id float64 706 1.8k | title stringlengths 1 343 | abstract stringlengths 6 6.09k | categories stringlengths 5 125 | processed_abstract stringlengths 2 5.96k | tokenized_abstract stringlengths 8 8.74k | centroid stringlengths 2.1k 2.17k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
709.3635 | High redshift FRII radio sources: large-scale X-ray environment | We investigate the properties of the environment around 20 powerful radio
galaxies and quasars at redshifts between 0.45 and 1. Using XMM-Newton and
Chandra observations we probe the spatial distribution and the temperature of
the cluster gas. We find that more than 60 per cent of powerful radio sources
in the redshift range of our sample lie in a cluster of X-ray luminosity
greater than 10^44 erg/s, and all but one of the narrow-line radio galaxies,
for which the emission from the nucleus is obscured by a torus, lie in a
cluster environment. Within the statistical uncertainties we find no
significant difference in the properties of the environment as a function of
the orientation to the line of sight of the radio jet. This is in agreement
with unification schemes. Our results have important implications for cluster
surveys, as clusters around powerful radio sources tend to be excluded from
X-ray and Sunyaev-Zeldovich surveys of galaxy clusters, and thus can introduce
an important bias in the cluster luminosity function. Most of the radio sources
are found close to pressure balance with the environment in which they lie, but
the two low-excitation radio galaxies of the sample are observed to be
under-pressured. This may be the first observational indication for the
presence of non-radiative particles in the lobes of some powerful radio
galaxies. We find that the clusters around radio sources in the redshift range
of our sample have a steeper entropy-temperature relation than local clusters,
and the slope is in agreement with the predictions of self-similar
gravitational heating models for cluster gas infall. This suggests that
selection by AGN finds systems less affected by AGN feedback than the local
average.(Abridged)
| astro-ph | we investigate the properties of the environment around 20 powerful radio galaxies and quasars at redshifts between 045 and 1 using xmmnewton and chandra observations we probe the spatial distribution and the temperature of the cluster gas we find that more than 60 per cent of powerful radio sources in the redshift range of our sample lie in a cluster of xray luminosity greater than 1044 ergs and all but one of the narrowline radio galaxies for which the emission from the nucleus is obscured by a torus lie in a cluster environment within the statistical uncertainties we find no significant difference in the properties of the environment as a function of the orientation to the line of sight of the radio jet this is in agreement with unification schemes our results have important implications for cluster surveys as clusters around powerful radio sources tend to be excluded from xray and sunyaevzeldovich surveys of galaxy clusters and thus can introduce an important bias in the cluster luminosity function most of the radio sources are found close to pressure balance with the environment in which they lie but the two lowexcitation radio galaxies of the sample are observed to be underpressured this may be the first observational indication for the presence of nonradiative particles in the lobes of some powerful radio galaxies we find that the clusters around radio sources in the redshift range of our sample have a steeper entropytemperature relation than local clusters and the slope is in agreement with the predictions of selfsimilar gravitational heating models for cluster gas infall this suggests that selection by agn finds systems less affected by agn feedback than the local averageabridged | [['we', 'investigate', 'the', 'properties', 'of', 'the', 'environment', 'around', '20', 'powerful', 'radio', 'galaxies', 'and', 'quasars', 'at', 'redshifts', 'between', '045', 'and', '1', 'using', 'xmmnewton', 'and', 'chandra', 'observations', 'we', 'probe', 'the', 'spatial', 'distribution', 'and', 'the', 'temperature', 'of', 'the', 'cluster', 'gas', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'more', 'than', '60', 'per', 'cent', 'of', 'powerful', 'radio', 'sources', 'in', 'the', 'redshift', 'range', 'of', 'our', 'sample', 'lie', 'in', 'a', 'cluster', 'of', 'xray', 'luminosity', 'greater', 'than', '1044', 'ergs', 'and', 'all', 'but', 'one', 'of', 'the', 'narrowline', 'radio', 'galaxies', 'for', 'which', 'the', 'emission', 'from', 'the', 'nucleus', 'is', 'obscured', 'by', 'a', 'torus', 'lie', 'in', 'a', 'cluster', 'environment', 'within', 'the', 'statistical', 'uncertainties', 'we', 'find', 'no', 'significant', 'difference', 'in', 'the', 'properties', 'of', 'the', 'environment', 'as', 'a', 'function', 'of', 'the', 'orientation', 'to', 'the', 'line', 'of', 'sight', 'of', 'the', 'radio', 'jet', 'this', 'is', 'in', 'agreement', 'with', 'unification', 'schemes', 'our', 'results', 'have', 'important', 'implications', 'for', 'cluster', 'surveys', 'as', 'clusters', 'around', 'powerful', 'radio', 'sources', 'tend', 'to', 'be', 'excluded', 'from', 'xray', 'and', 'sunyaevzeldovich', 'surveys', 'of', 'galaxy', 'clusters', 'and', 'thus', 'can', 'introduce', 'an', 'important', 'bias', 'in', 'the', 'cluster', 'luminosity', 'function', 'most', 'of', 'the', 'radio', 'sources', 'are', 'found', 'close', 'to', 'pressure', 'balance', 'with', 'the', 'environment', 'in', 'which', 'they', 'lie', 'but', 'the', 'two', 'lowexcitation', 'radio', 'galaxies', 'of', 'the', 'sample', 'are', 'observed', 'to', 'be', 'underpressured', 'this', 'may', 'be', 'the', 'first', 'observational', 'indication', 'for', 'the', 'presence', 'of', 'nonradiative', 'particles', 'in', 'the', 'lobes', 'of', 'some', 'powerful', 'radio', 'galaxies', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'the', 'clusters', 'around', 'radio', 'sources', 'in', 'the', 'redshift', 'range', 'of', 'our', 'sample', 'have', 'a', 'steeper', 'entropytemperature', 'relation', 'than', 'local', 'clusters', 'and', 'the', 'slope', 'is', 'in', 'agreement', 'with', 'the', 'predictions', 'of', 'selfsimilar', 'gravitational', 'heating', 'models', 'for', 'cluster', 'gas', 'infall', 'this', 'suggests', 'that', 'selection', 'by', 'agn', 'finds', 'systems', 'less', 'affected', 'by', 'agn', 'feedback', 'than', 'the', 'local', 'averageabridged']] | [-0.060240141554943304, 0.08366075349204692, -0.06692974238066847, 0.12171892678070305, -0.08686564086681808, -0.04657750559984137, 0.0650651510779766, 0.46456350760011794, -0.14064798679867785, -0.34293417744472515, 0.047314603314668, -0.2987862667554601, -0.01444462345068832, 0.22880949169102546, 0.027924172425300903, -0.05946487854607571, 0.009394761210093073, -0.08486708783772405, -0.03304985978189611, -0.24529743872217755, 0.3163325323944362, 0.1273921060687008, 0.19902539790106313, -0.036961578212488105, 0.07683110144575589, -0.09318162717524808, -0.07915454782317762, 0.018306928007149895, -0.09797481802564258, 0.05384482903298821, 0.26064104672576893, 0.1144182517552554, 0.2519409054716071, -0.34137942392185683, -0.22114425939306778, 0.10095705001166078, 0.21395352288155997, 0.04148733131621006, -0.061001475692130776, -0.2738570789119778, 0.09794631466711703, -0.20590484275228407, -0.15660862113004081, 0.09283342794347689, 0.03218788602690902, 0.05052057146450816, -0.1800243197370776, 0.18615591912128354, 0.00029160450366944393, 0.07050870632980581, -0.11167216127513901, -0.07767158088763412, -0.030499268965482614, 0.08521387865264371, 0.01145218131752189, 0.07888241731327214, 0.20310446692181738, -0.16907958437105736, -0.0662919694701002, 0.42548280996571985, 0.006294164762006429, -0.014345968632938728, 0.2435963163889355, -0.23434762922098873, -0.21334885675527102, 0.12036898858483425, 0.16240113961557262, 0.0783284994666364, -0.14701262925644304, -0.010896411544321735, -0.02695892564366109, 0.23654992292172833, -0.002400744914934843, 0.08528228785018536, 0.29904894831275447, 0.09667483992307621, 0.08483160728850006, 0.13328176755215235, -0.18996153532513987, 0.004696430398064177, -0.2547263735553531, -0.07902070953805508, -0.13535722784351276, 0.09711372242443156, -0.16873752192063124, -0.10112905209438487, 0.34882403123560995, 0.12544812486890583, 0.21546807836258797, 0.08602507626828353, 0.29894767255395005, 0.10065210660460586, 0.12429421681495344, 0.1411336465670037, 0.32083117204315026, 0.16407584268080486, 0.055607769197764265, -0.20832314063868612, 0.05946619274587163, -0.030149690821941057] |
709.3636 | Detecting Neutrino Magnetic Moments with Conducting Loops | It is well established that neutrinos have mass, yet it is very difficult to
measure those masses directly. Within the standard model of particle physics,
neutrinos will have an intrinsic magnetic moment proportional to their mass. We
examine the possibility of detecting the magnetic moment using a conducting
loop. According to Faraday's Law of Induction, a magnetic dipole passing
through a conducting loop induces an electromotive force, or EMF, in the loop.
We compute this EMF for neutrinos in several cases, based on a fully covariant
formulation of the problem. We discuss prospects for a real experiment, as well
as the possibility to test the relativistic formulation of intrinsic magnetic
moments.
| hep-ex | it is well established that neutrinos have mass yet it is very difficult to measure those masses directly within the standard model of particle physics neutrinos will have an intrinsic magnetic moment proportional to their mass we examine the possibility of detecting the magnetic moment using a conducting loop according to faradays law of induction a magnetic dipole passing through a conducting loop induces an electromotive force or emf in the loop we compute this emf for neutrinos in several cases based on a fully covariant formulation of the problem we discuss prospects for a real experiment as well as the possibility to test the relativistic formulation of intrinsic magnetic moments | [['it', 'is', 'well', 'established', 'that', 'neutrinos', 'have', 'mass', 'yet', 'it', 'is', 'very', 'difficult', 'to', 'measure', 'those', 'masses', 'directly', 'within', 'the', 'standard', 'model', 'of', 'particle', 'physics', 'neutrinos', 'will', 'have', 'an', 'intrinsic', 'magnetic', 'moment', 'proportional', 'to', 'their', 'mass', 'we', 'examine', 'the', 'possibility', 'of', 'detecting', 'the', 'magnetic', 'moment', 'using', 'a', 'conducting', 'loop', 'according', 'to', 'faradays', 'law', 'of', 'induction', 'a', 'magnetic', 'dipole', 'passing', 'through', 'a', 'conducting', 'loop', 'induces', 'an', 'electromotive', 'force', 'or', 'emf', 'in', 'the', 'loop', 'we', 'compute', 'this', 'emf', 'for', 'neutrinos', 'in', 'several', 'cases', 'based', 'on', 'a', 'fully', 'covariant', 'formulation', 'of', 'the', 'problem', 'we', 'discuss', 'prospects', 'for', 'a', 'real', 'experiment', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'the', 'possibility', 'to', 'test', 'the', 'relativistic', 'formulation', 'of', 'intrinsic', 'magnetic', 'moments']] | [-0.12232096838504747, 0.18463083811608763, -0.05857564131351742, 0.14684512725137677, -0.10603293820980701, -0.08314525176192054, 0.02778779572769496, 0.36924842234935845, -0.2610815724752306, -0.35595190712997504, 0.03553306633765969, -0.2464034660627042, -0.09397173230955796, 0.2112734869787436, 0.007308481695331834, 0.0355576741349724, 0.0031433711877210183, 0.06772469217377203, -0.049013921728793965, -0.15876914346003318, 0.30812886539376805, 0.09504186897328845, 0.2585802807027961, 0.07319586911146436, 0.10916400578309286, -0.04217210053340406, 0.009840269036054073, 0.0469296707920089, -0.05762406473022074, 0.05331599124631769, 0.127012939702065, 0.06498663585951871, 0.21064498903951398, -0.4577279425486251, -0.16161769813111238, 0.09074842921449794, 0.10938210687222513, 0.11523184652633227, -0.105696904373372, -0.28381027121868757, 0.04888868975864203, -0.17673609180057104, -0.15971827385359788, -0.10514046278203258, 0.002866079141427805, -0.02569528266070159, -0.2807059846818447, 0.08634800233601315, 0.03237095722710496, 0.031186724001927686, -0.07855796673846943, -0.1022589989342131, 0.04358821545584916, 0.10415211190083609, 0.12792724904054692, 0.03596050140389183, 0.1621582473686955, -0.13985208842351715, -0.12830988400791948, 0.40274661624183256, -0.07218644289333406, -0.20577315336118476, 0.14929220406128815, -0.16916181400485403, -0.08911369446463682, 0.09185782288041738, 0.1647746879607439, 0.12028980340426085, -0.22009897753931917, 0.07958165253302804, -0.05085648073571491, 0.1280789657554648, 0.011074917267185744, -0.04346835554938193, 0.3097319753823785, 0.16999612733100852, 0.06004822105567835, 0.10752117833928079, -0.1449309291720793, -0.06189742197727298, -0.3201333303675727, -0.1869968901816252, -0.16345583124774266, 0.07384064907275208, -0.01139934493967139, -0.19941912892039632, 0.37680062551160454, 0.18299846941823358, 0.1560639922783987, 0.007909688639228005, 0.34376774167826585, 0.12284833373845899, 0.08596069769627573, 0.04139782217549378, 0.3234804399764618, 0.21636412965620425, 0.10629588520880118, -0.25019210514083906, 0.021884266534602053, 0.0712836125932701] |
709.3637 | \Lambda_{c} enhancement from strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma | We propose the enhancement of $\Lambda_{c}$ as a novel QGP signal in heavy
ion collisions at RHIC and LHC. Assuming a stable bound diquark state in the
strongly coupled QGP near the critical temperature, we argue that the direct
two-body collision between a $c$ quark and a $[ud]$ diquark would lead to an
enhanced $\Lambda_{c}$ production in comparison with the normal three-body
collision among independent $c$, $u$ and $d$ quarks. In the coalescence model,
we find that the $\Lambda_{c}/D$ yield ratio is enhanced substantially due to
the diquark correlation.
| nucl-th | we propose the enhancement of lambda_c as a novel qgp signal in heavy ion collisions at rhic and lhc assuming a stable bound diquark state in the strongly coupled qgp near the critical temperature we argue that the direct twobody collision between a c quark and a ud diquark would lead to an enhanced lambda_c production in comparison with the normal threebody collision among independent c u and d quarks in the coalescence model we find that the lambda_cd yield ratio is enhanced substantially due to the diquark correlation | [['we', 'propose', 'the', 'enhancement', 'of', 'lambda_c', 'as', 'a', 'novel', 'qgp', 'signal', 'in', 'heavy', 'ion', 'collisions', 'at', 'rhic', 'and', 'lhc', 'assuming', 'a', 'stable', 'bound', 'diquark', 'state', 'in', 'the', 'strongly', 'coupled', 'qgp', 'near', 'the', 'critical', 'temperature', 'we', 'argue', 'that', 'the', 'direct', 'twobody', 'collision', 'between', 'a', 'c', 'quark', 'and', 'a', 'ud', 'diquark', 'would', 'lead', 'to', 'an', 'enhanced', 'lambda_c', 'production', 'in', 'comparison', 'with', 'the', 'normal', 'threebody', 'collision', 'among', 'independent', 'c', 'u', 'and', 'd', 'quarks', 'in', 'the', 'coalescence', 'model', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'the', 'lambda_cd', 'yield', 'ratio', 'is', 'enhanced', 'substantially', 'due', 'to', 'the', 'diquark', 'correlation']] | [-0.10434572733258514, 0.276819753896326, -0.1344439879248149, 0.09331666786626526, 0.017264438269848234, -0.16071971930730877, 0.05758320710234595, 0.32163558057980257, -0.21296660271420909, -0.20679533666815986, -0.09209806765063425, -0.33165027182863166, 0.013066426971194785, 0.05928929901179554, 0.09538935566467516, 0.055766358673363256, 0.11350428456900997, 0.0494369679768936, -0.07599274839766407, -0.2000383758509343, 0.3178830379489391, 0.012703077281626422, 0.22611753694880543, 0.23818689313706723, 0.009121679188160415, 0.02801454773897389, 0.02720049967834977, -0.022415379130312902, -0.13271053063796356, 0.03212225332815629, 0.2048933089814107, 0.05971938875309921, 0.15654200177346722, -0.3385121717766513, -0.13619186661959615, 0.13825950263528508, 0.19408717664126096, 0.1289158888537897, -0.05426616671631176, -0.2621330631834068, 0.10923060097893847, -0.24979039420781846, -0.13939050116230933, -0.04580182508366664, 0.060294896578730155, -0.03122413005899596, -0.37748136238477537, 0.13225201291772484, -0.01347829730202852, -0.0077246283625744365, -0.00734132537461315, -0.19836559227217784, -0.06407707704105571, -0.04250209648789984, 0.06429948395751207, 0.13659083858927648, 0.16141117198930352, -0.2012731951904703, -0.09114411068240473, 0.3830394421735506, -0.10814522816851903, -0.13529903558344486, 0.24167091069805824, -0.16780818998028807, -0.07226008454107502, 0.14345286997935075, 0.2504049887294682, 0.0759432831664015, -0.1650862641779057, 0.04256140491519688, -0.03012805696827977, 0.19886239982960421, 0.10933435539285956, 0.06661078405011905, 0.24009684073539933, 0.2225383417837824, 0.013863784302905035, 0.0978081859414416, -0.06671644008477752, -0.07957637485828292, -0.35881311247606623, -0.10159904141243276, -0.10317149111514472, 0.025005889951847913, -0.10383926083257271, -0.11490990614958024, 0.30957145750355186, 0.11399537952763311, 0.2813372065135267, -0.04314143299596029, 0.2562370691762379, 0.11052733259877252, 0.030161042930558324, 0.12707378041899103, 0.32145387541209713, 0.1560557231809316, 0.1540561021420728, -0.3515959428414033, 0.05393856790523683, 0.05706792225370581] |
709.3638 | Dynamical Casimir Effect and the Black Body Spectrum | Creation of scalar massless particles in two-dimensional Minkowski
space-time--as predicted by the dynamical Casimir effect--is studied for the
case of a semitransparent mirror initially at rest, then accelerating for some
finite time, along a specified trajectory, and finally moving with constant
velocity. When the reflection and transmission coefficients are those in the
model proposed by Barton, Calogeracos, and Nicolaevici
[$r(w)=-i\alpha/(\w+i\alpha)$ and $s(w)=\w/(\w+i\alpha)$, with $\alpha\geq 0$],
the Bogoliubov coefficients on the back side of the mirror can be computed
exactly. This allows us to prove that, when $\alpha$ is very large (case of an
ideal, perfectly reflecting mirror) a thermal emission of scalar massless
particles obeying Bose-Einstein statistics is radiated from the mirror (a black
body radiation), in accordance with previous results in the literature.
However, when $\alpha$ is finite (semitransparent mirror, a physically
realistic situation) the striking result is obtained that the thermal emission
of scalar massless particles obeys Fermi-Dirac statistics. Possible
consequences of this result are envisaged.
| quant-ph gr-qc hep-th math-ph math.MP | creation of scalar massless particles in twodimensional minkowski spacetimeas predicted by the dynamical casimir effectis studied for the case of a semitransparent mirror initially at rest then accelerating for some finite time along a specified trajectory and finally moving with constant velocity when the reflection and transmission coefficients are those in the model proposed by barton calogeracos and nicolaevici rwialphawialpha and swwwialpha with alphageq 0 the bogoliubov coefficients on the back side of the mirror can be computed exactly this allows us to prove that when alpha is very large case of an ideal perfectly reflecting mirror a thermal emission of scalar massless particles obeying boseeinstein statistics is radiated from the mirror a black body radiation in accordance with previous results in the literature however when alpha is finite semitransparent mirror a physically realistic situation the striking result is obtained that the thermal emission of scalar massless particles obeys fermidirac statistics possible consequences of this result are envisaged | [['creation', 'of', 'scalar', 'massless', 'particles', 'in', 'twodimensional', 'minkowski', 'spacetimeas', 'predicted', 'by', 'the', 'dynamical', 'casimir', 'effectis', 'studied', 'for', 'the', 'case', 'of', 'a', 'semitransparent', 'mirror', 'initially', 'at', 'rest', 'then', 'accelerating', 'for', 'some', 'finite', 'time', 'along', 'a', 'specified', 'trajectory', 'and', 'finally', 'moving', 'with', 'constant', 'velocity', 'when', 'the', 'reflection', 'and', 'transmission', 'coefficients', 'are', 'those', 'in', 'the', 'model', 'proposed', 'by', 'barton', 'calogeracos', 'and', 'nicolaevici', 'rwialphawialpha', 'and', 'swwwialpha', 'with', 'alphageq', '0', 'the', 'bogoliubov', 'coefficients', 'on', 'the', 'back', 'side', 'of', 'the', 'mirror', 'can', 'be', 'computed', 'exactly', 'this', 'allows', 'us', 'to', 'prove', 'that', 'when', 'alpha', 'is', 'very', 'large', 'case', 'of', 'an', 'ideal', 'perfectly', 'reflecting', 'mirror', 'a', 'thermal', 'emission', 'of', 'scalar', 'massless', 'particles', 'obeying', 'boseeinstein', 'statistics', 'is', 'radiated', 'from', 'the', 'mirror', 'a', 'black', 'body', 'radiation', 'in', 'accordance', 'with', 'previous', 'results', 'in', 'the', 'literature', 'however', 'when', 'alpha', 'is', 'finite', 'semitransparent', 'mirror', 'a', 'physically', 'realistic', 'situation', 'the', 'striking', 'result', 'is', 'obtained', 'that', 'the', 'thermal', 'emission', 'of', 'scalar', 'massless', 'particles', 'obeys', 'fermidirac', 'statistics', 'possible', 'consequences', 'of', 'this', 'result', 'are', 'envisaged']] | [-0.1056854017502205, 0.22542904114871143, -0.08956501757810739, 0.040970284082811906, -0.05623886671352696, -0.19328004662506887, -0.0303326472271515, 0.33159648381512274, -0.20933312682023683, -0.2656726250969261, 0.0313252599126744, -0.30524570108007704, -0.08566623062270319, 0.19545067819258707, -0.03071954013181052, 0.05448818425897376, 0.019068254544943958, 0.06376839178771555, -0.030575438073379677, -0.2124437527948773, 0.3212604064875367, 0.05044613828785814, 0.2510246682621829, 0.023425330444202794, 0.08445667045027647, 0.034950749932179025, 0.011668709542166877, 0.02833988648905818, -0.11103285557498578, 0.044296046731050136, 0.18445314460603351, 0.010566939744953211, 0.18987947353766627, -0.417958442472502, -0.20821737386165307, 0.09764512591880395, 0.1537187589259135, 0.11915535931838314, -0.06557160650618835, -0.27922290013558776, 0.053818269699279754, -0.1459464735000745, -0.2294818283475984, 0.01545829949416704, 0.009726589518393596, -0.007771280972897861, -0.272403342939623, 0.09499897177077153, 0.053813144392840406, 0.011979653394188394, -0.07967912693025678, -0.06930859591176902, -0.04041283204244425, 0.07133484015663838, 0.09722318787765749, -0.0049253336952200955, 0.13139777147065992, -0.1443868575469506, -0.06629134431804905, 0.4113973397081234, -0.0888599726963371, -0.2049447409324832, 0.15881461657994947, -0.1909252862527652, -0.06422311583437122, 0.1485675132512901, 0.09064984219088279, 0.12018480136621647, -0.12775719806228011, 0.11561024896407428, -0.07677751022705494, 0.12457045410040089, 0.13520729090631395, -0.004382282646687387, 0.25107729589179545, 0.06452849059964397, 0.0158634378072842, 0.170295681650962, -0.055635426025656236, -0.10350952853861434, -0.35169572740575517, -0.1550848732324037, -0.20489057523270995, 0.06851187222274382, -0.10264128093817876, -0.14443151882619826, 0.31940205746092953, 0.08885067042799412, 0.18284567462147347, 0.06518520271502339, 0.30862760333708705, 0.12773503309611667, 0.007645789731910766, 0.06578430176906094, 0.2681772792267737, 0.14120798934456685, 0.1051260134622503, -0.21612252720915895, -0.030519719026958596, 0.050996116872774076] |
709.3639 | Fast Selection of Spectral Variables with B-Spline Compression | The large number of spectral variables in most data sets encountered in
spectral chemometrics often renders the prediction of a dependent variable
uneasy. The number of variables hopefully can be reduced, by using either
projection techniques or selection methods; the latter allow for the
interpretation of the selected variables. Since the optimal approach of testing
all possible subsets of variables with the prediction model is intractable, an
incremental selection approach using a nonparametric statistics is a good
option, as it avoids the computationally intensive use of the model itself. It
has two drawbacks however: the number of groups of variables to test is still
huge, and colinearities can make the results unstable. To overcome these
limitations, this paper presents a method to select groups of spectral
variables. It consists in a forward-backward procedure applied to the
coefficients of a B-Spline representation of the spectra. The criterion used in
the forward-backward procedure is the mutual information, allowing to find
nonlinear dependencies between variables, on the contrary of the generally used
correlation. The spline representation is used to get interpretability of the
results, as groups of consecutive spectral variables will be selected. The
experiments conducted on NIR spectra from fescue grass and diesel fuels show
that the method provides clearly identified groups of selected variables,
making interpretation easy, while keeping a low computational load. The
prediction performances obtained using the selected coefficients are higher
than those obtained by the same method applied directly to the original
variables and similar to those obtained using traditional models, although
using significantly less spectral variables.
| cs.LG stat.AP | the large number of spectral variables in most data sets encountered in spectral chemometrics often renders the prediction of a dependent variable uneasy the number of variables hopefully can be reduced by using either projection techniques or selection methods the latter allow for the interpretation of the selected variables since the optimal approach of testing all possible subsets of variables with the prediction model is intractable an incremental selection approach using a nonparametric statistics is a good option as it avoids the computationally intensive use of the model itself it has two drawbacks however the number of groups of variables to test is still huge and colinearities can make the results unstable to overcome these limitations this paper presents a method to select groups of spectral variables it consists in a forwardbackward procedure applied to the coefficients of a bspline representation of the spectra the criterion used in the forwardbackward procedure is the mutual information allowing to find nonlinear dependencies between variables on the contrary of the generally used correlation the spline representation is used to get interpretability of the results as groups of consecutive spectral variables will be selected the experiments conducted on nir spectra from fescue grass and diesel fuels show that the method provides clearly identified groups of selected variables making interpretation easy while keeping a low computational load the prediction performances obtained using the selected coefficients are higher than those obtained by the same method applied directly to the original variables and similar to those obtained using traditional models although using significantly less spectral variables | [['the', 'large', 'number', 'of', 'spectral', 'variables', 'in', 'most', 'data', 'sets', 'encountered', 'in', 'spectral', 'chemometrics', 'often', 'renders', 'the', 'prediction', 'of', 'a', 'dependent', 'variable', 'uneasy', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'variables', 'hopefully', 'can', 'be', 'reduced', 'by', 'using', 'either', 'projection', 'techniques', 'or', 'selection', 'methods', 'the', 'latter', 'allow', 'for', 'the', 'interpretation', 'of', 'the', 'selected', 'variables', 'since', 'the', 'optimal', 'approach', 'of', 'testing', 'all', 'possible', 'subsets', 'of', 'variables', 'with', 'the', 'prediction', 'model', 'is', 'intractable', 'an', 'incremental', 'selection', 'approach', 'using', 'a', 'nonparametric', 'statistics', 'is', 'a', 'good', 'option', 'as', 'it', 'avoids', 'the', 'computationally', 'intensive', 'use', 'of', 'the', 'model', 'itself', 'it', 'has', 'two', 'drawbacks', 'however', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'groups', 'of', 'variables', 'to', 'test', 'is', 'still', 'huge', 'and', 'colinearities', 'can', 'make', 'the', 'results', 'unstable', 'to', 'overcome', 'these', 'limitations', 'this', 'paper', 'presents', 'a', 'method', 'to', 'select', 'groups', 'of', 'spectral', 'variables', 'it', 'consists', 'in', 'a', 'forwardbackward', 'procedure', 'applied', 'to', 'the', 'coefficients', 'of', 'a', 'bspline', 'representation', 'of', 'the', 'spectra', 'the', 'criterion', 'used', 'in', 'the', 'forwardbackward', 'procedure', 'is', 'the', 'mutual', 'information', 'allowing', 'to', 'find', 'nonlinear', 'dependencies', 'between', 'variables', 'on', 'the', 'contrary', 'of', 'the', 'generally', 'used', 'correlation', 'the', 'spline', 'representation', 'is', 'used', 'to', 'get', 'interpretability', 'of', 'the', 'results', 'as', 'groups', 'of', 'consecutive', 'spectral', 'variables', 'will', 'be', 'selected', 'the', 'experiments', 'conducted', 'on', 'nir', 'spectra', 'from', 'fescue', 'grass', 'and', 'diesel', 'fuels', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'method', 'provides', 'clearly', 'identified', 'groups', 'of', 'selected', 'variables', 'making', 'interpretation', 'easy', 'while', 'keeping', 'a', 'low', 'computational', 'load', 'the', 'prediction', 'performances', 'obtained', 'using', 'the', 'selected', 'coefficients', 'are', 'higher', 'than', 'those', 'obtained', 'by', 'the', 'same', 'method', 'applied', 'directly', 'to', 'the', 'original', 'variables', 'and', 'similar', 'to', 'those', 'obtained', 'using', 'traditional', 'models', 'although', 'using', 'significantly', 'less', 'spectral', 'variables']] | [-0.060657077544737, 0.03833923167635934, -0.12491251071536004, 0.0881379653163644, -0.09599818370409685, -0.131259084879529, 0.08484561588974351, 0.38188260813900665, -0.2678751193421041, -0.33252387636976477, 0.12057432726336022, -0.24439695792799715, -0.10934121341736944, 0.22524966242228628, -0.08927453966999008, 0.07413417246515769, 0.0748025550165885, 0.022738549012064485, -0.064454272179368, -0.2781231512442816, 0.27366027971296464, 0.05603733966163136, 0.28877825733696566, -0.05402362863479052, 0.10093221504666167, 0.027507230604262373, -0.11093963035598917, 0.04634556697831352, -0.05813923313173799, 0.14590679925109273, 0.2694950185193665, 0.14960494157208434, 0.2933517777064974, -0.3841387209339905, -0.20468578519039723, 0.1163376265723446, 0.13219264702142267, 0.07715970758879341, 0.008318492957158917, -0.2367248650723274, 0.06077048693090504, -0.13933270049841837, -0.09707231572179427, -0.12015177601363597, -0.03155323509090804, 0.04086118232519294, -0.2999059606863316, 0.07805257924929868, 0.01988153971096342, 0.0395548497182281, -0.037691562576399926, -0.16223862548467033, -0.027205403773258478, 0.12090416576477786, 0.08042120712433848, 0.005699303124349044, 0.10524995044927841, -0.1238350827804615, -0.10739524860739123, 0.3845775087847728, -0.03328437071823553, -0.21863184582988926, 0.2146556038777669, -0.10179567780226556, -0.14974772942147774, 0.1396284814118119, 0.1491150324676879, 0.13669496622701832, -0.1721003059443996, 0.029994605197873538, -0.01882138132305397, 0.19164135080199082, 0.03383212932656238, 0.013328799531865476, 0.1605646084369586, 0.1550507403225656, 0.030515474141864177, 0.1391484258775852, -0.1000910794846136, -0.0564022175798485, -0.2618494488997385, -0.11443847943775991, -0.19799655687890572, -0.025418486216921332, -0.10686579597090748, -0.15529567280390782, 0.38854522969485294, 0.18627283396018857, 0.2143946923947236, 0.04245855931874885, 0.29604454294150306, 0.12930090299919392, 0.1055385292326768, 0.048206904532149604, 0.2006700992513838, 0.13226514921321483, 0.07497503107157355, -0.19096733564411672, 0.09698015034501982, 0.05871553692421623] |
709.364 | Resampling methods for parameter-free and robust feature selection with
mutual information | Combining the mutual information criterion with a forward feature selection
strategy offers a good trade-off between optimality of the selected feature
subset and computation time. However, it requires to set the parameter(s) of
the mutual information estimator and to determine when to halt the forward
procedure. These two choices are difficult to make because, as the
dimensionality of the subset increases, the estimation of the mutual
information becomes less and less reliable. This paper proposes to use
resampling methods, a K-fold cross-validation and the permutation test, to
address both issues. The resampling methods bring information about the
variance of the estimator, information which can then be used to automatically
set the parameter and to calculate a threshold to stop the forward procedure.
The procedure is illustrated on a synthetic dataset as well as on real-world
examples.
| cs.LG stat.AP | combining the mutual information criterion with a forward feature selection strategy offers a good tradeoff between optimality of the selected feature subset and computation time however it requires to set the parameters of the mutual information estimator and to determine when to halt the forward procedure these two choices are difficult to make because as the dimensionality of the subset increases the estimation of the mutual information becomes less and less reliable this paper proposes to use resampling methods a kfold crossvalidation and the permutation test to address both issues the resampling methods bring information about the variance of the estimator information which can then be used to automatically set the parameter and to calculate a threshold to stop the forward procedure the procedure is illustrated on a synthetic dataset as well as on realworld examples | [['combining', 'the', 'mutual', 'information', 'criterion', 'with', 'a', 'forward', 'feature', 'selection', 'strategy', 'offers', 'a', 'good', 'tradeoff', 'between', 'optimality', 'of', 'the', 'selected', 'feature', 'subset', 'and', 'computation', 'time', 'however', 'it', 'requires', 'to', 'set', 'the', 'parameters', 'of', 'the', 'mutual', 'information', 'estimator', 'and', 'to', 'determine', 'when', 'to', 'halt', 'the', 'forward', 'procedure', 'these', 'two', 'choices', 'are', 'difficult', 'to', 'make', 'because', 'as', 'the', 'dimensionality', 'of', 'the', 'subset', 'increases', 'the', 'estimation', 'of', 'the', 'mutual', 'information', 'becomes', 'less', 'and', 'less', 'reliable', 'this', 'paper', 'proposes', 'to', 'use', 'resampling', 'methods', 'a', 'kfold', 'crossvalidation', 'and', 'the', 'permutation', 'test', 'to', 'address', 'both', 'issues', 'the', 'resampling', 'methods', 'bring', 'information', 'about', 'the', 'variance', 'of', 'the', 'estimator', 'information', 'which', 'can', 'then', 'be', 'used', 'to', 'automatically', 'set', 'the', 'parameter', 'and', 'to', 'calculate', 'a', 'threshold', 'to', 'stop', 'the', 'forward', 'procedure', 'the', 'procedure', 'is', 'illustrated', 'on', 'a', 'synthetic', 'dataset', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'on', 'realworld', 'examples']] | [-0.0447930308908005, 0.0071644460652297475, -0.10428431420587003, 0.11667182793933213, -0.12898613988449248, -0.17821207923663998, 0.13210724730400697, 0.38741800315020714, -0.30008221263586377, -0.35270293083671916, 0.15297076571047963, -0.2678395703174722, -0.12466247644795872, 0.19848314963746816, -0.11124564398072406, 0.09012393817401436, 0.08505220275700968, 0.036457419984371346, -0.06136829184577115, -0.2855497234096915, 0.29135569045320153, 0.09399752772194059, 0.33255664309185434, 0.028281106750535613, 0.13791683050353373, 0.025859745643923387, -0.07972541772281094, 0.0060960361083476425, -0.12021918714676491, 0.1249642158012755, 0.27153233897543566, 0.20281998245114022, 0.35851936413468244, -0.35284954291658804, -0.1602109453353264, 0.13265081647756127, 0.14193811419981478, 0.13716167384186786, 0.023060606349163744, -0.2617115599363494, 0.09248188906006843, -0.1390728162131221, -0.05577162680599619, -0.12493637059678268, -0.020756192409488207, -0.028634529640411903, -0.34603830357253385, 0.043388067374882454, 0.025945996106362574, 0.02787894121138379, 0.03368912257514346, -0.10521901517366881, -0.029336344402776483, 0.14199936224994256, 0.08345736593165544, 0.00814392662655069, 0.13260327376466355, -0.10845030131167732, -0.08990172562463318, 0.3482227608636843, 0.010971247251077062, -0.25740952340557294, 0.17760605018188738, -0.05965579066918615, -0.0837178598763678, 0.1035135128083365, 0.19648420626917334, 0.09532221863457166, -0.17111205185906062, -0.01980639658294796, 0.01563176911954275, 0.17473503207678304, 0.030644821752931047, 0.04760869069928851, 0.1609209946164971, 0.18328077635584017, 0.09570067554972518, 0.15317945016174825, -0.14701452199712067, -0.08217581627233063, -0.29023165229420345, -0.1341674146379399, -0.1961735077750157, -0.031156713991282125, -0.1284817820717709, -0.15644073122701443, 0.36220953822296853, 0.22459009906400323, 0.23881918660053464, 0.06174045457651921, 0.345427612965817, 0.07725040353291072, 0.05274033406920567, 0.06582393414025907, 0.20014192223863894, 0.10632267338223755, 0.04645742691012428, -0.19967905101914177, 0.1010566021055531, 0.059316490758004985] |
709.3641 | Representation of Functional Data in Neural Networks | Functional Data Analysis (FDA) is an extension of traditional data analysis
to functional data, for example spectra, temporal series, spatio-temporal
images, gesture recognition data, etc. Functional data are rarely known in
practice; usually a regular or irregular sampling is known. For this reason,
some processing is needed in order to benefit from the smooth character of
functional data in the analysis methods. This paper shows how to extend the
Radial-Basis Function Networks (RBFN) and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) models
to functional data inputs, in particular when the latter are known through
lists of input-output pairs. Various possibilities for functional processing
are discussed, including the projection on smooth bases, Functional Principal
Component Analysis, functional centering and reduction, and the use of
differential operators. It is shown how to incorporate these functional
processing into the RBFN and MLP models. The functional approach is illustrated
on a benchmark of spectrometric data analysis.
| cs.NE | functional data analysis fda is an extension of traditional data analysis to functional data for example spectra temporal series spatiotemporal images gesture recognition data etc functional data are rarely known in practice usually a regular or irregular sampling is known for this reason some processing is needed in order to benefit from the smooth character of functional data in the analysis methods this paper shows how to extend the radialbasis function networks rbfn and multilayer perceptron mlp models to functional data inputs in particular when the latter are known through lists of inputoutput pairs various possibilities for functional processing are discussed including the projection on smooth bases functional principal component analysis functional centering and reduction and the use of differential operators it is shown how to incorporate these functional processing into the rbfn and mlp models the functional approach is illustrated on a benchmark of spectrometric data analysis | [['functional', 'data', 'analysis', 'fda', 'is', 'an', 'extension', 'of', 'traditional', 'data', 'analysis', 'to', 'functional', 'data', 'for', 'example', 'spectra', 'temporal', 'series', 'spatiotemporal', 'images', 'gesture', 'recognition', 'data', 'etc', 'functional', 'data', 'are', 'rarely', 'known', 'in', 'practice', 'usually', 'a', 'regular', 'or', 'irregular', 'sampling', 'is', 'known', 'for', 'this', 'reason', 'some', 'processing', 'is', 'needed', 'in', 'order', 'to', 'benefit', 'from', 'the', 'smooth', 'character', 'of', 'functional', 'data', 'in', 'the', 'analysis', 'methods', 'this', 'paper', 'shows', 'how', 'to', 'extend', 'the', 'radialbasis', 'function', 'networks', 'rbfn', 'and', 'multilayer', 'perceptron', 'mlp', 'models', 'to', 'functional', 'data', 'inputs', 'in', 'particular', 'when', 'the', 'latter', 'are', 'known', 'through', 'lists', 'of', 'inputoutput', 'pairs', 'various', 'possibilities', 'for', 'functional', 'processing', 'are', 'discussed', 'including', 'the', 'projection', 'on', 'smooth', 'bases', 'functional', 'principal', 'component', 'analysis', 'functional', 'centering', 'and', 'reduction', 'and', 'the', 'use', 'of', 'differential', 'operators', 'it', 'is', 'shown', 'how', 'to', 'incorporate', 'these', 'functional', 'processing', 'into', 'the', 'rbfn', 'and', 'mlp', 'models', 'the', 'functional', 'approach', 'is', 'illustrated', 'on', 'a', 'benchmark', 'of', 'spectrometric', 'data', 'analysis']] | [-0.05694508834071835, -0.04485554303539322, -0.11551484044458768, 0.13030241724226396, -0.09204901529104777, -0.12002811874137134, 0.013022934446092444, 0.39225885327402, -0.3029585958468709, -0.3152382273126293, 0.13607581104844105, -0.326375240283842, -0.22203959516608282, 0.21469908463296708, -0.07454685389057959, 0.11303711831695526, 0.09995890129278917, 0.06152854299147588, -0.04688059771118837, -0.23846428791718632, 0.31537474722072883, 0.01389503710890642, 0.3382344730731298, -0.022827447033361405, 0.06275929245040626, 0.03332413665358783, -0.08142255005156118, -0.021677991192444932, -0.0646343998205093, 0.1882856908644474, 0.33080759204239185, 0.1736768342403544, 0.28261557035148144, -0.4628234700287214, -0.23910650467764386, 0.04980101715144072, 0.1069902821296096, 0.07999890745692961, -0.022636957951141772, -0.2668436128658721, 0.08674089628825518, -0.11374788497876678, -0.050451414892449975, -0.17738836066721864, 0.0059079135448759975, 0.036705115684182256, -0.285567896849652, 0.0717783900342781, 0.03506114527054534, 0.10778628980010949, -0.07122529577778501, -0.11708891959829457, -0.026482564410528268, 0.10465151660016114, 0.04375345797067181, 0.018534238382582426, 0.12835647374064335, -0.10971924669826655, -0.09965342526147897, 0.3341139463481267, -0.059760298756914014, -0.22450474350134264, 0.1941487902863505, -0.0817914845978816, -0.2080849582341978, 0.0693903292617383, 0.18629718069742257, 0.08788453822804464, -0.20873811650469448, 0.07921314141178201, 0.010683532200149587, 0.1971447543269401, 0.017710616758621827, -0.013610405465147484, 0.10338030904657333, 0.22742849674289795, 0.01912663190474583, 0.11430911698089158, -0.11926589163989332, -0.08244944417949866, -0.26652620253279, -0.12394380959606655, -0.18534242433678308, -0.04007513050502796, -0.09269337237905396, -0.17572123048307117, 0.38255537009949014, 0.1395717436460325, 0.1795807187508389, 0.051479821395431016, 0.32442762630966465, 0.11413325402080207, 0.12952695937978254, 0.026988255612023577, 0.12722483906297902, 0.12825883084411002, 0.10287649802095886, -0.13559380468025148, 0.052437857481079944, 0.021654503103786124] |
709.3642 | Functional Multi-Layer Perceptron: a Nonlinear Tool for Functional Data
Analysis | In this paper, we study a natural extension of Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLP)
to functional inputs. We show that fundamental results for classical MLP can be
extended to functional MLP. We obtain universal approximation results that show
the expressive power of functional MLP is comparable to that of numerical MLP.
We obtain consistency results which imply that the estimation of optimal
parameters for functional MLP is statistically well defined. We finally show on
simulated and real world data that the proposed model performs in a very
satisfactory way.
| cs.NE | in this paper we study a natural extension of multilayer perceptrons mlp to functional inputs we show that fundamental results for classical mlp can be extended to functional mlp we obtain universal approximation results that show the expressive power of functional mlp is comparable to that of numerical mlp we obtain consistency results which imply that the estimation of optimal parameters for functional mlp is statistically well defined we finally show on simulated and real world data that the proposed model performs in a very satisfactory way | [['in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'study', 'a', 'natural', 'extension', 'of', 'multilayer', 'perceptrons', 'mlp', 'to', 'functional', 'inputs', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'fundamental', 'results', 'for', 'classical', 'mlp', 'can', 'be', 'extended', 'to', 'functional', 'mlp', 'we', 'obtain', 'universal', 'approximation', 'results', 'that', 'show', 'the', 'expressive', 'power', 'of', 'functional', 'mlp', 'is', 'comparable', 'to', 'that', 'of', 'numerical', 'mlp', 'we', 'obtain', 'consistency', 'results', 'which', 'imply', 'that', 'the', 'estimation', 'of', 'optimal', 'parameters', 'for', 'functional', 'mlp', 'is', 'statistically', 'well', 'defined', 'we', 'finally', 'show', 'on', 'simulated', 'and', 'real', 'world', 'data', 'that', 'the', 'proposed', 'model', 'performs', 'in', 'a', 'very', 'satisfactory', 'way']] | [-0.02893182384813654, -0.030669476927911072, -0.12144568718263302, 0.13266782125393892, -0.07986666968670385, -0.149416276130654, 0.06492443706160518, 0.42218771761004953, -0.2679560485392295, -0.31107627754581385, 0.02885947761730687, -0.23475509967612124, -0.30169844388662054, 0.23903926020627306, -0.07385857501763037, 0.11347401895742307, 0.11994934397824537, 0.06573523668272571, -0.04239816930219959, -0.29061758025795564, 0.2849193941373592, 0.029799608497655596, 0.31226265819538546, 0.0024852720035732478, 0.1127909856016116, -0.03422023832862233, 0.022481807161004806, 0.07998008331305337, -0.09974053390693768, 0.1632174549613619, 0.27718327575545204, 0.1377655341686017, 0.24628993840995192, -0.4327584982838953, -0.2365258832812716, 0.04178964025501547, 0.12446970069759536, 0.06872511672621442, -0.01596719373001492, -0.2288544677283572, 0.20777036040892888, -0.16723298784024243, -0.08743128070243816, -0.17813167156887122, -0.02782854654066179, 0.04346115567892704, -0.3442114667067754, 0.08536179849192843, 0.07143961050649356, 0.0074315497908612775, -0.1198501099307818, -0.12991006797361562, -0.006303742364712659, 0.08436091862961478, 0.00046947397607453596, 0.02998185352871901, 0.11507135951870132, -0.11602774367871127, -0.13230728652413892, 0.3254752553913785, -0.13707555053640563, -0.22926925880641774, 0.1882276157286532, -0.09876917078876975, -0.18363798455731278, -0.0006437976282603782, 0.21294883484202812, 0.06517497130038066, -0.13796369355685753, 0.05759143257639424, -0.13918044172955313, 0.2249184891838452, 0.018082438010037286, -0.02151737079002905, 0.08489430771776657, 0.2532562033069887, 0.03749853006467737, 0.15576005615855984, -0.09692003881162696, -0.10159651939382498, -0.28180885468020866, -0.16913652275394564, -0.19045462433634133, 0.006163822115002863, -0.11460190582682576, -0.18922929846863637, 0.4236802189428916, 0.21792818920288085, 0.1933838136322882, 0.1701622169007194, 0.31654802509101815, 0.162115847097774, 0.0686185966157515, 0.08463294905792365, 0.23643717536938258, 0.09641235658963179, 0.03503369463436391, -0.12330823512640836, 0.05996478988050387, 0.022421623486490256] |
709.3643 | Broad Line Emission in Low-Metallicity Blue Compact Dwarf Galaxies:
Evidence for Stellar Wind, Supernova and Possible AGN Activity | We present spectra of a large sample of low-metallicity blue compact dwarf
galaxies which exhibit broad components in their strong emission lines, mainly
in Hbeta, [O III]4959, 5007 and Halpha. Twenty-three spectra have been obtained
with the MMT, 14 of which show broad emission. The remaining 21 spectra with
broad emission have been selected from the Data Release 5 of the Sloan Digital
Sky Survey. The most plausible origin of broad line emission is the evolution
of massive stars and their interaction with the circumstellar and interstellar
medium. The broad emission with the lowest H$\alpha$ luminosities (10^36 -
10^39 erg/s) is likely produced in circumstellar envelopes around hot Ofp/WN9
and/or LBV stars. The broad emission with the highest Halpha luminosities
(10^40 - 10^42 erg/s) probably arises from type IIp or type IIn supernovae
(SNe). It can also come from active galactic nuclei (AGN) containing
intermediate-mass black holes, although we find no strong evidence for hard
non-thermal radiation in our sample galaxies. The oxygen abundance in the host
galaxies with SN candidates is low and varies in the range 12 + log O/H = 7.36
- 8.31. However, type IIn SN / AGN candidates are found only in galaxies with
12 + log O/H < 7.99. Spectroscopic monitoring of these type IIn SN / AGN
candidates over a time scale of several years is necessary to distinguish
between the two possibilities.
| astro-ph | we present spectra of a large sample of lowmetallicity blue compact dwarf galaxies which exhibit broad components in their strong emission lines mainly in hbeta o iii4959 5007 and halpha twentythree spectra have been obtained with the mmt 14 of which show broad emission the remaining 21 spectra with broad emission have been selected from the data release 5 of the sloan digital sky survey the most plausible origin of broad line emission is the evolution of massive stars and their interaction with the circumstellar and interstellar medium the broad emission with the lowest halpha luminosities 1036 1039 ergs is likely produced in circumstellar envelopes around hot ofpwn9 andor lbv stars the broad emission with the highest halpha luminosities 1040 1042 ergs probably arises from type iip or type iin supernovae sne it can also come from active galactic nuclei agn containing intermediatemass black holes although we find no strong evidence for hard nonthermal radiation in our sample galaxies the oxygen abundance in the host galaxies with sn candidates is low and varies in the range 12 log oh 736 831 however type iin sn agn candidates are found only in galaxies with 12 log oh 799 spectroscopic monitoring of these type iin sn agn candidates over a time scale of several years is necessary to distinguish between the two possibilities | [['we', 'present', 'spectra', 'of', 'a', 'large', 'sample', 'of', 'lowmetallicity', 'blue', 'compact', 'dwarf', 'galaxies', 'which', 'exhibit', 'broad', 'components', 'in', 'their', 'strong', 'emission', 'lines', 'mainly', 'in', 'hbeta', 'o', 'iii4959', '5007', 'and', 'halpha', 'twentythree', 'spectra', 'have', 'been', 'obtained', 'with', 'the', 'mmt', '14', 'of', 'which', 'show', 'broad', 'emission', 'the', 'remaining', '21', 'spectra', 'with', 'broad', 'emission', 'have', 'been', 'selected', 'from', 'the', 'data', 'release', '5', 'of', 'the', 'sloan', 'digital', 'sky', 'survey', 'the', 'most', 'plausible', 'origin', 'of', 'broad', 'line', 'emission', 'is', 'the', 'evolution', 'of', 'massive', 'stars', 'and', 'their', 'interaction', 'with', 'the', 'circumstellar', 'and', 'interstellar', 'medium', 'the', 'broad', 'emission', 'with', 'the', 'lowest', 'halpha', 'luminosities', '1036', '1039', 'ergs', 'is', 'likely', 'produced', 'in', 'circumstellar', 'envelopes', 'around', 'hot', 'ofpwn9', 'andor', 'lbv', 'stars', 'the', 'broad', 'emission', 'with', 'the', 'highest', 'halpha', 'luminosities', '1040', '1042', 'ergs', 'probably', 'arises', 'from', 'type', 'iip', 'or', 'type', 'iin', 'supernovae', 'sne', 'it', 'can', 'also', 'come', 'from', 'active', 'galactic', 'nuclei', 'agn', 'containing', 'intermediatemass', 'black', 'holes', 'although', 'we', 'find', 'no', 'strong', 'evidence', 'for', 'hard', 'nonthermal', 'radiation', 'in', 'our', 'sample', 'galaxies', 'the', 'oxygen', 'abundance', 'in', 'the', 'host', 'galaxies', 'with', 'sn', 'candidates', 'is', 'low', 'and', 'varies', 'in', 'the', 'range', '12', 'log', 'oh', '736', '831', 'however', 'type', 'iin', 'sn', 'agn', 'candidates', 'are', 'found', 'only', 'in', 'galaxies', 'with', '12', 'log', 'oh', '799', 'spectroscopic', 'monitoring', 'of', 'these', 'type', 'iin', 'sn', 'agn', 'candidates', 'over', 'a', 'time', 'scale', 'of', 'several', 'years', 'is', 'necessary', 'to', 'distinguish', 'between', 'the', 'two', 'possibilities']] | [-0.009478048008697277, 0.07940355992283334, 0.03622064682475122, 0.11690577367130159, -0.12502347713558595, -0.11592841514026407, 0.04012949012050575, 0.5167473139410669, -0.09384598138329403, -0.339427294857292, 0.03457327040642585, -0.36753910721957006, 0.05725437814306299, 0.19237419316142967, -0.007988931398490835, -0.10469690809153359, 0.031119298024780372, -0.14908748672724786, -0.025214732412926176, -0.2956979540240189, 0.2837797400351106, 0.025646778713615443, 0.1563907943560149, -0.04714508327517913, 0.025627380926744082, -0.16422320266931573, -0.08764112996445461, -0.06402317382691597, -0.1260717135293155, 0.021073137733831324, 0.2870611461813413, 0.18428249440409922, 0.20742914860390804, -0.2854522487272334, -0.22247415314936503, 0.11898174606705486, 0.22078105342463294, 0.010120990346397527, -0.07518375097054311, -0.2648396615870297, 0.058960310291414235, -0.2043757037587718, -0.16532060515601188, 0.14156957789355973, 0.08830554371974854, 0.08132475071152757, -0.1755229934415018, 0.14419089998952006, 0.006032731304929422, 0.1425935514408841, -0.13395408697913147, -0.100257212766552, -0.09518383941295641, -0.010725974980530075, 0.03123694144358689, 0.03081205931904895, 0.15051109837368132, -0.13447844193697991, -0.0028484670212492345, 0.42669341077244927, -0.06978771565058692, 0.15686795372007922, 0.2658002789386294, -0.2140791404897093, -0.20763734577604653, 0.25884171072023243, 0.12378982311453332, 0.15893001984487373, -0.1681801343156787, -0.010424947328944903, -0.018192053072958847, 0.23057513319971887, -0.005776247988581996, 0.15978664140354587, 0.33368797471154144, 0.04747920773013241, -0.032034291095525, 0.0698566304406003, -0.2903558317783543, 0.02375767771154642, -0.25002549999097196, -0.07799700602508065, -0.09925870663190091, 0.18484147821013308, -0.16979097420302092, -0.11803853791471655, 0.31033386500150134, 0.041814946377417075, 0.24500692409399727, 0.00018950166201896288, 0.2401993183300874, 0.07812697388792665, 0.1262506255678917, 0.14812654380009255, 0.3563969209917228, 0.1905816877940114, 0.12009345210654745, -0.2203061805223115, 0.04291755790737542, -0.005518153209546158] |
709.3644 | Radio Source Heating in the ICM: The Example of Cygnus A | One of the most promising solutions for the cooling flow problem involves
energy injection from the central AGN. However it is still not clear how
collimated jets can heat the ICM at large scale, and very little is known
concerning the effect of radio lobe expansion as they enter into pressure
equilibrium with the surrounding cluster gas. Cygnus A is one of the best
examples of a nearby powerful radio galaxy for which the synchrotron emitting
plasma and thermal emitting intra-cluster medium can be mapped in fine detail,
and previous observations have inferred possible shock structure at the
location of the cocoon. We use new XMM-Newton observations of Cygnus A, in
combination with deep Chandra observations, to measure the temperature of the
intra-cluster medium around the expanding radio cavities. We investigate how
inflation of the cavities may relate to shock heating of the intra-cluster gas,
and whether such a mechanism is sufficient to provide enough energy to offset
cooling to the extent observed.
| astro-ph | one of the most promising solutions for the cooling flow problem involves energy injection from the central agn however it is still not clear how collimated jets can heat the icm at large scale and very little is known concerning the effect of radio lobe expansion as they enter into pressure equilibrium with the surrounding cluster gas cygnus a is one of the best examples of a nearby powerful radio galaxy for which the synchrotron emitting plasma and thermal emitting intracluster medium can be mapped in fine detail and previous observations have inferred possible shock structure at the location of the cocoon we use new xmmnewton observations of cygnus a in combination with deep chandra observations to measure the temperature of the intracluster medium around the expanding radio cavities we investigate how inflation of the cavities may relate to shock heating of the intracluster gas and whether such a mechanism is sufficient to provide enough energy to offset cooling to the extent observed | [['one', 'of', 'the', 'most', 'promising', 'solutions', 'for', 'the', 'cooling', 'flow', 'problem', 'involves', 'energy', 'injection', 'from', 'the', 'central', 'agn', 'however', 'it', 'is', 'still', 'not', 'clear', 'how', 'collimated', 'jets', 'can', 'heat', 'the', 'icm', 'at', 'large', 'scale', 'and', 'very', 'little', 'is', 'known', 'concerning', 'the', 'effect', 'of', 'radio', 'lobe', 'expansion', 'as', 'they', 'enter', 'into', 'pressure', 'equilibrium', 'with', 'the', 'surrounding', 'cluster', 'gas', 'cygnus', 'a', 'is', 'one', 'of', 'the', 'best', 'examples', 'of', 'a', 'nearby', 'powerful', 'radio', 'galaxy', 'for', 'which', 'the', 'synchrotron', 'emitting', 'plasma', 'and', 'thermal', 'emitting', 'intracluster', 'medium', 'can', 'be', 'mapped', 'in', 'fine', 'detail', 'and', 'previous', 'observations', 'have', 'inferred', 'possible', 'shock', 'structure', 'at', 'the', 'location', 'of', 'the', 'cocoon', 'we', 'use', 'new', 'xmmnewton', 'observations', 'of', 'cygnus', 'a', 'in', 'combination', 'with', 'deep', 'chandra', 'observations', 'to', 'measure', 'the', 'temperature', 'of', 'the', 'intracluster', 'medium', 'around', 'the', 'expanding', 'radio', 'cavities', 'we', 'investigate', 'how', 'inflation', 'of', 'the', 'cavities', 'may', 'relate', 'to', 'shock', 'heating', 'of', 'the', 'intracluster', 'gas', 'and', 'whether', 'such', 'a', 'mechanism', 'is', 'sufficient', 'to', 'provide', 'enough', 'energy', 'to', 'offset', 'cooling', 'to', 'the', 'extent', 'observed']] | [-0.07288669402949638, 0.12729349069331594, -0.08284804225825002, 0.10830876899224655, -0.14831617209443285, -0.09359858268043426, 0.052009024434477275, 0.44020486281373383, -0.2522490810468276, -0.3099106388635065, 0.09498566415795108, -0.27617574949388857, 0.0022585617086958664, 0.20306990613898068, 0.023683521019557684, -0.0387115007419242, 0.029244002960393766, -0.057494931624155275, -0.0032510252028812247, -0.20351882164789353, 0.3095197578502156, 0.1689468106107452, 0.19951152271288305, 0.06912374986404199, 0.09683327037452555, -0.12092931229437978, -0.029693235047561533, 0.003303168895740085, -0.09643374523960348, 0.033939940473164766, 0.2111873948243818, 0.11938755352912825, 0.24542653728788932, -0.43579105911719285, -0.2830427489100607, 0.06711439530522652, 0.19954072707475512, 0.030211920687586692, -0.05000392914295448, -0.22298970175164243, 0.036434228377748124, -0.19007347747426412, -0.1979236136207734, 0.036483414522572165, -0.0180350653598645, 0.029194272971037844, -0.19960496384554766, 0.12043624507131889, 0.0028022616770278456, -0.009059605845735848, -0.09752030166557367, -0.019111285526076893, -0.011427891817789502, 0.10516653934127988, 0.044362519733447785, 0.06970338943625795, 0.22005201523917858, -0.16296066240938895, -0.028665623341921284, 0.420954663192202, -0.03257802523032653, -0.02919733255638804, 0.24546122189576916, -0.22993097584008987, -0.16726468052955035, 0.17091542029856172, 0.15182113828868862, 0.05677108814853438, -0.14005153861355346, -0.009512118425254533, -0.06707884472554858, 0.18116739069388757, 0.05297599208364092, 0.06583298917760161, 0.2996968178112814, 0.13651283596716593, 0.038250527343215664, 0.18607638006032862, -0.18057393404638017, -0.027625747793854037, -0.2527526911930895, -0.0871317071948726, -0.1450300468460434, 0.09115477774638263, -0.11570492550192195, -0.1341154546779723, 0.3591912069052252, 0.11775926016685354, 0.17678237429311489, -0.052990085051817806, 0.3451712125329518, 0.07487216102497858, 0.06902324590629161, 0.17887890606010162, 0.30696432309030935, 0.193635105772481, 0.1336769602301479, -0.25184811849005667, 0.0690130425097158, -0.0019310041447884283] |
709.3645 | Stable First-order Particle-frame Relativistic Hydrodynamics for
Dissipative Systems | We propose a stable first-order relativistic dissipative hydrodynamic
equation in the particle frame (Eckart frame) for the first time. The equation
to be proposed was in fact previously derived by the authors and a collaborator
from the relativistic Boltzmann equation. We demonstrate that the equilibrium
state is stable with respect to the time evolution described by our
hydrodynamic equation in the particle frame. Our equation may be a proper
starting point for constructing second-order causal relativistic hydrodynamics,
to replace Eckart's particle-flow theory.
| nucl-th hep-ph physics.flu-dyn | we propose a stable firstorder relativistic dissipative hydrodynamic equation in the particle frame eckart frame for the first time the equation to be proposed was in fact previously derived by the authors and a collaborator from the relativistic boltzmann equation we demonstrate that the equilibrium state is stable with respect to the time evolution described by our hydrodynamic equation in the particle frame our equation may be a proper starting point for constructing secondorder causal relativistic hydrodynamics to replace eckarts particleflow theory | [['we', 'propose', 'a', 'stable', 'firstorder', 'relativistic', 'dissipative', 'hydrodynamic', 'equation', 'in', 'the', 'particle', 'frame', 'eckart', 'frame', 'for', 'the', 'first', 'time', 'the', 'equation', 'to', 'be', 'proposed', 'was', 'in', 'fact', 'previously', 'derived', 'by', 'the', 'authors', 'and', 'a', 'collaborator', 'from', 'the', 'relativistic', 'boltzmann', 'equation', 'we', 'demonstrate', 'that', 'the', 'equilibrium', 'state', 'is', 'stable', 'with', 'respect', 'to', 'the', 'time', 'evolution', 'described', 'by', 'our', 'hydrodynamic', 'equation', 'in', 'the', 'particle', 'frame', 'our', 'equation', 'may', 'be', 'a', 'proper', 'starting', 'point', 'for', 'constructing', 'secondorder', 'causal', 'relativistic', 'hydrodynamics', 'to', 'replace', 'eckarts', 'particleflow', 'theory']] | [-0.0777971721538229, 0.09597206157745748, -0.186225797442248, 0.06217956521531295, -0.07894897903883602, -0.12697782512277184, -0.04033981858349473, 0.31069956167896345, -0.29328559784264097, -0.24815143496380188, 0.009726052185259305, -0.24888691849007114, -0.06457783524571668, 0.13904420366204093, -0.01926694884214823, 0.08603976671470374, 0.08672912191974408, 0.03752934613560394, -0.08905158789044745, -0.1942253684193441, 0.3186005851219794, 0.10599288044542801, 0.209359149743871, -0.044657994010599285, 0.16003177050932696, -0.015192745094437425, -0.023142002920461136, 0.0688991054208245, -0.15322713964242876, 0.031746844204551566, 0.22936466690465218, 0.049764231335735175, 0.2634974790555311, -0.4419722277443947, -0.2981090471943522, 0.02586108542660751, 0.09159881370028526, 0.23017162282201575, -0.06053205766919546, -0.3127877783802588, 0.06487508658774016, -0.19136235950423813, -0.19476532036574876, -0.06066946961303673, 0.024422767549389747, 0.025059762067252363, -0.2437710343155919, 0.1380815409640668, 0.07165776477791597, -0.04428417376447015, -0.13338465173160885, -0.03524705062892924, 0.0013231541336763922, 0.02525119242122079, 0.003864985001954909, 0.06931313919471349, 0.08111182167535512, -0.09879451583525757, -0.11096183077727513, 0.4586102881627839, -0.11903394693963049, -0.26108119601565527, 0.15058588910643467, -0.1275315512448731, -0.08287167655894669, 0.13180454952142587, 0.13716130811016916, 0.15723242971864415, -0.22244128218011522, 0.08000097418050978, -0.048730680693463396, 0.11996274491631505, 0.06929232650038945, -0.06241671769970619, 0.17096783903359278, 0.13379348196634433, -0.019941870111790373, 0.09360426751237999, -0.03422656664397658, -0.20827148754785701, -0.3600649938850505, -0.1743981989253903, -0.1947689557720612, 0.05767779150500712, -0.0699632040438989, -0.12283809354710507, 0.3633732810934506, 0.1755693541206533, 0.10505995765419268, 0.051332893559890916, 0.260599737214606, 0.20844194252418763, -0.027401722172593197, 0.13206741401766678, 0.2968554555320624, 0.13014460695203303, 0.15000449916597727, -0.2599983597543409, 0.008520788246220568, 0.18055970970223226] |
709.3646 | A convenient category of locally preordered spaces | As a practical foundation for a homotopy theory of abstract spacetime, we
extend a category of certain compact partially ordered spaces to a convenient
category of locally preordered spaces. In particular, we show that our new
category is Cartesian closed and that the forgetful functor to the category of
compactly generated spaces creates all limits and colimits.
| math.AT | as a practical foundation for a homotopy theory of abstract spacetime we extend a category of certain compact partially ordered spaces to a convenient category of locally preordered spaces in particular we show that our new category is cartesian closed and that the forgetful functor to the category of compactly generated spaces creates all limits and colimits | [['as', 'a', 'practical', 'foundation', 'for', 'a', 'homotopy', 'theory', 'of', 'abstract', 'spacetime', 'we', 'extend', 'a', 'category', 'of', 'certain', 'compact', 'partially', 'ordered', 'spaces', 'to', 'a', 'convenient', 'category', 'of', 'locally', 'preordered', 'spaces', 'in', 'particular', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'our', 'new', 'category', 'is', 'cartesian', 'closed', 'and', 'that', 'the', 'forgetful', 'functor', 'to', 'the', 'category', 'of', 'compactly', 'generated', 'spaces', 'creates', 'all', 'limits', 'and', 'colimits']] | [-0.13692587967798636, 0.08366361079051306, -0.06709799329390782, 0.15923104676409838, -0.15855835093054593, -0.07768752072986804, 0.014567007986714313, 0.42234735194136175, -0.41212108342401815, -0.11285566878423356, 0.09295500095794794, -0.1646101445770463, -0.12787406676726645, 0.20437162134208178, -0.21965293955515353, -0.06871372873470057, 0.08767341593639892, 0.10607742155460935, -0.07651452796141568, -0.22570059015497304, 0.5282460238147331, -0.07124256891639609, 0.2832431910800663, 0.02748600677832177, 0.14150069285135128, -0.004618697636352296, 0.024320018298008984, 0.08119352678196472, -0.12330665681312032, 0.20078473025422314, 0.37957829433052165, 0.10245608536755307, 0.22574554678673545, -0.363069573286594, -0.13673511830468973, 0.15080586652549213, 0.08822718560042088, 0.046963093655281944, -0.04813770941671049, -0.4007987585245517, 0.13386028818786144, -0.2502515717458568, -0.06425271031299704, -0.1470766963433115, 0.09147828662147124, 0.009770036609679983, -0.2959412757568715, -0.13159598695244967, 0.11931401569592326, 0.054897864136779516, -0.15798877472907566, 0.00792801062364066, -0.12417380753169327, 0.11802798071712778, -0.09617228033592957, 0.06507490975618885, 0.1351365910581591, -0.04435547986966476, -0.11644659070052991, 0.3852487931910314, -0.07895837523239224, -0.24699465667404102, 0.16624518299246566, -0.14706544783946715, -0.1806411396450641, 0.1326759846782998, 0.04332038044537369, 0.1787449226044772, -0.02484664323600826, 0.23118407109123246, -0.16031904137088804, 0.06255526428944186, 0.07725535869075541, 0.0873472599247307, 0.13823103113916882, 0.17893092958011517, 0.07597892193875291, 0.16293973481413304, 0.04638954895760929, -0.08001622163972474, -0.38976092767297177, -0.20086264022086797, -0.057465696966749406, 0.08913691039605622, -0.08822067613711401, -0.26291899664098756, 0.3301134397063339, 0.14010361879410452, 0.14592829010073552, 0.21465857791011794, 0.2580162108990184, -0.021714814313638368, 0.003601865859277416, 0.026398301557556056, 0.11371936822277412, 0.24173408060481674, 0.00047943031766631625, 0.03743449212133623, -0.05529989965521453, 0.2117737832217755] |
709.3647 | A light non-standard Higgs boson: to be or not to be at a (Super) B
factory? | A light non-standard Higgs boson decaying mainly into $\tau^+\tau^-$ has not
been yet ruled out by LEP searches in several scenarios. We verify that, in the
context of the Next-to-Minimal-Supersymmetric Standard Model, a low-mass CP-odd
(mostly but not completely singlet-like) Higgs boson can couple strongly enough
to down-type fermions to be detected in radiative $\Upsilon$ decays into
tauonic pairs at a high-luminosity B factory. Possible spectroscopic effects of
a mixing with $\eta_b$ resonances are also analyzed
| hep-ph | a light nonstandard higgs boson decaying mainly into tautau has not been yet ruled out by lep searches in several scenarios we verify that in the context of the nexttominimalsupersymmetric standard model a lowmass cpodd mostly but not completely singletlike higgs boson can couple strongly enough to downtype fermions to be detected in radiative upsilon decays into tauonic pairs at a highluminosity b factory possible spectroscopic effects of a mixing with eta_b resonances are also analyzed | [['a', 'light', 'nonstandard', 'higgs', 'boson', 'decaying', 'mainly', 'into', 'tautau', 'has', 'not', 'been', 'yet', 'ruled', 'out', 'by', 'lep', 'searches', 'in', 'several', 'scenarios', 'we', 'verify', 'that', 'in', 'the', 'context', 'of', 'the', 'nexttominimalsupersymmetric', 'standard', 'model', 'a', 'lowmass', 'cpodd', 'mostly', 'but', 'not', 'completely', 'singletlike', 'higgs', 'boson', 'can', 'couple', 'strongly', 'enough', 'to', 'downtype', 'fermions', 'to', 'be', 'detected', 'in', 'radiative', 'upsilon', 'decays', 'into', 'tauonic', 'pairs', 'at', 'a', 'highluminosity', 'b', 'factory', 'possible', 'spectroscopic', 'effects', 'of', 'a', 'mixing', 'with', 'eta_b', 'resonances', 'are', 'also', 'analyzed']] | [-0.06629122060564298, 0.32612136570050526, -0.07253179292954308, 0.18524332204833627, -0.11659127464027781, -0.27988095880535085, 0.07930732634390313, 0.3397717537039793, -0.2029986705104085, -0.23336531114029258, -0.0022572680777796592, -0.2932558585399468, 0.04968482406050163, 0.1703257273950026, 0.06638356197723433, 0.066768613129266, 0.14741958376314296, -0.05373133527801225, -0.013031934091582355, -0.3103951025680688, 0.23798249583342113, -0.016723996886101208, 0.1090576444832167, 0.09336624168300707, -0.04315628207558276, -0.04437228343694618, -0.029035444322385286, -0.09030319758886962, -0.09133725015702734, -0.02011247825698535, 0.1861421603243798, 0.095693140790038, 0.15015166443864522, -0.28071050856899665, -0.13283117206179, 0.23767698051922612, 0.27115463592283623, 0.06955773409112896, -0.10503906002084382, -0.3969895778665025, 0.1246293865658931, -0.23267992364708334, -0.045101838033205194, -0.08930516595290483, -0.041541033841081355, -0.14110143051335686, -0.3278595442810145, 0.04259408753339238, -0.04096928526230745, 0.02814659577990441, 0.04243891131083824, -0.17031216261430496, -0.10835234951350446, -0.0659730249072278, 0.15597165902727284, 0.01929073321240905, 0.16078760585821184, -0.19327016923527576, -0.16851764963939786, 0.40122697139649016, -0.13666656397675214, -0.1900341899906236, 0.23388698737835512, -0.21461920079922206, -0.19626783132920728, 0.18452303661768765, 0.2556299425624801, 0.0578390572367138, -0.24675843908181905, 0.17733889760290222, -0.047415497066379576, 0.16999430443760694, 0.028114524982428474, 0.08906792068706923, 0.3269360439704829, 0.16659430147908433, -0.04361263606207151, 0.04658236578076245, -0.07922138457529639, -0.03304608301703794, -0.39739287409343216, -0.12206342192611803, -0.036764683030349646, 0.06518321889368388, 0.0762131970412539, -0.07409930003708914, 0.3790319232686766, 0.06600469553009852, 0.27411085553467274, -0.053120238488956695, 0.3034601534324649, 0.06439795161867023, 0.13728830206443826, 0.02102898171563682, 0.43088832487793344, 0.1786185697879103, 0.10736470966060695, -0.1876985242584181, 0.003412336454187569, 0.029010936385020614] |
709.3648 | On the Correlations, Selberg Integral and Symmetry of Sieve Functions in
Short Intervals | We study the arithmetic (real) function f=g*1, with g "essentially bounded"
and supported over the integers of [1,Q]. In particular, we obtain non-trivial
bounds, through f "correlations", for the "Selberg integral" and the "symmetry
integral" of f in almost all short intervals [x-h,x+h], N<x<2N, beyond the
"classical" level, up to level of distribution, say, lambda=log Q/log N < 2/3
(for enough large h). This time we don't apply Large Sieve inequality, as in
our paper [C-S]. Precisely, our method is completely elementary.
| math.NT | we study the arithmetic real function fg1 with g essentially bounded and supported over the integers of 1q in particular we obtain nontrivial bounds through f correlations for the selberg integral and the symmetry integral of f in almost all short intervals xhxh nx2n beyond the classical level up to level of distribution say lambdalog qlog n 23 for enough large h this time we dont apply large sieve inequality as in our paper cs precisely our method is completely elementary | [['we', 'study', 'the', 'arithmetic', 'real', 'function', 'fg1', 'with', 'g', 'essentially', 'bounded', 'and', 'supported', 'over', 'the', 'integers', 'of', '1q', 'in', 'particular', 'we', 'obtain', 'nontrivial', 'bounds', 'through', 'f', 'correlations', 'for', 'the', 'selberg', 'integral', 'and', 'the', 'symmetry', 'integral', 'of', 'f', 'in', 'almost', 'all', 'short', 'intervals', 'xhxh', 'nx2n', 'beyond', 'the', 'classical', 'level', 'up', 'to', 'level', 'of', 'distribution', 'say', 'lambdalog', 'qlog', 'n', '23', 'for', 'enough', 'large', 'h', 'this', 'time', 'we', 'dont', 'apply', 'large', 'sieve', 'inequality', 'as', 'in', 'our', 'paper', 'cs', 'precisely', 'our', 'method', 'is', 'completely', 'elementary']] | [-0.15665166032849812, 0.12277989414287731, -0.08145226121414453, 0.0913889606599696, -0.020989234984153882, -0.12561557088629344, 0.05960657060641097, 0.32368105044588447, -0.2802522633719491, -0.2840568199473637, 0.06901368003163952, -0.2717398218461312, -0.1265757594293973, 0.20366988331079483, -0.052938751364126804, 0.048522212891839445, 0.024605220404919238, 0.08121186891221441, -0.06329532678064424, -0.3179044177988544, 0.29743878258013867, -0.037699691904708746, 0.16160922584822401, 0.06817139620543458, 0.07141721060615965, 0.05072192589577753, 0.0019042438390897587, -0.031460368842817846, -0.1788229644404055, 0.1159706160891801, 0.27604048371431417, 0.09154751913738438, 0.27616068890783935, -0.3754791386600118, -0.10565423795487731, 0.17370576177490876, 0.1682374519878067, 0.00860533347877208, 0.006858337530866265, -0.23601613799110055, 0.11527333518024534, -0.14653720807400533, -0.14543134317500517, -0.07359439736464993, 0.07069073412567377, 0.04414794065232854, -0.29513577950710895, 0.07459389299037866, 0.10308209329959936, 0.10180721344659105, -0.01080865886178799, -0.1474888678872958, 0.03500071950838901, 0.082239304286486, 0.025482036338507895, 0.06263228359239292, 0.04444891849561827, -0.0534238299675053, -0.05197343969775829, 0.30814374757464974, -0.13056839808123186, -0.18218039142666384, 0.11762891177495476, -0.2484706784482114, -0.18442771035479383, 0.11451436487259344, 0.11911979456053814, 0.17383514697430655, -0.047293540212558584, 0.20019775863474934, -0.09051884940708987, 0.15498356614552905, 0.10258579190121964, 0.01531800306693185, 0.07995129937189631, 0.04242269746609963, 0.11133499397110427, 0.12627171492931666, -0.04226477317861281, -0.040316842327592896, -0.38763875076547266, -0.17139892037957907, -0.20495635389961536, 0.12880216342164202, -0.0980305209519429, -0.17412745436740806, 0.34548706412315366, 0.12245391526230379, 0.1849254361295607, 0.16924964782083407, 0.21598959041002672, 0.12711640367197105, 0.056980851374100895, 0.08362406255328096, 0.11312465908122249, 0.12683689381519797, 0.017260986474866513, -0.13465982195048126, 0.002767257619416341, 0.08306694648399571] |
709.3649 | Spin and orbital angular momentum in gauge theories (I): QED and
determination of the angular momentum density | This two-paper series addresses and fixes the long-standing gauge invariance
problem of angular momentum in gauge theories. This QED part reveals: 1) The
spin and orbital angular momenta of electrons and photons can all be
consistently defined gauge invariantly. 2) These gauge-invariant quantities can
be conveniently computed via the canonical, gauge-dependent operators (e.g,
$\psi ^\dagger \vec x \times\frac 1i \vec \nabla \psi$) in the Coulomb gauge,
which is in fact what people (unconsciously) do in atomic physics. 3) The
renowned formula $\vec x\times(\vec E\times\vec B)$ is a wrong density for the
electromagnetic angular momentum. The angular distribution of angular-momentum
flow in polarized atomic radiation is properly described not by this formula,
but by the gauge invariant quantities defined here. The QCD paper
[arXiv:0907.1284] will give a non-trivial generalization to non-Abelian gauge
theories, and discuss the connection to nucleon spin structure.
| hep-ph | this twopaper series addresses and fixes the longstanding gauge invariance problem of angular momentum in gauge theories this qed part reveals 1 the spin and orbital angular momenta of electrons and photons can all be consistently defined gauge invariantly 2 these gaugeinvariant quantities can be conveniently computed via the canonical gaugedependent operators eg psi dagger vec x timesfrac 1i vec nabla psi in the coulomb gauge which is in fact what people unconsciously do in atomic physics 3 the renowned formula vec xtimesvec etimesvec b is a wrong density for the electromagnetic angular momentum the angular distribution of angularmomentum flow in polarized atomic radiation is properly described not by this formula but by the gauge invariant quantities defined here the qcd paper arxiv09071284 will give a nontrivial generalization to nonabelian gauge theories and discuss the connection to nucleon spin structure | [['this', 'twopaper', 'series', 'addresses', 'and', 'fixes', 'the', 'longstanding', 'gauge', 'invariance', 'problem', 'of', 'angular', 'momentum', 'in', 'gauge', 'theories', 'this', 'qed', 'part', 'reveals', '1', 'the', 'spin', 'and', 'orbital', 'angular', 'momenta', 'of', 'electrons', 'and', 'photons', 'can', 'all', 'be', 'consistently', 'defined', 'gauge', 'invariantly', '2', 'these', 'gaugeinvariant', 'quantities', 'can', 'be', 'conveniently', 'computed', 'via', 'the', 'canonical', 'gaugedependent', 'operators', 'eg', 'psi', 'dagger', 'vec', 'x', 'timesfrac', '1i', 'vec', 'nabla', 'psi', 'in', 'the', 'coulomb', 'gauge', 'which', 'is', 'in', 'fact', 'what', 'people', 'unconsciously', 'do', 'in', 'atomic', 'physics', '3', 'the', 'renowned', 'formula', 'vec', 'xtimesvec', 'etimesvec', 'b', 'is', 'a', 'wrong', 'density', 'for', 'the', 'electromagnetic', 'angular', 'momentum', 'the', 'angular', 'distribution', 'of', 'angularmomentum', 'flow', 'in', 'polarized', 'atomic', 'radiation', 'is', 'properly', 'described', 'not', 'by', 'this', 'formula', 'but', 'by', 'the', 'gauge', 'invariant', 'quantities', 'defined', 'here', 'the', 'qcd', 'paper', 'arxiv09071284', 'will', 'give', 'a', 'nontrivial', 'generalization', 'to', 'nonabelian', 'gauge', 'theories', 'and', 'discuss', 'the', 'connection', 'to', 'nucleon', 'spin', 'structure']] | [-0.17544728344693836, 0.2646184248448669, -0.09215186688586743, 0.12014433754485672, -0.10835638840981915, -0.11140660927325052, -0.03530654878046255, 0.3484497656026026, -0.25880591203560577, -0.27104977474982994, -0.03869921939165406, -0.2438854133220811, -0.07654966530560033, 0.09314275151679469, -0.03579663484948721, 0.03522208980182662, -0.0055965102111145745, 0.025871605505694357, -0.11322261291270545, -0.20550025933095845, 0.33206966070689425, 0.008026842394993253, 0.2136266615554473, 0.0975198858845843, 0.13327754279734552, 0.04920774755857007, -0.03585115490637611, -0.02441942936615053, -0.10897147977031278, 0.05067562412412796, 0.2511771611876133, 0.06090079505424811, 0.16291446421961606, -0.3952904511854923, -0.14056438003007296, 0.08543182474418279, 0.16980954400553916, 0.07927557163834435, 0.03513891128211343, -0.29072461348285317, 0.016701379198522347, -0.19250926627254072, -0.15101534437327, -0.13824859647637736, 0.039195229984262454, -0.047434965228444356, -0.2589217918303822, 0.08408024324525665, 0.058473131787643705, 0.0406429630974656, -0.02533703842404278, -0.11717689136573434, -0.06613401725317222, 0.038361296042405665, 0.10803787143268778, 0.1554187119149868, 0.15026005194012593, -0.1568185415333069, -0.11932782117229798, 0.4096468794737419, -0.03340580397842955, -0.28696202100033663, 0.06637991864079555, -0.19643936134929205, -0.13989935158649935, 0.08401271180474083, 0.0945259734621122, 0.12784136503588164, -0.14334631549155366, 0.18166913863881806, -0.06277025358183785, 0.1096345401678343, 0.09077745471421601, 0.0798706121565978, 0.24394819500641965, -0.0014431203365407503, 0.026791717495130252, 0.05685739706433548, -0.020208031929907028, -0.0829938915005824, -0.36222051850853176, -0.15928495182132307, -0.19190941467442732, 0.16076621656948922, -0.07788910341385775, -0.10171441142413302, 0.37538699753668303, 0.11738560296404753, 0.17655215892485296, 0.0037694152565265113, 0.26840664833838485, 0.14181213362170486, 0.08410639579817449, 0.06914105041659553, 0.21762318587624027, 0.18327877725250202, 0.11598458607429571, -0.25648224082975957, -0.05322328308107753, 0.14013839585971713] |
709.365 | A Support Theorem For The Radiation Fields On Asymptotically Euclidean
Manifolds | We prove a support theorem for the radiation fields on asymptotically
Euclidean manifolds with metrics which are warped products near infinity. It
generalizes to this setting the well known support theorem for the Radon
transform on n-dimensional Euclidean space.
| math.AP | we prove a support theorem for the radiation fields on asymptotically euclidean manifolds with metrics which are warped products near infinity it generalizes to this setting the well known support theorem for the radon transform on ndimensional euclidean space | [['we', 'prove', 'a', 'support', 'theorem', 'for', 'the', 'radiation', 'fields', 'on', 'asymptotically', 'euclidean', 'manifolds', 'with', 'metrics', 'which', 'are', 'warped', 'products', 'near', 'infinity', 'it', 'generalizes', 'to', 'this', 'setting', 'the', 'well', 'known', 'support', 'theorem', 'for', 'the', 'radon', 'transform', 'on', 'ndimensional', 'euclidean', 'space']] | [-0.08579245801919545, 0.0626970323948906, -0.08452322109578511, 0.16565022931302872, -0.08014195818358506, -0.10674037014205869, -0.010178325029137807, 0.3582485953871256, -0.2115206934678822, -0.1625840316693752, 0.21180338635801887, -0.3019424115952391, -0.17132391926283255, 0.2427421664007199, -0.1677829368183246, 0.04691896757158714, 0.047559939874097325, 0.10339741361064789, -0.05926525580863922, -0.2787587945797266, 0.4438982730110486, -0.010365012698830703, 0.3142631754088096, 0.060889587486879185, 0.10519338481110306, 0.06546606624928805, -0.03764306476865059, -0.003287713593379475, -0.1466701121057551, 0.09801709358222209, 0.2465980015695095, 0.11938292011976816, 0.16913728227313513, -0.3509262017905712, -0.252999898380576, 0.19313728384590015, 0.12498113635975198, 0.019163594972222853, -0.021730126729473855, -0.35345434941924536, 0.046749963950461305, -0.05083477449340698, -0.22604022248803327, -0.10980899916149867, -0.04279261357031572, -0.040704632082428686, -0.27986526460601735, -0.0088269263267135, 0.14199932812092206, 0.004843886129749127, -0.18615289468270463, -0.0892200571222183, 0.01705011956465359, 0.04361027415889578, 0.08456575913498035, 0.13143449273103705, 0.11752980371984915, 0.04479015205586807, -0.12305639235255046, 0.3246204378919151, -0.059336890967992634, -0.33608700363681865, 0.17642373534349295, -0.1632915280568294, -0.1221895968565383, 0.0723461674956175, 0.1994260428712154, 0.19214777080103373, -0.03372075298848825, 0.21717345244131792, -0.08003692240573657, 0.00997225080545132, 0.16732773436711001, 0.053200762074154154, 0.14296812320557925, 0.08114690765834008, 0.18263691026144302, 0.18734657920849246, -0.00838548008304758, -0.10151053883899482, -0.34515212781918353, -0.24716733450977466, -0.2044098967065414, 0.1410945468606093, -0.1614370935309965, -0.24098458647345886, 0.2701020668356273, -0.0006009655980727611, 0.16447353050208244, 0.20632327642017165, 0.27800041504013234, 0.04394025713778459, 0.08340631659405354, 0.14705564115100947, 0.1921593251470954, 0.18856569489416403, 0.07609679098599233, -0.04320114999054334, -0.09441978673044688, 0.16386933968617365] |
709.3651 | A further look into combinatorial orthogonality | Strongly quadrangular matrices have been introduced in the study of the
combinatorial properties of unitary matrices. It is known that if a (0,
1)-matrix supports a unitary then it is strongly quadrangular. However, the
converse is not necessarily true. In this paper, we fully classify strongly
quadrangular matrices up to degree 5. We prove that the smallest strongly
quadrangular matrices which do not support unitaries have exactly degree 5.
Further, we isolate two submatrices not allowing a (0, 1)-matrix to support
unitaries.
| math.CO quant-ph | strongly quadrangular matrices have been introduced in the study of the combinatorial properties of unitary matrices it is known that if a 0 1matrix supports a unitary then it is strongly quadrangular however the converse is not necessarily true in this paper we fully classify strongly quadrangular matrices up to degree 5 we prove that the smallest strongly quadrangular matrices which do not support unitaries have exactly degree 5 further we isolate two submatrices not allowing a 0 1matrix to support unitaries | [['strongly', 'quadrangular', 'matrices', 'have', 'been', 'introduced', 'in', 'the', 'study', 'of', 'the', 'combinatorial', 'properties', 'of', 'unitary', 'matrices', 'it', 'is', 'known', 'that', 'if', 'a', '0', '1matrix', 'supports', 'a', 'unitary', 'then', 'it', 'is', 'strongly', 'quadrangular', 'however', 'the', 'converse', 'is', 'not', 'necessarily', 'true', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'fully', 'classify', 'strongly', 'quadrangular', 'matrices', 'up', 'to', 'degree', '5', 'we', 'prove', 'that', 'the', 'smallest', 'strongly', 'quadrangular', 'matrices', 'which', 'do', 'not', 'support', 'unitaries', 'have', 'exactly', 'degree', '5', 'further', 'we', 'isolate', 'two', 'submatrices', 'not', 'allowing', 'a', '0', '1matrix', 'to', 'support', 'unitaries']] | [-0.12856486158036604, 0.18501092124412336, -0.06040995719093012, 0.039982555857178095, -0.051853089370458134, -0.1912037377166221, -0.02687015902199896, 0.4007069849431878, -0.30552243014297836, -0.1972680370459651, 0.11633792175150408, -0.274055303869451, -0.18550886383007575, 0.11120101306502275, -0.06997460457382769, 0.04176798647428613, 0.053817678333782565, 0.0493265109182131, -0.11100026814786294, -0.32341692613710354, 0.3317905784380145, -0.02834252464562291, 0.22001140372736788, 0.09062801756918794, 0.05515996598434157, 0.0005374441786510189, -0.009678053022248716, 0.03252973543798051, -0.11167874962475474, 0.060365906450897455, 0.2850528081492862, 0.11484445708167808, 0.1957252106243154, -0.36868984263572024, -0.13826100316988985, 0.23244196844497333, 0.16319861585592352, 0.07795807982016946, -0.0027757400388420538, -0.19813350680079767, 0.1962378341704607, -0.16934926624774718, -0.1499740752255226, -0.110039509889647, 0.012978682958907107, -0.028543490880998078, -0.28411684750874594, 0.01742924780516726, 0.17269284447950378, 0.03639418218375706, 0.03315612732818941, -0.12702295633896096, -0.013679381834751949, 0.10318291150374202, -0.06442397681104656, 0.010480511141373071, 0.056606384908507876, -0.05545054904537321, -0.10887299656936127, 0.3370066985215356, 0.02032147819267177, -0.29234210296147844, 0.17551150827146159, -0.23282109188461086, -0.17802520942300695, 0.12948504077247913, 0.153281279067259, 0.12300883821870495, -0.14935606722606393, 0.1277491438753403, -0.1744217952917807, 0.23018960622934306, 0.045716514028665584, 0.003178585445644652, 0.12931136246884195, 0.018289757460900922, 0.13861335470148067, 0.1003666718649428, 0.04060336887245861, -0.010347076067019527, -0.2697616068918894, -0.15372794390678768, -0.22741500894743494, 0.08067003120267167, -0.06392154165702622, -0.20177403663671234, 0.4219529968345674, 0.11889550426020855, 0.22008349489784096, 0.09286488273618289, 0.19014342285113456, 0.06091058520009605, 0.0966343403135131, 0.1529295474756509, 0.1923163520149523, 0.23008473274275298, -0.010822058212375495, -0.14239135738916514, 0.06450527144323398, 0.10141338310318022] |
709.3652 | Massive vectors from projective-invariance breaking | A general affine connection has enough degrees of freedom to describe the
classical gravitational and electromagnetic fields in the metric-affine
formulation of gravity. The gravitational field is represented in the
Lagrangian by the symmetric part of the Ricci tensor and the classical
electromagnetic field can be represented by the tensor of homothetic curvature.
The simplest metric-affine Lagrangian that depends on the tensor of homothetic
curvature generates the Einstein-Maxwell equations for a massless vector.
Metric-affine Lagrangians with matter fields depending on the connection are
subject to an unphysical constraint because the symmetrized Ricci tensor is
projectively invariant while matter fields are not. We show that the appearance
of the tensor of homothetic curvature, which is not projectively invariant, in
the Lagrangian replaces this constraint with the Maxwell equations and restores
projective invariance of the total action. We also examine several constraints
on the torsion tensor to show that algebraic constraints on the torsion that
break projective invariance of the connection and impose projective invariance
on the tensor of homothetic curvature replace the massless vector with a
massive vector. We conclude that the metric-affine formulation of gravity
allows for a mechanism that generates masses of vectors, as it happens for
electroweak gauge bosons via spontaneous symmetry breaking.
| gr-qc hep-th math-ph math.MP | a general affine connection has enough degrees of freedom to describe the classical gravitational and electromagnetic fields in the metricaffine formulation of gravity the gravitational field is represented in the lagrangian by the symmetric part of the ricci tensor and the classical electromagnetic field can be represented by the tensor of homothetic curvature the simplest metricaffine lagrangian that depends on the tensor of homothetic curvature generates the einsteinmaxwell equations for a massless vector metricaffine lagrangians with matter fields depending on the connection are subject to an unphysical constraint because the symmetrized ricci tensor is projectively invariant while matter fields are not we show that the appearance of the tensor of homothetic curvature which is not projectively invariant in the lagrangian replaces this constraint with the maxwell equations and restores projective invariance of the total action we also examine several constraints on the torsion tensor to show that algebraic constraints on the torsion that break projective invariance of the connection and impose projective invariance on the tensor of homothetic curvature replace the massless vector with a massive vector we conclude that the metricaffine formulation of gravity allows for a mechanism that generates masses of vectors as it happens for electroweak gauge bosons via spontaneous symmetry breaking | [['a', 'general', 'affine', 'connection', 'has', 'enough', 'degrees', 'of', 'freedom', 'to', 'describe', 'the', 'classical', 'gravitational', 'and', 'electromagnetic', 'fields', 'in', 'the', 'metricaffine', 'formulation', 'of', 'gravity', 'the', 'gravitational', 'field', 'is', 'represented', 'in', 'the', 'lagrangian', 'by', 'the', 'symmetric', 'part', 'of', 'the', 'ricci', 'tensor', 'and', 'the', 'classical', 'electromagnetic', 'field', 'can', 'be', 'represented', 'by', 'the', 'tensor', 'of', 'homothetic', 'curvature', 'the', 'simplest', 'metricaffine', 'lagrangian', 'that', 'depends', 'on', 'the', 'tensor', 'of', 'homothetic', 'curvature', 'generates', 'the', 'einsteinmaxwell', 'equations', 'for', 'a', 'massless', 'vector', 'metricaffine', 'lagrangians', 'with', 'matter', 'fields', 'depending', 'on', 'the', 'connection', 'are', 'subject', 'to', 'an', 'unphysical', 'constraint', 'because', 'the', 'symmetrized', 'ricci', 'tensor', 'is', 'projectively', 'invariant', 'while', 'matter', 'fields', 'are', 'not', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'appearance', 'of', 'the', 'tensor', 'of', 'homothetic', 'curvature', 'which', 'is', 'not', 'projectively', 'invariant', 'in', 'the', 'lagrangian', 'replaces', 'this', 'constraint', 'with', 'the', 'maxwell', 'equations', 'and', 'restores', 'projective', 'invariance', 'of', 'the', 'total', 'action', 'we', 'also', 'examine', 'several', 'constraints', 'on', 'the', 'torsion', 'tensor', 'to', 'show', 'that', 'algebraic', 'constraints', 'on', 'the', 'torsion', 'that', 'break', 'projective', 'invariance', 'of', 'the', 'connection', 'and', 'impose', 'projective', 'invariance', 'on', 'the', 'tensor', 'of', 'homothetic', 'curvature', 'replace', 'the', 'massless', 'vector', 'with', 'a', 'massive', 'vector', 'we', 'conclude', 'that', 'the', 'metricaffine', 'formulation', 'of', 'gravity', 'allows', 'for', 'a', 'mechanism', 'that', 'generates', 'masses', 'of', 'vectors', 'as', 'it', 'happens', 'for', 'electroweak', 'gauge', 'bosons', 'via', 'spontaneous', 'symmetry', 'breaking']] | [-0.23228595526661816, 0.1779319460555576, -0.08369421408465424, 0.06399721090295693, -0.19972051959030512, -0.12654088927097845, -0.12239117211571372, 0.29446250486482933, -0.2506849661015156, -0.24870081328582472, 0.04840212734132188, -0.22722202876203682, -0.1752694734054186, 0.08425817024871343, -0.0396288016788298, 0.0034888687838868396, -0.009337801516919238, 0.12397277453777994, -0.12388582991765494, -0.25316053126461624, 0.4337012587518363, 0.017413485368214004, 0.2622018585867453, 0.05191293856946797, 0.1917348086606802, 0.0037240800356901273, -0.012717470174609887, 0.038145191713077266, -0.08446873864719769, 0.09199100753701314, 0.16703234615837928, 0.11613884521598598, 0.15348600554847863, -0.4331776483075284, -0.21319692404713572, 0.14073420456587904, 0.08464722695601423, 0.11128304902884383, -0.02129557912362876, -0.3129966335416567, 0.06234446121834037, -0.11803124350745503, -0.14617583726010308, -0.11526597450805329, -0.008385941569080077, -0.062126318011262525, -0.22293592747073712, 0.09707815349428552, 0.07031908956322273, 0.022695693101097897, -0.10529321679737555, -0.05183345579951093, -0.08666098757487972, -0.010670498365581763, 0.14778863327782146, 0.07118545461264325, 0.14133536912921088, -0.1728335047515518, -0.08527691782247729, 0.45537075858290604, -0.12779559130530532, -0.32683541519885384, 0.10518599427305161, -0.0954568405522079, -0.13773213584294042, 0.10597843729845452, 0.15231108909711333, 0.14562230713256613, -0.10515683836462658, 0.20715758633209255, -0.06765549941124713, 0.0920378522601024, 0.08989182119939204, 0.03051871511057337, 0.2462983720913166, 0.013966291543187164, 0.08254505226185557, 0.12548252454924783, 0.004277849885089914, -0.13635969000709494, -0.4277748126445747, -0.19993545321020775, -0.1655777261921818, 0.11798754608522669, -0.14883220969974745, -0.15741674933900557, 0.3931497747214829, 0.08840380890590206, 0.13448814034615303, 0.10178233870793497, 0.26705673014199954, 0.07499569493243698, 0.1116963256513927, 0.08152351130663259, 0.3371533235194298, 0.2540057078520654, 0.05134081760671262, -0.21488389833489568, -0.07967208756088484, 0.1275480438625758] |
709.3653 | Two Scenarios of the Quantum Critical Point | Two different scenarios of the quantum critical point (QCP), a
zero-temperature instability of the Landau state, related to the divergence of
the effective mass, are investigated. Flaws of the standard scenario of the
QCP, where this divergence is attributed to the occurrence of some second-order
phase transition, are demonstrated. Salient features of a different {\it
topological} scenario of the QCP, associated with the emergence of bifurcation
points in equation $\epsilon(p)=\mu$ that ordinarily determines the Fermi
momentum, are analyzed. The topological scenario of the QCP is applied to
three-dimensional (3D) Fermi liquids with an attractive current-current
interaction.
| cond-mat.str-el | two different scenarios of the quantum critical point qcp a zerotemperature instability of the landau state related to the divergence of the effective mass are investigated flaws of the standard scenario of the qcp where this divergence is attributed to the occurrence of some secondorder phase transition are demonstrated salient features of a different it topological scenario of the qcp associated with the emergence of bifurcation points in equation epsilonpmu that ordinarily determines the fermi momentum are analyzed the topological scenario of the qcp is applied to threedimensional 3d fermi liquids with an attractive currentcurrent interaction | [['two', 'different', 'scenarios', 'of', 'the', 'quantum', 'critical', 'point', 'qcp', 'a', 'zerotemperature', 'instability', 'of', 'the', 'landau', 'state', 'related', 'to', 'the', 'divergence', 'of', 'the', 'effective', 'mass', 'are', 'investigated', 'flaws', 'of', 'the', 'standard', 'scenario', 'of', 'the', 'qcp', 'where', 'this', 'divergence', 'is', 'attributed', 'to', 'the', 'occurrence', 'of', 'some', 'secondorder', 'phase', 'transition', 'are', 'demonstrated', 'salient', 'features', 'of', 'a', 'different', 'it', 'topological', 'scenario', 'of', 'the', 'qcp', 'associated', 'with', 'the', 'emergence', 'of', 'bifurcation', 'points', 'in', 'equation', 'epsilonpmu', 'that', 'ordinarily', 'determines', 'the', 'fermi', 'momentum', 'are', 'analyzed', 'the', 'topological', 'scenario', 'of', 'the', 'qcp', 'is', 'applied', 'to', 'threedimensional', '3d', 'fermi', 'liquids', 'with', 'an', 'attractive', 'currentcurrent', 'interaction']] | [-0.24458296379368555, 0.1957243787187556, -0.08824681263956193, 0.08529264705966373, -0.024033307617432192, -0.17475196757402858, 0.05719405399684451, 0.259073400360189, -0.26779764475006806, -0.2292043904724874, 0.03741714987095053, -0.3371610045923214, -0.17043381441188485, 0.14307137868416153, 0.0003819813657748072, 0.08935381812288573, -0.03873708839283178, 0.046494756246867934, -0.12279721453638845, -0.19337533948648916, 0.42260497541804065, 0.016560956290432888, 0.3195026721609266, 0.07944311538319054, 0.053142057565089905, -0.08113725556942977, 0.09621951726118201, 0.01629826105935009, -0.1326255451916184, 0.021981225045103775, 0.2510973398555315, -0.022928814787270598, 0.21119539152438704, -0.36209663301706313, -0.24557243983604407, 0.0660335498886477, 0.13670695208895364, 0.10038164563379005, -0.03305079914433391, -0.3240604180989689, 0.044096643791386954, -0.13551516205954708, -0.15485397049863087, -0.0680232595456274, -0.05135397002787182, -0.025741358532717352, -0.20585472307314998, 0.13560499935992992, 0.04529896501549765, 0.08488786344073321, -0.06288132345499961, -0.0662224269496571, -0.04733780438423549, 0.09147586231855186, 0.09745306966728286, 0.08688792755435172, 0.1326710167586019, -0.18764816276287954, -0.13116260534152388, 0.4129316038991276, 0.004276259018010215, -0.1341398072600561, 0.22222065070251884, -0.1731532127547421, -0.07639335773787216, 0.17862062731659725, 0.10082249645829985, 0.07520234365702459, -0.13525066092414292, 0.05472902587958072, 0.021280712379436743, 0.10539108267648292, -0.009095482013531421, 0.026594122170813774, 0.27572831118381336, 0.16508774514261046, 0.019212047236138268, 0.15373926344082545, -0.1459946674545982, -0.18825541095514048, -0.32505035514110014, -0.14745157090456862, -0.23584850308436311, 0.011828579170335281, -0.08898951563199883, -0.20246972399518678, 0.42752174880159527, 0.20399900399834703, 0.2130348757791676, -0.084806052967906, 0.2277273545580867, 0.16470959095872548, 0.037893802780461935, 0.04801758985574308, 0.27709657568147555, 0.0994666458352616, 0.07567636777009619, -0.29896473651261707, 0.04024646779228198, 0.08782135690317343] |
709.3654 | VERITAS: Status and Latest Results | VERITAS is an atmospheric Cherenkov telescope array designed to study
astrophysi cal sources of very-high-energy gamma radiation. Located in southern
Arizona, USA, the array consists of four 12m-diameter imaging Cherenkov
telescopes. All four telescopes have been deployed at the basecamp of the
Whipple Observatory and began full operation in early 2007. This paper
describes the operational status of VERITAS, outlines the initial performance
parameters of the instrument, and presents the latest results that have been
obtained.
| astro-ph | veritas is an atmospheric cherenkov telescope array designed to study astrophysi cal sources of veryhighenergy gamma radiation located in southern arizona usa the array consists of four 12mdiameter imaging cherenkov telescopes all four telescopes have been deployed at the basecamp of the whipple observatory and began full operation in early 2007 this paper describes the operational status of veritas outlines the initial performance parameters of the instrument and presents the latest results that have been obtained | [['veritas', 'is', 'an', 'atmospheric', 'cherenkov', 'telescope', 'array', 'designed', 'to', 'study', 'astrophysi', 'cal', 'sources', 'of', 'veryhighenergy', 'gamma', 'radiation', 'located', 'in', 'southern', 'arizona', 'usa', 'the', 'array', 'consists', 'of', 'four', '12mdiameter', 'imaging', 'cherenkov', 'telescopes', 'all', 'four', 'telescopes', 'have', 'been', 'deployed', 'at', 'the', 'basecamp', 'of', 'the', 'whipple', 'observatory', 'and', 'began', 'full', 'operation', 'in', 'early', '2007', 'this', 'paper', 'describes', 'the', 'operational', 'status', 'of', 'veritas', 'outlines', 'the', 'initial', 'performance', 'parameters', 'of', 'the', 'instrument', 'and', 'presents', 'the', 'latest', 'results', 'that', 'have', 'been', 'obtained']] | [-0.1392934110009338, 0.18525795275648282, -0.030781276706555807, 0.0330034366531952, -0.09793621520008389, -0.06466017469663073, -0.07156249919648257, 0.40818341411146764, -0.07641891772682602, -0.4166805683005903, 0.16008994681446032, -0.3384418212053542, -0.0948232731127457, 0.27114002187610475, -0.04111583428882138, 0.02311054846850803, 0.22278781396075706, -0.13501340362897798, 0.010013685388666755, -0.2423318504384165, 0.18874638069521738, 0.2567528645331795, 0.2749061399340831, 0.001746895509092389, 0.167098448699894, -0.05751747912979005, -0.12426102420667538, -0.06770502619848058, -0.06635948389383564, 0.03733694662868574, 0.3357297679711435, 0.19939398519518609, 0.17313359390371605, -0.3869654943763807, -0.13612868447907622, 0.09406231157009716, 0.06236036474552207, -0.11299160171954616, 0.022221649418006074, -0.3838747131474618, -0.036067096466148224, -0.21300259365926724, -0.2349380934516572, 0.14904247040583476, -0.015727735596482415, 0.05145989963470178, -0.1692755600953525, -0.12419646821060293, -0.0869770490539235, 0.11448828768727647, -0.06835322577909038, -0.21791989044789728, 0.046869218637348734, 0.15586831021701564, -0.02713766650334504, 0.0186431345536147, 0.06010234243090176, -0.11549806208160983, -0.08687523017146599, 0.31290514495324445, -0.06891653737732889, 0.07627140838382263, 0.16374725294834305, -0.23742705134272174, -0.239194094732001, 0.1760527098652076, 0.19533364961829944, 0.07065679671595225, -0.25343250646885185, 0.16561035411526775, -0.03369310644857988, 0.16129416436259006, 0.11129436741356512, 0.0130275012233068, 0.24447454363925736, 0.27697285596986077, 0.11224632152132816, 0.1613031141365551, -0.3361636148765683, 7.269143856860496e-05, -0.2813040212054762, -0.128705738414381, -0.15685309386793272, 0.06287392977675474, 0.04657069373147474, -0.06858301258919686, 0.4502675936028764, 0.13987352955784346, 0.041641904821468366, -0.02396089706028736, 0.3089709454593626, -0.0346996804535691, 0.07685925449068481, 0.030732347312181985, 0.37764586473034845, 0.05736458134157835, 0.21973954704967705, -0.18319367563251304, 0.010921006638405693, 0.018246528264638538] |
709.3655 | Nonlinear paramagnetic magnetization in the mixed state of CeCoIn_5 | Torque and magnetization measurements in magnetic fields $H$ up to 14 T were
performed on CeCoIn$_5$ single crystals. The amplitude of the paramagnetic
torque shows an $H^{2.3}$ dependence in the mixed state and an $H^{2}$
dependence in the normal state. In addition, the mixed-state magnetizations for
both $H\parallel c$ and $H\parallel ab$ axes show anomalous behavior after the
subtraction of the corresponding paramagnetic contributions as linear
extrapolations of the normal-state magnetization. These experimental results
point towards a nonlinear paramagnetic magnetization in the mixed state of
CeCoIn$_5$, which is a result of the fact that both orbital and Pauli limiting
effects dominate in the mixed state.
| cond-mat.str-el | torque and magnetization measurements in magnetic fields h up to 14 t were performed on cecoin_5 single crystals the amplitude of the paramagnetic torque shows an h23 dependence in the mixed state and an h2 dependence in the normal state in addition the mixedstate magnetizations for both hparallel c and hparallel ab axes show anomalous behavior after the subtraction of the corresponding paramagnetic contributions as linear extrapolations of the normalstate magnetization these experimental results point towards a nonlinear paramagnetic magnetization in the mixed state of cecoin_5 which is a result of the fact that both orbital and pauli limiting effects dominate in the mixed state | [['torque', 'and', 'magnetization', 'measurements', 'in', 'magnetic', 'fields', 'h', 'up', 'to', '14', 't', 'were', 'performed', 'on', 'cecoin_5', 'single', 'crystals', 'the', 'amplitude', 'of', 'the', 'paramagnetic', 'torque', 'shows', 'an', 'h23', 'dependence', 'in', 'the', 'mixed', 'state', 'and', 'an', 'h2', 'dependence', 'in', 'the', 'normal', 'state', 'in', 'addition', 'the', 'mixedstate', 'magnetizations', 'for', 'both', 'hparallel', 'c', 'and', 'hparallel', 'ab', 'axes', 'show', 'anomalous', 'behavior', 'after', 'the', 'subtraction', 'of', 'the', 'corresponding', 'paramagnetic', 'contributions', 'as', 'linear', 'extrapolations', 'of', 'the', 'normalstate', 'magnetization', 'these', 'experimental', 'results', 'point', 'towards', 'a', 'nonlinear', 'paramagnetic', 'magnetization', 'in', 'the', 'mixed', 'state', 'of', 'cecoin_5', 'which', 'is', 'a', 'result', 'of', 'the', 'fact', 'that', 'both', 'orbital', 'and', 'pauli', 'limiting', 'effects', 'dominate', 'in', 'the', 'mixed', 'state']] | [-0.1593511434360629, 0.20768950053939728, -0.05496746434697083, -0.013138116684387482, -0.02675906064520989, -0.08654766415378877, 0.07835321804242475, 0.35317135456772075, -0.2526341321212905, -0.264829642724778, 0.034858125783059565, -0.3229033938830807, -0.04199568984054384, 0.21226949614162247, 0.07077700831943644, 0.024258488700503393, -0.028579662256829796, 0.02666021613847642, -0.13745998353697358, -0.20739353821568546, 0.2629115298989096, -0.06204830116281907, 0.3033442391792224, 0.04625289739952201, 0.03441215707432656, 0.013463295164651104, 0.11164855063405066, 0.033221339193793636, -0.10402986691368, -0.02132938661213432, 0.23769176170407308, -0.08592657032200977, 0.155942573149999, -0.40743680665535587, -0.14358271092420355, 0.017176167706825902, 0.0924581287517434, 0.12937471412809654, -0.03282648252788931, -0.27391562082228205, 0.0010328658013826326, -0.11034135915161598, -0.1262025379697748, -0.11720569939130829, 0.015509765431107509, -0.03611924148253387, -0.2986503420231332, 0.1558539848042918, 0.12518081582661364, 0.12254721435463234, -0.12840905684445586, -0.20452746730741292, -0.09266684952724193, 0.044273762014650164, 0.051414142444818504, 0.09645107105995218, 0.1552416477671137, -0.15165558897313616, -0.14010362388300043, 0.30017426359866345, -0.08947937126670565, -0.10194577979633496, 0.10312860914550367, -0.23687423266293037, -0.10833299027179323, 0.15852488939861012, 0.10886055646641624, 0.11101763601043439, -0.12816399724799252, 0.08009835218877664, 0.0006605198562500023, 0.16885400871396997, 0.015073433642586072, 0.0359423703292296, 0.19068183646138226, 0.1255451129793766, 0.021015140449716932, 0.14833493375751589, -0.17852813923687097, -0.0959998933332307, -0.2857704224153644, -0.1726427235041878, -0.19514858953078232, 0.07561792077363602, -0.09116051113177534, -0.16466137462606031, 0.36492821081053645, 0.135531056796511, 0.20257967157023293, -0.056427043948012096, 0.25819964357430025, 0.10398875261834335, 0.025257110097889033, 0.07206155159288928, 0.27694613932454515, 0.23735112420371957, 0.1442239443904587, -0.3849174241357971, 0.08753014238373864, -0.044604819853390966] |
709.3656 | A simple construction of fermion measure term in U(1) chiral lattice
gauge theories with exact gauge invariance | In the gauge invariant formulation of U(1) chiral lattice gauge theories
based on the Ginsparg-Wilson relation, the gauge field dependence of the
fermion measure is determined through the so-called measure term. We derive a
closed formula of the measure term on the finite volume lattice. The Wilson
line degrees of freedom (torons) of the link field are treated separately to
take care of the global integrability. The local counter term is explicitly
constructed with the local current associated with the cohomologically trivial
part of the gauge anomaly in a finite volume. The resulted formula is very
close to the known expression of the measure term in the infinite volume with a
single parameter integration, and would be useful in practical implementations.
| hep-lat | in the gauge invariant formulation of u1 chiral lattice gauge theories based on the ginspargwilson relation the gauge field dependence of the fermion measure is determined through the socalled measure term we derive a closed formula of the measure term on the finite volume lattice the wilson line degrees of freedom torons of the link field are treated separately to take care of the global integrability the local counter term is explicitly constructed with the local current associated with the cohomologically trivial part of the gauge anomaly in a finite volume the resulted formula is very close to the known expression of the measure term in the infinite volume with a single parameter integration and would be useful in practical implementations | [['in', 'the', 'gauge', 'invariant', 'formulation', 'of', 'u1', 'chiral', 'lattice', 'gauge', 'theories', 'based', 'on', 'the', 'ginspargwilson', 'relation', 'the', 'gauge', 'field', 'dependence', 'of', 'the', 'fermion', 'measure', 'is', 'determined', 'through', 'the', 'socalled', 'measure', 'term', 'we', 'derive', 'a', 'closed', 'formula', 'of', 'the', 'measure', 'term', 'on', 'the', 'finite', 'volume', 'lattice', 'the', 'wilson', 'line', 'degrees', 'of', 'freedom', 'torons', 'of', 'the', 'link', 'field', 'are', 'treated', 'separately', 'to', 'take', 'care', 'of', 'the', 'global', 'integrability', 'the', 'local', 'counter', 'term', 'is', 'explicitly', 'constructed', 'with', 'the', 'local', 'current', 'associated', 'with', 'the', 'cohomologically', 'trivial', 'part', 'of', 'the', 'gauge', 'anomaly', 'in', 'a', 'finite', 'volume', 'the', 'resulted', 'formula', 'is', 'very', 'close', 'to', 'the', 'known', 'expression', 'of', 'the', 'measure', 'term', 'in', 'the', 'infinite', 'volume', 'with', 'a', 'single', 'parameter', 'integration', 'and', 'would', 'be', 'useful', 'in', 'practical', 'implementations']] | [-0.19405363661752753, 0.14440056210583893, -0.08634265861618294, 0.07795495361239796, -0.09651752917696375, -0.11410716455044949, 0.04337966007811656, 0.31228565615563353, -0.22757333204388802, -0.251748943732174, 0.0962914830027533, -0.24889217234555294, -0.11269933600671404, 0.10309651711655488, -0.04020008145377409, 0.013072472585226633, -0.009671693005837685, 0.10843386277094606, -0.10233669877360183, -0.24143435497391075, 0.3197875571444877, 0.013929007778883227, 0.29695497824587236, 0.10135537826202133, 0.1560625585319459, 0.005524971327082492, -0.057850337144726316, 0.026050720921879218, -0.11926002021540295, 0.10233369185146683, 0.1760538756570294, 0.030795632114957186, 0.17445728870893806, -0.39442452727547606, -0.19504449943711688, 0.09874296047068624, 0.10291443516169328, 0.09867661059179827, 0.001680876746050213, -0.28151187974159136, 0.05192699074775966, -0.17732532547155688, -0.18812828883047655, -0.08034467220706634, -0.011930326479948935, -0.04919690786560705, -0.24943104876620956, 0.07660539872551814, 0.010695846070639389, 0.10450482968248673, -0.0476821451909717, -0.08254952680642817, -0.03353146450163042, 0.11310035214674743, 0.10016964397716437, 0.08070471134683317, 0.107514372622702, -0.15768086736298298, -0.08219932783674064, 0.409318738224462, -0.12254488558031248, -0.2794811713077755, 0.12074769910209435, -0.14577542341262303, -0.12842940456765004, 0.12657207150457472, 0.10154748460939847, 0.10293363652015028, -0.15753148135648318, 0.1731595929903517, -0.0529116062555185, 0.11660739042207383, 0.021039356117729436, 0.05067556273299924, 0.2188023030757904, 0.07288567736082949, 0.07583814224590016, 0.15450537618978935, -0.04111920674389213, -0.149235509705445, -0.3815627121635951, -0.15689044933158072, -0.18198581047217585, 0.07441035010621014, -0.12317726508248117, -0.20172147114168515, 0.37046127352278585, 0.09449087429603115, 0.17783097664186778, 0.0527354248776293, 0.2454812475076053, 0.17589593470897064, 0.1457582033212366, -0.009261837017468431, 0.20738696153006278, 0.18076523455737298, 0.05054297524866117, -0.2820109045137805, -0.0247248032645992, 0.17623740439264735] |
709.3657 | Observations of the high-frequency-peaked BL Lac object 1ES 1218+304
with VERITAS | The VERITAS collaboration has observed the high-frequency-peaked BL Lac
object 1ES 1218+304 using an array of several imaging Cherenkov telescopes
located at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory in Southern Arizona. A
gamma-ray signal was detected with high significance for the observations taken
during several months in the 2006-2007 observing season. Here we present the
detection of 1ES 1218+304 in very-high-energy gamma rays.
| astro-ph | the veritas collaboration has observed the highfrequencypeaked bl lac object 1es 1218304 using an array of several imaging cherenkov telescopes located at the fred lawrence whipple observatory in southern arizona a gammaray signal was detected with high significance for the observations taken during several months in the 20062007 observing season here we present the detection of 1es 1218304 in veryhighenergy gamma rays | [['the', 'veritas', 'collaboration', 'has', 'observed', 'the', 'highfrequencypeaked', 'bl', 'lac', 'object', '1es', '1218304', 'using', 'an', 'array', 'of', 'several', 'imaging', 'cherenkov', 'telescopes', 'located', 'at', 'the', 'fred', 'lawrence', 'whipple', 'observatory', 'in', 'southern', 'arizona', 'a', 'gammaray', 'signal', 'was', 'detected', 'with', 'high', 'significance', 'for', 'the', 'observations', 'taken', 'during', 'several', 'months', 'in', 'the', '20062007', 'observing', 'season', 'here', 'we', 'present', 'the', 'detection', 'of', '1es', '1218304', 'in', 'veryhighenergy', 'gamma', 'rays']] | [-0.06912790815676412, 0.21327365361245146, -0.05333563075926635, 0.14858081047761165, -0.14658019832906224, -0.12854206083612818, -0.028009427655037614, 0.5163344781725637, -0.07576879082367785, -0.45298400013557366, 0.10627317782153466, -0.3583436155271146, -0.011330140874751152, 0.2784485615369293, -0.05684229105921282, -0.06167002587068465, 0.20988648620738287, -0.16042461606764025, 0.11425963158328686, -0.19300667816893227, 0.11720032490519507, 0.3053976048174645, 0.2228476747404784, -0.04574998372775172, 0.17694648955347797, -0.03439897354391794, -0.09453876698652523, -0.1560168226790284, -0.007725207426119596, -0.007111132174970642, 0.3372442362597212, 0.15157740333327843, 0.15563422744913447, -0.2652211130386399, -0.16704910346156648, 0.1470183731927987, 0.06258790804103258, -0.18212421601938625, -0.030384270083760063, -0.5138138343670196, -0.03770205054822708, -0.19152445419721545, -0.21119556226016534, 0.25411670308019363, 0.01673815013360112, -0.008299954393277726, -0.081311194917127, -0.027572747184744766, -0.12100853710885971, 0.17709323074180452, -0.18246468269236146, -0.13650603031349037, 0.0034092821165799133, 0.07443923086318519, 0.05854421446941072, 0.07365477939827307, 0.05498570811534826, -0.14224268729242706, -0.18097624823360914, 0.33720141702571943, -0.08173075639041921, 0.17349363181499705, 0.16428366472903308, -0.3093965844281258, -0.4086139723808775, 0.2291988047786177, 0.15468098441018693, 0.1135985998496894, -0.18876518282829033, 0.07351105473184537, -0.07197632514421017, 0.19094419310380134, 0.1302503479058824, -0.020515310675686887, 0.282242365992598, 0.22478005275010102, 0.021952252910141985, 0.14896300932272308, -0.520098285268872, 0.1385669155016301, -0.30057208184828804, -0.031068118454347694, -0.2135137946705424, 0.12000103002308958, -0.003005469343700116, -0.012477432467764425, 0.48298229589577646, 0.0541852523212231, 0.10255576019182862, -0.005138432043754766, 0.2547799707089941, 0.004151958979726318, 0.05251468240373557, 0.09046046192111869, 0.4684760759494478, 0.034474335277580745, 0.24094414004995937, -0.11710157221363436, 0.04040869904471742, 0.0021576008068457725] |
709.3658 | A construction of the Glashow-Weinberg-Salam model on the lattice with
exact gauge invariance | We present a gauge-invariant and non-perturbative construction of the
Glashow-Weinberg-Salam model on the lattice, based on the lattice Dirac
operator satisfying the Ginsparg-Wilson relation. Our construction covers all
SU(2) topological sectors with vanishing U(1) magnetic flux and would be usable
for a description of the baryon number non-conservation. In infinite volume, it
provides a gauge-invariant regularization of the electroweak theory to all
orders of perturbation theory. First we formulate the reconstruction theorem
which asserts that if there exists a set of local currents satisfying cetain
properties, it is possible to reconstruct the fermion measure which depends
smoothly on the gauge fields and fulfills the fundamental requirements such as
locality, gauge-invariance and lattice symmetries. Then we give a closed
formula of the local currents required for the reconstruction theorem.
| hep-lat hep-ph hep-th | we present a gaugeinvariant and nonperturbative construction of the glashowweinbergsalam model on the lattice based on the lattice dirac operator satisfying the ginspargwilson relation our construction covers all su2 topological sectors with vanishing u1 magnetic flux and would be usable for a description of the baryon number nonconservation in infinite volume it provides a gaugeinvariant regularization of the electroweak theory to all orders of perturbation theory first we formulate the reconstruction theorem which asserts that if there exists a set of local currents satisfying cetain properties it is possible to reconstruct the fermion measure which depends smoothly on the gauge fields and fulfills the fundamental requirements such as locality gaugeinvariance and lattice symmetries then we give a closed formula of the local currents required for the reconstruction theorem | [['we', 'present', 'a', 'gaugeinvariant', 'and', 'nonperturbative', 'construction', 'of', 'the', 'glashowweinbergsalam', 'model', 'on', 'the', 'lattice', 'based', 'on', 'the', 'lattice', 'dirac', 'operator', 'satisfying', 'the', 'ginspargwilson', 'relation', 'our', 'construction', 'covers', 'all', 'su2', 'topological', 'sectors', 'with', 'vanishing', 'u1', 'magnetic', 'flux', 'and', 'would', 'be', 'usable', 'for', 'a', 'description', 'of', 'the', 'baryon', 'number', 'nonconservation', 'in', 'infinite', 'volume', 'it', 'provides', 'a', 'gaugeinvariant', 'regularization', 'of', 'the', 'electroweak', 'theory', 'to', 'all', 'orders', 'of', 'perturbation', 'theory', 'first', 'we', 'formulate', 'the', 'reconstruction', 'theorem', 'which', 'asserts', 'that', 'if', 'there', 'exists', 'a', 'set', 'of', 'local', 'currents', 'satisfying', 'cetain', 'properties', 'it', 'is', 'possible', 'to', 'reconstruct', 'the', 'fermion', 'measure', 'which', 'depends', 'smoothly', 'on', 'the', 'gauge', 'fields', 'and', 'fulfills', 'the', 'fundamental', 'requirements', 'such', 'as', 'locality', 'gaugeinvariance', 'and', 'lattice', 'symmetries', 'then', 'we', 'give', 'a', 'closed', 'formula', 'of', 'the', 'local', 'currents', 'required', 'for', 'the', 'reconstruction', 'theorem']] | [-0.1718312236517081, 0.1786867584813181, -0.10098786063228302, 0.09249150994010123, -0.10288760335162633, -0.10617165253900988, 0.04708268344915641, 0.28622813694413723, -0.21589933144016646, -0.26097897073532655, 0.06117022310852946, -0.2533847332792723, -0.12043841930443612, 0.12713392508788196, -0.02205359015071134, 0.03875024374354425, -0.0011589659623596378, 0.06976900415451039, -0.11844026971485569, -0.24927796043572933, 0.32634900128982197, -0.032006152395863, 0.2981467027085151, 0.12254403549884482, 0.15576492080200963, 0.05021163619647726, -0.014975394158968775, 0.01375662741493287, -0.1463960814420945, 0.10504273792332787, 0.18682705165129007, 0.11397916182332973, 0.15529510380854228, -0.41125543113416574, -0.17824531271714555, 0.11678763891856267, 0.075864518776272, 0.12189676550832966, -0.033942233055177344, -0.25562421801522023, 0.10105917544294823, -0.14700522874371977, -0.1633975068116414, -0.15189258058328092, -0.023933641544697206, -0.058793971953018914, -0.2998483870196794, 0.07956708263510501, 0.04966591648467794, 0.0435331465353764, -0.06218799037902843, -0.06477130503635707, -0.06475642793921857, 0.08519268227653123, 0.06772448439022717, 0.07380700826380901, 0.09202264321190635, -0.13768404347484742, -0.11370213754020456, 0.42168706420838364, -0.054913499825230735, -0.23106321980296743, 0.12306122837668856, -0.12996754138116307, -0.1794676903092603, 0.07049636353232612, 0.07389833304598399, 0.09530082410641426, -0.12507035278927858, 0.1838101869922014, -0.09785006542902762, 0.1256873085682361, 0.05837279690180238, 0.08931397643365611, 0.21942940133616445, 0.10746940148913661, 0.1401746410209187, 0.09988720812257305, -0.0026704289741432807, -0.09100750743046652, -0.4394164328558708, -0.1379581060426449, -0.18202970879643746, 0.12386439774024087, -0.09374054322912043, -0.22872920783317288, 0.40997054788658, 0.15141226527809099, 0.15698575542315724, 0.05922628358908467, 0.2724983203637333, 0.13910288059651782, 0.09972033503659686, 0.05866283047797642, 0.19490025944890468, 0.20923647719369395, 0.043269039884275634, -0.22413066043115154, -0.06848826997099429, 0.19218627118696202] |
709.3659 | Observations of Mrk 421 and Mrk 501 in Spring 2006 with VERITAS | VERITAS, the Very Energetic Radiation Telescope Imaging Array System, is an
array of four imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes in southern Arizona. It
is sensitive to gamma rays at energies above 100 GeV. Here, we discuss the
results of observations of two well known VHE blazars, Markarian 421 and
Markarian 501, during Spring 2006 which were made with the first two telescopes
during the comissioning phase of VERITAS. During most of this time Mrk 421 was
in an unusually active state while Mrk 501 was in a much lower flux state. As
such, these observations provided an opportunity to test the sensitivity of the
instrument to strong and weak sources. We discuss implications of these
observations on our understanding of these objects.
| astro-ph | veritas the very energetic radiation telescope imaging array system is an array of four imaging atmospheric cherenkov telescopes in southern arizona it is sensitive to gamma rays at energies above 100 gev here we discuss the results of observations of two well known vhe blazars markarian 421 and markarian 501 during spring 2006 which were made with the first two telescopes during the comissioning phase of veritas during most of this time mrk 421 was in an unusually active state while mrk 501 was in a much lower flux state as such these observations provided an opportunity to test the sensitivity of the instrument to strong and weak sources we discuss implications of these observations on our understanding of these objects | [['veritas', 'the', 'very', 'energetic', 'radiation', 'telescope', 'imaging', 'array', 'system', 'is', 'an', 'array', 'of', 'four', 'imaging', 'atmospheric', 'cherenkov', 'telescopes', 'in', 'southern', 'arizona', 'it', 'is', 'sensitive', 'to', 'gamma', 'rays', 'at', 'energies', 'above', '100', 'gev', 'here', 'we', 'discuss', 'the', 'results', 'of', 'observations', 'of', 'two', 'well', 'known', 'vhe', 'blazars', 'markarian', '421', 'and', 'markarian', '501', 'during', 'spring', '2006', 'which', 'were', 'made', 'with', 'the', 'first', 'two', 'telescopes', 'during', 'the', 'comissioning', 'phase', 'of', 'veritas', 'during', 'most', 'of', 'this', 'time', 'mrk', '421', 'was', 'in', 'an', 'unusually', 'active', 'state', 'while', 'mrk', '501', 'was', 'in', 'a', 'much', 'lower', 'flux', 'state', 'as', 'such', 'these', 'observations', 'provided', 'an', 'opportunity', 'to', 'test', 'the', 'sensitivity', 'of', 'the', 'instrument', 'to', 'strong', 'and', 'weak', 'sources', 'we', 'discuss', 'implications', 'of', 'these', 'observations', 'on', 'our', 'understanding', 'of', 'these', 'objects']] | [-0.0742499838806381, 0.19152653054466515, -0.029970899455187733, 0.10515946521296758, -0.10772191454494788, -0.09219958882948215, -0.014971261033942262, 0.49375663362135574, -0.1434958385946306, -0.45375710080016, 0.12497196370477918, -0.2975473931397904, -0.04153286199824315, 0.26673419905964996, -0.0013829720137286778, -0.015704766261268193, 0.1397964715618979, -0.11669369390011142, 0.05017921194618891, -0.23142228508560556, 0.1779194667065624, 0.23710833676159382, 0.19758220205529908, 0.03399730991372023, 0.13128967728842944, -0.06537193659508278, -0.04453446296205329, -0.08985484259064533, -0.07117066894223036, 0.02987959757370274, 0.26685551127942264, 0.09511090108108791, 0.20531575093892487, -0.3495641808094811, -0.1835485579646077, 0.10069117233761363, 0.08423171250903902, -0.047201491949102295, 0.005850619770209344, -0.3715382252688989, -0.028023008703569736, -0.14777281802640227, -0.17354784220118413, 0.0876732150800834, 0.024854227504115707, 0.01872010343883202, -0.18276270366974237, 0.006578855932313056, -0.013872687862166165, 0.0943597635063766, -0.18575987962751903, -0.12521003719230667, 0.004749837170801441, 0.08745558051515587, 0.08638773628025631, 0.040062537974839614, 0.0765268557651107, -0.14775073270251868, -0.11248814418511696, 0.3327563724765354, -0.025217310839124825, 0.05860704378309575, 0.24265608251141, -0.24030970506493218, -0.27470090410726006, 0.1751839788553636, 0.17636693657706837, 0.11935244542969899, -0.15985788078593813, 0.02990681294655843, -0.03322741131429091, 0.2314067698460965, 0.025911545404040618, 0.055335852771628, 0.24289186998493661, 0.1874579563566141, 0.08245884537819989, 0.15230870260934015, -0.31136968556198885, 0.0075624843458991405, -0.2840957799329892, -0.10093266287556857, -0.18457006676938414, 0.13295031074542274, -0.05903329975755831, -0.059269823379764594, 0.44545694658040136, 0.09490946628738287, 0.176900676220717, -0.03724452516560497, 0.28302536383155763, 0.0007677811336480389, 0.01966391852479582, 0.0695132763733056, 0.42234913058086365, 0.09812614024031815, 0.167054639180568, -0.17312629269205096, 0.020609677546034176, -0.0039356812692347394] |
709.366 | Einstein's equations and the embedding of 3-dimensional CR manifolds | We prove several theorems concerning the connection between the local CR
embeddability of 3-dimensional CR manifolds, and the existence of algebraically
special Maxwell and gravitational fields. We reduce the Einstein equations for
spacetimes associated with such fields to a system of CR invariant equations on
a 3-dimensional CR manifold defined by the fields. Using the reduced Einstein
equations we construct two independent CR functions for the corresponding CR
manifold. We also point out that the Einstein equations, imposed on spacetimes
associated with a 3-dimensional CR manifold, imply that the spacetime metric,
after an appropriate rescaling, becomes well defined on a circle bundle over
the CR manifold. The circle bundle itself emerges as a consequence of
Einstein's equations.
| math.DG math.AP math.CV | we prove several theorems concerning the connection between the local cr embeddability of 3dimensional cr manifolds and the existence of algebraically special maxwell and gravitational fields we reduce the einstein equations for spacetimes associated with such fields to a system of cr invariant equations on a 3dimensional cr manifold defined by the fields using the reduced einstein equations we construct two independent cr functions for the corresponding cr manifold we also point out that the einstein equations imposed on spacetimes associated with a 3dimensional cr manifold imply that the spacetime metric after an appropriate rescaling becomes well defined on a circle bundle over the cr manifold the circle bundle itself emerges as a consequence of einsteins equations | [['we', 'prove', 'several', 'theorems', 'concerning', 'the', 'connection', 'between', 'the', 'local', 'cr', 'embeddability', 'of', '3dimensional', 'cr', 'manifolds', 'and', 'the', 'existence', 'of', 'algebraically', 'special', 'maxwell', 'and', 'gravitational', 'fields', 'we', 'reduce', 'the', 'einstein', 'equations', 'for', 'spacetimes', 'associated', 'with', 'such', 'fields', 'to', 'a', 'system', 'of', 'cr', 'invariant', 'equations', 'on', 'a', '3dimensional', 'cr', 'manifold', 'defined', 'by', 'the', 'fields', 'using', 'the', 'reduced', 'einstein', 'equations', 'we', 'construct', 'two', 'independent', 'cr', 'functions', 'for', 'the', 'corresponding', 'cr', 'manifold', 'we', 'also', 'point', 'out', 'that', 'the', 'einstein', 'equations', 'imposed', 'on', 'spacetimes', 'associated', 'with', 'a', '3dimensional', 'cr', 'manifold', 'imply', 'that', 'the', 'spacetime', 'metric', 'after', 'an', 'appropriate', 'rescaling', 'becomes', 'well', 'defined', 'on', 'a', 'circle', 'bundle', 'over', 'the', 'cr', 'manifold', 'the', 'circle', 'bundle', 'itself', 'emerges', 'as', 'a', 'consequence', 'of', 'einsteins', 'equations']] | [-0.2328361041812051, 0.053447357540214874, -0.028974567177808948, 0.11688968579038087, -0.0930473350872023, -0.12813475110735267, -0.05846401643899516, 0.3118283916583173, -0.24957170579423252, -0.2284627164530958, 0.07651948567846009, -0.26222409744762903, -0.1524206765720414, 0.20075648193323237, -0.029680190436764915, -0.00905779516722402, 0.022233355913757004, 0.08444255714416185, -0.18508645937216875, -0.23986406104726732, 0.5068831062501568, 0.054300302098322116, 0.24478544051257464, 0.025126852560788393, 0.20916276946504656, -0.0054513743469634885, -0.004491358816337127, 0.1075553589572127, -0.13154423141587848, 0.0737671713448233, 0.1939873609982399, 0.11767070826473118, 0.16561553140895235, -0.4243120423828562, -0.2583188244388399, 0.11631531583575103, 0.11878843162543117, 0.055297195143265344, -0.01125361413284977, -0.34220838029351497, 0.07211279566996755, -0.0871599857838681, -0.2165239588675909, -0.039059189231827475, -0.012378475047711633, 0.013728310489374349, -0.1855818175473927, 0.021341766363843623, 0.1284641808965522, 0.061817368938245326, -0.18762163187448794, -0.0387935606458296, -0.06123032498284856, 0.0507850043165187, 0.08239827580694269, 0.072819400849378, 0.1270725029783371, -0.02033123379557306, -0.0828694434892227, 0.38530522643023324, -0.12098667373220062, -0.3190510110774388, 0.13337339215084082, -0.11999355027706832, -0.14197143644858629, 0.13448055415378454, 0.15183140355377242, 0.14015834342338082, -0.0953162876315988, 0.20266359113853297, -0.054000507029266946, 0.06586744946066457, 0.07073109202946608, -0.014022791407938696, 0.1605028896473157, 0.05790496532383383, 0.15078438599554136, 0.06266493860902822, -0.007679809011224435, -0.09542312576638487, -0.36026096038329297, -0.23734900021018127, -0.1294108601884009, 0.23222019447761977, -0.16720750044586544, -0.18293849354148164, 0.3356554883922267, 0.020140616223216057, 0.18806365726547492, 0.05495433381989471, 0.19563033824993503, 0.08978079051639025, 0.010213782023797687, 0.13355231177833918, 0.21965967011876786, 0.24403146813766888, 0.11458108525894359, -0.17452618195953915, -0.10631230716299042, 0.16832390838326552] |
709.3661 | Observation of LS I +61 303 with VERITAS | The high mass X-ray binary LS I +61 303 has been observed over several months
in 2006 and 2007 with the VERITAS array of imaging air-Cherenkov telescopes. A
signal of high energy gamma rays with energies above 350 GeV is detected in
several orbital cycles of the binary system. The detected flux of gamma rays is
strongly variable with the orbital period of 26.5 days, while the maximum flux
(corresponding to about 10% of the flux of the Crab Nebula)is always found at
approximately apastron, suggesting a strong dependence of particle acceleration
and/or propagation on the relative position of the two objects in the system.
| astro-ph | the high mass xray binary ls i 61 303 has been observed over several months in 2006 and 2007 with the veritas array of imaging aircherenkov telescopes a signal of high energy gamma rays with energies above 350 gev is detected in several orbital cycles of the binary system the detected flux of gamma rays is strongly variable with the orbital period of 265 days while the maximum flux corresponding to about 10 of the flux of the crab nebulais always found at approximately apastron suggesting a strong dependence of particle acceleration andor propagation on the relative position of the two objects in the system | [['the', 'high', 'mass', 'xray', 'binary', 'ls', 'i', '61', '303', 'has', 'been', 'observed', 'over', 'several', 'months', 'in', '2006', 'and', '2007', 'with', 'the', 'veritas', 'array', 'of', 'imaging', 'aircherenkov', 'telescopes', 'a', 'signal', 'of', 'high', 'energy', 'gamma', 'rays', 'with', 'energies', 'above', '350', 'gev', 'is', 'detected', 'in', 'several', 'orbital', 'cycles', 'of', 'the', 'binary', 'system', 'the', 'detected', 'flux', 'of', 'gamma', 'rays', 'is', 'strongly', 'variable', 'with', 'the', 'orbital', 'period', 'of', '265', 'days', 'while', 'the', 'maximum', 'flux', 'corresponding', 'to', 'about', '10', 'of', 'the', 'flux', 'of', 'the', 'crab', 'nebulais', 'always', 'found', 'at', 'approximately', 'apastron', 'suggesting', 'a', 'strong', 'dependence', 'of', 'particle', 'acceleration', 'andor', 'propagation', 'on', 'the', 'relative', 'position', 'of', 'the', 'two', 'objects', 'in', 'the', 'system']] | [-0.14579557365337117, 0.20351280530695265, -0.028586979113662474, 0.05779351897385473, -0.031193303915922746, -0.08259303826623811, 0.038411536656964854, 0.4173802139165883, -0.21968502797692332, -0.4378511901013553, 0.09350245179442797, -0.31794062508897, 0.01670082973746153, 0.23000859493018092, -0.00047024984199267166, 0.007376528555491509, 0.13999333679944706, 0.02441371572562135, -0.07160340501174617, -0.21570109442333119, 0.19755479482969698, 0.15517481543177453, 0.17303894203192052, 0.03114435652521654, 0.14378378314610857, -0.011653200671739446, -0.026894922421468855, -0.04822939756559208, -0.06621616709834108, 0.05700854698751265, 0.19199691771959457, 0.09390531596503794, 0.16586926612608993, -0.31823559890975817, -0.20304326803530925, 0.09772672935371073, 0.08439862485773539, -0.055175292845188566, 0.03310722996516583, -0.26770932988774104, 0.04835858730635104, -0.19159077525210494, -0.15667028025647875, 0.12488485255744308, 0.09236543853050815, 0.07471599300837485, -0.1669777552059923, 0.08563386289796864, 0.033815609898248604, 0.10778030864177988, -0.12599379386609563, -0.15305460898805626, -0.026466047006229367, 0.0005473488440307287, 0.09535729718090107, 0.08772239404676768, 0.10671262418887076, -0.09027930109116894, -0.11605681192416412, 0.35061947314534336, -0.05419301511406397, 0.003930196909305568, 0.21420700194833514, -0.2502529331437612, -0.16103459840031484, 0.3001432381659889, 0.15483370824949816, 0.08530384357212685, -0.16175329613570982, 0.0312671887552894, 0.00925450947565528, 0.2445721737950897, 0.09869690974189255, 0.020429821389440734, 0.2953926445199893, 0.1378329249933953, 0.06745280236086379, 0.09672228006037095, -0.31917160359667973, -0.00704807482767277, -0.2549260895914183, -0.08852683107117908, -0.16341457235214946, 0.09308247498344056, -0.1011178444469596, -0.08714283626669875, 0.42317409864447725, 0.07823934770511606, 0.2067839329560789, -0.018826463736611634, 0.2349522571043613, 0.11663580749434634, 0.014836597936524552, 0.1085419294764646, 0.36915546221336204, 0.14293258416000754, 0.13980007897099803, -0.21946592327171507, 0.02041423645389911, -0.025057000582679533] |
709.3662 | Econophysics, Statistical Mechanics Approach to | This is a review article for Encyclopedia of Complexity and System Science,
to be published by Springer http://refworks.springer.com/complexity/. The paper
reviews statistical models for money, wealth, and income distributions
developed in the econophysics literature since late 1990s.
| q-fin.ST cond-mat.stat-mech physics.data-an physics.soc-ph stat.AP | this is a review article for encyclopedia of complexity and system science to be published by springer httprefworksspringercomcomplexity the paper reviews statistical models for money wealth and income distributions developed in the econophysics literature since late 1990s | [['this', 'is', 'a', 'review', 'article', 'for', 'encyclopedia', 'of', 'complexity', 'and', 'system', 'science', 'to', 'be', 'published', 'by', 'springer', 'httprefworksspringercomcomplexity', 'the', 'paper', 'reviews', 'statistical', 'models', 'for', 'money', 'wealth', 'and', 'income', 'distributions', 'developed', 'in', 'the', 'econophysics', 'literature', 'since', 'late', '1990s']] | [0.0036379986494365665, 0.023524218963252172, -0.14619984258509552, 0.09702874714922574, -0.1291511330443124, -0.10207071782658911, 0.012720872030412365, 0.27088560060494477, -0.24537013481474584, -0.3725407618201441, 0.1374286839111139, -0.30176954561223585, -0.1568278389879399, 0.1902044369942612, -0.22006466438890332, 0.029522823376788035, 0.0913969993384348, -0.03196231837824194, 0.037523881920302905, -0.38769688746995395, 0.31103037992660476, 0.11503779334533545, 0.3190730789469348, 0.0060527027688092655, 0.06405536716596948, -0.034652439663962774, -0.14847490724383128, -0.011399155689610375, -0.22431917506684032, 0.2073841024733459, 0.3878228823156557, 0.2224431836253239, 0.3726562126927699, -0.4056471284582383, -0.17904043652945095, 0.1256961748780062, 0.10381626604228383, 0.11927428440604773, -0.039393040558530226, -0.2469892706980722, -0.04853620287030935, -0.29300424208243686, -0.06845306927183022, -0.037071131428496704, 0.16525394329801202, 0.02720967845784293, -0.15380284166894853, 0.05137202543361733, 0.017939201497938484, 0.19550127404121062, -0.011474556651794247, -0.19993300237628217, 0.054052818514820605, 0.12015354955413689, 0.1357238157846344, 0.011323360111823099, 0.06106884878439208, -0.14448692623732817, -0.19821558628852168, 0.36639906538443434, -0.02464110093165396, -0.0366521336319339, 0.1409715919677789, -0.13494771117499718, -0.22244863977862728, 0.06026192946430658, 0.2316312711625667, 0.01864433904281921, -0.26911487704556847, 0.10382486933829366, -0.031592777386928596, 0.12408515252172947, 0.04316859757010308, 0.0021473650510112443, 0.1873332971913947, 0.16057629340017834, -0.046044652376116976, 0.07273772766024598, 0.0395147649364339, -0.16634476927316022, -0.25206638950233656, -0.2488050370787581, -0.22657542541209194, 0.03996824972435004, 0.0779891447689604, -0.11305823283166522, 0.40822433525075513, 0.14636096335662943, 0.0685239385606514, 0.05398909821330259, 0.2421614401973784, 0.031573747000139624, -0.06325285416096449, 0.1037044422636326, 0.18634462499822904, 0.07395773580841099, 0.29542585943515104, -0.05059597361832857, 0.1336815261359637, 0.06985864266365145] |
709.3663 | Observation of M87 with VERITAS | The giant radio galaxy M87 is the only extragalactic non-blazar object which
has been detected as a source of very high energy gamma-rays. It represents a
unique opportunity to study the phenomena of gamma-ray emission from a nearby
AGN. In this paper we report preliminary results from the observations of M87
taken with the imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope array VERITAS in
February, March and April 2007. An excess of photons above an energy threshold
of 250 GeV is measured with a sta tistical significance of more than five
standard deviations.
| astro-ph | the giant radio galaxy m87 is the only extragalactic nonblazar object which has been detected as a source of very high energy gammarays it represents a unique opportunity to study the phenomena of gammaray emission from a nearby agn in this paper we report preliminary results from the observations of m87 taken with the imaging atmospheric cherenkov telescope array veritas in february march and april 2007 an excess of photons above an energy threshold of 250 gev is measured with a sta tistical significance of more than five standard deviations | [['the', 'giant', 'radio', 'galaxy', 'm87', 'is', 'the', 'only', 'extragalactic', 'nonblazar', 'object', 'which', 'has', 'been', 'detected', 'as', 'a', 'source', 'of', 'very', 'high', 'energy', 'gammarays', 'it', 'represents', 'a', 'unique', 'opportunity', 'to', 'study', 'the', 'phenomena', 'of', 'gammaray', 'emission', 'from', 'a', 'nearby', 'agn', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'report', 'preliminary', 'results', 'from', 'the', 'observations', 'of', 'm87', 'taken', 'with', 'the', 'imaging', 'atmospheric', 'cherenkov', 'telescope', 'array', 'veritas', 'in', 'february', 'march', 'and', 'april', '2007', 'an', 'excess', 'of', 'photons', 'above', 'an', 'energy', 'threshold', 'of', '250', 'gev', 'is', 'measured', 'with', 'a', 'sta', 'tistical', 'significance', 'of', 'more', 'than', 'five', 'standard', 'deviations']] | [-0.05752106041652726, 0.12251107266278717, -0.09121286105155275, 0.11480703655619885, -0.13216857122927067, -0.07636523872006977, 0.02794017209645277, 0.43367674057319594, -0.12411961676762177, -0.43384908219234325, 0.05514434588944874, -0.3574910962933235, -0.031113223413403116, 0.25549871278298875, -0.00258374409331532, -0.03011108266210623, 0.15173169755471055, -0.09022583509010546, 0.0014823888888938373, -0.18998512552444186, 0.1978255730865293, 0.21517685587319096, 0.18597574490698032, 0.031732345604222646, 0.15191527800320576, -0.10657273225088636, -0.06127933971583843, -0.06840322195981326, -0.07059863173622596, 0.05122469104512521, 0.2660973371043173, 0.1184971755909409, 0.19694424369320107, -0.3225659601746148, -0.21923962757619245, 0.12413862711760436, 0.10625886201356234, -0.026833805586525313, -0.05762622545534101, -0.36360672904241287, 0.017807712658109626, -0.21777962979054852, -0.18015517450848154, 0.1427979314846269, 0.01896542122880562, -0.005340859877322329, -0.18105182304894657, 0.06289730458572675, -0.0034225584816166693, 0.12056028150058655, -0.1001860881904454, -0.08571920996489987, 0.014648053982148596, 0.08347139366787304, 0.05982397159226657, 0.0933620982301118, 0.12517990786686875, -0.13964985882120437, -0.13023357851995845, 0.37335815751569323, -0.04899557401361389, 0.07922880896733384, 0.20000107937461037, -0.22612450602516698, -0.23479938409762102, 0.2236409229174089, 0.19558238771775466, 0.09066924024137846, -0.22177514572512735, 0.043511516173249845, -0.07031843862548638, 0.24525249820579303, 0.052829690152004866, 0.0616478678233087, 0.2836178552589557, 0.18961861736816094, 0.08293388153980957, 0.14730120373999678, -0.3382355301337463, 0.0314640999363547, -0.30052919353075913, -0.08455606944482313, -0.1820008459793969, 0.15975767228192533, -0.04407553040416613, -0.05918339045529955, 0.42549013890577164, 0.07971512662309609, 0.18097068535770927, -0.004379171060576114, 0.2993421655022696, 0.06041831239466713, 0.06541873046898106, 0.11090469185597776, 0.41270007172159934, 0.12077234793988088, 0.1663773160956256, -0.1359333314127132, -0.0008858700722372264, -0.04861227787110243] |
709.3664 | Connecting SLE and minisuperspace Liouville gravity | We show that Fokker-Planck equation for chordal SLE process under a simple
rescaling of the probability density can be traced to the minisuperspace
Wheeler-de Witt equation for boundary operator in 2d Liouville gravity.
Insertion of an operator, calculating SLE critical exponent, corresponds to
adding matter contribution to WdW equation. This observation may be useful for
understanding of why SLE critical exponents are given by KPZ gravitational
scaling dimensions. Possible applications of the obtained relation are
discussed.
| hep-th math-ph math.MP | we show that fokkerplanck equation for chordal sle process under a simple rescaling of the probability density can be traced to the minisuperspace wheelerde witt equation for boundary operator in 2d liouville gravity insertion of an operator calculating sle critical exponent corresponds to adding matter contribution to wdw equation this observation may be useful for understanding of why sle critical exponents are given by kpz gravitational scaling dimensions possible applications of the obtained relation are discussed | [['we', 'show', 'that', 'fokkerplanck', 'equation', 'for', 'chordal', 'sle', 'process', 'under', 'a', 'simple', 'rescaling', 'of', 'the', 'probability', 'density', 'can', 'be', 'traced', 'to', 'the', 'minisuperspace', 'wheelerde', 'witt', 'equation', 'for', 'boundary', 'operator', 'in', '2d', 'liouville', 'gravity', 'insertion', 'of', 'an', 'operator', 'calculating', 'sle', 'critical', 'exponent', 'corresponds', 'to', 'adding', 'matter', 'contribution', 'to', 'wdw', 'equation', 'this', 'observation', 'may', 'be', 'useful', 'for', 'understanding', 'of', 'why', 'sle', 'critical', 'exponents', 'are', 'given', 'by', 'kpz', 'gravitational', 'scaling', 'dimensions', 'possible', 'applications', 'of', 'the', 'obtained', 'relation', 'are', 'discussed']] | [-0.12881166898449392, 0.13318541237037462, -0.1399775945434445, 0.11784289142138062, -0.13618599343202445, -0.20038001608765243, -0.02712085996570654, 0.287367685570835, -0.28411906284868327, -0.2032632557001259, 0.054907711515337916, -0.28019334501311133, -0.16810499570381485, 0.20393791539888634, -0.049490725857475285, 0.12474818711512183, 0.012946838745847344, 0.020471224610350634, -0.07594006922552485, -0.21941575199659719, 0.36202581474820983, 0.02557636721451816, 0.22458030880232782, 0.024319094320066813, 0.09433443600458927, -0.03360644906244584, -0.02105921941601034, 0.011338296842663303, -0.23576012282300277, 0.021807232894628357, 0.24600803796171308, 0.07285442193326737, 0.1831640995989897, -0.4005037163090157, -0.2516466828161164, 0.08906883470665075, 0.2221895355584198, 0.08893760308427245, 0.007899023053285322, -0.31488329179486946, 0.043028622687990334, -0.10701693270943667, -0.26265121081623394, -0.05741622210725358, 0.07910102709061712, -0.03394397281992592, -0.2571140343176299, 0.17400590065057928, 0.03885069614395769, -0.013958256703948504, -0.09559287529095616, -0.06553060781994932, -0.02895834822648842, 0.06798316517501678, 0.03229507450956398, 0.06871959572584417, 0.1305384054400125, -0.13975850690315528, -0.1117874862883534, 0.34914250582407574, -0.06215107322082316, -0.25582545161504594, 0.0972357283478088, -0.17529714140599886, -0.1505359432807094, 0.08315163437816266, 0.0623642859833413, 0.07657882321846525, -0.19389746702980024, 0.15441232678284378, 0.017179795736937148, 0.09174995949050706, 0.11737830333999898, -0.01984705124663091, 0.20816453536482235, 0.11594663099018171, 0.038095036270341984, 0.13182749353827125, 0.02441107077634354, -0.1632557079804093, -0.38307438947652517, -0.2080551568260968, -0.19974288859980574, 0.16053324210837386, -0.2276273929624279, -0.16944653157291836, 0.30940497188681837, 0.2097632386292772, 0.15015641015672468, 0.10443049045677885, 0.1548681754716917, 0.2858352178078157, 0.016794545202221917, 0.08333090870215337, 0.16000521545739552, 0.18481078338319143, 0.09210060243678622, -0.24098887247352027, 0.006105898769180241, 0.17991858056599372] |
709.3665 | Nonlinear Elasticity, Fluctuations and Heterogeneity of Nematic
Elastomers | Liquid crystal elastomers realize a fascinating new form of soft matter that
is a composite of a conventional crosslinked polymer gel (rubber) and a liquid
crystal. These {\em solid} liquid crystal amalgams, quite similarly to their
(conventional, fluid) liquid crystal counterparts, can spontaneously partially
break translational and/or orientational symmetries, accompanied by novel soft
Goldstone modes. As a consequence, these materials can exhibit unconventional
elasticity characterized by symmetry-enforced vanishing of some elastic moduli.
Thus, a proper description of such solids requires an essential modification of
the classical elasticity theory. In this work, we develop a {\em rotationally
invariant}, {\em nonlinear} theory of elasticity for the nematic phase of ideal
liquid crystal elastomers. We show that it is characterized by soft modes,
corresponding to a combination of long wavelength shear deformations of the
solid network and rotations of the nematic director field. We study thermal
fluctuations of these soft modes in the presence of network heterogeneities and
show that they lead to a large variety of anomalous elastic properties, such as
singular length-scale dependent shear elastic moduli, a divergent elastic
constant for splay distortion of the nematic director, long-scale
incompressibility, universal Poisson ratios and a nonlinear stress-strain
relation fo arbitrary small strains. These long-scale elastic properties are
{\em universal}, controlled by a nontrivial zero-temperature fixed point and
constitute a qualitative breakdown of the classical elasticity theory in
nematic elastomers. Thus, nematic elastomers realize a stable ``critical
phase'', characterized by universal power-law correlations, akin to a critical
point of a continuous phase transition, but extending over an entire phase.
| cond-mat.soft cond-mat.stat-mech | liquid crystal elastomers realize a fascinating new form of soft matter that is a composite of a conventional crosslinked polymer gel rubber and a liquid crystal these em solid liquid crystal amalgams quite similarly to their conventional fluid liquid crystal counterparts can spontaneously partially break translational andor orientational symmetries accompanied by novel soft goldstone modes as a consequence these materials can exhibit unconventional elasticity characterized by symmetryenforced vanishing of some elastic moduli thus a proper description of such solids requires an essential modification of the classical elasticity theory in this work we develop a em rotationally invariant em nonlinear theory of elasticity for the nematic phase of ideal liquid crystal elastomers we show that it is characterized by soft modes corresponding to a combination of long wavelength shear deformations of the solid network and rotations of the nematic director field we study thermal fluctuations of these soft modes in the presence of network heterogeneities and show that they lead to a large variety of anomalous elastic properties such as singular lengthscale dependent shear elastic moduli a divergent elastic constant for splay distortion of the nematic director longscale incompressibility universal poisson ratios and a nonlinear stressstrain relation fo arbitrary small strains these longscale elastic properties are em universal controlled by a nontrivial zerotemperature fixed point and constitute a qualitative breakdown of the classical elasticity theory in nematic elastomers thus nematic elastomers realize a stable critical phase characterized by universal powerlaw correlations akin to a critical point of a continuous phase transition but extending over an entire phase | [['liquid', 'crystal', 'elastomers', 'realize', 'a', 'fascinating', 'new', 'form', 'of', 'soft', 'matter', 'that', 'is', 'a', 'composite', 'of', 'a', 'conventional', 'crosslinked', 'polymer', 'gel', 'rubber', 'and', 'a', 'liquid', 'crystal', 'these', 'em', 'solid', 'liquid', 'crystal', 'amalgams', 'quite', 'similarly', 'to', 'their', 'conventional', 'fluid', 'liquid', 'crystal', 'counterparts', 'can', 'spontaneously', 'partially', 'break', 'translational', 'andor', 'orientational', 'symmetries', 'accompanied', 'by', 'novel', 'soft', 'goldstone', 'modes', 'as', 'a', 'consequence', 'these', 'materials', 'can', 'exhibit', 'unconventional', 'elasticity', 'characterized', 'by', 'symmetryenforced', 'vanishing', 'of', 'some', 'elastic', 'moduli', 'thus', 'a', 'proper', 'description', 'of', 'such', 'solids', 'requires', 'an', 'essential', 'modification', 'of', 'the', 'classical', 'elasticity', 'theory', 'in', 'this', 'work', 'we', 'develop', 'a', 'em', 'rotationally', 'invariant', 'em', 'nonlinear', 'theory', 'of', 'elasticity', 'for', 'the', 'nematic', 'phase', 'of', 'ideal', 'liquid', 'crystal', 'elastomers', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'it', 'is', 'characterized', 'by', 'soft', 'modes', 'corresponding', 'to', 'a', 'combination', 'of', 'long', 'wavelength', 'shear', 'deformations', 'of', 'the', 'solid', 'network', 'and', 'rotations', 'of', 'the', 'nematic', 'director', 'field', 'we', 'study', 'thermal', 'fluctuations', 'of', 'these', 'soft', 'modes', 'in', 'the', 'presence', 'of', 'network', 'heterogeneities', 'and', 'show', 'that', 'they', 'lead', 'to', 'a', 'large', 'variety', 'of', 'anomalous', 'elastic', 'properties', 'such', 'as', 'singular', 'lengthscale', 'dependent', 'shear', 'elastic', 'moduli', 'a', 'divergent', 'elastic', 'constant', 'for', 'splay', 'distortion', 'of', 'the', 'nematic', 'director', 'longscale', 'incompressibility', 'universal', 'poisson', 'ratios', 'and', 'a', 'nonlinear', 'stressstrain', 'relation', 'fo', 'arbitrary', 'small', 'strains', 'these', 'longscale', 'elastic', 'properties', 'are', 'em', 'universal', 'controlled', 'by', 'a', 'nontrivial', 'zerotemperature', 'fixed', 'point', 'and', 'constitute', 'a', 'qualitative', 'breakdown', 'of', 'the', 'classical', 'elasticity', 'theory', 'in', 'nematic', 'elastomers', 'thus', 'nematic', 'elastomers', 'realize', 'a', 'stable', 'critical', 'phase', 'characterized', 'by', 'universal', 'powerlaw', 'correlations', 'akin', 'to', 'a', 'critical', 'point', 'of', 'a', 'continuous', 'phase', 'transition', 'but', 'extending', 'over', 'an', 'entire', 'phase']] | [-0.19643608266892443, 0.28523240900051405, -0.1283102551178672, 0.012579366665704583, -0.09008901719244022, -0.1510008074237703, 0.025424801174722234, 0.3564302631057217, -0.3265591902345477, -0.22743929164425936, 0.05744164067391466, -0.2383070583055087, -0.21567614995910844, 0.08736990188117488, -0.013956227756352746, 0.10027949050254392, -0.08921257823021733, -0.05289552996327984, -0.0926983522831506, -0.1232982440997148, 0.2553110456046852, -0.010721820199250942, 0.3446149861701997, 0.01642209084729984, 0.10526311984835957, 0.03263488334596332, 0.07235481468069338, 0.10598612121430051, -0.19764098067341251, 0.0610543856937511, 0.28758497958369844, -0.1051465602049575, 0.1773036075210257, -0.4750158968672622, -0.24421358930442238, 0.08384362779634102, 0.09491183911177359, 0.11845027271920117, -0.012516315121956723, -0.23362803834424994, 0.03766365226101698, -0.16696122663597635, -0.19771516590481042, -0.16638666579910932, -0.006025389373007783, 0.024899377507949794, -0.1858519679726669, 0.13267391063300238, 0.09287703735026298, 0.08783509873137518, -0.10753448550894973, -0.04972670393090084, -0.05402202069399209, 0.012289961996202692, 0.08185678523477691, 0.032249766278255265, 0.19510236034329864, -0.19406998885006033, -0.0835880242066196, 0.4114315035085383, -0.025098003796301782, -0.14050187118846225, 0.16812068462968455, -0.08846427748949282, -0.10491398486919934, 0.2536403502926987, 0.14611074460049167, 0.06171926104616432, -0.09332817408358096, 0.04197349795572336, -0.032927842645449346, 0.20231176862421307, 0.07052551401102392, 0.028108722692195443, 0.2671755357114307, 0.18491883829119615, 0.016971239456324838, 0.16855137908714823, -0.04156182351789539, -0.08860115044444683, -0.32091779205075, -0.17442206067471488, -0.1800391272363413, 0.05714698408701224, -0.14312428631154717, -0.2645762722022482, 0.3254621674414011, 0.010251195918954181, 0.14756709118728395, 0.0286831157081906, 0.18928009707269666, 0.017280813534853223, 0.0474342740017164, 0.004215745620967937, 0.3119986315929282, 0.15916319627285702, 0.09140332029119236, -0.23431050502767903, 0.048208876396529377, 0.06729208163778821] |
709.3666 | Experimental study on Gaussian-modulated coherent states quantum key
distribution over standard telecom fiber | In this paper, we present a fully fiber-based one-way Quantum Key
Distribution (QKD) system implementing the Gaussian-Modulated Coherent States
(GMCS) protocol. The system employs a double Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI)
configuration in which the weak quantum signal and the strong Local Oscillator
(LO) go through the same fiber between Alice and Bob, and are separated into
two paths inside Bob's terminal. To suppress the LO leakage into the signal
path, which is an important contribution to the excess noise, we implemented a
novel scheme combining polarization and frequency multiplexing, achieving an
extinction ratio of 70dB. To further minimize the system excess noise due to
phase drift of the double MZI, we propose that, instead of employing phase
feedback control, one simply let Alice remap her data by performing a rotation
operation. We further present noise analysis both theoretically and
experimentally. Our calculation shows that the combined polarization and
frequency multiplexing scheme can achieve better stability in practice than the
time-multiplexing scheme, because it allows one to use matched fiber lengths
for the signal and the LO paths on both sides of the double MZI, greatly
reducing the phase instability caused by unmatched fiber lengths. Our
experimental noise analysis quantifies the three main contributions to the
excess noise, which will be instructive to future studies of the GMCS QKD
systems. Finally, we demonstrate, under the "realistic model" in which Eve
cannot control the system within Bob's terminal, a secure key rate of
0.3bit/pulse over a 5km fiber link. This key rate is about two orders of
magnitude higher than that of a practical BB84 QKD system.
| quant-ph | in this paper we present a fully fiberbased oneway quantum key distribution qkd system implementing the gaussianmodulated coherent states gmcs protocol the system employs a double machzehnder interferometer mzi configuration in which the weak quantum signal and the strong local oscillator lo go through the same fiber between alice and bob and are separated into two paths inside bobs terminal to suppress the lo leakage into the signal path which is an important contribution to the excess noise we implemented a novel scheme combining polarization and frequency multiplexing achieving an extinction ratio of 70db to further minimize the system excess noise due to phase drift of the double mzi we propose that instead of employing phase feedback control one simply let alice remap her data by performing a rotation operation we further present noise analysis both theoretically and experimentally our calculation shows that the combined polarization and frequency multiplexing scheme can achieve better stability in practice than the timemultiplexing scheme because it allows one to use matched fiber lengths for the signal and the lo paths on both sides of the double mzi greatly reducing the phase instability caused by unmatched fiber lengths our experimental noise analysis quantifies the three main contributions to the excess noise which will be instructive to future studies of the gmcs qkd systems finally we demonstrate under the realistic model in which eve cannot control the system within bobs terminal a secure key rate of 03bitpulse over a 5km fiber link this key rate is about two orders of magnitude higher than that of a practical bb84 qkd system | [['in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'present', 'a', 'fully', 'fiberbased', 'oneway', 'quantum', 'key', 'distribution', 'qkd', 'system', 'implementing', 'the', 'gaussianmodulated', 'coherent', 'states', 'gmcs', 'protocol', 'the', 'system', 'employs', 'a', 'double', 'machzehnder', 'interferometer', 'mzi', 'configuration', 'in', 'which', 'the', 'weak', 'quantum', 'signal', 'and', 'the', 'strong', 'local', 'oscillator', 'lo', 'go', 'through', 'the', 'same', 'fiber', 'between', 'alice', 'and', 'bob', 'and', 'are', 'separated', 'into', 'two', 'paths', 'inside', 'bobs', 'terminal', 'to', 'suppress', 'the', 'lo', 'leakage', 'into', 'the', 'signal', 'path', 'which', 'is', 'an', 'important', 'contribution', 'to', 'the', 'excess', 'noise', 'we', 'implemented', 'a', 'novel', 'scheme', 'combining', 'polarization', 'and', 'frequency', 'multiplexing', 'achieving', 'an', 'extinction', 'ratio', 'of', '70db', 'to', 'further', 'minimize', 'the', 'system', 'excess', 'noise', 'due', 'to', 'phase', 'drift', 'of', 'the', 'double', 'mzi', 'we', 'propose', 'that', 'instead', 'of', 'employing', 'phase', 'feedback', 'control', 'one', 'simply', 'let', 'alice', 'remap', 'her', 'data', 'by', 'performing', 'a', 'rotation', 'operation', 'we', 'further', 'present', 'noise', 'analysis', 'both', 'theoretically', 'and', 'experimentally', 'our', 'calculation', 'shows', 'that', 'the', 'combined', 'polarization', 'and', 'frequency', 'multiplexing', 'scheme', 'can', 'achieve', 'better', 'stability', 'in', 'practice', 'than', 'the', 'timemultiplexing', 'scheme', 'because', 'it', 'allows', 'one', 'to', 'use', 'matched', 'fiber', 'lengths', 'for', 'the', 'signal', 'and', 'the', 'lo', 'paths', 'on', 'both', 'sides', 'of', 'the', 'double', 'mzi', 'greatly', 'reducing', 'the', 'phase', 'instability', 'caused', 'by', 'unmatched', 'fiber', 'lengths', 'our', 'experimental', 'noise', 'analysis', 'quantifies', 'the', 'three', 'main', 'contributions', 'to', 'the', 'excess', 'noise', 'which', 'will', 'be', 'instructive', 'to', 'future', 'studies', 'of', 'the', 'gmcs', 'qkd', 'systems', 'finally', 'we', 'demonstrate', 'under', 'the', 'realistic', 'model', 'in', 'which', 'eve', 'can', 'not', 'control', 'the', 'system', 'within', 'bobs', 'terminal', 'a', 'secure', 'key', 'rate', 'of', '03bitpulse', 'over', 'a', '5km', 'fiber', 'link', 'this', 'key', 'rate', 'is', 'about', 'two', 'orders', 'of', 'magnitude', 'higher', 'than', 'that', 'of', 'a', 'practical', 'bb84', 'qkd', 'system']] | [-0.19828402557918293, 0.10128799415730155, -0.11120106757858372, 0.02260780752333107, -0.0026005763687532058, -0.20854021794278224, 0.09316122520998982, 0.4034053151880278, -0.26020585617339803, -0.2632652897172551, 0.059199791371638916, -0.23913107267815742, -0.1131626618849678, 0.22236335227595797, -0.10071648493987706, 0.05478947638810937, 0.04909890850081645, -0.034282138725481644, -0.02296604424687261, -0.23452360692538082, 0.28222442000129155, 0.09893291861005833, 0.3208865522668048, -0.012474771046871672, 0.13150994183899567, 0.037910409096212155, -0.010735518655344618, -0.04675248468960159, -0.09664203962504624, 0.07883540940604165, 0.23613196247694732, 0.08292839963047355, 0.2624451330321432, -0.38764921535943303, -0.19210004150668145, 0.10383250136466372, 0.1547459584642528, 0.13652806781112414, -0.01562385127225284, -0.29124504432724224, 0.062314335383593, -0.20428604605805242, -0.0977238237665557, -0.024678141259672968, -0.061054080500704884, 0.004227695555672736, -0.26198191270338034, 0.02414888113906438, 0.05395264141958306, 0.005087648112693745, 0.0387417068755674, -0.0703626945919082, -0.005339778242738579, 0.14590177734763446, -0.0485680036764472, 0.03313536502493221, 0.15477980169662536, -0.08802511900836235, -0.13957350621543205, 0.32681553978931555, -0.08152341694343097, -0.16165552883864043, 0.11767461212443639, -0.16081605066640556, -0.05059766400055113, 0.1561651383694191, 0.16216817667317987, 0.057695389461679784, -0.1412016593328162, -0.03737982750890572, 0.031502540022219444, 0.24759816482246882, 0.08027315285201467, 0.1360824979858466, 0.17863676201095863, 0.16429595186932464, 0.09495475183322208, 0.13573628424968442, -0.13236955792892718, -0.12136065831520793, -0.3069186575506165, -0.14867230004518095, -0.16804761412089592, 0.03946514142273483, -0.06664098193654024, -0.06236535078620143, 0.3785047954391468, 0.17613067078954456, 0.1547632147416924, 0.015084745850992587, 0.4322101304335802, 0.10470465552586547, 0.06845621089362822, 0.0589578271884062, 0.2757416619199582, 0.1437823891738486, 0.07961339283351801, -0.2532942049649798, 0.07714479014094015, -0.013774856805949557] |
709.3667 | Generalized sine-Gordon model and baryons in two-dimensional QCD | We consider the sl(3,C) affine Toda model coupled to matter (Dirac spinor)
(ATM) and through a gauge fixing procedure we obtain the classical version of
the generalized sl(3,C) sine-Gordon model (cGSG) which completely decouples
from the Dirac spinors. The GSG models are multifield extensions of the
ordinary sine-Gordon model. In the spinor sector we are left with Dirac fields
coupled to cGSG fields. Based on the equivalence between the U(1) vector and
topological currents, which holds in the theory, it is shown the confinement of
the spinors inside the solitons and kinks of the cGSG model providing an
extended hadron model for "quark" confinement [JHEP0701(2007)027]. Moreover,
the solitons and kinks of the generalized sine-Gordon (GSG) model are shown to
describe the normal and exotic baryon spectrum of two-dimensional QCD. The GSG
model arises in the low-energy effective action of bosonized QCD2 with unequal
quark mass parameters [JHEP0703(2007)055]. The GSG potential for three flavors
resembles the potential of the effective chiral lagrangian proposed by Witten
to describe low-energy behavior of four dimensional QCD. Among the attractive
features of the GSG model are the variety of soliton and kink type solutions
for QCD2 unequal quark mass parameters. Exotic baryons in QCD2 [ Ellis and
Frishman, JHEP0508(2005)081] are discussed in the context of the GSG model.
Various semi-classical computations are performed improving previous results
and clarifying the role of unequal quark masses. The remarkable double sine
Gordon model also arises as a reduced GSG model bearing a kink(K) type solution
describing a multi-baryon.
| hep-th | we consider the sl3c affine toda model coupled to matter dirac spinor atm and through a gauge fixing procedure we obtain the classical version of the generalized sl3c sinegordon model cgsg which completely decouples from the dirac spinors the gsg models are multifield extensions of the ordinary sinegordon model in the spinor sector we are left with dirac fields coupled to cgsg fields based on the equivalence between the u1 vector and topological currents which holds in the theory it is shown the confinement of the spinors inside the solitons and kinks of the cgsg model providing an extended hadron model for quark confinement jhep07012007027 moreover the solitons and kinks of the generalized sinegordon gsg model are shown to describe the normal and exotic baryon spectrum of twodimensional qcd the gsg model arises in the lowenergy effective action of bosonized qcd2 with unequal quark mass parameters jhep07032007055 the gsg potential for three flavors resembles the potential of the effective chiral lagrangian proposed by witten to describe lowenergy behavior of four dimensional qcd among the attractive features of the gsg model are the variety of soliton and kink type solutions for qcd2 unequal quark mass parameters exotic baryons in qcd2 ellis and frishman jhep05082005081 are discussed in the context of the gsg model various semiclassical computations are performed improving previous results and clarifying the role of unequal quark masses the remarkable double sine gordon model also arises as a reduced gsg model bearing a kinkk type solution describing a multibaryon | [['we', 'consider', 'the', 'sl3c', 'affine', 'toda', 'model', 'coupled', 'to', 'matter', 'dirac', 'spinor', 'atm', 'and', 'through', 'a', 'gauge', 'fixing', 'procedure', 'we', 'obtain', 'the', 'classical', 'version', 'of', 'the', 'generalized', 'sl3c', 'sinegordon', 'model', 'cgsg', 'which', 'completely', 'decouples', 'from', 'the', 'dirac', 'spinors', 'the', 'gsg', 'models', 'are', 'multifield', 'extensions', 'of', 'the', 'ordinary', 'sinegordon', 'model', 'in', 'the', 'spinor', 'sector', 'we', 'are', 'left', 'with', 'dirac', 'fields', 'coupled', 'to', 'cgsg', 'fields', 'based', 'on', 'the', 'equivalence', 'between', 'the', 'u1', 'vector', 'and', 'topological', 'currents', 'which', 'holds', 'in', 'the', 'theory', 'it', 'is', 'shown', 'the', 'confinement', 'of', 'the', 'spinors', 'inside', 'the', 'solitons', 'and', 'kinks', 'of', 'the', 'cgsg', 'model', 'providing', 'an', 'extended', 'hadron', 'model', 'for', 'quark', 'confinement', 'jhep07012007027', 'moreover', 'the', 'solitons', 'and', 'kinks', 'of', 'the', 'generalized', 'sinegordon', 'gsg', 'model', 'are', 'shown', 'to', 'describe', 'the', 'normal', 'and', 'exotic', 'baryon', 'spectrum', 'of', 'twodimensional', 'qcd', 'the', 'gsg', 'model', 'arises', 'in', 'the', 'lowenergy', 'effective', 'action', 'of', 'bosonized', 'qcd2', 'with', 'unequal', 'quark', 'mass', 'parameters', 'jhep07032007055', 'the', 'gsg', 'potential', 'for', 'three', 'flavors', 'resembles', 'the', 'potential', 'of', 'the', 'effective', 'chiral', 'lagrangian', 'proposed', 'by', 'witten', 'to', 'describe', 'lowenergy', 'behavior', 'of', 'four', 'dimensional', 'qcd', 'among', 'the', 'attractive', 'features', 'of', 'the', 'gsg', 'model', 'are', 'the', 'variety', 'of', 'soliton', 'and', 'kink', 'type', 'solutions', 'for', 'qcd2', 'unequal', 'quark', 'mass', 'parameters', 'exotic', 'baryons', 'in', 'qcd2', 'ellis', 'and', 'frishman', 'jhep05082005081', 'are', 'discussed', 'in', 'the', 'context', 'of', 'the', 'gsg', 'model', 'various', 'semiclassical', 'computations', 'are', 'performed', 'improving', 'previous', 'results', 'and', 'clarifying', 'the', 'role', 'of', 'unequal', 'quark', 'masses', 'the', 'remarkable', 'double', 'sine', 'gordon', 'model', 'also', 'arises', 'as', 'a', 'reduced', 'gsg', 'model', 'bearing', 'a', 'kinkk', 'type', 'solution', 'describing', 'a', 'multibaryon']] | [-0.13686199660019827, 0.19473359725476466, -0.06728480449786074, 0.11825604727119589, -0.0888136853311272, -0.19328251614647565, -0.024524898036883104, 0.2842489680137913, -0.18889543170448855, -0.24433897195200696, 0.018400924650524727, -0.2800507694788155, -0.145425352268249, 0.11856444800925273, 0.03139384886341506, 0.05404685186909237, -0.019328811299437504, 0.059346261696668616, -0.09655555433662394, -0.23273572194691533, 0.35179066153140126, -0.025412631491160968, 0.26453408521035165, 0.06516376615131701, 0.09377145726752818, 0.006288736957491788, 0.0031013064101704808, -0.040632881334845404, -0.1150884118721225, 0.07289209069834915, 0.15706249260406888, 0.009481964317974864, 0.10718679155192537, -0.40258888994175634, -0.24779014540149175, 0.09255996343992712, 0.1622761940883213, 0.14443765021192642, -0.04691644484934886, -0.3202695338910476, 0.04613643627877149, -0.2027891833453485, -0.21663498110042456, -0.0899973086531839, -0.020418372430330997, -0.02166495234113889, -0.2505117359334511, 0.09532401758805777, 0.019138947705600838, -0.012831257783635338, -0.07919027132638654, -0.12699298608139706, -0.09184953399893797, 0.025461410685656133, 0.09363773283541646, 0.01902116878582241, 0.08375232528976725, -0.20020188519495113, -0.13603137945756316, 0.4323687979581262, -0.08986443453315707, -0.23657075834430022, 0.14303042299446236, -0.08275829984393299, -0.11201624943851875, 0.06261790616506496, 0.12987587124406985, 0.09123210484957796, -0.13945412741149546, 0.18716714198540774, -0.08070660522970997, 0.09316093501965057, 0.07003010135166897, 0.019060887423053872, 0.2741135328256174, 0.16054054717609628, -0.026982296620816238, 0.10914128044425495, -0.02434141011660552, -0.17507380324789917, -0.3506756298259267, -0.1312950535206941, -0.10356281218252557, 0.04440373421902387, -0.11899535080034393, -0.17267024572285036, 0.44867210427573956, 0.11753191714810558, 0.16946637839056003, -0.004017542732772646, 0.2227378321036727, 0.13814665701051365, 0.065918399926588, 0.043466802232242266, 0.22951480047395606, 0.22352993049750441, 0.0848407945490717, -0.276090941876631, -0.1513790506373358, 0.17969573111956572] |
709.3668 | Fermions on one or fewer Kinks | We find the full spectrum of fermion bound states on a Z_2 kink. In addition
to the zero mode, there are int[2 m_f/m_s] bound states, where m_f is the
fermion and m_s the scalar mass. We also study fermion modes on the background
of a well-separated kink-antikink pair. Using a variational argument, we prove
that there is at least one bound state in this background, and that the energy
of this bound state goes to zero with increasing kink-antikink separation, 2L,
and faster than e^{-a2L} where a = min(m_s, 2 m_f). By numerical evaluation, we
find some of the low lying bound states explicitly.
| hep-th | we find the full spectrum of fermion bound states on a z_2 kink in addition to the zero mode there are int2 m_fm_s bound states where m_f is the fermion and m_s the scalar mass we also study fermion modes on the background of a wellseparated kinkantikink pair using a variational argument we prove that there is at least one bound state in this background and that the energy of this bound state goes to zero with increasing kinkantikink separation 2l and faster than ea2l where a minm_s 2 m_f by numerical evaluation we find some of the low lying bound states explicitly | [['we', 'find', 'the', 'full', 'spectrum', 'of', 'fermion', 'bound', 'states', 'on', 'a', 'z_2', 'kink', 'in', 'addition', 'to', 'the', 'zero', 'mode', 'there', 'are', 'int2', 'm_fm_s', 'bound', 'states', 'where', 'm_f', 'is', 'the', 'fermion', 'and', 'm_s', 'the', 'scalar', 'mass', 'we', 'also', 'study', 'fermion', 'modes', 'on', 'the', 'background', 'of', 'a', 'wellseparated', 'kinkantikink', 'pair', 'using', 'a', 'variational', 'argument', 'we', 'prove', 'that', 'there', 'is', 'at', 'least', 'one', 'bound', 'state', 'in', 'this', 'background', 'and', 'that', 'the', 'energy', 'of', 'this', 'bound', 'state', 'goes', 'to', 'zero', 'with', 'increasing', 'kinkantikink', 'separation', '2l', 'and', 'faster', 'than', 'ea2l', 'where', 'a', 'minm_s', '2', 'm_f', 'by', 'numerical', 'evaluation', 'we', 'find', 'some', 'of', 'the', 'low', 'lying', 'bound', 'states', 'explicitly']] | [-0.16746162922319138, 0.25360308617654476, -0.0751543121995649, 0.10134617378464852, 0.0004916039302550031, -0.15814295160875777, 0.09776354821944477, 0.29912565894321436, -0.16896224720873917, -0.3075823953770327, 0.058248217920819766, -0.3311925751693321, -0.08093780797501707, 0.12167712273264322, 0.06684782875306679, 0.015490583341681597, 0.05191008886792744, 0.11861922936702166, -0.08894320061392706, -0.21281962333755058, 0.3651489736982668, -0.017935372531564547, 0.24944525924181998, 0.09573043433177952, 0.06550330511585932, -0.03167545952189789, 0.09574358298847771, -0.07075262029250765, -0.16276068052802015, 0.06958282339995765, 0.1956806628179332, 0.07045391205500698, 0.23363120310159044, -0.3680510718676478, -0.14014449280056387, 0.1281906648896484, 0.19679349063039578, 0.1408274638762867, -0.05015274669241273, -0.2715592682361603, 0.12019887250010865, -0.16079818624814954, -0.14592622474983635, -0.05155636320793719, 0.003642046372547294, -0.08201766979523153, -0.2792929645552479, 0.11346210076237295, 0.0611232389446649, 0.003499803613081123, -0.06354740533432124, -0.14274438289511535, -0.07752677799799865, 0.0284124821132858, 0.11001569611688304, 0.05243738278549052, 0.06630597584363487, -0.14713969190764908, -0.09407031678564075, 0.30166489866120044, -0.11586143453490821, -0.2168115437773969, 0.19097507154249183, -0.159950041621359, -0.10351175140834065, 0.11934492762454531, 0.13613864459624195, 0.13648895099476882, -0.03686427103468415, 0.11303566070832077, -0.08443542563290608, 0.19893624998553835, 0.08884546653170025, 0.08608220351831705, 0.18078076161180784, 0.13605298066154273, 0.12362747392946422, 0.16238953661399358, -0.08041651179600093, -0.09319816223072885, -0.3382693392911343, -0.16366002454735207, -0.2224220634268178, 0.06378192533597801, -0.04550192287298169, -0.1533985344900025, 0.4030428329727264, 0.08867283419922295, 0.24829338581625823, 0.05441014542517186, 0.26875576983450566, 0.17510176912853212, 0.027422111716610614, 0.12764755032505049, 0.23751861797416385, 0.11774158861600992, 0.01112288280832346, -0.24381658627952665, -0.08110578074072948, 0.054091702342372046] |
709.3669 | Development of a thermal ionizer as ion catcher | An effective ion catcher is an important part of a radioactive beam facility
that is based on in-flight production. The catcher stops fast radioactive
products and emits them as singly charged slow ions. Current ion catchers are
based on stopping in He and H$_2$ gas. However, with increasing intensity of
the secondary beam the amount of ion-electron pairs created eventually prevents
the electromagnetic extraction of the radioactive ions from the gas cell. In
contrast, such limitations are not present in thermal ionizers used with the
ISOL production technique. Therefore, at least for alkaline and alkaline earth
elements, a thermal ionizer should then be preferred. An important use of the
TRI$\mu$P facility will be for precision measurements using atom traps. Atom
trapping is particularly possible for alkaline and alkaline earth isotopes. The
facility can produce up to 10$^9$ s$^{-1}$ of various Na isotopes with the
in-flight method. Therefore, we have built and tested a thermal ionizer. An
overview of the operation, design, construction, and commissioning of the
thermal ionizer for TRI$\mu$P will be presented along with first results for
$^{20}$Na and $^{21}$Na.
| nucl-ex | an effective ion catcher is an important part of a radioactive beam facility that is based on inflight production the catcher stops fast radioactive products and emits them as singly charged slow ions current ion catchers are based on stopping in he and h_2 gas however with increasing intensity of the secondary beam the amount of ionelectron pairs created eventually prevents the electromagnetic extraction of the radioactive ions from the gas cell in contrast such limitations are not present in thermal ionizers used with the isol production technique therefore at least for alkaline and alkaline earth elements a thermal ionizer should then be preferred an important use of the trimup facility will be for precision measurements using atom traps atom trapping is particularly possible for alkaline and alkaline earth isotopes the facility can produce up to 109 s1 of various na isotopes with the inflight method therefore we have built and tested a thermal ionizer an overview of the operation design construction and commissioning of the thermal ionizer for trimup will be presented along with first results for 20na and 21na | [['an', 'effective', 'ion', 'catcher', 'is', 'an', 'important', 'part', 'of', 'a', 'radioactive', 'beam', 'facility', 'that', 'is', 'based', 'on', 'inflight', 'production', 'the', 'catcher', 'stops', 'fast', 'radioactive', 'products', 'and', 'emits', 'them', 'as', 'singly', 'charged', 'slow', 'ions', 'current', 'ion', 'catchers', 'are', 'based', 'on', 'stopping', 'in', 'he', 'and', 'h_2', 'gas', 'however', 'with', 'increasing', 'intensity', 'of', 'the', 'secondary', 'beam', 'the', 'amount', 'of', 'ionelectron', 'pairs', 'created', 'eventually', 'prevents', 'the', 'electromagnetic', 'extraction', 'of', 'the', 'radioactive', 'ions', 'from', 'the', 'gas', 'cell', 'in', 'contrast', 'such', 'limitations', 'are', 'not', 'present', 'in', 'thermal', 'ionizers', 'used', 'with', 'the', 'isol', 'production', 'technique', 'therefore', 'at', 'least', 'for', 'alkaline', 'and', 'alkaline', 'earth', 'elements', 'a', 'thermal', 'ionizer', 'should', 'then', 'be', 'preferred', 'an', 'important', 'use', 'of', 'the', 'trimup', 'facility', 'will', 'be', 'for', 'precision', 'measurements', 'using', 'atom', 'traps', 'atom', 'trapping', 'is', 'particularly', 'possible', 'for', 'alkaline', 'and', 'alkaline', 'earth', 'isotopes', 'the', 'facility', 'can', 'produce', 'up', 'to', '109', 's1', 'of', 'various', 'na', 'isotopes', 'with', 'the', 'inflight', 'method', 'therefore', 'we', 'have', 'built', 'and', 'tested', 'a', 'thermal', 'ionizer', 'an', 'overview', 'of', 'the', 'operation', 'design', 'construction', 'and', 'commissioning', 'of', 'the', 'thermal', 'ionizer', 'for', 'trimup', 'will', 'be', 'presented', 'along', 'with', 'first', 'results', 'for', '20na', 'and', '21na']] | [-0.006433303883790763, 0.24180207439834098, -0.011769911316999544, 0.014340180227817554, 0.029403396897638837, -0.16434504599051758, 0.02959154810782315, 0.40994727191411784, -0.20926581053580676, -0.2768673015777798, 0.0823601218205618, -0.33531313781988703, 0.03899323896815379, 0.22045219256025222, -0.00823931370396167, 0.034434212894282404, 0.0998078684684717, 0.014140531573341124, -0.02431697058329721, -0.19331569188377923, 0.23463646449252135, 0.2028236675166732, 0.23822890774398628, 0.10945752681129509, 0.08290705510363397, -0.040610226750464384, 0.004290579957887531, -0.05226499171824091, -0.07136891784114899, 0.1091643061204296, 0.2279492388259516, 0.13599980271085063, 0.18944975659509913, -0.46790104997861715, -0.15257850563163325, 0.08426415770922581, 0.1521264246626136, 0.12312399794140624, -0.15174005026605705, -0.2577573502591501, 0.03347949243357612, -0.19140167695263194, -0.1638261063878114, -0.04455106354629, 0.025186279858462512, 0.08426051506863183, -0.30658767841135465, -0.02956525082586773, -0.020562970951303012, 0.08052173198666424, -0.08189845222772824, -0.1889421976585355, 0.007268909152157397, 0.0554066149045765, 0.02538548666699272, 0.01711421376352923, 0.23135945974693944, -0.055045668897219, -0.037100095224256315, 0.4235895031183544, -0.07957782641881042, -0.08419052197908362, 0.1784126189783112, -0.1282626877254289, -0.10541437404463068, 0.20526343509619538, 0.17135594853316433, 0.13417517927268313, -0.1896131156400467, 0.0021603245063387374, 0.016094712677618694, 0.15606449154005936, 0.10877961598000385, 0.05190381051377497, 0.246253556985822, 0.19913998649377998, 0.03475899564800784, 0.11096993013391815, -0.16388691632942531, 0.017216658736126395, -0.2662804306426551, -0.20370400188726812, -0.11233465637390812, 0.024677915282680058, 0.00965130319301453, -0.11087161728161542, 0.32581807246638667, 0.09903384618616352, 0.13313504451264938, -0.09452055000130916, 0.30976952887657616, 0.05347581438383915, 0.03862697638364302, 0.03556474230071116, 0.27387699799922605, 0.11420115567064688, 0.13011836891269518, -0.26796083941978094, 0.08371404370086061, 0.044271381157967776] |
709.367 | Production and trapping of radioactive atoms at the TRI\muP facility | The structures for the TRI$\mu$P facility have been completed and
commissioned. At the facility radioactive nuclides are produced to study
fundamental interactions and symmetries. An important feature is the
possibility to trap radioactive atoms in order to obtain and hold a pure
substrate-free sample for precision measurements. In the TRI$\mu$P facility a
production target is followed by a magnetic separator, where radioactive
isotopes are produced in inverse reaction kinematics. Separation up to 99.95%
could be achieved for $^{21}$Na. A novel transmitting thermal ionizing device
was developed to stop the energetic isotopes. Some 50% of stopped $^{21}$Na
could be extracted and transported as low energy singly charged ions into a
radio frequency quadrupole cooler and buncher with 35% transmission efficiency.
The ions are transported lossless via a drift tube and a low energy
electrostatic beam line into the experimental setup. Such ions can be
neutralized on hot metal foils and the resulting atoms can be stored in a
magneto-optical trap. The functioning of that principle was demonstrated with
stable Na extracted from the thermal ionizer, radioactive beams will follow
next.
| nucl-ex | the structures for the trimup facility have been completed and commissioned at the facility radioactive nuclides are produced to study fundamental interactions and symmetries an important feature is the possibility to trap radioactive atoms in order to obtain and hold a pure substratefree sample for precision measurements in the trimup facility a production target is followed by a magnetic separator where radioactive isotopes are produced in inverse reaction kinematics separation up to 9995 could be achieved for 21na a novel transmitting thermal ionizing device was developed to stop the energetic isotopes some 50 of stopped 21na could be extracted and transported as low energy singly charged ions into a radio frequency quadrupole cooler and buncher with 35 transmission efficiency the ions are transported lossless via a drift tube and a low energy electrostatic beam line into the experimental setup such ions can be neutralized on hot metal foils and the resulting atoms can be stored in a magnetooptical trap the functioning of that principle was demonstrated with stable na extracted from the thermal ionizer radioactive beams will follow next | [['the', 'structures', 'for', 'the', 'trimup', 'facility', 'have', 'been', 'completed', 'and', 'commissioned', 'at', 'the', 'facility', 'radioactive', 'nuclides', 'are', 'produced', 'to', 'study', 'fundamental', 'interactions', 'and', 'symmetries', 'an', 'important', 'feature', 'is', 'the', 'possibility', 'to', 'trap', 'radioactive', 'atoms', 'in', 'order', 'to', 'obtain', 'and', 'hold', 'a', 'pure', 'substratefree', 'sample', 'for', 'precision', 'measurements', 'in', 'the', 'trimup', 'facility', 'a', 'production', 'target', 'is', 'followed', 'by', 'a', 'magnetic', 'separator', 'where', 'radioactive', 'isotopes', 'are', 'produced', 'in', 'inverse', 'reaction', 'kinematics', 'separation', 'up', 'to', '9995', 'could', 'be', 'achieved', 'for', '21na', 'a', 'novel', 'transmitting', 'thermal', 'ionizing', 'device', 'was', 'developed', 'to', 'stop', 'the', 'energetic', 'isotopes', 'some', '50', 'of', 'stopped', '21na', 'could', 'be', 'extracted', 'and', 'transported', 'as', 'low', 'energy', 'singly', 'charged', 'ions', 'into', 'a', 'radio', 'frequency', 'quadrupole', 'cooler', 'and', 'buncher', 'with', '35', 'transmission', 'efficiency', 'the', 'ions', 'are', 'transported', 'lossless', 'via', 'a', 'drift', 'tube', 'and', 'a', 'low', 'energy', 'electrostatic', 'beam', 'line', 'into', 'the', 'experimental', 'setup', 'such', 'ions', 'can', 'be', 'neutralized', 'on', 'hot', 'metal', 'foils', 'and', 'the', 'resulting', 'atoms', 'can', 'be', 'stored', 'in', 'a', 'magnetooptical', 'trap', 'the', 'functioning', 'of', 'that', 'principle', 'was', 'demonstrated', 'with', 'stable', 'na', 'extracted', 'from', 'the', 'thermal', 'ionizer', 'radioactive', 'beams', 'will', 'follow', 'next']] | [-0.032131896299627406, 0.2509421922856527, -0.03013762173567399, 0.041775557044412236, 0.013731942746226349, -0.1929105879353911, 0.03488380826135588, 0.4146396334818955, -0.24258305319694168, -0.30018839402405245, 0.02873471859509552, -0.3251127995519415, 0.08875001545516806, 0.2059316469210736, 0.007276107481675608, 0.04635464388541565, 0.08038149869418053, -0.009383016531928001, -0.007405845972568879, -0.17221827916644888, 0.20802274401502568, 0.19010041825806295, 0.27785143133398543, 0.08671387415717476, 0.09344802219836905, -0.07317981760403891, 0.027905163073238485, -0.019590997454507392, -0.06083172421751046, 0.08524304442497896, 0.25765915065268885, 0.0897595120721377, 0.1925311251751579, -0.4604875478714587, -0.19846057403616754, 0.08533435465128021, 0.16190239394931694, 0.11711477601841189, -0.15920648784519761, -0.28159341254068654, 0.06088663712250192, -0.16312132451121367, -0.14339333794771708, -0.03219898579923134, -0.0015701613956073809, 0.0669136898131656, -0.3087247169795108, -0.003518144430998484, -0.011684990714970122, 0.05694928596332128, -0.0833912725786694, -0.15293034864589572, -0.012285311378580232, 0.060208206202226104, -0.007690671324084758, 0.02080017483910915, 0.249220387573099, -0.053871440898897595, -0.04407946605172903, 0.3876094367178209, -0.0402580991513538, -0.08236066685916658, 0.1324884188247652, -0.1770577342288475, -0.06982841133497729, 0.22921545313692043, 0.18813391659778214, 0.10788048238509111, -0.20602827119529143, 0.0016682169643392026, 0.02578308853690185, 0.16138018625684333, 0.1532349116325004, 0.031321153447926874, 0.2533522016165892, 0.18483234636678084, 0.0005305958196375124, 0.14907300718487682, -0.1700362942699218, 0.007517911501582608, -0.24249448006004928, -0.17505176749302195, -0.12115449207449884, 0.06972158372834034, 0.02288787737909858, -0.0684311125513983, 0.35216017226121443, 0.042758155201806286, 0.14757304048641584, -0.09938715746516996, 0.2906972972478447, 0.07614306518781992, 0.09603505837161994, 0.03442089738032921, 0.30281312994846904, 0.1580246240069684, 0.14086531915093184, -0.24506052765948438, 0.06143214698756041, 0.026027359428695877] |
709.3671 | A fractal approach to the rheology of concentrated cell suspensions | Results on the rheological behavior of novel CHO cell suspensions in a large
range of concentrations are reported. The concentration dependent yield stress
and elastic plateau modulus are formalized in the context of fractal aggregates
under shear, and quite different exponents are found as compared to the case of
red blood cell suspensions. This is explained in terms of intrinsic microscopic
parameters such as the cell-cell adhesion energy and cell elasticity but also
the cell individual dynamic properties, found to correlate well with
viscoelastic data at large concentrations (phi>0.5).
| cond-mat.soft | results on the rheological behavior of novel cho cell suspensions in a large range of concentrations are reported the concentration dependent yield stress and elastic plateau modulus are formalized in the context of fractal aggregates under shear and quite different exponents are found as compared to the case of red blood cell suspensions this is explained in terms of intrinsic microscopic parameters such as the cellcell adhesion energy and cell elasticity but also the cell individual dynamic properties found to correlate well with viscoelastic data at large concentrations phi05 | [['results', 'on', 'the', 'rheological', 'behavior', 'of', 'novel', 'cho', 'cell', 'suspensions', 'in', 'a', 'large', 'range', 'of', 'concentrations', 'are', 'reported', 'the', 'concentration', 'dependent', 'yield', 'stress', 'and', 'elastic', 'plateau', 'modulus', 'are', 'formalized', 'in', 'the', 'context', 'of', 'fractal', 'aggregates', 'under', 'shear', 'and', 'quite', 'different', 'exponents', 'are', 'found', 'as', 'compared', 'to', 'the', 'case', 'of', 'red', 'blood', 'cell', 'suspensions', 'this', 'is', 'explained', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'intrinsic', 'microscopic', 'parameters', 'such', 'as', 'the', 'cellcell', 'adhesion', 'energy', 'and', 'cell', 'elasticity', 'but', 'also', 'the', 'cell', 'individual', 'dynamic', 'properties', 'found', 'to', 'correlate', 'well', 'with', 'viscoelastic', 'data', 'at', 'large', 'concentrations', 'phi05']] | [-0.08295640783394907, 0.1895451328633458, -0.036583561031671055, 0.02356407766915816, -0.00394426372027799, -0.10561650162144157, 0.017569592567893227, 0.36671554056137506, -0.275368364789429, -0.289346371929088, 0.05233713915555874, -0.2550251341079561, -0.19430423897868965, 0.1761851842420992, -0.09596009328019585, 0.052159084300144334, -0.003920947749617646, -0.0004941206320785405, 0.030557084860008084, -0.1805224397868504, 0.2088362519430478, 0.03156550308647618, 0.3487504973923892, 0.08032174917720153, 0.07319742182839997, -0.052647893424302844, 0.0024802658780153546, 0.1391296184653144, -0.19985724249959327, 0.0663326199773406, 0.27052836824375925, -0.03141169233791781, 0.17680110671463306, -0.4526665215956026, -0.26515119194492615, 0.053783563470593494, 0.14315948036258644, 0.07687759313606814, -0.007259521639926799, -0.19209516525341805, 0.07475079391203988, -0.11896822837003496, -0.1308419213452366, -0.0728436926421657, 0.04297254972285434, 0.1269852605025713, -0.2306687113399921, 0.21761812071094885, -0.011713046440593062, 0.12376089477806948, -0.16587721479250891, -0.16289896327541786, -0.06696619649072376, 0.13309833713940586, 0.10964135294832457, -0.03961201540058416, 0.28723455557411304, -0.14193217980340542, -0.019149023390720398, 0.4073631755505385, -0.004362883158760627, -0.19754105877507938, 0.2563368392574569, -0.1606368880112017, -0.09328265591221077, 0.16969859014589633, 0.1724095722827851, 0.06942560753962967, -0.1698111416562722, -0.008448927518728534, -0.014798884412137728, 0.17026282923317024, 0.11062007068311062, 0.022982665473658046, 0.16201303438859038, 0.2369768415064959, -0.0227801865908537, 0.12515146793337184, -0.08491497820379275, -0.07415839400812146, -0.25070970976369433, -0.13147701806940787, -0.16396238250406772, 0.034144068764669175, -0.1628358601901505, -0.21002874181218698, 0.32841635093595206, 0.028403938381691998, 0.22616036208948184, 0.09367600285312098, 0.1836877972321857, 0.018797151919642693, 0.0908028064347971, -0.025203637294785194, 0.2829964419439686, 0.14041340013107892, 0.18747667540806565, -0.2681262334128528, 0.13804407949883785, 0.03191311294840795] |
709.3672 | Baryon Acoustic Oscillation Intensity Mapping as a Test of Dark Energy | The expansion of the universe appears to be accelerating, and the mysterious
anti-gravity agent of this acceleration has been called ``dark energy''. To
measure the dynamics of dark energy, Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) can be
used. Previous discussions of the BAO dark energy test have focused on direct
measurements of redshifts of as many as $10^9$ individual galaxies, by
observing the 21cm line or by detecting optical emission. Here we show how the
study of acoustic oscillation in the 21 cm brightness can be accomplished by
economical three dimensional intensity mapping. If our estimates gain
acceptance they may be the starting point for a new class of dark energy
experiments dedicated to large angular scale mapping of the radio sky, shedding
light on dark energy.
| astro-ph | the expansion of the universe appears to be accelerating and the mysterious antigravity agent of this acceleration has been called dark energy to measure the dynamics of dark energy baryon acoustic oscillations bao can be used previous discussions of the bao dark energy test have focused on direct measurements of redshifts of as many as 109 individual galaxies by observing the 21cm line or by detecting optical emission here we show how the study of acoustic oscillation in the 21 cm brightness can be accomplished by economical three dimensional intensity mapping if our estimates gain acceptance they may be the starting point for a new class of dark energy experiments dedicated to large angular scale mapping of the radio sky shedding light on dark energy | [['the', 'expansion', 'of', 'the', 'universe', 'appears', 'to', 'be', 'accelerating', 'and', 'the', 'mysterious', 'antigravity', 'agent', 'of', 'this', 'acceleration', 'has', 'been', 'called', 'dark', 'energy', 'to', 'measure', 'the', 'dynamics', 'of', 'dark', 'energy', 'baryon', 'acoustic', 'oscillations', 'bao', 'can', 'be', 'used', 'previous', 'discussions', 'of', 'the', 'bao', 'dark', 'energy', 'test', 'have', 'focused', 'on', 'direct', 'measurements', 'of', 'redshifts', 'of', 'as', 'many', 'as', '109', 'individual', 'galaxies', 'by', 'observing', 'the', '21cm', 'line', 'or', 'by', 'detecting', 'optical', 'emission', 'here', 'we', 'show', 'how', 'the', 'study', 'of', 'acoustic', 'oscillation', 'in', 'the', '21', 'cm', 'brightness', 'can', 'be', 'accomplished', 'by', 'economical', 'three', 'dimensional', 'intensity', 'mapping', 'if', 'our', 'estimates', 'gain', 'acceptance', 'they', 'may', 'be', 'the', 'starting', 'point', 'for', 'a', 'new', 'class', 'of', 'dark', 'energy', 'experiments', 'dedicated', 'to', 'large', 'angular', 'scale', 'mapping', 'of', 'the', 'radio', 'sky', 'shedding', 'light', 'on', 'dark', 'energy']] | [-0.10452953652665019, 0.153920719653368, -0.09327508526667952, 0.11083747501950711, -0.1276111345589161, -0.09292060442082584, 0.01045328850671649, 0.3630369725376368, -0.2121002527177334, -0.3510948490947485, 0.08303123276401311, -0.2666103708446026, -0.011554629372432828, 0.22074750795029105, 0.030479004170745613, 0.009286765880417078, 0.01923076665401459, -0.016326811000704766, -0.003053136904723942, -0.23719224248826504, 0.2984964196756482, 0.14208778350055218, 0.27092973846569657, 0.03820593944378197, 0.09531329011544586, -0.0745765963178128, -0.09930484852939844, 0.00571851315535605, -0.14099795812286903, 0.07561390512809157, 0.24628367500007153, 0.15511197027377785, 0.23509459626115858, -0.39487175619602205, -0.27136641140282153, 0.17649635407701134, 0.18405960750952363, 0.12532989831268787, -0.07752858469076454, -0.3271866916352883, 0.019527578296139835, -0.14197351835295557, -0.13057592239230872, -0.03658928029576782, -0.02078054852038622, 0.05826024108566344, -0.17442498818784952, 0.12592982752062382, -0.01871833447087556, 0.022028205275535583, -0.05665118597075343, -0.06566729096695781, -0.013778282826766372, 0.047045510722324255, 0.05063707225397229, 0.03219839848019183, 0.18520257863402367, -0.13599978758284123, -0.08233403941243887, 0.4184489636942744, -0.11533699074946344, -0.08399214491434395, 0.15733847266435624, -0.17212669969908892, -0.12079458390176297, 0.13924389389716088, 0.18878461926057935, 0.03272143074311316, -0.14777172297239305, 0.06610787039762363, -0.017341694202274084, 0.19124598093074746, 0.10259171616099774, 0.05204743262380362, 0.3310286343023181, 0.16507593845948576, 0.07509631329914555, 0.04438240579143166, -0.17999458656832576, 0.024241400957107542, -0.2868875762820244, -0.12486294596642256, -0.20998874665424228, 0.10565173088759183, -0.06655465870222542, -0.08633223493397237, 0.4270448065251112, 0.1076802814961411, 0.21671898168325424, 0.006956656090915203, 0.33675715506076814, 0.0904289517197758, 0.07411650799680501, 0.025244389735162256, 0.3363093894161284, 0.08445236539019971, 0.1186728198863566, -0.23729698418825865, -0.016409737884998322, 0.012809288723394275] |
709.3673 | Gauss-Green theorem for weakly differentiable vector fields, sets of
finite perimeter, and balance laws | We analyze a class of weakly differentiable vector fields (\FF \colon \rn \to
\rn) with the property that (\FF\in L^{\infty}) and (\div \FF) is a Radon
measure. The primary focus of our investigation is to introduce a suitable
notion of the normal trace of any divergence-measure field $\FF$ over the
boundary of an arbitrary set of finite perimeter, which ensures the validity of
the Gauss-Green theorem. To achieve this, we establish a fundamental
approximation theorem which states that, given a Radon measure $\mu$ that is
absolutely continuous with respect to $\mathcal{H}^{N-1}$ on $\rn$, any set of
finite perimeter can be approximated by a family of sets with smooth boundary
essentially from the measure-theoretic interior of the set with respect to the
measure $\|\mu\|$. With this approximation theorem, we derive the normal trace
of $\FF$ on the boundary of any set of finite perimeter, (E), as the limit of
the normal traces of $\FF$ on the boundaries of the approximate sets with
smooth boundary, so that the Gauss-Green theorem for $\FF$ holds on (E). With
these results, we analyze the Cauchy fluxes that are bounded by a Radon measure
over any oriented surface (i.e. an $(N-1)$-dimensional surface that is a part
of the boundary of a set of finite perimeter) and thereby develop a general
mathematical formulation of the physical principle of balance law through the
Cauchy flux. Finally, we apply this framework to the derivation of systems of
balance laws with measure-valued source terms from the formulation of balance
law. This framework also allows the recovery of Cauchy entropy fluxes through
the Lax entropy inequality for entropy solutions of hyperbolic conservation
laws.
| math.AP | we analyze a class of weakly differentiable vector fields ff colon rn to rn with the property that ffin linfty and div ff is a radon measure the primary focus of our investigation is to introduce a suitable notion of the normal trace of any divergencemeasure field ff over the boundary of an arbitrary set of finite perimeter which ensures the validity of the gaussgreen theorem to achieve this we establish a fundamental approximation theorem which states that given a radon measure mu that is absolutely continuous with respect to mathcalhn1 on rn any set of finite perimeter can be approximated by a family of sets with smooth boundary essentially from the measuretheoretic interior of the set with respect to the measure mu with this approximation theorem we derive the normal trace of ff on the boundary of any set of finite perimeter e as the limit of the normal traces of ff on the boundaries of the approximate sets with smooth boundary so that the gaussgreen theorem for ff holds on e with these results we analyze the cauchy fluxes that are bounded by a radon measure over any oriented surface ie an n1dimensional surface that is a part of the boundary of a set of finite perimeter and thereby develop a general mathematical formulation of the physical principle of balance law through the cauchy flux finally we apply this framework to the derivation of systems of balance laws with measurevalued source terms from the formulation of balance law this framework also allows the recovery of cauchy entropy fluxes through the lax entropy inequality for entropy solutions of hyperbolic conservation laws | [['we', 'analyze', 'a', 'class', 'of', 'weakly', 'differentiable', 'vector', 'fields', 'ff', 'colon', 'rn', 'to', 'rn', 'with', 'the', 'property', 'that', 'ffin', 'linfty', 'and', 'div', 'ff', 'is', 'a', 'radon', 'measure', 'the', 'primary', 'focus', 'of', 'our', 'investigation', 'is', 'to', 'introduce', 'a', 'suitable', 'notion', 'of', 'the', 'normal', 'trace', 'of', 'any', 'divergencemeasure', 'field', 'ff', 'over', 'the', 'boundary', 'of', 'an', 'arbitrary', 'set', 'of', 'finite', 'perimeter', 'which', 'ensures', 'the', 'validity', 'of', 'the', 'gaussgreen', 'theorem', 'to', 'achieve', 'this', 'we', 'establish', 'a', 'fundamental', 'approximation', 'theorem', 'which', 'states', 'that', 'given', 'a', 'radon', 'measure', 'mu', 'that', 'is', 'absolutely', 'continuous', 'with', 'respect', 'to', 'mathcalhn1', 'on', 'rn', 'any', 'set', 'of', 'finite', 'perimeter', 'can', 'be', 'approximated', 'by', 'a', 'family', 'of', 'sets', 'with', 'smooth', 'boundary', 'essentially', 'from', 'the', 'measuretheoretic', 'interior', 'of', 'the', 'set', 'with', 'respect', 'to', 'the', 'measure', 'mu', 'with', 'this', 'approximation', 'theorem', 'we', 'derive', 'the', 'normal', 'trace', 'of', 'ff', 'on', 'the', 'boundary', 'of', 'any', 'set', 'of', 'finite', 'perimeter', 'e', 'as', 'the', 'limit', 'of', 'the', 'normal', 'traces', 'of', 'ff', 'on', 'the', 'boundaries', 'of', 'the', 'approximate', 'sets', 'with', 'smooth', 'boundary', 'so', 'that', 'the', 'gaussgreen', 'theorem', 'for', 'ff', 'holds', 'on', 'e', 'with', 'these', 'results', 'we', 'analyze', 'the', 'cauchy', 'fluxes', 'that', 'are', 'bounded', 'by', 'a', 'radon', 'measure', 'over', 'any', 'oriented', 'surface', 'ie', 'an', 'n1dimensional', 'surface', 'that', 'is', 'a', 'part', 'of', 'the', 'boundary', 'of', 'a', 'set', 'of', 'finite', 'perimeter', 'and', 'thereby', 'develop', 'a', 'general', 'mathematical', 'formulation', 'of', 'the', 'physical', 'principle', 'of', 'balance', 'law', 'through', 'the', 'cauchy', 'flux', 'finally', 'we', 'apply', 'this', 'framework', 'to', 'the', 'derivation', 'of', 'systems', 'of', 'balance', 'laws', 'with', 'measurevalued', 'source', 'terms', 'from', 'the', 'formulation', 'of', 'balance', 'law', 'this', 'framework', 'also', 'allows', 'the', 'recovery', 'of', 'cauchy', 'entropy', 'fluxes', 'through', 'the', 'lax', 'entropy', 'inequality', 'for', 'entropy', 'solutions', 'of', 'hyperbolic', 'conservation', 'laws']] | [-0.12695804036689773, 0.09091485294041324, -0.10731142813593204, 0.031309569168918056, -0.04136403107002158, -0.09205007219947327, 0.059242813364749854, 0.2934561622027746, -0.2892885575582862, -0.2050498100618236, 0.11092242371266954, -0.27215399277386443, -0.07855344727217659, 0.18520640453446985, -0.10063921249350054, 0.06807853219523917, 0.024313723386833717, 0.06963923245134271, -0.09167824743182042, -0.18404912791404915, 0.3959640782122733, -0.0571916172048077, 0.2683848737232277, 0.08260857178110574, 0.1297230243371279, -0.013467274239862008, -0.013236476580941063, 0.0595535839221317, -0.16418350268036996, 0.1581517349498908, 0.20703099325627966, 0.12460571701333667, 0.2574607269583366, -0.38537533210782227, -0.20231018859126113, 0.17253808608032106, 0.05997667576765012, 0.003376438403981464, -0.009893708051309017, -0.27853616795105424, 0.12570989036569646, -0.12699165580082028, -0.19044192217680736, -0.06535852152249871, 0.03785492503127042, 0.06062029660782119, -0.2963801683474551, 0.07042401062865204, 0.12725822743317727, 0.04370502819416716, -0.12746524715240573, -0.05008984244683662, -0.04142046693510458, 0.07957218177376918, 0.033516208433973266, 0.08173869249174673, 0.08984702770345286, -0.06266954755247912, -0.06379407796339365, 0.3600136057132605, -0.09295337581908611, -0.2775254467406365, 0.169754352674799, -0.16556037274216684, -0.08686190958456684, 0.11099063487713198, 0.1447248598389492, 0.13602296004581363, -0.16071592044253896, 0.1627195261017358, -0.08433129629980506, 0.11841034298755831, 0.07051187573747217, 0.0039356601555482484, 0.1475198256324374, 0.10931702144615188, 0.16299108659115838, 0.16228871163954917, -0.07726521658632383, -0.07459590478709502, -0.41456580216832023, -0.20547080795992823, -0.18409159129334832, 0.09899063928306158, -0.10931909558958604, -0.23511186819044216, 0.3401750186334111, 0.08738444058947019, 0.1789621979551157, 0.13930593684884063, 0.2489666950183592, 0.16334396039452687, 0.028078975132837726, 0.07773332359433613, 0.1451966450053185, 0.1686661717685638, 0.04495811458978364, -0.21444081278819152, 0.022203924657386617, 0.1457927733856516] |
709.3674 | Implication of Classical Black Hole Evaporation Conjecture to Floating
Black Holes | In Randall-Sundrum single-brane (RS-II) model, it was conjectured that there
is no static large black hole localized on the brane based on adS/CFT
correspondence. Here we consider the phase diagram of black objects in the
models extended from the RS-II model. We propose a scenario for the phase
diagram consistent with the classical black hole evaporation conjecture. The
proposed scenario indicates the existence of a rich variety of the families of
black objects.
| gr-qc | in randallsundrum singlebrane rsii model it was conjectured that there is no static large black hole localized on the brane based on adscft correspondence here we consider the phase diagram of black objects in the models extended from the rsii model we propose a scenario for the phase diagram consistent with the classical black hole evaporation conjecture the proposed scenario indicates the existence of a rich variety of the families of black objects | [['in', 'randallsundrum', 'singlebrane', 'rsii', 'model', 'it', 'was', 'conjectured', 'that', 'there', 'is', 'no', 'static', 'large', 'black', 'hole', 'localized', 'on', 'the', 'brane', 'based', 'on', 'adscft', 'correspondence', 'here', 'we', 'consider', 'the', 'phase', 'diagram', 'of', 'black', 'objects', 'in', 'the', 'models', 'extended', 'from', 'the', 'rsii', 'model', 'we', 'propose', 'a', 'scenario', 'for', 'the', 'phase', 'diagram', 'consistent', 'with', 'the', 'classical', 'black', 'hole', 'evaporation', 'conjecture', 'the', 'proposed', 'scenario', 'indicates', 'the', 'existence', 'of', 'a', 'rich', 'variety', 'of', 'the', 'families', 'of', 'black', 'objects']] | [-0.14936372505067147, 0.06671383069215776, -0.0975014034978414, 0.16217808058797956, -0.06570640527834631, -0.18028973427613917, 0.04385118079307961, 0.28277092969223655, -0.11862578720798435, -0.2836272233127527, 0.07362949066757135, -0.2821416539580191, -0.15764233201410469, 0.15489334444043368, -0.08776226226393491, -0.0058393882721509425, -0.003629994616933065, 0.030915264882249376, -0.07932821301143769, -0.216682289538854, 0.3956664912976733, 0.007324974221649439, 0.28072554964495644, 0.0016197189752471773, 0.09062093664088273, -0.013314586164659425, 0.05932653724687965, 0.0607132069154145, -0.20003723150666577, 0.06611372998673214, 0.18512550771001396, 0.1417297159755373, 0.12374070714776443, -0.38423826634781816, -0.2815589386976184, 0.10483262829533586, 0.14121688248538602, 0.18432407688400518, -0.14827285320753206, -0.28346729625577793, 0.0860117438651162, -0.2576076254975816, -0.13852503782214776, 0.0288235967825741, 0.041017119759974414, -0.1259632711936656, -0.20832488960139964, 0.12618298752054777, 0.06191759092146403, -0.05447340586975421, -0.13028230658438925, -0.005900191181428628, -0.07149470656510595, 0.0340742513039851, 0.0946185835684994, 0.015821632425211472, 0.10413817779403435, -0.12244226718289548, -0.14820817651303664, 0.3372364884357236, -0.05856838341394108, -0.13652009033432153, 0.22058350261466655, -0.1959801604779922, -0.13460849096028976, 0.08780150912536232, 0.12018821444617558, 0.22983200858308844, -0.11500803621929165, 0.17932981440210588, -0.09290406539117636, 0.19550395211562105, 0.058804607720509786, 0.010739428244773554, 0.4119141465690854, 0.18842122863263708, -0.05845991525901099, 0.22567060277542125, -0.08000205088508865, -0.16245146141680952, -0.33173558535692216, -0.10987622556053357, -0.15263092593124059, 0.03807907904600342, -0.19218919951188035, -0.21499870092391152, 0.327299602814529, 0.1347846636917021, 0.20170490867904808, -0.01056001926070615, 0.2025940146565131, 0.028101749994077604, 0.024247238871781793, 0.07664785537332909, 0.3308216609724172, 0.10508539182554981, 0.13797725457698107, -0.2156597466354756, -0.02058458611231986, 0.15575943047767632] |
709.3675 | Length control of microtubules by depolymerizing motor proteins | In many intracellular processes, the length distribution of microtubules is
controlled by depolymerizing motor proteins. Experiments have shown that,
following non-specific binding to the surface of a microtubule, depolymerizers
are transported to the microtubule tip(s) by diffusion or directed walk and,
then, depolymerize the microtubule from the tip(s) after accumulating there. We
develop a quantitative model to study the depolymerizing action of such a
generic motor protein, and its possible effects on the length distribution of
microtubules. We show that, when the motor protein concentration in solution
exceeds a critical value, a steady state is reached where the length
distribution is, in general, non-monotonic with a single peak. However, for
highly processive motors and large motor densities, this distribution
effectively becomes an exponential decay. Our findings suggest that such motor
proteins may be selectively used by the cell to ensure precise control of MT
lengths. The model is also used to analyze experimental observations of
motor-induced depolymerization.
| physics.bio-ph cond-mat.stat-mech q-bio.SC | in many intracellular processes the length distribution of microtubules is controlled by depolymerizing motor proteins experiments have shown that following nonspecific binding to the surface of a microtubule depolymerizers are transported to the microtubule tips by diffusion or directed walk and then depolymerize the microtubule from the tips after accumulating there we develop a quantitative model to study the depolymerizing action of such a generic motor protein and its possible effects on the length distribution of microtubules we show that when the motor protein concentration in solution exceeds a critical value a steady state is reached where the length distribution is in general nonmonotonic with a single peak however for highly processive motors and large motor densities this distribution effectively becomes an exponential decay our findings suggest that such motor proteins may be selectively used by the cell to ensure precise control of mt lengths the model is also used to analyze experimental observations of motorinduced depolymerization | [['in', 'many', 'intracellular', 'processes', 'the', 'length', 'distribution', 'of', 'microtubules', 'is', 'controlled', 'by', 'depolymerizing', 'motor', 'proteins', 'experiments', 'have', 'shown', 'that', 'following', 'nonspecific', 'binding', 'to', 'the', 'surface', 'of', 'a', 'microtubule', 'depolymerizers', 'are', 'transported', 'to', 'the', 'microtubule', 'tips', 'by', 'diffusion', 'or', 'directed', 'walk', 'and', 'then', 'depolymerize', 'the', 'microtubule', 'from', 'the', 'tips', 'after', 'accumulating', 'there', 'we', 'develop', 'a', 'quantitative', 'model', 'to', 'study', 'the', 'depolymerizing', 'action', 'of', 'such', 'a', 'generic', 'motor', 'protein', 'and', 'its', 'possible', 'effects', 'on', 'the', 'length', 'distribution', 'of', 'microtubules', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'when', 'the', 'motor', 'protein', 'concentration', 'in', 'solution', 'exceeds', 'a', 'critical', 'value', 'a', 'steady', 'state', 'is', 'reached', 'where', 'the', 'length', 'distribution', 'is', 'in', 'general', 'nonmonotonic', 'with', 'a', 'single', 'peak', 'however', 'for', 'highly', 'processive', 'motors', 'and', 'large', 'motor', 'densities', 'this', 'distribution', 'effectively', 'becomes', 'an', 'exponential', 'decay', 'our', 'findings', 'suggest', 'that', 'such', 'motor', 'proteins', 'may', 'be', 'selectively', 'used', 'by', 'the', 'cell', 'to', 'ensure', 'precise', 'control', 'of', 'mt', 'lengths', 'the', 'model', 'is', 'also', 'used', 'to', 'analyze', 'experimental', 'observations', 'of', 'motorinduced', 'depolymerization']] | [-0.1133337915831735, 0.2256866231541491, -0.053337609108824, 0.0337213464835002, -0.03403064428895073, -0.1676934420471438, 0.06794677632383238, 0.4123679139973739, -0.29627066630667126, -0.2228185317467134, 0.03510371891659302, -0.25343673018804297, -0.1984614058455918, 0.18765946263178754, -0.04359619983006269, 0.03119240117890653, 0.08165312818481396, 0.058017546084160224, 0.10234847075704377, -0.15069833637113708, 0.20061632375626898, 0.06224501566686787, 0.3027905266126021, 0.092513179966959, 0.145327682284495, -0.031345716886556685, 0.0726691871517314, 0.021162594346186288, -0.18297269007780415, 0.1277149448183198, 0.20937093658777975, 0.07176931029355799, 0.26604238159667987, -0.4922099232745285, -0.23306760707204469, 0.09210965283012065, 0.1857431001990335, 0.15448691881894588, -0.0216095537724845, -0.2463158666789054, 0.09881622829878978, -0.10786050488987269, -0.10345749554481024, -0.0411878180427429, 0.043351208191150084, 0.11359558841743422, -0.24051994863876666, 0.0967458898501205, 0.043888352991929516, 0.0877461857908668, -0.0834499719867614, -0.06751194697109242, -0.056003648574308805, 0.17603060819349664, 0.10340936047783217, 0.06073561847323361, 0.2965271101894382, -0.15772583054301018, -0.09818741964259878, 0.3318814979388546, -0.03605965735802714, -0.21315159365678063, 0.18128093319216695, -0.13278835012207332, -0.12879589690755194, 0.1467236980007818, 0.13694673569765514, 0.09855860146061064, -0.16380904548854092, -0.0311664905087897, -0.025173497256428864, 0.20804183351962516, 0.05888889022678949, -0.06887457476598986, 0.192902355410087, 0.21312508080005407, 0.0725470772382463, 0.13857090195196156, -0.1148109290530929, -0.11907862607152381, -0.23853643325258952, -0.15759356459154963, -0.15749849536671087, 0.06906348280011652, -0.06047330423863082, -0.1424031449959073, 0.36183388952392703, 0.11380684505088422, 0.24971541378181428, 0.10278466960582404, 0.2310700570501817, 0.05893683709272852, 0.094423362504667, 0.018710170858470612, 0.17603868938301906, 0.09526301689598207, 0.07909996317436871, -0.2869034194497941, 0.1653820214500555, 0.02685564196555135] |
709.3676 | Haagerup's Approximation Property and Relative Amenability | A finite von Neumann algebra $\mathcal{M}$ with a faithful normal trace $%
\tau $ has Haagerup's approximation property (relative to a von Neumann
subalgebra $\mathcal{N}$) if there exists a net $(\phi_{\alpha})_{\alpha\in
\Lambda}$ of normal completely positive ($\mathcal{N}$-bimodular) maps from
$\mathcal{M}$ to $\mathcal{M}$ that satisfy the subtracial condition $% \tau
\circ \phi_{\alpha}\leq \tau $, the extension operators $% T_{\phi_{\alpha}}$
are bounded compact operators (in $<\mathcal{M%},e_{\mathcal{N}}>$), and
pointwise approximate the identity in the trace-norm, i.e.,
$\lim_{\alpha}||\phi_{\alpha}(x)-x||_{2}=0$ for all $% x\in \mathcal{M}$. We
prove that the subtraciality condition can be removed, and provide a
description of Haagerup's approximation property in terms of Connes's theory of
correspondences. We show that if $\mathcal{N}\subseteq \mathcal{M}$ is an
amenable inclusion of finite von Neumann algebras and $% \mathcal{N}$ has
Haagerup's approximation property, then $\mathcal{M}$ also has Haagerup's
approximation property. This work answers two questions of Sorin Popa.
| math.OA math.GR | a finite von neumann algebra mathcalm with a faithful normal trace tau has haagerups approximation property relative to a von neumann subalgebra mathcaln if there exists a net phi_alpha_alphain lambda of normal completely positive mathcalnbimodular maps from mathcalm to mathcalm that satisfy the subtracial condition tau circ phi_alphaleq tau the extension operators t_phi_alpha are bounded compact operators in mathcalme_mathcaln and pointwise approximate the identity in the tracenorm ie lim_alphaphi_alphaxx_20 for all xin mathcalm we prove that the subtraciality condition can be removed and provide a description of haagerups approximation property in terms of conness theory of correspondences we show that if mathcalnsubseteq mathcalm is an amenable inclusion of finite von neumann algebras and mathcaln has haagerups approximation property then mathcalm also has haagerups approximation property this work answers two questions of sorin popa | [['a', 'finite', 'von', 'neumann', 'algebra', 'mathcalm', 'with', 'a', 'faithful', 'normal', 'trace', 'tau', 'has', 'haagerups', 'approximation', 'property', 'relative', 'to', 'a', 'von', 'neumann', 'subalgebra', 'mathcaln', 'if', 'there', 'exists', 'a', 'net', 'phi_alpha_alphain', 'lambda', 'of', 'normal', 'completely', 'positive', 'mathcalnbimodular', 'maps', 'from', 'mathcalm', 'to', 'mathcalm', 'that', 'satisfy', 'the', 'subtracial', 'condition', 'tau', 'circ', 'phi_alphaleq', 'tau', 'the', 'extension', 'operators', 't_phi_alpha', 'are', 'bounded', 'compact', 'operators', 'in', 'mathcalme_mathcaln', 'and', 'pointwise', 'approximate', 'the', 'identity', 'in', 'the', 'tracenorm', 'ie', 'lim_alphaphi_alphaxx_20', 'for', 'all', 'xin', 'mathcalm', 'we', 'prove', 'that', 'the', 'subtraciality', 'condition', 'can', 'be', 'removed', 'and', 'provide', 'a', 'description', 'of', 'haagerups', 'approximation', 'property', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'conness', 'theory', 'of', 'correspondences', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'if', 'mathcalnsubseteq', 'mathcalm', 'is', 'an', 'amenable', 'inclusion', 'of', 'finite', 'von', 'neumann', 'algebras', 'and', 'mathcaln', 'has', 'haagerups', 'approximation', 'property', 'then', 'mathcalm', 'also', 'has', 'haagerups', 'approximation', 'property', 'this', 'work', 'answers', 'two', 'questions', 'of', 'sorin', 'popa']] | [-0.12956794181222758, 0.11782459057447399, -0.11953401328590248, 0.05901062055190484, -0.08193593876316183, -0.1918542231132667, -0.023701647783802342, 0.3342357597768217, -0.3569726532385234, -0.10218782037226183, 0.10586074604596492, -0.3041561398610112, -0.09095905539429476, 0.14898845642775058, -0.14338174791003938, 0.03421510516801068, 0.12691337168366917, 0.12266091876611632, -0.18059786402943334, -0.20730822234913976, 0.38247379736088577, -0.06578072855406772, 0.22203177396178006, 0.0727172901989111, 0.13288034648341576, -0.029336187556656377, 0.021107412003461393, 0.0656448009033357, -0.17922033692775585, 0.053332248506429154, 0.2684270926721154, 0.16643568898002886, 0.3104878881225182, -0.3849520721217437, -0.10055773453143868, 0.21385509326993937, 0.11205918589351518, -0.06660413929832078, 0.002094825292231455, -0.27507649519811234, 0.1404488491675546, -0.2299846268067467, -0.1381131802505303, -0.07544468915946181, 0.11440879663061951, -0.07337945007959441, -0.37017825124559983, 0.09038534982955165, 0.19421721212107043, 0.07779762920484157, -0.08378360321700212, -0.05183367724830826, -0.04812693162990223, 0.09656111558058089, -0.06327064708626319, 0.06402661326067191, 0.054809648222045884, -0.02907572975645082, -0.0864368119096804, 0.31189229246228933, -0.08056517467728906, -0.28946826997543534, 0.09927953960328934, -0.20492674671714345, -0.14755884554488735, 0.04464278012634285, -0.009104300110090164, 0.12289121713969976, -0.07380972680966219, 0.2766678927512276, -0.19890205290698026, 0.09182744553583043, 0.09360103444346497, 0.04322103646418621, 0.06418184966089265, 0.037277397464945794, 0.15783337624217833, 0.10780270310069975, 0.08578790015646166, 0.030502541531478206, -0.3852688953122725, -0.18345729210564204, -0.1389357790288951, 0.18161816683958373, -0.08958341857202956, -0.22526880337916796, 0.28973766640129106, 0.07227396124395571, 0.16992274558569695, 0.1327512698893946, 0.20571343157151264, 0.14299185353053373, 0.03556291529938819, 0.10785347761045541, 0.11152135963822084, 0.2831071816504963, -0.023359812480667905, -0.16036847975450538, 0.02673069434991527, 0.23491928934139827] |
709.3677 | Detailed description of accelerating, simple solutions of relativistic
perfect fluid hydrodynamics | In this paper we describe in full details a new family of recently found
exact solutions of relativistic, perfect fluid dynamics. With an ansatz, which
generalizes the well-known Hwa-Bjorken solution, we obtain a wide class of new
exact, explicit and simple solutions, which have a remarkable advantage as
compared to presently known exact and explicit solutions: they do not lack
acceleration. They can be utilized for the description of the evolution of the
matter created in high energy heavy ion collisions. Because these solutions are
accelerating, they provide a more realistic picture than the well-known
Hwa-Bjorken solution, and give more insight into the dynamics of the matter. We
exploit this by giving an advanced simple estimation of the initial energy
density of the produced matter in high energy collisions, which takes
acceleration effects (i.e. the work done by the pressure and the modified
change of the volume elements) into account. We also give an advanced
estimation of the life-time of the reaction. Our new solutions can also be used
to test numerical hydrodynamical codes reliably. In the end, we also give an
exact, 1+1 dimensional, relativistic hydrodynamical solution, where the initial
pressure and velocity profile is arbitrary, and we show that this general
solution is stable for perturbations.
| nucl-th | in this paper we describe in full details a new family of recently found exact solutions of relativistic perfect fluid dynamics with an ansatz which generalizes the wellknown hwabjorken solution we obtain a wide class of new exact explicit and simple solutions which have a remarkable advantage as compared to presently known exact and explicit solutions they do not lack acceleration they can be utilized for the description of the evolution of the matter created in high energy heavy ion collisions because these solutions are accelerating they provide a more realistic picture than the wellknown hwabjorken solution and give more insight into the dynamics of the matter we exploit this by giving an advanced simple estimation of the initial energy density of the produced matter in high energy collisions which takes acceleration effects ie the work done by the pressure and the modified change of the volume elements into account we also give an advanced estimation of the lifetime of the reaction our new solutions can also be used to test numerical hydrodynamical codes reliably in the end we also give an exact 11 dimensional relativistic hydrodynamical solution where the initial pressure and velocity profile is arbitrary and we show that this general solution is stable for perturbations | [['in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'describe', 'in', 'full', 'details', 'a', 'new', 'family', 'of', 'recently', 'found', 'exact', 'solutions', 'of', 'relativistic', 'perfect', 'fluid', 'dynamics', 'with', 'an', 'ansatz', 'which', 'generalizes', 'the', 'wellknown', 'hwabjorken', 'solution', 'we', 'obtain', 'a', 'wide', 'class', 'of', 'new', 'exact', 'explicit', 'and', 'simple', 'solutions', 'which', 'have', 'a', 'remarkable', 'advantage', 'as', 'compared', 'to', 'presently', 'known', 'exact', 'and', 'explicit', 'solutions', 'they', 'do', 'not', 'lack', 'acceleration', 'they', 'can', 'be', 'utilized', 'for', 'the', 'description', 'of', 'the', 'evolution', 'of', 'the', 'matter', 'created', 'in', 'high', 'energy', 'heavy', 'ion', 'collisions', 'because', 'these', 'solutions', 'are', 'accelerating', 'they', 'provide', 'a', 'more', 'realistic', 'picture', 'than', 'the', 'wellknown', 'hwabjorken', 'solution', 'and', 'give', 'more', 'insight', 'into', 'the', 'dynamics', 'of', 'the', 'matter', 'we', 'exploit', 'this', 'by', 'giving', 'an', 'advanced', 'simple', 'estimation', 'of', 'the', 'initial', 'energy', 'density', 'of', 'the', 'produced', 'matter', 'in', 'high', 'energy', 'collisions', 'which', 'takes', 'acceleration', 'effects', 'ie', 'the', 'work', 'done', 'by', 'the', 'pressure', 'and', 'the', 'modified', 'change', 'of', 'the', 'volume', 'elements', 'into', 'account', 'we', 'also', 'give', 'an', 'advanced', 'estimation', 'of', 'the', 'lifetime', 'of', 'the', 'reaction', 'our', 'new', 'solutions', 'can', 'also', 'be', 'used', 'to', 'test', 'numerical', 'hydrodynamical', 'codes', 'reliably', 'in', 'the', 'end', 'we', 'also', 'give', 'an', 'exact', '11', 'dimensional', 'relativistic', 'hydrodynamical', 'solution', 'where', 'the', 'initial', 'pressure', 'and', 'velocity', 'profile', 'is', 'arbitrary', 'and', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'this', 'general', 'solution', 'is', 'stable', 'for', 'perturbations']] | [-0.09624996162892785, 0.08726266725240678, -0.13736919076263104, 0.10159156544082529, -0.06081763097720865, -0.10764805247974717, -0.029150703735537648, 0.3200115062421761, -0.2421716951268116, -0.3189032656149581, 0.0774973296574899, -0.2257939309750397, -0.09936910365649965, 0.1855205800703306, -0.02440118421117614, 0.04292005216792369, 0.07174391333067504, 0.03535450187574987, -0.08661446374529848, -0.22541361019158593, 0.3063064355833026, 0.09662397162173875, 0.24810459642097926, 0.06285582450744606, 0.10742006907373881, -0.030115492085315054, -0.009956567281803403, 0.05430211303666091, -0.1843302718157247, 0.09434551314720571, 0.22203914992881507, 0.11015048524691687, 0.2336507574476015, -0.46894957828156364, -0.2290790609393018, 0.09554282608251714, 0.17145579397373906, 0.19679884240478993, -0.1263775285967243, -0.2562536966154137, 0.07497987761990561, -0.21323574563827535, -0.16581166639046457, -0.11052039973975088, 0.00855876658953583, 0.04321293800251606, -0.2753388137095429, 0.07686651107038554, 0.05166533545175648, -0.008604613446200697, -0.10693314478087884, -0.092277726690764, 0.014127937505411236, 0.0853413341716917, 0.028493873454863206, -0.0002617692089888106, 0.06795141794785965, -0.13193286803838278, -0.05601750560834681, 0.3971590517374772, -0.0492808140757356, -0.20564311449281655, 0.20549016559380107, -0.11713308669277467, -0.10987403029531169, 0.15664853330459805, 0.1815835846450332, 0.13545401465111914, -0.15498333572535417, 0.06797617231327771, -0.030855094949611857, 0.1490757364482271, 0.05860401518181719, 0.0283098474221613, 0.19293359060807583, 0.13778418544993307, 0.04326357915236328, 0.12220786671724244, -0.036427943876350795, -0.10385301132471515, -0.3126088439144391, -0.16922169458568811, -0.13072747484973382, 0.06692516799998535, -0.09995151568462181, -0.16479019845568332, 0.40544087901406994, 0.14962578900555784, 0.18285185153273723, 0.021444785155136533, 0.291672372935304, 0.14223819072671737, 0.017292053849534847, 0.1191757486667484, 0.26904203023206297, 0.09324653957782385, 0.0976602457320461, -0.1994731690009268, 0.03724242367808564, 0.058343229328434415] |
709.3678 | The spectral dimension of random brushes | We consider a class of random graphs, called random brushes, which are
constructed by adding linear graphs of random lengths to the vertices of Z^d
viewed as a graph. We prove that for d=2 all random brushes have spectral
dimension d_s=2. For d=3 we have {5\over 2}\leq d_s\leq 3 and for d\geq 4 we
have 3\leq d_s\leq d.
| cond-mat.stat-mech | we consider a class of random graphs called random brushes which are constructed by adding linear graphs of random lengths to the vertices of zd viewed as a graph we prove that for d2 all random brushes have spectral dimension d_s2 for d3 we have 5over 2leq d_sleq 3 and for dgeq 4 we have 3leq d_sleq d | [['we', 'consider', 'a', 'class', 'of', 'random', 'graphs', 'called', 'random', 'brushes', 'which', 'are', 'constructed', 'by', 'adding', 'linear', 'graphs', 'of', 'random', 'lengths', 'to', 'the', 'vertices', 'of', 'zd', 'viewed', 'as', 'a', 'graph', 'we', 'prove', 'that', 'for', 'd2', 'all', 'random', 'brushes', 'have', 'spectral', 'dimension', 'd_s2', 'for', 'd3', 'we', 'have', '5over', '2leq', 'd_sleq', '3', 'and', 'for', 'dgeq', '4', 'we', 'have', '3leq', 'd_sleq', 'd']] | [-0.15025888810799057, 0.24031203524542175, 0.007289378404883402, 0.012166689156271917, 0.0172602800219985, -0.24550252835199768, -0.032138022793723006, 0.44823256015245405, -0.1679101146458249, -0.19931362845402742, 0.12521887732353726, -0.3144454933104238, -0.15391474084130355, 0.08230348663424333, -0.05176844827032515, 0.05947652373496177, 0.009801855726566697, 0.06721397281424808, 0.022299613142552386, -0.32888207850555773, 0.3023717492303279, -0.1259048199447404, 0.10597343212949843, 0.04240081070124039, 0.10372461421814348, 0.08370818961910638, 0.014452413955171193, 0.115661022220073, -0.2400352692645486, 0.06733027210326067, 0.22982656529971532, 0.09929112366600228, 0.22253933592167283, -0.38380863331674064, -0.2619451782998762, 0.22740303660144232, 0.16209107127672592, 0.10380504816462885, 0.03183283485122956, -0.2051174652629665, 0.20597268929122947, -0.11497687781229615, -0.14349355940274627, -0.04810862510930747, 0.10295112381157066, 0.06286807504615613, -0.33732430214461473, 0.004035039031545499, 0.1437725211560194, 0.09788663551859957, 0.0543807157997175, -0.21242532421768243, -0.02025447436608374, 0.1048679049688092, -0.0885804597492097, 0.056482590028151335, 0.048089309104917835, -0.05164819611569068, -0.1943109543229054, 0.33448484607340234, -0.058115372068381736, -0.22232296913196997, 0.13721348091660598, -0.1265152791415208, -0.241948139109549, 0.08811238847140755, 0.19251313865450875, 0.15300967411271163, -0.07709394084356193, 0.16922467008927405, -0.10124908977221432, 0.10561074435411553, 0.17503273398116498, 0.04038944880760807, 0.05798471130297652, 0.09509125108265185, 0.11086834585876204, 0.22191531164571643, -0.06345437556072804, -0.0007948446769400366, -0.25734725993658814, -0.08071587492512274, -0.24648960490386734, 0.16206614190845617, -0.26558253212273747, -0.17885645705142192, 0.3182689309718886, 0.07892948328974723, 0.2129047393599259, 0.20050807488691394, 0.08909229076068316, 0.053834816114561236, 0.020346932923920185, 0.17148004720054036, 0.09966656705364585, 0.12830234949589275, 0.014648808316061539, -0.08148197150460744, -0.015282080288410984, 0.17958858269932015] |
709.3679 | Constraining the dark energy and smoothness-parameter with supernovae | The presence of inhomogeneities modifies the cosmic distances through the
gravitational lensing effect, and, indirectly, must affect the main
cosmological tests. Assuming that the dark energy is a smooth component, the
simplest way to account for the influence of clustering is to suppose that the
average evolution of the expanding Universe is governed by the total
matter-energy density whereas the focusing of light is only affected by a
fraction of the total matter density quantified by the $\alpha$ Dyer-Roeder
parameter. By using two different samples of SNe type Ia data, the $\Omega_m$
and $\alpha$ parameters are constrained by applying the
Zeldovich-Kantowski-Dyer-Roeder (ZKDR) luminosity distance redshift relation
for a flat ($\Lambda$CDM) model. A $\chi^{2}$-analysis using the 115 SNe Ia
data of Astier {\it et al.} sample (2006) constrains the density parameter to
be $\Omega_m=0.26_{-0.07}^{+0.17}$($2\sigma$) while the $\alpha$ parameter is
weakly limited (all the values $\in [0,1]$ are allowed even at 1$\sigma$).
However, a similar analysis based the 182 SNe Ia data of Riess {\it et al.}
(2007) constrains the pair of parameters to be $\Omega_m= 0.33^{+0.09}_{-0.07}$
and $\alpha\geq 0.42$ ($2\sigma$). Basically, this occurs because the Riess
{\it et al.} sample extends to appreciably higher redshifts. As a general
result, even considering the existence of inhomogeneities as described by the
smoothness $\alpha$ parameter, the Einstein-de Sitter model is ruled out by the
two samples with a high degree of statistical confidence ($11.5\sigma$ and
$9.9\sigma$, respectively). The inhomogeneous Hubble-Sandage diagram discussed
here highlight the necessity of the dark energy, and a transition
deceleration/accelerating phase at $z\sim 0.5$ is also required.
| astro-ph | the presence of inhomogeneities modifies the cosmic distances through the gravitational lensing effect and indirectly must affect the main cosmological tests assuming that the dark energy is a smooth component the simplest way to account for the influence of clustering is to suppose that the average evolution of the expanding universe is governed by the total matterenergy density whereas the focusing of light is only affected by a fraction of the total matter density quantified by the alpha dyerroeder parameter by using two different samples of sne type ia data the omega_m and alpha parameters are constrained by applying the zeldovichkantowskidyerroeder zkdr luminosity distance redshift relation for a flat lambdacdm model a chi2analysis using the 115 sne ia data of astier it et al sample 2006 constrains the density parameter to be omega_m026_0070172sigma while the alpha parameter is weakly limited all the values in 01 are allowed even at 1sigma however a similar analysis based the 182 sne ia data of riess it et al 2007 constrains the pair of parameters to be omega_m 033009_007 and alphageq 042 2sigma basically this occurs because the riess it et al sample extends to appreciably higher redshifts as a general result even considering the existence of inhomogeneities as described by the smoothness alpha parameter the einsteinde sitter model is ruled out by the two samples with a high degree of statistical confidence 115sigma and 99sigma respectively the inhomogeneous hubblesandage diagram discussed here highlight the necessity of the dark energy and a transition decelerationaccelerating phase at zsim 05 is also required | [['the', 'presence', 'of', 'inhomogeneities', 'modifies', 'the', 'cosmic', 'distances', 'through', 'the', 'gravitational', 'lensing', 'effect', 'and', 'indirectly', 'must', 'affect', 'the', 'main', 'cosmological', 'tests', 'assuming', 'that', 'the', 'dark', 'energy', 'is', 'a', 'smooth', 'component', 'the', 'simplest', 'way', 'to', 'account', 'for', 'the', 'influence', 'of', 'clustering', 'is', 'to', 'suppose', 'that', 'the', 'average', 'evolution', 'of', 'the', 'expanding', 'universe', 'is', 'governed', 'by', 'the', 'total', 'matterenergy', 'density', 'whereas', 'the', 'focusing', 'of', 'light', 'is', 'only', 'affected', 'by', 'a', 'fraction', 'of', 'the', 'total', 'matter', 'density', 'quantified', 'by', 'the', 'alpha', 'dyerroeder', 'parameter', 'by', 'using', 'two', 'different', 'samples', 'of', 'sne', 'type', 'ia', 'data', 'the', 'omega_m', 'and', 'alpha', 'parameters', 'are', 'constrained', 'by', 'applying', 'the', 'zeldovichkantowskidyerroeder', 'zkdr', 'luminosity', 'distance', 'redshift', 'relation', 'for', 'a', 'flat', 'lambdacdm', 'model', 'a', 'chi2analysis', 'using', 'the', '115', 'sne', 'ia', 'data', 'of', 'astier', 'it', 'et', 'al', 'sample', '2006', 'constrains', 'the', 'density', 'parameter', 'to', 'be', 'omega_m026_0070172sigma', 'while', 'the', 'alpha', 'parameter', 'is', 'weakly', 'limited', 'all', 'the', 'values', 'in', '01', 'are', 'allowed', 'even', 'at', '1sigma', 'however', 'a', 'similar', 'analysis', 'based', 'the', '182', 'sne', 'ia', 'data', 'of', 'riess', 'it', 'et', 'al', '2007', 'constrains', 'the', 'pair', 'of', 'parameters', 'to', 'be', 'omega_m', '033009_007', 'and', 'alphageq', '042', '2sigma', 'basically', 'this', 'occurs', 'because', 'the', 'riess', 'it', 'et', 'al', 'sample', 'extends', 'to', 'appreciably', 'higher', 'redshifts', 'as', 'a', 'general', 'result', 'even', 'considering', 'the', 'existence', 'of', 'inhomogeneities', 'as', 'described', 'by', 'the', 'smoothness', 'alpha', 'parameter', 'the', 'einsteinde', 'sitter', 'model', 'is', 'ruled', 'out', 'by', 'the', 'two', 'samples', 'with', 'a', 'high', 'degree', 'of', 'statistical', 'confidence', '115sigma', 'and', '99sigma', 'respectively', 'the', 'inhomogeneous', 'hubblesandage', 'diagram', 'discussed', 'here', 'highlight', 'the', 'necessity', 'of', 'the', 'dark', 'energy', 'and', 'a', 'transition', 'decelerationaccelerating', 'phase', 'at', 'zsim', '05', 'is', 'also', 'required']] | [-0.09213060315966048, 0.14124041379110402, -0.0656731459770469, 0.08590938529920009, -0.09399491229633558, -0.1011606416826349, 0.06954496693394081, 0.3111047070788762, -0.2046654515456973, -0.36192875913313155, 0.0458506621634881, -0.28932106911248756, -0.03305798119635163, 0.17730909576969528, -0.00415617717415329, -0.00036262369692448423, 0.017334205641110583, -0.05637894023767137, -0.06507452419865281, -0.30034664015498336, 0.33074455909379646, 0.12468403275674722, 0.25915305468063127, -0.03029014070254318, 0.08270399460310528, -0.041179191317467945, -0.07505165098196512, 0.04436546957897624, -0.2003473466389751, 0.01858367228799859, 0.18408109515164722, 0.11700161354062624, 0.23059784704782654, -0.3112288500091467, -0.2547506904559518, 0.15164019202714507, 0.13683765225009772, 0.08377799062741467, -0.013089096955093372, -0.297118320342476, 0.05849508224898495, -0.15236946730651044, -0.1396101820282638, 0.034813077214694635, 0.03388845937887544, 0.027723340286669784, -0.2605489460205087, 0.21124197841210815, 0.02163850853639457, -0.0021037967393438763, -0.05869902912288992, -0.10625236113619896, -0.08206657488009064, 0.017860743827663186, 0.029304967337933287, 0.061343785991349556, 0.11910705836618128, -0.1176121969171983, -0.0004029587350279738, 0.39281768018130475, -0.07110483231188869, -0.11259820661599212, 0.1271630078205824, -0.14854122410660361, -0.12358297952120816, 0.11431159153965662, 0.0980338111551209, 0.07485762577848583, -0.14592504102047385, 0.13803261427159397, 0.017316966727797645, 0.2148829124378422, 0.06273172899538021, 0.0018713495148232162, 0.22621227995910514, 0.1301226791449984, 0.02220495183050163, 0.03638862853999961, -0.13432683419403216, -0.026234333524177967, -0.30481717127602637, -0.0968640113423328, -0.191818814213648, 0.059427951637189835, -0.16819216774250187, -0.1082572804234086, 0.34487856418906354, 0.10887970910114272, 0.24499256403999417, 0.037622751949050674, 0.26580317282689897, 0.09589878938025172, 0.020452349941708206, 0.08303349776886491, 0.3405256142113798, 0.13828379141100808, 0.05890465959472083, -0.2110757250668789, 0.09213191755005987, 0.0076891386906220395] |
709.368 | Inequalities that Collectively Completely Characterize the Catalytic
Majorization Relation | For probability vectors x and y, the catalytic majorization relation x prec_T
y is defined to hold when there exists a probability vector z such that x
otimes z is majorized by y otimes z. In this paper, an infinite family of
functions is given such that, subject to some trivial restrictions, x prec_T y
if and only if f_r(x) < f_r(y) for all functions f_r in the family. An outline
of a proof of this result is provided. The catalytic majorization relation is
known to provide a determination of which transformations of jointly held pure
quantum states are possible using local operations and classical communication
when an additional jointly held state may be specified to facilitate the
transformation without being consumed.
| quant-ph | for probability vectors x and y the catalytic majorization relation x prec_t y is defined to hold when there exists a probability vector z such that x otimes z is majorized by y otimes z in this paper an infinite family of functions is given such that subject to some trivial restrictions x prec_t y if and only if f_rx f_ry for all functions f_r in the family an outline of a proof of this result is provided the catalytic majorization relation is known to provide a determination of which transformations of jointly held pure quantum states are possible using local operations and classical communication when an additional jointly held state may be specified to facilitate the transformation without being consumed | [['for', 'probability', 'vectors', 'x', 'and', 'y', 'the', 'catalytic', 'majorization', 'relation', 'x', 'prec_t', 'y', 'is', 'defined', 'to', 'hold', 'when', 'there', 'exists', 'a', 'probability', 'vector', 'z', 'such', 'that', 'x', 'otimes', 'z', 'is', 'majorized', 'by', 'y', 'otimes', 'z', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'an', 'infinite', 'family', 'of', 'functions', 'is', 'given', 'such', 'that', 'subject', 'to', 'some', 'trivial', 'restrictions', 'x', 'prec_t', 'y', 'if', 'and', 'only', 'if', 'f_rx', 'f_ry', 'for', 'all', 'functions', 'f_r', 'in', 'the', 'family', 'an', 'outline', 'of', 'a', 'proof', 'of', 'this', 'result', 'is', 'provided', 'the', 'catalytic', 'majorization', 'relation', 'is', 'known', 'to', 'provide', 'a', 'determination', 'of', 'which', 'transformations', 'of', 'jointly', 'held', 'pure', 'quantum', 'states', 'are', 'possible', 'using', 'local', 'operations', 'and', 'classical', 'communication', 'when', 'an', 'additional', 'jointly', 'held', 'state', 'may', 'be', 'specified', 'to', 'facilitate', 'the', 'transformation', 'without', 'being', 'consumed']] | [-0.14888939633176235, 0.15591614234783605, -0.05073278664090371, 0.025802040240782614, -0.03363182362153242, -0.19458333058016358, 0.0741957036878961, 0.3915061959838968, -0.3361347340347277, -0.20612932805769082, 0.05597027934499685, -0.26282588020756337, -0.09946336707700107, 0.16469029229258506, -0.09016158743524703, 0.02467832981581184, -0.01984738199419137, 0.07873308204999391, -0.10830756871599972, -0.30288278311688327, 0.31183863116301974, -0.02723581568925973, 0.24267422707782962, 0.01073494387822131, 0.14705608986412821, 0.04684733084434549, 0.005085506329956165, -0.032803185773476705, -0.12216271339361734, 0.09473046884325459, 0.2904051738708296, 0.17559297995689183, 0.24008929750771593, -0.3444911950125785, -0.1551897325355686, 0.19005566931791382, 0.0989727289179119, 0.00012219244499801326, -0.05682176976046383, -0.2648628638204882, 0.10277652081449405, -0.14653903772754562, -0.10602551306029624, -0.06592432548434048, 0.08483805451778915, 0.02981937290721778, -0.3307629621319346, 0.01842715569694257, 0.11855600882218993, 0.05018367676727348, -0.007866076095092852, -0.1238903289668704, -0.1043287522427864, 0.09888229698931278, 0.024286323493362356, 0.1647088532612296, 0.092952824959342, -0.08132270383806425, -0.0867646003726049, 0.36125601204881697, -0.023615450326006038, -0.25180888754686626, 0.14420421358239363, -0.13909803715463476, -0.17716136991077938, 0.08012245643205183, 0.09610037972077222, 0.10181549804727152, -0.12822474309335014, 0.16223636721665338, -0.07588451157197736, 0.17422639559441389, 0.04762586501774268, 0.05523132450752339, 0.1536470787714125, 0.07948451823065594, 0.11110268240021068, 0.08615127219562024, 0.005791577715742386, -0.022688107241450223, -0.36679882123687507, -0.20074741927496456, -0.18749045969630293, 0.13607122171354497, -0.05068737775902757, -0.1261868180107262, 0.29843703424558043, 0.06275147087605654, 0.22130762669652448, 0.038922546621830346, 0.19609703194109282, 0.12914117475008688, -0.0015201178237290705, 0.0777261851600103, 0.1542879371557057, 0.16129284785168593, -0.008564900413502828, -0.10732656736242568, 0.09711262011127073, 0.09833424855655028] |
709.3681 | Improved transfer matrix method without numerical instability | A new improved transfer matrix method (TMM) is presented. It is shown that
the method not only overcomes the numerical instability found in the original
TMM, but also greatly improves the scalability of computation. The new improved
TMM has no extra cost of computing time as the length of homogeneous scattering
region becomes large. The comparison between the scattering matrix method(SMM)
and our new TMM is given. It clearly shows that our new method is much faster
than SMM.
| cond-mat.mes-hall | a new improved transfer matrix method tmm is presented it is shown that the method not only overcomes the numerical instability found in the original tmm but also greatly improves the scalability of computation the new improved tmm has no extra cost of computing time as the length of homogeneous scattering region becomes large the comparison between the scattering matrix methodsmm and our new tmm is given it clearly shows that our new method is much faster than smm | [['a', 'new', 'improved', 'transfer', 'matrix', 'method', 'tmm', 'is', 'presented', 'it', 'is', 'shown', 'that', 'the', 'method', 'not', 'only', 'overcomes', 'the', 'numerical', 'instability', 'found', 'in', 'the', 'original', 'tmm', 'but', 'also', 'greatly', 'improves', 'the', 'scalability', 'of', 'computation', 'the', 'new', 'improved', 'tmm', 'has', 'no', 'extra', 'cost', 'of', 'computing', 'time', 'as', 'the', 'length', 'of', 'homogeneous', 'scattering', 'region', 'becomes', 'large', 'the', 'comparison', 'between', 'the', 'scattering', 'matrix', 'methodsmm', 'and', 'our', 'new', 'tmm', 'is', 'given', 'it', 'clearly', 'shows', 'that', 'our', 'new', 'method', 'is', 'much', 'faster', 'than', 'smm']] | [-0.10097787132671772, 0.04286928340279234, -0.09931199936172327, 0.0684679849132991, -0.061175163787526965, -0.14071436469347623, 0.02045612705226701, 0.36970548561583155, -0.24261557014706808, -0.2972250524908304, 0.07640838664090739, -0.25023782236549336, -0.18355611303092864, 0.2598209513399081, -0.02098856806361045, 0.05311857285545184, 0.12598798886681786, -0.0096860535395069, -0.09792623388691424, -0.25875655435121214, 0.2637630736691137, 0.12337625206698878, 0.3536561027718469, 0.11158185033426167, 0.07954316621479125, 0.0036269337250791392, -0.062140582009958915, 0.028450373631830398, -0.024627332558641985, 0.14057384603895628, 0.16832247757329008, 0.1316738714559529, 0.23409790213769063, -0.3620676703225726, -0.2382651091648791, 0.051016070581494995, 0.20221649538964415, 0.14409317103668284, -0.06219252686087902, -0.24629290711779434, 0.1073658564262307, -0.18823405970126772, -0.12033176968972652, -0.1140709093097263, 0.008203304121987177, -0.052043275812115423, -0.2855425513504694, 0.07773934105949966, 0.051348078064620495, -0.02495674091653946, -0.0017457838522461362, -0.1817257881928713, 0.015782589027180504, 0.08516091688607748, 0.03920892285756194, 0.061175472049329147, 0.09219395653464091, -0.09444398141633241, -0.054594128825462974, 0.3431476367971836, -0.04188312460964647, -0.20451858677925208, 0.20642065226983947, -0.12805931870109186, -0.08688848606573465, 0.20163620909293875, 0.09116430815237646, 0.12354428525297688, -0.13330308210630065, 0.0703525996389381, -0.056093127108537234, 0.22803353384817734, 0.016802169310931977, -0.00710236758310109, 0.057689862803388864, 0.2420279603855959, 0.09119485591490491, 0.15313518711198598, -0.0586641517539437, -0.11311038940524061, -0.25333428617495185, -0.18339613628072235, -0.2599519533970847, -0.018320131894515958, -0.13016230952668523, -0.1451695505540836, 0.3670543833301427, 0.2093475028120268, 0.15727927652784648, 0.06377802003557101, 0.3700473816014635, 0.16217685269508272, 0.14856795853418775, 0.11618999664026958, 0.26196822526458746, 0.10417002022941, 0.12418399606711972, -0.2789650929745478, 0.09493782510383962, 0.042534605313379034] |
709.3682 | The Vcirc-sigma0 Relation of Galaxies | Courteau et al. (2007a) reported on the dependence of the ratio of a galaxy's
maximum circular velocity, Vcirc, to its central velocity dispersion, sigma0,
on morphology, or equivalently total light concentration. This Vcirc-sigma0
concentration relation, which involves details about the local and global
galaxy physics, poses a fundamental challenge for galaxy structure models.
Furthermore, not only must these models reproduce the Vcirc-sigma0 relation and
its various dependences, they must simultaneously match other fundamental
scaling relations such as the velocity-size-luminosity and color-luminosity
relations of galaxies. We focus here on the interpretation of parameters that
enter the Vcirc-sigma0 relation to enable proper data-model comparisons and
follow-up studies by galaxy modelers and observers.
| astro-ph | courteau et al 2007a reported on the dependence of the ratio of a galaxys maximum circular velocity vcirc to its central velocity dispersion sigma0 on morphology or equivalently total light concentration this vcircsigma0 concentration relation which involves details about the local and global galaxy physics poses a fundamental challenge for galaxy structure models furthermore not only must these models reproduce the vcircsigma0 relation and its various dependences they must simultaneously match other fundamental scaling relations such as the velocitysizeluminosity and colorluminosity relations of galaxies we focus here on the interpretation of parameters that enter the vcircsigma0 relation to enable proper datamodel comparisons and followup studies by galaxy modelers and observers | [['courteau', 'et', 'al', '2007a', 'reported', 'on', 'the', 'dependence', 'of', 'the', 'ratio', 'of', 'a', 'galaxys', 'maximum', 'circular', 'velocity', 'vcirc', 'to', 'its', 'central', 'velocity', 'dispersion', 'sigma0', 'on', 'morphology', 'or', 'equivalently', 'total', 'light', 'concentration', 'this', 'vcircsigma0', 'concentration', 'relation', 'which', 'involves', 'details', 'about', 'the', 'local', 'and', 'global', 'galaxy', 'physics', 'poses', 'a', 'fundamental', 'challenge', 'for', 'galaxy', 'structure', 'models', 'furthermore', 'not', 'only', 'must', 'these', 'models', 'reproduce', 'the', 'vcircsigma0', 'relation', 'and', 'its', 'various', 'dependences', 'they', 'must', 'simultaneously', 'match', 'other', 'fundamental', 'scaling', 'relations', 'such', 'as', 'the', 'velocitysizeluminosity', 'and', 'colorluminosity', 'relations', 'of', 'galaxies', 'we', 'focus', 'here', 'on', 'the', 'interpretation', 'of', 'parameters', 'that', 'enter', 'the', 'vcircsigma0', 'relation', 'to', 'enable', 'proper', 'datamodel', 'comparisons', 'and', 'followup', 'studies', 'by', 'galaxy', 'modelers', 'and', 'observers']] | [-0.07186572923738924, 0.07580030811260696, -0.11058816212850313, 0.09632135691882232, -0.15576644395305603, -0.0900787594054472, 0.06412578246521729, 0.38518263965293215, -0.2100656131817097, -0.3790974689526828, 0.047222763976875554, -0.2840175894951379, -0.09462447194750388, 0.20451215111124502, -0.031280441627906705, 0.05016326968001926, 0.024040265207144397, -0.030548525047143577, -0.06697202950319345, -0.22538417203274244, 0.2794070474531812, 0.07260696623577839, 0.2686972400018324, 0.01907263178253305, 0.09215906936744298, 0.0057778275847710945, -0.0848893642347927, 0.022986736064854928, -0.2079431654013509, 0.07829218466455738, 0.17828457375873297, 0.140075737494044, 0.21401948340590699, -0.3731311021881454, -0.20848130252798674, 0.07065167185781454, 0.17353163812744984, 0.03800997794584233, -0.037026089768106535, -0.2398931308546, 0.02804986931625064, -0.1407580392918101, -0.14970257508253712, -0.00801650295034051, 0.07745297876977862, 0.060595479513275916, -0.1805049894594251, 0.16576231623723828, 0.056629577983619166, 0.07536450553581947, -0.07922692638951251, -0.09816377671867721, -0.07515393337342646, 0.14686822853076997, 0.021430586629624788, 0.010254377831222006, 0.16297698270150082, -0.15650277083989717, -0.03474144687600158, 0.40675694648935284, -0.012131837282881693, -0.12800319123952822, 0.21913623726167888, -0.17479915831117304, -0.16801021241203504, -0.01094713898554026, 0.16656948366047195, 0.05456250583665678, -0.14124532669181158, 0.04701549560208891, -0.050490517962585996, 0.2194428170817749, 0.04927494883951214, 0.03735771397798628, 0.27790123545047307, 0.05847263565131774, 0.024850601162244048, 0.006408576031659592, -0.11034333573803047, -0.043457536324880225, -0.27418281944227163, -0.10389124436510934, -0.11377845801676072, 0.027374126467798812, -0.13434904261373082, -0.1033339044515742, 0.3392880203857742, 0.12313516638931576, 0.25244782973701757, 0.06714502216803979, 0.26819686512290325, 0.09806218093015356, 0.09068545621078185, 0.0657165984502407, 0.2930218848330831, 0.18933485106228748, 0.06476507631251244, -0.272631821749706, 0.12490584563325953, 0.023740959207147912] |
709.3683 | Comparative study of nonlinear properties of EEG signals of a normal
person and an epileptic patient | Background: Investigation of the functioning of the brain in living systems
has been a major effort amongst scientists and medical practitioners. Amongst
the various disorder of the brain, epilepsy has drawn the most attention
because this disorder can affect the quality of life of a person. In this paper
we have reinvestigated the EEGs for normal and epileptic patients using
surrogate analysis, probability distribution function and Hurst exponent.
Results: Using random shuffled surrogate analysis, we have obtained some of
the nonlinear features that was obtained by Andrzejak \textit{et al.} [Phys Rev
E 2001, 64:061907], for the epileptic patients during seizure. Probability
distribution function shows that the activity of an epileptic brain is
nongaussian in nature. Hurst exponent has been shown to be useful to
characterize a normal and an epileptic brain and it shows that the epileptic
brain is long term anticorrelated whereas, the normal brain is more or less
stochastic. Among all the techniques, used here, Hurst exponent is found very
useful for characterization different cases.
Conclusions: In this article, differences in characteristics for normal
subjects with eyes open and closed, epileptic subjects during seizure and
seizure free intervals have been shown mainly using Hurst exponent. The H shows
that the brain activity of a normal man is uncorrelated in nature whereas,
epileptic brain activity shows long range anticorrelation.
| physics.med-ph physics.data-an | background investigation of the functioning of the brain in living systems has been a major effort amongst scientists and medical practitioners amongst the various disorder of the brain epilepsy has drawn the most attention because this disorder can affect the quality of life of a person in this paper we have reinvestigated the eegs for normal and epileptic patients using surrogate analysis probability distribution function and hurst exponent results using random shuffled surrogate analysis we have obtained some of the nonlinear features that was obtained by andrzejak textitet al phys rev e 2001 64061907 for the epileptic patients during seizure probability distribution function shows that the activity of an epileptic brain is nongaussian in nature hurst exponent has been shown to be useful to characterize a normal and an epileptic brain and it shows that the epileptic brain is long term anticorrelated whereas the normal brain is more or less stochastic among all the techniques used here hurst exponent is found very useful for characterization different cases conclusions in this article differences in characteristics for normal subjects with eyes open and closed epileptic subjects during seizure and seizure free intervals have been shown mainly using hurst exponent the h shows that the brain activity of a normal man is uncorrelated in nature whereas epileptic brain activity shows long range anticorrelation | [['background', 'investigation', 'of', 'the', 'functioning', 'of', 'the', 'brain', 'in', 'living', 'systems', 'has', 'been', 'a', 'major', 'effort', 'amongst', 'scientists', 'and', 'medical', 'practitioners', 'amongst', 'the', 'various', 'disorder', 'of', 'the', 'brain', 'epilepsy', 'has', 'drawn', 'the', 'most', 'attention', 'because', 'this', 'disorder', 'can', 'affect', 'the', 'quality', 'of', 'life', 'of', 'a', 'person', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'have', 'reinvestigated', 'the', 'eegs', 'for', 'normal', 'and', 'epileptic', 'patients', 'using', 'surrogate', 'analysis', 'probability', 'distribution', 'function', 'and', 'hurst', 'exponent', 'results', 'using', 'random', 'shuffled', 'surrogate', 'analysis', 'we', 'have', 'obtained', 'some', 'of', 'the', 'nonlinear', 'features', 'that', 'was', 'obtained', 'by', 'andrzejak', 'textitet', 'al', 'phys', 'rev', 'e', '2001', '64061907', 'for', 'the', 'epileptic', 'patients', 'during', 'seizure', 'probability', 'distribution', 'function', 'shows', 'that', 'the', 'activity', 'of', 'an', 'epileptic', 'brain', 'is', 'nongaussian', 'in', 'nature', 'hurst', 'exponent', 'has', 'been', 'shown', 'to', 'be', 'useful', 'to', 'characterize', 'a', 'normal', 'and', 'an', 'epileptic', 'brain', 'and', 'it', 'shows', 'that', 'the', 'epileptic', 'brain', 'is', 'long', 'term', 'anticorrelated', 'whereas', 'the', 'normal', 'brain', 'is', 'more', 'or', 'less', 'stochastic', 'among', 'all', 'the', 'techniques', 'used', 'here', 'hurst', 'exponent', 'is', 'found', 'very', 'useful', 'for', 'characterization', 'different', 'cases', 'conclusions', 'in', 'this', 'article', 'differences', 'in', 'characteristics', 'for', 'normal', 'subjects', 'with', 'eyes', 'open', 'and', 'closed', 'epileptic', 'subjects', 'during', 'seizure', 'and', 'seizure', 'free', 'intervals', 'have', 'been', 'shown', 'mainly', 'using', 'hurst', 'exponent', 'the', 'h', 'shows', 'that', 'the', 'brain', 'activity', 'of', 'a', 'normal', 'man', 'is', 'uncorrelated', 'in', 'nature', 'whereas', 'epileptic', 'brain', 'activity', 'shows', 'long', 'range', 'anticorrelation']] | [-0.05762681381460792, 0.11619631006553825, -0.10292609152063693, 0.08302527917933505, -0.06169421928416758, -0.14543001743785422, 0.019315397739089992, 0.4132936258561089, -0.16893853048565413, -0.2593585355805421, 0.06738560682765012, -0.2986044052287663, -0.27763795359978677, 0.23641105568775514, -0.14770660097198135, 0.06433047284852765, 0.0759776915175789, 0.06742254108641245, 0.02636893984056377, -0.24235308994410917, 0.21971552025680557, 0.038269642602178106, 0.3391447864331886, -0.006550999286738353, 0.037070764230303636, -0.026249509688184826, -0.05727114566225866, 0.005687379032119971, -0.11029896320448868, 0.07574965080049811, 0.32833480575322727, 0.14001090154201304, 0.3637570234254823, -0.40494115528898367, -0.28966100173553777, 0.13657482323416192, 0.1509888157526986, 0.028935963608358706, 0.009857976034488165, -0.35778473435960917, 0.10433690617001966, -0.13165630151009305, -0.07103939824887133, -0.04514768169317053, 0.10991953261155694, -0.009536676435120437, -0.26956394336980966, 0.17018904284693712, 0.030584401788014852, 0.16619503164424673, -0.06478438657225716, -0.07427439738252978, -0.005093275841193086, 0.18735273456555543, 0.10587044155284968, 0.05562000517485612, 0.1677156162047449, -0.1317505063019146, -0.12444154051380284, 0.2654319594023053, 0.03541673956985731, -0.1471715014376635, 0.19840921039656745, -0.1797367957796594, -0.1513506900177363, 0.1252626244965599, 0.17133999758810148, 0.04815696603661283, -0.2132567459965176, 0.021615193924202303, 0.021020243466760187, 0.18740943551368994, 0.0757647197855927, -0.02842450829184349, 0.13309622375126887, 0.2000391762276445, -0.03377125136086444, 0.13209359869499768, -0.14509788024508385, -0.04897403988881473, -0.21274561798968994, -0.1491770711321589, -0.18644991399209793, 0.06251536228975982, -0.07952905440904091, -0.1760691710448196, 0.46800853162064054, 0.12304803413347504, 0.14257468740293466, 0.033592682616964596, 0.18948183359616702, 0.0758120617295248, 0.02954616994007465, 0.06747667230409357, 0.20006503058726144, 0.10276725123435634, 0.11535365245979998, -0.20951985975528786, 0.1929118081418917, -0.014313912824428546] |
709.3684 | Hawking Radiation of Black p-Branes from Gravitational Anomaly | We investigate the Hawking radiation of black $p$-branes of superstring
theories using the method of anomaly cancelation, specially, we use the method
of [S. Iso, H. Umetsu and F. Wilczek, {\sl Phys. Rev. Lett.} {\bf 96}, 151302
(2006); {\sl Phys. Rev. D} {\bf 74}, 044017 (2006)]. The metrics of black
$p$-branes are spherically symmetric, but not the Schwarzschild type. In order
to simplify the calculation, we first make a coordinate transformation to
transform the metric to the Schwarzschild type. Then we calculate its
energy-momentum flux from the method of anomaly cancelation of the above
mentioned references. The obtained energy-momentum flux is equal to a black
body radiation, the thermodynamic temperature of the radiation is equal to its
Hawking temperature. And we find that the results are not changed for the
original non-Schwarzschild type spherically symmetric metric.
| hep-th | we investigate the hawking radiation of black pbranes of superstring theories using the method of anomaly cancelation specially we use the method of s iso h umetsu and f wilczek sl phys rev lett bf 96 151302 2006 sl phys rev d bf 74 044017 2006 the metrics of black pbranes are spherically symmetric but not the schwarzschild type in order to simplify the calculation we first make a coordinate transformation to transform the metric to the schwarzschild type then we calculate its energymomentum flux from the method of anomaly cancelation of the above mentioned references the obtained energymomentum flux is equal to a black body radiation the thermodynamic temperature of the radiation is equal to its hawking temperature and we find that the results are not changed for the original nonschwarzschild type spherically symmetric metric | [['we', 'investigate', 'the', 'hawking', 'radiation', 'of', 'black', 'pbranes', 'of', 'superstring', 'theories', 'using', 'the', 'method', 'of', 'anomaly', 'cancelation', 'specially', 'we', 'use', 'the', 'method', 'of', 's', 'iso', 'h', 'umetsu', 'and', 'f', 'wilczek', 'sl', 'phys', 'rev', 'lett', 'bf', '96', '151302', '2006', 'sl', 'phys', 'rev', 'd', 'bf', '74', '044017', '2006', 'the', 'metrics', 'of', 'black', 'pbranes', 'are', 'spherically', 'symmetric', 'but', 'not', 'the', 'schwarzschild', 'type', 'in', 'order', 'to', 'simplify', 'the', 'calculation', 'we', 'first', 'make', 'a', 'coordinate', 'transformation', 'to', 'transform', 'the', 'metric', 'to', 'the', 'schwarzschild', 'type', 'then', 'we', 'calculate', 'its', 'energymomentum', 'flux', 'from', 'the', 'method', 'of', 'anomaly', 'cancelation', 'of', 'the', 'above', 'mentioned', 'references', 'the', 'obtained', 'energymomentum', 'flux', 'is', 'equal', 'to', 'a', 'black', 'body', 'radiation', 'the', 'thermodynamic', 'temperature', 'of', 'the', 'radiation', 'is', 'equal', 'to', 'its', 'hawking', 'temperature', 'and', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'the', 'results', 'are', 'not', 'changed', 'for', 'the', 'original', 'nonschwarzschild', 'type', 'spherically', 'symmetric', 'metric']] | [-0.11827209579620372, 0.07172547391167393, -0.04592921439885955, 0.024134886720114285, -0.11310915044612355, -0.11547370868286601, 0.03385663802080132, 0.3188991211216759, -0.12137269254200402, -0.28978198966080393, 0.0014866125968250412, -0.3139573774472983, -0.13553435362323565, 0.13855426013469696, -0.09546797599091573, 0.0070395803027268914, -0.0513076636388346, 0.03753461153418929, -0.14069885492704257, -0.2707583611693095, 0.2897809370248406, 0.11456091867639097, 0.28563432206779166, 0.047775727241403526, 0.08107222371079303, 0.0008142861623868899, -0.05049898220157182, 0.023186838437147715, -0.18415539029115785, 0.02255498055127208, 0.16251617624010478, 0.14358727121380743, 0.1323269827015422, -0.35948053799845553, -0.22069562848795343, 0.11979955124013401, 0.05213971991540381, 0.14859276805073024, 0.03119507160865598, -0.32538933730511754, 0.07572467758285778, -0.2344835717851917, -0.1413149910737519, -0.06377036447326342, 0.118182555237716, -0.05623963395202601, -0.23701836219126426, 0.1416215411060505, 0.07598084203760933, -0.03008637623516498, -0.10235954706591588, -0.06432894735286633, -0.05369706282357651, 0.007210806808951828, 0.08335494571192949, 0.08376156199654496, 0.15774263456739762, -0.034092781590556516, -0.09858755208724351, 0.3612217752193963, -0.06756958245144536, -0.18388957933143332, 0.15859428966693856, -0.1705743484199047, -0.0806377036186556, 0.12673338543778906, 0.11471049283907093, 0.21233652668177252, -0.1826205421032177, 0.17378892968494997, -0.0295437465628816, 0.11918016416020691, 0.15722671774802385, 0.001584173932119652, 0.22663413553705647, 0.0063876250426767875, -0.04461493127530924, 0.1435256222418199, -0.09231414776640358, -0.05751097697971596, -0.37541380480483727, -0.18020045085016775, -0.1930419916657869, 0.13641806076543786, -0.0692596380613934, -0.179923583753407, 0.34920810726643714, 0.14872702391197284, 0.14461044296147993, 0.011222631442877981, 0.19966336352992112, 0.09345841047664484, 0.003844278167364084, 0.17933674013863007, 0.31264006300932834, 0.19245435625521673, 0.16126412574063848, -0.2534826571139059, -0.11147550290657414, 0.1542970650932855] |
709.3685 | The Spin Density Matrix II: Application to a system of two quantum dots | This work is a sequel to our work "The Spin Density Matrix I: General Theory
and Exact Master Equations" (eprint arXiv:0708.0644 [cond-mat]). Here we
compare pure- and pseudo-spin dynamics using as an example a system of two
quantum dots, a pair of localized conduction-band electrons in an n-doped GaAs
semiconductor. Pure-spin dynamics is obtained by tracing out the orbital
degrees of freedom, whereas pseudo-spin dynamics retains (as is conventional)
an implicit coordinate dependence. We show that magnetic field inhomogeneity
and spin-orbit interaction result in a non-unitary evolution in pure-spin
dynamics, whereas these interactions contribute to the effective pseudo-spin
Hamiltonian via terms that are asymmetric in spin permutations, in particular,
the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) spin-orbit interaction. We numerically
investigate the non-unitary effects in the dynamics of the triplet states
population, purity, and Lamb energy shift, as a function of interdot distance
and magnetic field difference. The spin-orbit interaction is found to produce
effects of roughly four orders of magnitude smaller than those due to magnetic
field difference in the pure-spin model. We estimate the spin-orbit interaction
magnitude in the DM-interaction term. Our estimate gives a smaller value than
that recently obtained by Kavokin [Phys. Rev. B 64, 075305 (2001)], who did not
include double occupancy effects. We show that a necessary and sufficient
condition for obtaining a universal set of quantum logic gates, involving only
two spins, in both pure- and pseudo-spin models is that the magnetic field
inhomogeneity and the Heisenberg interaction are both non-vanishing. We also
briefly analyze pure-spin dynamics in the electron on liquid helium system
recently proposed by Lyon [Phys. Rev. A 74, 052338 (2006)].
| cond-mat.str-el quant-ph | this work is a sequel to our work the spin density matrix i general theory and exact master equations eprint arxiv07080644 condmat here we compare pure and pseudospin dynamics using as an example a system of two quantum dots a pair of localized conductionband electrons in an ndoped gaas semiconductor purespin dynamics is obtained by tracing out the orbital degrees of freedom whereas pseudospin dynamics retains as is conventional an implicit coordinate dependence we show that magnetic field inhomogeneity and spinorbit interaction result in a nonunitary evolution in purespin dynamics whereas these interactions contribute to the effective pseudospin hamiltonian via terms that are asymmetric in spin permutations in particular the dzyaloshinskiimoriya dm spinorbit interaction we numerically investigate the nonunitary effects in the dynamics of the triplet states population purity and lamb energy shift as a function of interdot distance and magnetic field difference the spinorbit interaction is found to produce effects of roughly four orders of magnitude smaller than those due to magnetic field difference in the purespin model we estimate the spinorbit interaction magnitude in the dminteraction term our estimate gives a smaller value than that recently obtained by kavokin phys rev b 64 075305 2001 who did not include double occupancy effects we show that a necessary and sufficient condition for obtaining a universal set of quantum logic gates involving only two spins in both pure and pseudospin models is that the magnetic field inhomogeneity and the heisenberg interaction are both nonvanishing we also briefly analyze purespin dynamics in the electron on liquid helium system recently proposed by lyon phys rev a 74 052338 2006 | [['this', 'work', 'is', 'a', 'sequel', 'to', 'our', 'work', 'the', 'spin', 'density', 'matrix', 'i', 'general', 'theory', 'and', 'exact', 'master', 'equations', 'eprint', 'arxiv07080644', 'condmat', 'here', 'we', 'compare', 'pure', 'and', 'pseudospin', 'dynamics', 'using', 'as', 'an', 'example', 'a', 'system', 'of', 'two', 'quantum', 'dots', 'a', 'pair', 'of', 'localized', 'conductionband', 'electrons', 'in', 'an', 'ndoped', 'gaas', 'semiconductor', 'purespin', 'dynamics', 'is', 'obtained', 'by', 'tracing', 'out', 'the', 'orbital', 'degrees', 'of', 'freedom', 'whereas', 'pseudospin', 'dynamics', 'retains', 'as', 'is', 'conventional', 'an', 'implicit', 'coordinate', 'dependence', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'magnetic', 'field', 'inhomogeneity', 'and', 'spinorbit', 'interaction', 'result', 'in', 'a', 'nonunitary', 'evolution', 'in', 'purespin', 'dynamics', 'whereas', 'these', 'interactions', 'contribute', 'to', 'the', 'effective', 'pseudospin', 'hamiltonian', 'via', 'terms', 'that', 'are', 'asymmetric', 'in', 'spin', 'permutations', 'in', 'particular', 'the', 'dzyaloshinskiimoriya', 'dm', 'spinorbit', 'interaction', 'we', 'numerically', 'investigate', 'the', 'nonunitary', 'effects', 'in', 'the', 'dynamics', 'of', 'the', 'triplet', 'states', 'population', 'purity', 'and', 'lamb', 'energy', 'shift', 'as', 'a', 'function', 'of', 'interdot', 'distance', 'and', 'magnetic', 'field', 'difference', 'the', 'spinorbit', 'interaction', 'is', 'found', 'to', 'produce', 'effects', 'of', 'roughly', 'four', 'orders', 'of', 'magnitude', 'smaller', 'than', 'those', 'due', 'to', 'magnetic', 'field', 'difference', 'in', 'the', 'purespin', 'model', 'we', 'estimate', 'the', 'spinorbit', 'interaction', 'magnitude', 'in', 'the', 'dminteraction', 'term', 'our', 'estimate', 'gives', 'a', 'smaller', 'value', 'than', 'that', 'recently', 'obtained', 'by', 'kavokin', 'phys', 'rev', 'b', '64', '075305', '2001', 'who', 'did', 'not', 'include', 'double', 'occupancy', 'effects', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'a', 'necessary', 'and', 'sufficient', 'condition', 'for', 'obtaining', 'a', 'universal', 'set', 'of', 'quantum', 'logic', 'gates', 'involving', 'only', 'two', 'spins', 'in', 'both', 'pure', 'and', 'pseudospin', 'models', 'is', 'that', 'the', 'magnetic', 'field', 'inhomogeneity', 'and', 'the', 'heisenberg', 'interaction', 'are', 'both', 'nonvanishing', 'we', 'also', 'briefly', 'analyze', 'purespin', 'dynamics', 'in', 'the', 'electron', 'on', 'liquid', 'helium', 'system', 'recently', 'proposed', 'by', 'lyon', 'phys', 'rev', 'a', '74', '052338', '2006']] | [-0.16193181869287057, 0.18334011865235084, -0.030772110655551473, 0.0549527658614376, -0.02969837372063769, -0.13109857002768963, 0.00934219287890771, 0.35598989401832437, -0.21385627279470643, -0.32635148061163183, -0.02170952343374859, -0.2739407219180391, -0.14142872778275634, 0.16439849570590095, 0.0050182214215709455, -0.033510710550525256, 0.014798298689710266, -0.021190063540997273, -0.0897573540730848, -0.23908201255038833, 0.2791318217107735, 0.036290983859796656, 0.2563548650461543, 0.06961849471377103, 0.06736253008968816, 0.04555387833791328, 0.07576239790622244, 0.006863180259791532, -0.13033016367102004, 0.03615232788981558, 0.18593111934097223, -0.02398950660410036, 0.2198757553002142, -0.44323345509927875, -0.18985260623514283, 0.05484064600072773, 0.1381080394483281, 0.18195660001183983, -0.037485251980904535, -0.3029776662623531, -0.009888555719552583, -0.21949667604764067, -0.13028362532767748, -0.09340394045467074, 0.06366187595220517, -0.010490841046440462, -0.28368241451822307, 0.11511997494004673, 0.07776571409918454, 0.060822990823877064, -0.05092210769998583, -0.11002222633745323, -0.05510368728815738, 0.04845516273872254, 0.01619891558743716, 0.06332029782929688, 0.13227714913518313, -0.0972051139595164, -0.13700994842299774, 0.34274308134521936, -0.09409304341168971, -0.18502064717104907, 0.15923630422558424, -0.1534612408450525, -0.0768818917751539, 0.10583591590964805, 0.12845611282997896, 0.11137803266986411, -0.1586372616889837, 0.1095205958837027, -0.027747973441606663, 0.1647456923726337, 0.028056500628307293, 0.07404799491964713, 0.19350784553122838, 0.11733540552030866, 0.033434601946815336, 0.10535683593280727, -0.0926333146060006, -0.14555527390327885, -0.253808477100254, -0.1581114517775375, -0.2091811828973912, 0.09418813891346105, -0.042415092233125784, -0.12103815789833779, 0.4170460670003703, 0.1712499271999485, 0.15878302039854766, -0.02923086974167835, 0.24623758360449607, 0.10917730218831126, 0.0403820573790052, 0.0623039205650668, 0.27543739638089454, 0.20925401353911133, 0.06513223500356624, -0.3042129969539496, 0.020432277465727847, 0.04108536246891342] |
709.3686 | Curvature estimates for minimal submanifolds of higher codimension | We derive curvature estimates for minimal submanifolds in Euclidean space for
arbitrary dimension and codimension via Gauss map. Thus, Schoen-Simon-Yau's
results and Ecker-Huisken's results are generalized to higher codimension. In
this way we improve Hildebrandt-Jost-Widman's result for the Bernstein type
theorem.
| math.DG | we derive curvature estimates for minimal submanifolds in euclidean space for arbitrary dimension and codimension via gauss map thus schoensimonyaus results and eckerhuiskens results are generalized to higher codimension in this way we improve hildebrandtjostwidmans result for the bernstein type theorem | [['we', 'derive', 'curvature', 'estimates', 'for', 'minimal', 'submanifolds', 'in', 'euclidean', 'space', 'for', 'arbitrary', 'dimension', 'and', 'codimension', 'via', 'gauss', 'map', 'thus', 'schoensimonyaus', 'results', 'and', 'eckerhuiskens', 'results', 'are', 'generalized', 'to', 'higher', 'codimension', 'in', 'this', 'way', 'we', 'improve', 'hildebrandtjostwidmans', 'result', 'for', 'the', 'bernstein', 'type', 'theorem']] | [-0.08859717891563808, 0.05255680867029648, -0.034122749770942484, 0.11797988282112208, -0.08680417892327041, -0.14352343260849776, -0.00890675657673886, 0.3223356892428312, -0.21556410433013776, -0.22192094857363323, 0.1031125245162433, -0.21962239509938578, -0.16983199162457727, 0.27680048415755953, -0.1756422707909032, 0.02548778998224359, 0.043333295169041344, 0.04007356015867308, -0.11752034155161757, -0.2964952310155097, 0.42893029308240666, -0.027657123812547837, 0.21992936299035423, 0.10768331935335147, 0.09432169630829441, 0.018188538507705455, -0.012160685795702432, 0.0009522595217659775, -0.2699579365159336, 0.21647753893079139, 0.26382633818215445, 0.0861698025653727, 0.17515881339970388, -0.38812458093621227, -0.23836898190998718, 0.2154360323972804, 0.14629233722562754, 0.08490182427493365, 0.013740929725923036, -0.2726005251078229, 0.12824562172356405, -0.07734252688303393, -0.29362827328670965, -0.15360985573773323, -0.018839278258383274, -0.02516668554591505, -0.2778895877448744, 0.11164405416256111, 0.1656431676084666, 0.08296069282254107, -0.10126462494219213, -0.09777877240833875, -0.02463563649277938, 0.07057158067810203, 0.008735620710802706, 0.08149777248648829, 0.04880209877400806, -0.04726000334822426, -0.12231636294899018, 0.2742253460455686, -0.11495335485884234, -0.34183193429520253, 0.13868525477224275, -0.15802514131524062, -0.17351252633441044, 0.08592335546487256, 0.18899327874379723, 0.13862083026355035, -0.08997698260569259, 0.1370888948655001, -0.010426694600793877, 0.0052458494411487325, 0.171640975878721, 0.04684671357666191, 0.07259028942912425, 0.042898910696079075, 0.17636111682575, 0.15407809881052295, -0.05014563832235964, -0.03959551952950852, -0.3640179599782354, -0.26957184115522786, -0.14749464287275546, 0.11076670507655333, -0.21748267458430123, -0.09093932385899518, 0.34992907891098995, 0.06687822797041583, 0.18233059542743782, 0.1728626556057287, 0.28011593320652056, 0.07988669870323256, 0.018869398063734957, 0.11332843602193814, 0.19489930404693281, 0.1871180438289517, 0.001872601551248839, -0.03423199415402977, -0.0770727316358764, 0.2868239424975687] |
709.3687 | Nonlinear Dynamics of the Parker Scenario for Coronal Heating | The Parker or field line tangling model of coronal heating is studied
comprehensively via long-time high-resolution simulations of the dynamics of a
coronal loop in cartesian geometry within the framework of reduced
magnetohydrodynamics (RMHD). Slow photospheric motions induce a Poynting flux
which saturates by driving an anisotropic turbulent cascade dominated by
magnetic energy. In physical space this corresponds to a magnetic topology
where magnetic field lines are barely entangled, nevertheless current sheets
(corresponding to the original tangential discontinuities hypothesized by
Parker) are continuously formed and dissipated.
Current sheets are the result of the nonlinear cascade that transfers energy
from the scale of convective motions ($\sim 1,000 km$) down to the dissipative
scales, where it is finally converted to heat and/or particle acceleration.
Current sheets constitute the dissipative structure of the system, and the
associated magnetic reconnection gives rise to impulsive ``bursty'' heating
events at the small scales. This picture is consistent with the slender loops
observed by state-of-the-art (E)UV and X-ray imagers which, although apparently
quiescent, shine bright in these wavelengths with little evidence of entangled
features.
The different regimes of weak and strong MHD turbulence that develop, and
their influence on coronal heating scalings, are shown to depend on the loop
parameters, and this dependence is quantitatively characterized: weak
turbulence regimes and steeper spectra occur in {\it stronger loop fields} and
lead to {\it larger heating rates} than in weak field regions.
| astro-ph physics.plasm-ph physics.space-ph | the parker or field line tangling model of coronal heating is studied comprehensively via longtime highresolution simulations of the dynamics of a coronal loop in cartesian geometry within the framework of reduced magnetohydrodynamics rmhd slow photospheric motions induce a poynting flux which saturates by driving an anisotropic turbulent cascade dominated by magnetic energy in physical space this corresponds to a magnetic topology where magnetic field lines are barely entangled nevertheless current sheets corresponding to the original tangential discontinuities hypothesized by parker are continuously formed and dissipated current sheets are the result of the nonlinear cascade that transfers energy from the scale of convective motions sim 1000 km down to the dissipative scales where it is finally converted to heat andor particle acceleration current sheets constitute the dissipative structure of the system and the associated magnetic reconnection gives rise to impulsive bursty heating events at the small scales this picture is consistent with the slender loops observed by stateoftheart euv and xray imagers which although apparently quiescent shine bright in these wavelengths with little evidence of entangled features the different regimes of weak and strong mhd turbulence that develop and their influence on coronal heating scalings are shown to depend on the loop parameters and this dependence is quantitatively characterized weak turbulence regimes and steeper spectra occur in it stronger loop fields and lead to it larger heating rates than in weak field regions | [['the', 'parker', 'or', 'field', 'line', 'tangling', 'model', 'of', 'coronal', 'heating', 'is', 'studied', 'comprehensively', 'via', 'longtime', 'highresolution', 'simulations', 'of', 'the', 'dynamics', 'of', 'a', 'coronal', 'loop', 'in', 'cartesian', 'geometry', 'within', 'the', 'framework', 'of', 'reduced', 'magnetohydrodynamics', 'rmhd', 'slow', 'photospheric', 'motions', 'induce', 'a', 'poynting', 'flux', 'which', 'saturates', 'by', 'driving', 'an', 'anisotropic', 'turbulent', 'cascade', 'dominated', 'by', 'magnetic', 'energy', 'in', 'physical', 'space', 'this', 'corresponds', 'to', 'a', 'magnetic', 'topology', 'where', 'magnetic', 'field', 'lines', 'are', 'barely', 'entangled', 'nevertheless', 'current', 'sheets', 'corresponding', 'to', 'the', 'original', 'tangential', 'discontinuities', 'hypothesized', 'by', 'parker', 'are', 'continuously', 'formed', 'and', 'dissipated', 'current', 'sheets', 'are', 'the', 'result', 'of', 'the', 'nonlinear', 'cascade', 'that', 'transfers', 'energy', 'from', 'the', 'scale', 'of', 'convective', 'motions', 'sim', '1000', 'km', 'down', 'to', 'the', 'dissipative', 'scales', 'where', 'it', 'is', 'finally', 'converted', 'to', 'heat', 'andor', 'particle', 'acceleration', 'current', 'sheets', 'constitute', 'the', 'dissipative', 'structure', 'of', 'the', 'system', 'and', 'the', 'associated', 'magnetic', 'reconnection', 'gives', 'rise', 'to', 'impulsive', 'bursty', 'heating', 'events', 'at', 'the', 'small', 'scales', 'this', 'picture', 'is', 'consistent', 'with', 'the', 'slender', 'loops', 'observed', 'by', 'stateoftheart', 'euv', 'and', 'xray', 'imagers', 'which', 'although', 'apparently', 'quiescent', 'shine', 'bright', 'in', 'these', 'wavelengths', 'with', 'little', 'evidence', 'of', 'entangled', 'features', 'the', 'different', 'regimes', 'of', 'weak', 'and', 'strong', 'mhd', 'turbulence', 'that', 'develop', 'and', 'their', 'influence', 'on', 'coronal', 'heating', 'scalings', 'are', 'shown', 'to', 'depend', 'on', 'the', 'loop', 'parameters', 'and', 'this', 'dependence', 'is', 'quantitatively', 'characterized', 'weak', 'turbulence', 'regimes', 'and', 'steeper', 'spectra', 'occur', 'in', 'it', 'stronger', 'loop', 'fields', 'and', 'lead', 'to', 'it', 'larger', 'heating', 'rates', 'than', 'in', 'weak', 'field', 'regions']] | [-0.15299074311466895, 0.2511784638370744, -0.0019423158483603737, 0.12569176780245797, -0.05683917036308016, -0.07843879104567923, -0.03716794058806443, 0.3775720694322187, -0.26476495127821176, -0.32894530845606146, 0.04135165202917027, -0.21981181931190288, -0.061036295304474596, 0.2422250929631317, 0.0244471408874436, -0.013182647225482973, 0.06208237115285747, -0.05182812501908212, -0.0036933564604959518, -0.1617825531366765, 0.3134828231895998, 0.11969269073044665, 0.26506560094966336, 0.007745126847381596, 0.07927400980328606, -0.1411257817923559, -0.019175828865213646, 0.08091034932057534, -0.14431614507732426, 0.023196462068412964, 0.1609553682543897, 0.022900169878166825, 0.22802330711516733, -0.49319047942885513, -0.26534588438310847, 0.0045575252834051975, 0.1749876453171488, 0.056186944523090775, 0.0007939869827738775, -0.2581809091515631, 0.050072576965569104, -0.12926658799935756, -0.10607134965458254, -0.015893637389669098, 0.03446766601169938, 0.03122551063907057, -0.272462766916569, 0.15209944475074438, 0.08172754366840176, 0.06423162525447781, -0.10048021914528847, 0.003044279349684044, -0.07916751380034527, 0.07131953457472326, 0.10039956222813928, 0.06992184204676952, 0.2109746892103134, -0.17044049133186912, -0.06677955611161249, 0.3552068379855527, -0.04825049439199566, -0.1125131067909828, 0.22595115547688466, -0.21615683050704282, -0.07628018817516612, 0.24660754380268024, 0.1450030571269471, 0.08423044189187207, -0.10432933158338142, 0.016751573388085025, -0.02010272628559767, 0.13241999709075356, 0.06555466915185007, 0.02699099292567943, 0.27118244987029116, 0.12936100012811635, 0.04956652837267841, 0.11229907183797007, -0.1548751393003817, -0.10821731820754515, -0.27848698390655763, -0.0877913456163349, -0.10452982841775045, 0.09138569140364866, -0.06789851252563185, -0.20299871409321385, 0.3746357308840579, 0.18246085991755193, 0.20434176758250977, -0.03247156781004542, 0.31135521375857966, 0.1429908017836743, 0.07436150782456813, 0.16298360514175747, 0.3114643481843845, 0.1976199776569757, 0.16780755077608633, -0.25203360901828736, 0.03655564640908474, 0.06566786423201629] |
709.3688 | Some Impacts of Lorentz Violation on Cosmology | The impact of Lorentz violation on the dynamics of a scalar field is
investigated. In particular, we study the dynamics of a scalar field in the
scalar-vector-tensor theory where the vector field is constrained to be unity
and time like. By taking a generic form of the scalar field action, a
generalized dynamical equation for the scalar-vector-tensor theory of gravity
is obtained to describe the cosmological solutions. We present a class of exact
solutions for an ordinary scalar field or phantom field corresponding to a
power law coupling vector and the Hubble parameter. As the results, we find a
constant equation of state in de Sitter space-time and power law expansion with
the quadratic of coupling vector, while a dynamic equation of state is obtained
for $n> 2$. Then, we consider the inflationary scenario based on the Lorentz
violating scalar-vector-tensor theory of gravity with general power-law
coupling vector and two typical potentials: inverse power-law and power-law
potentials. In fact, both the coupling vector and the potential models affect
the dynamics of the inflationary solutions. Finally, we use the dynamical
system formalism to study the attractor behavior of a cosmological model
containing a scalar field endowed with a quadratic coupling vector and a
chaotic potential.
| hep-th | the impact of lorentz violation on the dynamics of a scalar field is investigated in particular we study the dynamics of a scalar field in the scalarvectortensor theory where the vector field is constrained to be unity and time like by taking a generic form of the scalar field action a generalized dynamical equation for the scalarvectortensor theory of gravity is obtained to describe the cosmological solutions we present a class of exact solutions for an ordinary scalar field or phantom field corresponding to a power law coupling vector and the hubble parameter as the results we find a constant equation of state in de sitter spacetime and power law expansion with the quadratic of coupling vector while a dynamic equation of state is obtained for n 2 then we consider the inflationary scenario based on the lorentz violating scalarvectortensor theory of gravity with general powerlaw coupling vector and two typical potentials inverse powerlaw and powerlaw potentials in fact both the coupling vector and the potential models affect the dynamics of the inflationary solutions finally we use the dynamical system formalism to study the attractor behavior of a cosmological model containing a scalar field endowed with a quadratic coupling vector and a chaotic potential | [['the', 'impact', 'of', 'lorentz', 'violation', 'on', 'the', 'dynamics', 'of', 'a', 'scalar', 'field', 'is', 'investigated', 'in', 'particular', 'we', 'study', 'the', 'dynamics', 'of', 'a', 'scalar', 'field', 'in', 'the', 'scalarvectortensor', 'theory', 'where', 'the', 'vector', 'field', 'is', 'constrained', 'to', 'be', 'unity', 'and', 'time', 'like', 'by', 'taking', 'a', 'generic', 'form', 'of', 'the', 'scalar', 'field', 'action', 'a', 'generalized', 'dynamical', 'equation', 'for', 'the', 'scalarvectortensor', 'theory', 'of', 'gravity', 'is', 'obtained', 'to', 'describe', 'the', 'cosmological', 'solutions', 'we', 'present', 'a', 'class', 'of', 'exact', 'solutions', 'for', 'an', 'ordinary', 'scalar', 'field', 'or', 'phantom', 'field', 'corresponding', 'to', 'a', 'power', 'law', 'coupling', 'vector', 'and', 'the', 'hubble', 'parameter', 'as', 'the', 'results', 'we', 'find', 'a', 'constant', 'equation', 'of', 'state', 'in', 'de', 'sitter', 'spacetime', 'and', 'power', 'law', 'expansion', 'with', 'the', 'quadratic', 'of', 'coupling', 'vector', 'while', 'a', 'dynamic', 'equation', 'of', 'state', 'is', 'obtained', 'for', 'n', '2', 'then', 'we', 'consider', 'the', 'inflationary', 'scenario', 'based', 'on', 'the', 'lorentz', 'violating', 'scalarvectortensor', 'theory', 'of', 'gravity', 'with', 'general', 'powerlaw', 'coupling', 'vector', 'and', 'two', 'typical', 'potentials', 'inverse', 'powerlaw', 'and', 'powerlaw', 'potentials', 'in', 'fact', 'both', 'the', 'coupling', 'vector', 'and', 'the', 'potential', 'models', 'affect', 'the', 'dynamics', 'of', 'the', 'inflationary', 'solutions', 'finally', 'we', 'use', 'the', 'dynamical', 'system', 'formalism', 'to', 'study', 'the', 'attractor', 'behavior', 'of', 'a', 'cosmological', 'model', 'containing', 'a', 'scalar', 'field', 'endowed', 'with', 'a', 'quadratic', 'coupling', 'vector', 'and', 'a', 'chaotic', 'potential']] | [-0.19181479563635281, 0.14933117334144566, -0.1045564979031755, 0.06707699022338014, -0.09915472407980512, -0.17030996984605878, -0.03714221120896457, 0.26442829810320306, -0.23187961382334868, -0.2649918188176611, 0.06753106409108595, -0.251775392153136, -0.1652952057432712, 0.14301975722899476, 0.05218208177065404, 0.05023280647811571, -0.03394067302396448, 0.11035559593823135, -0.05565644295968335, -0.20238900766365558, 0.38520570857879505, 0.027987452436754406, 0.22207597053299347, -0.003932925669348561, 0.13206983856884214, -0.01476995404878193, 0.027127292838093696, 0.06773940082262818, -0.1508069884479411, 0.0713930781885032, 0.12888502531169413, 0.09951314887068435, 0.2352180289670679, -0.4060208305679992, -0.25558027037528946, 0.1338780321427347, 0.10920878029063198, 0.12582490948718225, -0.0682816158092179, -0.2880254007086121, 0.041355293750872504, -0.17604189763340972, -0.17259198610497384, -0.0825013720165646, 0.009576018508774795, -0.015013853075752016, -0.3201711360301238, 0.11411203775445328, 0.002942617797445707, 0.023151747864104955, -0.1380253899294664, -0.03483723830340393, 0.00352086752936171, 0.026779228402529935, 0.10455361193653159, 0.055896529334359894, 0.10799378903089639, -0.20924903327078723, -0.10380179743971858, 0.39871011961561936, -0.18005692564303685, -0.23739935759701492, 0.10946041637205281, -0.1496037984992761, -0.10648326410720234, 0.06554281589456414, 0.1858583407261975, 0.13045744819364877, -0.12673270121655045, 0.21376186029046235, 0.01557611649417702, 0.1450710984622585, 0.027391634642959153, 0.009041045608932572, 0.21761412434188612, 0.10398040105264597, 0.008638601033382263, 0.11667970129044489, -0.023444550901687906, -0.17601679033809797, -0.3639430457214807, -0.16052452861216202, -0.1372524694432322, 0.10628005369525294, -0.16870310339186737, -0.18879472399723954, 0.4248804208199384, 0.10075278496643637, 0.17966709282322257, 0.08007342807546843, 0.2512822319096064, 0.15929200971788982, 0.023681072108493205, 0.0507379906176699, 0.2957332186976119, 0.16349629622852138, 0.11738975684263506, -0.24428101112454326, -0.07431185690859589, 0.0764654260836359] |
709.3689 | Static Deadlock Detection in MPI Synchronization Communication | It is very common to use dynamic methods to detect deadlocks in MPI programs
for the reason that static methods have some restrictions. To guarantee high
reliability of some important MPI-based application software, a model of MPI
synchronization communication is abstracted and a type of static method is
devised to examine deadlocks in such modes. The model has three forms with
different complexity: sequential model, single-loop model and nested-loop
model. Sequential model is a base for all models. Single-loop model must be
treated with a special type of equation group and nested-loop model extends the
methods for the other two models. A standard Java-based software framework
originated from these methods is constructed for determining whether MPI
programs are free from synchronization communication deadlocks. Our practice
shows the software framework is better than those tools using dynamic methods
because it can dig out all synchronization communication deadlocks before an
MPI-based program goes into running.
| cs.DC | it is very common to use dynamic methods to detect deadlocks in mpi programs for the reason that static methods have some restrictions to guarantee high reliability of some important mpibased application software a model of mpi synchronization communication is abstracted and a type of static method is devised to examine deadlocks in such modes the model has three forms with different complexity sequential model singleloop model and nestedloop model sequential model is a base for all models singleloop model must be treated with a special type of equation group and nestedloop model extends the methods for the other two models a standard javabased software framework originated from these methods is constructed for determining whether mpi programs are free from synchronization communication deadlocks our practice shows the software framework is better than those tools using dynamic methods because it can dig out all synchronization communication deadlocks before an mpibased program goes into running | [['it', 'is', 'very', 'common', 'to', 'use', 'dynamic', 'methods', 'to', 'detect', 'deadlocks', 'in', 'mpi', 'programs', 'for', 'the', 'reason', 'that', 'static', 'methods', 'have', 'some', 'restrictions', 'to', 'guarantee', 'high', 'reliability', 'of', 'some', 'important', 'mpibased', 'application', 'software', 'a', 'model', 'of', 'mpi', 'synchronization', 'communication', 'is', 'abstracted', 'and', 'a', 'type', 'of', 'static', 'method', 'is', 'devised', 'to', 'examine', 'deadlocks', 'in', 'such', 'modes', 'the', 'model', 'has', 'three', 'forms', 'with', 'different', 'complexity', 'sequential', 'model', 'singleloop', 'model', 'and', 'nestedloop', 'model', 'sequential', 'model', 'is', 'a', 'base', 'for', 'all', 'models', 'singleloop', 'model', 'must', 'be', 'treated', 'with', 'a', 'special', 'type', 'of', 'equation', 'group', 'and', 'nestedloop', 'model', 'extends', 'the', 'methods', 'for', 'the', 'other', 'two', 'models', 'a', 'standard', 'javabased', 'software', 'framework', 'originated', 'from', 'these', 'methods', 'is', 'constructed', 'for', 'determining', 'whether', 'mpi', 'programs', 'are', 'free', 'from', 'synchronization', 'communication', 'deadlocks', 'our', 'practice', 'shows', 'the', 'software', 'framework', 'is', 'better', 'than', 'those', 'tools', 'using', 'dynamic', 'methods', 'because', 'it', 'can', 'dig', 'out', 'all', 'synchronization', 'communication', 'deadlocks', 'before', 'an', 'mpibased', 'program', 'goes', 'into', 'running']] | [-0.1282635518287695, 0.00723008155068337, -0.0972752329966455, 0.11387404874180218, -0.0818961602422634, -0.24349413442370646, 0.029430097516845253, 0.3923622430393509, -0.2769404476252841, -0.3431587833972051, 0.12399985080164876, -0.22427375450748585, -0.13549350292172307, 0.20537759524350072, -0.05722334454128263, 0.08406004638965028, 0.08687475072830102, 0.021777584807935103, -0.03671659955532698, -0.22415087368412345, 0.2388234016382032, 0.035839789340065584, 0.2753903794960648, -0.00021064249810829661, 0.03819733007059256, 0.0039690152916591614, -0.025805574303091158, 0.01429699053432415, -0.041055991063497464, 0.06448647574052896, 0.2871209589125428, 0.23088362145548066, 0.31505571161488105, -0.4402211647651164, -0.2324085329823634, 0.09131017835579472, 0.12833598510550906, 0.13976181417192315, 0.013615715379820637, -0.2549194090701396, 0.1152568625178176, -0.2150488716848438, -0.0727970139823513, -0.07842029797010659, -0.06171526830472977, 0.004359844906919094, -0.26738966767085726, -0.012774241619493837, 0.0487036331605434, 0.0747360195127602, -0.027024052659767907, -0.08645270515257626, 0.017007628667283975, 0.13226062536324842, 0.03239618575054349, 0.0171997622446784, 0.11174215816929206, -0.07917570802946179, -0.18355300110685668, 0.41453055250975823, -0.00950425936814985, -0.20888852240408168, 0.2542770022702909, -0.004312757761795926, -0.1881828212934041, 0.11823005188527377, 0.18656912523099628, 0.10388690140098333, -0.19667697370393214, 0.10041160013464286, 0.01216586979617383, 0.1951938318035389, 0.009996938169172971, -0.010807955830838848, 0.14865341555065434, 0.20433892552539998, 0.023875586044810274, 0.1272511795628055, -0.028093012962855546, -0.13130501683898807, -0.25880549016585147, -0.1377284230080013, -0.08606984359486138, -0.04906357862237914, -0.07619064363616357, -0.17379030188411668, 0.36001240654416333, 0.19718936793323533, 0.0788876464973916, 0.0705522425758829, 0.38731142658180273, 0.06398874388024625, 0.11792271288440508, 0.13727378002154866, 0.1718945454618151, 0.07388605988809681, 0.09562552639958906, -0.16898360429369705, 0.10996442154549013, 0.0645933925368963] |
709.369 | Pioneer anomaly: a drift in the proper time of the spacecraft | A relativistic theory is proposed to explain the anomalous accelerations of
Pioneer 10/11, Galileo and Ulysses spacecrafts. The theory points out at the
limitations of the weak field approximation and proposes a drift in the proper
time of the spacecraft outside the framework of general relativity. The theory
yields a very accurate and precise value for the anomalous acceleration. In
this theory the proper time of a body is associated with the gravitational
frequency shift of the constituent fundamental particles of the body. The
frequency shift changes the energy level of the body which gets reflected in
its relativistic mass and therefore in its motion. This change in energy level
causes the time like geodesics to deviate from that of the standard theoretical
models. We introduce proper time in the line element of a metric theory
according to a fixed set of rules laid down by general relativity for
introducing deviation in the flat Minkowski metric. The frequency shift for
bodies of different composition traversing different trajectories however, is
not the same and this gets reflected in its motion as an unmodeled anomalous
effect. This association of proper time with the gravitational frequency shift
of the body requires the flat Minkowski metric to deviate in different ways for
different two body systems. The solution to Pioneer anomaly given here yields
anomalous acceleration within the limits of observational accuracy.
Gravitational redshift of light, bending of light and perihelic precession of
planets are within the permissible limits. The theory shows that Einstein's
field equations do provide some clue to the Pioneer anomaly but the solution is
not very accurate. The theory can also explain the rotation curves of the
spiral galaxies.
| physics.gen-ph | a relativistic theory is proposed to explain the anomalous accelerations of pioneer 1011 galileo and ulysses spacecrafts the theory points out at the limitations of the weak field approximation and proposes a drift in the proper time of the spacecraft outside the framework of general relativity the theory yields a very accurate and precise value for the anomalous acceleration in this theory the proper time of a body is associated with the gravitational frequency shift of the constituent fundamental particles of the body the frequency shift changes the energy level of the body which gets reflected in its relativistic mass and therefore in its motion this change in energy level causes the time like geodesics to deviate from that of the standard theoretical models we introduce proper time in the line element of a metric theory according to a fixed set of rules laid down by general relativity for introducing deviation in the flat minkowski metric the frequency shift for bodies of different composition traversing different trajectories however is not the same and this gets reflected in its motion as an unmodeled anomalous effect this association of proper time with the gravitational frequency shift of the body requires the flat minkowski metric to deviate in different ways for different two body systems the solution to pioneer anomaly given here yields anomalous acceleration within the limits of observational accuracy gravitational redshift of light bending of light and perihelic precession of planets are within the permissible limits the theory shows that einsteins field equations do provide some clue to the pioneer anomaly but the solution is not very accurate the theory can also explain the rotation curves of the spiral galaxies | [['a', 'relativistic', 'theory', 'is', 'proposed', 'to', 'explain', 'the', 'anomalous', 'accelerations', 'of', 'pioneer', '1011', 'galileo', 'and', 'ulysses', 'spacecrafts', 'the', 'theory', 'points', 'out', 'at', 'the', 'limitations', 'of', 'the', 'weak', 'field', 'approximation', 'and', 'proposes', 'a', 'drift', 'in', 'the', 'proper', 'time', 'of', 'the', 'spacecraft', 'outside', 'the', 'framework', 'of', 'general', 'relativity', 'the', 'theory', 'yields', 'a', 'very', 'accurate', 'and', 'precise', 'value', 'for', 'the', 'anomalous', 'acceleration', 'in', 'this', 'theory', 'the', 'proper', 'time', 'of', 'a', 'body', 'is', 'associated', 'with', 'the', 'gravitational', 'frequency', 'shift', 'of', 'the', 'constituent', 'fundamental', 'particles', 'of', 'the', 'body', 'the', 'frequency', 'shift', 'changes', 'the', 'energy', 'level', 'of', 'the', 'body', 'which', 'gets', 'reflected', 'in', 'its', 'relativistic', 'mass', 'and', 'therefore', 'in', 'its', 'motion', 'this', 'change', 'in', 'energy', 'level', 'causes', 'the', 'time', 'like', 'geodesics', 'to', 'deviate', 'from', 'that', 'of', 'the', 'standard', 'theoretical', 'models', 'we', 'introduce', 'proper', 'time', 'in', 'the', 'line', 'element', 'of', 'a', 'metric', 'theory', 'according', 'to', 'a', 'fixed', 'set', 'of', 'rules', 'laid', 'down', 'by', 'general', 'relativity', 'for', 'introducing', 'deviation', 'in', 'the', 'flat', 'minkowski', 'metric', 'the', 'frequency', 'shift', 'for', 'bodies', 'of', 'different', 'composition', 'traversing', 'different', 'trajectories', 'however', 'is', 'not', 'the', 'same', 'and', 'this', 'gets', 'reflected', 'in', 'its', 'motion', 'as', 'an', 'unmodeled', 'anomalous', 'effect', 'this', 'association', 'of', 'proper', 'time', 'with', 'the', 'gravitational', 'frequency', 'shift', 'of', 'the', 'body', 'requires', 'the', 'flat', 'minkowski', 'metric', 'to', 'deviate', 'in', 'different', 'ways', 'for', 'different', 'two', 'body', 'systems', 'the', 'solution', 'to', 'pioneer', 'anomaly', 'given', 'here', 'yields', 'anomalous', 'acceleration', 'within', 'the', 'limits', 'of', 'observational', 'accuracy', 'gravitational', 'redshift', 'of', 'light', 'bending', 'of', 'light', 'and', 'perihelic', 'precession', 'of', 'planets', 'are', 'within', 'the', 'permissible', 'limits', 'the', 'theory', 'shows', 'that', 'einsteins', 'field', 'equations', 'do', 'provide', 'some', 'clue', 'to', 'the', 'pioneer', 'anomaly', 'but', 'the', 'solution', 'is', 'not', 'very', 'accurate', 'the', 'theory', 'can', 'also', 'explain', 'the', 'rotation', 'curves', 'of', 'the', 'spiral', 'galaxies']] | [-0.14067387532886771, 0.13999508892560059, -0.11692719819236173, 0.06035303415340041, -0.10527017513059721, -0.07462620283693983, 0.05490081069455232, 0.32766985952249966, -0.2520485965177871, -0.3052071945860274, 0.041997140655243986, -0.25777765954293874, -0.09931725378759125, 0.1910770475175098, -0.08245001130113144, 0.02987376237425813, 0.03183390092902473, 0.06644346103947159, -0.06951099933006369, -0.17255944576978977, 0.297534790031919, 0.08494842771230446, 0.22611853278323, 0.018363638093367912, 0.12611925192544485, -0.014313353844801478, -0.02643868294761493, 0.0556479338779501, -0.08717365452868898, 0.1132042882620037, 0.19504509609003853, 0.1093077969647223, 0.2222588698089283, -0.40938597161816864, -0.23473597018341918, 0.07286250559378608, 0.09628958382817339, 0.12813030041029883, -0.038884954057186574, -0.29043420743677884, 0.03792329081523505, -0.13373021243221883, -0.20740005990914254, -0.006085224746723115, 0.06885347150576611, -0.004578486272704697, -0.21021407945281875, 0.11389215620921835, 0.058595301601768714, 0.055637918624653074, -0.10485835707751454, -0.07689465992620022, 0.015329361266513292, 0.1366404593024256, 0.12871432927392062, 0.05806249470177097, 0.1437875720385235, -0.10929503711524644, -0.09463183656268115, 0.46031404575032575, -0.08888070863349477, -0.18615509301931413, 0.16738764208567905, -0.2251858127238329, -0.10039120023289035, 0.14530748468164462, 0.16850270328235456, 0.10908332261120013, -0.15405032269015748, 0.10814239205517155, 0.01427508484885951, 0.1333900431630462, 0.09012165882935126, 0.022544086030784553, 0.26413560316206947, 0.12115728634987093, 0.060557698876026175, 0.04840797327891139, -0.10816596328605493, -0.08763919688434103, -0.33168806276354257, -0.14495079889115342, -0.13254334500116233, 0.0313622865344583, -0.12256789800936714, -0.15982577182187935, 0.39152847416031317, 0.15400462147636226, 0.17769125576965983, 0.051642682489698694, 0.31128503640823224, 0.13303670617982313, 0.05674002737334285, 0.06216429458266812, 0.3429328807881878, 0.11070137611159714, 0.1125508029594697, -0.2530949349109564, 0.03336470873346702, 0.055538465596041156] |
709.3691 | Negative reflection in a Faraday chiral medium | The four wavenumbers associated with planewave propagation in a Faraday
chiral medium (FCM) with relatively huge magnetoelectric coupling give rise to
enhanced possibilities for negative-phase-velocity propagation and therefore
negative refraction. They can also give rise to the phenomenon of negative
reflection. In particular, for a nondissipative example, we deduced that an
incident plane wave with positive/negative phase velocity can result in a
negatively reflected plane wave with negative/positive phase velocity, as well
as a positively reflected plane wave with positive/negative phase velocity.
| physics.optics | the four wavenumbers associated with planewave propagation in a faraday chiral medium fcm with relatively huge magnetoelectric coupling give rise to enhanced possibilities for negativephasevelocity propagation and therefore negative refraction they can also give rise to the phenomenon of negative reflection in particular for a nondissipative example we deduced that an incident plane wave with positivenegative phase velocity can result in a negatively reflected plane wave with negativepositive phase velocity as well as a positively reflected plane wave with positivenegative phase velocity | [['the', 'four', 'wavenumbers', 'associated', 'with', 'planewave', 'propagation', 'in', 'a', 'faraday', 'chiral', 'medium', 'fcm', 'with', 'relatively', 'huge', 'magnetoelectric', 'coupling', 'give', 'rise', 'to', 'enhanced', 'possibilities', 'for', 'negativephasevelocity', 'propagation', 'and', 'therefore', 'negative', 'refraction', 'they', 'can', 'also', 'give', 'rise', 'to', 'the', 'phenomenon', 'of', 'negative', 'reflection', 'in', 'particular', 'for', 'a', 'nondissipative', 'example', 'we', 'deduced', 'that', 'an', 'incident', 'plane', 'wave', 'with', 'positivenegative', 'phase', 'velocity', 'can', 'result', 'in', 'a', 'negatively', 'reflected', 'plane', 'wave', 'with', 'negativepositive', 'phase', 'velocity', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'a', 'positively', 'reflected', 'plane', 'wave', 'with', 'positivenegative', 'phase', 'velocity']] | [-0.1976268443097247, 0.25615137165980895, -0.04997448003055846, 0.025421187054456736, -0.16622373063071835, -0.11812651489020848, -0.004361973575702528, 0.4296312869140288, -0.2578990772003081, -0.26942257689902693, 0.02598807910917236, -0.2751402965769535, -0.17711195098122628, 0.20616388370896258, 0.04345389562318238, -0.01533361583402971, -0.030381060466624615, 0.014242686183623425, -0.053658853868510936, -0.11356739375013404, 0.28244727993065993, 0.008274828579643083, 0.2653281265506294, 0.08323257913949286, 0.09287331717247825, 0.015131816654125364, 0.024029166687552523, 0.1071439116693488, -0.08598998129460464, 0.023926131438645647, 0.2559398161020221, 0.003113281595089087, 0.1580232345476383, -0.388193370365515, -0.2312818096564492, 0.06499177187953781, 0.18289477492770656, 0.15915892208449361, -0.14023117406475472, -0.3023633579609961, -0.0087406571000451, -0.1331339643575342, -0.24461928623864745, -0.025716093948065507, 0.02941533205349271, 0.036391508901809776, -0.22292941731468932, 0.12469078424328472, 0.04276077425896713, 0.0349490119019387, -0.03866773840357981, -0.08483698530258929, -0.09798190773680533, 0.029325213078863738, 0.08261497044671759, 0.07880743468895827, 0.06045916222785486, -0.10639184182112264, -0.09831486035865254, 0.4241434533785029, -0.11316313513940791, -0.20462489672194706, 0.14839924413926628, -0.19812353284924472, 0.017878920600817697, 0.2362453347503594, 0.23526935805509822, 0.05155227385552191, -0.04905177992427858, -0.03386307382890841, -0.020975875145246035, 0.1617834131125497, 0.16388670194939506, 0.046582850032747244, 0.23662388627985265, 0.05242844422563638, 0.09794427625119413, 0.13424409785103508, -0.09374129587128509, -0.019276884563335376, -0.3021056072377577, -0.12952851302490184, -0.09647602862650075, 0.05914133007900091, -0.1069221717882944, -0.24236121672637215, 0.3874166243831718, 0.10861075888728587, 0.2145483134223557, -0.009434937114725116, 0.2853298806017492, 0.1896570515719515, 0.004444857576589395, 0.030962965044437157, 0.25858466349905584, 0.21231903385643552, 0.16873978864310718, -0.2037499808683628, 0.05723834745926646, 0.01288470420872838] |
709.3692 | Deadlock Detection in Basic Models of MPI Synchronization Communication
Programs | A model of MPI synchronization communication programs is presented and its
three basic simplified models are also defined. A series of theorems and
methods for deciding whether deadlocks will occur among the three models are
given and proved strictly. These theories and methods for simple models'
deadlock detection are the necessary base for real MPI program deadlock
detection. The methods are based on a static analysis through programs and with
runtime detection in necessary cases and they are able to determine before
compiling whether it will be deadlocked for two of the three basic models. For
another model, some deadlock cases can be found before compiling and others at
runtime. Our theorems can be used to prove the correctness of currently popular
MPI program deadlock detection algorithms. Our methods may decrease codes that
those algorithms need to change to MPI source or profiling interface and may
detects deadlocks ahead of program execution, thus the overheads can be reduced
greatly.
| cs.DC | a model of mpi synchronization communication programs is presented and its three basic simplified models are also defined a series of theorems and methods for deciding whether deadlocks will occur among the three models are given and proved strictly these theories and methods for simple models deadlock detection are the necessary base for real mpi program deadlock detection the methods are based on a static analysis through programs and with runtime detection in necessary cases and they are able to determine before compiling whether it will be deadlocked for two of the three basic models for another model some deadlock cases can be found before compiling and others at runtime our theorems can be used to prove the correctness of currently popular mpi program deadlock detection algorithms our methods may decrease codes that those algorithms need to change to mpi source or profiling interface and may detects deadlocks ahead of program execution thus the overheads can be reduced greatly | [['a', 'model', 'of', 'mpi', 'synchronization', 'communication', 'programs', 'is', 'presented', 'and', 'its', 'three', 'basic', 'simplified', 'models', 'are', 'also', 'defined', 'a', 'series', 'of', 'theorems', 'and', 'methods', 'for', 'deciding', 'whether', 'deadlocks', 'will', 'occur', 'among', 'the', 'three', 'models', 'are', 'given', 'and', 'proved', 'strictly', 'these', 'theories', 'and', 'methods', 'for', 'simple', 'models', 'deadlock', 'detection', 'are', 'the', 'necessary', 'base', 'for', 'real', 'mpi', 'program', 'deadlock', 'detection', 'the', 'methods', 'are', 'based', 'on', 'a', 'static', 'analysis', 'through', 'programs', 'and', 'with', 'runtime', 'detection', 'in', 'necessary', 'cases', 'and', 'they', 'are', 'able', 'to', 'determine', 'before', 'compiling', 'whether', 'it', 'will', 'be', 'deadlocked', 'for', 'two', 'of', 'the', 'three', 'basic', 'models', 'for', 'another', 'model', 'some', 'deadlock', 'cases', 'can', 'be', 'found', 'before', 'compiling', 'and', 'others', 'at', 'runtime', 'our', 'theorems', 'can', 'be', 'used', 'to', 'prove', 'the', 'correctness', 'of', 'currently', 'popular', 'mpi', 'program', 'deadlock', 'detection', 'algorithms', 'our', 'methods', 'may', 'decrease', 'codes', 'that', 'those', 'algorithms', 'need', 'to', 'change', 'to', 'mpi', 'source', 'or', 'profiling', 'interface', 'and', 'may', 'detects', 'deadlocks', 'ahead', 'of', 'program', 'execution', 'thus', 'the', 'overheads', 'can', 'be', 'reduced', 'greatly']] | [-0.12148064599846894, 0.053020267494011133, -0.0917315549662325, 0.11880280415501164, -0.07369635284603017, -0.23614021993400353, 0.059905378648765245, 0.40053544966972565, -0.2843058897510358, -0.3628393751364084, 0.18714264043352022, -0.21893449056214132, -0.10355765848389809, 0.24726935612687947, -0.07192071941944789, 0.09447428468671926, 0.11207378439754599, 0.027589587919390614, -0.0646467503832372, -0.31516578325814326, 0.2370318356014015, 0.04248773104528773, 0.21573393167078542, 0.0797692092703714, 0.02063126611207032, -0.00949595859508563, -0.04492509068698628, 0.0184843491035235, -0.05104122839381357, 0.06679532989719004, 0.33128010135836994, 0.2790712312979729, 0.2524230791074253, -0.44751775176293634, -0.17376813677332872, 0.10535821889134699, 0.15888619181588762, 0.12719892884081863, 0.02725952174353454, -0.27468222536076353, 0.12747006516599055, -0.14925316657501994, -0.05976448971309564, -0.11410278582699457, -0.0311497993556396, 0.030707988888025284, -0.24911098673049384, -0.015645352830859955, 0.06832179124540293, 0.06144892048740865, -0.011365214506978367, -0.09631894872107971, -0.013809508633793993, 0.13443894282938126, 0.02201094466361141, -0.01900521289768084, 0.14313398293986823, -0.09793123964267145, -0.2172765737624968, 0.38957199805750037, 0.007855537075127633, -0.19616568422987588, 0.26660005219424227, -0.021213662727156055, -0.20001427628357643, 0.12077970299489046, 0.18802646338740517, 0.1300200466945205, -0.15795877742809508, 0.03839483018085923, 0.03283928324462577, 0.1833707755270455, 0.05688042904150748, -0.004099795873036737, 0.197725682905963, 0.14749282314412812, 0.036915927365387104, 0.11810677674300266, -0.04768739825073606, -0.062081704888516255, -0.3056424703191286, -0.16446150361659861, -0.08948955256726195, -0.07572274830312403, -0.07066700292338249, -0.13406321349547906, 0.361630138484234, 0.19512495428833337, 0.05974158198344258, 0.10553111155984525, 0.34805493541764765, 0.08078998674744002, 0.1000232636172957, 0.14359778282086147, 0.18407377558295415, 0.043696298895099156, 0.10423181275690689, -0.17124376976979697, 0.142663380491354, 0.04274189917066094] |
709.3693 | Algorithm of Static Deadlock Detection in MPI Synchronization
Communication Sequential Model | Detecting deadlocks in MPI synchronization communication programs is very
difficult and need building program models. All complex models are based on
sequential models. The sequential model is mapped into a set of character
strings and its deadlock detection problem is translated into an equivalent
multi-queue string matching problem. An algorithm is devised and implemented to
statically detect deadlocks in sequential models of MPI synchronization
communication programs. The time and space complexity of the algorithm is O(n)
where n is the amount of message in model. The algorithm is better than usual
circle-detection methods and can adapt well to dynamic message stream.
| cs.DC | detecting deadlocks in mpi synchronization communication programs is very difficult and need building program models all complex models are based on sequential models the sequential model is mapped into a set of character strings and its deadlock detection problem is translated into an equivalent multiqueue string matching problem an algorithm is devised and implemented to statically detect deadlocks in sequential models of mpi synchronization communication programs the time and space complexity of the algorithm is on where n is the amount of message in model the algorithm is better than usual circledetection methods and can adapt well to dynamic message stream | [['detecting', 'deadlocks', 'in', 'mpi', 'synchronization', 'communication', 'programs', 'is', 'very', 'difficult', 'and', 'need', 'building', 'program', 'models', 'all', 'complex', 'models', 'are', 'based', 'on', 'sequential', 'models', 'the', 'sequential', 'model', 'is', 'mapped', 'into', 'a', 'set', 'of', 'character', 'strings', 'and', 'its', 'deadlock', 'detection', 'problem', 'is', 'translated', 'into', 'an', 'equivalent', 'multiqueue', 'string', 'matching', 'problem', 'an', 'algorithm', 'is', 'devised', 'and', 'implemented', 'to', 'statically', 'detect', 'deadlocks', 'in', 'sequential', 'models', 'of', 'mpi', 'synchronization', 'communication', 'programs', 'the', 'time', 'and', 'space', 'complexity', 'of', 'the', 'algorithm', 'is', 'on', 'where', 'n', 'is', 'the', 'amount', 'of', 'message', 'in', 'model', 'the', 'algorithm', 'is', 'better', 'than', 'usual', 'circledetection', 'methods', 'and', 'can', 'adapt', 'well', 'to', 'dynamic', 'message', 'stream']] | [-0.17738980164082022, 0.028732720532279928, -0.08760671949014068, 0.11246391401509755, -0.08629650655202567, -0.2317800418729894, 0.06845939698629082, 0.3959926816634834, -0.3225496887927875, -0.3518237694585696, 0.12776309486129322, -0.21424276719801127, -0.11064419022994115, 0.16668332382570952, -0.0781134710041806, 0.10837605873995926, 0.07924963293131441, 0.05297210693359375, 0.005854034187213983, -0.2740820713248104, 0.22614715330768376, 0.06156462647020817, 0.2664338783104904, -0.000884492655750364, 0.0805269736982882, 0.027457586164964597, -0.023777053928934037, -0.004349335502192844, -0.013835743229137734, 0.07781825352227316, 0.28078825614138625, 0.29175720698200164, 0.25612673471681774, -0.4740430309437215, -0.16334538552444428, 0.1295624607335776, 0.16593664247076959, 0.14188904218142853, 0.04092978606699035, -0.29782395116984844, 0.11113323495723307, -0.13543623177567496, 0.02905180324334651, -0.04987570722587407, -0.026170672178268434, -0.03249985365313478, -0.272293336186558, -0.015501888543367386, 0.05381617566454224, 0.030059677604585885, -0.010152928536990657, -0.04684568318538368, 0.03323415328748524, 0.11536792389117181, 0.007084190165624022, 0.05765183271840215, 0.10409722540527583, -0.09837579852901399, -0.19635130948387086, 0.4376878361776471, -0.019810698608198438, -0.22126173002878205, 0.22047543196589686, 0.01909057514742017, -0.14538443541619928, 0.15363541471771897, 0.2363859293423593, 0.14661496862769127, -0.1635327780432999, 0.12468837273016106, -0.0029411291144788264, 0.24985228409990667, 0.029054467272944747, 0.0014710409753024578, 0.1767406902089715, 0.23229105012491347, 0.06235483407508582, 0.1685966584365815, -0.04101347991731018, -0.13929582657758147, -0.2242881468683481, -0.15247308507794513, -0.1539188587956596, -0.0944791795220226, -0.08728978016340988, -0.16011694918153807, 0.35124151445692403, 0.18169554604683072, 0.1343255422101356, 0.11834931478835642, 0.37932972975075246, 0.08400948276641429, 0.08735666157212109, 0.150324303698726, 0.10171675719320775, 0.0651898573897779, 0.07134725372307002, -0.19943236885708757, 0.14792346328496933, 0.08498425993137061] |
709.3694 | The coupling of dynamics and molecular chemistry in galaxies | While the best tracer of the molecular component and its dynamics in galaxies
is the CO molecule, which excitation is revealed by its isotopic and
(2-1)/(1-0) ratios, the denser gas is revealed by molecules such as HCN, HNC,
HCO+ or CN, which are now widely used to probe star formation regions, or to
quantify the impact of the nuclear activity on the interstellar medium.
This paper reviews recent observations in nearby galaxies, where these
molecular line ratios serve as diagnostic tools of the physical conditions of
the gas and also of its chemical properties. Those differ significantly
according to the proximity of an AGN or of a starburst. The origin of the
differences is not yet well known and could be due to different densities,
temperatures, chemical abundances or non-collisional excitation of the gas
(e.g. Aalto et al 2007, Krips et al 2007).
HCN or HNC line enhancements can be caused not only by higher gas
densities/temperatures, but also UV/X-ray radiation, and global IR pumping. The
chemistry can be dominated by PDR regions near a starburst, or X-ray dominated
in a molecular torus surrounding an AGN (XDR regions). The molecular line
ratios expected in those regions vary according to the different models
(Meijerink et al. 2007).
| astro-ph | while the best tracer of the molecular component and its dynamics in galaxies is the co molecule which excitation is revealed by its isotopic and 2110 ratios the denser gas is revealed by molecules such as hcn hnc hco or cn which are now widely used to probe star formation regions or to quantify the impact of the nuclear activity on the interstellar medium this paper reviews recent observations in nearby galaxies where these molecular line ratios serve as diagnostic tools of the physical conditions of the gas and also of its chemical properties those differ significantly according to the proximity of an agn or of a starburst the origin of the differences is not yet well known and could be due to different densities temperatures chemical abundances or noncollisional excitation of the gas eg aalto et al 2007 krips et al 2007 hcn or hnc line enhancements can be caused not only by higher gas densitiestemperatures but also uvxray radiation and global ir pumping the chemistry can be dominated by pdr regions near a starburst or xray dominated in a molecular torus surrounding an agn xdr regions the molecular line ratios expected in those regions vary according to the different models meijerink et al 2007 | [['while', 'the', 'best', 'tracer', 'of', 'the', 'molecular', 'component', 'and', 'its', 'dynamics', 'in', 'galaxies', 'is', 'the', 'co', 'molecule', 'which', 'excitation', 'is', 'revealed', 'by', 'its', 'isotopic', 'and', '2110', 'ratios', 'the', 'denser', 'gas', 'is', 'revealed', 'by', 'molecules', 'such', 'as', 'hcn', 'hnc', 'hco', 'or', 'cn', 'which', 'are', 'now', 'widely', 'used', 'to', 'probe', 'star', 'formation', 'regions', 'or', 'to', 'quantify', 'the', 'impact', 'of', 'the', 'nuclear', 'activity', 'on', 'the', 'interstellar', 'medium', 'this', 'paper', 'reviews', 'recent', 'observations', 'in', 'nearby', 'galaxies', 'where', 'these', 'molecular', 'line', 'ratios', 'serve', 'as', 'diagnostic', 'tools', 'of', 'the', 'physical', 'conditions', 'of', 'the', 'gas', 'and', 'also', 'of', 'its', 'chemical', 'properties', 'those', 'differ', 'significantly', 'according', 'to', 'the', 'proximity', 'of', 'an', 'agn', 'or', 'of', 'a', 'starburst', 'the', 'origin', 'of', 'the', 'differences', 'is', 'not', 'yet', 'well', 'known', 'and', 'could', 'be', 'due', 'to', 'different', 'densities', 'temperatures', 'chemical', 'abundances', 'or', 'noncollisional', 'excitation', 'of', 'the', 'gas', 'eg', 'aalto', 'et', 'al', '2007', 'krips', 'et', 'al', '2007', 'hcn', 'or', 'hnc', 'line', 'enhancements', 'can', 'be', 'caused', 'not', 'only', 'by', 'higher', 'gas', 'densitiestemperatures', 'but', 'also', 'uvxray', 'radiation', 'and', 'global', 'ir', 'pumping', 'the', 'chemistry', 'can', 'be', 'dominated', 'by', 'pdr', 'regions', 'near', 'a', 'starburst', 'or', 'xray', 'dominated', 'in', 'a', 'molecular', 'torus', 'surrounding', 'an', 'agn', 'xdr', 'regions', 'the', 'molecular', 'line', 'ratios', 'expected', 'in', 'those', 'regions', 'vary', 'according', 'to', 'the', 'different', 'models', 'meijerink', 'et', 'al', '2007']] | [-0.022603069994084794, 0.08433861696070147, -0.015756705830910524, 0.06179899487844003, -0.0195423804390992, -0.059430582416725566, 0.050167668433607614, 0.43119226709889075, -0.18300972048083108, -0.339029487965656, 0.044474039378167664, -0.2510569317637957, -0.06664585312736665, 0.13213011735288674, -0.018278159753974583, -0.05190092336450671, -0.029903332939660496, -0.12099960321942436, -0.0039381484794682765, -0.23262220063691802, 0.2809879237239988, 0.1475595872243637, 0.18418533605835377, 0.05338507121786695, -0.012154618764165423, -0.1620752834737888, -0.0729053434411183, -0.00923996730405078, -0.12930055856796469, 0.06280613559403736, 0.2581840245143817, 0.10037378167499572, 0.17495788462239828, -0.4302540968897411, -0.27393984516366876, 0.10239350099117711, 0.1913938663633663, 0.06300124027330446, -0.007427723241526647, -0.2810135513378922, -0.01180026682983772, -0.1763004118598438, -0.15697436558491012, 0.025652741692189514, 0.051298748091633976, 0.07805045914757089, -0.2487454636508755, 0.1144567278091649, 0.026639197011400252, 0.10621526478583296, -0.06350903703402178, -0.13508519398167804, -0.09962996921107503, 0.0909044977238521, -0.016336049569146752, 0.0804182997161495, 0.2917569958205734, -0.13906910454308422, -0.043446206702194706, 0.42542994799542017, -0.06780178896770836, -0.05765443571311023, 0.329658394165594, -0.16700460732538308, -0.18242207596541882, 0.1961348940081564, 0.09680803207419078, 0.11756009455160077, -0.14478453031277716, 0.0074203041071884265, -0.035593210154079964, 0.1854716503988089, 0.06630022833444948, 0.060853635928974366, 0.28634556498736363, 0.057039434145883715, 0.014923035444145829, 0.07947798093420733, -0.16711580656323205, -0.07777339699213609, -0.16148084715660202, -0.13057603673055182, -0.14244234148559753, 0.07037880410124282, -0.06441417221647167, -0.08134109627746798, 0.3058226501541625, 0.0568368552124192, 0.2586672395201666, -0.06871482048638444, 0.31420325252956943, 0.08783267011402605, 0.05535557291647098, 0.12441356856320879, 0.2946122821088963, 0.1660682335083047, 0.09945962943820273, -0.26861734873858356, 0.15136407461450918, 0.015503447165648485] |
709.3695 | Observations of 1ES 0647+250 and 1ES 0806+524 with VERITAS | Observations of the blazars 1ES 0647+250 and 1ES 0806+524 with VERITAS are
reported here. These objects are among the favoured candidate extragalactic
sources in the very high-energy regime due to the presence of high-energy
electrons and adequate seed photons. The presence of high-energy electrons is
established from the location of the synrchrotron peak in the spectral energy
distribution of the blazars. The presence of adequate seed photons is
determined by the flux in the radio-through-optical wavebands. These are the
key ingredients for very high-energy gamma-ray emission in the context of the
synchrotron self-Compton model. The redshift of 1ES 0647+250 has been
tentatively reported as 0.203 and the redshift of 1ES 0806+524 is 0.138, thus
the detection of very high-energy gamma-ray emission from these objects could
make significant contributions to the understanding of the extragalactic
infrared background light. The analysis of these data relies on standard
techniques in very high-energy gamma-ray astronomy, and the results are
compared to previously reported upper limits and to theoretical predictions.
| astro-ph | observations of the blazars 1es 0647250 and 1es 0806524 with veritas are reported here these objects are among the favoured candidate extragalactic sources in the very highenergy regime due to the presence of highenergy electrons and adequate seed photons the presence of highenergy electrons is established from the location of the synrchrotron peak in the spectral energy distribution of the blazars the presence of adequate seed photons is determined by the flux in the radiothroughoptical wavebands these are the key ingredients for very highenergy gammaray emission in the context of the synchrotron selfcompton model the redshift of 1es 0647250 has been tentatively reported as 0203 and the redshift of 1es 0806524 is 0138 thus the detection of very highenergy gammaray emission from these objects could make significant contributions to the understanding of the extragalactic infrared background light the analysis of these data relies on standard techniques in very highenergy gammaray astronomy and the results are compared to previously reported upper limits and to theoretical predictions | [['observations', 'of', 'the', 'blazars', '1es', '0647250', 'and', '1es', '0806524', 'with', 'veritas', 'are', 'reported', 'here', 'these', 'objects', 'are', 'among', 'the', 'favoured', 'candidate', 'extragalactic', 'sources', 'in', 'the', 'very', 'highenergy', 'regime', 'due', 'to', 'the', 'presence', 'of', 'highenergy', 'electrons', 'and', 'adequate', 'seed', 'photons', 'the', 'presence', 'of', 'highenergy', 'electrons', 'is', 'established', 'from', 'the', 'location', 'of', 'the', 'synrchrotron', 'peak', 'in', 'the', 'spectral', 'energy', 'distribution', 'of', 'the', 'blazars', 'the', 'presence', 'of', 'adequate', 'seed', 'photons', 'is', 'determined', 'by', 'the', 'flux', 'in', 'the', 'radiothroughoptical', 'wavebands', 'these', 'are', 'the', 'key', 'ingredients', 'for', 'very', 'highenergy', 'gammaray', 'emission', 'in', 'the', 'context', 'of', 'the', 'synchrotron', 'selfcompton', 'model', 'the', 'redshift', 'of', '1es', '0647250', 'has', 'been', 'tentatively', 'reported', 'as', '0203', 'and', 'the', 'redshift', 'of', '1es', '0806524', 'is', '0138', 'thus', 'the', 'detection', 'of', 'very', 'highenergy', 'gammaray', 'emission', 'from', 'these', 'objects', 'could', 'make', 'significant', 'contributions', 'to', 'the', 'understanding', 'of', 'the', 'extragalactic', 'infrared', 'background', 'light', 'the', 'analysis', 'of', 'these', 'data', 'relies', 'on', 'standard', 'techniques', 'in', 'very', 'highenergy', 'gammaray', 'astronomy', 'and', 'the', 'results', 'are', 'compared', 'to', 'previously', 'reported', 'upper', 'limits', 'and', 'to', 'theoretical', 'predictions']] | [-0.01968879789182562, 0.16760811571601744, -0.056973485981736995, 0.17704729398675378, -0.10608099285010363, -0.08597714215105662, 0.018717954820879033, 0.453632916552386, -0.1254687589261841, -0.3969480196196883, 0.024111273526385472, -0.3265556048707568, 0.02506157942973306, 0.2629149664290524, -0.02090647295288787, 0.005620842262462605, 0.058303884069858106, -0.08876685407641201, 0.0664056942420026, -0.17913655069959492, 0.26600713522510566, 0.18762877631498262, 0.248668378147588, 0.046076528482321945, 0.06375547863351627, -0.059503891726704373, -0.10167297220680337, -0.09820068200215971, -0.04114114350290752, 0.09721196849939008, 0.2664088210365249, 0.07808206423094348, 0.1464951499043878, -0.32883575815776006, -0.25495804340130096, 0.10955639513198034, 0.14639633911393263, 0.011638618485739261, -0.0409896737707356, -0.33141234438249306, 0.02980078417847813, -0.13924483893627723, -0.16151511436328292, 0.06077747130509397, -0.014142231827178981, 0.0427821930697862, -0.17817207146150293, 0.09056153094418849, 0.018472697247288252, 0.03251754473505593, -0.12580691273695577, -0.10155192151254305, -0.019998719761479485, 0.07585108569291837, 0.14724535862108168, 0.04301051539511768, 0.11400590155365094, -0.189832341034491, -0.14403931822833474, 0.41035175277777247, -0.03595566759428775, 0.00184040592267018, 0.21338601612651642, -0.21711300012649842, -0.24211736585933463, 0.20803620148038754, 0.13853026002622637, 0.1150112281286692, -0.1711926794685195, 0.06647546417353942, -0.017885975453979765, 0.16941788748043812, 0.01661702351176117, 0.12215696324657169, 0.2859723355301136, 0.14133019188841794, -0.04302439374700646, 0.11048753891123082, -0.2752107119779074, 0.02567930263467133, -0.3068172608193673, -0.03185011892853751, -0.19677906556546323, 0.10949283592978584, -0.0914157440344356, -0.11721313265087997, 0.4125602260243399, 0.12455471477648415, 0.1744503530465135, -0.013395109802393093, 0.29868262674819474, 0.10446609148917795, 0.0484893061077805, 0.09859166959974847, 0.41302124761756326, 0.128181973896475, 0.10797906096201916, -0.1521956223038888, 0.07987356137918548, -0.01598980241780815] |
709.3696 | DAFNE Status and Upgrade Plans | The Frascati Phi-factory DAFNE has successfully completed experimental runs
for the three main detectors, KLOE, FINUDA and DEAR. The best peak luminosity
achieved so far is 1.6x10^32 cm-2s-1, while the best daily integrated
luminosity is 10 pb-1. At present the DAFNE team is preparing an upgrade of the
collider based on the novel crab waist collision scheme. The upgrade is aimed
at pushing the luminosity towards 10^33 cm-2s-1. In this paper we describe
present collider performance and discuss ongoing preparatory work for the
upgrade.
| physics.acc-ph | the frascati phifactory dafne has successfully completed experimental runs for the three main detectors kloe finuda and dear the best peak luminosity achieved so far is 16x1032 cm2s1 while the best daily integrated luminosity is 10 pb1 at present the dafne team is preparing an upgrade of the collider based on the novel crab waist collision scheme the upgrade is aimed at pushing the luminosity towards 1033 cm2s1 in this paper we describe present collider performance and discuss ongoing preparatory work for the upgrade | [['the', 'frascati', 'phifactory', 'dafne', 'has', 'successfully', 'completed', 'experimental', 'runs', 'for', 'the', 'three', 'main', 'detectors', 'kloe', 'finuda', 'and', 'dear', 'the', 'best', 'peak', 'luminosity', 'achieved', 'so', 'far', 'is', '16x1032', 'cm2s1', 'while', 'the', 'best', 'daily', 'integrated', 'luminosity', 'is', '10', 'pb1', 'at', 'present', 'the', 'dafne', 'team', 'is', 'preparing', 'an', 'upgrade', 'of', 'the', 'collider', 'based', 'on', 'the', 'novel', 'crab', 'waist', 'collision', 'scheme', 'the', 'upgrade', 'is', 'aimed', 'at', 'pushing', 'the', 'luminosity', 'towards', '1033', 'cm2s1', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'describe', 'present', 'collider', 'performance', 'and', 'discuss', 'ongoing', 'preparatory', 'work', 'for', 'the', 'upgrade']] | [-0.03617240545194013, 0.09277456381210232, -0.08647235859948468, 0.05484895708729479, -0.06330509332334061, -0.12989085597401284, -0.04123766003709556, 0.42199098444487676, -0.07704781180146678, -0.3759730668010538, 0.10875835830586995, -0.35391239627791815, 0.09623865771993816, 0.22935655899345875, 0.004899332872854023, 0.17542188206171416, 0.155435922712716, -0.061250288712691114, -0.024004633544035345, -0.2730608376034771, 0.20786622561604143, 0.25518540142620183, 0.2920806529337024, 0.09956540525273745, 0.15604060316592994, -0.047074146462178015, -0.04490777855761439, -0.16967340805062867, -0.09538775720599904, 0.04727571652023997, 0.35191416412771465, 0.17854779113241168, 0.2465550502964172, -0.37351693572050115, -0.0013062352432409324, 0.091720122742994, 0.12880713520683798, -0.017759151450997913, -0.06467678445161332, -0.3010008668369917, 0.057932985946536064, -0.2632271646555648, -0.17489305141954178, 0.08658151410475194, 0.053223905849259304, -0.08206579449421064, -0.2305556699319417, -0.08526680727365864, -0.05911102749025786, 0.1210635145901736, -0.015347472347139594, -0.22705342755260238, 0.08306747737778239, -0.03375157196052283, -0.015463187987635652, 0.13634742206069136, 0.18854003860783505, -0.09916193302754447, -0.18921947359466498, 0.2985211237856532, -0.013756143585610461, 0.0487149888369064, 0.14828610339437623, -0.19699459143701087, -0.15302078194736715, 0.13658013062394528, 0.23957295298957862, 0.009766561223238886, -0.25105024373764734, 0.06915160482440773, 0.014037262423928961, 0.1899911195140736, 0.06767466125437563, -0.0014076265113719974, 0.2235486185183771, 0.36440395061151093, 0.09914100289636527, 0.14172817249810435, -0.15569707574827754, 0.032511948534927095, -0.44744456286755313, -0.09681164051394865, -0.09157048939749689, 0.0368993330342942, 0.05776084912975925, 0.07083836115941584, 0.4099743972934908, 0.17246562363692078, 0.22726182768637515, 0.027319120029997396, 0.34271119105214454, 0.09895035134157143, 0.047481926414044015, 0.07683462788826359, 0.39214952566088684, 0.030789796606615096, 0.2215585016494011, -0.2679299076581486, 0.04742029000140996, 0.04423468646380198] |
709.3697 | On the harmonic oscillator on the Lobachevsky plane | We introduce the harmonic oscillator on the Lobachevsky plane with the aid of
the potential $V(r)=(a^2\omega^2/4)sinh(r/a)^2$ where $a$ is the curvature
radius and $r$ is the geodesic distance from a fixed center. Thus the potential
is rotationally symmetric and unbounded likewise as in the Euclidean case. The
eigenvalue equation leads to the differential equation of spheroidal functions.
We provide a basic numerical analysis of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions in the
case when the value of the angular momentum, $m$, equals 0.
| math-ph math.MP | we introduce the harmonic oscillator on the lobachevsky plane with the aid of the potential vra2omega24sinhra2 where a is the curvature radius and r is the geodesic distance from a fixed center thus the potential is rotationally symmetric and unbounded likewise as in the euclidean case the eigenvalue equation leads to the differential equation of spheroidal functions we provide a basic numerical analysis of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions in the case when the value of the angular momentum m equals 0 | [['we', 'introduce', 'the', 'harmonic', 'oscillator', 'on', 'the', 'lobachevsky', 'plane', 'with', 'the', 'aid', 'of', 'the', 'potential', 'vra2omega24sinhra2', 'where', 'a', 'is', 'the', 'curvature', 'radius', 'and', 'r', 'is', 'the', 'geodesic', 'distance', 'from', 'a', 'fixed', 'center', 'thus', 'the', 'potential', 'is', 'rotationally', 'symmetric', 'and', 'unbounded', 'likewise', 'as', 'in', 'the', 'euclidean', 'case', 'the', 'eigenvalue', 'equation', 'leads', 'to', 'the', 'differential', 'equation', 'of', 'spheroidal', 'functions', 'we', 'provide', 'a', 'basic', 'numerical', 'analysis', 'of', 'eigenvalues', 'and', 'eigenfunctions', 'in', 'the', 'case', 'when', 'the', 'value', 'of', 'the', 'angular', 'momentum', 'm', 'equals', '0']] | [-0.1571021186883408, 0.06424603014712847, -0.08795792653072107, 0.028275494362062573, -0.07787392962476404, -0.09382629041453894, -0.026417574130552762, 0.3138026422997819, -0.2540174117665502, -0.21556478715207003, 0.10496528267188446, -0.3319044135558077, -0.1284171908038751, 0.16575587263531227, -0.01487653779125289, 0.05517839393991081, 0.051787724070062366, 0.11168564589365527, -0.0794463831448008, -0.1590092668009191, 0.3945841100538456, 0.03176236868234752, 0.17657178239248505, 0.05210149580542045, 0.08142702110536114, 0.01636875116065899, 0.010752788892228015, -0.011496987806845315, -0.1795271342219431, 0.10652743502744014, 0.17257247403075424, 0.054683436828229244, 0.2642027015386656, -0.36248330049263905, -0.16201372107467318, 0.15253487479271768, 0.14763825507009332, 0.06722723068838904, -0.03374820443819265, -0.25990297677749885, 0.04924139756520715, -0.1025598650751046, -0.23078789779197284, -0.0068733696295302125, 0.08077910649177583, 0.06289297734575841, -0.2469260583549172, 0.13448363330946128, 0.08336397951551347, 0.029747061478563503, -0.09755148888341611, -0.1276671331187215, -0.06783642392912054, 0.08140169039753242, 0.03214181865612634, 0.05584321600750466, 0.07475978002848127, -0.07150397883563102, -0.03336965089923219, 0.4146840225645824, -0.07960647065781906, -0.31930075548117676, 0.09571001952796986, -0.2031522391517234, -0.023239617560153143, 0.07663632451727562, 0.16628419630866073, 0.156162684618295, -0.07724814565909019, 0.2032414574973297, -0.026257021398330697, 0.12230663741143019, 0.08599588225442398, -0.026017797403509103, 0.18537556344666814, 0.08406799950023901, 0.14071693052714573, 0.15750275948379613, -0.10510558641775028, -0.12392382212963156, -0.353892813660676, -0.1906044821422901, -0.22646500130885433, 0.10340132135927348, -0.1548756118976184, -0.1549720209846391, 0.3968789550133898, 0.04363235608155874, 0.22698520056761895, 0.0633777087389291, 0.2899552829728662, 0.18245031940308695, 0.04442459476899497, 0.08784430089135524, 0.23016550127841248, 0.1931995876911509, 0.09564607460169663, -0.23295793655517075, -0.052891521136971965, 0.09757255767531033] |
709.3698 | Miscellaneous Applications of Quons | This paper deals with quon algebras or deformed oscillator algebras, for
which the deformation parameter is a root of unity. We show the interest of
such algebras for fractional supersymmetric quantum mechanics, angular momentum
theory and quantum information. More precisely, quon algebras are used for (i)
a realization of a generalized Weyl-Heisenberg algebra from which it is
possible to associate a fractional supersymmetric dynamical system, (ii) a
polar decomposition of SU_2 and (iii) a construction of mutually unbiased bases
in Hilbert spaces of prime dimension. We also briefly discuss (symmetric
informationally complete) positive operator valued measures in the spirit of
(iii).
| quant-ph math-ph math.MP | this paper deals with quon algebras or deformed oscillator algebras for which the deformation parameter is a root of unity we show the interest of such algebras for fractional supersymmetric quantum mechanics angular momentum theory and quantum information more precisely quon algebras are used for i a realization of a generalized weylheisenberg algebra from which it is possible to associate a fractional supersymmetric dynamical system ii a polar decomposition of su_2 and iii a construction of mutually unbiased bases in hilbert spaces of prime dimension we also briefly discuss symmetric informationally complete positive operator valued measures in the spirit of iii | [['this', 'paper', 'deals', 'with', 'quon', 'algebras', 'or', 'deformed', 'oscillator', 'algebras', 'for', 'which', 'the', 'deformation', 'parameter', 'is', 'a', 'root', 'of', 'unity', 'we', 'show', 'the', 'interest', 'of', 'such', 'algebras', 'for', 'fractional', 'supersymmetric', 'quantum', 'mechanics', 'angular', 'momentum', 'theory', 'and', 'quantum', 'information', 'more', 'precisely', 'quon', 'algebras', 'are', 'used', 'for', 'i', 'a', 'realization', 'of', 'a', 'generalized', 'weylheisenberg', 'algebra', 'from', 'which', 'it', 'is', 'possible', 'to', 'associate', 'a', 'fractional', 'supersymmetric', 'dynamical', 'system', 'ii', 'a', 'polar', 'decomposition', 'of', 'su_2', 'and', 'iii', 'a', 'construction', 'of', 'mutually', 'unbiased', 'bases', 'in', 'hilbert', 'spaces', 'of', 'prime', 'dimension', 'we', 'also', 'briefly', 'discuss', 'symmetric', 'informationally', 'complete', 'positive', 'operator', 'valued', 'measures', 'in', 'the', 'spirit', 'of', 'iii']] | [-0.12892858287444026, 0.1356233269308168, -0.062137239308345436, 0.09052209958715346, -0.10179388750399841, -0.18457273473285396, -0.05891634613312412, 0.3225689355726584, -0.2887672805550075, -0.1492291199778769, 0.11493791052656673, -0.25479826091392205, -0.1809159530128472, 0.16344778517049063, -0.13471460992949877, 0.02119126585588818, 0.030694796791355505, 0.11556374994198801, -0.14542852517155155, -0.21085385279268912, 0.39929669336093093, 0.02001654302429334, 0.2070596188694091, -0.044912827196577104, 0.13275710996793638, 0.04752598942884493, -0.051131119269250645, 0.017548832479901244, -0.17281511088482815, 0.15898088848974445, 0.2944006692101755, 0.09929090914648432, 0.23385400575871515, -0.3313009947270966, -0.11860464805348703, 0.17409263820488854, 0.1418651434187178, 0.0910247714044918, -0.038189101538483726, -0.26841567540633504, 0.0030250708471135338, -0.24267502711846098, -0.1735619504078485, -0.09373036847163987, 0.0778823648982838, -0.05479451469929501, -0.2901285822032997, 0.07910258215961581, 0.08776541276792257, 0.11175980054920927, -0.0716763665279521, -0.10922731054222931, -0.051942729810713836, 0.009776410223722531, -0.09826459670854308, -0.0014671223759097924, 0.10965055067467937, -0.08346936122588075, -0.21995183834713875, 0.36157921293639755, 0.026393149510869702, -0.2772278863623148, 0.10530337145422945, -0.19090413729577224, -0.18336656602505264, 0.06257838557824713, 0.10400135472582855, 0.1311505357734859, -0.07449137560543742, 0.176929637428954, -0.07084690969400477, 0.0766778684320334, 0.06336312433520314, 0.09008465201068337, 0.19160511798345217, 0.09044994205457739, 0.07505434674054089, 0.13559766338750867, 0.026213177765655047, -0.12974920150787006, -0.37637062013001726, -0.23852113818105466, -0.14870643372287845, 0.14432108109023903, -0.09370890073910457, -0.20408801679351912, 0.3824959713596814, 0.10065960856892242, 0.14769795515556072, 0.06634857824837587, 0.1965081830979279, 0.08931827141285532, 0.07805770519420062, -0.0012204632587214507, 0.15520937748179578, 0.25088200989262305, 0.05106597211175036, -0.16876627277758083, -0.08733567486789151, 0.164243575881724] |
709.3699 | Flatness-based pre-compensation of laser diodes | A physical nonlinear dynamical model of a laser diode is considered. We
propose a feed-forward control scheme based on differential flatness for the
design of input-current modulations to compensate diode distortions. The goal
is to transform without distortion a radio-frequency current modulation into a
light modulation leaving the laser-diode and entering an optic fiber. We prove
that standard physical dynamical models based on dynamical electron and photons
balance are flat systems when the current is considered as control input, the
flat output being the photon number (proportional to the light power). We prove
that input-current is an affine map of the flat output, its logarithm and their
time-derivatives up to order two. When the flat output is an almost harmonic
signal with slowly varying amplitude and phase, these derivatives admit precise
analytic approximations. It is then possible to design simple analogue
electronic circuits to code approximations of the nonlinear computations
required by our flatness-based approach. Simulations with the parameters of a
commercial diode illustrate the practical interest of this pre-compensation
scheme and its robustness versus modelling and analogue implementation errors.
| math.OC | a physical nonlinear dynamical model of a laser diode is considered we propose a feedforward control scheme based on differential flatness for the design of inputcurrent modulations to compensate diode distortions the goal is to transform without distortion a radiofrequency current modulation into a light modulation leaving the laserdiode and entering an optic fiber we prove that standard physical dynamical models based on dynamical electron and photons balance are flat systems when the current is considered as control input the flat output being the photon number proportional to the light power we prove that inputcurrent is an affine map of the flat output its logarithm and their timederivatives up to order two when the flat output is an almost harmonic signal with slowly varying amplitude and phase these derivatives admit precise analytic approximations it is then possible to design simple analogue electronic circuits to code approximations of the nonlinear computations required by our flatnessbased approach simulations with the parameters of a commercial diode illustrate the practical interest of this precompensation scheme and its robustness versus modelling and analogue implementation errors | [['a', 'physical', 'nonlinear', 'dynamical', 'model', 'of', 'a', 'laser', 'diode', 'is', 'considered', 'we', 'propose', 'a', 'feedforward', 'control', 'scheme', 'based', 'on', 'differential', 'flatness', 'for', 'the', 'design', 'of', 'inputcurrent', 'modulations', 'to', 'compensate', 'diode', 'distortions', 'the', 'goal', 'is', 'to', 'transform', 'without', 'distortion', 'a', 'radiofrequency', 'current', 'modulation', 'into', 'a', 'light', 'modulation', 'leaving', 'the', 'laserdiode', 'and', 'entering', 'an', 'optic', 'fiber', 'we', 'prove', 'that', 'standard', 'physical', 'dynamical', 'models', 'based', 'on', 'dynamical', 'electron', 'and', 'photons', 'balance', 'are', 'flat', 'systems', 'when', 'the', 'current', 'is', 'considered', 'as', 'control', 'input', 'the', 'flat', 'output', 'being', 'the', 'photon', 'number', 'proportional', 'to', 'the', 'light', 'power', 'we', 'prove', 'that', 'inputcurrent', 'is', 'an', 'affine', 'map', 'of', 'the', 'flat', 'output', 'its', 'logarithm', 'and', 'their', 'timederivatives', 'up', 'to', 'order', 'two', 'when', 'the', 'flat', 'output', 'is', 'an', 'almost', 'harmonic', 'signal', 'with', 'slowly', 'varying', 'amplitude', 'and', 'phase', 'these', 'derivatives', 'admit', 'precise', 'analytic', 'approximations', 'it', 'is', 'then', 'possible', 'to', 'design', 'simple', 'analogue', 'electronic', 'circuits', 'to', 'code', 'approximations', 'of', 'the', 'nonlinear', 'computations', 'required', 'by', 'our', 'flatnessbased', 'approach', 'simulations', 'with', 'the', 'parameters', 'of', 'a', 'commercial', 'diode', 'illustrate', 'the', 'practical', 'interest', 'of', 'this', 'precompensation', 'scheme', 'and', 'its', 'robustness', 'versus', 'modelling', 'and', 'analogue', 'implementation', 'errors']] | [-0.15113665121136588, 0.096625797881786, -0.07467139602031851, 0.0301928805413635, -0.0870489390106516, -0.17743008169986496, 0.03409776786928264, 0.4115241028661473, -0.28491222052416354, -0.2721273533168008, 0.10515244832469067, -0.24355645516489663, -0.15134957241250224, 0.24392735580992206, -0.08825378496267865, 0.09494794919508708, -0.006140534593357464, -0.005709294143415401, -0.058101886299339364, -0.2116540858085173, 0.2843855161041942, 0.07233540415816177, 0.29552108977837593, -0.008222926498307019, 0.15543568938489208, -0.0005554756322310547, -0.007371632714842163, -0.04312480576179419, -0.09605148593475585, 0.09766659620505747, 0.20928173248334073, 0.05908728476477724, 0.24857928670335855, -0.40955514145041866, -0.22932704280685173, 0.08888332680812147, 0.09872305400216994, 0.12119173252002828, -0.04890255560559545, -0.2349953396308623, 0.06565058549730045, -0.15300743827423646, -0.1326430504271771, -0.06979992589651701, -0.010117495840603716, 0.050485454457864336, -0.2848239801091592, 0.007518037350513459, 0.0512202948194816, 0.025385912643808326, -0.04964280775499666, -0.047914490017391155, -0.03464289404729151, 0.0932339554246426, -0.015127478512123376, 0.03286137835258681, 0.14822131501552596, -0.09875943602894674, -0.10742239105211718, 0.3751275737958259, -0.06832404258619115, -0.23128404118790385, 0.11976932977807572, -0.1073364781744234, -0.02827877555241327, 0.14264478827460428, 0.17203153448514222, 0.07745609061499492, -0.1189994981953563, 0.06426386480557136, 0.03688513860629683, 0.22849189788639399, 0.05774258106706266, 0.06950089910454797, 0.19178625964298007, 0.1727777532474504, 0.06790279839684915, 0.14238595970895854, -0.07601722335430475, -0.08854026884053771, -0.3068134047227043, -0.11338732404610811, -0.1384806182716837, 0.06596407890215181, -0.10040365145466515, -0.18300718991504458, 0.4181151857765655, 0.136057023487441, 0.15568449673650975, 0.05357337046121614, 0.4044893381520687, 0.16951145712819912, 0.041334864504248156, 0.0386846492543105, 0.2396234424727226, 0.1667603832588458, 0.073061170291909, -0.23462318181154435, 0.02737115449376739, 0.03306734323334158] |
709.37 | Orientation dependence of the optical spectra in graphene at high
frequencies | On the basis of the Kubo formula we evaluated the optical conductivity of a
graphene sheet. The full behavior of frequency as well as temperature
dependence of the optical conductivity is presented. We show that the
anisotropy of conductivity can be significantly enhanced at high frequencies.
The photon absorption depends on the field polarization direction. At the
frequency comparable to the maximum separation of upper and lower bands the
photon-induced conduction of electrons is strongly suppressed if the
polarization of field is along the zigzag direction. The corresponding optical
conductivity is several orders of magnitude weaker than that when the light is
polarizing along the armchair direction. We propose that the property of
orientation selection of absorption in the graphene can be used as a basis for
a high-frequency partial polarizer.
| cond-mat.mes-hall | on the basis of the kubo formula we evaluated the optical conductivity of a graphene sheet the full behavior of frequency as well as temperature dependence of the optical conductivity is presented we show that the anisotropy of conductivity can be significantly enhanced at high frequencies the photon absorption depends on the field polarization direction at the frequency comparable to the maximum separation of upper and lower bands the photoninduced conduction of electrons is strongly suppressed if the polarization of field is along the zigzag direction the corresponding optical conductivity is several orders of magnitude weaker than that when the light is polarizing along the armchair direction we propose that the property of orientation selection of absorption in the graphene can be used as a basis for a highfrequency partial polarizer | [['on', 'the', 'basis', 'of', 'the', 'kubo', 'formula', 'we', 'evaluated', 'the', 'optical', 'conductivity', 'of', 'a', 'graphene', 'sheet', 'the', 'full', 'behavior', 'of', 'frequency', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'temperature', 'dependence', 'of', 'the', 'optical', 'conductivity', 'is', 'presented', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'anisotropy', 'of', 'conductivity', 'can', 'be', 'significantly', 'enhanced', 'at', 'high', 'frequencies', 'the', 'photon', 'absorption', 'depends', 'on', 'the', 'field', 'polarization', 'direction', 'at', 'the', 'frequency', 'comparable', 'to', 'the', 'maximum', 'separation', 'of', 'upper', 'and', 'lower', 'bands', 'the', 'photoninduced', 'conduction', 'of', 'electrons', 'is', 'strongly', 'suppressed', 'if', 'the', 'polarization', 'of', 'field', 'is', 'along', 'the', 'zigzag', 'direction', 'the', 'corresponding', 'optical', 'conductivity', 'is', 'several', 'orders', 'of', 'magnitude', 'weaker', 'than', 'that', 'when', 'the', 'light', 'is', 'polarizing', 'along', 'the', 'armchair', 'direction', 'we', 'propose', 'that', 'the', 'property', 'of', 'orientation', 'selection', 'of', 'absorption', 'in', 'the', 'graphene', 'can', 'be', 'used', 'as', 'a', 'basis', 'for', 'a', 'highfrequency', 'partial', 'polarizer']] | [-0.1611383998560371, 0.1699355075567719, -0.04467228747093837, -0.015138158008619744, -0.06729870459965949, -0.09097049596456398, 0.04203063997489805, 0.44610892808534036, -0.284830228951653, -0.23856026137546274, 0.06488522915578383, -0.2870149675842005, -0.0807449804007552, 0.2393229222707166, 0.041521000767389724, -0.008477726862374836, -0.00955341746390776, -0.012015138617681184, -0.053514451359021865, -0.18634076139050756, 0.24423621752733038, 0.07199482931862124, 0.35158742239826735, 0.11671586119292574, 0.05598737603010795, 0.05228334607712867, 0.055568597684721, 0.06774810645800397, -0.08079006014404444, 0.08881905945089028, 0.18968431389968815, -0.04841235791908876, 0.17690075878124997, -0.39346051319921743, -0.17980776774832083, 0.02176221422069059, 0.15378634380585451, 0.13826541048083596, 0.005377231498128017, -0.19915083055704377, 0.05291228799526189, -0.0980428553771544, -0.14672395149121445, -0.01310865472707158, 0.025106657566573782, 0.01809765096888913, -0.2534427728063164, 0.12238226249415911, 0.04397997304260418, 0.0642670916163679, -0.07928123009455113, -0.16132099885948514, -0.10831912039807563, 0.051440211303775615, 0.05465486599487885, 0.04615374568508554, 0.18779006629883674, -0.14771568805391666, -0.10426916427579744, 0.38883111569035145, -0.13367252857995288, -0.12958674836647874, 0.12974181124684578, -0.21918744495038994, -0.019079499902871958, 0.1754801351690793, 0.1482430788268911, 0.1208137963002704, -0.1055741559271745, 0.049070760968073716, -0.03467301368884003, 0.17721252672317375, 0.09693461257736874, 0.10156217567224539, 0.228827896634586, 0.16378826000158966, 0.09593175862069803, 0.16798804020455804, -0.15559125622336306, 0.05037603068044622, -0.26238617577540285, -0.16709178460776122, -0.21970541653657005, 0.05716810735362006, -0.12178977610170574, -0.16504278830217042, 0.4684235748074209, 0.1755909367130344, 0.18042420812008034, -0.0014057232507767568, 0.321226644379492, 0.22367413144093007, 0.08377038170619093, 0.048622472926206486, 0.31508986774888886, 0.16912054761583056, 0.09416021718039312, -0.2819732681755687, 0.07538553384196667, 0.008056000134559305] |
709.3701 | Controlled coupling of counterpropagating whispering-gallery modes by a
single Rayleigh scatterer: a classical problem in a quantum optical light | We present experiments where a single subwavelength scatterer is used to
examine and control the back-scattering induced coupling between
counterpropagating high-Q modes of a microsphere resonator. Our measurements
reveal the standing wave character of the resulting symmetric and antisymmetric
eigenmodes, their unbalanced intensity distributions, and the coherent nature
of their coupling. We discuss our findings and the underlying classical physics
in the framework common to quantum optics and provide a particularly intuitive
explanation of the central processes.
| quant-ph | we present experiments where a single subwavelength scatterer is used to examine and control the backscattering induced coupling between counterpropagating highq modes of a microsphere resonator our measurements reveal the standing wave character of the resulting symmetric and antisymmetric eigenmodes their unbalanced intensity distributions and the coherent nature of their coupling we discuss our findings and the underlying classical physics in the framework common to quantum optics and provide a particularly intuitive explanation of the central processes | [['we', 'present', 'experiments', 'where', 'a', 'single', 'subwavelength', 'scatterer', 'is', 'used', 'to', 'examine', 'and', 'control', 'the', 'backscattering', 'induced', 'coupling', 'between', 'counterpropagating', 'highq', 'modes', 'of', 'a', 'microsphere', 'resonator', 'our', 'measurements', 'reveal', 'the', 'standing', 'wave', 'character', 'of', 'the', 'resulting', 'symmetric', 'and', 'antisymmetric', 'eigenmodes', 'their', 'unbalanced', 'intensity', 'distributions', 'and', 'the', 'coherent', 'nature', 'of', 'their', 'coupling', 'we', 'discuss', 'our', 'findings', 'and', 'the', 'underlying', 'classical', 'physics', 'in', 'the', 'framework', 'common', 'to', 'quantum', 'optics', 'and', 'provide', 'a', 'particularly', 'intuitive', 'explanation', 'of', 'the', 'central', 'processes']] | [-0.17372640417042104, 0.16839501148017197, -0.09605484643902679, 0.03915173230335939, -0.08195397780917875, -0.14505797032532947, 0.0389741653177355, 0.3961054648381549, -0.25924887382969647, -0.25959145692600444, 0.02100643930448727, -0.2650621420183739, -0.18282973056949384, 0.18278380181918574, 0.03346412907529912, 0.05547318297934223, 0.033587868700360325, -0.039044250739819986, -0.0008816293988062383, -0.10513140001912925, 0.3080313571656195, 0.05747222961319683, 0.3433644595592246, 0.07758123534368713, 0.11526801896450872, 0.03586160319981274, -0.004353443596076655, -0.05446440114506653, -0.10617445071844699, 0.16518899844354623, 0.2535282637887671, 0.03693420068034298, 0.23582550760527904, -0.47379418377849186, -0.18771579699566612, 0.025816456076096405, 0.11866337608420532, 0.14720557634900142, -0.08864211471291719, -0.3312184969809922, 0.0009163641673210379, -0.09500268870940456, -0.16546494678243415, -0.0644359769384292, -0.018889976363000157, 0.008683035707300795, -0.26777575250303787, 0.05897051682272418, 0.10166425904404226, 0.02703775984972909, -0.0311064104210924, -0.032668773750109334, 0.0019313997933762027, 0.09379064653963819, -0.003944248370765769, -0.039499977887789535, 0.15303692434515273, -0.14572302710685225, -0.14829056648319805, 0.3994487388930344, -0.04913426659299762, -0.17603642705150627, 0.21930072151197047, -0.18195202484630146, 0.01729976384622323, 0.07995851865255987, 0.19875370430481898, 0.10287850451135597, -0.06859127663124304, 0.0188500247555543, -0.0399008090968785, 0.1681799012184893, 0.08679960664156099, 0.12682669050991535, 0.24978982255334495, 0.1676768288046557, -0.01087467937258544, 0.16456098049008228, -0.1202984094580442, -0.08777362435629785, -0.31084788641469047, -0.11405187349935825, -0.15736797369726294, 0.034342026931208004, -0.08233420091719736, -0.1715004624581182, 0.4327935464135915, 0.15162716137302748, 0.17978359400234245, -0.04392196051776409, 0.29809515889395366, 0.13407611034284406, 0.03404406245870443, 0.014723462240117323, 0.3236505222543106, 0.22649976686127, 0.06009661458589911, -0.3133673261330983, -0.013881757722369261, -0.04223350717311169] |
709.3702 | The Chow rings of the algebraic groups E_6, E_7, and E_8 | We determine the Chow rings of the complex algebraic groups of the
exceptional type E_6, E_7, and E_8, giving the explicit generators represented
by the pull-back images of Schubert varieties of the corresponding flag
varieties. This is a continuation of the work of R. Marlin on the computation
of the Chow rings of SO_n, Spin_n, G_2, and F_4. Our method is based on
Schubert calculus of the corresponding flag varieties, which has its own
interest.
| math.AT math.AG | we determine the chow rings of the complex algebraic groups of the exceptional type e_6 e_7 and e_8 giving the explicit generators represented by the pullback images of schubert varieties of the corresponding flag varieties this is a continuation of the work of r marlin on the computation of the chow rings of so_n spin_n g_2 and f_4 our method is based on schubert calculus of the corresponding flag varieties which has its own interest | [['we', 'determine', 'the', 'chow', 'rings', 'of', 'the', 'complex', 'algebraic', 'groups', 'of', 'the', 'exceptional', 'type', 'e_6', 'e_7', 'and', 'e_8', 'giving', 'the', 'explicit', 'generators', 'represented', 'by', 'the', 'pullback', 'images', 'of', 'schubert', 'varieties', 'of', 'the', 'corresponding', 'flag', 'varieties', 'this', 'is', 'a', 'continuation', 'of', 'the', 'work', 'of', 'r', 'marlin', 'on', 'the', 'computation', 'of', 'the', 'chow', 'rings', 'of', 'so_n', 'spin_n', 'g_2', 'and', 'f_4', 'our', 'method', 'is', 'based', 'on', 'schubert', 'calculus', 'of', 'the', 'corresponding', 'flag', 'varieties', 'which', 'has', 'its', 'own', 'interest']] | [-0.21991387168566387, -0.0749808367372801, -0.10769433518250783, 0.035886050942353906, -0.13676289790620408, -0.13373094338923694, -0.00814556377629439, 0.27812089214722313, -0.29535557413473723, -0.185706738345325, 0.1416692723132049, -0.1880513442866504, -0.15409175124019384, 0.18941128640125196, -0.19032700233122643, -0.07320314653916285, 0.015276373289525509, 0.11513644439478715, -0.1266701076179743, -0.37642803001527986, 0.4215337172523141, -0.04983740096290906, 0.2529517634864897, 0.009613468696673712, 0.11401695040985942, -0.020561341575036446, -0.05728542163968086, -0.11050511612246434, -0.1519755293801427, 0.23339878568736216, 0.32267403960227964, 0.07445592804501454, 0.12789972451825937, -0.3772254999354482, -0.04796817717452844, 0.20377848975049953, 0.192136167883873, 0.03673150189997008, 0.02067557370600601, -0.2859532202035189, 0.05950607790922125, -0.21459258851207172, -0.1752506005577743, -0.07645527162899574, 0.06970282228818785, 0.06904331690942248, -0.19027781397569923, -0.0281681127473712, 0.07121461590131124, 0.21550701038291056, -0.03299096406282236, -0.15452983026547978, -0.10051785833202302, 0.07770870737731457, -0.0051859180939694246, -0.010211493199070295, 0.14390035337458054, -0.09382954984592895, -0.17430290217821798, 0.41559922104080516, 0.01966347623616457, -0.19634396268054843, 0.07721366894741853, -0.16011270082866152, -0.14972688041627408, 0.166868680814902, 0.05167910184711218, 0.1920720784117778, 0.03866034535167273, 0.22037335206288844, -0.14483733231822649, -0.049952076990157364, 0.11801847202082474, -0.04081163446418941, 0.12497122822950284, 0.10564104681213697, -0.03536412689213952, 0.07326775123675665, 0.011789530745397011, -0.018743307925760747, -0.3558617002268632, -0.20300155200685063, -0.10652960659315189, 0.19397169213121135, -0.17839541571796871, -0.1664824503318717, 0.4806065479169289, 0.013703953300913174, 0.1467517830679814, 0.11070584433929374, 0.19918684512376786, 0.009648576684606572, 0.10673661281044285, -0.029083892138053975, 0.1258126570781072, 0.2937438066831479, -0.03587562733640273, -0.20390775055934984, -0.04428061910594503, 0.2484961856653293] |
709.3703 | Decay Rates for Spherical Scalar Waves in the Schwarzschild Geometry | The Cauchy problem is considered for the scalar wave equation in the
Schwarzschild geometry. Using an integral spectral representation we derive the
exact decay rate for solutions of the Cauchy problem with spherical symmetric
initial data, which is smooth and compactly supported outside the event
horizon.
| gr-qc | the cauchy problem is considered for the scalar wave equation in the schwarzschild geometry using an integral spectral representation we derive the exact decay rate for solutions of the cauchy problem with spherical symmetric initial data which is smooth and compactly supported outside the event horizon | [['the', 'cauchy', 'problem', 'is', 'considered', 'for', 'the', 'scalar', 'wave', 'equation', 'in', 'the', 'schwarzschild', 'geometry', 'using', 'an', 'integral', 'spectral', 'representation', 'we', 'derive', 'the', 'exact', 'decay', 'rate', 'for', 'solutions', 'of', 'the', 'cauchy', 'problem', 'with', 'spherical', 'symmetric', 'initial', 'data', 'which', 'is', 'smooth', 'and', 'compactly', 'supported', 'outside', 'the', 'event', 'horizon']] | [-0.13953773746185977, 0.006944842811524564, -0.10369489773723256, 0.1288483210525516, -0.12166246123935866, -0.08036119630560279, -0.10277975544981334, 0.30177651013693085, -0.2727894126386989, -0.18230209778994322, 0.19026335335144287, -0.28156988577836234, -0.08924912709904753, 0.1867339617177925, -0.005993725237203762, 0.13622806780040264, 0.08232332565619246, 0.10333991724410621, -0.12160731389430231, -0.17608444951474667, 0.4378122896279978, 0.02664401497610885, 0.24437429205231045, 0.021839037092159622, 0.12036809272831306, 0.057421857207689594, -0.00765796119104261, -0.029275754993052586, -0.19328153691173572, 0.08026101789943388, 0.25244631599533657, 0.16111116543533685, 0.21134615547793068, -0.42923453701255115, -0.20078997643988417, 0.1275538185449398, 0.15277943436218344, 0.10235414337607242, -0.09737616089051185, -0.35205090021633584, 0.09563441554327375, -0.14666402007898557, -0.23079446836820114, 0.03634083398577312, 0.0787084063353098, 0.03421873894884535, -0.30878796529672714, 0.17001023684101907, 0.02541809682936772, -0.039771603784807354, -0.22317379261569484, -0.02383199858519694, 0.0008275037044254334, 0.04355031475880305, 0.11105292564784379, 0.017568336718756218, 0.06342599389102796, -0.09102929349097869, -0.02948492713039741, 0.3238175607529347, -0.06515774201682728, -0.322349712981478, 0.07150250300765038, -0.1595016252047018, -0.011116471951422483, 0.17868435366646104, 0.15796072371101574, 0.20919482191295727, -0.13273529329782593, 0.2047630134835819, -0.048215362455622475, 0.1392816810086673, 0.11556009471456966, -0.03657055725141064, 0.2130103721688299, 0.1083746934916986, 0.08221923883842386, 0.17350730824324748, -0.0799090621749992, -0.13895911213172518, -0.3848384310207937, -0.1482045064584109, -0.2154863062719612, 0.0964990350953683, -0.1517375544945421, -0.2386556680759658, 0.34276078341771726, 0.029661707418120426, 0.14300617972469848, 0.10147618077462539, 0.24456695532021316, 0.21643347066381705, -0.025146834349826626, 0.12976874613567538, 0.2040092698500856, 0.12353942672337365, 0.14117664248561082, -0.21585543141902788, -0.034286880779646985, 0.12984569479063476] |
709.3704 | Multiscale expansion and integrability properties of the lattice
potential KdV equation | We apply the discrete multiscale expansion to the Lax pair and to the first
few symmetries of the lattice potential Korteweg-de Vries equation. From these
calculations we show that, like the lowest order secularity conditions give a
nonlinear Schroedinger equation, the Lax pair gives at the same order the
Zakharov and Shabat spectral problem and the symmetries the hierarchy of point
and generalized symmetries of the nonlinear Schroedinger equation.
| math-ph math.MP | we apply the discrete multiscale expansion to the lax pair and to the first few symmetries of the lattice potential kortewegde vries equation from these calculations we show that like the lowest order secularity conditions give a nonlinear schroedinger equation the lax pair gives at the same order the zakharov and shabat spectral problem and the symmetries the hierarchy of point and generalized symmetries of the nonlinear schroedinger equation | [['we', 'apply', 'the', 'discrete', 'multiscale', 'expansion', 'to', 'the', 'lax', 'pair', 'and', 'to', 'the', 'first', 'few', 'symmetries', 'of', 'the', 'lattice', 'potential', 'kortewegde', 'vries', 'equation', 'from', 'these', 'calculations', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'like', 'the', 'lowest', 'order', 'secularity', 'conditions', 'give', 'a', 'nonlinear', 'schroedinger', 'equation', 'the', 'lax', 'pair', 'gives', 'at', 'the', 'same', 'order', 'the', 'zakharov', 'and', 'shabat', 'spectral', 'problem', 'and', 'the', 'symmetries', 'the', 'hierarchy', 'of', 'point', 'and', 'generalized', 'symmetries', 'of', 'the', 'nonlinear', 'schroedinger', 'equation']] | [-0.11659315538903077, 0.050724562190041164, -0.0853625045535897, 0.0932209803790286, -0.13543668956549812, -0.11590118577325906, -0.05824330702855967, 0.2761766293450542, -0.3303726163517306, -0.23087051353565807, 0.06885979351574097, -0.32443569908323494, -0.1672387638979632, 0.08076305994831458, 0.060594008817081005, 0.11102364058403866, 0.055901935267552355, 0.044338717935201916, -0.13275478426299558, -0.23520274222760962, 0.3753659489254157, -0.019619568711673113, 0.2414547923979336, 0.03801264082068118, 0.1656811289570254, -0.01596170610518775, 0.0388590302048386, -0.10147801422230575, -0.14688242980048308, 0.06882134870713766, 0.19478250478488812, 0.0074540302258632755, 0.21639807848934678, -0.4331448507913645, -0.20290008645531707, 0.08012932051729033, 0.14630997328735565, 0.18448325360625767, -0.0064266977723741875, -0.3559863524295498, 0.038146029131999916, -0.1380149478605692, -0.23672015419688777, -0.07212861439388624, -0.007541808444817645, 0.06822406913599242, -0.24131498952814634, 0.15100034698843956, 0.07108802175608234, -0.045101397408554636, -0.12738544648881003, -0.07046248050460564, -0.11256105135586383, 0.01980837540485073, -0.006973219610264768, -0.055605171376542334, -0.04610115451657254, -0.10819998739854149, -0.10069159250301511, 0.4577211950352226, -0.07172694825567305, -0.2399260066314668, 0.1578798857854976, -0.1025002526483782, -0.150148816474214, 0.11411829095374307, 0.14209260931913403, 0.09915245938168811, -0.15740150751114107, 0.13052730701958248, -0.039509187371510525, 0.12983188581310443, 0.12368035782128572, -0.003371713772429612, 0.09336836775089952, 0.10475556425534296, 0.06679925447046432, 0.10943188195697208, -0.019969620844821675, -0.1473586794555835, -0.3702801362462882, -0.12734676788871488, -0.14771376141225515, 0.08410719571554143, -0.11482372095697033, -0.15122391548061717, 0.4464150363228459, 0.15105783779417042, 0.14733813426700298, 0.056094090211326664, 0.1485479441066475, 0.2696092540593953, 0.016500599871295086, 0.037567170708021826, 0.17047827035877045, 0.2079092021626623, 0.14367931062841546, -0.30510095502519846, -0.13956268515734785, 0.24345172876897064] |
709.3705 | First Steps in Tropical Intersection Theory | We establish first parts of a tropical intersection theory. Namely, we define
cycles, Cartier divisors and intersection products between these two (without
passing to rational equivalence) and discuss push-forward and pull-back. We do
this first for fans in R^n and then for "abstract" cycles that are fans
locally. With regard to applications in enumerative geometry, we finally have a
look at rational equivalence and intersection products of cycles and cycle
classes in R^n.
| math.AG math.CO | we establish first parts of a tropical intersection theory namely we define cycles cartier divisors and intersection products between these two without passing to rational equivalence and discuss pushforward and pullback we do this first for fans in rn and then for abstract cycles that are fans locally with regard to applications in enumerative geometry we finally have a look at rational equivalence and intersection products of cycles and cycle classes in rn | [['we', 'establish', 'first', 'parts', 'of', 'a', 'tropical', 'intersection', 'theory', 'namely', 'we', 'define', 'cycles', 'cartier', 'divisors', 'and', 'intersection', 'products', 'between', 'these', 'two', 'without', 'passing', 'to', 'rational', 'equivalence', 'and', 'discuss', 'pushforward', 'and', 'pullback', 'we', 'do', 'this', 'first', 'for', 'fans', 'in', 'rn', 'and', 'then', 'for', 'abstract', 'cycles', 'that', 'are', 'fans', 'locally', 'with', 'regard', 'to', 'applications', 'in', 'enumerative', 'geometry', 'we', 'finally', 'have', 'a', 'look', 'at', 'rational', 'equivalence', 'and', 'intersection', 'products', 'of', 'cycles', 'and', 'cycle', 'classes', 'in', 'rn']] | [-0.19938624838418137, 0.07211532516481534, -0.08396317144498637, 0.0998286717453308, -0.044962732555115056, -0.10207035913042826, 0.06364959729867285, 0.3764119168922101, -0.3652099648822252, -0.21046315030870985, 0.1363628345417267, -0.27897218104502924, -0.20420795516429902, 0.17944694184283536, -0.18251375824991256, -0.03962904016474542, 0.04602313405285551, 0.05150852906709052, -0.10190677363106547, -0.26369973306850314, 0.432465264758682, -0.07792370794468546, 0.18380233517860714, 0.06595917305054322, 0.08256746190344941, 0.009056761193452785, -0.015273517724892048, 0.04752693176014374, -0.17735891276701396, 0.17997007415157884, 0.3290508689027127, 0.1801844982825832, 0.1538033465255205, -0.4869223490153273, -0.09487764606226796, 0.23098692098913126, 0.09270277745026635, 0.011393383910802945, 0.017933705336835287, -0.17571932642580304, 0.11153383669124482, -0.13069859955919116, -0.1481450989408648, -0.12210774366035802, 0.08905760656200247, 0.08449815796713715, -0.21236945435481325, -0.1065518591706067, 0.0932894121881013, 0.1849330480223241, -0.05862031915952286, -0.07511856747242583, -0.034069257278046376, 0.1120146027038971, 0.007207227360508214, -0.013811610747536975, 0.07880588230511097, -0.053778585719506014, -0.1581254771476841, 0.34440827854487993, -0.03800044660791372, -0.16813535367023863, 0.18799601575640373, -0.1499674488241746, -0.18083325712877799, 0.07636345906361733, 0.14136818913768415, 0.1635914558468208, -0.03628631591898938, 0.11052907072805021, -0.07880716643946832, 0.019300876357528852, 0.2104079790145465, -0.01660349946596647, 0.17831764226039387, 0.05685521305015642, 0.09384218468139433, 0.1871206952794774, -0.007874163288674126, -0.08854533447437499, -0.36695365015774556, -0.21200316847136166, -0.026733214099419443, 0.14007220271821708, -0.11389259369413955, -0.15744870865385827, 0.3879171683491297, 0.08068743915845679, 0.19358920636395477, 0.1439143760155325, 0.2636077182131424, 0.0351473669240838, -0.014204113873372441, 0.07891112858148878, 0.1618592740381009, 0.17887511062244438, -0.00457558891901823, -0.06684484672796441, -0.04700661226086421, 0.247672399493215] |
709.3706 | Static friction on the fly: velocity depinning transitions of lubricants
in motion | The dragging velocity of a model solid lubricant confined between sliding
periodic substrates exhibits a phase transition between two regimes,
respectively with quantized and with continuous lubricant center-of-mass
velocity. The transition, occurring for increasing external driving force F_ext
acting on the lubricant, displays a large hysteresis, and has the features of
depinning transitions in static friction, only taking place on the fly.
Although different in nature, this phenomenon appears isomorphic to a static
Aubry depinning transition in a Frenkel-Kontorova model, the role of particles
now taken by the moving kinks of the lubricant-substrate interface. We suggest
a possible realization in 2D optical lattice experiments.
| cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.other | the dragging velocity of a model solid lubricant confined between sliding periodic substrates exhibits a phase transition between two regimes respectively with quantized and with continuous lubricant centerofmass velocity the transition occurring for increasing external driving force f_ext acting on the lubricant displays a large hysteresis and has the features of depinning transitions in static friction only taking place on the fly although different in nature this phenomenon appears isomorphic to a static aubry depinning transition in a frenkelkontorova model the role of particles now taken by the moving kinks of the lubricantsubstrate interface we suggest a possible realization in 2d optical lattice experiments | [['the', 'dragging', 'velocity', 'of', 'a', 'model', 'solid', 'lubricant', 'confined', 'between', 'sliding', 'periodic', 'substrates', 'exhibits', 'a', 'phase', 'transition', 'between', 'two', 'regimes', 'respectively', 'with', 'quantized', 'and', 'with', 'continuous', 'lubricant', 'centerofmass', 'velocity', 'the', 'transition', 'occurring', 'for', 'increasing', 'external', 'driving', 'force', 'f_ext', 'acting', 'on', 'the', 'lubricant', 'displays', 'a', 'large', 'hysteresis', 'and', 'has', 'the', 'features', 'of', 'depinning', 'transitions', 'in', 'static', 'friction', 'only', 'taking', 'place', 'on', 'the', 'fly', 'although', 'different', 'in', 'nature', 'this', 'phenomenon', 'appears', 'isomorphic', 'to', 'a', 'static', 'aubry', 'depinning', 'transition', 'in', 'a', 'frenkelkontorova', 'model', 'the', 'role', 'of', 'particles', 'now', 'taken', 'by', 'the', 'moving', 'kinks', 'of', 'the', 'lubricantsubstrate', 'interface', 'we', 'suggest', 'a', 'possible', 'realization', 'in', '2d', 'optical', 'lattice', 'experiments']] | [-0.20361276226201847, 0.24256699696834227, -0.10017483705853664, -0.04054812118648416, -0.05143711383192284, -0.18288196707415638, 0.07391774265442577, 0.3929904867144464, -0.2558875554557709, -0.2516273740064172, 0.019085812633314613, -0.2837194117346724, -0.14871532362388465, 0.1609219299285736, 0.024934806103718656, 0.0449738258459759, -0.0008303026614475597, 0.0023318124274967363, -0.05729478042972844, -0.12438081155612486, 0.24692166382356465, -0.03437417344211655, 0.3175751326732265, 0.07684077715582567, 0.11536534846697039, -0.03042154842580768, 0.07816059119746234, 0.06808090254718673, -0.17726458981181087, 0.0036385117089647112, 0.17893926235078608, -0.11307230965207213, 0.22731441397839272, -0.4508153882908445, -0.2398643543925679, 0.0705027755517151, 0.1132864166849103, 0.12171985060247836, -0.07214565882775752, -0.31496026571410557, -0.034245123149198704, -0.12137736424857985, -0.11210626045929141, -0.010284217008535334, 0.10338788381913333, 0.03318056802364808, -0.22104634612220006, 0.11973270941842167, 0.06613846553164054, 0.12139068897225831, -0.14093465165424984, -0.016305864725298096, -0.0716548684342466, 0.11108342485809788, 0.04304175781994805, 0.055531378365257414, 0.21268853376104127, -0.1387644271209194, -0.11331180989000837, 0.43423079408126547, -0.05313347855094567, -0.1420555642258672, 0.24253242173530523, -0.15752918096440074, -0.05284682292382694, 0.19165529958560196, 0.1774120466213999, 0.03943037233672566, -0.07753659537043965, 0.03703707928014286, 0.006013664188659162, 0.1642834383370445, 0.11030535319440284, -0.037198929385128386, 0.26600997316316494, 0.23880672957793384, -0.0026943552493144877, 0.21127164701126444, -0.13028331223459352, -0.16158271598170773, -0.28660848958291185, -0.11535792175716567, -0.1821938239408711, 0.010805927045209315, -0.10538178283096182, -0.21820629315532164, 0.32960096550020346, 0.12639717469800002, 0.2376152892897665, -0.018258842492693113, 0.2485489987144337, 0.09812403949502024, 0.07766044197278549, 0.038333370928987136, 0.2902366578131372, 0.11626031004724283, 0.1509012799728119, -0.24956487037368047, 0.059622813119028596, 0.06736835190863574] |
709.3707 | An Invitation to Random Schroedinger operators | This review is an extended version of my mini course at the Etats de la
recherche: Operateurs de Schroedinger aleatoires at the Universite Paris 13 in
June 2002, a summer school organized by Frederic Klopp. These lecture notes try
to give some of the basics of random Schroedinger operators. They are meant for
nonspecialists and require only minor previous knowledge about functional
analysis and probability theory. Nevertheless this survey includes complete
proofs of Lifshitz tails and Anderson localization.
| math-ph math.MP | this review is an extended version of my mini course at the etats de la recherche operateurs de schroedinger aleatoires at the universite paris 13 in june 2002 a summer school organized by frederic klopp these lecture notes try to give some of the basics of random schroedinger operators they are meant for nonspecialists and require only minor previous knowledge about functional analysis and probability theory nevertheless this survey includes complete proofs of lifshitz tails and anderson localization | [['this', 'review', 'is', 'an', 'extended', 'version', 'of', 'my', 'mini', 'course', 'at', 'the', 'etats', 'de', 'la', 'recherche', 'operateurs', 'de', 'schroedinger', 'aleatoires', 'at', 'the', 'universite', 'paris', '13', 'in', 'june', '2002', 'a', 'summer', 'school', 'organized', 'by', 'frederic', 'klopp', 'these', 'lecture', 'notes', 'try', 'to', 'give', 'some', 'of', 'the', 'basics', 'of', 'random', 'schroedinger', 'operators', 'they', 'are', 'meant', 'for', 'nonspecialists', 'and', 'require', 'only', 'minor', 'previous', 'knowledge', 'about', 'functional', 'analysis', 'and', 'probability', 'theory', 'nevertheless', 'this', 'survey', 'includes', 'complete', 'proofs', 'of', 'lifshitz', 'tails', 'and', 'anderson', 'localization']] | [-0.07641635688532215, 0.10709368755002895, -0.15611623540686337, 0.12508262024493888, -0.11779632264425835, -0.1522862189807571, -0.04289987569418139, 0.252231442482951, -0.11353172288121034, -0.34535428799258977, 0.13522290863926548, -0.32503412410807914, -0.1740074981457721, 0.13089228930095068, -0.17624908845680645, -0.04808238168987326, 0.04649883576740439, -0.007461709877810417, -0.03114803433149623, -0.3533886825450911, 0.2651389382276065, 0.15755856490861148, 0.23368900586874822, 0.03835243173540594, 0.06435855395662096, 0.09012444227193601, -0.09484922975445023, -0.08446104609622405, -0.20336481109739113, 0.10666573971796495, 0.3538694830659108, 0.10536671524198774, 0.32707679083045477, -0.44507176720370084, -0.0922537677658674, -0.01975138009024354, 0.054446643693014406, 0.10801551325055651, -0.004900580928780329, -0.4020177893077907, 0.027760451683440268, -0.1830312686439496, -0.1553222760035752, 0.011615022849769164, 0.025081759620195206, 0.003402572196836655, -0.12815912395047072, 0.0566471559741797, 0.11177070297372456, 0.17900316801686317, -0.024923327289378412, -0.1803285549275386, -0.0026026145161057892, 0.06520181451327144, -0.028896504299691282, 0.06303961767788188, 0.07131710287947686, -0.045140505401202694, -0.1414792069878716, 0.2992653331438748, -0.02983215568252863, -0.01767153438562766, 0.1690942121980091, -0.14063719123936233, -0.23812468971412343, 0.09701404683679964, 0.16826796747791845, 0.1064921399512782, -0.13734548265496507, 0.20944729690120603, 0.01172038821749037, 0.14698053209772646, 0.11403151696476226, -0.041983880883214086, 0.20059589356279525, 0.04418498585120034, -0.01605462124093603, -0.012670532337580927, 0.02151530147649539, -0.11564595977632472, -0.3813835558696435, -0.15390607451226038, -0.11875669037003835, 0.09347404543316373, 0.030510060967338715, -0.14980950958740252, 0.3520746008755687, 0.11019691024930814, 0.10625154601756293, 0.03205256249146679, 0.12960155772116894, 0.03675585466687782, -0.053209093805306994, 0.0929116888019519, 0.1563997712566141, 0.10712005028154892, 0.2834511701351939, -0.0747902631186522, -0.04970670616827332, 0.20404156127896828] |
709.3708 | B meson excitations with chirally improved light quarks | We present our latest results for the excitations of static-light mesons on
both quenched and unquenched lattices, where the light quarks are simulated
using the chirally improved (CI) lattice Dirac operator.
| hep-lat | we present our latest results for the excitations of staticlight mesons on both quenched and unquenched lattices where the light quarks are simulated using the chirally improved ci lattice dirac operator | [['we', 'present', 'our', 'latest', 'results', 'for', 'the', 'excitations', 'of', 'staticlight', 'mesons', 'on', 'both', 'quenched', 'and', 'unquenched', 'lattices', 'where', 'the', 'light', 'quarks', 'are', 'simulated', 'using', 'the', 'chirally', 'improved', 'ci', 'lattice', 'dirac', 'operator']] | [-0.07726890078535484, 0.3069530451490033, -0.058121144741533265, 0.08686017990112305, 0.009619730089100139, -0.09241827961898619, 0.12739589139668933, 0.43990501893624184, -0.08312136295341677, -0.15513775846169842, 0.039103326102298115, -0.3763791919956284, -0.060631061393407085, 0.08069000897868987, 0.10457378562967924, 0.12077955213645773, 0.10900539473720616, -0.041832748620260145, -0.11665545503098157, -0.3031378850461014, 0.35193968864698566, -0.05043895294769637, 0.22770948936381646, 0.20328132712071942, -0.04443991872211618, 0.05257554206576559, 0.004299933090806007, -0.08216588103002118, -0.06885616972501721, 0.09681315335535234, 0.09216355264276987, -0.028904362266222314, 0.018437874172964403, -0.40526207364089184, -0.18854773034446784, 0.01349472367174683, 0.19500817711495103, 0.14699557603847596, -0.09786179510410875, -0.3936821347282779, 0.07420505168697526, -0.15132573376139324, -0.14876816773246374, -0.17299353175105586, -0.08194500125283675, -0.03214831566137652, -0.3420399786724198, 0.08050293358223091, -0.07072968546661638, 0.115227606477997, -0.05699150312331415, -0.2806662949583223, -0.07059729047450086, 0.05476600105964368, 0.03129699644106891, 0.110794089313957, 0.08420115019825677, -0.13030345770981042, -0.17732178034531254, 0.5052014501585115, -0.10536427429366496, -0.17708655035183316, 0.16243871528234693, -0.16944025532012025, -0.1489216580596422, 0.030926828242598042, 0.20893663867384255, 0.08364265805651103, -0.13329956103717128, 0.1075672134588052, -0.1145952430764033, 0.16920707513007424, -0.011665003299112282, 0.05962141203664003, 0.1936272932216525, 0.16284736818183335, -0.06379754027171482, 0.10020985001427753, -0.030028358184462114, -0.1508939438208472, -0.2914117299500973, -0.06037956692518726, -0.19648053685218217, 0.03568096311702844, -0.1279282078082155, -0.12199401933579676, 0.4297841998237756, 0.14940513695980753, 0.17246588259454695, 0.04593374414910232, 0.27124009330967264, 0.08960521793849166, 0.018730022133358063, 0.10127523856194344, 0.2766733079427673, 0.17123313136999646, 0.16607565586004527, -0.31983288882240174, -0.20105329534459498, 0.10618173781662218] |
709.3709 | On vortices and solitons in Goldstone and abelian-Higgs models | In the present work we discuss non-linear physics problems such as
Nielsen-Olesen strings, superconducting bosonic straight strings and static
vortex rings. We start with a toy model. We search for antiperiodic solitons of
the Goldstone model on a circle. Such models provide the basis as well as
useful hints for further research on three-dimensional more realistic problems.
We proceed with a full research on a $U(1)$ model which admits stable straight
string solutions in a small, numerically determined area. That model has a
Ginzburg-Landau potential with a cubic term added to it and can be found in
condensed matter problems as well. The next part of our research, has to do
with a $U(1) \times U(1)$ model which is the main subject of our interest.
There, we search for stable axially symmetric solutions which are solitons,
which can represent particles, the mass of which is of the order of TeV. The
confirmation or rejection of the existence of those defects is of great
interest if we consider that LHC will work in the same energy range. In our
study, we find out that due to current quenching, these vortex rings seem to be
unstable. We also extend the model of vortex rings by adding higher derivative
terms which are favorable for stability. After the extensive analysis we
performed, we conclude that these objects donât seem to be stable. The reasons
which brought us to this conclusion are explained.
| hep-ph | in the present work we discuss nonlinear physics problems such as nielsenolesen strings superconducting bosonic straight strings and static vortex rings we start with a toy model we search for antiperiodic solitons of the goldstone model on a circle such models provide the basis as well as useful hints for further research on threedimensional more realistic problems we proceed with a full research on a u1 model which admits stable straight string solutions in a small numerically determined area that model has a ginzburglandau potential with a cubic term added to it and can be found in condensed matter problems as well the next part of our research has to do with a u1 times u1 model which is the main subject of our interest there we search for stable axially symmetric solutions which are solitons which can represent particles the mass of which is of the order of tev the confirmation or rejection of the existence of those defects is of great interest if we consider that lhc will work in the same energy range in our study we find out that due to current quenching these vortex rings seem to be unstable we also extend the model of vortex rings by adding higher derivative terms which are favorable for stability after the extensive analysis we performed we conclude that these objects donât seem to be stable the reasons which brought us to this conclusion are explained | [['in', 'the', 'present', 'work', 'we', 'discuss', 'nonlinear', 'physics', 'problems', 'such', 'as', 'nielsenolesen', 'strings', 'superconducting', 'bosonic', 'straight', 'strings', 'and', 'static', 'vortex', 'rings', 'we', 'start', 'with', 'a', 'toy', 'model', 'we', 'search', 'for', 'antiperiodic', 'solitons', 'of', 'the', 'goldstone', 'model', 'on', 'a', 'circle', 'such', 'models', 'provide', 'the', 'basis', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'useful', 'hints', 'for', 'further', 'research', 'on', 'threedimensional', 'more', 'realistic', 'problems', 'we', 'proceed', 'with', 'a', 'full', 'research', 'on', 'a', 'u1', 'model', 'which', 'admits', 'stable', 'straight', 'string', 'solutions', 'in', 'a', 'small', 'numerically', 'determined', 'area', 'that', 'model', 'has', 'a', 'ginzburglandau', 'potential', 'with', 'a', 'cubic', 'term', 'added', 'to', 'it', 'and', 'can', 'be', 'found', 'in', 'condensed', 'matter', 'problems', 'as', 'well', 'the', 'next', 'part', 'of', 'our', 'research', 'has', 'to', 'do', 'with', 'a', 'u1', 'times', 'u1', 'model', 'which', 'is', 'the', 'main', 'subject', 'of', 'our', 'interest', 'there', 'we', 'search', 'for', 'stable', 'axially', 'symmetric', 'solutions', 'which', 'are', 'solitons', 'which', 'can', 'represent', 'particles', 'the', 'mass', 'of', 'which', 'is', 'of', 'the', 'order', 'of', 'tev', 'the', 'confirmation', 'or', 'rejection', 'of', 'the', 'existence', 'of', 'those', 'defects', 'is', 'of', 'great', 'interest', 'if', 'we', 'consider', 'that', 'lhc', 'will', 'work', 'in', 'the', 'same', 'energy', 'range', 'in', 'our', 'study', 'we', 'find', 'out', 'that', 'due', 'to', 'current', 'quenching', 'these', 'vortex', 'rings', 'seem', 'to', 'be', 'unstable', 'we', 'also', 'extend', 'the', 'model', 'of', 'vortex', 'rings', 'by', 'adding', 'higher', 'derivative', 'terms', 'which', 'are', 'favorable', 'for', 'stability', 'after', 'the', 'extensive', 'analysis', 'we', 'performed', 'we', 'conclude', 'that', 'these', 'objects', 'donât', 'seem', 'to', 'be', 'stable', 'the', 'reasons', 'which', 'brought', 'us', 'to', 'this', 'conclusion', 'are', 'explained']] | [-0.11905813769202578, 0.1253429352470874, -0.07981722352717795, 0.0824499994374906, -0.07612523924606511, -0.14144665347451524, 0.0051543814560422035, 0.36776697607946734, -0.21767194294036693, -0.29200096639022544, 0.12669563556840557, -0.2591924070840395, -0.13535369889327337, 0.17779107873582473, -0.019815055374449064, 0.03549709247881036, 0.04125889464289359, 0.04937092247303626, -0.05942913901182638, -0.25982639408976876, 0.29853375700601076, 0.03075340533243956, 0.2358933208679254, 0.06611978535379287, 0.04703240109929807, -0.04439651039389712, 0.003449905752145414, 0.048072313418305375, -0.16076581560545364, 0.10293727426225799, 0.23697250376559928, 0.06854727712974644, 0.21801307586607235, -0.44574103495774137, -0.23688354040655693, 0.1484601897288719, 0.17341934984553808, 0.1514121024984324, -0.08038416106733032, -0.28497663785345884, 0.10737194723541994, -0.17398458703338535, -0.16818043937560814, -0.10313798251408565, 0.021512141580917413, 0.021475502337969618, -0.24069904955054874, 0.06207260739670788, 0.07544867841616265, 0.008350688156589299, -0.07945014901050536, -0.0783439019698854, -0.02659168775696386, 0.05793052390149012, 0.09911656086107143, 0.035740164824012856, 0.09760235244494701, -0.14610183901813684, -0.13081535354810708, 0.4142219434769329, -0.05537142028751142, -0.1981004563297532, 0.193232072893538, -0.11083252400426068, -0.13538899419844969, 0.1146985093442087, 0.16670949565136672, 0.12908919454169832, -0.1088202035581135, 0.07989502783013971, -0.08520166274948038, 0.144273034771924, 0.048858513004433377, 0.020135293634635894, 0.2897820343864681, 0.19375478698899537, 0.07211698717359091, 0.1518702094579697, -0.06591308723254923, -0.12417218896642893, -0.34428002473894304, -0.12427015144786628, -0.12066755871355282, 0.05633200289984135, -0.0335047760434824, -0.1580558658935098, 0.40246929372032075, 0.16223385528846004, 0.1951871958394478, 0.0035232691539310015, 0.24037299788545205, 0.10476545599448389, 0.09117232295605923, 0.04753075496938064, 0.2508026840448191, 0.10392087913031851, 0.0932619689633669, -0.17537540078009892, -0.028591030505230406, 0.04914020127047026] |
709.371 | Bidding Strategy with Forecast Technology Based on Support Vector
Machine in Electrcity Market | The participants of the electricity market concern very much the market price
evolution. Various technologies have been developed for price forecast. SVM
(Support Vector Machine) has shown its good performance in market price
forecast. Two approaches for forming the market bidding strategies based on SVM
are proposed. One is based on the price forecast accuracy, with which the being
rejected risk is defined. The other takes into account the impact of the
producer's own bid. The risks associated with the bidding are controlled by the
parameters setting. The proposed approaches have been tested on a numerical
example.
| q-fin.GN physics.data-an | the participants of the electricity market concern very much the market price evolution various technologies have been developed for price forecast svm support vector machine has shown its good performance in market price forecast two approaches for forming the market bidding strategies based on svm are proposed one is based on the price forecast accuracy with which the being rejected risk is defined the other takes into account the impact of the producers own bid the risks associated with the bidding are controlled by the parameters setting the proposed approaches have been tested on a numerical example | [['the', 'participants', 'of', 'the', 'electricity', 'market', 'concern', 'very', 'much', 'the', 'market', 'price', 'evolution', 'various', 'technologies', 'have', 'been', 'developed', 'for', 'price', 'forecast', 'svm', 'support', 'vector', 'machine', 'has', 'shown', 'its', 'good', 'performance', 'in', 'market', 'price', 'forecast', 'two', 'approaches', 'for', 'forming', 'the', 'market', 'bidding', 'strategies', 'based', 'on', 'svm', 'are', 'proposed', 'one', 'is', 'based', 'on', 'the', 'price', 'forecast', 'accuracy', 'with', 'which', 'the', 'being', 'rejected', 'risk', 'is', 'defined', 'the', 'other', 'takes', 'into', 'account', 'the', 'impact', 'of', 'the', 'producers', 'own', 'bid', 'the', 'risks', 'associated', 'with', 'the', 'bidding', 'are', 'controlled', 'by', 'the', 'parameters', 'setting', 'the', 'proposed', 'approaches', 'have', 'been', 'tested', 'on', 'a', 'numerical', 'example']] | [-0.06352208160972894, 0.010232815720601795, -0.12355496106458079, 0.12518713338367796, -0.1066245083725944, -0.18634648846712001, 0.08490038804287456, 0.4470496582846666, -0.20403766912436977, -0.26670445595896736, 0.18651060592359142, -0.31243388293330204, -0.09947697173794444, 0.21345161681169086, -0.12843245788256533, 0.10154503171953862, 0.05790989692370916, 0.0683728659611925, 0.0737311163264298, -0.3961589427415243, 0.27237278920089464, 0.10192947683990308, 0.3598518836403208, 0.03226915246701425, 0.11639404685246114, -0.06559202728850633, -0.07033369491013612, 0.008362951136395796, -0.10626603682170209, 0.15410307643109375, 0.27099652347855807, 0.15428404486018052, 0.43357795478833705, -0.443212309141749, -0.21232743437411553, 0.12663034399606518, 0.008375427380837883, -0.03284549603320312, -0.026247851664594077, -0.28130412474274635, 0.029158012425411762, -0.2583889072453699, -0.030517098009010257, -0.12896484769304695, -0.028848339520279587, 0.04213892549429972, -0.2883928600391469, -0.023123866696025907, -0.010842644323873305, 0.04324715660366508, -0.08597881134633052, -0.18708703960244036, -0.08013328394886184, 0.1488333818425914, 0.14615152574134702, -0.06515192542916413, 0.17112604655162192, -0.13071304406567485, -0.2228237343375984, 0.4159499329140352, -0.045725379984096155, -0.18728839738544115, 0.1259165180645422, -0.07859339526153564, -0.09352734977782694, 0.10099309592594191, 0.22917504438688768, 0.008704144094792223, -0.17532976684112525, 0.043692714318671486, -0.025194926470633327, 0.1526973800044795, 0.042558643736482896, -0.020557663177821747, 0.2132540204365421, 0.2547704049376483, 0.08230099510689526, 0.08223767239737238, -0.06500638003002603, -0.19564005470541834, -0.16888464440846065, -0.1083144996430456, -0.16795834593148423, -0.018751198478695965, -0.12454374054850069, -0.13042677582341208, 0.4079027743914078, 0.18669563377295265, 0.11167439966241724, 0.08180611790157855, 0.34829559522805753, 0.15385902592355444, 0.04719541468129484, 0.10855419095605612, 0.25213614625606645, -0.0452534124115962, 0.15667836269671, -0.17493754261912606, 0.23976243981016204, 0.04150763095462138] |
709.3711 | Mott-Hubbard versus charge-transfer behavior in LaSrMnO4 studied via
optical conductivity | Using spectroscopic ellipsometry, we study the optical conductivity
sigma(omega) of insulating LaSrMnO4 in the energy range of 0.75-5.8 eV from 15
to 330 K. The layered structure gives rise to a pronounced anisotropy. A
multipeak structure is observed in sigma_1^a(omega) (2, 3.5, 4.5, 4.9, and 5.5
eV), while only one peak is present at 5.6 eV in sigma_1^c(omega). We employ a
local multiplet calculation and obtain (i) an excellent description of the
optical data, (ii) a detailed peak assignment in terms of the multiplet
splitting of Mott-Hubbard and charge-transfer absorption bands, and (iii)
effective parameters of the electronic structure, e.g., the on-site Coulomb
repulsion U_eff=2.2 eV, the in-plane charge-transfer energy Delta_a=4.5 eV, and
the crystal-field parameters for the d^4 configuration (10 Dq=1.2 eV,
Delta_eg=1.4 eV, and Delta_t2g=0.2 eV). The spectral weight of the lowest
absorption feature (at 1-2 eV) changes by a factor of 2 as a function of
temperature, which can be attributed to the change of the nearest-neighbor
spin-spin correlation function across the Neel temperature. Interpreting
LaSrMnO4 effectively as a Mott-Hubbard insulator naturally explains this strong
temperature dependence, the relative weight of the different absorption peaks,
and the pronounced anisotropy. By means of transmittance measurements, we
determine the onset of the optical gap Delta^a_opt=0.4-0.45 eV at 15 K and
0.1-0.2 eV at 300 K. Our data show that the crystal-field splitting is too
large to explain the anomalous temperature dependence of the c-axis lattice
parameter by thermal occupation of excited crystal-field levels. Alternatively,
we propose that a thermal population of the upper Hubbard band gives rise to
the shrinkage of the c-axis lattice parameter.
| cond-mat.str-el | using spectroscopic ellipsometry we study the optical conductivity sigmaomega of insulating lasrmno4 in the energy range of 07558 ev from 15 to 330 k the layered structure gives rise to a pronounced anisotropy a multipeak structure is observed in sigma_1aomega 2 35 45 49 and 55 ev while only one peak is present at 56 ev in sigma_1comega we employ a local multiplet calculation and obtain i an excellent description of the optical data ii a detailed peak assignment in terms of the multiplet splitting of motthubbard and chargetransfer absorption bands and iii effective parameters of the electronic structure eg the onsite coulomb repulsion u_eff22 ev the inplane chargetransfer energy delta_a45 ev and the crystalfield parameters for the d4 configuration 10 dq12 ev delta_eg14 ev and delta_t2g02 ev the spectral weight of the lowest absorption feature at 12 ev changes by a factor of 2 as a function of temperature which can be attributed to the change of the nearestneighbor spinspin correlation function across the neel temperature interpreting lasrmno4 effectively as a motthubbard insulator naturally explains this strong temperature dependence the relative weight of the different absorption peaks and the pronounced anisotropy by means of transmittance measurements we determine the onset of the optical gap deltaa_opt04045 ev at 15 k and 0102 ev at 300 k our data show that the crystalfield splitting is too large to explain the anomalous temperature dependence of the caxis lattice parameter by thermal occupation of excited crystalfield levels alternatively we propose that a thermal population of the upper hubbard band gives rise to the shrinkage of the caxis lattice parameter | [['using', 'spectroscopic', 'ellipsometry', 'we', 'study', 'the', 'optical', 'conductivity', 'sigmaomega', 'of', 'insulating', 'lasrmno4', 'in', 'the', 'energy', 'range', 'of', '07558', 'ev', 'from', '15', 'to', '330', 'k', 'the', 'layered', 'structure', 'gives', 'rise', 'to', 'a', 'pronounced', 'anisotropy', 'a', 'multipeak', 'structure', 'is', 'observed', 'in', 'sigma_1aomega', '2', '35', '45', '49', 'and', '55', 'ev', 'while', 'only', 'one', 'peak', 'is', 'present', 'at', '56', 'ev', 'in', 'sigma_1comega', 'we', 'employ', 'a', 'local', 'multiplet', 'calculation', 'and', 'obtain', 'i', 'an', 'excellent', 'description', 'of', 'the', 'optical', 'data', 'ii', 'a', 'detailed', 'peak', 'assignment', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'the', 'multiplet', 'splitting', 'of', 'motthubbard', 'and', 'chargetransfer', 'absorption', 'bands', 'and', 'iii', 'effective', 'parameters', 'of', 'the', 'electronic', 'structure', 'eg', 'the', 'onsite', 'coulomb', 'repulsion', 'u_eff22', 'ev', 'the', 'inplane', 'chargetransfer', 'energy', 'delta_a45', 'ev', 'and', 'the', 'crystalfield', 'parameters', 'for', 'the', 'd4', 'configuration', '10', 'dq12', 'ev', 'delta_eg14', 'ev', 'and', 'delta_t2g02', 'ev', 'the', 'spectral', 'weight', 'of', 'the', 'lowest', 'absorption', 'feature', 'at', '12', 'ev', 'changes', 'by', 'a', 'factor', 'of', '2', 'as', 'a', 'function', 'of', 'temperature', 'which', 'can', 'be', 'attributed', 'to', 'the', 'change', 'of', 'the', 'nearestneighbor', 'spinspin', 'correlation', 'function', 'across', 'the', 'neel', 'temperature', 'interpreting', 'lasrmno4', 'effectively', 'as', 'a', 'motthubbard', 'insulator', 'naturally', 'explains', 'this', 'strong', 'temperature', 'dependence', 'the', 'relative', 'weight', 'of', 'the', 'different', 'absorption', 'peaks', 'and', 'the', 'pronounced', 'anisotropy', 'by', 'means', 'of', 'transmittance', 'measurements', 'we', 'determine', 'the', 'onset', 'of', 'the', 'optical', 'gap', 'deltaa_opt04045', 'ev', 'at', '15', 'k', 'and', '0102', 'ev', 'at', '300', 'k', 'our', 'data', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'crystalfield', 'splitting', 'is', 'too', 'large', 'to', 'explain', 'the', 'anomalous', 'temperature', 'dependence', 'of', 'the', 'caxis', 'lattice', 'parameter', 'by', 'thermal', 'occupation', 'of', 'excited', 'crystalfield', 'levels', 'alternatively', 'we', 'propose', 'that', 'a', 'thermal', 'population', 'of', 'the', 'upper', 'hubbard', 'band', 'gives', 'rise', 'to', 'the', 'shrinkage', 'of', 'the', 'caxis', 'lattice', 'parameter']] | [-0.125256043026819, 0.17637588005203342, -0.0011181799977553958, 0.05561383618295541, -0.03031822885767147, -0.12308741025517944, 0.1278824992613787, 0.3972754656900706, -0.2653877245577538, -0.37757297080908886, -0.012507935830098413, -0.3292012009878393, -0.05264868493421105, 0.11531485579337142, 0.09098574540900349, -0.06132853600098697, -0.0038537617631488504, -0.034147486701274314, -0.10698144011569104, -0.1641636589303765, 0.2615077386751539, 0.0814893572022305, 0.28226175894489663, 0.1511881807076125, 0.03546574645393061, 0.007910367389524841, 0.10474071944691762, -0.018009670836133484, -0.15979279645888275, 0.07599270067987751, 0.27029587447023606, -0.08678106218032858, 0.20899150498186017, -0.32693060941211444, -0.1770259435025881, 0.024968090438164392, 0.11964353993244004, 0.08925378587819882, 0.009774699916221484, -0.23180869847883975, 0.035576094115870475, -0.14994301748596103, -0.12546408938421552, -0.06631207060846156, 0.004146399780933959, -0.02388489949865745, -0.2809416780713493, 0.17094718657217917, 0.011450059365093615, 0.10088647848277367, -0.15212227204626114, -0.19143654087899029, -0.09312507486177413, 0.021954621963840747, 0.025540690147952114, 0.051821271386106246, 0.1430930780837537, -0.0879555631778656, -0.06665753229029281, 0.3959340160560399, -0.10837079667584093, -0.0017578001777326202, 0.11798294926431856, -0.1648177066419259, -0.060805891060672614, 0.2327350355943634, 0.0810247058527189, 0.06120605362445145, -0.11114403185165571, 0.08912523831277071, 0.01962026642320192, 0.22662865427587225, 0.0407540578257423, 0.08129318729668117, 0.22196740426389494, 0.14746896738090448, 0.06189108038582053, 0.09801909529671059, -0.18365506798976575, 0.001514567695521833, -0.2333978024757094, -0.11609953628992933, -0.20406875829846535, 0.09984605007076541, -0.13228344328154298, -0.15307985272091823, 0.46106444214910525, 0.12855694044548077, 0.2566629912163374, -0.02285686805121807, 0.2231558257648685, 0.16585021303941275, 0.07601478724678841, 0.027895134138052103, 0.2662614767008428, 0.1488611368183409, 0.12578220095880446, -0.2851437946685485, 0.00783946535732155, -0.011232097371588262] |
709.3712 | Long term hard X-ray variability of the anomalous X-ray pulsar 1RXS
J170849.0-400910 discovered with INTEGRAL | We report on a multi-band high-energy observing campaign aimed at studying
the long term spectral variability of the Anomalous X-ray Pulsar (AXP) 1RXS
J170849.0-400910, one of the magnetar candidates. We observed 1RXS
J170849.0-400910 in Fall 2006 and Spring 2007 simultaneously with Swift/XRT, in
the 0.1-10 keV energy range, and with INTEGRAL/IBIS, in the 20-200 keV energy
range. Furthermore, we also reanalyzed, using the latest calibration and
software, all the publicly available INTEGRAL data since 2002, and the soft
X-ray data starting from 1999 taken using BeppoSAX, Chandra, XMM, and
Swift/XRT, in order to study the soft and hard X-ray spectral variability of
1RXS J170849.0-400910. We find a long-term variability of the hard X-ray flux,
extending the hardness-intensity correlation proposed for this source over 2
orders of magnitude in energy.
| astro-ph | we report on a multiband highenergy observing campaign aimed at studying the long term spectral variability of the anomalous xray pulsar axp 1rxs j1708490400910 one of the magnetar candidates we observed 1rxs j1708490400910 in fall 2006 and spring 2007 simultaneously with swiftxrt in the 0110 kev energy range and with integralibis in the 20200 kev energy range furthermore we also reanalyzed using the latest calibration and software all the publicly available integral data since 2002 and the soft xray data starting from 1999 taken using bepposax chandra xmm and swiftxrt in order to study the soft and hard xray spectral variability of 1rxs j1708490400910 we find a longterm variability of the hard xray flux extending the hardnessintensity correlation proposed for this source over 2 orders of magnitude in energy | [['we', 'report', 'on', 'a', 'multiband', 'highenergy', 'observing', 'campaign', 'aimed', 'at', 'studying', 'the', 'long', 'term', 'spectral', 'variability', 'of', 'the', 'anomalous', 'xray', 'pulsar', 'axp', '1rxs', 'j1708490400910', 'one', 'of', 'the', 'magnetar', 'candidates', 'we', 'observed', '1rxs', 'j1708490400910', 'in', 'fall', '2006', 'and', 'spring', '2007', 'simultaneously', 'with', 'swiftxrt', 'in', 'the', '0110', 'kev', 'energy', 'range', 'and', 'with', 'integralibis', 'in', 'the', '20200', 'kev', 'energy', 'range', 'furthermore', 'we', 'also', 'reanalyzed', 'using', 'the', 'latest', 'calibration', 'and', 'software', 'all', 'the', 'publicly', 'available', 'integral', 'data', 'since', '2002', 'and', 'the', 'soft', 'xray', 'data', 'starting', 'from', '1999', 'taken', 'using', 'bepposax', 'chandra', 'xmm', 'and', 'swiftxrt', 'in', 'order', 'to', 'study', 'the', 'soft', 'and', 'hard', 'xray', 'spectral', 'variability', 'of', '1rxs', 'j1708490400910', 'we', 'find', 'a', 'longterm', 'variability', 'of', 'the', 'hard', 'xray', 'flux', 'extending', 'the', 'hardnessintensity', 'correlation', 'proposed', 'for', 'this', 'source', 'over', '2', 'orders', 'of', 'magnitude', 'in', 'energy']] | [-0.057960600288974685, 0.08561206312286992, -0.07985810264078684, 0.14026303132616935, -0.14290776701153132, -0.08069694759829561, 0.08943675029499441, 0.48854170035022176, -0.18102067423345478, -0.4203022073723318, 0.13215473439461414, -0.3558003962213217, 0.0070218050837978834, 0.2605869103757332, -0.032936898290717526, 0.04215993067292973, 0.10616453448238299, -0.113986450435175, -0.01748102295479571, -0.2672073447312248, 0.1952533349936265, 0.1109996592994173, 0.16691816259218856, 0.017298688043573106, 0.11499561412916916, 0.07255160267999064, -0.10278732177274402, -0.06917191594261532, -0.10368462328892923, 0.04844157974177731, 0.2556756633232788, 0.06060587930539984, 0.14617848940655703, -0.31549688458962494, -0.22969061254556183, 0.04724379395344114, 0.08169723959827377, -0.12089962823778506, 0.04016919815894794, -0.2890737087198699, 0.004358386655172059, -0.27910653109005257, -0.14047358713885263, 0.017896879868682963, 0.060954488478167805, 0.04078995534638485, -0.15641860353991446, 0.11563519598594, -0.038675156988694455, 0.08524441907485557, -0.2641735189132277, -0.057845861936175774, 0.03519911002665541, 0.05793046048127635, 0.0963656747453781, 0.05355986115674293, 0.033064386371501484, -0.0927353403188086, -0.14222082170042347, 0.30631647703721543, -0.05768655145327856, 0.15481452134170737, 0.15999925244859484, -0.19190121958638692, -0.2732295149453562, 0.21636621147942867, 0.1047183111411079, 0.06513114856888158, -0.18960739047692496, 0.059414386999244666, -0.01920099401586624, 0.30610420414455985, 0.050428943852930105, 0.040500252220424096, 0.2726899251024159, 0.12411483646191787, -0.06203009892803754, 0.19597072590886103, -0.34840129492551725, 0.03241230360080683, -0.2490769504829375, 0.0018318678728889586, -0.14207700617311797, 0.12082428413320535, -0.07776357048275058, -0.11872813192939805, 0.4390075551273749, 0.09274447835664186, 0.147243885586919, 0.010641922265951804, 0.303480445342355, 0.09433589245430953, 0.020246319714644852, 0.16726606770223656, 0.34521254269016344, 0.07918526868465854, 0.2061081444221917, -0.23649198262001994, 0.005821207837858634, -0.009793972892527895] |
709.3713 | Existence, uniqueness and approximation for stochastic Schrodinger
equation: the Poisson case | In quantum physics, recent investigations deal with the so-called "quantum
trajectory" theory. Heuristic rules are usually used to give rise to
"stochastic Schrodinger equations" which are stochastic differential equations
of non-usual type describing the physical models. These equations pose tedious
problems in terms of mathematical justification: notion of solution, existence,
uniqueness, justification... In this article, we concentrate on a particular
case: the Poisson case. Random measure theory is used in order to give rigorous
sense to such equations. We prove existence and uniqueness of a solution for
the associated stochastic equation. Furthermore, the stochastic model is
physically justified by proving that the solution can be obtained as a limit of
a concrete discrete time physical model.
| math.PR math-ph math.MP quant-ph | in quantum physics recent investigations deal with the socalled quantum trajectory theory heuristic rules are usually used to give rise to stochastic schrodinger equations which are stochastic differential equations of nonusual type describing the physical models these equations pose tedious problems in terms of mathematical justification notion of solution existence uniqueness justification in this article we concentrate on a particular case the poisson case random measure theory is used in order to give rigorous sense to such equations we prove existence and uniqueness of a solution for the associated stochastic equation furthermore the stochastic model is physically justified by proving that the solution can be obtained as a limit of a concrete discrete time physical model | [['in', 'quantum', 'physics', 'recent', 'investigations', 'deal', 'with', 'the', 'socalled', 'quantum', 'trajectory', 'theory', 'heuristic', 'rules', 'are', 'usually', 'used', 'to', 'give', 'rise', 'to', 'stochastic', 'schrodinger', 'equations', 'which', 'are', 'stochastic', 'differential', 'equations', 'of', 'nonusual', 'type', 'describing', 'the', 'physical', 'models', 'these', 'equations', 'pose', 'tedious', 'problems', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'mathematical', 'justification', 'notion', 'of', 'solution', 'existence', 'uniqueness', 'justification', 'in', 'this', 'article', 'we', 'concentrate', 'on', 'a', 'particular', 'case', 'the', 'poisson', 'case', 'random', 'measure', 'theory', 'is', 'used', 'in', 'order', 'to', 'give', 'rigorous', 'sense', 'to', 'such', 'equations', 'we', 'prove', 'existence', 'and', 'uniqueness', 'of', 'a', 'solution', 'for', 'the', 'associated', 'stochastic', 'equation', 'furthermore', 'the', 'stochastic', 'model', 'is', 'physically', 'justified', 'by', 'proving', 'that', 'the', 'solution', 'can', 'be', 'obtained', 'as', 'a', 'limit', 'of', 'a', 'concrete', 'discrete', 'time', 'physical', 'model']] | [-0.10766404817394655, 0.03321049292571843, -0.10191065432094358, 0.10811877121109162, -0.12692343668434128, -0.15152661231796033, 0.006875779578092925, 0.27257523755542934, -0.29183790766120216, -0.2655637861984172, 0.11824330748942007, -0.24316779029523505, -0.1932279263374171, 0.18155464157662837, -0.09971023373434255, 0.0997193483796356, 0.07254235154511568, 0.023067803294719035, -0.06413461307288501, -0.21051975733857473, 0.2983128931232856, -0.013018015502141145, 0.2398063986369505, 0.027457179774626576, 0.14324830626619273, -0.03105972891930362, -0.02670917166637835, 0.036994588866444494, -0.1703448759431169, 0.09838034396674128, 0.27700197343566635, 0.10422409666453264, 0.30558270912874363, -0.4808040875058364, -0.23127487118773418, 0.1063678241615858, 0.12168974573784187, 0.15899958865664868, -0.04194039526969548, -0.3004361803619319, 0.07439302522608818, -0.14113162958127415, -0.21975011271745737, -0.1278159243078774, -0.008073580916970968, 0.04040083624743696, -0.26081075374004914, 0.10107200220227242, 0.09571944764044521, 0.02431439559235326, -0.11029964452408704, -0.053889717420980594, 0.038941735686766434, 0.03856054996943165, 0.05056506512758868, -0.023902964671864976, 0.04564876655710797, -0.10799533375819888, -0.15901504331047583, 0.3871619846061643, -0.051125031927046524, -0.3038122327516562, 0.16466163281062296, -0.07050592802737936, -0.15708031379296605, 0.09262524013445664, 0.17396116510418982, 0.161349357860484, -0.20183048739322815, 0.1404706257759746, -0.07315815799339706, 0.1105106058450223, 0.053346624810666106, 0.036165256502813305, 0.14060884436335544, 0.14768744159513955, 0.08433040806317124, 0.10722822578250558, 0.04152805312257662, -0.21998969059244827, -0.3762170126147825, -0.12992392904687158, -0.11307267669652557, 0.13207041321258092, -0.08916831068312729, -0.21997323791207424, 0.3410390107731881, 0.18148577430863574, 0.15263902996531245, 0.07589754574743485, 0.23563612780758533, 0.24205223625377303, -0.0599905740668403, 0.012749138765904153, 0.19745113545073326, 0.19762572899444736, 0.13007732650570186, -0.15971801013300388, 0.0809694500931073, 0.19102711013743076] |
709.3714 | Quasinormal Modes and Late-Time Tails of Canonical Acoustic Black Holes | In this paper, we investigate the evolution of classical wave propagation in
the canonical acoustic black hole by numerical method and discuss the details
of tail phenomenon. The oscillating frequency and damping time scale both
increase with the angular momentum $l$. For the lower $l$, numerical results
show the lowest WKB approximation gives the most reliable result. We also find
that time scale of the interim region from ringing to tail is not affected
obviously by changing $l$.
| gr-qc | in this paper we investigate the evolution of classical wave propagation in the canonical acoustic black hole by numerical method and discuss the details of tail phenomenon the oscillating frequency and damping time scale both increase with the angular momentum l for the lower l numerical results show the lowest wkb approximation gives the most reliable result we also find that time scale of the interim region from ringing to tail is not affected obviously by changing l | [['in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'investigate', 'the', 'evolution', 'of', 'classical', 'wave', 'propagation', 'in', 'the', 'canonical', 'acoustic', 'black', 'hole', 'by', 'numerical', 'method', 'and', 'discuss', 'the', 'details', 'of', 'tail', 'phenomenon', 'the', 'oscillating', 'frequency', 'and', 'damping', 'time', 'scale', 'both', 'increase', 'with', 'the', 'angular', 'momentum', 'l', 'for', 'the', 'lower', 'l', 'numerical', 'results', 'show', 'the', 'lowest', 'wkb', 'approximation', 'gives', 'the', 'most', 'reliable', 'result', 'we', 'also', 'find', 'that', 'time', 'scale', 'of', 'the', 'interim', 'region', 'from', 'ringing', 'to', 'tail', 'is', 'not', 'affected', 'obviously', 'by', 'changing', 'l']] | [-0.15113260871611345, 0.13112649323347098, -0.07954197860537814, 0.09868784706132153, -0.0884159765421198, -0.0762600212392266, 0.04244145229369259, 0.33855550967825526, -0.2571862391032016, -0.30412950030026525, 0.0775441905813447, -0.23505525805581456, -0.12648424339026976, 0.21989436552692682, 0.000515350746214748, 0.0335529869950663, 0.04415250010788441, 0.023500805995307673, -0.07538178301332757, -0.18348660577948278, 0.32505298177831066, 0.14096406022667324, 0.26747683461946553, 0.039167100975576505, 0.05160285523519493, -0.009349286574153947, -0.08026766492865789, -0.01024633244676993, -0.1655103278810715, 0.03126050849469044, 0.19325924594289598, 0.06263437854627577, 0.2607855562789318, -0.39824146944551897, -0.20081921711337203, 0.038980173950011916, 0.201151186788383, 0.14225193253980997, -0.03914153413512768, -0.2370246465986547, 0.07212593715965528, -0.17476045731335688, -0.18360499166047725, -0.04225452969041772, 0.06771589003694363, 0.023079575931532394, -0.22487682715440407, 0.1657052466445095, 0.09887841503876142, -0.021337246999908716, -0.06395866041585134, -0.09343973447520955, -0.0036642643002172313, 0.06923947499718708, 0.10543223801188362, 0.021659638905802216, 0.11244464736097516, -0.0989658788819678, -0.05767897945136214, 0.33777509187945187, -0.09730048562423924, -0.16931820025675756, 0.14983242156748205, -0.26081454339668525, -0.05024041468874575, 0.14837458771534073, 0.15027694558748642, 0.11791468421833064, -0.09180980789899014, 0.08796008224211012, 0.007034277436151826, 0.16374563203694728, 0.11177552874701527, 0.07208386128648925, 0.17991344228339118, 0.13956728835070792, 0.0442866052990445, 0.12992937769516943, -0.11306056683100998, -0.0640430675747876, -0.31731242046524316, -0.0941320579403486, -0.18130351709297451, 0.03319023049642475, -0.1002493517571099, -0.15141795255103482, 0.3959514276148417, 0.18231408242718317, 0.23279054818871933, 0.07727447934209919, 0.30247963496889824, 0.15809469221112055, 0.012332450228337294, 0.12427827958256388, 0.2792216407923171, 0.08330243981729907, 0.13683044055524546, -0.3153752966766031, 0.0225698195087413, 0.06723768286741315] |
709.3715 | Criteria for homotopic maps to be so along monotone homotopies | The state spaces of machines admit the structure of time. A homotopy theory
respecting this additional structure can detect machine behavior unseen by
classical homotopy theory. In an attempt to bootstrap classical tools into the
world of abstract spacetime, we identify criteria for classically homotopic,
monotone maps of pospaces to future homotope, or homotope along homotopies
monotone in both coordinates, to a common map. We show that consequently, a
hypercontinuous lattice equipped with its Lawson topology is future
contractible, or contractible along a future homotopy, if its underlying space
has connected CW type.
| math.AT | the state spaces of machines admit the structure of time a homotopy theory respecting this additional structure can detect machine behavior unseen by classical homotopy theory in an attempt to bootstrap classical tools into the world of abstract spacetime we identify criteria for classically homotopic monotone maps of pospaces to future homotope or homotope along homotopies monotone in both coordinates to a common map we show that consequently a hypercontinuous lattice equipped with its lawson topology is future contractible or contractible along a future homotopy if its underlying space has connected cw type | [['the', 'state', 'spaces', 'of', 'machines', 'admit', 'the', 'structure', 'of', 'time', 'a', 'homotopy', 'theory', 'respecting', 'this', 'additional', 'structure', 'can', 'detect', 'machine', 'behavior', 'unseen', 'by', 'classical', 'homotopy', 'theory', 'in', 'an', 'attempt', 'to', 'bootstrap', 'classical', 'tools', 'into', 'the', 'world', 'of', 'abstract', 'spacetime', 'we', 'identify', 'criteria', 'for', 'classically', 'homotopic', 'monotone', 'maps', 'of', 'pospaces', 'to', 'future', 'homotope', 'or', 'homotope', 'along', 'homotopies', 'monotone', 'in', 'both', 'coordinates', 'to', 'a', 'common', 'map', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'consequently', 'a', 'hypercontinuous', 'lattice', 'equipped', 'with', 'its', 'lawson', 'topology', 'is', 'future', 'contractible', 'or', 'contractible', 'along', 'a', 'future', 'homotopy', 'if', 'its', 'underlying', 'space', 'has', 'connected', 'cw', 'type']] | [-0.1578956385844827, 0.08972560855084642, -0.10562071515661146, 0.11242216306014194, -0.13849771755437057, -0.1845880649259521, 0.03890917482333155, 0.41925365465382736, -0.3678815011866391, -0.20333363017998635, 0.11107278921020527, -0.24041609646648995, -0.15531629767372376, 0.16318316988828074, -0.1418067722167406, 0.020684269457382873, 0.05223000168852094, 0.0999118341339959, -0.08054883849755344, -0.22488243127785001, 0.3649537712439067, -0.01015772273660534, 0.223298350126869, -0.0008395650941464636, 0.1027506755365822, -0.007644828320998285, -0.014326421796189, 0.05382517458217788, -0.12167576203945726, 0.14745789137410206, 0.2955297160065836, 0.15133919702687612, 0.22804525202243692, -0.41650622613314126, -0.21630112503965696, 0.17809341488819982, 0.12795276325196028, 0.01904931052380966, 0.003213878596822421, -0.3204935998966297, 0.09852326122539429, -0.11211018142186933, -0.1809631353399406, -0.12909398596707938, 0.011350977291456527, -0.00796289672402458, -0.18819306227507898, -0.06878741981151203, 0.08908958519653727, 0.07095246644069751, -0.07999874462063114, 0.006063391609738271, -0.09542874969645507, 0.11686042686406937, -0.013028425317154162, 0.10058681257586512, 0.11877768692663974, -0.08095392144750804, -0.19805864583080013, 0.36095391863232684, -0.039994124887097214, -0.2510095818589131, 0.1910613602027297, -0.11833503551056815, -0.187327730236575, 0.1394473043192799, 0.1052084532359408, 0.1114797645351953, -0.08197351225988112, 0.1840989465204378, -0.031734853299955526, 0.13004958764132526, 0.06313538673437304, 0.0007055035947511594, 0.19084083474137717, 0.1482984225317422, 0.13156157697861393, 0.1400737621769723, -0.006556835946523481, -0.11066127331190122, -0.3145755225275126, -0.16274925157324308, -0.09414766476903524, 0.13216466064461405, -0.09097542005798055, -0.22050536771615345, 0.35938336331293813, 0.10205116394467445, 0.16077983891074027, 0.10946765040150946, 0.2836392761932479, 0.004872854861120383, 0.06400379591662689, 0.05714677524649435, 0.17517820017205343, 0.15954016923335276, 0.05206497938035884, -0.10793394192587584, 0.00492823696630593, 0.1596064584174504] |
709.3716 | Numerical Improvement of the Discrete Element Method applied to Shear of
Granular Media | We present a detailed analysis of the bounds on the integration step in
Discrete Element Method (DEM) for simulating collisions and shearing of
granular assemblies. We show that, in the numerical scheme, the upper limit for
the integration step, usually taken from the average time $t_c$ of one contact,
is in fact not sufficiently small to guarantee numerical convergence of the
system during relaxation. In particular, we study in detail how the kinetic
energy decays during the relaxation stage and compute the correct upper limits
for the integration step, which are significantly smaller than the ones
commonly used. In addition, we introduce an alternative approach, based on
simple relations to compute the frictional forces, that converges even for
integration steps above the upper limit.
| cond-mat.mtrl-sci | we present a detailed analysis of the bounds on the integration step in discrete element method dem for simulating collisions and shearing of granular assemblies we show that in the numerical scheme the upper limit for the integration step usually taken from the average time t_c of one contact is in fact not sufficiently small to guarantee numerical convergence of the system during relaxation in particular we study in detail how the kinetic energy decays during the relaxation stage and compute the correct upper limits for the integration step which are significantly smaller than the ones commonly used in addition we introduce an alternative approach based on simple relations to compute the frictional forces that converges even for integration steps above the upper limit | [['we', 'present', 'a', 'detailed', 'analysis', 'of', 'the', 'bounds', 'on', 'the', 'integration', 'step', 'in', 'discrete', 'element', 'method', 'dem', 'for', 'simulating', 'collisions', 'and', 'shearing', 'of', 'granular', 'assemblies', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'in', 'the', 'numerical', 'scheme', 'the', 'upper', 'limit', 'for', 'the', 'integration', 'step', 'usually', 'taken', 'from', 'the', 'average', 'time', 't_c', 'of', 'one', 'contact', 'is', 'in', 'fact', 'not', 'sufficiently', 'small', 'to', 'guarantee', 'numerical', 'convergence', 'of', 'the', 'system', 'during', 'relaxation', 'in', 'particular', 'we', 'study', 'in', 'detail', 'how', 'the', 'kinetic', 'energy', 'decays', 'during', 'the', 'relaxation', 'stage', 'and', 'compute', 'the', 'correct', 'upper', 'limits', 'for', 'the', 'integration', 'step', 'which', 'are', 'significantly', 'smaller', 'than', 'the', 'ones', 'commonly', 'used', 'in', 'addition', 'we', 'introduce', 'an', 'alternative', 'approach', 'based', 'on', 'simple', 'relations', 'to', 'compute', 'the', 'frictional', 'forces', 'that', 'converges', 'even', 'for', 'integration', 'steps', 'above', 'the', 'upper', 'limit']] | [-0.0853842196069778, 0.09988625165586258, -0.11048861148376618, 0.07363700590400596, -0.01324613117462685, -0.07099298973222293, 0.06371477829769344, 0.3578436727290072, -0.23467218994553532, -0.2969038049810596, 0.11984644802625201, -0.24232632614251587, -0.11252049583614984, 0.23499008258729573, 0.0045681834003076915, 0.06238139861623847, 0.0986361815997835, 0.007973858987116405, -0.06404352527498568, -0.23302091087868076, 0.2674629973987448, 0.06514446477916452, 0.27635778996327354, 0.06141576918608119, 0.09150349843360844, -0.020198327185015283, -0.021438590243398663, 0.016777181267952395, -0.17930036553826217, 0.09447840660188024, 0.2024479131139214, 0.03603352944652039, 0.25596614462894296, -0.47769397974855476, -0.16732128717722522, 0.09183407297748472, 0.17611999614276894, 0.11642297184669352, -0.0269186063162652, -0.21016255354568844, 0.08538504267081377, -0.1438135713631768, -0.10902163192006428, -0.08384328056126833, 0.026688251246307648, 0.019466476535589826, -0.2802875560009852, 0.08866818192144556, 0.08206268001888548, 0.033037085139855454, -0.06677987382581999, -0.10162279984609585, 0.036090605036025084, 0.1248792497321002, 0.04427605797912205, -0.016678173406680506, 0.14431767679578175, -0.0944670649224727, -0.06441358147158978, 0.37981207281230916, -0.0881266264710986, -0.20509070740832436, 0.18792501455848856, -0.12421671106975767, -0.15704729003951914, 0.1652025214937185, 0.19126300888526584, 0.1372374894488002, -0.13256876303386245, 0.05301403391621857, 0.013633344352485673, 0.16161730233579874, 0.05259031397215421, -0.004164093023826999, 0.12184844798438492, 0.21022110022867338, 0.100871441660509, 0.1477087763618798, -0.10295488625190281, -0.13693919504481938, -0.3554813162228393, -0.18098750868586883, -0.1916751993084026, 0.010992300083730257, -0.10081537601875043, -0.14150156655852053, 0.34073957151107487, 0.1919351685717101, 0.19782111022411095, 0.10940786590142507, 0.32907409401189897, 0.1712277789314788, 0.047544565581296, 0.0873849933118289, 0.26943284977648047, 0.09498430067117536, 0.10870523780824677, -0.23707135854056105, 0.06927864452553613, 0.12572864849390764] |
709.3717 | Fermions with spin 1/2 as global SO(3) vortices | In this paper we show that the nontrivial fundamental group $\pi_1 SO(3)
={\Bbb Z}_2$ for the group SO(3) of global proper rotations of a
four-dimensional Euclidian space (when a spin structure is introduced
preliminarily in that space) implies always fermions as global SO(3) vortices,
while bosons can be reduced to trivial lines (contracted into a point) in the
SO(3) group space.
| hep-th gr-qc | in this paper we show that the nontrivial fundamental group pi_1 so3 bbb z_2 for the group so3 of global proper rotations of a fourdimensional euclidian space when a spin structure is introduced preliminarily in that space implies always fermions as global so3 vortices while bosons can be reduced to trivial lines contracted into a point in the so3 group space | [['in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'nontrivial', 'fundamental', 'group', 'pi_1', 'so3', 'bbb', 'z_2', 'for', 'the', 'group', 'so3', 'of', 'global', 'proper', 'rotations', 'of', 'a', 'fourdimensional', 'euclidian', 'space', 'when', 'a', 'spin', 'structure', 'is', 'introduced', 'preliminarily', 'in', 'that', 'space', 'implies', 'always', 'fermions', 'as', 'global', 'so3', 'vortices', 'while', 'bosons', 'can', 'be', 'reduced', 'to', 'trivial', 'lines', 'contracted', 'into', 'a', 'point', 'in', 'the', 'so3', 'group', 'space']] | [-0.21210732753770273, 0.21344002108776666, -0.07141708771957726, 0.05095995040076067, -0.11137788052685925, -0.09005110239090978, -0.0004249358164207613, 0.3909861046637668, -0.2632953699708718, -0.1729848852197899, 0.11421189308510024, -0.19193910532554642, -0.14492290364731042, 0.12225599119775608, -0.06586552339560184, -0.029325801421140062, -0.028417413229825068, 0.07796066841415938, -0.2038815848407198, -0.23602762149234655, 0.32117021041082555, -0.0758884959838918, 0.27563039692821073, -0.06793894303474025, 0.12361296941144545, 0.005011448132820794, 0.040920218433726764, 0.013089937881707809, -0.09972593770863404, 0.04306790132655716, 0.23678787812957022, 0.009620068442137515, 0.14094207836238698, -0.3934860471025354, -0.20243244455959342, 0.16941085736435213, 0.2297358858078474, 0.07809860732207899, -0.04688295521048188, -0.368475326382723, 0.08250259688948511, -0.16078887739386716, -0.15944712867074814, -0.10524696420084258, 0.06249331759258372, -0.12992581969497297, -0.22182097028059214, 0.033187486948903465, 0.07880816547597042, 0.09753400328584381, -0.053968351509910625, -0.05454806772778269, -0.16389373735692658, 0.1276283532855307, 0.090960666861721, 0.14249562622490722, 0.09697540085304712, -0.09422797181063378, -0.12412519349915083, 0.48076533844129593, -0.09838699001330332, -0.28956498205661774, 0.07666167339737542, -0.15279104362135051, -0.21966469721471676, 0.15064924909565292, 0.13922282397655433, 0.09316452184203462, -0.05726330447775029, 0.20321441629565642, -0.1629314749639054, 0.13663287506845292, -0.012816733146300082, 0.020719028257413723, 0.17839114897747022, 0.07588272761232907, 0.1785014007301604, 0.09061270990679957, 0.007011711236745974, -0.07897702521705603, -0.3444740611632339, -0.26602856225532584, -0.15124723596162484, 0.11763197048109209, -0.08074369431152696, -0.10790902684580107, 0.3895648808035328, 0.025207926939073644, 0.17868014835928123, 0.008325512337757916, 0.22105434456397396, 0.04582777516878225, 0.07213975385319991, 0.0952919518620875, 0.18407782068720363, 0.12153620918693601, -0.07572124482010353, -0.22900083408400904, -0.13181139360807959, 0.20534991840908273] |
709.3718 | Electronic correlations and disorder in transport through
one-dimensional nanoparticle arrays | We analyze and clarify the transport properties of a one-dimensional metallic
nanoparticle array with interaction between charges restricted to charges
placed in the same conductor. We study the threshold voltage, the I-V curves
and the potential drop through the array and their dependence on the array
parameters including the effect of charge and resistance disorder. We show that
very close to threshold the current depends linearly on voltage with a slope
independent on the array size. At intermediate bias voltages, for which a
Coulomb staircase is observed we find that the average potential drop through
the array oscillates with position. At higher voltages I-V curves are linear
but have a finite offset voltage. We show that the slope is given by the
inverse of the resistances added in series and estimate the voltage at which
this linear regime is reached. We also calculate the offset voltage and relate
it to the potential drop through the array.
| cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.str-el | we analyze and clarify the transport properties of a onedimensional metallic nanoparticle array with interaction between charges restricted to charges placed in the same conductor we study the threshold voltage the iv curves and the potential drop through the array and their dependence on the array parameters including the effect of charge and resistance disorder we show that very close to threshold the current depends linearly on voltage with a slope independent on the array size at intermediate bias voltages for which a coulomb staircase is observed we find that the average potential drop through the array oscillates with position at higher voltages iv curves are linear but have a finite offset voltage we show that the slope is given by the inverse of the resistances added in series and estimate the voltage at which this linear regime is reached we also calculate the offset voltage and relate it to the potential drop through the array | [['we', 'analyze', 'and', 'clarify', 'the', 'transport', 'properties', 'of', 'a', 'onedimensional', 'metallic', 'nanoparticle', 'array', 'with', 'interaction', 'between', 'charges', 'restricted', 'to', 'charges', 'placed', 'in', 'the', 'same', 'conductor', 'we', 'study', 'the', 'threshold', 'voltage', 'the', 'iv', 'curves', 'and', 'the', 'potential', 'drop', 'through', 'the', 'array', 'and', 'their', 'dependence', 'on', 'the', 'array', 'parameters', 'including', 'the', 'effect', 'of', 'charge', 'and', 'resistance', 'disorder', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'very', 'close', 'to', 'threshold', 'the', 'current', 'depends', 'linearly', 'on', 'voltage', 'with', 'a', 'slope', 'independent', 'on', 'the', 'array', 'size', 'at', 'intermediate', 'bias', 'voltages', 'for', 'which', 'a', 'coulomb', 'staircase', 'is', 'observed', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'the', 'average', 'potential', 'drop', 'through', 'the', 'array', 'oscillates', 'with', 'position', 'at', 'higher', 'voltages', 'iv', 'curves', 'are', 'linear', 'but', 'have', 'a', 'finite', 'offset', 'voltage', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'slope', 'is', 'given', 'by', 'the', 'inverse', 'of', 'the', 'resistances', 'added', 'in', 'series', 'and', 'estimate', 'the', 'voltage', 'at', 'which', 'this', 'linear', 'regime', 'is', 'reached', 'we', 'also', 'calculate', 'the', 'offset', 'voltage', 'and', 'relate', 'it', 'to', 'the', 'potential', 'drop', 'through', 'the', 'array']] | [-0.14600266336958903, 0.12355386236539254, -0.04803567505381906, -0.0008863020965901131, -0.023763661119095884, -0.16179788388455144, 0.09800559406479199, 0.4096002841057877, -0.26080156093797624, -0.31252254535241103, 0.07376192822210634, -0.2990922562372035, -0.12140997244195881, 0.2068908036020823, -0.007862294492765497, -0.01754002173845201, 0.011117403511889279, 0.01753979479559721, -0.08377442315656644, -0.20395477580202098, 0.2737911105535041, 0.059520086294446044, 0.3084492777319004, 0.10392982649724357, 0.11215910132234104, -0.0015530105775747544, 0.04393001759830767, 0.07977774566731965, -0.12337536539635972, 0.020511969171751004, 0.19980924617751347, -0.05888832785986336, 0.20290133240334213, -0.4181149210422658, -0.14802246709139302, 0.08086134533350094, 0.084285255930482, 0.12070577864935143, -0.05633783031132621, -0.22365274675077018, 0.094862891593948, -0.13780456750940245, -0.1449256093944244, 0.021662784268697485, 0.06573116621121955, 0.10453973773072879, -0.2487532813102007, 0.06323200272461878, 0.017706359763486453, 0.04751595531781323, -0.03566091677072482, -0.1283496398395166, -0.028830943696308307, 0.11185330170514927, 0.018524494596745055, 0.009798062477225008, 0.1909711783668265, -0.13420200505956578, -0.026855373847632646, 0.2728553020861, -0.07750489401559417, -0.1580032727857216, 0.1540506990471234, -0.2137177729059775, -0.031461893777864486, 0.1200610673523699, 0.1652835507232409, 0.04423554537173074, -0.10078798250134031, 0.07217375913527437, 0.013553290783117214, 0.19387323737352674, 0.08526804838150454, -0.0014672186427140753, 0.2543219499792217, 0.1584687423802769, 0.09422871473287113, 0.19088681310397357, -0.15075065145561567, -0.028885743246437647, -0.3103978125235209, -0.0890927903342228, -0.1661794133997785, 0.049210472451821446, -0.07924551635518676, -0.19157233569794932, 0.4444239767208973, 0.13961885425930795, 0.23617091016897646, 0.06865526495489459, 0.2687293099066338, 0.19919677624383417, 0.09250679016202831, 0.051733966191255976, 0.24912921892992484, 0.1463013528085027, 0.10537407035754325, -0.3255135197526751, 0.059992614664877646, -0.002543936159688597] |
709.3719 | Implementation of the Random Forest Method for the Imaging Atmospheric
Cherenkov Telescope MAGIC | The paper describes an application of the tree classification method Random
Forest (RF), as used in the analysis of data from the ground-based gamma
telescope MAGIC. In such telescopes, cosmic gamma-rays are observed and have to
be discriminated against a dominating background of hadronic cosmic-ray
particles. We describe the application of RF for this gamma/hadron separation.
The RF method often shows superior performance in comparison with traditional
semi-empirical techniques. Critical issues of the method and its implementation
are discussed. An application of the RF method for estimation of a continuous
parameter from related variables, rather than discrete classes, is also
discussed.
| astro-ph | the paper describes an application of the tree classification method random forest rf as used in the analysis of data from the groundbased gamma telescope magic in such telescopes cosmic gammarays are observed and have to be discriminated against a dominating background of hadronic cosmicray particles we describe the application of rf for this gammahadron separation the rf method often shows superior performance in comparison with traditional semiempirical techniques critical issues of the method and its implementation are discussed an application of the rf method for estimation of a continuous parameter from related variables rather than discrete classes is also discussed | [['the', 'paper', 'describes', 'an', 'application', 'of', 'the', 'tree', 'classification', 'method', 'random', 'forest', 'rf', 'as', 'used', 'in', 'the', 'analysis', 'of', 'data', 'from', 'the', 'groundbased', 'gamma', 'telescope', 'magic', 'in', 'such', 'telescopes', 'cosmic', 'gammarays', 'are', 'observed', 'and', 'have', 'to', 'be', 'discriminated', 'against', 'a', 'dominating', 'background', 'of', 'hadronic', 'cosmicray', 'particles', 'we', 'describe', 'the', 'application', 'of', 'rf', 'for', 'this', 'gammahadron', 'separation', 'the', 'rf', 'method', 'often', 'shows', 'superior', 'performance', 'in', 'comparison', 'with', 'traditional', 'semiempirical', 'techniques', 'critical', 'issues', 'of', 'the', 'method', 'and', 'its', 'implementation', 'are', 'discussed', 'an', 'application', 'of', 'the', 'rf', 'method', 'for', 'estimation', 'of', 'a', 'continuous', 'parameter', 'from', 'related', 'variables', 'rather', 'than', 'discrete', 'classes', 'is', 'also', 'discussed']] | [-0.047428832813581026, 0.11530465778628465, -0.05876801292052363, 0.08972784535069535, -0.0598293521284762, -0.12049986416990362, 0.027489123452168952, 0.4147115540091354, -0.224539302916515, -0.32415508438134566, 0.0916236710358909, -0.2768129241459145, -0.11646438343911478, 0.2870535975838504, -0.041404077100871815, 0.06677688140679142, 0.09950416968526817, 0.01764031550800889, -0.04562456089781948, -0.20587011505987976, 0.2691012145075394, 0.12386617940472494, 0.3122313099885636, 0.01826627804012508, 0.09006077285491779, -0.009301611431528547, -0.10726961497641584, 0.02207104051670078, -0.08012842001522531, 0.09952383310681596, 0.2678401161464724, 0.16683812344695745, 0.2086243281500543, -0.3629347338055325, -0.22548372183216386, 0.131975000910922, 0.12721078024282684, 0.07608643295427803, -0.033833942288477525, -0.2875717999044769, 0.0697305557873598, -0.19816656154349888, -0.13283148483087373, -0.037629002845836895, -0.0707055411698057, 0.09025704691942671, -0.2503837972215497, 0.037982045004598446, 0.033172557513128115, 0.08501926456384434, -0.07379990385610168, -0.150105759081901, 0.0515265580356619, 0.08495152719540171, 0.06247540366706798, 0.047781567153806735, 0.11451197224254213, -0.10933177682829301, -0.14158634105605064, 0.37447163947664275, -0.05616553096716767, -0.15240784142498331, 0.1979436554235987, -0.07220752087264957, -0.17850952670162562, 0.15250851404576535, 0.19972452211498035, 0.09976557050693301, -0.15553946816131914, 0.0793439210703744, 0.02852765653319288, 0.14454050161091997, 0.040698224464246986, 0.02380138888291203, 0.1587689671536336, 0.2237671943621175, 0.08686771512372733, 0.169507795178313, -0.16620799086383994, -0.004657046786408023, -0.2804538406487001, -0.12514569029433303, -0.22244842343106128, 0.008509883046205534, -0.08779761691244624, -0.1839619883437558, 0.41901671715855304, 0.1661981527306287, 0.16349740003669025, 0.005090091829326483, 0.3669240735010198, 0.08782454673085582, 0.03985151446120131, 0.042902018971704314, 0.2528767691023814, 0.14037243272223981, 0.09851536818660132, -0.19266541416429464, 0.053002647055073245, 0.0381106463154907] |
709.372 | Magnetoresistance in an all-manganite heterostructure | We study the magnetic and transport properties of all-manganite
heterostructures consisting of ferromagnetic metallic electrodes separated by
an antiferromagnetic barrier. We find that the magnetic ordering in the barrier
is influenced by the relative orientation of the electrodes magnetization
producing a large difference in resistance between the parallel and
antiparallel orientations of the ferromagnetic layers. The external application
of a magnetic field in a parallel configuration also leads to large
magnetoresistance.
| cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.mtrl-sci | we study the magnetic and transport properties of allmanganite heterostructures consisting of ferromagnetic metallic electrodes separated by an antiferromagnetic barrier we find that the magnetic ordering in the barrier is influenced by the relative orientation of the electrodes magnetization producing a large difference in resistance between the parallel and antiparallel orientations of the ferromagnetic layers the external application of a magnetic field in a parallel configuration also leads to large magnetoresistance | [['we', 'study', 'the', 'magnetic', 'and', 'transport', 'properties', 'of', 'allmanganite', 'heterostructures', 'consisting', 'of', 'ferromagnetic', 'metallic', 'electrodes', 'separated', 'by', 'an', 'antiferromagnetic', 'barrier', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'the', 'magnetic', 'ordering', 'in', 'the', 'barrier', 'is', 'influenced', 'by', 'the', 'relative', 'orientation', 'of', 'the', 'electrodes', 'magnetization', 'producing', 'a', 'large', 'difference', 'in', 'resistance', 'between', 'the', 'parallel', 'and', 'antiparallel', 'orientations', 'of', 'the', 'ferromagnetic', 'layers', 'the', 'external', 'application', 'of', 'a', 'magnetic', 'field', 'in', 'a', 'parallel', 'configuration', 'also', 'leads', 'to', 'large', 'magnetoresistance']] | [-0.25796790864052516, 0.19534683362767932, 0.025964773739022867, -0.020062315775014994, -0.024791542144625315, -0.10129256843190108, 0.04416021168996979, 0.4285323940217495, -0.2903265680652112, -0.3473329920587795, -0.06317409707865279, -0.26711236451353343, -0.08881059853093964, 0.19335672128945589, 0.07067312223038504, -0.07979718177677049, -0.008695357692028794, -0.04770344604205872, -0.10312115272972733, -0.19256917036836968, 0.2993438829701128, -0.025086345856211015, 0.3234271508774587, 0.09202524168150765, 0.0693748468000974, 0.009296337501811129, 0.16361586116254329, 0.11306668119505048, -0.1199157799632563, 0.07789617130266768, 0.1915163270596947, -0.1641867998588298, 0.19337258319969156, -0.49877313269036155, -0.09264177653406347, 0.0014425859320908786, 0.11114108840535794, 0.1383178352777447, -0.06971279827079603, -0.2588429231728826, 0.0798654826890145, -0.09964495848897578, -0.10016851233667694, -0.045262826766286575, -0.010257649273678128, 0.07161436981321978, -0.27387899555531997, 0.07964734682173003, 0.12059830016275686, 0.13679122915158848, -0.10969493557432933, -0.07910454072324292, -0.07473983421389546, 0.09015508222260646, 0.08533299812448344, 0.07999338029684233, 0.18040034229468022, -0.13850078286237216, -0.14112394247204066, 0.25769786781498366, -0.04705778590536543, -0.13578992815954344, 0.15559966436454228, -0.18252209472869124, 0.00562435154403959, 0.13976131612767598, 0.1332643457771545, 0.12296394434358393, -0.15193698040342757, 0.08990926614663164, 0.014452124945819378, 0.1435243399065387, 0.08333991027570196, -0.019853749199371253, 0.29532371850218625, 0.21027808585869415, 0.08663993309518056, 0.22327849317890858, -0.1744224310453449, -0.06673010486577238, -0.20794942818049875, -0.23540124830656817, -0.2188365413009056, 0.07408719235765082, -0.11635836103357308, -0.2740219582670501, 0.4155087800097785, 0.1793641241932554, 0.20074139213455575, -0.12543165468876916, 0.2958359058946371, 0.0481069537411843, 0.09181235477195254, 0.05079546506250543, 0.2503269574904282, 0.2549742478677737, 0.15474106930196285, -0.30127829400423384, 0.1337348605040461, -0.05387104496226779] |
709.3721 | Millimeter observations of HCM6A, a gravitationally lensed Lyman alpha
emitting galaxy at z=6.56 | The gravitationally lensed Lyman-alpha emitting galaxy, HCM6A, detected by Hu
et al. (2002) at z=6.56 behind the Abell 370 cluster was observed with the
MAMBO-2 array of bolometers at 1.2mm wavelength. The galaxy was not detected
down to 1.08 mJy (3 sigma), but the depth of the observations and the lens
amplification allow us to improve by approximately one order of magnitude
previously published upper limits on far infrared emission of Lyman-alpha
emitting galaxies at this redshift. The following upper limits are derived from
our observations assuming typical dust parameters: dust mass <5.3x10^7 Msun, IR
luminosity <2.1x10^{11} Lsun, and star formation rate, SFR<35 Msun/yr. The
observed restframe UV--optical--IR spectral energy distribution (SED) of this
galaxy is compatible with that of normal spiral galaxies or blue compact dwarf
galaxies. SEDs of prototypical ULIRGs, such as Arp 220, are clearly excluded.
Finally, we obtain an upper limit of < 2.1x10^{-2} Msun/yr/Mpc^{-3} for the
dust-obscured SFR density of Lyman-alpha selected galaxies at z~6.6.
| astro-ph | the gravitationally lensed lymanalpha emitting galaxy hcm6a detected by hu et al 2002 at z656 behind the abell 370 cluster was observed with the mambo2 array of bolometers at 12mm wavelength the galaxy was not detected down to 108 mjy 3 sigma but the depth of the observations and the lens amplification allow us to improve by approximately one order of magnitude previously published upper limits on far infrared emission of lymanalpha emitting galaxies at this redshift the following upper limits are derived from our observations assuming typical dust parameters dust mass 53x107 msun ir luminosity 21x1011 lsun and star formation rate sfr35 msunyr the observed restframe uvopticalir spectral energy distribution sed of this galaxy is compatible with that of normal spiral galaxies or blue compact dwarf galaxies seds of prototypical ulirgs such as arp 220 are clearly excluded finally we obtain an upper limit of 21x102 msunyrmpc3 for the dustobscured sfr density of lymanalpha selected galaxies at z66 | [['the', 'gravitationally', 'lensed', 'lymanalpha', 'emitting', 'galaxy', 'hcm6a', 'detected', 'by', 'hu', 'et', 'al', '2002', 'at', 'z656', 'behind', 'the', 'abell', '370', 'cluster', 'was', 'observed', 'with', 'the', 'mambo2', 'array', 'of', 'bolometers', 'at', '12mm', 'wavelength', 'the', 'galaxy', 'was', 'not', 'detected', 'down', 'to', '108', 'mjy', '3', 'sigma', 'but', 'the', 'depth', 'of', 'the', 'observations', 'and', 'the', 'lens', 'amplification', 'allow', 'us', 'to', 'improve', 'by', 'approximately', 'one', 'order', 'of', 'magnitude', 'previously', 'published', 'upper', 'limits', 'on', 'far', 'infrared', 'emission', 'of', 'lymanalpha', 'emitting', 'galaxies', 'at', 'this', 'redshift', 'the', 'following', 'upper', 'limits', 'are', 'derived', 'from', 'our', 'observations', 'assuming', 'typical', 'dust', 'parameters', 'dust', 'mass', '53x107', 'msun', 'ir', 'luminosity', '21x1011', 'lsun', 'and', 'star', 'formation', 'rate', 'sfr35', 'msunyr', 'the', 'observed', 'restframe', 'uvopticalir', 'spectral', 'energy', 'distribution', 'sed', 'of', 'this', 'galaxy', 'is', 'compatible', 'with', 'that', 'of', 'normal', 'spiral', 'galaxies', 'or', 'blue', 'compact', 'dwarf', 'galaxies', 'seds', 'of', 'prototypical', 'ulirgs', 'such', 'as', 'arp', '220', 'are', 'clearly', 'excluded', 'finally', 'we', 'obtain', 'an', 'upper', 'limit', 'of', '21x102', 'msunyrmpc3', 'for', 'the', 'dustobscured', 'sfr', 'density', 'of', 'lymanalpha', 'selected', 'galaxies', 'at', 'z66']] | [0.00015349226827637697, 0.0692063321006665, -0.023183381656566873, 0.09662138007339448, -0.10563740239609988, -0.04500866885511921, 0.04499634547914283, 0.46911089059610206, -0.019485648764739148, -0.3736659583802789, 0.031014871124707265, -0.3122317993189566, 0.06374839771365842, 0.1998153049909235, 0.0016588137040320688, -0.016231845478521276, -0.02092610165112628, -0.1728402144732312, 0.012058868839421148, -0.3478411202056286, 0.2596379188516249, 0.11933416022340027, 0.1565665531174417, -0.05331780416711878, 0.1070740919572134, -0.14868687558172938, -0.10337090770152803, -0.10577567233345829, -0.2398630002148704, -0.011103946748428429, 0.2677239602407775, 0.12122525279231083, 0.16618003974331375, -0.28143587316243124, -0.20518618969948968, 0.07427932801081812, 0.2074178953637154, -0.03507688809902622, -0.0006345680247669896, -0.3228619577160153, 0.05461847794970545, -0.14981308209676988, -0.18402493447184753, 0.19082647420537585, 0.03242797890487008, 0.024514719396859456, -0.20985421242613272, 0.2050808809014061, 0.0016296759616428365, 0.0852432752638915, -0.0893654525324774, -0.1052686731937007, -0.11422575152186581, -0.007122390522943953, -0.04882312280600532, 0.1067471588396121, 0.2623699037841363, -0.12963396658858237, 0.00715291410839806, 0.3566116035844271, -0.08716643888366003, 0.14025244927212882, 0.2366269634758982, -0.22126349618730062, -0.22863407409749925, 0.20586188802292618, 0.11738675933790943, 0.0821421637874431, -0.16581627781479022, 0.014435979967507033, -0.047878291473562755, 0.3005173998192335, 0.07842118481699473, 0.11184056996222726, 0.3536898108193269, 0.06977755479060878, 0.043886715588040456, 0.07736308229131958, -0.29670982811158186, 0.04867798895149743, -0.22054499254535095, -0.03837054004319585, -0.16226714283215982, 0.1700040203123092, -0.1750447877042088, -0.05751185310341848, 0.3046559409196608, 0.118646558464463, 0.23545424841965237, 0.1355851907790519, 0.3009393015168965, 0.1275324693370539, 0.11594538733613892, 0.13482890862714833, 0.3537433515004336, 0.1922691589466129, 0.04201468516839668, -0.20759351469221143, 0.014512004814325618, 0.004656637971026775] |
709.3722 | Substructures in lens galaxies: PG1115+080 and B1555+375, two fold
configurations | We study the anomalous flux ratio which is observed in some four-image lens
systems, where the source lies close to a fold caustic. In this case two of the
images are close to the critical curve and their flux ratio should be equal to
unity, instead in several cases the observed value differs significantly. The
most plausible solution is to invoke the presence of substructures, as for
instance predicted by the Cold Dark Matter scenario, located near the two
images. In particular, we analyze the two fold lens systems PG1115+080 and
B1555+375, for which there are not yet satisfactory models which explain the
observed anomalous flux ratios. We add to a smooth lens model, which reproduces
well the positions of the images but not the anomalous fluxes, one or two
substructures described as singular isothermal spheres. For PG1115+080 we
consider a smooth model with the influence of the group of galaxies described
by a SIS and a substructure with mass $\sim 10^{5} M_{\odot}$ as well as a
smooth model with an external shear and one substructure with mass $\sim 10^{8}
M_{\odot}$ . For B1555+375 either a strong external shear or two substructures
with mass $\sim 10^{7} M_{\odot}$ reproduce the data quite well.
| astro-ph | we study the anomalous flux ratio which is observed in some fourimage lens systems where the source lies close to a fold caustic in this case two of the images are close to the critical curve and their flux ratio should be equal to unity instead in several cases the observed value differs significantly the most plausible solution is to invoke the presence of substructures as for instance predicted by the cold dark matter scenario located near the two images in particular we analyze the two fold lens systems pg1115080 and b1555375 for which there are not yet satisfactory models which explain the observed anomalous flux ratios we add to a smooth lens model which reproduces well the positions of the images but not the anomalous fluxes one or two substructures described as singular isothermal spheres for pg1115080 we consider a smooth model with the influence of the group of galaxies described by a sis and a substructure with mass sim 105 m_odot as well as a smooth model with an external shear and one substructure with mass sim 108 m_odot for b1555375 either a strong external shear or two substructures with mass sim 107 m_odot reproduce the data quite well | [['we', 'study', 'the', 'anomalous', 'flux', 'ratio', 'which', 'is', 'observed', 'in', 'some', 'fourimage', 'lens', 'systems', 'where', 'the', 'source', 'lies', 'close', 'to', 'a', 'fold', 'caustic', 'in', 'this', 'case', 'two', 'of', 'the', 'images', 'are', 'close', 'to', 'the', 'critical', 'curve', 'and', 'their', 'flux', 'ratio', 'should', 'be', 'equal', 'to', 'unity', 'instead', 'in', 'several', 'cases', 'the', 'observed', 'value', 'differs', 'significantly', 'the', 'most', 'plausible', 'solution', 'is', 'to', 'invoke', 'the', 'presence', 'of', 'substructures', 'as', 'for', 'instance', 'predicted', 'by', 'the', 'cold', 'dark', 'matter', 'scenario', 'located', 'near', 'the', 'two', 'images', 'in', 'particular', 'we', 'analyze', 'the', 'two', 'fold', 'lens', 'systems', 'pg1115080', 'and', 'b1555375', 'for', 'which', 'there', 'are', 'not', 'yet', 'satisfactory', 'models', 'which', 'explain', 'the', 'observed', 'anomalous', 'flux', 'ratios', 'we', 'add', 'to', 'a', 'smooth', 'lens', 'model', 'which', 'reproduces', 'well', 'the', 'positions', 'of', 'the', 'images', 'but', 'not', 'the', 'anomalous', 'fluxes', 'one', 'or', 'two', 'substructures', 'described', 'as', 'singular', 'isothermal', 'spheres', 'for', 'pg1115080', 'we', 'consider', 'a', 'smooth', 'model', 'with', 'the', 'influence', 'of', 'the', 'group', 'of', 'galaxies', 'described', 'by', 'a', 'sis', 'and', 'a', 'substructure', 'with', 'mass', 'sim', '105', 'm_odot', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'a', 'smooth', 'model', 'with', 'an', 'external', 'shear', 'and', 'one', 'substructure', 'with', 'mass', 'sim', '108', 'm_odot', 'for', 'b1555375', 'either', 'a', 'strong', 'external', 'shear', 'or', 'two', 'substructures', 'with', 'mass', 'sim', '107', 'm_odot', 'reproduce', 'the', 'data', 'quite', 'well']] | [-0.1340614070684941, 0.08599320449468167, -0.035515502433464005, 0.11853349253139112, -0.039851772911679836, -0.12974390256176913, 0.001134655517132128, 0.36223200097012875, -0.18378475089314214, -0.3744726573297782, 0.08581973527979792, -0.2908087495774661, -0.07350062159115514, 0.193441961788855, -0.022496288053839658, 0.004578502003719743, 0.010576630207253574, 0.023750232180478562, -0.0656770433771855, -0.2070840302697239, 0.32256036396810217, 0.011798384404782928, 0.19452490633010716, 0.0220306128476612, 0.08425079043132175, -0.07264580555603056, 0.011186784439122499, 0.029286486181883075, -0.13823423286742387, 0.018482849773353162, 0.2041960686536783, 0.059700080012874815, 0.1611862987087604, -0.35861045713374273, -0.21716821284973947, 0.14643285887325136, 0.17254670119533935, 0.05222684976213904, -0.043974644462786504, -0.25442612811109855, 0.07934354654216759, -0.16484492294958317, -0.16829539942485627, 0.017258645906414263, 0.010552969489557048, 0.01513826479296668, -0.23945397359147594, 0.14343811043153576, 0.03564678519137148, 0.01901125521309308, -0.07905056708913982, -0.09212557905682581, -0.04600850961504699, 0.06289003859389926, 0.0696010937907302, 0.07895076227263172, 0.1762601450845525, -0.16560027635174418, -0.05088608212472491, 0.43783008057591666, -0.08140701431704601, -0.14448231117410668, 0.21218403784873252, -0.1831886511393336, -0.13267129005410186, 0.15163074787335462, 0.13996276698441276, 0.09088423226575428, -0.14204429071489258, -0.007526917286858365, -0.039128331395690864, 0.19227758399326705, 0.05981903196548793, -0.01690215894730011, 0.29293476712347855, 0.12673731938245433, 0.02521967430731087, 0.08582305568050297, -0.1603053061347177, -0.057850954250261113, -0.25642448746881896, -0.10471481470094614, -0.13741018623403223, 0.05892875036053864, -0.11250547695394132, -0.15901515232422272, 0.33373743048706905, 0.11386835922148839, 0.30510196479764856, 0.054609859048328664, 0.3148782134602838, 0.10446975030588793, 0.09989051072654402, 0.08057000590847406, 0.2982221132184006, 0.1334426889673283, 0.0490845080409477, -0.17508315812189373, 0.03037488373200321, -0.00681128248533834] |
709.3723 | Pulsating travelling fronts: Asymptotics and homogenization regimes | This paper is concerned with some nonlinear propagation phenomena for
reaction-advection-diffusion equations with Kolmogrov-Petrovsky-Piskunov (KPP)
type nonlinearities in general periodic domains or in infinite cylinders with
oscillating boundaries. Having a variational formula for the minimal speed of
propagation involving eigenvalue problems ( proved in Berestycki, Hamel and
Nadirashvili \cite{BHN1}), we consider the minimal speed of propagation as a
function of diffusion factors, reaction factors and periodicity parameters.
There we study the limits, the asymptotic behaviors and the variations of the
considered functions with respect to these parameters. The last section treats
a homogenization problem as an application of the results in the previous
sections in order to find the limit of the minimal speed when the periodicity
cell is very small.
| math.AP | this paper is concerned with some nonlinear propagation phenomena for reactionadvectiondiffusion equations with kolmogrovpetrovskypiskunov kpp type nonlinearities in general periodic domains or in infinite cylinders with oscillating boundaries having a variational formula for the minimal speed of propagation involving eigenvalue problems proved in berestycki hamel and nadirashvili citebhn1 we consider the minimal speed of propagation as a function of diffusion factors reaction factors and periodicity parameters there we study the limits the asymptotic behaviors and the variations of the considered functions with respect to these parameters the last section treats a homogenization problem as an application of the results in the previous sections in order to find the limit of the minimal speed when the periodicity cell is very small | [['this', 'paper', 'is', 'concerned', 'with', 'some', 'nonlinear', 'propagation', 'phenomena', 'for', 'reactionadvectiondiffusion', 'equations', 'with', 'kolmogrovpetrovskypiskunov', 'kpp', 'type', 'nonlinearities', 'in', 'general', 'periodic', 'domains', 'or', 'in', 'infinite', 'cylinders', 'with', 'oscillating', 'boundaries', 'having', 'a', 'variational', 'formula', 'for', 'the', 'minimal', 'speed', 'of', 'propagation', 'involving', 'eigenvalue', 'problems', 'proved', 'in', 'berestycki', 'hamel', 'and', 'nadirashvili', 'citebhn1', 'we', 'consider', 'the', 'minimal', 'speed', 'of', 'propagation', 'as', 'a', 'function', 'of', 'diffusion', 'factors', 'reaction', 'factors', 'and', 'periodicity', 'parameters', 'there', 'we', 'study', 'the', 'limits', 'the', 'asymptotic', 'behaviors', 'and', 'the', 'variations', 'of', 'the', 'considered', 'functions', 'with', 'respect', 'to', 'these', 'parameters', 'the', 'last', 'section', 'treats', 'a', 'homogenization', 'problem', 'as', 'an', 'application', 'of', 'the', 'results', 'in', 'the', 'previous', 'sections', 'in', 'order', 'to', 'find', 'the', 'limit', 'of', 'the', 'minimal', 'speed', 'when', 'the', 'periodicity', 'cell', 'is', 'very', 'small']] | [-0.16220412577178833, 0.10742606219188883, -0.015819148438976745, 0.05637922649907138, -0.057457802138464936, -0.08504649432044539, 0.01660373550346437, 0.32173960936311, -0.28637118812776724, -0.2484690729766429, 0.12140886380112241, -0.2797004956973054, -0.1587969006248355, 0.20237689648194523, -0.06350472403129846, 0.10808398930545328, 0.06391656796755743, 0.05398394368289007, -0.05403351349266783, -0.21338606136653698, 0.32399557178871613, -0.012314139549636234, 0.23118633797423818, 0.07108346384287006, 0.10882029623992867, 0.0158977077610917, 0.008201812676122506, 0.00822275510981237, -0.18511384947549048, 0.11241975948471039, 0.22678607407073348, 0.043410657798492555, 0.24762281124338004, -0.42401920928288317, -0.2573868915395428, 0.09746492770500481, 0.1385656891260454, 0.10086615221827465, -0.01572909787044687, -0.24918243140613627, 0.060983050445891855, -0.10756750699227392, -0.23230869639507037, 0.005227903527665442, 0.056412818456873674, 0.08719772853991174, -0.27383123361900197, 0.0969295890812399, 0.07213795589977655, 0.06264572190831147, -0.07948171803569895, -0.09631268854422684, 0.042206872387797086, 0.08734482326036737, 0.12631039976209435, -0.02888132922299072, 0.03699926660254092, -0.15346269836941323, -0.11367516903506623, 0.388553379979616, -0.09933878863881485, -0.2743072623576401, 0.17642563175788875, -0.13141473372673054, -0.09973691114208709, 0.10870020686534344, 0.1829075792378162, 0.12451802622092793, -0.13006453650031274, 0.12047734224263153, -0.02585564121619751, 0.14248956262402362, 0.12955277438386012, 0.0011470462733256172, 0.0723306634423907, 0.17740761958875584, 0.08060318146342949, 0.13210452572142672, -0.043570144555799786, -0.10255542950077234, -0.3300067987095691, -0.14000422448724886, -0.09360714549182962, 0.05887495612694045, -0.11516403857881491, -0.2233106335605321, 0.39252542999525697, 0.08717078603093781, 0.21524063425170162, 0.06706261670343198, 0.2379849338982949, 0.17350676957067987, 0.022589683169656892, 0.08250670811413961, 0.2427400679485892, 0.16741714107614578, 0.10285721975773321, -0.20608122567488354, 0.07114640289475604, 0.0817824483817538] |
709.3724 | Effect of the long-range interaction in transport through
one-dimensional nanoparticle arrays | We analyze the effect of the long-range interaction on the transport
properties through ordered and disordered one-dimensional metallic nanoparticle
arrays. We discuss how the threshold voltage, the I-V curves and the voltage
drop through the array are modified as compared to the case in which
interactions are restricted to charges placed on the same island. We show that
some of these modifications are due to finite interactions between charges in
different nanoparticles while other ones are due to interactions between
charges in the islands and those at the electrodes, what produces a
polarization potential drop through the array. We study the screening of the
disorder potential due to charges impurities trapped in the substrate and find
that long-range interactions introduce correlations between the disorder
potentials of neighboring islands.
| cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.str-el | we analyze the effect of the longrange interaction on the transport properties through ordered and disordered onedimensional metallic nanoparticle arrays we discuss how the threshold voltage the iv curves and the voltage drop through the array are modified as compared to the case in which interactions are restricted to charges placed on the same island we show that some of these modifications are due to finite interactions between charges in different nanoparticles while other ones are due to interactions between charges in the islands and those at the electrodes what produces a polarization potential drop through the array we study the screening of the disorder potential due to charges impurities trapped in the substrate and find that longrange interactions introduce correlations between the disorder potentials of neighboring islands | [['we', 'analyze', 'the', 'effect', 'of', 'the', 'longrange', 'interaction', 'on', 'the', 'transport', 'properties', 'through', 'ordered', 'and', 'disordered', 'onedimensional', 'metallic', 'nanoparticle', 'arrays', 'we', 'discuss', 'how', 'the', 'threshold', 'voltage', 'the', 'iv', 'curves', 'and', 'the', 'voltage', 'drop', 'through', 'the', 'array', 'are', 'modified', 'as', 'compared', 'to', 'the', 'case', 'in', 'which', 'interactions', 'are', 'restricted', 'to', 'charges', 'placed', 'on', 'the', 'same', 'island', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'some', 'of', 'these', 'modifications', 'are', 'due', 'to', 'finite', 'interactions', 'between', 'charges', 'in', 'different', 'nanoparticles', 'while', 'other', 'ones', 'are', 'due', 'to', 'interactions', 'between', 'charges', 'in', 'the', 'islands', 'and', 'those', 'at', 'the', 'electrodes', 'what', 'produces', 'a', 'polarization', 'potential', 'drop', 'through', 'the', 'array', 'we', 'study', 'the', 'screening', 'of', 'the', 'disorder', 'potential', 'due', 'to', 'charges', 'impurities', 'trapped', 'in', 'the', 'substrate', 'and', 'find', 'that', 'longrange', 'interactions', 'introduce', 'correlations', 'between', 'the', 'disorder', 'potentials', 'of', 'neighboring', 'islands']] | [-0.15509665771241998, 0.19664842823840445, -0.024212184265707037, 0.06968811645492679, 0.013834955820129835, -0.14218263483053306, 0.05094792439194862, 0.4105797653173795, -0.2517813413942349, -0.30670693164574914, 0.022924392582353903, -0.3786090497960686, -0.1387252955173608, 0.12596886209576041, 0.030361459269443003, -0.047959096555757696, 0.007704125713644316, -0.02331997342116665, -0.05727534579636995, -0.21206662744771165, 0.30803071067202836, 0.03378795163735049, 0.3085830346826697, 0.13873025485736434, 0.018354257990722544, 0.019714521575224353, 0.07532427226396976, 0.06921888186843717, -0.0948439492755142, 0.0661404850652616, 0.18070317630963473, -0.08261478639906272, 0.18643078213790432, -0.5307106270920485, -0.17008131857437547, 0.07855829822801752, 0.1221115482840105, 0.15871505561426602, -0.08557010584081581, -0.30437220241947216, 0.04221431910877982, -0.12692499813601898, -0.1149280401168653, -0.04789696371881291, 0.021309120196747244, 0.12194110402697333, -0.23159214045881527, 0.07157444845506689, 0.06331063835386885, 0.03894735735593713, -0.05818001635634573, -0.07539840401659603, -0.05295537923120719, 0.132423868137721, 0.05726016677363077, -0.040983401027915534, 0.17826970440728473, -0.1355604341624712, -0.07457312339920463, 0.3499008123908425, -0.03989764186553657, -0.1904661118533113, 0.23887964310415555, -0.18616209683386842, -0.027203107390960213, 0.11003561209963664, 0.18539528266410343, 0.07014085654736846, -0.15205540689930785, 0.06810524494903802, 0.049380203476175666, 0.14652905548041417, 0.06843587722687516, 0.0481015019613551, 0.25104054007033483, 0.1471529783666483, 0.05955042435016367, 0.1980434226657053, -0.11296279299699563, -0.10174642838683212, -0.2618611765356036, -0.11423351457779063, -0.17244453619969136, -0.0010004992573158233, -0.07535186856648579, -0.1963880962566691, 0.4023008245276287, 0.18085154153231997, 0.20202280711964704, -0.01002282717217895, 0.21335169711892377, 0.055310076108980866, 0.11065826862613903, -0.0011480181565275416, 0.2721431203110569, 0.15079530017101206, 0.08258718084834982, -0.28989055218335125, 0.05013468752804329, 0.0165619707404403] |
709.3725 | Tsunami generation by dynamic displacement of sea bed due to dip-slip
faulting | In classical tsunami-generation techniques, one neglects the dynamic sea bed
displacement resulting from fracturing of a seismic fault. The present study
takes into account these dynamic effects. Earth's crust is assumed to be a
Kelvin-Voigt material. The seismic source is assumed to be a dislocation in a
viscoelastic medium. The fluid motion is described by the classical nonlinear
shallow water equations (NSWE) with time-dependent bathymetry. The
viscoelastodynamic equations are solved by a finite-element method and the NSWE
by a finite-volume scheme. A comparison between static and dynamic
tsunami-generation approaches is performed. The results of the numerical
computations show differences between the two approaches and the dynamic
effects could explain the complicated shapes of tsunami wave trains.
| physics.ao-ph physics.comp-ph physics.flu-dyn physics.geo-ph | in classical tsunamigeneration techniques one neglects the dynamic sea bed displacement resulting from fracturing of a seismic fault the present study takes into account these dynamic effects earths crust is assumed to be a kelvinvoigt material the seismic source is assumed to be a dislocation in a viscoelastic medium the fluid motion is described by the classical nonlinear shallow water equations nswe with timedependent bathymetry the viscoelastodynamic equations are solved by a finiteelement method and the nswe by a finitevolume scheme a comparison between static and dynamic tsunamigeneration approaches is performed the results of the numerical computations show differences between the two approaches and the dynamic effects could explain the complicated shapes of tsunami wave trains | [['in', 'classical', 'tsunamigeneration', 'techniques', 'one', 'neglects', 'the', 'dynamic', 'sea', 'bed', 'displacement', 'resulting', 'from', 'fracturing', 'of', 'a', 'seismic', 'fault', 'the', 'present', 'study', 'takes', 'into', 'account', 'these', 'dynamic', 'effects', 'earths', 'crust', 'is', 'assumed', 'to', 'be', 'a', 'kelvinvoigt', 'material', 'the', 'seismic', 'source', 'is', 'assumed', 'to', 'be', 'a', 'dislocation', 'in', 'a', 'viscoelastic', 'medium', 'the', 'fluid', 'motion', 'is', 'described', 'by', 'the', 'classical', 'nonlinear', 'shallow', 'water', 'equations', 'nswe', 'with', 'timedependent', 'bathymetry', 'the', 'viscoelastodynamic', 'equations', 'are', 'solved', 'by', 'a', 'finiteelement', 'method', 'and', 'the', 'nswe', 'by', 'a', 'finitevolume', 'scheme', 'a', 'comparison', 'between', 'static', 'and', 'dynamic', 'tsunamigeneration', 'approaches', 'is', 'performed', 'the', 'results', 'of', 'the', 'numerical', 'computations', 'show', 'differences', 'between', 'the', 'two', 'approaches', 'and', 'the', 'dynamic', 'effects', 'could', 'explain', 'the', 'complicated', 'shapes', 'of', 'tsunami', 'wave', 'trains']] | [-0.1213954880306151, 0.13086875867246922, -0.11938174177307338, 0.08593818568212466, -0.07052421043997845, -0.0804033274020571, -0.023664984903586782, 0.3223018267447442, -0.2783275544643402, -0.2756176464325559, 0.10371000328785286, -0.2581227057390904, -0.16850648608998256, 0.19292040844241867, -0.02025221695348752, 0.10101688200756248, 0.08030677577921094, -0.03402315862724079, -0.058153933289139405, -0.14065278289773692, 0.24891325867471112, 0.009253365696465548, 0.26718435300497617, 0.047553764233794225, 0.10473562069793553, -0.04105765036816206, -0.06846697193743513, 0.08899471515262153, -0.10583874210303204, 0.05157628892591239, 0.24123841115331227, 0.04077481114989625, 0.268097964267914, -0.5445391018833734, -0.32668042788153256, 0.004310118858661272, 0.07090588779378254, 0.14902359754489983, 0.015069697398395665, -0.2964282960721613, 0.03284589905164048, -0.14942568662654673, -0.14249263223738665, -0.032492809232522166, -0.0021813975140221615, 0.05637187034559263, -0.26518417880005013, 0.11904963716479282, 0.05150229482194491, 0.031872300238480415, -0.11822484041341638, -0.08094951521555803, -0.012617189290859135, 0.09090821076168028, 0.04796444943407293, -0.008701557209055903, 0.153889630245358, -0.10339515027384051, -0.05473067011453409, 0.4671731161662435, -0.057428129062682916, -0.26928961890197434, 0.1711524202595506, -0.0783550724617939, -0.022676038745362146, 0.17589238632791798, 0.20988653256533157, 0.08768723557282866, -0.19222421031774936, 0.02217253054286388, -0.02580960058239886, 0.16947895900008425, 0.060975729648551316, -0.09966559782294573, 0.20525112153088623, 0.22047788683794833, 0.012336501678600249, 0.15389565821011772, -0.12924121888107168, -0.11928247071934485, -0.2698420944697825, -0.0971098710819914, -0.14142093201275024, -0.018164945522810547, -0.10514292761694281, -0.1897683352957257, 0.36083999474695033, 0.1110828387833291, 0.1025046288752846, 0.019459973575662724, 0.34218616188973583, 0.12536602583919873, 0.039371907031596265, 0.10527936201048109, 0.262018137492973, 0.15174647830261856, 0.1570317307693175, -0.2795359194577482, 0.08768374976790634, 0.0921605350861771] |
709.3726 | Higgs-Boson Mass Limit within the Randall-Sundrum Model | Perturbative unitarity for $\wlwl$ scattering is discussed within the
Randall-Sundrum model. It is shown that the exchange of massive 4D Kaluza-Klein
gravitons leads to amplitudes growing linearly with the CM energy squared.
Summing over KK gravitons up to a scale $\lbar$ and testing unitarity at
$\rts=\lbar$, one finds that unitarity is violated for $\lbar$ below the 'naive
dimensional analysis' scale, $\lnda$. It is also shown that the exchange of
gravitons can substantially relax the upper limit from unitarity on the mass of
the Standard Model Higgs boson - consistency with unitarity for all $\rts$
below $\lbar$ is possible for $\mh$ as large as $ 1.4\tev$, depending on the
curvature of the background metric. Observation of the mass and width (or cross
section) of one or more KK gravitons at the LHC will directly determine the
curvature and the scale $\lw$ specifying the couplings of matter to the KK
gravitons. With this information and a measurement of the Higgs boson mass it
will be possible to determine the precise $\rts$ value below which unitarity
will remain valid.
| hep-ph | perturbative unitarity for wlwl scattering is discussed within the randallsundrum model it is shown that the exchange of massive 4d kaluzaklein gravitons leads to amplitudes growing linearly with the cm energy squared summing over kk gravitons up to a scale lbar and testing unitarity at rtslbar one finds that unitarity is violated for lbar below the naive dimensional analysis scale lnda it is also shown that the exchange of gravitons can substantially relax the upper limit from unitarity on the mass of the standard model higgs boson consistency with unitarity for all rts below lbar is possible for mh as large as 14tev depending on the curvature of the background metric observation of the mass and width or cross section of one or more kk gravitons at the lhc will directly determine the curvature and the scale lw specifying the couplings of matter to the kk gravitons with this information and a measurement of the higgs boson mass it will be possible to determine the precise rts value below which unitarity will remain valid | [['perturbative', 'unitarity', 'for', 'wlwl', 'scattering', 'is', 'discussed', 'within', 'the', 'randallsundrum', 'model', 'it', 'is', 'shown', 'that', 'the', 'exchange', 'of', 'massive', '4d', 'kaluzaklein', 'gravitons', 'leads', 'to', 'amplitudes', 'growing', 'linearly', 'with', 'the', 'cm', 'energy', 'squared', 'summing', 'over', 'kk', 'gravitons', 'up', 'to', 'a', 'scale', 'lbar', 'and', 'testing', 'unitarity', 'at', 'rtslbar', 'one', 'finds', 'that', 'unitarity', 'is', 'violated', 'for', 'lbar', 'below', 'the', 'naive', 'dimensional', 'analysis', 'scale', 'lnda', 'it', 'is', 'also', 'shown', 'that', 'the', 'exchange', 'of', 'gravitons', 'can', 'substantially', 'relax', 'the', 'upper', 'limit', 'from', 'unitarity', 'on', 'the', 'mass', 'of', 'the', 'standard', 'model', 'higgs', 'boson', 'consistency', 'with', 'unitarity', 'for', 'all', 'rts', 'below', 'lbar', 'is', 'possible', 'for', 'mh', 'as', 'large', 'as', '14tev', 'depending', 'on', 'the', 'curvature', 'of', 'the', 'background', 'metric', 'observation', 'of', 'the', 'mass', 'and', 'width', 'or', 'cross', 'section', 'of', 'one', 'or', 'more', 'kk', 'gravitons', 'at', 'the', 'lhc', 'will', 'directly', 'determine', 'the', 'curvature', 'and', 'the', 'scale', 'lw', 'specifying', 'the', 'couplings', 'of', 'matter', 'to', 'the', 'kk', 'gravitons', 'with', 'this', 'information', 'and', 'a', 'measurement', 'of', 'the', 'higgs', 'boson', 'mass', 'it', 'will', 'be', 'possible', 'to', 'determine', 'the', 'precise', 'rts', 'value', 'below', 'which', 'unitarity', 'will', 'remain', 'valid']] | [-0.10671200680676414, 0.2585225850627974, -0.07682168673518179, 0.14660819987820592, -0.07916882105014655, -0.1634629521976485, 0.03963438840109183, 0.2669131918280686, -0.20885482307274414, -0.2846483663184742, 0.07950043572697701, -0.29192414393832605, -0.00467816922748678, 0.1619204518785917, 0.04560507601262395, 0.06637488671600125, 0.04571811155501353, 0.10425680156439802, -0.05732808167556149, -0.2692260709374623, 0.3376951395164428, 0.0842559733346841, 0.22396776800823592, 0.12238002448548498, 0.07484756094446882, 0.03690762017842729, 0.0029742644211753857, -0.05664236679250851, -0.1283219667850993, 0.07248903342067849, 0.18369763131848357, 0.09648935472373417, 0.12729120733173088, -0.3243903460544209, -0.14121978206771188, 0.11552196010124198, 0.18606261503449534, 0.11466130757430937, 0.03400059593095225, -0.28639968855003284, 0.11419876446665893, -0.14701953153315456, -0.13515345671831436, -0.04963866471134256, -0.022509331695822088, -0.15939061098723933, -0.29277082496907475, 0.11041941819289498, -0.007624651354109478, -0.03236888497028917, 0.009407233782545772, -0.14161741579233042, -0.082952871436773, 0.016350550815289796, 0.16007585533851282, 0.025602965750379573, 0.15809227994285785, -0.16988776666289065, -0.10292043698529257, 0.3713431320583643, -0.10078550622457379, -0.17128197109018084, 0.1722266918026604, -0.17560889258395967, -0.11366835283521606, 0.14714653561633556, 0.1602830461623705, 0.06868945278882505, -0.15755698753542505, 0.1962916893156267, -0.00884889513200019, 0.1934663665719157, 0.1419605088141357, 0.06044898123946041, 0.25286353428761454, 0.1509682453010058, 0.06293343302934583, 0.047104532737690996, -0.08575916667143967, -0.08498437234084122, -0.42432638998468253, -0.13456594548898826, -0.12061100451040169, 0.08004246876631907, -0.1291944421621359, -0.13435018801388904, 0.29587495762131955, 0.14445693128732803, 0.22317494434402, 0.10486216313506173, 0.2883527801171768, 0.14264092412858465, 0.14533029705066733, 0.06327282688255574, 0.3553717398561191, 0.1549622136720478, 0.08280770686593145, -0.21604672718798568, -0.04378115412844128, 0.05761625005343799] |
709.3727 | Transdet: a matched-filter based algorithm for transit detection -
application to simulated COROT light curves | We present a matched-filter based algorithm for transit detection and its
application to simulated COROT light curves. This algorithm stems from the work
by Bord\'e, Rouan & L\'eger (2003). We describe the different steps we intend
to take to discriminate between planets and stellar companions using the three
photometric bands provided by COROT. These steps include the search for
secondary transits, the search for ellipsoidal variability, and the study of
transit chromaticity. We also discuss the performance of this approach in the
context of blind tests organized inside the COROT exoplanet consortium.
| astro-ph | we present a matchedfilter based algorithm for transit detection and its application to simulated corot light curves this algorithm stems from the work by borde rouan leger 2003 we describe the different steps we intend to take to discriminate between planets and stellar companions using the three photometric bands provided by corot these steps include the search for secondary transits the search for ellipsoidal variability and the study of transit chromaticity we also discuss the performance of this approach in the context of blind tests organized inside the corot exoplanet consortium | [['we', 'present', 'a', 'matchedfilter', 'based', 'algorithm', 'for', 'transit', 'detection', 'and', 'its', 'application', 'to', 'simulated', 'corot', 'light', 'curves', 'this', 'algorithm', 'stems', 'from', 'the', 'work', 'by', 'borde', 'rouan', 'leger', '2003', 'we', 'describe', 'the', 'different', 'steps', 'we', 'intend', 'to', 'take', 'to', 'discriminate', 'between', 'planets', 'and', 'stellar', 'companions', 'using', 'the', 'three', 'photometric', 'bands', 'provided', 'by', 'corot', 'these', 'steps', 'include', 'the', 'search', 'for', 'secondary', 'transits', 'the', 'search', 'for', 'ellipsoidal', 'variability', 'and', 'the', 'study', 'of', 'transit', 'chromaticity', 'we', 'also', 'discuss', 'the', 'performance', 'of', 'this', 'approach', 'in', 'the', 'context', 'of', 'blind', 'tests', 'organized', 'inside', 'the', 'corot', 'exoplanet', 'consortium']] | [-0.07742967538846036, 0.07964691217186758, -0.13068253679407968, 0.08351744508577717, -0.12995150258971586, -0.0835686558443639, 0.12471537185160236, 0.3710688287495739, -0.19238248516081108, -0.38944489374342894, 0.0938166335884792, -0.26291896321862523, -0.18013162077663258, 0.23593466030951177, -0.11552649527891642, 0.05863268860654595, 0.15184010118246077, -0.1003962764568213, -0.006610370215235485, -0.3295457578445267, 0.27400100249797105, 0.034670253035922846, 0.1161239942147707, -0.041447396845453316, 0.03688401131463858, 0.018239003707033893, -0.13755948648063673, -0.06407603493167294, -0.18265903267698982, 0.08574356625063552, 0.2436786975996155, 0.2205567265343335, 0.18573026836125386, -0.341192414611578, -0.20403437295721638, 0.09054465499810047, 0.13603533510532645, 0.05283615171598891, -0.04675530447728104, -0.34587592558107444, 0.07723046862002876, -0.13466658830228778, -0.1274804589856002, -0.050980723149971, 0.03309097550809383, 0.03233800601576352, -0.2319674665418764, 0.0022868824834909496, 0.031589062263568245, 0.15630160632232826, -0.1303617007112027, -0.11400982966750033, 0.013630688330158592, 0.1335847161606782, 0.03215592289343476, 0.007684502251342767, 0.06636303392135434, -0.0494269744389587, -0.10921614947211411, 0.38930586468842293, -0.10238457165412708, -0.04941970491781831, 0.1867860626920851, -0.1250812658936613, -0.162018062458891, 0.0871940080800818, 0.2530108801399668, 0.12803832369649576, -0.1627839193040725, 0.012584581159495024, 0.024512685959537824, 0.15758040465104084, 0.08050565233247148, -0.0013023871773233016, 0.2994604310176025, 0.1618634623139062, 0.04131020326943447, 0.14289984659214194, -0.29514564908006125, -0.027419423539605407, -0.2373745267175966, -0.15494743490384685, -0.1443215905662833, -0.05490602044802573, -0.05198795934573152, -0.09611665007865264, 0.4536388372278048, 0.19319302214102613, 0.15081073445164495, 0.05048876613792446, 0.39234761121786305, 0.052136031538248064, 0.047582817305293346, 0.05886236221219102, 0.3178321883444571, 0.0779361801351317, 0.11310218958080642, -0.24808157714239013, 0.028774840927993258, 0.03225245407472054] |
709.3728 | Coherent states and global entanglement in an N qubit system | We consider an $N$ qubit system and show that in the symmetric subspace,
$\mathbb{S}$ a state is not globally entangled, iff it is a coherent state. It
is also proven that in the orthogonal complement $\mathbb{S}_{\bot}$ all states
are globally entangled.
| quant-ph | we consider an n qubit system and show that in the symmetric subspace mathbbs a state is not globally entangled iff it is a coherent state it is also proven that in the orthogonal complement mathbbs_bot all states are globally entangled | [['we', 'consider', 'an', 'n', 'qubit', 'system', 'and', 'show', 'that', 'in', 'the', 'symmetric', 'subspace', 'mathbbs', 'a', 'state', 'is', 'not', 'globally', 'entangled', 'iff', 'it', 'is', 'a', 'coherent', 'state', 'it', 'is', 'also', 'proven', 'that', 'in', 'the', 'orthogonal', 'complement', 'mathbbs_bot', 'all', 'states', 'are', 'globally', 'entangled']] | [-0.20597516582347453, 0.21712305770815873, -0.07813431187532842, 0.018376833174261264, 0.03149538930738345, -0.206695889797993, -0.03875402859412134, 0.43685735370963813, -0.27243096521124244, -0.09263202282600105, 0.13069267254904843, -0.28178399717435243, -0.13158578066504562, 0.17891749520786107, -0.04324575789505616, 0.01864134648349136, 0.12348395076114685, 0.11111901610274799, -0.01217314206296578, -0.27330848770798183, 0.3588599062524736, -0.06478635692037642, 0.31859997222200037, -0.037930789426900445, 0.145841452665627, -0.021281269000610337, 0.09775794818997383, -0.013113770866766572, -0.009032549466428463, 0.03315295413340209, 0.3166656007990241, 0.18993320763111116, 0.2356217964552343, -0.34815793330781164, -0.16086416968610137, 0.15881286673247813, 0.14036173975400743, 0.16444561569951474, 0.009253155323676765, -0.30823664609342816, 0.09015161151182838, -0.18936155536212027, -0.12038720874115824, -0.13372916477674152, 0.0742063968675211, -0.07059606071561575, -0.27831461649620903, 0.00969728751151706, 0.10581011833855883, -0.059441856286139225, -0.059209147782530634, -0.03571802455408033, -0.07059234175249003, 0.07016562820062973, -0.09964924164523836, 0.09670642546843737, 0.04764538194285706, -0.07869057517964392, -0.12376425536349416, 0.3136094727087766, -0.033236349996877836, -0.32890589120797814, 0.15624905824661256, -0.15765018162783234, -0.11253689074655995, 0.09615014761220664, 0.04715829063206911, 0.17045697309076785, -0.11222940378356724, 0.12911521303321932, -0.1672230248339474, 0.24545983876741956, 0.002798386767972261, 0.09588611973449587, 0.16216171514242889, 0.067274814855773, 0.24206666965037585, 0.16294667879119515, 0.033164584601763636, -0.10402537799673155, -0.31277132756076753, -0.21390716368332505, -0.25852794300590176, 0.10568602111343353, 0.014209106436828734, -0.14003787022083997, 0.3656813000328839, 0.03539023534394801, 0.16443986096419394, 0.02026001859921962, 0.26177778257988393, 0.08453762771096081, -0.025822731415973976, 0.18087560372659936, 0.2641392916440964, 0.1407580734230578, -0.022680378379300238, -0.2037648871424608, 0.038901713443920016, 0.0357633605832234] |
709.3729 | Localising the H.E.S.S. Galactic Centre point source | Observations by the H.E.S.S. system of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov
telescopes provide the most sensitive measurements of the Galactic Centre
region in the energy range 150 GeV - 30 TeV. The vicinity of the kinetic centre
of our galaxy harbours numerous objects which could potentially accelerate
particles to very high energies (VHE, > 100 GeV) and thus produce the Gamma-ray
flux observed. Within statistical and systematic errors, the centroid of the
point-like emission measured by H.E.S.S. was found to be in good agreement with
the position of the supermassive black hole Sgr A* and the recently discovered
PWN candidate G359.95-0.04. Given a systematic pointing error of about 30'', a
possible association with the SNR Sgr A East could not be ruled out with the
2004 H.E.S.S. data. In this contribution an update is given on the position of
the H.E.S.S. Galactic Centre source using 2005/2006 data. The systematic
pointing error is reduced to 6'' per axis using guiding telescopes for pointing
corrections, making it possible to exclude with high significance Sgr A East as
the source of the VHE Gamma-Rays.
| astro-ph | observations by the hess system of imaging atmospheric cherenkov telescopes provide the most sensitive measurements of the galactic centre region in the energy range 150 gev 30 tev the vicinity of the kinetic centre of our galaxy harbours numerous objects which could potentially accelerate particles to very high energies vhe 100 gev and thus produce the gammaray flux observed within statistical and systematic errors the centroid of the pointlike emission measured by hess was found to be in good agreement with the position of the supermassive black hole sgr a and the recently discovered pwn candidate g35995004 given a systematic pointing error of about 30 a possible association with the snr sgr a east could not be ruled out with the 2004 hess data in this contribution an update is given on the position of the hess galactic centre source using 20052006 data the systematic pointing error is reduced to 6 per axis using guiding telescopes for pointing corrections making it possible to exclude with high significance sgr a east as the source of the vhe gammarays | [['observations', 'by', 'the', 'hess', 'system', 'of', 'imaging', 'atmospheric', 'cherenkov', 'telescopes', 'provide', 'the', 'most', 'sensitive', 'measurements', 'of', 'the', 'galactic', 'centre', 'region', 'in', 'the', 'energy', 'range', '150', 'gev', '30', 'tev', 'the', 'vicinity', 'of', 'the', 'kinetic', 'centre', 'of', 'our', 'galaxy', 'harbours', 'numerous', 'objects', 'which', 'could', 'potentially', 'accelerate', 'particles', 'to', 'very', 'high', 'energies', 'vhe', '100', 'gev', 'and', 'thus', 'produce', 'the', 'gammaray', 'flux', 'observed', 'within', 'statistical', 'and', 'systematic', 'errors', 'the', 'centroid', 'of', 'the', 'pointlike', 'emission', 'measured', 'by', 'hess', 'was', 'found', 'to', 'be', 'in', 'good', 'agreement', 'with', 'the', 'position', 'of', 'the', 'supermassive', 'black', 'hole', 'sgr', 'a', 'and', 'the', 'recently', 'discovered', 'pwn', 'candidate', 'g35995004', 'given', 'a', 'systematic', 'pointing', 'error', 'of', 'about', '30', 'a', 'possible', 'association', 'with', 'the', 'snr', 'sgr', 'a', 'east', 'could', 'not', 'be', 'ruled', 'out', 'with', 'the', '2004', 'hess', 'data', 'in', 'this', 'contribution', 'an', 'update', 'is', 'given', 'on', 'the', 'position', 'of', 'the', 'hess', 'galactic', 'centre', 'source', 'using', '20052006', 'data', 'the', 'systematic', 'pointing', 'error', 'is', 'reduced', 'to', '6', 'per', 'axis', 'using', 'guiding', 'telescopes', 'for', 'pointing', 'corrections', 'making', 'it', 'possible', 'to', 'exclude', 'with', 'high', 'significance', 'sgr', 'a', 'east', 'as', 'the', 'source', 'of', 'the', 'vhe', 'gammarays']] | [-0.06727756637195914, 0.09535269000994023, -0.0398494669757152, 0.13055907615386791, -0.12512049898452593, -0.09769561955847351, 0.07334936022795316, 0.399325347358182, -0.194544288761898, -0.4102729209251491, 0.04967211445169997, -0.32037426647598627, 0.054144565008138704, 0.2300077488035553, -0.02524886969203987, -0.017470622566097157, 0.13395079806062923, -0.03397844623663136, -0.027180154237627856, -0.19686692761583516, 0.19586712900433415, 0.2451596415541161, 0.15864014671063104, 0.045539315813615665, 0.11827294332880295, -0.07244102304306745, -0.034279003576244, -0.05353994899571447, -0.0632571296063962, 0.0778790962393001, 0.2614771036094444, 0.10187810212952522, 0.1726771802720377, -0.3183033134640947, -0.2132795277804052, 0.0898318426830873, 0.14954728812852738, 0.006584470251727702, -0.06610524697600216, -0.36291626075777295, 0.06474007626648172, -0.2191616702439411, -0.23020625389365237, 0.0987448979663731, 0.016214673007485893, 0.020715975001359643, -0.15865440128139605, 0.08983330086063025, -0.04239287325062679, 0.06844285665945503, -0.09836117397746502, -0.12160194587254486, -0.013143255043837983, 0.056969148369958506, 0.07644093988494853, 0.1367241617865692, 0.17013421753884456, -0.09462141738494195, -0.1062963181727771, 0.39243139964291607, -0.0034816356752025712, -0.05100295310155988, 0.1793826418563113, -0.24130734049131053, -0.2080699307949277, 0.22491458407734746, 0.1339894214764732, 0.06063023544742731, -0.1981617360912516, 0.03436277656175333, -0.0015221480030229704, 0.22379068101330077, 0.05790193180690419, 0.023032403738860445, 0.3249784389900117, 0.1525979160750811, 0.07112136063044944, 0.12544596533877722, -0.34340940564107886, -0.030240865088183706, -0.296461410416648, -0.07930380353798806, -0.15199469480831912, 0.10121662689592903, -0.12041358594194983, -0.07170406170978637, 0.3693637048594106, 0.11309001113730088, 0.21338052484127928, -0.030212503363967656, 0.2715927344989584, 0.05627803514497144, 0.082331945143619, 0.12018461918095284, 0.4024177259939202, 0.13892764803337848, 0.13644721224972461, -0.16837525739213505, 0.04170892557318685, -0.05854320040467264] |
709.373 | Interaction and ablation of fall-back disks in isolated neutron stars | An analysis of ablation processes is made for a fall-back disk with inner and
outer radii external to the neutron-star light cylinder. The calculated
ablation rate leads, with certain other assumptions, to a simple expression
relating the inner radius and mean mass per unit area of any long-lived
fall-back disk. Expressions for the torque components generated by interaction
with the pulsar wind are obtained. It is not impossible that these could be
responsible for small observable variations in pulse shape and spin-down rate
but they are unlikely to be the source of the periodic changes seen in several
pulsars.
| astro-ph | an analysis of ablation processes is made for a fallback disk with inner and outer radii external to the neutronstar light cylinder the calculated ablation rate leads with certain other assumptions to a simple expression relating the inner radius and mean mass per unit area of any longlived fallback disk expressions for the torque components generated by interaction with the pulsar wind are obtained it is not impossible that these could be responsible for small observable variations in pulse shape and spindown rate but they are unlikely to be the source of the periodic changes seen in several pulsars | [['an', 'analysis', 'of', 'ablation', 'processes', 'is', 'made', 'for', 'a', 'fallback', 'disk', 'with', 'inner', 'and', 'outer', 'radii', 'external', 'to', 'the', 'neutronstar', 'light', 'cylinder', 'the', 'calculated', 'ablation', 'rate', 'leads', 'with', 'certain', 'other', 'assumptions', 'to', 'a', 'simple', 'expression', 'relating', 'the', 'inner', 'radius', 'and', 'mean', 'mass', 'per', 'unit', 'area', 'of', 'any', 'longlived', 'fallback', 'disk', 'expressions', 'for', 'the', 'torque', 'components', 'generated', 'by', 'interaction', 'with', 'the', 'pulsar', 'wind', 'are', 'obtained', 'it', 'is', 'not', 'impossible', 'that', 'these', 'could', 'be', 'responsible', 'for', 'small', 'observable', 'variations', 'in', 'pulse', 'shape', 'and', 'spindown', 'rate', 'but', 'they', 'are', 'unlikely', 'to', 'be', 'the', 'source', 'of', 'the', 'periodic', 'changes', 'seen', 'in', 'several', 'pulsars']] | [-0.14142123543224627, 0.16467044403382008, -0.05392547560658193, 0.09733457049834683, -0.10357698262904329, -0.10898923472209711, 0.005690054046672138, 0.4261559644864515, -0.2640265012442162, -0.32975511134348134, 0.12029381899040832, -0.24715247341299976, -0.03871796296138053, 0.2964369886263151, -0.06314044007372976, 0.02878747959950506, 0.08111370017051207, 0.01608260697097226, -0.06669015832823899, -0.19872720251809406, 0.2665032463599787, 0.08074617344472143, 0.1383304933010779, 0.04722180974204093, 0.034189073044355166, -0.07183131036546195, 0.01620574446037562, -0.02359009019541319, -0.11859475512969168, 0.09737394069095973, 0.1872220670650337, 0.10299388639102078, 0.17201535895730208, -0.4610336367229019, -0.23431320494038496, 0.0764697229423833, 0.1387893328692463, 0.04485929372127761, -0.07748697977513075, -0.21917878343450903, 0.07585724428145572, -0.24489696565168825, -0.17740644269030204, 0.01391822143899973, 0.08681020632649612, 0.0567937033236817, -0.2773196606689857, 0.08645395738909943, 0.09294437445850685, 0.01759886105704789, -0.13167626132972238, -0.06963284566264713, -0.02895440277878684, 0.12016278500151303, 0.12927259596516238, 0.052761861739322694, 0.22470251296534005, -0.12464979273558717, -0.024854997135322503, 0.3692629741824637, -0.06877452582873479, -0.15340272664572252, 0.17603104698443503, -0.21057513025542252, -0.05281185717180823, 0.19077742207475534, 0.13409554794421324, 0.10272769333155017, -0.15867493462494828, -0.022478307660250465, -0.021070694704916366, 0.22094678993318043, 0.10267546224981697, 0.020413164169330037, 0.3304091964076941, 0.09899767441263498, 0.021304709241167535, 0.1448069379430951, -0.15756894236035418, -0.07537291782221409, -0.2690541555809864, -0.06492775098674676, -0.13284058547860972, 0.06782713535167112, -0.11046233115617228, -0.14831641127327175, 0.32172492512435924, 0.0677838780625601, 0.20431874372591877, 0.020764992384221217, 0.3008264629593627, 0.15481702081219414, 0.11592821072730602, 0.14227479656763148, 0.29694184945247165, 0.1453083549847243, 0.04554148833032208, -0.24712574055343114, 0.15265326779523883, -0.009052883532613215] |
709.3731 | The Nature of Running Penumbral Waves Revealed | We seek to clarify the nature of running penumbral (RP) waves: are they
chromospheric trans-sunspot waves or a visual pattern of upward-propagating
waves? Full Stokes spectropolarimetric time series of the photospheric Si I
10827 \AA line and the chromospheric He I 10830 \AA multiplet were inverted
using a Milne-Eddington atmosphere. Spatial pixels were paired between the
outer umbral/inner penumbral photosphere and the penumbral chromosphere using
inclinations retrieved by the inversion and the dual-height pairings of
line-of-sight velocity time series were studied for signatures of wave
propagation using a Fourier phase difference analysis. The dispersion relation
for radiatively cooling acoustic waves, modified to incorporate an inclined
propagation direction, fits well the observed phase differences between the
pairs of photospheric and chromospheric pixels. We have thus demonstrated that
RP waves are in effect low-beta slow-mode waves propagating along the magnetic
field.
| astro-ph | we seek to clarify the nature of running penumbral rp waves are they chromospheric transsunspot waves or a visual pattern of upwardpropagating waves full stokes spectropolarimetric time series of the photospheric si i 10827 aa line and the chromospheric he i 10830 aa multiplet were inverted using a milneeddington atmosphere spatial pixels were paired between the outer umbralinner penumbral photosphere and the penumbral chromosphere using inclinations retrieved by the inversion and the dualheight pairings of lineofsight velocity time series were studied for signatures of wave propagation using a fourier phase difference analysis the dispersion relation for radiatively cooling acoustic waves modified to incorporate an inclined propagation direction fits well the observed phase differences between the pairs of photospheric and chromospheric pixels we have thus demonstrated that rp waves are in effect lowbeta slowmode waves propagating along the magnetic field | [['we', 'seek', 'to', 'clarify', 'the', 'nature', 'of', 'running', 'penumbral', 'rp', 'waves', 'are', 'they', 'chromospheric', 'transsunspot', 'waves', 'or', 'a', 'visual', 'pattern', 'of', 'upwardpropagating', 'waves', 'full', 'stokes', 'spectropolarimetric', 'time', 'series', 'of', 'the', 'photospheric', 'si', 'i', '10827', 'aa', 'line', 'and', 'the', 'chromospheric', 'he', 'i', '10830', 'aa', 'multiplet', 'were', 'inverted', 'using', 'a', 'milneeddington', 'atmosphere', 'spatial', 'pixels', 'were', 'paired', 'between', 'the', 'outer', 'umbralinner', 'penumbral', 'photosphere', 'and', 'the', 'penumbral', 'chromosphere', 'using', 'inclinations', 'retrieved', 'by', 'the', 'inversion', 'and', 'the', 'dualheight', 'pairings', 'of', 'lineofsight', 'velocity', 'time', 'series', 'were', 'studied', 'for', 'signatures', 'of', 'wave', 'propagation', 'using', 'a', 'fourier', 'phase', 'difference', 'analysis', 'the', 'dispersion', 'relation', 'for', 'radiatively', 'cooling', 'acoustic', 'waves', 'modified', 'to', 'incorporate', 'an', 'inclined', 'propagation', 'direction', 'fits', 'well', 'the', 'observed', 'phase', 'differences', 'between', 'the', 'pairs', 'of', 'photospheric', 'and', 'chromospheric', 'pixels', 'we', 'have', 'thus', 'demonstrated', 'that', 'rp', 'waves', 'are', 'in', 'effect', 'lowbeta', 'slowmode', 'waves', 'propagating', 'along', 'the', 'magnetic', 'field']] | [-0.14826443546232493, 0.2055738917664284, 0.002528641566373956, 0.11682074770043768, -0.15221784737728097, -0.08528500711990465, -0.02180156538516338, 0.4813367579378845, -0.23577263173373306, -0.31382526350481543, 0.041850010522680614, -0.2699905121288098, -0.08433666035467896, 0.14919215054353974, 0.051220886683201086, 0.00865651741889237, 0.07094582435264088, -0.0803437206606545, -0.035393476344966875, -0.14302414031836258, 0.2565044922675417, 0.06969216955407961, 0.23112818046116873, -0.037399397945538274, 0.009958101986900574, -0.09928652640391032, -0.07104946173015325, 0.011029491715496132, -0.11919350289554131, 0.023420416446991593, 0.20313269141136997, 0.09860329225279309, 0.17253192902888473, -0.49922783476957944, -0.2620413596604896, -0.033902887391912585, 0.20440737903203732, 0.07538217960802071, -0.005294162604781484, -0.31380897046491396, 0.024239224035922876, -0.04730903165096499, -0.08828343543128166, 0.06980232849908884, 0.04396827537343865, 0.021658903405563357, -0.269615458420423, 0.08573378563639433, 0.0384482806420077, 0.18971966832246193, -0.0594927850727211, -0.06424883812638547, -0.12767887016354293, 0.07501821598442107, 0.07902499131759054, 0.0010392172193592962, 0.1217593120835612, -0.08351954862882849, -0.026068082741831484, 0.3648449878263123, -0.14490291182729004, -0.0498843342956046, 0.14552378402817445, -0.17947889713404414, -0.03574108377848889, 0.2216984747963793, 0.16113119823721184, 0.07691568047790925, -0.04620399947538424, -0.028891846551285946, -0.06443459649477411, 0.16724822296493905, 0.16259541107779918, 0.007219145757570753, 0.3211712615961647, 0.03512196019565796, -0.042257825719014576, 0.06625604432980146, -0.2977770505034748, 0.0032813329838545006, -0.28078733800965194, -0.15429132986772695, -0.06875680522609721, -0.03581015437531973, -0.08158457603456233, -0.1972136826336603, 0.4395326711648308, 0.16009687225553482, 0.19014280348132803, -0.0181473129452891, 0.2920011455083595, 0.13150966212646487, 0.015270247956162648, 0.14747753279858872, 0.3250270759659436, 0.26665758700555137, 0.2283054916496279, -0.26227948521537814, 0.037794939666020905, 0.09240080598015886] |
709.3732 | Compact objects in globular clusters | Globular clusters have long been known to contain large excesses of a variety
of objects formed through dynamical processes. The past few years have seen a
dramatic increase in our knowledge about these systems.
| astro-ph | globular clusters have long been known to contain large excesses of a variety of objects formed through dynamical processes the past few years have seen a dramatic increase in our knowledge about these systems | [['globular', 'clusters', 'have', 'long', 'been', 'known', 'to', 'contain', 'large', 'excesses', 'of', 'a', 'variety', 'of', 'objects', 'formed', 'through', 'dynamical', 'processes', 'the', 'past', 'few', 'years', 'have', 'seen', 'a', 'dramatic', 'increase', 'in', 'our', 'knowledge', 'about', 'these', 'systems']] | [-0.10309126386966776, 0.09106520850978353, -0.09207830632872441, 0.07432952271226574, -0.06422333032413222, -0.010807604874785551, 0.019014990943319657, 0.43408558977877393, -0.23772783621269114, -0.43892038635471287, 0.10779154838596963, -0.2917980939588126, -0.09451066182159326, 0.22444072768420859, -0.062054038924329424, 0.03650820375803639, 0.1468831153367372, 0.018125745933502913, -0.04433286074987229, -0.35405527131960673, 0.2529472958515672, -0.013616284026819117, 0.15092990574810436, -0.007605791995849679, 0.09291013085406602, -0.06598946174113628, -0.061371146263006854, 0.028160774149000645, -0.07518657392767422, 0.07872919769279714, 0.2765779623980908, 0.13880773372811211, 0.27704389141324687, -0.4529595326851396, -0.37834878046722975, 0.14509169204393402, 0.23065970213535955, 0.12175342854221954, -0.12434920801794813, -0.2850201014593682, 0.09576433699797182, -0.24795341677963734, -0.14517406771397767, -0.04159352731521187, 0.12244478017365669, 0.05410187297007617, -0.09397027526489075, 0.08573895522653509, 0.06641914904620909, 0.13081882981693044, -0.007881876505801784, -0.1650727158960174, 0.02845226723344668, 0.17615843591663768, 0.08123764669632211, 0.015933849739239496, 0.1515842594535035, -0.10796287998228389, -0.15793203518671148, 0.3167874715017045, -0.03825339767739505, 0.0003738870899028638, 0.32420736869030137, -0.19809816391481197, -0.21451768892652848, 0.2266818872817299, 0.237176109379267, 0.14410872362992344, -0.1923956654363257, 0.02873863737263224, -0.08718456275870695, 0.1816580131280181, 0.09864036086946726, 0.1445437788634616, 0.3293990263414076, 0.21231325562385953, -0.040930975406595016, 0.06441933776745025, -0.07666287135661524, -0.1465829518788001, -0.15933422949028148, -0.07058459879173075, -0.0935906203573241, 0.1013198892435278, -0.04868158435120302, -0.1669921215952319, 0.2759879970621756, 0.10615182187243857, 0.2817208602106856, -0.06446290876962901, 0.17957022955969854, 0.046484599290552604, 0.2724545267684495, 0.04485940637395663, 0.30082451606936317, 0.13239911034264984, 0.11044590546311263, -0.09647238769513719, 0.11957452750271734, -0.09907798356075279] |
709.3733 | The world-sheet description of A and B branes revisited | We give a manifest supersymmetric description of A and B branes on Kahler
manifolds using a completely local N=2 superspace formulation of the
world-sheet nonlinear sigma-model in the presence of a boundary. In particular,
we show that an N=2 superspace description of type A boundaries is possible, at
least when the background is Kahler. This leads to an elegant and concrete
setting for studying coisotropic A branes. Here, apgesan important role is
played by the boundary potential, whose precise physical meaning remains to be
fully understood. Duality transformations relating A and B branes in the
presence of isometries are studied as well.
| hep-th | we give a manifest supersymmetric description of a and b branes on kahler manifolds using a completely local n2 superspace formulation of the worldsheet nonlinear sigmamodel in the presence of a boundary in particular we show that an n2 superspace description of type a boundaries is possible at least when the background is kahler this leads to an elegant and concrete setting for studying coisotropic a branes here apgesan important role is played by the boundary potential whose precise physical meaning remains to be fully understood duality transformations relating a and b branes in the presence of isometries are studied as well | [['we', 'give', 'a', 'manifest', 'supersymmetric', 'description', 'of', 'a', 'and', 'b', 'branes', 'on', 'kahler', 'manifolds', 'using', 'a', 'completely', 'local', 'n2', 'superspace', 'formulation', 'of', 'the', 'worldsheet', 'nonlinear', 'sigmamodel', 'in', 'the', 'presence', 'of', 'a', 'boundary', 'in', 'particular', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'an', 'n2', 'superspace', 'description', 'of', 'type', 'a', 'boundaries', 'is', 'possible', 'at', 'least', 'when', 'the', 'background', 'is', 'kahler', 'this', 'leads', 'to', 'an', 'elegant', 'and', 'concrete', 'setting', 'for', 'studying', 'coisotropic', 'a', 'branes', 'here', 'apgesan', 'important', 'role', 'is', 'played', 'by', 'the', 'boundary', 'potential', 'whose', 'precise', 'physical', 'meaning', 'remains', 'to', 'be', 'fully', 'understood', 'duality', 'transformations', 'relating', 'a', 'and', 'b', 'branes', 'in', 'the', 'presence', 'of', 'isometries', 'are', 'studied', 'as', 'well']] | [-0.14633993726998273, 0.12467333919508153, -0.06673760904404934, 0.08883766100124114, -0.0977401236846748, -0.17207216156535957, -0.0212787107252147, 0.3243953652016007, -0.20518482259317938, -0.23540130001262272, 0.11938102667030906, -0.23975923207431737, -0.20921355666648042, 0.10758258566885062, -0.13293218564721618, -0.008670605202712635, -0.0044418004811695305, 0.03651400764892339, -0.09497393730688969, -0.23738819781672393, 0.369914893282227, 0.02802901135960428, 0.2158021816919272, 0.08482972611811491, 0.12400003213269434, -0.004331772072738645, 0.0008185023054628089, 0.03111569805296673, -0.10467513566549999, 0.11911722146076067, 0.24668958219255802, 0.04105637952371841, 0.13449575820716447, -0.45435191963863847, -0.20742132197051208, 0.10466187976365264, 0.17974026535181237, 0.1225516935994867, -0.028574149639548567, -0.26589125837429917, 0.0417390834115962, -0.09532069667509876, -0.2008425185945586, -0.11752000553095436, 0.046393975338870935, -0.12625294709393736, -0.25113616823587603, 0.05417921705780053, 0.09138085181930905, 0.08195068941239526, -0.07256295691511713, -0.04225215905733259, -0.07335530756050629, 0.0920821200853956, 0.05596262458389127, 0.08316673165058146, 0.10304449974457816, -0.16311062878634006, -0.10461453352086615, 0.3891897086090971, -0.0467272764578978, -0.2752283369167938, 0.16593956287101944, -0.09721825120159157, -0.15707569035913538, 0.06664930903675532, 0.10198645203346664, 0.20958169848003452, -0.15096384658328935, 0.21035037305733964, -0.05001929489259451, 0.09728042876790507, 0.1130372416274161, 0.04889383832324702, 0.23672596938760565, 0.16728677136344042, 0.08471261787154519, 0.15637775463407103, 0.025707617344445374, -0.09809690156990736, -0.46045315186354785, -0.16807038498360036, -0.08567027705214401, 0.15800800310023647, -0.11677869626895483, -0.16958642368306323, 0.36817068872180314, 0.044242304371725216, 0.2288690959518351, 0.016651030763578, 0.20889322511335412, 0.08956593813001187, 0.01576621652036758, 0.026746841288162487, 0.23943668538082097, 0.1834839344932928, 0.04269318733972931, -0.1921440314266388, -0.07145686877780769, 0.15651549437627343] |
709.3734 | Hadronic decays of the tau lepton into K K pion modes within Resonance
Chiral Theory | Tau decays into hadrons have a twofold interest: On the one hand, they are a
clean environment for studying the hadronization of the left-handed current of
QCD, while, on the other side, provide relevant dynamical information of the
resonances that mediate these processes. Within an effective field theory-like
framework, namely Resonance Chiral Theory, we analyse the decays ot the tau
into K K pion modes and compare the results with CLEO and BaBar data. In this
way, we provide bounds on the couplings entering our Lagrangian and predict the
corresponding spectral functions. As a main result -and contrary to the bulk of
theoretical studies and experimental analyses- we find vector current dominance
on these decays.
| hep-ph | tau decays into hadrons have a twofold interest on the one hand they are a clean environment for studying the hadronization of the lefthanded current of qcd while on the other side provide relevant dynamical information of the resonances that mediate these processes within an effective field theorylike framework namely resonance chiral theory we analyse the decays ot the tau into k k pion modes and compare the results with cleo and babar data in this way we provide bounds on the couplings entering our lagrangian and predict the corresponding spectral functions as a main result and contrary to the bulk of theoretical studies and experimental analyses we find vector current dominance on these decays | [['tau', 'decays', 'into', 'hadrons', 'have', 'a', 'twofold', 'interest', 'on', 'the', 'one', 'hand', 'they', 'are', 'a', 'clean', 'environment', 'for', 'studying', 'the', 'hadronization', 'of', 'the', 'lefthanded', 'current', 'of', 'qcd', 'while', 'on', 'the', 'other', 'side', 'provide', 'relevant', 'dynamical', 'information', 'of', 'the', 'resonances', 'that', 'mediate', 'these', 'processes', 'within', 'an', 'effective', 'field', 'theorylike', 'framework', 'namely', 'resonance', 'chiral', 'theory', 'we', 'analyse', 'the', 'decays', 'ot', 'the', 'tau', 'into', 'k', 'k', 'pion', 'modes', 'and', 'compare', 'the', 'results', 'with', 'cleo', 'and', 'babar', 'data', 'in', 'this', 'way', 'we', 'provide', 'bounds', 'on', 'the', 'couplings', 'entering', 'our', 'lagrangian', 'and', 'predict', 'the', 'corresponding', 'spectral', 'functions', 'as', 'a', 'main', 'result', 'and', 'contrary', 'to', 'the', 'bulk', 'of', 'theoretical', 'studies', 'and', 'experimental', 'analyses', 'we', 'find', 'vector', 'current', 'dominance', 'on', 'these', 'decays']] | [-0.08427080844893403, 0.181120199706208, -0.1134798759351606, 0.10148467289729286, -0.06674856370638894, -0.11932372188539771, 0.05892019851497658, 0.3256014223170021, -0.20802030596558166, -0.2303663661622483, 0.04583490591637952, -0.3395885548432884, -0.07401514651213327, 0.1715563941423012, 0.0781263559712502, 0.03700544315025858, 0.0731316026745607, 0.05455071605063732, -0.056104994804912205, -0.18661229559422834, 0.3025813703506213, -0.00951257777278838, 0.2480921402938016, 0.11701754328349362, 0.0008871118548204718, 0.006305113072385606, -0.04995005693838365, -0.03660061854626174, -0.17289513925162558, 0.10163341114378494, 0.1924605885601562, 0.10709202564118997, 0.16030936802777906, -0.42541975706167845, -0.16085501539156488, 0.07394518705651812, 0.15133616333503438, 0.10067789388780037, -0.05872553312017218, -0.3251400983042043, 0.09312026751146692, -0.12058782358856304, -0.07040291090455392, -0.11847916621633846, -0.023847135872094204, -0.03797191031651733, -0.29920725556616873, 0.04654828026440278, 0.030771985547566463, 0.0342639043684239, -0.058308379781310975, -0.2124882193089908, -0.004189490875148255, 0.10878580917563775, 0.116951934389932, 0.05885625041960536, 0.16121656055278752, -0.15495655775151174, -0.15179767961330387, 0.3747684368215825, -0.0795347284819202, -0.16912371852313696, 0.20443568683188895, -0.17004090722488321, -0.14181003784760832, 0.0882541349724583, 0.21150758574797732, 0.085028443566483, -0.14684006762083457, 0.09953579952606284, -0.0478350474924335, 0.1224870303230684, 0.009418652820117447, 0.09152022896982405, 0.2088532998226583, 0.17896374509791318, 0.002179174507846651, 0.08468677885273633, -0.06603604933935339, -0.09810716244999482, -0.3592141663706254, -0.12716254172036828, -0.10628685478687934, 0.03952838590611582, -0.06986102171016999, -0.11747671504120302, 0.42644824286436905, 0.14460275042802095, 0.28388445404479684, 0.037278296636498495, 0.3222783218259397, 0.09678153853620523, 0.07860120531455006, 0.061221993797580185, 0.29600280038202587, 0.16189439944598985, 0.09677342113471873, -0.2555444577141948, 0.021105367263131166, 0.029469481248246585] |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.