emissions in the ACS $B, V, i, z$-bands. We find that deep Spitzer data exhibit CIB fluctuations remaining after removal of foreground galaxies of a very different clustering pattern at both 3.6 and 4.5 \um than the ACS galaxies could contribute. We also find that there are very good correlations between the ACS galaxies and the {\it removed} galaxies in the Spitzer maps, but practically no correlations remain with the residual Spitzer maps used to identify the CIB fluctuations. These contributions become negligible on larger scales used to probe the CIB fluctuations arising from clustering. This means that the ACS galaxies cannot contribute to the large-scale CIB fluctuations found in the residual Spitzer data. The absence of their contributions also means that the CIB fluctuations arise at $z\gsim 7.5$ as the Lyman break of their sources must be redshifted past the longest ACS band, or the fluctuations have to originate in the more local but extremely low luminosity galaxies.
astro-ph
we study the possible contribution of optical galaxies detected with the it hubble acs instrument to the nearir cosmic infrared cib fluctuations in deep it spitzer images the it spitzer data used in this analysis are obtained in the course of the goods project from which we select four independent 10primetimes10prime regions observed at both 36 and 45 um acs source catalogs for all of these areas are used to construct maps containing only their emissions in the acs b v i zbands we find that deep spitzer data exhibit cib fluctuations remaining after removal of foreground galaxies of a very different clustering pattern at both 36 and 45 um than the acs galaxies could contribute we also find that there are very good correlations between the acs galaxies and the it removed galaxies in the spitzer maps but practically no correlations remain with the residual spitzer maps used to identify the cib fluctuations these contributions become negligible on larger scales used to probe the cib fluctuations arising from clustering this means that the acs galaxies cannot contribute to the largescale cib fluctuations found in the residual spitzer data the absence of their contributions also means that the cib fluctuations arise at zgsim 75 as the lyman break of their sources must be redshifted past the longest acs band or the fluctuations have to originate in the more local but extremely low luminosity galaxies
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706.2625
Self-organized surface nanopatterning by ion beam sputtering
The production of nanopatterns on the surfaces of targets irradiated by ion beams at low and intermediate energies has developed during the present decade to a salient degree of control over the main pattern features. However, there is still a wide experimental scatter in the type and relevance of various dynamic interfacial properties induced by this technique as a function of system type and parameters. In parallel, diverse theoretical models exist that differ in their capabilities to reproduce such a wide range of experimental features. We provide an overview of the most recent studies of nanoripple and dot production by ion-beam sputtering, with special attention to the comparison between experiments and (continuum) models, and with a focus on those issues that remain open or, at least, ambiguous. These are perhaps more evident for the case of nanodot patterns on amorphizable targets than for the case of nanoripples due, possibly, to the relative novelty of the former. The pattern properties to be considered are those of potential increased technological importance, such as the variation of nanodot size with parameters like ion energy, target temperature and sputtering time (i.e., fluence), as well as the conditions under which the quality of the pattern order is enhanced, issues such as wavelength coarsening and order enhancement becoming relevant.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
the production of nanopatterns on the surfaces of targets irradiated by ion beams at low and intermediate energies has developed during the present decade to a salient degree of control over the main pattern features however there is still a wide experimental scatter in the type and relevance of various dynamic interfacial properties induced by this technique as a function of system type and parameters in parallel diverse theoretical models exist that differ in their capabilities to reproduce such a wide range of experimental features we provide an overview of the most recent studies of nanoripple and dot production by ionbeam sputtering with special attention to the comparison between experiments and continuum models and with a focus on those issues that remain open or at least ambiguous these are perhaps more evident for the case of nanodot patterns on amorphizable targets than for the case of nanoripples due possibly to the relative novelty of the former the pattern properties to be considered are those of potential increased technological importance such as the variation of nanodot size with parameters like ion energy target temperature and sputtering time ie fluence as well as the conditions under which the quality of the pattern order is enhanced issues such as wavelength coarsening and order enhancement becoming relevant
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706.2626
Geometrical approach to mutually unbiased bases
We propose a unifying phase-space approach to the construction of mutually unbiased bases for a two-qubit system. It is based on an explicit classification of the geometrical structures compatible with the notion of unbiasedness. These consist of bundles of discrete curves intersecting only at the origin and satisfying certain additional properties. We also consider the feasible transformations between different kinds of curves and show that they correspond to local rotations around the Bloch-sphere principal axes. We suggest how to generalize the method to systems in dimensions that are powers of a prime.
quant-ph
we propose a unifying phasespace approach to the construction of mutually unbiased bases for a twoqubit system it is based on an explicit classification of the geometrical structures compatible with the notion of unbiasedness these consist of bundles of discrete curves intersecting only at the origin and satisfying certain additional properties we also consider the feasible transformations between different kinds of curves and show that they correspond to local rotations around the blochsphere principal axes we suggest how to generalize the method to systems in dimensions that are powers of a prime
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706.2627
The Tidal Tails of NGC 5466
The study of substructure in the stellar halo of the Milky Way has made a lot of progress in recent years, especially with the advent of surveys like the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Here, we study the newly discovered tidal tails of the Galactic globular cluster NGC 5466. By means of numerical simulations, we reproduce the shape, direction and surface density of the tidal tails, as well as the structural and kinematical properties of the present-day NGC 5466. Although its tails are very extended in SDSS data (> 45 degrees), NGC 5466 is only losing mass slowly at the present epoch and so can survive for probably a further Hubble time. The effects of tides at perigalacticon and disc crossing are the dominant causes of the slow dissolution of NGC 5466, accounting for about 60 % of the mass loss over the course of its evolution. The morphology of the tails provides a constraint on the proper motion -- the observationally determined proper motion has to be refined (within the stated error margins) to match the location of the tidal tails.
astro-ph
the study of substructure in the stellar halo of the milky way has made a lot of progress in recent years especially with the advent of surveys like the sloan digital sky survey here we study the newly discovered tidal tails of the galactic globular cluster ngc 5466 by means of numerical simulations we reproduce the shape direction and surface density of the tidal tails as well as the structural and kinematical properties of the presentday ngc 5466 although its tails are very extended in sdss data 45 degrees ngc 5466 is only losing mass slowly at the present epoch and so can survive for probably a further hubble time the effects of tides at perigalacticon and disc crossing are the dominant causes of the slow dissolution of ngc 5466 accounting for about 60 of the mass loss over the course of its evolution the morphology of the tails provides a constraint on the proper motion the observationally determined proper motion has to be refined within the stated error margins to match the location of the tidal tails
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706.2628
Phase Transition of Trapped Nuclear Exciton of Long-lived Rhodium Mossbauer States
We report experimental observations of the long-lived rhodium Mossbauer emissions by the time- and energy-resolved spectroscopy. The extraordinary observations manifest the open-up of photonic band gap in analogy to the superconducting gap of remarkable symmetry breakings at transition point. These observations are of potential importance for detecting gravitational waves and development of the two-photon gamma laser. Firstly, phase transitions shown by spectral evolution of characteristic emissions reveal the different aggregate exciton orderings at room temperature. Six different phases are identified by spectra profiles emitted from the color centers. Secondly, the cascade branching of the multipolar nuclear transition is discovered being the spontaneous cascade down-conversion to generate entangled gammas. The macroscopic angular distribution of entangled gammas from the polycrystalline sample manifests a global photon-nucleus-photon bound state across the grain boundaries. Thirdly, the gamma-energy distributions depending on exciton phases reveal the photonic band gap typically on the order of several hundred eV.
quant-ph gr-qc physics.atom-ph
we report experimental observations of the longlived rhodium mossbauer emissions by the time and energyresolved spectroscopy the extraordinary observations manifest the openup of photonic band gap in analogy to the superconducting gap of remarkable symmetry breakings at transition point these observations are of potential importance for detecting gravitational waves and development of the twophoton gamma laser firstly phase transitions shown by spectral evolution of characteristic emissions reveal the different aggregate exciton orderings at room temperature six different phases are identified by spectra profiles emitted from the color centers secondly the cascade branching of the multipolar nuclear transition is discovered being the spontaneous cascade downconversion to generate entangled gammas the macroscopic angular distribution of entangled gammas from the polycrystalline sample manifests a global photonnucleusphoton bound state across the grain boundaries thirdly the gammaenergy distributions depending on exciton phases reveal the photonic band gap typically on the order of several hundred ev
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706.2629
Period-color and amplitude-color relations in classical Cepheid variables V: The Small Magellanic Cloud Cepheid models
Period-colour (PC) and amplitude-colour (AC) relations at maximum, mean and minimum light are constructed from a large grid of full amplitude hydrodynamic models of Cepheids with a composition appropriate for the SMC (Small Magellanic Cloud). We compare these theoretical relations with those from observations. The theoretical relations are in general good agreement with their observational counterparts though there exist some discrepancy for short period (log [P] < 1) Cepheids. We outline a physical mechanism which can, in principle, be one factor to explain the observed PC/AC relations for the long and short period Cepheids in the Galaxy, LMC and SMC. Our explanation relies on the hydrogen ionization front-photosphere interaction and the way this interaction changes with pulsation period, pulsation phase and metallicity. Since the PC relation is connected with the period-luminosity (PL) relation, it is postulated that such a mechanism can also explain the observed properties of the PL relation in these three galaxies.
astro-ph
periodcolour pc and amplitudecolour ac relations at maximum mean and minimum light are constructed from a large grid of full amplitude hydrodynamic models of cepheids with a composition appropriate for the smc small magellanic cloud we compare these theoretical relations with those from observations the theoretical relations are in general good agreement with their observational counterparts though there exist some discrepancy for short period log p 1 cepheids we outline a physical mechanism which can in principle be one factor to explain the observed pcac relations for the long and short period cepheids in the galaxy lmc and smc our explanation relies on the hydrogen ionization frontphotosphere interaction and the way this interaction changes with pulsation period pulsation phase and metallicity since the pc relation is connected with the periodluminosity pl relation it is postulated that such a mechanism can also explain the observed properties of the pl relation in these three galaxies
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706.263
Parton shower Monte Carlos vs resummed calculations for interjet energy flow observables
Parton showers in Monte Carlo event generators reflect to a certain accuracy our understanding of QCD radiation at all orders. For observables sensitive to interjet energy flow in well defined regions of phase space, it has been known for some time that relevant all-order dynamics is substantially more complicated than that encoded via angular ordering in parton shower algorithms, even to leading logarithmic accuracy. Here we investigate the extent of the numerical mismatch between leading logarithmic analytical estimates (resummation) and parton showers in an effort to better understand the accuracy of parton showers for such observables.
hep-ph
parton showers in monte carlo event generators reflect to a certain accuracy our understanding of qcd radiation at all orders for observables sensitive to interjet energy flow in well defined regions of phase space it has been known for some time that relevant allorder dynamics is substantially more complicated than that encoded via angular ordering in parton shower algorithms even to leading logarithmic accuracy here we investigate the extent of the numerical mismatch between leading logarithmic analytical estimates resummation and parton showers in an effort to better understand the accuracy of parton showers for such observables
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706.2631
Minimal data rate stabilization of nonlinear systems over networks with large delays
Control systems over networks with a finite data rate can be conveniently modeled as hybrid (impulsive) systems. For the class of nonlinear systems in feedfoward form, we design a hybrid controller which guarantees stability, in spite of the measurement noise due to the quantization, and of an arbitrarily large delay which affects the communication channel. The rate at which feedback packets are transmitted from the sensors to the actuators is shown to be arbitrarily close to the infimal one.
math.OC
control systems over networks with a finite data rate can be conveniently modeled as hybrid impulsive systems for the class of nonlinear systems in feedfoward form we design a hybrid controller which guarantees stability in spite of the measurement noise due to the quantization and of an arbitrarily large delay which affects the communication channel the rate at which feedback packets are transmitted from the sensors to the actuators is shown to be arbitrarily close to the infimal one
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706.2632
A Dynamical Systems Approach to the Kadison-Singer Problem
In these notes we develop a link between the Kadison-Singer problem and questions about certain dynamical systems. We conjecture that whether or not a given state has a unique extension is related to certain dynamical properties of the state. We prove that if any state corresponding to a minimal idempotent point extends uniquely to the von Neumann algebra of the group, then every state extends uniquely to the von Neumann algebra of the group. We prove that if any state arising in the Kadsion-Singer problem has a unique extension, then the injective envelope of a C*-crossed product algebra associated with the state necessarily contains the full von Neumann algebra of the group. We prove that this latter property holds for states arising from rare ultrafilters and $\delta$-stable ultrafilters, independent, of the group action and also for states corresponding to non-recurrent points in the corona of the group.
math.OA
in these notes we develop a link between the kadisonsinger problem and questions about certain dynamical systems we conjecture that whether or not a given state has a unique extension is related to certain dynamical properties of the state we prove that if any state corresponding to a minimal idempotent point extends uniquely to the von neumann algebra of the group then every state extends uniquely to the von neumann algebra of the group we prove that if any state arising in the kadsionsinger problem has a unique extension then the injective envelope of a ccrossed product algebra associated with the state necessarily contains the full von neumann algebra of the group we prove that this latter property holds for states arising from rare ultrafilters and deltastable ultrafilters independent of the group action and also for states corresponding to nonrecurrent points in the corona of the group
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706.2633
Topological Gauge Theories on Local Spaces and Black Hole Entropy Countings
We study cohomological gauge theories on total spaces of holomorphic line bundles over complex manifolds and obtain their reduction to the base manifold by U(1) equivariant localization of the path integral. We exemplify this general mechanism by proving via exact path integral localization a reduction for local curves conjectured in hep-th/0411280, relevant to the calculation of black hole entropy/Gromov-Witten invariants. Agreement with the four-dimensional gauge theory is recovered by taking into account in the latter non-trivial contributions coming from one-loop fluctuations determinants at the boundary of the total space. We also study a class of abelian gauge theories on Calabi-Yau local surfaces, describing the quantum foam for the A-model, relevant to the calculation of Donaldson-Thomas invariants.
hep-th math.AG
we study cohomological gauge theories on total spaces of holomorphic line bundles over complex manifolds and obtain their reduction to the base manifold by u1 equivariant localization of the path integral we exemplify this general mechanism by proving via exact path integral localization a reduction for local curves conjectured in hepth0411280 relevant to the calculation of black hole entropygromovwitten invariants agreement with the fourdimensional gauge theory is recovered by taking into account in the latter nontrivial contributions coming from oneloop fluctuations determinants at the boundary of the total space we also study a class of abelian gauge theories on calabiyau local surfaces describing the quantum foam for the amodel relevant to the calculation of donaldsonthomas invariants
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706.2634
Quivers and difference Painleve equations
We will describe natural `Lax pairs' for the difference Painleve equations with affine Weyl symmetry groups of types E6, E7 and E8, showing that they do indeed arise as symmetries of certain Fuchsian systems of differential equations.
math.AG nlin.SI
we will describe natural lax pairs for the difference painleve equations with affine weyl symmetry groups of types e6 e7 and e8 showing that they do indeed arise as symmetries of certain fuchsian systems of differential equations
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706.2635
Magnetic flux detection with an Andreev Quantum Dot
The charge of the subgap states in an Andreev quantum dot (AQD; this is a quantum dot inserted into a superconducting loop) is very sensitive to the magnetic flux threading the loop. We study the sensitivity of this device as a function of its parameters for the limit of a large superconducting gap. In our analysis, we account for the effects of a weak Coulomb interaction within the dot. We discuss the suitability of this setup as a device detecting weak magnetic fields.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.supr-con
the charge of the subgap states in an andreev quantum dot aqd this is a quantum dot inserted into a superconducting loop is very sensitive to the magnetic flux threading the loop we study the sensitivity of this device as a function of its parameters for the limit of a large superconducting gap in our analysis we account for the effects of a weak coulomb interaction within the dot we discuss the suitability of this setup as a device detecting weak magnetic fields
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706.2636
Optimal pointwise approximation of stochastic differential equations driven by fractional Brownian motion
We study the approximation of stochastic differential equations driven by a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter $H>1/2$. For the mean-square error at a single point we derive the optimal rate of convergence that can be achieved by any approximation method using an equidistant discretization of the driving fractional Brownian motion. We find that there are mainly two cases: either the solution can be approximated perfectly or the best possible rate of convergence is $n^{-H-1/2},$ where $n$ denotes the number of evaluations of the fractional Brownian motion. In addition, we present an implementable approximation scheme that obtains the optimal rate of convergence in the latter case.
math.PR math.NA
we study the approximation of stochastic differential equations driven by a fractional brownian motion with hurst parameter h12 for the meansquare error at a single point we derive the optimal rate of convergence that can be achieved by any approximation method using an equidistant discretization of the driving fractional brownian motion we find that there are mainly two cases either the solution can be approximated perfectly or the best possible rate of convergence is nh12 where n denotes the number of evaluations of the fractional brownian motion in addition we present an implementable approximation scheme that obtains the optimal rate of convergence in the latter case
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706.2637
One-step replica symmetry breaking solution for a highly asymmetric two-sublattice fermionic Ising spin glass model in a transverse field
The one-step replica symmetry breaking (RSB) is used to study a two-sublattice fermionic infinite-range Ising spin glass (SG) model in a transverse field $\Gamma$. The problem is formulated in a Grassmann path integral formalism within the static approximation. In this model, a parallel magnetic field $H$ breaks the symmetry of the sublattices. It destroys the antiferromagnetic (AF) order, but it can favor the nonergodic mixed phase (SG+AF) characterizing an asymmetric RSB region. In this region, intra-sublattice disordered interactions $V$ increase the difference between the RSB solutions of each sublattice. The freezing temperature shows a higher increase with $H$ when $V$ enhances. A discontinue phase transition from the replica symmetry (RS) solution to the RSB solution can appear with the presence of an intra-sublattice ferromagnetic average coupling. The $\Gamma$ field introduces a quantum spin flip mechanism that suppresses the magnetic orders leading them to quantum critical points. Results suggest that the quantum effects are not able to restore the RS solution. However, in the asymmetric RSB region, $\Gamma$ can produce a stable RS solution at any finite temperature for a particular sublattice while the other sublattice still presents RSB solution for the special case in which only the intra-sublattice spins couple with disordered interactions.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.dis-nn
the onestep replica symmetry breaking rsb is used to study a twosublattice fermionic infiniterange ising spin glass sg model in a transverse field gamma the problem is formulated in a grassmann path integral formalism within the static approximation in this model a parallel magnetic field h breaks the symmetry of the sublattices it destroys the antiferromagnetic af order but it can favor the nonergodic mixed phase sgaf characterizing an asymmetric rsb region in this region intrasublattice disordered interactions v increase the difference between the rsb solutions of each sublattice the freezing temperature shows a higher increase with h when v enhances a discontinue phase transition from the replica symmetry rs solution to the rsb solution can appear with the presence of an intrasublattice ferromagnetic average coupling the gamma field introduces a quantum spin flip mechanism that suppresses the magnetic orders leading them to quantum critical points results suggest that the quantum effects are not able to restore the rs solution however in the asymmetric rsb region gamma can produce a stable rs solution at any finite temperature for a particular sublattice while the other sublattice still presents rsb solution for the special case in which only the intrasublattice spins couple with disordered interactions
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706.2638
Some applications of the Mellin transform to branching processes
We introduce a Mellin transform of functions which live on all of $\bR$ and discuss its applications to the limiting theory of Bellman-Harris processes, and specifically Luria-Delbr\"uck processes. More precisely, we calculate the life-time distribution of particles in a Bellman-Harris process from their first-generation offspring and limiting distributions, and prove a formula for the Laplace transform of the distribution of types in a Luria-Delbr\"uck process in the Mittag-Leffler limit. As a by-product, we show how to easily derive the (classical) Mellin transforms of certain stable probability distributions from their Fourier transform.
math.PR
we introduce a mellin transform of functions which live on all of br and discuss its applications to the limiting theory of bellmanharris processes and specifically luriadelbruck processes more precisely we calculate the lifetime distribution of particles in a bellmanharris process from their firstgeneration offspring and limiting distributions and prove a formula for the laplace transform of the distribution of types in a luriadelbruck process in the mittagleffler limit as a byproduct we show how to easily derive the classical mellin transforms of certain stable probability distributions from their fourier transform
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706.2639
Apparatus for excitation and detection of Rydberg atoms in quantum gases
We present and characterize a versatile experimental setup which allows for excitation and detection of Rydberg atoms in quantum gases. The novel concept of the setup features two charged particle detectors and eight electrical field plates inside the vacuum chamber, which allows the detection and manipulation of Rydberg atoms. The setup presented here is applicable to all atomic species used in the field of quantum gases. We describe and characterize the production of Bose-Einstein condensates, the excitation scheme into Rydberg states, the detection of Rydberg states by field ionization followed by ion detection and the various electric field configurations provided by the eight field plates.
quant-ph
we present and characterize a versatile experimental setup which allows for excitation and detection of rydberg atoms in quantum gases the novel concept of the setup features two charged particle detectors and eight electrical field plates inside the vacuum chamber which allows the detection and manipulation of rydberg atoms the setup presented here is applicable to all atomic species used in the field of quantum gases we describe and characterize the production of boseeinstein condensates the excitation scheme into rydberg states the detection of rydberg states by field ionization followed by ion detection and the various electric field configurations provided by the eight field plates
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706.264
Search for large-scale anisotropies with the Auger Observatory
We use more than two years of data from the Pierre Auger Observatory to search for anisotropies on large scales in different energy windows. We account for various systematics in the acceptance, in particular due to the array growth and weather variations. We present the results of analyses and consistency checks looking for patterns in the right ascension modulation of the cosmic ray distribution. No significant anisotropies of this kind are observed.
astro-ph
we use more than two years of data from the pierre auger observatory to search for anisotropies on large scales in different energy windows we account for various systematics in the acceptance in particular due to the array growth and weather variations we present the results of analyses and consistency checks looking for patterns in the right ascension modulation of the cosmic ray distribution no significant anisotropies of this kind are observed
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706.2641
Performance Studies of Prototype II for the CASTOR forward Calorimeter at the CMS Experiment
We present results of the performance of the second prototype of the CASTOR quartz-tungsten sampling calorimeter, to be installed in the very forward region of the CMS experiment at the LHC. The energy linearity and resolution, as well as the spatial resolution of the prototype to electromagnetic and hadronic showers are studied with E=20-200 GeV electrons, E=20-350 GeV pions, and E=50,150 GeV muons from beam tests carried out at CERN/SPS in 2004. The responses of the calorimeter using two different types of photodetectors (avalanche photodiodes APDs, and photomultiplier tubes PMTs) are compared.
physics.ins-det nucl-ex
we present results of the performance of the second prototype of the castor quartztungsten sampling calorimeter to be installed in the very forward region of the cms experiment at the lhc the energy linearity and resolution as well as the spatial resolution of the prototype to electromagnetic and hadronic showers are studied with e20200 gev electrons e20350 gev pions and e50150 gev muons from beam tests carried out at cernsps in 2004 the responses of the calorimeter using two different types of photodetectors avalanche photodiodes apds and photomultiplier tubes pmts are compared
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706.2642
The twisted Mellin transform
The "twisted Mellin transform" is a slightly modified version of the usual classical Mellin transform on $L^2(\mathbb R)$. In this short note we investigate some of its basic properties. From the point of views of combinatorics one of its most important interesting properties is that it intertwines the differential operator, $df/dx$, with its finite difference analogue, $\nabla f= f(x)-f(x-1)$. From the point of view of analysis one of its most important properties is that it describes the asymptotics of one dimensional quantum states in Bargmann quantization.
math.CO
the twisted mellin transform is a slightly modified version of the usual classical mellin transform on l2mathbb r in this short note we investigate some of its basic properties from the point of views of combinatorics one of its most important interesting properties is that it intertwines the differential operator dfdx with its finite difference analogue nabla f fxfx1 from the point of view of analysis one of its most important properties is that it describes the asymptotics of one dimensional quantum states in bargmann quantization
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706.2643
Measurement of the UHECR energy spectrum from hybrid data of the Pierre Auger Observatory
More than two years of fluorescence detector data collected in coincidence with at least one station of the surface detector array (``hybrid data'') are used to measure the flux and energy spectrum of cosmic rays above about 10$^{18}$ eV. The hybrid measurement extends towards lower energies the spectrum measured with the surface detector data only, and provides a cross-check with an independent data set. The determination of the fluorescence detector aperture and of its live-time, which is the major aspect of this measurement, is illustrated in detail. Our current estimate of the corresponding systematic uncertainties are given.
astro-ph
more than two years of fluorescence detector data collected in coincidence with at least one station of the surface detector array hybrid data are used to measure the flux and energy spectrum of cosmic rays above about 1018 ev the hybrid measurement extends towards lower energies the spectrum measured with the surface detector data only and provides a crosscheck with an independent data set the determination of the fluorescence detector aperture and of its livetime which is the major aspect of this measurement is illustrated in detail our current estimate of the corresponding systematic uncertainties are given
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706.2644
Some new equivalences of Anderson's paving conjectures
Anderson's paving conjectures are known to be equivalent to the Kadison-Singer problem. We prove some new equivalences of Anderson's conjectures that require the paving of smaller sets of matrices. We prove that if the strictly upper triangular operatorss are pavable, then every 0 diagonal operator is pavable. This result follows from a new paving condition for positive operators. In addition, we prove that if the upper triangular Toeplitz operators are paveable, then all Toeplitz operators are paveable.
math.OA
andersons paving conjectures are known to be equivalent to the kadisonsinger problem we prove some new equivalences of andersons conjectures that require the paving of smaller sets of matrices we prove that if the strictly upper triangular operatorss are pavable then every 0 diagonal operator is pavable this result follows from a new paving condition for positive operators in addition we prove that if the upper triangular toeplitz operators are paveable then all toeplitz operators are paveable
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706.2645
Compactness of the Complex Green Operator
Let $\Omega\subset\C^n$ be a bounded smooth pseudoconvex domain. We show that compactness of the complex Green operator $G_{q}$ on $(0,q)$-forms on $b\Omega$ implies compactness of the $\bar{\partial}$-Neumann operator $N_{q}$ on $\Omega$. We prove that if $1 \leq q \leq n-2$ and $b\Omega$ satisfies $(P_q)$ and $(P_{n-q-1})$, then $G_{q}$ is a compact operator (and so is $G_{n-1-q}$). Our method relies on a jump type formula to represent forms on the boundary, and we prove an auxiliary compactness result for an `annulus' between two pseudoconvex domains. Our results, combined with the known characterization of compactness in the $\bar{\partial}$-Neumann problem on locally convexifiable domains, yield the corresponding characterization of compactness of the complex Green operator(s) on these domains.
math.CV math.AP
let omegasubsetcn be a bounded smooth pseudoconvex domain we show that compactness of the complex green operator g_q on 0qforms on bomega implies compactness of the barpartialneumann operator n_q on omega we prove that if 1 leq q leq n2 and bomega satisfies p_q and p_nq1 then g_q is a compact operator and so is g_n1q our method relies on a jump type formula to represent forms on the boundary and we prove an auxiliary compactness result for an annulus between two pseudoconvex domains our results combined with the known characterization of compactness in the barpartialneumann problem on locally convexifiable domains yield the corresponding characterization of compactness of the complex green operators on these domains
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706.2646
A quantitative version of the Besicovitch projection theorem via multiscale analysis
By using a multiscale analysis, we establish quantitative versions of the Besicovitch projection theorem (almost every projection of a purely unrectifiable set in the plane of finite length has measure zero) and a standard companion result, namely that any planar set with at least two projections of measure zero is purely unrectifiable. We illustrate these results by providing an explicit (but weak) upper bound on the average projection of the $n^{th}$ generation of a product Cantor set.
math.CA math.MG
by using a multiscale analysis we establish quantitative versions of the besicovitch projection theorem almost every projection of a purely unrectifiable set in the plane of finite length has measure zero and a standard companion result namely that any planar set with at least two projections of measure zero is purely unrectifiable we illustrate these results by providing an explicit but weak upper bound on the average projection of the nth generation of a product cantor set
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706.2647
A note for Gromov's distance functions on the space of mm-spaces
This is just a note for \cite[Chapter$3{1/2}_+$]{gromov}. Maybe this note is obvious for a reader who knows metric geometry. I wish that someone study further in this direction.
math.MG
this is just a note for citechapter312_gromov maybe this note is obvious for a reader who knows metric geometry i wish that someone study further in this direction
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706.2648
Harder-Narasimhan categories
We propose a generalization of Quillen's exact category -- arithmetic exact category and we discuss conditions on such categories under which one can establish the notion of Harder-Narasimhan filtrations and Harder-Narsimhan polygons. Furthermore, we show the functoriality of Harder-Narasimhan filtrations (indexed by $\mathbb R$), which can not be stated in the classical setting of Harder and Narasimhan's formalism.
math.AG math.CT
we propose a generalization of quillens exact category arithmetic exact category and we discuss conditions on such categories under which one can establish the notion of hardernarasimhan filtrations and hardernarsimhan polygons furthermore we show the functoriality of hardernarasimhan filtrations indexed by mathbb r which can not be stated in the classical setting of harder and narasimhans formalism
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706.2649
Convergence of Harder-Narasimhan polygons
We establish in this article convergence results of normalized Harder-Narasimhan polygons both in geometric and in arithmetic frameworks by introducing the Harder-Narasimhan filtration indexed by $\mathbb R$ and the associated Borel probability measure.
math.AG
we establish in this article convergence results of normalized hardernarasimhan polygons both in geometric and in arithmetic frameworks by introducing the hardernarasimhan filtration indexed by mathbb r and the associated borel probability measure
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706.265
Comment on "Magnus force and acoustic Stewart-Tolman effect in type-II superconductors, by Fil et al
Fil {\it et al.} has proposed an interesting experimental method to investigate vortex dynamics. Some preliminary results have been obtained. In this comment I discuss a few missing but strongly related theoretical models and experiments on Hall anomaly and Magnus force. I conclude that those missing literature can enhance the value of novel experimental method proposed in the commented 2006 Europhysics Letters by Fil {\it et al.}.
cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.stat-mech
fil it et al has proposed an interesting experimental method to investigate vortex dynamics some preliminary results have been obtained in this comment i discuss a few missing but strongly related theoretical models and experiments on hall anomaly and magnus force i conclude that those missing literature can enhance the value of novel experimental method proposed in the commented 2006 europhysics letters by fil it et al
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706.2651
Transverse emittance dilution due to coupler kicks in linear accelerators
One of the main concerns in the design of low emittance linear accelerators (linacs) is the preservation of beam emittance. Here we discuss one possible source of emittance dilution, the coupler kick, due to transverse electromagnetic fields in the accelerating cavities of the linac caused by the power coupler geometry. In addition to emittance growth, the coupler kick also produces orbit distortions. It is common wisdom that emittance growth from coupler kicks can be strongly reduced by using two couplers per cavity mounted opposite each other or by having the couplers of successive cavities alternation from above to below the beam pipe so as to cancel each individual kick. We therefore analyze consequences of alternate coupler placements. We show here that for sufficiently large Q values, alternating the coupler location from before to after the cavity leads to a cancellation of the orbit distortion but not of the emittance growth, whereas alternating the coupler location from before and above to behind and below the cavity cancels the emittance growth but not the orbit distortion. These compensations hold even when each cavity is individually detuned, e.g. by microphonics. Another effective method for reducing coupler kicks that is studied is the optimization of the phase of the coupler kick. This technique is independent of the coupler geometry but relies on operating on crest. A final technique studied is symmetrization of the cavity geometry in the coupler region with the addition of a stub opposite the coupler, which reduces the amplitude of the off axis fields and is thus effective for off crest acceleration as well. We show applications of these techniques to the energy recovery linac (ERL) planned at Cornell University.
physics.acc-ph physics.comp-ph
one of the main concerns in the design of low emittance linear accelerators linacs is the preservation of beam emittance here we discuss one possible source of emittance dilution the coupler kick due to transverse electromagnetic fields in the accelerating cavities of the linac caused by the power coupler geometry in addition to emittance growth the coupler kick also produces orbit distortions it is common wisdom that emittance growth from coupler kicks can be strongly reduced by using two couplers per cavity mounted opposite each other or by having the couplers of successive cavities alternation from above to below the beam pipe so as to cancel each individual kick we therefore analyze consequences of alternate coupler placements we show here that for sufficiently large q values alternating the coupler location from before to after the cavity leads to a cancellation of the orbit distortion but not of the emittance growth whereas alternating the coupler location from before and above to behind and below the cavity cancels the emittance growth but not the orbit distortion these compensations hold even when each cavity is individually detuned eg by microphonics another effective method for reducing coupler kicks that is studied is the optimization of the phase of the coupler kick this technique is independent of the coupler geometry but relies on operating on crest a final technique studied is symmetrization of the cavity geometry in the coupler region with the addition of a stub opposite the coupler which reduces the amplitude of the off axis fields and is thus effective for off crest acceleration as well we show applications of these techniques to the energy recovery linac erl planned at cornell university
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706.2652
The Spectrum of the Black Hole X-ray Nova V404 Cygni in Quiescence as Measured by XMM-Newton
We present XMM observations of the black hole X-ray nova V404 Cygni in quiescence. Its quiescent spectrum can be best fitted by a simple power-law with slope 2. The spectra are consistent with that expected for the advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF). V404 Cyg was roughly equal in luminosity compared to the previous observation of Chandra. We see variability of a factor of 4 during the observation. We find no evidence for the presence of fluorescent or H-like/He-like iron emission, with upper limits of 52 eV and 110 eV respectively. The limit on the fluorescent emission is improved by a factor of 15 over the previous estimate, and the restriction on H-like/He-like emission is lower than predicted from models by a factor of roughly 2.
astro-ph
we present xmm observations of the black hole xray nova v404 cygni in quiescence its quiescent spectrum can be best fitted by a simple powerlaw with slope 2 the spectra are consistent with that expected for the advectiondominated accretion flow adaf v404 cyg was roughly equal in luminosity compared to the previous observation of chandra we see variability of a factor of 4 during the observation we find no evidence for the presence of fluorescent or hlikehelike iron emission with upper limits of 52 ev and 110 ev respectively the limit on the fluorescent emission is improved by a factor of 15 over the previous estimate and the restriction on hlikehelike emission is lower than predicted from models by a factor of roughly 2
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706.2653
The UDF05 Follow-up of the HUDF: I. The Faint-End Slope of the Lyman-Break Galaxy Population at z~5
We present the UDF05 project, a HST Large Program of deep ACS (F606W, F775W, F850LP) and NICMOS (F110W, F160W) imaging of three fields, two of which coincide with the NICP1-4 NICMOS parallel observations of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF). In this first paper we use the ACS data for the NICP12 field, as well as the original HUDF ACS data, to measure the UV Luminosity Function (LF) of z~5 Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) down to very faint levels. Specifically, based on a V-i, i-z selection criterion, we identify a sample of 101 and 133 candidate z~5 galaxies down to z_{850}=28.5 and 29.25 magnitudes in the NICP12 and in the HUDF fields, respectively. Using an extensive set of Monte Carlo simulations we derive corrections for observational biases and selection effects, and construct the rest-frame 1400 A LBG LF over the range M_{1400}=[-21.4, -17.1], i.e. down to ~0.04 L* at z~5, and complement it with data from the Subaru Deep Field (SDF) from Yoshida et al. (2006) to extend it to the brighter end (M_{1400}>-22.2). We show that: (i) Different assumptions regarding the SED distribution of the LBG population, dust properties and intergalactic absorption result in a 25% variation in the number density of LBGs at z~5; (ii) Under consistent assumptions for dust properties and intergalactic absorption, the HUDF is about 30% under-dense in z~5 LBGs relative to the NICP12 field, a variation which is well explained by cosmic variance; (iii) The faint-end slope of the LF is independent of the specific assumptions for the input physical parameters, and has a value of alpha ~ -1.6, similar to the faint-end slope of the LF that has been measured for LBGs at z~3 and z~6.
astro-ph
we present the udf05 project a hst large program of deep acs f606w f775w f850lp and nicmos f110w f160w imaging of three fields two of which coincide with the nicp14 nicmos parallel observations of the hubble ultra deep field hudf in this first paper we use the acs data for the nicp12 field as well as the original hudf acs data to measure the uv luminosity function lf of z5 lyman break galaxies lbgs down to very faint levels specifically based on a vi iz selection criterion we identify a sample of 101 and 133 candidate z5 galaxies down to z_850285 and 2925 magnitudes in the nicp12 and in the hudf fields respectively using an extensive set of monte carlo simulations we derive corrections for observational biases and selection effects and construct the restframe 1400 a lbg lf over the range m_1400214 171 ie down to 004 l at z5 and complement it with data from the subaru deep field sdf from yoshida et al 2006 to extend it to the brighter end m_1400222 we show that i different assumptions regarding the sed distribution of the lbg population dust properties and intergalactic absorption result in a 25 variation in the number density of lbgs at z5 ii under consistent assumptions for dust properties and intergalactic absorption the hudf is about 30 underdense in z5 lbgs relative to the nicp12 field a variation which is well explained by cosmic variance iii the faintend slope of the lf is independent of the specific assumptions for the input physical parameters and has a value of alpha 16 similar to the faintend slope of the lf that has been measured for lbgs at z3 and z6
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706.2654
Reconstructing a model of quintessential inflation
We present an explicit cosmological model where inflation and dark energy both could arise from the dynamics of the same scalar field. We present our discussion in the framework where the inflaton field $\phi$ attains a nearly constant velocity $m_P^{-1} |d\phi/dN|\equiv \alpha+\beta \exp(\beta N)$ (where $N\equiv \ln a$ is the e-folding time) during inflation. We show that the model with $|\alpha|<0.25$ and $\beta<0$ can easily satisfy inflationary constraints, including the spectral index of scalar fluctuations ($n_s=0.96\pm 0.013$), tensor-to-scalar ratio ($r<0.28$) and also the bound imposed on $\Omega_\phi$ during the nucleosynthesis epoch ($\Omega_\phi (1 {\rm MeV})<0.1$). In our construction, the scalar field potential always scales proportionally to the square of the Hubble expansion rate. One may thereby account for the two vastly different energy scales associated with the Hubble parameters at early and late epochs. The inflaton energy could also produce an observationally significant effective dark energy at a late epoch without violating local gravity tests.
hep-th astro-ph gr-qc hep-ph
we present an explicit cosmological model where inflation and dark energy both could arise from the dynamics of the same scalar field we present our discussion in the framework where the inflaton field phi attains a nearly constant velocity m_p1 dphidnequiv alphabeta expbeta n where nequiv ln a is the efolding time during inflation we show that the model with alpha025 and beta0 can easily satisfy inflationary constraints including the spectral index of scalar fluctuations n_s096pm 0013 tensortoscalar ratio r028 and also the bound imposed on omega_phi during the nucleosynthesis epoch omega_phi 1 rm mev01 in our construction the scalar field potential always scales proportionally to the square of the hubble expansion rate one may thereby account for the two vastly different energy scales associated with the hubble parameters at early and late epochs the inflaton energy could also produce an observationally significant effective dark energy at a late epoch without violating local gravity tests
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706.2655
Stability of string configurations dual to quarkonium states in AdS/CFT
We extend our earlier work, regarding the perturbative stability of string configurations used for computing the interaction potential of heavy quarks within the gauge/gravity correspondence, to cover a more general class of gravity duals. We provide results, mostly based on analytic methods and corroborated by numerical calculations, which apply to strings in a general class of backgrounds that encompass boosted, spinning and marginally-deformed D3-brane backgrounds. For the case of spinning branes we demonstrate in a few examples that perturbative stability of strings requires strong conditions complementing those following by thermodynamic stability of the dual field theories. For marginally-deformed backgrounds, we find that even in the conformal case stability may require an upper value for the imaginary part of the deformation parameter, whereas in regions of the Coulomb branch where there exists linear confinement we find that there exist stable string configurations for certain ranges of values of this parameter. We finally discuss the case of open strings with fixed endpoints propagating in Rindler space, which turns out to have an exact classical-mechanical analog.
hep-th
we extend our earlier work regarding the perturbative stability of string configurations used for computing the interaction potential of heavy quarks within the gaugegravity correspondence to cover a more general class of gravity duals we provide results mostly based on analytic methods and corroborated by numerical calculations which apply to strings in a general class of backgrounds that encompass boosted spinning and marginallydeformed d3brane backgrounds for the case of spinning branes we demonstrate in a few examples that perturbative stability of strings requires strong conditions complementing those following by thermodynamic stability of the dual field theories for marginallydeformed backgrounds we find that even in the conformal case stability may require an upper value for the imaginary part of the deformation parameter whereas in regions of the coulomb branch where there exists linear confinement we find that there exist stable string configurations for certain ranges of values of this parameter we finally discuss the case of open strings with fixed endpoints propagating in rindler space which turns out to have an exact classicalmechanical analog
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706.2656
Dynamical Properties of z~2 Star Forming Galaxies and a Universal Star Formation Relation
We present the first comparison of the dynamical properties of different samples of z~1.4-3.4 star forming galaxies from spatially resolved imaging spectroscopy from SINFONI/VLT integral field spectroscopy and IRAM CO millimeter interferometry. Our samples include 16 rest-frame UV-selected, 16 rest-frame optically-selected and 13 submillimeter galaxies (SMGs). We find that restframe UV- and optically bright (K<20) z~2 star forming galaxies are dynamically similar, and follow the same velocity-size relation as disk galaxies at z~0. In the theoretical framework of rotating disks forming from dissipative collapse in dark matter halos, the two samples require a spin parameter ranging from 0.06 to 0.2. In contrast bright SMGs have larger velocity widths and are much more compact. Hence, SMGs have lower angular momenta and higher matter densities than either of the UV- or optically selected populations. This indicates that dissipative major mergers may dominate the SMGs population, resulting in early spheroids, and that the majority of UV/optically bright galaxies have evolved less violently [...]. These early disks may later evolve into spheroids via disk instabilities or mergers. Because of their small sizes and large densities, SMGs lie at the high surface density end of a universal (out to z=2.5) "Schmidt-Kennicutt" relation between gas surface density and star formation rate surface density with a slope of ~1.7.
astro-ph
we present the first comparison of the dynamical properties of different samples of z1434 star forming galaxies from spatially resolved imaging spectroscopy from sinfonivlt integral field spectroscopy and iram co millimeter interferometry our samples include 16 restframe uvselected 16 restframe opticallyselected and 13 submillimeter galaxies smgs we find that restframe uv and optically bright k20 z2 star forming galaxies are dynamically similar and follow the same velocitysize relation as disk galaxies at z0 in the theoretical framework of rotating disks forming from dissipative collapse in dark matter halos the two samples require a spin parameter ranging from 006 to 02 in contrast bright smgs have larger velocity widths and are much more compact hence smgs have lower angular momenta and higher matter densities than either of the uv or optically selected populations this indicates that dissipative major mergers may dominate the smgs population resulting in early spheroids and that the majority of uvoptically bright galaxies have evolved less violently these early disks may later evolve into spheroids via disk instabilities or mergers because of their small sizes and large densities smgs lie at the high surface density end of a universal out to z25 schmidtkennicutt relation between gas surface density and star formation rate surface density with a slope of 17
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706.2657
Self-consistent slave rotor mean field theory for strongly correlated systems
Building on work by Florens and Georges, we formulate and study a self-consistent slave rotor mean field theory for strongly correlated systems. This approach views the electron, in the strong correlation regime, as a composite of a neutral spinon and a charged rotor field. We solve the coupled spinon-rotor model self-consistently using a cluster mean field theory for the rotors and various ansatzes for the spinon ground state. We illustrate this approach with a number of examples relevant to ongoing experiments in strongly correlated electronic systems such as: (i) the phase diagram of the isotropic triangular lattice organic Mott insulators, (ii) quasiparticle excitations and tunneling asymmetry in the weakly doped cuprate superconductors, and (iii) the cyclotron mass of carriers in commensurate spin-density wave and U(1) staggered flux (or d-density wave) normal states of the underdoped cuprates. We compare the estimated cyclotron mass with results from recent quantum oscillation experiments on ortho-II YBCO by N. Doiron-Leyraud et al (Nature 447, 565 [2007]) which appear to find hole pockets in the magnetic field induced normal state. We comment on the relation of this normal ground state to Fermi arcs seen in photoemission experiments above Tc. This slave rotor mean field theory can be generalized to study inhomogeneous states and strongly interacting models relevant to ultracold atoms in optical lattices.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.supr-con
building on work by florens and georges we formulate and study a selfconsistent slave rotor mean field theory for strongly correlated systems this approach views the electron in the strong correlation regime as a composite of a neutral spinon and a charged rotor field we solve the coupled spinonrotor model selfconsistently using a cluster mean field theory for the rotors and various ansatzes for the spinon ground state we illustrate this approach with a number of examples relevant to ongoing experiments in strongly correlated electronic systems such as i the phase diagram of the isotropic triangular lattice organic mott insulators ii quasiparticle excitations and tunneling asymmetry in the weakly doped cuprate superconductors and iii the cyclotron mass of carriers in commensurate spindensity wave and u1 staggered flux or ddensity wave normal states of the underdoped cuprates we compare the estimated cyclotron mass with results from recent quantum oscillation experiments on orthoii ybco by n doironleyraud et al nature 447 565 2007 which appear to find hole pockets in the magnetic field induced normal state we comment on the relation of this normal ground state to fermi arcs seen in photoemission experiments above tc this slave rotor mean field theory can be generalized to study inhomogeneous states and strongly interacting models relevant to ultracold atoms in optical lattices
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706.2658
Local and Non-local Shot Noise in Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes
We have investigated shot noise in multiterminal, diffusive multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) at 4.2 K over the frequency f = 600 - 850 MHz. Quantitative comparison of our data to semiclassical theory, based on non-equilibrium distribution functions, indicates that a major part of the noise is caused by a non-equilibrium state imposed by the contacts. Our data exhibits non-local shot noise across weakly transmitting contacts while a low-impedance contact eliminates such noise almost fully. We obtain F_{tube}< 0.03 for the intrinsic Fano factor of our MWNTs.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we have investigated shot noise in multiterminal diffusive multiwalled carbon nanotubes mwnts at 42 k over the frequency f 600 850 mhz quantitative comparison of our data to semiclassical theory based on nonequilibrium distribution functions indicates that a major part of the noise is caused by a nonequilibrium state imposed by the contacts our data exhibits nonlocal shot noise across weakly transmitting contacts while a lowimpedance contact eliminates such noise almost fully we obtain f_tube 003 for the intrinsic fano factor of our mwnts
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706.2659
Selection and identity rules for subductions of type A quantum Iwahori-Hecke algebras
This paper is concerned with the subduction problem of type A quantum Iwahori-Hecke algebras $\mathbb{C} \mathbf{H}(\mathfrak{S}_f,q^2)$ with a real deformation parameter $q$, i.e. the problem of decomposing irreducible representations of such algebras as direct sum of irreducible representations of the subalgebras $\mathbb{C}\mathbf{H}(\mathfrak{S}_{f_1}, q^2) \times \mathbb{C}\mathbf{H}(\mathfrak{S}_{f_2}, q^2)$, with $f_1 + f_2 = f$. After giving a suitable combinatorial description for the subduction issue, we provide a selection rule, based on the Richardson-Littlewood criterion, which allows to determine the vanishing coupling coefficients between standard basis vectors for such representations, and we also present an equivariance condition for the subduction coefficients. Such results extend those ones corresponding to the subduction problem in symmetric group algebras $\mathbb{C}\mathfrak{S}_f \downarrow \mathbb{C}\mathfrak{S}_{f_1} \times \mathbb{C} \mathfrak{S}_{f_2}$ which are obtained by $q$ approaching the value 1.
math-ph hep-th math.MP
this paper is concerned with the subduction problem of type a quantum iwahorihecke algebras mathbbc mathbfhmathfraks_fq2 with a real deformation parameter q ie the problem of decomposing irreducible representations of such algebras as direct sum of irreducible representations of the subalgebras mathbbcmathbfhmathfraks_f_1 q2 times mathbbcmathbfhmathfraks_f_2 q2 with f_1 f_2 f after giving a suitable combinatorial description for the subduction issue we provide a selection rule based on the richardsonlittlewood criterion which allows to determine the vanishing coupling coefficients between standard basis vectors for such representations and we also present an equivariance condition for the subduction coefficients such results extend those ones corresponding to the subduction problem in symmetric group algebras mathbbcmathfraks_f downarrow mathbbcmathfraks_f_1 times mathbbc mathfraks_f_2 which are obtained by q approaching the value 1
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706.266
Stability of half-quantum vorticies in p_x+ip_y superconductors
We consider the stability conditions for half-quantum vortices in quasi two dimensional $p_x+ip_y$ superconductor (such as ${\rm Sr_2 RuO_4}$ is believed to be) through energetics calculations. Although the predicted exotic nature of these excitations have recently attracted much attention but they have not been observed yet. We pay particular attention to the fact that an isolated half quantum vortex has a divergent energy cost in the bulk due to the associated {\it unscreened} spin current, which requires two half-quantum vortices with opposite spin winding to pair. We show that the stability of such a pair in bulk is enhanced when the ratio of spin superfluid density to superfluid density $\rho_{{\rm sp}}/\rho_{\rm s}$ is small. As a step towards stabilizing and observing these exotic excitations, we propose using various mesoscopic geometries. We find that certain mesoscopic geometries can selectively allow only single half-quantum vortices to enter the sample for small $\rho_{{\rm sp}}/\rho_{\rm s}$.
cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.str-el
we consider the stability conditions for halfquantum vortices in quasi two dimensional p_xip_y superconductor such as rm sr_2 ruo_4 is believed to be through energetics calculations although the predicted exotic nature of these excitations have recently attracted much attention but they have not been observed yet we pay particular attention to the fact that an isolated half quantum vortex has a divergent energy cost in the bulk due to the associated it unscreened spin current which requires two halfquantum vortices with opposite spin winding to pair we show that the stability of such a pair in bulk is enhanced when the ratio of spin superfluid density to superfluid density rho_rm sprho_rm s is small as a step towards stabilizing and observing these exotic excitations we propose using various mesoscopic geometries we find that certain mesoscopic geometries can selectively allow only single halfquantum vortices to enter the sample for small rho_rm sprho_rm s
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706.2661
Einstein, incompleteness, and the epistemic view of quantum states
Does the quantum state represent reality or our knowledge of reality? In making this distinction precise, we are led to a novel classification of hidden variable models of quantum theory. Indeed, representatives of each class can be found among existing constructions for two-dimensional Hilbert spaces. Our approach also provides a fruitful new perspective on arguments for the nonlocality and incompleteness of quantum theory. Specifically, we show that for models wherein the quantum state has the status of something real, the failure of locality can be established through an argument considerably more straightforward than Bell's theorem. The historical significance of this result becomes evident when one recognizes that the same reasoning is present in Einstein's preferred argument for incompleteness, which dates back to 1935. This fact suggests that Einstein was seeking not just any completion of quantum theory, but one wherein quantum states are solely representative of our knowledge. Our hypothesis is supported by an analysis of Einstein's attempts to clarify his views on quantum theory and the circumstance of his otherwise puzzling abandonment of an even simpler argument for incompleteness from 1927.
quant-ph
does the quantum state represent reality or our knowledge of reality in making this distinction precise we are led to a novel classification of hidden variable models of quantum theory indeed representatives of each class can be found among existing constructions for twodimensional hilbert spaces our approach also provides a fruitful new perspective on arguments for the nonlocality and incompleteness of quantum theory specifically we show that for models wherein the quantum state has the status of something real the failure of locality can be established through an argument considerably more straightforward than bells theorem the historical significance of this result becomes evident when one recognizes that the same reasoning is present in einsteins preferred argument for incompleteness which dates back to 1935 this fact suggests that einstein was seeking not just any completion of quantum theory but one wherein quantum states are solely representative of our knowledge our hypothesis is supported by an analysis of einsteins attempts to clarify his views on quantum theory and the circumstance of his otherwise puzzling abandonment of an even simpler argument for incompleteness from 1927
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706.2662
On the stabilization of ion sputtered surfaces
The classical theory of ion beam sputtering predicts the instability of a flat surface to uniform ion irradiation at any incidence angle. We relax the assumption of the classical theory that the average surface erosion rate is determined by a Gaussian response function representing the effect of the collision cascade and consider the surface dynamics for other physically-motivated response functions. We show that although instability of flat surfaces at any beam angle results from all Gaussian and a wide class of non-Gaussian erosive response functions, there exist classes of modifications to the response that can have a dramatic effect. In contrast to the classical theory, these types of response render the flat surface linearly stable, while imperceptibly modifying the predicted sputter yield vs. incidence angle. We discuss the possibility that such corrections underlie recent reports of a ``window of stability'' of ion-bombarded surfaces at a range of beam angles for certain ion and surface types, and describe some characteristic aspects of pattern evolution near the transition from unstable to stable dynamics. We point out that careful analysis of the transition regime may provide valuable tests for the consistency of any theory of pattern formation on ion sputtered surfaces.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.other
the classical theory of ion beam sputtering predicts the instability of a flat surface to uniform ion irradiation at any incidence angle we relax the assumption of the classical theory that the average surface erosion rate is determined by a gaussian response function representing the effect of the collision cascade and consider the surface dynamics for other physicallymotivated response functions we show that although instability of flat surfaces at any beam angle results from all gaussian and a wide class of nongaussian erosive response functions there exist classes of modifications to the response that can have a dramatic effect in contrast to the classical theory these types of response render the flat surface linearly stable while imperceptibly modifying the predicted sputter yield vs incidence angle we discuss the possibility that such corrections underlie recent reports of a window of stability of ionbombarded surfaces at a range of beam angles for certain ion and surface types and describe some characteristic aspects of pattern evolution near the transition from unstable to stable dynamics we point out that careful analysis of the transition regime may provide valuable tests for the consistency of any theory of pattern formation on ion sputtered surfaces
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706.2663
Chandra ACIS Survey of M33 (ChASeM33): X-ray Imaging Spectroscopy of M33SNR21, the Brightest X-ray Supernova Remnant in M33
We present and interpret new X-ray data for M33SNR21, the brightest X-ray supernova remnant (SNR) in M33. The SNR is in seen projection against (and appears to be interacting with) the bright HII region NGC592. Data for this source were obtained as part of the Chandra ACIS Survey of M33 (ChASeM33) Very Large Project. The nearly on-axis Chandra data resolve the SNR into a ~5" diameter (20 pc at our assumed M33 distance of 817+/-58 kpc) slightly elliptical shell. The shell is brighter in the east, which suggests that it is encountering higher density material in that direction. The optical emission is coextensive with the X-ray shell in the north, but extends well beyond the X-ray rim in the southwest. Modeling the X-ray spectrum with an absorbed sedov model yields a shock temperature of 0.46(+0.01,-0.02) keV, an ionization timescale of n_e t = $2.1 (+0.2,-0.3) \times 10^{12}$ cm$^{-3}$ s, and half-solar abundances (0.45 (+0.12, -0.09)). Assuming Sedov dynamics gives an average preshock H density of 1.7 +/- 0.3 cm$^{-3}$. The dynamical age estimate is 6500 +/- 600 yr, while the best fit $n_e t$ value and derived $n_e$ gives 8200 +/- 1700 yr; the weighted mean of the age estimates is 7600 +/- 600 yr. We estimate an X-ray luminosity (0.25-4.5 keV) of (1.2 +/- 0.2) times $10^{37}$ ergs s$^{-1}$ (absorbed), and (1.7 +/- 0.3) times $10^{37}$ ergs s$^{-1}$ (unabsorbed), in good agreement with the recent XMM-Newton determination. No significant excess hard emission was detected; the luminosity $\le 1.2\times 10^{35}$ ergs s$^{-1}$ (2-8 keV) for any hard point source.
astro-ph
we present and interpret new xray data for m33snr21 the brightest xray supernova remnant snr in m33 the snr is in seen projection against and appears to be interacting with the bright hii region ngc592 data for this source were obtained as part of the chandra acis survey of m33 chasem33 very large project the nearly onaxis chandra data resolve the snr into a 5 diameter 20 pc at our assumed m33 distance of 81758 kpc slightly elliptical shell the shell is brighter in the east which suggests that it is encountering higher density material in that direction the optical emission is coextensive with the xray shell in the north but extends well beyond the xray rim in the southwest modeling the xray spectrum with an absorbed sedov model yields a shock temperature of 046001002 kev an ionization timescale of n_e t 21 0203 times 1012 cm3 s and halfsolar abundances 045 012 009 assuming sedov dynamics gives an average preshock h density of 17 03 cm3 the dynamical age estimate is 6500 600 yr while the best fit n_e t value and derived n_e gives 8200 1700 yr the weighted mean of the age estimates is 7600 600 yr we estimate an xray luminosity 02545 kev of 12 02 times 1037 ergs s1 absorbed and 17 03 times 1037 ergs s1 unabsorbed in good agreement with the recent xmmnewton determination no significant excess hard emission was detected the luminosity le 12times 1035 ergs s1 28 kev for any hard point source
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706.2664
On the connected component of compact composition operators on the Hardy space
We show that there exist non-compact composition operators in the connected component of the compact ones on the classical Hardy space $H^2$ on the unit disc. This answers a question posed by Shapiro and Sundberg in 1990. We also establish an improved version of a theorem of MacCluer, giving a lower bound for the essential norm of a difference of composition operators in terms of the angular derivatives of their symbols. As a main tool we use Aleksandrov-Clark measures.
math.FA math.CV
we show that there exist noncompact composition operators in the connected component of the compact ones on the classical hardy space h2 on the unit disc this answers a question posed by shapiro and sundberg in 1990 we also establish an improved version of a theorem of maccluer giving a lower bound for the essential norm of a difference of composition operators in terms of the angular derivatives of their symbols as a main tool we use aleksandrovclark measures
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706.2665
Higgs Pair Production at the LHC in Models with Universal Extra Dimensions
In this letter we study the process of gluon fusion into a pair of Higgs bosons in a model with one universal extra dimension. We find that the contributions from the extra top quark Kaluza-Klein excitations lead to a Higgs pair production cross section at the LHC that can be significantly altered compared to the Standard Model value for small values of the compactification scale.
hep-ph
in this letter we study the process of gluon fusion into a pair of higgs bosons in a model with one universal extra dimension we find that the contributions from the extra top quark kaluzaklein excitations lead to a higgs pair production cross section at the lhc that can be significantly altered compared to the standard model value for small values of the compactification scale
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706.2666
On singular cubic surfaces
We study global log canonical thresholds of cubic surfaces with canonical singularities, and we prove the existence of a Kahler-Einstein metric on two singular cubic surfaces.
math.AG math.DG
we study global log canonical thresholds of cubic surfaces with canonical singularities and we prove the existence of a kahlereinstein metric on two singular cubic surfaces
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706.2667
Longitudinal double spin asymmetry in jet production at STAR
We present recent measurements of the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry A_LL for the inclusive production of jets at midrapidity in polarized proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s)=200GeV. The data amount to an integrated luminosity of 3pb-1 and were collected with the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider during the year 2005 with average beam polarizations of about 50%. The ALL measurements cover jet transverse momenta 5 < pT < 30 GeV/c expanding the pT coverage over previously published data. The results will be compared with perturbative QCD evaluations and shown to provide sensitive constraints on the gluon spin contribution to the nucleon spin.
hep-ex
we present recent measurements of the longitudinal doublespin asymmetry a_ll for the inclusive production of jets at midrapidity in polarized protonproton collisions at sqrts200gev the data amount to an integrated luminosity of 3pb1 and were collected with the star detector at the relativistic heavy ion collider during the year 2005 with average beam polarizations of about 50 the all measurements cover jet transverse momenta 5 pt 30 gevc expanding the pt coverage over previously published data the results will be compared with perturbative qcd evaluations and shown to provide sensitive constraints on the gluon spin contribution to the nucleon spin
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706.2668
A jelly model for a ball of an extremely hot plasma
A simple model is applied to study a high temperature rather dense plasma ball. It is assumed that the ions and delocalized electrons are distributed uniformly throughout the ball, and extra/missing charge is found in a thin layer on the surface of a ball. It is shown in the framework of this model that regarded plasma ball can be relatively stable as a metastable state. Calculations show that electrostatic forces, repulsive forces between the ions, and atmospheric pressure can provide stability of a plasma ball. Presented model could be useful to understand the nature of a ball lightning.
physics.plasm-ph physics.ao-ph
a simple model is applied to study a high temperature rather dense plasma ball it is assumed that the ions and delocalized electrons are distributed uniformly throughout the ball and extramissing charge is found in a thin layer on the surface of a ball it is shown in the framework of this model that regarded plasma ball can be relatively stable as a metastable state calculations show that electrostatic forces repulsive forces between the ions and atmospheric pressure can provide stability of a plasma ball presented model could be useful to understand the nature of a ball lightning
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706.2669
A search for possible anisotropies of cosmic rays with 0.1<E<10 EeV in the region of the Galactic Centre
We present updated results for anisotropy searches in the direction of the Galactic Center (GC) at energies in the ranges: 0.1<E<1 EeV and 1<E<10 EeV. We use data from the Pierre Auger Observatory up to March, 2007. Present analyzes are therefore based on a substantially larger data set than our previous published results. A limit on the flux coming from a hypothetical point-like neutron source at the GC for 1<E<10 EeV was imposed, and searches for extended excesses were also performed.
astro-ph
we present updated results for anisotropy searches in the direction of the galactic center gc at energies in the ranges 01e1 eev and 1e10 eev we use data from the pierre auger observatory up to march 2007 present analyzes are therefore based on a substantially larger data set than our previous published results a limit on the flux coming from a hypothetical pointlike neutron source at the gc for 1e10 eev was imposed and searches for extended excesses were also performed
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706.267
Correlation Functions of Asymmetric Real Matrices
We give a closed form for the correlation functions of ensembles of asymmetric real matrices in terms of the Pfaffian of an antisymmetric matrix formed from a $2 \times 2$ matrix kernel associated to the ensemble. We also derive closed forms for the matrix kernel and correlation functions for Ginibre's real ensemble.
math-ph math.MP
we give a closed form for the correlation functions of ensembles of asymmetric real matrices in terms of the pfaffian of an antisymmetric matrix formed from a 2 times 2 matrix kernel associated to the ensemble we also derive closed forms for the matrix kernel and correlation functions for ginibres real ensemble
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706.2671
Monte Carlo Simulations of an Extended Feynman-Kikuchi Model
We present Quantum Monte Carlo simulations of a generalization of the Feynman-Kikuchi model which includes the possibility of vacancies and interactions between the particles undergoing exchange. By measuring the winding number (superfluid density) and density structure factor, we determine the phase diagram, and show that it exhibits regions which possess both superfluid and charge ordering.
cond-mat.stat-mech
we present quantum monte carlo simulations of a generalization of the feynmankikuchi model which includes the possibility of vacancies and interactions between the particles undergoing exchange by measuring the winding number superfluid density and density structure factor we determine the phase diagram and show that it exhibits regions which possess both superfluid and charge ordering
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706.2672
Using Three-Body Recombination to Extract Electron Temperatures of Ultracold Plasmas
Three-body recombination, an important collisional process in plasmas, increases dramatically at low electron temperatures, with an accepted scaling of T_e^-9/2. We measure three-body recombination in an ultracold neutral xenon plasma by detecting recombination-created Rydberg atoms using a microwave-ionization technique. With the accepted theory (expected to be applicable for weakly-coupled plasmas) and our measured rates we extract the plasma temperatures, which are in reasonable agreement with previous measurements early in the plasma lifetime. The resulting electron temperatures indicate that the plasma continues to cool to temperatures below 1 K.
physics.atom-ph physics.plasm-ph
threebody recombination an important collisional process in plasmas increases dramatically at low electron temperatures with an accepted scaling of t_e92 we measure threebody recombination in an ultracold neutral xenon plasma by detecting recombinationcreated rydberg atoms using a microwaveionization technique with the accepted theory expected to be applicable for weaklycoupled plasmas and our measured rates we extract the plasma temperatures which are in reasonable agreement with previous measurements early in the plasma lifetime the resulting electron temperatures indicate that the plasma continues to cool to temperatures below 1 k
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706.2673
Le th\'eor\`eme de Riemann-Roch et ses applications
The Riemann-Roch theorem is of utmost importance in the algebraic geometric theory of compact Riemann surfaces. It tells us how many linearly independent meromorphic functions there are having certain restrictions on their poles. The aim of this article is to present a simple direct proof of this theorem and explore some of its numerous consequences. We also give an analytic proof of the Riemann-Hurwitz formula. As an application, we compute the genus of some interesting algebraic curves.
math.CV math.AG
the riemannroch theorem is of utmost importance in the algebraic geometric theory of compact riemann surfaces it tells us how many linearly independent meromorphic functions there are having certain restrictions on their poles the aim of this article is to present a simple direct proof of this theorem and explore some of its numerous consequences we also give an analytic proof of the riemannhurwitz formula as an application we compute the genus of some interesting algebraic curves
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706.2674
The Lorenz number in CeCoIn$_5$ inferred from the thermal and charge Hall currents
The thermal Hall conductivity $\kappa_{xy}$ and Hall conductivity $\sigma_{xy}$ in CeCoIn$_5$ are used to determine the Lorenz number ${\cal L}_H$ at low temperature $T$. This enables the separation of the observed thermal conductivity into its electronic and non-electronic parts. We uncover evidence for a charge-neutral, field-dependent thermal conductivity, which we identify with spin excitations. At low $T$, these excitations dominate the scattering of charge carriers. We show that suppression of the spin excitations in high fields leads to a steep enhancement of the electron mean-free-path, which leads to an interesting scaling relation between the magnetoresistance, thermal conductivity and $\sigma_{xy}$.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.supr-con
the thermal hall conductivity kappa_xy and hall conductivity sigma_xy in cecoin_5 are used to determine the lorenz number cal l_h at low temperature t this enables the separation of the observed thermal conductivity into its electronic and nonelectronic parts we uncover evidence for a chargeneutral fielddependent thermal conductivity which we identify with spin excitations at low t these excitations dominate the scattering of charge carriers we show that suppression of the spin excitations in high fields leads to a steep enhancement of the electron meanfreepath which leads to an interesting scaling relation between the magnetoresistance thermal conductivity and sigma_xy
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706.2675
Optical vortices with starlight: Implications for ground-based stellar coronagraphy
Using an l = 1 blazed fork-hologram at the focal plane of the Asiago 122 cm telescope, we obtained optical vortices from the stellar system Rasalgethi (alpha Herculis) and from the single star Arcturus (alpha Bootis). We have analyzed the structure of the optical vortices obtained from non-monochromatic starlight under very poor seeing conditions using a fast CCD camera to obtain speckle patterns and carry out the lucky imaging technique, alternative to adaptive optics. With the insertion of a red filter and of a Lyot stop we performed l = 1 optical vortex coronography the double star HD74010. The results are in agreement with theory and numerical simulations. Our results open the way to applications of optical vortices to ground based astronomical observations, in particular for coronagraphy with l > 1 masks. No intrinsic orbital angular momentum was detected in the starlight.
physics.optics astro-ph physics.ins-det
using an l 1 blazed forkhologram at the focal plane of the asiago 122 cm telescope we obtained optical vortices from the stellar system rasalgethi alpha herculis and from the single star arcturus alpha bootis we have analyzed the structure of the optical vortices obtained from nonmonochromatic starlight under very poor seeing conditions using a fast ccd camera to obtain speckle patterns and carry out the lucky imaging technique alternative to adaptive optics with the insertion of a red filter and of a lyot stop we performed l 1 optical vortex coronography the double star hd74010 the results are in agreement with theory and numerical simulations our results open the way to applications of optical vortices to ground based astronomical observations in particular for coronagraphy with l 1 masks no intrinsic orbital angular momentum was detected in the starlight
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706.2676
D-term chaotic inflation in supergravity
Even though the chaotic inflation is one of the most popular inflation models for its simple dynamics and compelling resolutions to the initial condition problems, its realization in supergravity has been considered a challenging task. We discuss how the chaotic inflation dominated by the D-term can be induced in supergravity, which would give a new perspective on the inflation model building in supergravity.
hep-ph astro-ph hep-th
even though the chaotic inflation is one of the most popular inflation models for its simple dynamics and compelling resolutions to the initial condition problems its realization in supergravity has been considered a challenging task we discuss how the chaotic inflation dominated by the dterm can be induced in supergravity which would give a new perspective on the inflation model building in supergravity
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706.2677
Unparticles: Scales and High Energy Probes
Unparticles from hidden conformal sectors provide qualitatively new possibilities for physics beyond the standard model. In the theoretical framework of minimal models, we clarify the relation between energy scales entering various phenomenological analyses. We show that these relations always counteract the effective field theory intuition that higher dimension operators are more highly suppressed, and that the requirement of a significant conformal window places strong constraints on possible unparticle signals. With these considerations in mind, we examine some of the most robust and sensitive probes and explore novel effects of unparticles on gauge coupling evolution and fermion production at high energy colliders. These constraints are presented both as bounds on four-fermion interaction scales and as constraints on the fundamental parameter space of minimal models.
hep-ph hep-ex
unparticles from hidden conformal sectors provide qualitatively new possibilities for physics beyond the standard model in the theoretical framework of minimal models we clarify the relation between energy scales entering various phenomenological analyses we show that these relations always counteract the effective field theory intuition that higher dimension operators are more highly suppressed and that the requirement of a significant conformal window places strong constraints on possible unparticle signals with these considerations in mind we examine some of the most robust and sensitive probes and explore novel effects of unparticles on gauge coupling evolution and fermion production at high energy colliders these constraints are presented both as bounds on fourfermion interaction scales and as constraints on the fundamental parameter space of minimal models
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706.2678
CP-violation and unitarity triangle test of the Standard Model
Phenomenological issues of the CP violation in the quark sector of the Standard Model are discussed. We consider quark mixing in the SM, standard and Wolfenstein parametrization of the $CKM$ mixing matrix and unitarity triangle. We discuss the phenomenology of the CP violation in $K^{0}_{L}$ and $B_{d}^{0} (\bar B_{d}^{0})$-decays. The standard unitarity triangle fit of the existing data is discussed. In appendix A we compare the $K^{0}\leftrightarrows \bar K^{0}$, $B_{d,s}^{0}\leftrightarrows \bar B^{0}_{d,s}$ etc oscillations with neutrino oscillations. In Appendix B we derive the evolution equation for $M^{0}- \bar M^{0}$ system in the Weisskopf-Wigner approximation.
hep-ph
phenomenological issues of the cp violation in the quark sector of the standard model are discussed we consider quark mixing in the sm standard and wolfenstein parametrization of the ckm mixing matrix and unitarity triangle we discuss the phenomenology of the cp violation in k0_l and b_d0 bar b_d0decays the standard unitarity triangle fit of the existing data is discussed in appendix a we compare the k0leftrightarrows bar k0 b_ds0leftrightarrows bar b0_ds etc oscillations with neutrino oscillations in appendix b we derive the evolution equation for m0 bar m0 system in the weisskopfwigner approximation
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706.2679
Bounds on the concentration function in terms of Diophantine approximation
We demonstrate a simple analytic argument that may be used to bound the Levy concentration function of a sum of independent random variables. The main application is a version of a recent inequality due to Rudelson and Vershynin, and its multidimensional generalisation.
math.PR
we demonstrate a simple analytic argument that may be used to bound the levy concentration function of a sum of independent random variables the main application is a version of a recent inequality due to rudelson and vershynin and its multidimensional generalisation
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706.268
BPS Explained I: Temperature Relaxation in a Plasma
This is the first of two lectures on a new powerful technique employed by Brown, Preston, and Singleton (BPS) to calculate transport quantities in a plasma. This exposition will be self-contained and intended for those who are not specialists in quantum field theory, where the technique of dimensional continuation exploited by BPS first arose. The method is highlighted by the interesting analogy between the Coulomb logarithm of Lyman Spitzer on the one hand, and the Lamb shift as calculated by Hans Bethe on the other. BPS employed the method in a novel way that provides the leading and subleading behavior for processes with competing disparate length or energy scales. They calculated the temperature equilibration rate to leading and next-to-leading order in the plasma number density for any two species in a plasma that are in thermal equilibrium with themselves, but not necessarily with each other. A special case of this calculation is the electron-ion temperature equilibration rate. It should be emphasized that the BPS result is not a model, but rather it is an exact calculation of the leading terms in a well-defined perturbation theory. This exact result differs from approximations and models given in the literature.
physics.plasm-ph hep-ph hep-th
this is the first of two lectures on a new powerful technique employed by brown preston and singleton bps to calculate transport quantities in a plasma this exposition will be selfcontained and intended for those who are not specialists in quantum field theory where the technique of dimensional continuation exploited by bps first arose the method is highlighted by the interesting analogy between the coulomb logarithm of lyman spitzer on the one hand and the lamb shift as calculated by hans bethe on the other bps employed the method in a novel way that provides the leading and subleading behavior for processes with competing disparate length or energy scales they calculated the temperature equilibration rate to leading and nexttoleading order in the plasma number density for any two species in a plasma that are in thermal equilibrium with themselves but not necessarily with each other a special case of this calculation is the electronion temperature equilibration rate it should be emphasized that the bps result is not a model but rather it is an exact calculation of the leading terms in a welldefined perturbation theory this exact result differs from approximations and models given in the literature
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706.2681
Enhancing Mixing and Diffusion with Plastic Flow
We use numerical simulations to examine two-dimensional particle mixtures that strongly phase separate in equilibrium. When the system is externally driven in the presence of quenched disorder, plastic flow occurs in the form of meandering and strongly mixing channels. In some cases this can produce a fast and complete mixing of previously segregated particle species, as well as an enhancement of transverse diffusion even in the absence of thermal fluctuations. We map the mixing phase diagram as a function of external driving and quenched disorder parameters.
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.soft
we use numerical simulations to examine twodimensional particle mixtures that strongly phase separate in equilibrium when the system is externally driven in the presence of quenched disorder plastic flow occurs in the form of meandering and strongly mixing channels in some cases this can produce a fast and complete mixing of previously segregated particle species as well as an enhancement of transverse diffusion even in the absence of thermal fluctuations we map the mixing phase diagram as a function of external driving and quenched disorder parameters
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706.2682
A unified description of diffractive deep inelastic scattering with saturation
We propose a new description of inclusive diffraction in deep inelastic scattering (DIS). The diffractive structure functions are expressed in the dipole picture and contain heavy-quark contributions. The dipole scattering amplitude, a saturation model fitted on inclusive DIS data, features a saturation scale Q_s(x) larger than 1 GeV for x=10^{-5}. The q\bar{q}g contribution to the diffractive final state is modeled in such a way that both the large-Q^2 and small-beta limits are implemented. In the regime xpom<0.01 in which saturation is expected to be relevant, we obtain a parameter-free description of the HERA data with chi^2/points=1.2.
hep-ph
we propose a new description of inclusive diffraction in deep inelastic scattering dis the diffractive structure functions are expressed in the dipole picture and contain heavyquark contributions the dipole scattering amplitude a saturation model fitted on inclusive dis data features a saturation scale q_sx larger than 1 gev for x105 the qbarqg contribution to the diffractive final state is modeled in such a way that both the largeq2 and smallbeta limits are implemented in the regime xpom001 in which saturation is expected to be relevant we obtain a parameterfree description of the hera data with chi2points12
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706.2683
Calibration of the Relationship between Precipitable Water Vapor and 225 GHz Atmospheric Opacity via Optical Echelle Spectroscopy at Las Campanas Observatory
We report precipitable water vapor (PWV) measurements made at Las Campanas Observatory using optical spectra of H2O lines obtained with the Magellan echelle spectrograph, and calculated using a robust technique that is accurate to 5-10%. Calibration of the relationship between our PWV measurements and opacity values at 225 GHz was made possible by simultaneous tipping radiometer observations. Based on this calibration, we present Las Campanas Observatory winter-time precipitable water vapor statistics, measured using the tipping radiometer, during a two month campaign. The median value of 2.8 +- 0.3 mm is consistent with that measured at the nearby La Silla Observatory during the VLT site survey. We conclude that, in the Southern hemisphere winter months, we can expect good conditions for infrared observing (<~1.5 mm) approximately 10% of the time at Las Campanas Observatory.
astro-ph
we report precipitable water vapor pwv measurements made at las campanas observatory using optical spectra of h2o lines obtained with the magellan echelle spectrograph and calculated using a robust technique that is accurate to 510 calibration of the relationship between our pwv measurements and opacity values at 225 ghz was made possible by simultaneous tipping radiometer observations based on this calibration we present las campanas observatory wintertime precipitable water vapor statistics measured using the tipping radiometer during a two month campaign the median value of 28 03 mm is consistent with that measured at the nearby la silla observatory during the vlt site survey we conclude that in the southern hemisphere winter months we can expect good conditions for infrared observing 15 mm approximately 10 of the time at las campanas observatory
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706.2684
Unzipping Vortices in Type-II Superconductors
The unzipping of vortex lines using magnetic-force microscopy from extended defects is studied theoretically. We study both the unzipping isolated vortex from common defects, such as columnar pins and twin-planes, and the unzipping of a vortex from a plane in the presence of other vortices. We show, using analytic and numerical methods, that the universal properties of the unzipping transition of a single vortex depend only on the dimensionality of the defect in the presence and absence of disorder. For the unzipping of a vortex from a plane populated with many vortices is shown to be very sensitive to the properties of the vortices in the two-dimensional plane. In particular such unzipping experiments can be used to measure the ``Luttinger liquid parameter'' of the vortices in the plane. In addition we suggest a method for measuring the line tension of the vortex directly using the experiments.
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.soft cond-mat.supr-con
the unzipping of vortex lines using magneticforce microscopy from extended defects is studied theoretically we study both the unzipping isolated vortex from common defects such as columnar pins and twinplanes and the unzipping of a vortex from a plane in the presence of other vortices we show using analytic and numerical methods that the universal properties of the unzipping transition of a single vortex depend only on the dimensionality of the defect in the presence and absence of disorder for the unzipping of a vortex from a plane populated with many vortices is shown to be very sensitive to the properties of the vortices in the twodimensional plane in particular such unzipping experiments can be used to measure the luttinger liquid parameter of the vortices in the plane in addition we suggest a method for measuring the line tension of the vortex directly using the experiments
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706.2685
Structure of potentials with $N$ Higgs doublets
Extensions of the Standard Model with $N$ Higgs doublets are simple extensions presenting a rich mathematical structure. An underlying Minkowski structure emerges from the study of both variable space and parameter space. The former can be completely parametrized in terms of two future lightlike Minkowski vectors with spatial parts forming an angle whose cosine is $-(N-1)^{-1}$. For the parameter space, the Minkowski parametrization enables one to impose sufficient conditions for bounded below potentials, characterize certain classes of local minima and distinguish charge breaking vacua from neutral vacua. A particular class of neutral minima presents a degenerate mass spectrum for the physical charged Higgs bosons.
hep-ph hep-th math-ph math.MP
extensions of the standard model with n higgs doublets are simple extensions presenting a rich mathematical structure an underlying minkowski structure emerges from the study of both variable space and parameter space the former can be completely parametrized in terms of two future lightlike minkowski vectors with spatial parts forming an angle whose cosine is n11 for the parameter space the minkowski parametrization enables one to impose sufficient conditions for bounded below potentials characterize certain classes of local minima and distinguish charge breaking vacua from neutral vacua a particular class of neutral minima presents a degenerate mass spectrum for the physical charged higgs bosons
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706.2686
Singular Loci of Hibi toric varieties
We first construct explicit bases for the cotangent spaces at singular points on Hibi toric varieties, i.e., toric varieties associated to distributive lattices. We then determine the singular loci of these toric varieties.
math.AG
we first construct explicit bases for the cotangent spaces at singular points on hibi toric varieties ie toric varieties associated to distributive lattices we then determine the singular loci of these toric varieties
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706.2687
The Luminosity Function of the Milky Way Satellites
We quantify the detectability of stellar Milky Way satellites in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 5. We show that the effective search volumes for the recently discovered SDSS--satellites depend strongly on their luminosity, with their maximum distance, $D_{max}$, substantially smaller than the Milky Way halo's virial radius. Calculating the maximum accessible volume, $V_{max}$, for all faint detected satellites, allows the calculation of the luminosity function for Milky Way satellite galaxies, accounting quantitatively for their detectability. We find that the number density of satellite galaxies continues to rise towards low luminosities, but may flatten at $M_V \sim -5$; within the uncertainties, the luminosity function can be described by a single power law $dN/dM_{V}= 10 \times 10^{0.1 (M_V+5)}$, spanning luminosities from $M_V=-2$ all the way to the luminosity of the Large Magellanic Cloud. Comparing these results to several semi-analytic galaxy formation models, we find that their predictions differ significantly from the data: either the shape of the luminosity function, or the surface brightness distributions of the models, do not match.
astro-ph
we quantify the detectability of stellar milky way satellites in the sloan digital sky survey sdss data release 5 we show that the effective search volumes for the recently discovered sdsssatellites depend strongly on their luminosity with their maximum distance d_max substantially smaller than the milky way halos virial radius calculating the maximum accessible volume v_max for all faint detected satellites allows the calculation of the luminosity function for milky way satellite galaxies accounting quantitatively for their detectability we find that the number density of satellite galaxies continues to rise towards low luminosities but may flatten at m_v sim 5 within the uncertainties the luminosity function can be described by a single power law dndm_v 10 times 1001 m_v5 spanning luminosities from m_v2 all the way to the luminosity of the large magellanic cloud comparing these results to several semianalytic galaxy formation models we find that their predictions differ significantly from the data either the shape of the luminosity function or the surface brightness distributions of the models do not match
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706.2688
Proximity effects induced by a gold layer on La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 thin films
We report about La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 single crystal manganite thin films in interaction with a gold capping layer. With respect to uncoated manganite layers of the same thickness, Au-capped 4 nm-thick manganite films reveal a dramatic reduction (about 185 K) of the Curie temperature TC and a lower saturation low-temperature magnetization M0. A sizeable TC reduction (about 60 K) is observed even when an inert SrTiO3 layer is inserted between the gold film and the 4 nm-thick manganite layer, suggesting that this effect might have an electrostatic origin.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
we report about la067sr033mno3 single crystal manganite thin films in interaction with a gold capping layer with respect to uncoated manganite layers of the same thickness aucapped 4 nmthick manganite films reveal a dramatic reduction about 185 k of the curie temperature tc and a lower saturation lowtemperature magnetization m0 a sizeable tc reduction about 60 k is observed even when an inert srtio3 layer is inserted between the gold film and the 4 nmthick manganite layer suggesting that this effect might have an electrostatic origin
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706.2689
Long-range forces between two excited mercury atoms and associative ionization
The long-range quadrupole-quadrupole ($\sim R^{-5}$) and leading dispersion ($\sim R^{-6}$) interactions between all pairs of excited Hg($6s6p$) $^3P_0$, $^3P_1$, $^3P_2$, and $^1P_1$ atoms are determined. The quadrupole moments are calculated using the {\it ab initio} relativistic configuration-interaction method coupled with many-body perturbation theory. The van der Waals coefficients are approximated using previously calculated static polarizabilities and expressions for the dispersion energy that are validated with similar systems. The long-range interactions are critical for associative ionization in thermal and cold collisions, and are found to be quite different for different pairs of interacting states. Based on this knowledge and the short-range parts of previously calculated potential curves, improved estimates of the chemi-ionization cross sections are obtained.
physics.atom-ph
the longrange quadrupolequadrupole sim r5 and leading dispersion sim r6 interactions between all pairs of excited hg6s6p 3p_0 3p_1 3p_2 and 1p_1 atoms are determined the quadrupole moments are calculated using the it ab initio relativistic configurationinteraction method coupled with manybody perturbation theory the van der waals coefficients are approximated using previously calculated static polarizabilities and expressions for the dispersion energy that are validated with similar systems the longrange interactions are critical for associative ionization in thermal and cold collisions and are found to be quite different for different pairs of interacting states based on this knowledge and the shortrange parts of previously calculated potential curves improved estimates of the chemiionization cross sections are obtained
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706.269
Hydromagnetic Instability in plane Couette Flow
We study the stability of a compressible magnetic plane Couette flow and show that compressibility profoundly alters the stability properties if the magnetic field has a component perpendicular to the direction of flow. The necessary condition of a newly found instability can be satisfied in a wide variety of flows in laboratory and astrophysical conditions. The instability can operate even in a very strong magnetic field which entirely suppresses other MHD instabilities. The growth time of this instability can be rather short and reach $\sim 10$ shear timescales.
astro-ph
we study the stability of a compressible magnetic plane couette flow and show that compressibility profoundly alters the stability properties if the magnetic field has a component perpendicular to the direction of flow the necessary condition of a newly found instability can be satisfied in a wide variety of flows in laboratory and astrophysical conditions the instability can operate even in a very strong magnetic field which entirely suppresses other mhd instabilities the growth time of this instability can be rather short and reach sim 10 shear timescales
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706.2691
Logarithmic growth law in the two-dimensional Ising spin glass state resulting from the electron doping in single-layered manganites
The ac-susceptibility of the electron doped single-layered manganite La$_{1.1}$Sr$_{0.9}$MnO$_4$ is analyzed in detail. A quasi two-dimensional (2$D$) antiferromagnetic (AFM) order with Ising anisotropy is stabilized below $T_N$ $\sim$ 80K. We show that below $T_N$, a rare 2$D$ spin-glass (SG) correlation develops with the same Ising anisotropy as the AFM state. Using simple scaling arguments of the droplet model, we derive a scaling form for the ac-susceptibility data of a 2$D$ SG, which our experimental data follows fairly well. Due to simplifications in this 2$D$ case, the proposed scaling form only contains two unknown variables $\psi\nu$ and $\tau_0$. Hence, the logarithmic growth law of the SG correlation predicted by the droplet model is convincingly evidenced by the scaling of our experimental data. The origin and nature of this 2$D$ SG state is also discussed.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.str-el
the acsusceptibility of the electron doped singlelayered manganite la_11sr_09mno_4 is analyzed in detail a quasi twodimensional 2d antiferromagnetic afm order with ising anisotropy is stabilized below t_n sim 80k we show that below t_n a rare 2d spinglass sg correlation develops with the same ising anisotropy as the afm state using simple scaling arguments of the droplet model we derive a scaling form for the acsusceptibility data of a 2d sg which our experimental data follows fairly well due to simplifications in this 2d case the proposed scaling form only contains two unknown variables psinu and tau_0 hence the logarithmic growth law of the sg correlation predicted by the droplet model is convincingly evidenced by the scaling of our experimental data the origin and nature of this 2d sg state is also discussed
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706.2692
Detection of broad 21-cm absorption at z = 0.656 in the complex sight-line towards 3C336
We report the detection of 21-cm absorption at z = 0.656 towards 1622+238 (3C336). The line is very broad with a Full-Width Half Maximum (FWHM) of 235 km/s, giving a velocity integrated optical depth of 2.2 km/s. The centroid of the line is offset from that of the known damped Lyman-alpha absorption (DLA) system by 50 km/s, and if the Lyman-alpha and 21-cm absorption are due to the same gas, we derive a spin temperature of < 60 K, which would be the lowest yet in a DLA. The wide profile, which is over four times wider than that of any other DLA, supports the hypothesis that the hydrogen absorption is occurring either in the disk of a large underluminous spiral or a group of dim unidentified galaxies, associated with the single object which has been optically identified at this redshift.
astro-ph
we report the detection of 21cm absorption at z 0656 towards 1622238 3c336 the line is very broad with a fullwidth half maximum fwhm of 235 kms giving a velocity integrated optical depth of 22 kms the centroid of the line is offset from that of the known damped lymanalpha absorption dla system by 50 kms and if the lymanalpha and 21cm absorption are due to the same gas we derive a spin temperature of 60 k which would be the lowest yet in a dla the wide profile which is over four times wider than that of any other dla supports the hypothesis that the hydrogen absorption is occurring either in the disk of a large underluminous spiral or a group of dim unidentified galaxies associated with the single object which has been optically identified at this redshift
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706.2693
Reaction cross sections for proton scattering from stable and unstable nuclei based on a microscopic approach
Microscopic optical model potential results for reaction cross sections of proton elastic scattering are presented. The applications cover the 10-1000 MeV energy range and consider both stable and unstable nuclei. The study is based on in-medium g-matrix full-folding optical model approach with the appropriate relativistic kinematic corrections needed for the higher energy applications. The effective interactions are based on realistic NN potentials supplemented with a separable non-Hermitian term to allow optimum agreement with current NN phase-shift analyzes, particularly the inelasticities above pion production threshold. The target ground-state densities are obtained from Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations based on the finite range, density dependent Gogny force. The evaluated reaction cross sections for proton scattering are compared with measurements and their systematics is analyzed. A simple function of the total cross sections in terms of the atomic mass number is observed at high energies. At low energies, however, discrepancies with the available data are observed, being more pronounced in the lighter systems.
nucl-th
microscopic optical model potential results for reaction cross sections of proton elastic scattering are presented the applications cover the 101000 mev energy range and consider both stable and unstable nuclei the study is based on inmedium gmatrix fullfolding optical model approach with the appropriate relativistic kinematic corrections needed for the higher energy applications the effective interactions are based on realistic nn potentials supplemented with a separable nonhermitian term to allow optimum agreement with current nn phaseshift analyzes particularly the inelasticities above pion production threshold the target groundstate densities are obtained from hartreefockbogoliubov calculations based on the finite range density dependent gogny force the evaluated reaction cross sections for proton scattering are compared with measurements and their systematics is analyzed a simple function of the total cross sections in terms of the atomic mass number is observed at high energies at low energies however discrepancies with the available data are observed being more pronounced in the lighter systems
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706.2694
Mirror dark matter
A mirror sector of particles and forces provides a simple explanation of the inferred dark matter of the Universe. The status of this theory is reviewed - with emphasis on how the theory explains the impressive DAMA/NaI annual modulation signal, whilst also being consistent with the null results of the other direct detection experiments.
hep-ph astro-ph
a mirror sector of particles and forces provides a simple explanation of the inferred dark matter of the universe the status of this theory is reviewed with emphasis on how the theory explains the impressive damanai annual modulation signal whilst also being consistent with the null results of the other direct detection experiments
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706.2695
Functional medium-dependence of the nonrelativistic optical model potential
By examining the structure in momentum and coordinate space of a two-body interaction spherically symmetric in its local coordinate, we demonstrate that it can be disentangled into two distinctive contributions. One of them is a medium-independent and momentum-conserving term, whereas the other is functionally --and exclusively-- proportional to the radial derivative of the reduced matrix element. As example, this exact result was applied to the unabridged optical potential in momentum space, leading to an explicit separation between the medium-free and medium-dependent contributions. The latter does not depend on the strength of the reduced effective interaction but only on its variations with respect to the density. The modulation of radial derivatives of the density enhances the effect in the surface and suppresses it in the saturated volume. The generality of this result may prove to be useful for the study of surface-sensitive phenomena.
nucl-th
by examining the structure in momentum and coordinate space of a twobody interaction spherically symmetric in its local coordinate we demonstrate that it can be disentangled into two distinctive contributions one of them is a mediumindependent and momentumconserving term whereas the other is functionally and exclusively proportional to the radial derivative of the reduced matrix element as example this exact result was applied to the unabridged optical potential in momentum space leading to an explicit separation between the mediumfree and mediumdependent contributions the latter does not depend on the strength of the reduced effective interaction but only on its variations with respect to the density the modulation of radial derivatives of the density enhances the effect in the surface and suppresses it in the saturated volume the generality of this result may prove to be useful for the study of surfacesensitive phenomena
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706.2696
Three-dimensional simulations of molecular cloud fragmentation regulated by magnetic fields and ambipolar diffusion
We employ the first fully three-dimensional simulation to study the role of magnetic fields and ion-neutral friction in regulating gravitationally-driven fragmentation of molecular clouds. The cores in an initially subcritical cloud develop gradually over an ambipolar diffusion time while the cores in an initially supercritical cloud develop in a dynamical time. The infall speeds on to cores are subsonic in the case of an initially subcritical cloud, while an extended (\ga 0.1 pc) region of supersonic infall exists in the case of an initially supercritical cloud. These results are consistent with previous two-dimensional simulations. We also found that a snapshot of the relation between density (rho) and the strength of the magnetic field (B) at different spatial points of the cloud coincides with the evolutionary track of an individual core. When the density becomes large, both relations tend to B \propto \rho^{0.5}.
astro-ph
we employ the first fully threedimensional simulation to study the role of magnetic fields and ionneutral friction in regulating gravitationallydriven fragmentation of molecular clouds the cores in an initially subcritical cloud develop gradually over an ambipolar diffusion time while the cores in an initially supercritical cloud develop in a dynamical time the infall speeds on to cores are subsonic in the case of an initially subcritical cloud while an extended ga 01 pc region of supersonic infall exists in the case of an initially supercritical cloud these results are consistent with previous twodimensional simulations we also found that a snapshot of the relation between density rho and the strength of the magnetic field b at different spatial points of the cloud coincides with the evolutionary track of an individual core when the density becomes large both relations tend to b propto rho05
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706.2697
Fluctuations of the chiral condensate and quasi-particle spectra near phase transition
We investigate the quark spectrum near but above the critical temperature of the chiral transition, taking into account the precursory soft modes. It is found that there appear novel excitation spectra of quasi-quarks and quasi-antiquarks with a three-peak structure. By a detailed analysis on the formation of the three-peak structure using Yukawa models, it is shown that the new quark spectra originate from the mixing between a quark (anti-quark) and an antiquark hole (quark hole) caused by a resonant scattering of the quasi-quark with the soft modes which have a small but finite excitation energy with a small width near the critical temperature.
hep-ph nucl-th
we investigate the quark spectrum near but above the critical temperature of the chiral transition taking into account the precursory soft modes it is found that there appear novel excitation spectra of quasiquarks and quasiantiquarks with a threepeak structure by a detailed analysis on the formation of the threepeak structure using yukawa models it is shown that the new quark spectra originate from the mixing between a quark antiquark and an antiquark hole quark hole caused by a resonant scattering of the quasiquark with the soft modes which have a small but finite excitation energy with a small width near the critical temperature
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706.2698
Pygmy dipole resonance in exotic nuclei
The evolution of the PDR strength with the neutron excess is investigated in Sn isotopic and N=82 isotonic chains with regard to its possible connection with the neutron skin thickness. For this purpose a recently proposed method incorporating both HFB and multi-phonon QPM theory is applied. Analysis of the corresponding neutron and proton dipole transition densities is presented.
nucl-th
the evolution of the pdr strength with the neutron excess is investigated in sn isotopic and n82 isotonic chains with regard to its possible connection with the neutron skin thickness for this purpose a recently proposed method incorporating both hfb and multiphonon qpm theory is applied analysis of the corresponding neutron and proton dipole transition densities is presented
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706.2699
Instanton representation of Plebanski gravity. Application to Bianchi Type A metrics
Using the instanton representation method we construct a general solution for GR in the spatially homogeneous case restricted to diagonal variables. This paper provides a testing ground and physical intuition for many of the salient features of general relativity which it is suggested should be preserved in the full theory.
gr-qc
using the instanton representation method we construct a general solution for gr in the spatially homogeneous case restricted to diagonal variables this paper provides a testing ground and physical intuition for many of the salient features of general relativity which it is suggested should be preserved in the full theory
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706.27
Universal flattening of Frobenius
For a variety $X$ of positive characteristic and a non-negative integer $e$, we define its $e$-th F-blowup to be the universal flattening of the $e$-iterated Frobenius of $X$. Thus we have the sequence (a set labeled by non-negative integers) of blowups of $X$. Under some condition, the sequence stabilizes and leads to a nice (for instance, minimal or crepant) resolution. For tame quotient singularities, the sequence leads to the $G$-Hilbert scheme.
math.AG math.AC
for a variety x of positive characteristic and a nonnegative integer e we define its eth fblowup to be the universal flattening of the eiterated frobenius of x thus we have the sequence a set labeled by nonnegative integers of blowups of x under some condition the sequence stabilizes and leads to a nice for instance minimal or crepant resolution for tame quotient singularities the sequence leads to the ghilbert scheme
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706.2701
Differential rotation of stretched and twisted thick magnetic flux tube dynamos in Riemannian spaces
The topological mapping between a torus of big radius and a sphere is applied to the Riemannian geometry of a stretched and twisted very thick magnetic flux tube, to obtain spherical dynamos solving the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) self-induction equation for the magnetic flux tubes undergoing differential (non-uniform) rotation along the tube magnetic axis. Constraints on the shear is also computed. It is shown that when the hypothesis of the convective cyclonic dynamo is used the rotation is constant and a solid rotational body is obtained. As usual toroidal fields are obtained from poloidal magnetic field and these fields may be expressed in terms of the differential rotation ${\Omega}(r,{\theta}(s))$. In the case of non-cyclonic dynamos the torsion in the Frenet frame is compute in terms of the dynamo constant. The flux tube shear $\frac{\partial}{{\partial}r}{\Omega}$ is also computed. The untwisted tube case is shown to be trivial in the sense that does not support any dynamo action. This case is in agreement with Cowling antidynamo theorem, since in the untwisted case the tube becomes axially symmetric which the refereed theorem rules out. We also show that it is consistent with the Zeldovich antidynamo theorem which rules out planar dynamos. Knowledge of the differential rotation of the Earth, for example, allows one to place limits on the curvature and torsion of the flux tube axis and vice-versa, knowledge of the topology permit us to infer differential rotation and other physical parameters of the stars and planets.
astro-ph
the topological mapping between a torus of big radius and a sphere is applied to the riemannian geometry of a stretched and twisted very thick magnetic flux tube to obtain spherical dynamos solving the magnetohydrodynamics mhd selfinduction equation for the magnetic flux tubes undergoing differential nonuniform rotation along the tube magnetic axis constraints on the shear is also computed it is shown that when the hypothesis of the convective cyclonic dynamo is used the rotation is constant and a solid rotational body is obtained as usual toroidal fields are obtained from poloidal magnetic field and these fields may be expressed in terms of the differential rotation omegarthetas in the case of noncyclonic dynamos the torsion in the frenet frame is compute in terms of the dynamo constant the flux tube shear fracpartialpartialromega is also computed the untwisted tube case is shown to be trivial in the sense that does not support any dynamo action this case is in agreement with cowling antidynamo theorem since in the untwisted case the tube becomes axially symmetric which the refereed theorem rules out we also show that it is consistent with the zeldovich antidynamo theorem which rules out planar dynamos knowledge of the differential rotation of the earth for example allows one to place limits on the curvature and torsion of the flux tube axis and viceversa knowledge of the topology permit us to infer differential rotation and other physical parameters of the stars and planets
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706.2702
Nonlinear gravitons from the initial value constraints of GR in Ashtekar variables
In this paper we provide a possible realization of Penrose's idea of nonlinear gravitons by constructing a solution to the initial value constraints in Ashtekar variables. The solution inputs are a spatial SU(2) connection and two free functions of position, and can be constructed as a formal operatorial expansion in powers of the cosmological constant about spacetimes of Petrov Type O. We first present the linear case, and then provide a simple nonlinear example to first order using a spatially homogeneous connection.
gr-qc
in this paper we provide a possible realization of penroses idea of nonlinear gravitons by constructing a solution to the initial value constraints in ashtekar variables the solution inputs are a spatial su2 connection and two free functions of position and can be constructed as a formal operatorial expansion in powers of the cosmological constant about spacetimes of petrov type o we first present the linear case and then provide a simple nonlinear example to first order using a spatially homogeneous connection
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706.2703
Exact Solitonic Solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii Equation with a Linear Potential
We derive classes of exact solitonic solutions of the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation with repulsive and attractive interatomic interactions. The solutions correspond to a string of bright solitons with phase difference between adjacent solitons equal to $\pi$. While the relative phase, width, and distance between adjacent solitons turn out to be a constant of the motion, the center of mass of the string moves with a constant acceleration arising from the inhomogeneity of the background.
cond-mat.other
we derive classes of exact solitonic solutions of the timedependent grosspitaevskii equation with repulsive and attractive interatomic interactions the solutions correspond to a string of bright solitons with phase difference between adjacent solitons equal to pi while the relative phase width and distance between adjacent solitons turn out to be a constant of the motion the center of mass of the string moves with a constant acceleration arising from the inhomogeneity of the background
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706.2704
Kernel Regression For Determining Photometric Redshifts From Sloan Broadband Photometry
We present a new approach, kernel regression, to determine photometric redshifts for 399,929 galaxies in the Fifth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). In our case, kernel regression is a weighted average of spectral redshifts of the neighbors for a query point, where higher weights are associated with points that are closer to the query point. One important design decision when using kernel regression is the choice of the bandwidth. We apply 10-fold cross-validation to choose the optimal bandwidth, which is obtained as the cross-validation error approaches the minimum. The experiments show that the optimal bandwidth is different for diverse input patterns, the least rms error of photometric redshift estimation arrives at 0.019 using color+eClass as the inputs, the less rms error amounts to 0.020 using ugriz+eClass as the inputs. Here eClass is a galaxy spectra type. Then the little rms scatter is 0.021 with color+r as the inputs.
astro-ph
we present a new approach kernel regression to determine photometric redshifts for 399929 galaxies in the fifth data release of the sloan digital sky survey sdss in our case kernel regression is a weighted average of spectral redshifts of the neighbors for a query point where higher weights are associated with points that are closer to the query point one important design decision when using kernel regression is the choice of the bandwidth we apply 10fold crossvalidation to choose the optimal bandwidth which is obtained as the crossvalidation error approaches the minimum the experiments show that the optimal bandwidth is different for diverse input patterns the least rms error of photometric redshift estimation arrives at 0019 using coloreclass as the inputs the less rms error amounts to 0020 using ugrizeclass as the inputs here eclass is a galaxy spectra type then the little rms scatter is 0021 with colorr as the inputs
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706.2705
Exact Solitonic Solutions of the One-Dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii Equation with a Time-Dependent Harmonic Potential and Interatomic Interaction
We derive exact solitonic solutions of the one-dimensional time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation with time-dependent strengths of the harmonic external potential and the interatomic interaction. The time-dependence of the external potential and interatomic interaction are given in terms of a general function of time. For an oscillating strength of the external potential, the solutions correspond to breathing single and multiple solitons. The amplitude and frequency of the oscillating potential can be used to control the dynamics of the center of mass of the solitons. For certain values of these parameters, the solitons can be {\it trapped} at the center of the harmonic potential.
cond-mat.other
we derive exact solitonic solutions of the onedimensional timedependent grosspitaevskii equation with timedependent strengths of the harmonic external potential and the interatomic interaction the timedependence of the external potential and interatomic interaction are given in terms of a general function of time for an oscillating strength of the external potential the solutions correspond to breathing single and multiple solitons the amplitude and frequency of the oscillating potential can be used to control the dynamics of the center of mass of the solitons for certain values of these parameters the solitons can be it trapped at the center of the harmonic potential
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706.2706
Holonomic rank of A-hypergeometric differential-difference equations
We introduce A-hypergeometric differential-difference equation and prove that its holonomic rank is equal to the normalized volume of A with giving a set of convergent series solutions.
math.CA
we introduce ahypergeometric differentialdifference equation and prove that its holonomic rank is equal to the normalized volume of a with giving a set of convergent series solutions
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706.2707
The p-modular Descent Algebra of the Symmetric Group
The descent algebra of the symmetric group, over a field of non-zero characteristic p, is studied. A homomorphism into the algebra of generalised p-modular characters of the symmetric group is defined. This is then used to determine the radical, and its nilpotency index. It also allows the irreducible representations of the descent algebra to be described.
math.CO
the descent algebra of the symmetric group over a field of nonzero characteristic p is studied a homomorphism into the algebra of generalised pmodular characters of the symmetric group is defined this is then used to determine the radical and its nilpotency index it also allows the irreducible representations of the descent algebra to be described
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706.2708
Overview of event-by-event analysis of high energy nuclear collisions
The event-by-event analysis of high energy nuclear collisions aims at revealing the richness of the underlying event structures and provide unique measures of dynamical fluctuations associated with QGP phase transition. The major challenge in these studies is to separate the dynamical fluctuations from the many other sources which contribute to the measured values. We present the fluctuations in terms of event multiplicity, mean transverse momentum, elliptic flow, source sizes, particle ratios and net charge distributions. In addition, we discuss the effect of long range correlations, disoriented chiral condensates and presence of jets. A brief review of various probes used for fluctuation studies and available experimental results are presented.
nucl-ex
the eventbyevent analysis of high energy nuclear collisions aims at revealing the richness of the underlying event structures and provide unique measures of dynamical fluctuations associated with qgp phase transition the major challenge in these studies is to separate the dynamical fluctuations from the many other sources which contribute to the measured values we present the fluctuations in terms of event multiplicity mean transverse momentum elliptic flow source sizes particle ratios and net charge distributions in addition we discuss the effect of long range correlations disoriented chiral condensates and presence of jets a brief review of various probes used for fluctuation studies and available experimental results are presented
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706.2709
Rumsfeld Hadrons
Donald Rumsfeld, in attempting to excuse the inexcusable, once (in)famously said that ``there are things that we know we know; there are things that we know we don't know; and then there are things that we don't know that we don't know". Recent discoveries about hadrons with heavy flavours fall into those categories. It is of course the third category that is the most tantalising, but lessons from the first two may help resolve the third.
hep-ph
donald rumsfeld in attempting to excuse the inexcusable once infamously said that there are things that we know we know there are things that we know we dont know and then there are things that we dont know that we dont know recent discoveries about hadrons with heavy flavours fall into those categories it is of course the third category that is the most tantalising but lessons from the first two may help resolve the third
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706.271
Compulsory Deep Mixing of 3He and CNO Isotopes in the Envelopes of low-mass Red Giants
Three-dimensional stellar modeling has enabled us to identify a deep-mixing mechanism that must operate in all low mass giants. This mixing process is not optional, and is driven by a molecular weight inversion created by the 3He(3He,2p)4He reaction. In this paper we characterize the behavior of this mixing, and study its impact on the envelope abundances. It not only eliminates the problem of 3He overproduction, reconciling stellar and big bang nucleosynthesis with observations, but solves the discrepancy between observed and calculated CNO isotope ratios in low mass giants, a problem of more than 3 decades' standing. This mixing mechanism, which we call `$\delta\mu$-mixing', operates rapidly (relative to the nuclear timescale of overall evolution, ~ 10^8 yrs) once the hydrogen burning shell approaches the material homogenized by the surface convection zone. In agreement with observations, Pop I stars between 0.8 and 2.0$\Msun$ develop 12C/13C ratios of 14.5 +/- 1.5, while Pop II stars process the carbon to ratios of 4.0 +/- 0.5. In stars less than 1.25$\Msun$, this mechanism also destroys 90% to 95% of the 3He produced on the main sequence.
astro-ph
threedimensional stellar modeling has enabled us to identify a deepmixing mechanism that must operate in all low mass giants this mixing process is not optional and is driven by a molecular weight inversion created by the 3he3he2p4he reaction in this paper we characterize the behavior of this mixing and study its impact on the envelope abundances it not only eliminates the problem of 3he overproduction reconciling stellar and big bang nucleosynthesis with observations but solves the discrepancy between observed and calculated cno isotope ratios in low mass giants a problem of more than 3 decades standing this mixing mechanism which we call deltamumixing operates rapidly relative to the nuclear timescale of overall evolution 108 yrs once the hydrogen burning shell approaches the material homogenized by the surface convection zone in agreement with observations pop i stars between 08 and 20msun develop 12c13c ratios of 145 15 while pop ii stars process the carbon to ratios of 40 05 in stars less than 125msun this mechanism also destroys 90 to 95 of the 3he produced on the main sequence
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706.2711
On the Descent Algebra of Type $D$
Here we give a combinatorial interpretation of Solomon's rule for multiplication in the descent algebra of Weyl groups of type $D$, $\Sigma D_n$. From here we show that $\Sigma D_n$ is a homomorphic image of the descent algebra of the hyperoctahedral group, $\Sigma B_{n-2}$.
math.CO
here we give a combinatorial interpretation of solomons rule for multiplication in the descent algebra of weyl groups of type d sigma d_n from here we show that sigma d_n is a homomorphic image of the descent algebra of the hyperoctahedral group sigma b_n2
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706.2712
Morphological Dependence of MIR Properties of SDSS Galaxies in the Spitzer SWIRE Survey
We explore the correlation between morphological types and mid-infrared (MIR) properties of an optically flux-limited sample of 154 galaxies from the Forth Data Release (DR4) of Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), cross-correlated with Spitzer SWIRE (Spitzer Wide-Area InfraRed Extragalactic Survey) fields of ELAIS-N1, ELAIS-N2 and Lockman Hole. Aperture photometry is performed on the SDSS and Spitzer images to obtain optical and MIR properties. The morphological classifications are given based on both visual inspection and bulge-disk decomposition on SDSS g- and r-band images. The average bulge-to-total ratio (B/T) is a smooth function over different morphological types. Both the 8um(dust) and 24um(dust) luminosities and their relative luminosity ratios to 3.6um (MIR dust-to-star ratios) present obvious correlations with both the Hubble T-type and B/T. The early-type galaxies notably differ from the late-types in the MIR properties, especially in the MIR dust-to-star ratios. It is suggested that the MIR dust-to-star ratio is an effective way to separate the early-type galaxies from the late-type ones. Based on the tight correlation between the stellar mass and the 3.6um luminosity, we have derived a formula to calculate the stellar mass from the latter. We have also investigated the MIR properties of both edge-on galaxies and barred galaxies in our sample. Since they present similar MIR properties to the other sample galaxies, they do not influence the MIR properties obtained for the entire sample.
astro-ph
we explore the correlation between morphological types and midinfrared mir properties of an optically fluxlimited sample of 154 galaxies from the forth data release dr4 of sloan digital sky survey sdss crosscorrelated with spitzer swire spitzer widearea infrared extragalactic survey fields of elaisn1 elaisn2 and lockman hole aperture photometry is performed on the sdss and spitzer images to obtain optical and mir properties the morphological classifications are given based on both visual inspection and bulgedisk decomposition on sdss g and rband images the average bulgetototal ratio bt is a smooth function over different morphological types both the 8umdust and 24umdust luminosities and their relative luminosity ratios to 36um mir dusttostar ratios present obvious correlations with both the hubble ttype and bt the earlytype galaxies notably differ from the latetypes in the mir properties especially in the mir dusttostar ratios it is suggested that the mir dusttostar ratio is an effective way to separate the earlytype galaxies from the latetype ones based on the tight correlation between the stellar mass and the 36um luminosity we have derived a formula to calculate the stellar mass from the latter we have also investigated the mir properties of both edgeon galaxies and barred galaxies in our sample since they present similar mir properties to the other sample galaxies they do not influence the mir properties obtained for the entire sample
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706.2713
Contraction groups in complete Kac-Moody groups
Let $G$ be an abstract Kac-Moody group over a finite field and $\bar{G}$ be the closure of the image of $G$ in the automorphism group of its positive building. We show that if the Dynkin diagram associated to $G$ is irreducible and neither of spherical nor of affine type, then the contraction groups of elements in $\bar{G}$ which are not topologically periodic are not closed. (In those groups there always exist elements which are not topologically periodic.)
math.GR
let g be an abstract kacmoody group over a finite field and barg be the closure of the image of g in the automorphism group of its positive building we show that if the dynkin diagram associated to g is irreducible and neither of spherical nor of affine type then the contraction groups of elements in barg which are not topologically periodic are not closed in those groups there always exist elements which are not topologically periodic
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