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710.0053
High-sensitivity imaging with multi-mode twin beams
Twin entangled beams produced by single-pass parametric down-conversion (PDC) offer the opportunity to detect weak amount of absorption with an improved sensitivity with respect to standard techniques which make use of classical light sources. We propose a differential measurement scheme which exploits the spatial quantum correlation of type II PDC to image a weak amplitude object with a sensitivity beyond the standard quantum limit imposed by shot-noise.
quant-ph
twin entangled beams produced by singlepass parametric downconversion pdc offer the opportunity to detect weak amount of absorption with an improved sensitivity with respect to standard techniques which make use of classical light sources we propose a differential measurement scheme which exploits the spatial quantum correlation of type ii pdc to image a weak amplitude object with a sensitivity beyond the standard quantum limit imposed by shotnoise
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710.0054
Coupled nanopillar waveguides: optical properties and applications
In this paper we review basic properties of coupled periodic and aperiodic nanopillar waveguides. A coupled nanopillar waveguide consists of several rows of periodically or aperiodically placed dielectric rods (pillars). In such a waveguide, light confinement is due to the total internal reflection, while guided modes dispersion is strongly affected by the waveguide structure. We present a systematic analysis of the optical properties of coupled nanopillar waveguides and discuss their possible applications for integrated optics.
physics.optics cond-mat.mes-hall
in this paper we review basic properties of coupled periodic and aperiodic nanopillar waveguides a coupled nanopillar waveguide consists of several rows of periodically or aperiodically placed dielectric rods pillars in such a waveguide light confinement is due to the total internal reflection while guided modes dispersion is strongly affected by the waveguide structure we present a systematic analysis of the optical properties of coupled nanopillar waveguides and discuss their possible applications for integrated optics
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710.0055
Periodic solutions for a class of singulary perturbated systems
In this paper we provide conditions to ensure the existence, for $e>0$ sufficiently small, of periodic solutions of given period $T>0$ in a prescribed domain $U$ for a class of singularly perturbed first order differential systems. Here $e>0$ is the perturbation parameter. Our approach, based on the topological degree theory and the averaging theory, permits to weaken the conditions in [K.R. Schneider, Vibrational control of singularly perturbed systems, in "Lectures Notes in Control and Information Science", 259, 397-408, Springer, London, 2001, Theorem 2] under which the existence of periodic solutions is proved.
math.CA
in this paper we provide conditions to ensure the existence for e0 sufficiently small of periodic solutions of given period t0 in a prescribed domain u for a class of singularly perturbed first order differential systems here e0 is the perturbation parameter our approach based on the topological degree theory and the averaging theory permits to weaken the conditions in kr schneider vibrational control of singularly perturbed systems in lectures notes in control and information science 259 397408 springer london 2001 theorem 2 under which the existence of periodic solutions is proved
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710.0056
Small parameter perturbations of nonlinear periodic systems
In this paper we consider a class of nonlinear periodic differential systems perturbed by two nonlinear periodic terms with multiplicative different powers of a small parameter $e>0$. For such a class of systems we provide conditions which guarantee the existence of periodic solutions of given period $T>0$. These conditions are expressed in terms of the behaviour on the boundary of an open bounded set $U$ of $R^n$ of the solutions of suitably defined linearized systems. The approach is based on the classical theory of the topological degree for compact vector fields. An application to the existence of periodic solutions to the van der Pol equation is also presented.
math.CA
in this paper we consider a class of nonlinear periodic differential systems perturbed by two nonlinear periodic terms with multiplicative different powers of a small parameter e0 for such a class of systems we provide conditions which guarantee the existence of periodic solutions of given period t0 these conditions are expressed in terms of the behaviour on the boundary of an open bounded set u of rn of the solutions of suitably defined linearized systems the approach is based on the classical theory of the topological degree for compact vector fields an application to the existence of periodic solutions to the van der pol equation is also presented
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710.0057
A new approach in the theory of ordinary differential equations with small parameter
A topological degree based averaging principle has been proposed by J. Mawhin in his PhD thesis [J. Mawhin, Le Probleme des Solutions Periodiques en Mecanique non Lineaire, These de doctorat en sciences, Universite de Liege, 1969]. In the present paper we extend this result for the case when the unperturbed system is nonlinear but possesses a set of T-periodic solutions whose initial conditions constitute a boundary of some open set.
math.CA
a topological degree based averaging principle has been proposed by j mawhin in his phd thesis j mawhin le probleme des solutions periodiques en mecanique non lineaire these de doctorat en sciences universite de liege 1969 in the present paper we extend this result for the case when the unperturbed system is nonlinear but possesses a set of tperiodic solutions whose initial conditions constitute a boundary of some open set
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710.0058
Non-Minimal Inflation after WMAP3
The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) three year results are used to constraint non-minimal inflation models. Two different non-minimally coupled scalar field potentials are considered to calculate corresponding slow-roll parameters of non-minimal inflation. The results of numerical analysis of parameter space are compared with WMAP3 data to find appropriate new constraints on the values of the non-minimal coupling. A detailed comparison of our results with previous studies reveals the present status of the non-minimal inflation model after WMAP3.
astro-ph
the wilkinson microwave anisotropy probe wmap three year results are used to constraint nonminimal inflation models two different nonminimally coupled scalar field potentials are considered to calculate corresponding slowroll parameters of nonminimal inflation the results of numerical analysis of parameter space are compared with wmap3 data to find appropriate new constraints on the values of the nonminimal coupling a detailed comparison of our results with previous studies reveals the present status of the nonminimal inflation model after wmap3
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710.0059
Motif-based communities in complex networks
Community definitions usually focus on edges, inside and between the communities. However, the high density of edges within a community determines correlations between nodes going beyond nearest-neighbours, and which are indicated by the presence of motifs. We show how motifs can be used to define general classes of nodes, including communities, by extending the mathematical expression of Newman-Girvan modularity. We construct then a general framework and apply it to some synthetic and real networks.
physics.comp-ph physics.data-an physics.soc-ph
community definitions usually focus on edges inside and between the communities however the high density of edges within a community determines correlations between nodes going beyond nearestneighbours and which are indicated by the presence of motifs we show how motifs can be used to define general classes of nodes including communities by extending the mathematical expression of newmangirvan modularity we construct then a general framework and apply it to some synthetic and real networks
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710.006
Methods of topological degree theory in Malkin I. G. - Melnikov V. K.'s problems for periodically perturbed systems
A topological degree based averaging principle has been proposed by J. Mawhin in his PhD thesis [J. Mawhin, Le Probleme des Solutions Periodiques en Mecanique non Lineaire, These de doctorat en sciences, Universite de Liege, 1969]. In his thesis the author gives analogous topological degree versions of classical bifurcation results due to I.G. Malkin and V.K. Melnikov, namely the conditions for bifurcation of periodic solutions from families are expressed in term of the topological degree of the bifurcation function. Moreover, the topological index of bifurcated periodic solutions is evaluated over that degree. A third part of the thesis is devoted to the rate the bifurcated periodic solutions converge when the perturbation vanishes. The differentiability of perturbed systems is not assumed.
math.CA
a topological degree based averaging principle has been proposed by j mawhin in his phd thesis j mawhin le probleme des solutions periodiques en mecanique non lineaire these de doctorat en sciences universite de liege 1969 in his thesis the author gives analogous topological degree versions of classical bifurcation results due to ig malkin and vk melnikov namely the conditions for bifurcation of periodic solutions from families are expressed in term of the topological degree of the bifurcation function moreover the topological index of bifurcated periodic solutions is evaluated over that degree a third part of the thesis is devoted to the rate the bifurcated periodic solutions converge when the perturbation vanishes the differentiability of perturbed systems is not assumed
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710.0061
Higher Order Normalizations in the Generalized Photogravitational Restricted Three Body Problem with Poynting-Robertson Drag
Higher order normalizations are performed in the generalized photogravitational restricted three body problem with Poynting-Robertson drag. In this problem we have taken bigger primary as a source of radiation and smaller primary as an oblate spheroid. Whittaker method is used to transform the second order part of the Hamiltonian into the normal form. We have also performed Birkhoff's normalization of the Hamiltonian. For this we have tilized Henrard's method and expanded the coordinates of the infinitesimal body in double D'Alembert series. We have found the values of first and second order components. They are affected by radiation pressure, oblateness and P-R drag. Finally we obtained the third order part of the Hamiltonian zero. Keywords:Higher Order Normalization, Generalized Photogravitational, RTBP,P-R drag
math.DS
higher order normalizations are performed in the generalized photogravitational restricted three body problem with poyntingrobertson drag in this problem we have taken bigger primary as a source of radiation and smaller primary as an oblate spheroid whittaker method is used to transform the second order part of the hamiltonian into the normal form we have also performed birkhoffs normalization of the hamiltonian for this we have tilized henrards method and expanded the coordinates of the infinitesimal body in double dalembert series we have found the values of first and second order components they are affected by radiation pressure oblateness and pr drag finally we obtained the third order part of the hamiltonian zero keywordshigher order normalization generalized photogravitational rtbppr drag
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710.0062
Domain of attraction of asymptotically stable periodic solutions obtained via averaging principle
In this paper we propose an approach to evaluate the domain of attraction of asymptotically stable periodic solutions obtained via averaging principle (second Bogolubov's theorem or Mel'nikov's method). We discuss also how this result is extended in the case when the right hand part is nonsmooth.
math.CA
in this paper we propose an approach to evaluate the domain of attraction of asymptotically stable periodic solutions obtained via averaging principle second bogolubovs theorem or melnikovs method we discuss also how this result is extended in the case when the right hand part is nonsmooth
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710.0063
The Lorentz force effect on the On-Off dynamo intermittency
An investigation of the dynamo instability close to the threshold produced by an ABC forced flow is presented. We focus on the on-off intermittency behavior of the dynamo and the counter-effect of the Lorentz force in the non-linear stage of the dynamo. The Lorentz force drastically alters the statistics of the turbulent fluctuations of the flow and reduces their amplitude. As a result much longer burst (on-phases) are observed than what is expected based on the amplitude of the fluctuations in the kinematic regime of the dynamo. For large Reynolds numbers, the duration time of the ``On'' phase follows a power law distribution, while for smaller Reynolds numbers the Lorentz force completely kills the noise and the system transits from a chaotic state into a ``laminar'' time periodic flow. The behavior of the On-Off intermittency as the Reynolds number is increased is also examined. The connections with dynamo experiments and theoretical modeling are discussed.
physics.flu-dyn astro-ph nlin.CD
an investigation of the dynamo instability close to the threshold produced by an abc forced flow is presented we focus on the onoff intermittency behavior of the dynamo and the countereffect of the lorentz force in the nonlinear stage of the dynamo the lorentz force drastically alters the statistics of the turbulent fluctuations of the flow and reduces their amplitude as a result much longer burst onphases are observed than what is expected based on the amplitude of the fluctuations in the kinematic regime of the dynamo for large reynolds numbers the duration time of the on phase follows a power law distribution while for smaller reynolds numbers the lorentz force completely kills the noise and the system transits from a chaotic state into a laminar time periodic flow the behavior of the onoff intermittency as the reynolds number is increased is also examined the connections with dynamo experiments and theoretical modeling are discussed
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710.0064
A sufficient condition for the linear stability of magnetohydrodynamic equilibria with field aligned incompressible flows
A sufficient condition for the linear stability of three dimensional equilibria with incompressible flows parallel to the magnetic field is derived. The condition involves physically interpretable terms related to the magnetic shear and the flow shear.
physics.plasm-ph
a sufficient condition for the linear stability of three dimensional equilibria with incompressible flows parallel to the magnetic field is derived the condition involves physically interpretable terms related to the magnetic shear and the flow shear
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710.0065
Commutativity and ideals in algebraic crossed products
We investigate properties of commutative subrings and ideals in non-commutative algebraic crossed products for actions by arbitrary groups. A description of the commutant of the base coefficient subring in the crossed product ring is given. Conditions for commutativity and maximal commutativity of the commutant of the base subring are provided in terms of the action as well as in terms of the intersection of ideals in the crossed product ring with the base subring, specially taking into account both the case of base rings without non-trivial zero-divisors and the case of base rings with non-trivial zero-divisors.
math.RA
we investigate properties of commutative subrings and ideals in noncommutative algebraic crossed products for actions by arbitrary groups a description of the commutant of the base coefficient subring in the crossed product ring is given conditions for commutativity and maximal commutativity of the commutant of the base subring are provided in terms of the action as well as in terms of the intersection of ideals in the crossed product ring with the base subring specially taking into account both the case of base rings without nontrivial zerodivisors and the case of base rings with nontrivial zerodivisors
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710.0066
HMC algorithm for two-flavour lattice QCD: Schwarz-preconditioning with a one-dimensional domain decomposition
We study a variant of the Schwarz-preconditioned HMC algorithm. In contrast to the original proposal of L\"uscher, we apply the domain decomposition in one lattice direction only. This is sufficient to reduce the condition number of the fermion matrix restricted to the domains compared with the full fermion matrix. For the same linear extension of the domain, less links reside on the boundaries of the domains. Therefore it becomes e.g. practical to iterate the decomposition. We perform numerical tests for two degenerate flavours of Wilson fermions. The standard Wilson gauge action at $\beta=5.6$ is used. The performance of our implementation is compared with other recent studies using various types of preconditioning.
hep-lat
we study a variant of the schwarzpreconditioned hmc algorithm in contrast to the original proposal of luscher we apply the domain decomposition in one lattice direction only this is sufficient to reduce the condition number of the fermion matrix restricted to the domains compared with the full fermion matrix for the same linear extension of the domain less links reside on the boundaries of the domains therefore it becomes eg practical to iterate the decomposition we perform numerical tests for two degenerate flavours of wilson fermions the standard wilson gauge action at beta56 is used the performance of our implementation is compared with other recent studies using various types of preconditioning
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710.0067
Invariant measures of Hamiltonian systems with prescribed asymptotic Maslov index
We study the properties of the asymptotic Maslov index of invariant measures for time-periodic Hamiltonian systems on the cotangent bundle of a compact manifold M. We show that if M has finite fundamental group and the Hamiltonian satisfies some general growth assumptions on the momenta, the asymptotic Maslov indices of periodic orbits are dense in the positive half line. Furthermore, if the Hamiltonian is the Fenchel dual of an electro-magnetic Lagrangian, every non-negative number r is the limit of the asymptotic Maslov indices of a sequence of periodic orbits which converges narrowly to an invariant measure with asymptotic Maslov index r. We discuss the existence of minimal ergodic invariant measures with prescribed asymptotic Maslov index by the analogue of Mather's theory of the beta function, the asymptotic Maslov index playing the role of the rotation vector.
math.DS math.SG
we study the properties of the asymptotic maslov index of invariant measures for timeperiodic hamiltonian systems on the cotangent bundle of a compact manifold m we show that if m has finite fundamental group and the hamiltonian satisfies some general growth assumptions on the momenta the asymptotic maslov indices of periodic orbits are dense in the positive half line furthermore if the hamiltonian is the fenchel dual of an electromagnetic lagrangian every nonnegative number r is the limit of the asymptotic maslov indices of a sequence of periodic orbits which converges narrowly to an invariant measure with asymptotic maslov index r we discuss the existence of minimal ergodic invariant measures with prescribed asymptotic maslov index by the analogue of mathers theory of the beta function the asymptotic maslov index playing the role of the rotation vector
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710.0068
Wheeler's Gravitomagnetism Revisited I: A Purely Lorentz-Compton Approach to Vector Gravitational Waves and Trio-Holes
A theory of vector gravitational waves is presented on the basis of an additional gravitational field, recovering ideas that go back to H. A. Lorentz, field that A. Wheeler called ``gravitomagnetism''. The theory is independent of Einstein's General Relativity Theory, but is consistent with the Einstein-Lorentz framework of Special Relativity, so that the resulting equations are considered exact from the start, and not approximations valid for velocities small compared with the speed of light. A simple model of mass formation and presence of angular momentum started with a new type of singularity, ``trio-holes'', is exhibited.
physics.gen-ph
a theory of vector gravitational waves is presented on the basis of an additional gravitational field recovering ideas that go back to h a lorentz field that a wheeler called gravitomagnetism the theory is independent of einsteins general relativity theory but is consistent with the einsteinlorentz framework of special relativity so that the resulting equations are considered exact from the start and not approximations valid for velocities small compared with the speed of light a simple model of mass formation and presence of angular momentum started with a new type of singularity trioholes is exhibited
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710.0069
High-order accurate implicit methods for the pricing of barrier options
This paper deals with a high-order accurate implicit finite-difference approach to the pricing of barrier options. In this way various types of barrier options are priced, including barrier options paying rebates, and options on dividend-paying-stocks. Moreover, the barriers may be monitored either continuously or discretely. In addition to the high-order accuracy of the scheme, and the stretching effect of the coordinate transformation, the main feature of this approach lies on a probability-based optimal determination of boundary conditions. This leads to much faster and accurate results when compared with similar pricing approaches. The strength of the present scheme is particularly demonstrated in the valuation of discretely monitored barrier options where it yields values closest to those obtained from the only semi-analytical valuation method available.
q-fin.PR math.NA math.PR
this paper deals with a highorder accurate implicit finitedifference approach to the pricing of barrier options in this way various types of barrier options are priced including barrier options paying rebates and options on dividendpayingstocks moreover the barriers may be monitored either continuously or discretely in addition to the highorder accuracy of the scheme and the stretching effect of the coordinate transformation the main feature of this approach lies on a probabilitybased optimal determination of boundary conditions this leads to much faster and accurate results when compared with similar pricing approaches the strength of the present scheme is particularly demonstrated in the valuation of discretely monitored barrier options where it yields values closest to those obtained from the only semianalytical valuation method available
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710.007
Casimir operators of Lie algebras with a nilpotent radical
We show that a Lie algebra having a nilpotent radical has a fundamental set of invariants consisting of Casimir operators. We give a different proof of this fact in the special and well-known case where the radical is abelian.
math.OC math.GR
we show that a lie algebra having a nilpotent radical has a fundamental set of invariants consisting of casimir operators we give a different proof of this fact in the special and wellknown case where the radical is abelian
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710.0071
Symmetry properties of a nonlinear acoustics model
We give a classification into conjugacy classes of subalgebras of the symmetry algebra generated by the Zabolotskaya-Khokhlov equation, and obtain all similarity reductions of this equation into $(1+1)$-dimensional equations. We thus show that Lie classical reduction approach may also give rise to more general reduced equations as those expected from the direct method of Clarkson and Kruskal. By transforming the determining system for the similarity variables into the equivalent adjoint system of total differential equations, similarity reductions to {\sc ode}s which are independent of the three arbitrary functions defining the symmetries are also obtained. These results are again compared with those obtained by the direct method of Clarkson and Kruskal, by finding in particular equivalence transformations mapping some of the reduced equations to each other. Various families of new exact solutions are also derived.
math.OC math-ph math.MP
we give a classification into conjugacy classes of subalgebras of the symmetry algebra generated by the zabolotskayakhokhlov equation and obtain all similarity reductions of this equation into 11dimensional equations we thus show that lie classical reduction approach may also give rise to more general reduced equations as those expected from the direct method of clarkson and kruskal by transforming the determining system for the similarity variables into the equivalent adjoint system of total differential equations similarity reductions to sc odes which are independent of the three arbitrary functions defining the symmetries are also obtained these results are again compared with those obtained by the direct method of clarkson and kruskal by finding in particular equivalence transformations mapping some of the reduced equations to each other various families of new exact solutions are also derived
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710.0072
The vector and axial vector current in Wilson ChPT
We construct the vector and axial vector currents in Wilson Chiral Perturbation Theory (WChPT), the low-energy effective theory for lattice QCD with Wilson fermions. Our construction is slightly different compared to ChPT in continuum QCD, where the currents are essentially the (partially) conserved currents associated with the chiral symmetries. In WChPT, due to explicit chiral symmetry breaking at non-zero lattice spacing, there appear O(a) terms in the expressions for the currents which do not stem from the effective action. In addition, the finite renormalization of the currents needs to be taken into account in order to properly match the currents of the effective theory. As an illustration we compute f_pi to one loop with the renormalized axial vector current for a particular renormalization condition. It turns out that for this particular condition some of the O(a) corrections are taken care of by the renormalization.
hep-lat
we construct the vector and axial vector currents in wilson chiral perturbation theory wchpt the lowenergy effective theory for lattice qcd with wilson fermions our construction is slightly different compared to chpt in continuum qcd where the currents are essentially the partially conserved currents associated with the chiral symmetries in wchpt due to explicit chiral symmetry breaking at nonzero lattice spacing there appear oa terms in the expressions for the currents which do not stem from the effective action in addition the finite renormalization of the currents needs to be taken into account in order to properly match the currents of the effective theory as an illustration we compute f_pi to one loop with the renormalized axial vector current for a particular renormalization condition it turns out that for this particular condition some of the oa corrections are taken care of by the renormalization
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710.0073
Strongly coupled large N spectrum of two matrices coupled via a Yang-Mills interaction
We consider the large N spectrum of the quantum mechanical hamiltonian of two hermitean matrices coupled via a Yang-Mills interaction. In a framework where one of the matrices is treated exactly and the other is treated as a creation operator impurity, the difference equation associated with the Yang-Mills interaction is derived and solved exactly for two impurities. In this case, the full string tension corrected spectrum depends on two momenta. For a specific value of one of these momenta, the spectrum has the same structure as that of giant magnon bound states. States with general number of impurities are also discussed.
hep-th
we consider the large n spectrum of the quantum mechanical hamiltonian of two hermitean matrices coupled via a yangmills interaction in a framework where one of the matrices is treated exactly and the other is treated as a creation operator impurity the difference equation associated with the yangmills interaction is derived and solved exactly for two impurities in this case the full string tension corrected spectrum depends on two momenta for a specific value of one of these momenta the spectrum has the same structure as that of giant magnon bound states states with general number of impurities are also discussed
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710.0074
Localized reversible nanoscale phase separation in Pr_0.63Ca_0.37MnO_3 single crystal using a scanning tunneling microscope tip
We report the destabilization of the charge ordered insulating (COI) state in a localized region of Pr_0.63Ca_0.37MnO_3 single crystal by current injection using a scanning tunneling microscope tip. This leads to controlled phase separation and formation of localized metallic nanoislands in the COI matrix which have been detected by local tunneling conductance mapping. The metallic regions thus created persist even after reducing the injected current to lower values. The original conductance state can be restored by injecting a current of similar magnitude but of opposite polarity. We thus achieve reversible nanoscale phase separation that gives rise to the possibility to "write, read, and erase" nanosized conducting regions in an insulating matrix with high spatial resolution.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.str-el
we report the destabilization of the charge ordered insulating coi state in a localized region of pr_063ca_037mno_3 single crystal by current injection using a scanning tunneling microscope tip this leads to controlled phase separation and formation of localized metallic nanoislands in the coi matrix which have been detected by local tunneling conductance mapping the metallic regions thus created persist even after reducing the injected current to lower values the original conductance state can be restored by injecting a current of similar magnitude but of opposite polarity we thus achieve reversible nanoscale phase separation that gives rise to the possibility to write read and erase nanosized conducting regions in an insulating matrix with high spatial resolution
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710.0075
Elliptic functions and efficient control of Ising spin chains with unequal couplings
In this article, we study optimal control of dynamics in a linear chain of three spin 1/2, weakly coupled with unequal Ising couplings. We address the problem of time-optimal synthesis of multiple spin quantum coherences. We derive time-optimal pulse sequence for creating a desired spin order by computing geodesics on a sphere under a special metric. The solution to the geodesic equation is related to the nonlinear oscillator equation and the minimum time to create multiple spin order can be expressed in terms of an elliptic integral. These techniques are used for efficient creation of multiple spin coherences in Ising spin-chains with unequal couplings.
quant-ph
in this article we study optimal control of dynamics in a linear chain of three spin 12 weakly coupled with unequal ising couplings we address the problem of timeoptimal synthesis of multiple spin quantum coherences we derive timeoptimal pulse sequence for creating a desired spin order by computing geodesics on a sphere under a special metric the solution to the geodesic equation is related to the nonlinear oscillator equation and the minimum time to create multiple spin order can be expressed in terms of an elliptic integral these techniques are used for efficient creation of multiple spin coherences in ising spinchains with unequal couplings
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710.0076
A note on quantum 3-manifold invariants and hyperbolic volume
We investigate the conjectural relations between the Reshetikhin-Turaev-Witten quantum SU(2) invariants and the volume of hyperbolic 3-manifolds. Given a finite set of sufficiently large positive integers, say J, we construct examples of closed hyperbolic 3-manifolds with the same invariants at all levels in J and different volume.
math.GT math.QA
we investigate the conjectural relations between the reshetikhinturaevwitten quantum su2 invariants and the volume of hyperbolic 3manifolds given a finite set of sufficiently large positive integers say j we construct examples of closed hyperbolic 3manifolds with the same invariants at all levels in j and different volume
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710.0077
2-loop Quantum Yang-Mills Condensate as Dark Energy
In seeking a model solving the coincidence problem, the effective Yang-Mills condensate (YMC) is an alternative candidate for dark energy. A study is made for the model up to the 2-loop order of quantum corrections. It is found that, like in the 1-loop model, for generic initial conditions during the radiation era, there is always a desired tracking solution, yielding the current status $\Omega_\Lambda \simeq 0.73$ and $\Omega_m \simeq 0.27$. As the time $t\to \infty$ the dynamics is a stable attractor. Thus the model naturally solves the coincidence problem of dark energy. Moreover, if YMC decays into matter, its equation of state (EoS) crosses -1 and takes $w\sim -1.1$, as indicated by the recent observations.
astro-ph
in seeking a model solving the coincidence problem the effective yangmills condensate ymc is an alternative candidate for dark energy a study is made for the model up to the 2loop order of quantum corrections it is found that like in the 1loop model for generic initial conditions during the radiation era there is always a desired tracking solution yielding the current status omega_lambda simeq 073 and omega_m simeq 027 as the time tto infty the dynamics is a stable attractor thus the model naturally solves the coincidence problem of dark energy moreover if ymc decays into matter its equation of state eos crosses 1 and takes wsim 11 as indicated by the recent observations
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710.0078
The Method of the Description of Dynamics Nonequilibrium Systems within the Frames of the Classical Mechanics
Within the frames of the analytical mechanics the method of the description of dynamics of nonequilibrium systems of potentially interacting elements is develops. The method is based on an opportunity of representation of nonequilibrium system by set of interacting equilibrium subsystems. The equation of motion of interacting subsystems is found. Based on it the Lagrange, Hamilton and Liouville equations for subsystems are obtained. The expression of an entropy production is found. The way of a substantiation of thermodynamics in the frames of classical mechanic is offered.
physics.gen-ph
within the frames of the analytical mechanics the method of the description of dynamics of nonequilibrium systems of potentially interacting elements is develops the method is based on an opportunity of representation of nonequilibrium system by set of interacting equilibrium subsystems the equation of motion of interacting subsystems is found based on it the lagrange hamilton and liouville equations for subsystems are obtained the expression of an entropy production is found the way of a substantiation of thermodynamics in the frames of classical mechanic is offered
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710.0079
Scattering of Noncommutative Waves and Solitons in a Supersymmetric Chiral Model in 2+1 Dimensions
Interactions of noncommutative waves and solitons in 2+1 dimensions can be analyzed exactly for a supersymmetric and integrable U(n) chiral model extending the Ward model. Using the Moyal-deformed dressing method in an antichiral superspace, we construct explicit time-dependent solutions of its noncommutative field equations by iteratively solving linear equations. The approach is illustrated by presenting scattering configurations for two noncommutative U(2) plane waves and for two noncommutative U(2) solitons as well as by producing a noncommutative U(1) two-soliton bound state.
hep-th
interactions of noncommutative waves and solitons in 21 dimensions can be analyzed exactly for a supersymmetric and integrable un chiral model extending the ward model using the moyaldeformed dressing method in an antichiral superspace we construct explicit timedependent solutions of its noncommutative field equations by iteratively solving linear equations the approach is illustrated by presenting scattering configurations for two noncommutative u2 plane waves and for two noncommutative u2 solitons as well as by producing a noncommutative u1 twosoliton bound state
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710.008
Equivalent metrics and compactifications
Let (X,d) be a metric space and m\in X. Suppose that \phi:X\times X\to\mathbold{R} is a nonnegative symmetric function. We define a metric d^{\phi,m} on X which is equivalent to d. If d^{\phi,m} is totally bounded, its completion is a compactification of (X,d). As examples, we construct two compactifications of (\mathhbold{R}^s,d_E), where d_E is the Euclidean metric and s\geq 2.
math.GT math.GN
let xd be a metric space and min x suppose that phixtimes xtomathboldr is a nonnegative symmetric function we define a metric dphim on x which is equivalent to d if dphim is totally bounded its completion is a compactification of xd as examples we construct two compactifications of mathhboldrsd_e where d_e is the euclidean metric and sgeq 2
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710.0081
Skeleton expansions for directed polymers in disordered media
Partial summations of perturbation expansions of the directed polymer in disordered media (DPRM) enables one to represent the latter as skeleton expansions in powers of the effective coupling constant $\Delta (t)$, which corresponds to the binding state between two replicas in the replica field theory of DPRM, and is equivalent to the binding state of a quantum particle in an external $\delta $% -potential. The strong coupling phase is characterized by the exponential dependence of $\Delta (t)$ on $t$, $\Delta (t)\sim \exp (p_{c}t)$ with $% p_{c} $ being the binding energy of the particle. For dimensions $d>2$ the strong coupling phase exists for $\Delta_{0}>\Delta _{c}(d)$. We compute explicitly the mean-square displacement and the 2nd cumulant of the free energy to the lowest order in powers of effective coupling in $d=1$. We argue that the elimination of the terms $\exp (p_{c}t)$ in skeleton expansions demands an additional partial summation of skeleton series.
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.dis-nn
partial summations of perturbation expansions of the directed polymer in disordered media dprm enables one to represent the latter as skeleton expansions in powers of the effective coupling constant delta t which corresponds to the binding state between two replicas in the replica field theory of dprm and is equivalent to the binding state of a quantum particle in an external delta potential the strong coupling phase is characterized by the exponential dependence of delta t on t delta tsim exp p_ct with p_c being the binding energy of the particle for dimensions d2 the strong coupling phase exists for delta_0delta _cd we compute explicitly the meansquare displacement and the 2nd cumulant of the free energy to the lowest order in powers of effective coupling in d1 we argue that the elimination of the terms exp p_ct in skeleton expansions demands an additional partial summation of skeleton series
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710.0082
Permutative categories, multicategories, and algebraic K-theory
We show that the $K$-theory construction of arXiv:math/0403403, which preserves multiplicative structure, extends to a symmetric monoidal closed bicomplete source category, with the multiplicative structure still preserved. The source category of arXiv:math/0403403, whose objects are permutative categories, maps fully and faithfully to the new source category, whose objects are (based) multicategories.
math.KT math.AT
we show that the ktheory construction of arxivmath0403403 which preserves multiplicative structure extends to a symmetric monoidal closed bicomplete source category with the multiplicative structure still preserved the source category of arxivmath0403403 whose objects are permutative categories maps fully and faithfully to the new source category whose objects are based multicategories
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710.0083
Sorting and Selection with Random Costs
There is a growing body of work on sorting and selection in models other than the unit-cost comparison model. This work is the first treatment of a natural stochastic variant of the problem where the cost of comparing two elements is a random variable. Each cost is chosen independently and is known to the algorithm. In particular we consider the following three models: each cost is chosen uniformly in the range $[0,1]$, each cost is 0 with some probability $p$ and 1 otherwise, or each cost is 1 with probability $p$ and infinite otherwise. We present lower and upper bounds (optimal in most cases) for these problems. We obtain our upper bounds by carefully designing algorithms to ensure that the costs incurred at various stages are independent and using properties of random partial orders when appropriate.
cs.DS
there is a growing body of work on sorting and selection in models other than the unitcost comparison model this work is the first treatment of a natural stochastic variant of the problem where the cost of comparing two elements is a random variable each cost is chosen independently and is known to the algorithm in particular we consider the following three models each cost is chosen uniformly in the range 01 each cost is 0 with some probability p and 1 otherwise or each cost is 1 with probability p and infinite otherwise we present lower and upper bounds optimal in most cases for these problems we obtain our upper bounds by carefully designing algorithms to ensure that the costs incurred at various stages are independent and using properties of random partial orders when appropriate
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710.0084
Special relativity in complex vector algebra
Many different mathematical languages have been invented to describe the ideas of Einstein's special relativity. One of the most powerful languages is the Minkowski space-time algebra of D. Hestenes. We discuss the ideas of special relativity in a complex 4-dimensional algebra of observables, which is algebraically isomorphic to the even subalgebra of Hestenes' space-time algebra.
math-ph math.MP
many different mathematical languages have been invented to describe the ideas of einsteins special relativity one of the most powerful languages is the minkowski spacetime algebra of d hestenes we discuss the ideas of special relativity in a complex 4dimensional algebra of observables which is algebraically isomorphic to the even subalgebra of hestenes spacetime algebra
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710.0085
On inverse scattering at high energies for the multidimensional Newton equation in electromagnetic field
We consider the multidimensional (nonrelativistic) Newton equation in a static electromagnetic field $$\ddot x = F(x,\dot x), F(x,\dot x)=-\nabla V(x)+B(x)\dot x, \dot x={dx\over dt}, x\in C^2(\R,\R^n),\eqno{(*)}$$ where $V \in C^2(\R^n,\R),$ $B(x)$ is the $n\times n$ real antisymmetric matrix with elements $B_{i,k}(x)$, $B_{i,k}\in C^1(\R^n,\R)$ (and $B$ satisfies the closure condition), and $|\pa^{j_1}_xV(x)| +|\pa^{j_2}_xB_{i,k}(x)| \le \beta_{|j_1|} (1+|x|)^{-(\alpha+|j_1|)}$ for $x\in \R^n,$ $1\le|j_1|\le 2,$ $0\le|j_2|\le 1$, $|j_2|=|j_1|-1$, $i,k=1... n$ and some $\alpha > 1$. We give estimates and asymptotics for scattering solutions and scattering data for the equation $(*)$ for the case of small angle scattering. We show that at high energies the velocity valued component of the scattering operator uniquely determines the X-ray transforms $P\nabla V$ and $PB_{i,k}$ (on sufficiently rich sets of straight lines). Applying results on inversion of the X-ray transform $P$ we obtain that for $n\ge 2$ the velocity valued component of the scattering operator at high energies uniquely determines $(\nabla V,B)$. We also consider the problem of recovering $(\nabla V,B)$ from our high energies asymptotics found for the configuration valued component of the scattering operator. Results of the present work were obtained by developing the inverse scattering approach of [R. Novikov, 1999] for $(*)$ with $B\equiv 0$ and of [Jollivet, 2005] for the relativistic version of $(*)$. We emphasize that there is an interesting difference in asymptotics for scattering solutions and scattering data for $(*)$ on the one hand and for its relativistic version on the other.
math-ph math.MP
we consider the multidimensional nonrelativistic newton equation in a static electromagnetic field ddot x fxdot x fxdot xnabla vxbxdot x dot xdxover dt xin c2rrneqno where v in c2rnr bx is the ntimes n real antisymmetric matrix with elements b_ikx b_ikin c1rnr and b satisfies the closure condition and paj_1_xvx paj_2_xb_ikx le beta_j_1 1xalphaj_1 for xin rn 1lej_1le 2 0lej_2le 1 j_2j_11 ik1 n and some alpha 1 we give estimates and asymptotics for scattering solutions and scattering data for the equation for the case of small angle scattering we show that at high energies the velocity valued component of the scattering operator uniquely determines the xray transforms pnabla v and pb_ik on sufficiently rich sets of straight lines applying results on inversion of the xray transform p we obtain that for nge 2 the velocity valued component of the scattering operator at high energies uniquely determines nabla vb we also consider the problem of recovering nabla vb from our high energies asymptotics found for the configuration valued component of the scattering operator results of the present work were obtained by developing the inverse scattering approach of r novikov 1999 for with bequiv 0 and of jollivet 2005 for the relativistic version of we emphasize that there is an interesting difference in asymptotics for scattering solutions and scattering data for on the one hand and for its relativistic version on the other
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710.0086
An Optical Lattice Clock with Spin-polarized 87Sr Atoms
We present a new evaluation of an 87Sr optical lattice clock using spin polarized atoms. The frequency of the 1S0-3P0 clock transition is found to be 429 228 004 229 873.6 Hz with a fractional accuracy of 2.6 10^{-15}, a value that is comparable to the frequency difference between the various primary standards throughout the world. This measurement is in excellent agreement with a previous one of similar accuracy.
physics.atom-ph
we present a new evaluation of an 87sr optical lattice clock using spin polarized atoms the frequency of the 1s03p0 clock transition is found to be 429 228 004 229 8736 hz with a fractional accuracy of 26 1015 a value that is comparable to the frequency difference between the various primary standards throughout the world this measurement is in excellent agreement with a previous one of similar accuracy
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710.0087
Boson-assisted tunneling in layered metals
A theory for boson-assisted tunneling via randomly distributed resonant states in a layered metals is developed. As particular examples, we consider the electron-phonon interaction and the interaction between localized and conduction electrons. The theory is applied to explain a non-monotonic variation of the out-plane resistivity with temperature observed in quasi-two-dimensional metals.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.mes-hall
a theory for bosonassisted tunneling via randomly distributed resonant states in a layered metals is developed as particular examples we consider the electronphonon interaction and the interaction between localized and conduction electrons the theory is applied to explain a nonmonotonic variation of the outplane resistivity with temperature observed in quasitwodimensional metals
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710.0088
Lagrangian curves on spectral curves of monopoles
We study Lagrangian points on smooth holomorphic curves in T${\mathbb P}^1$ equipped with a natural neutral K\"ahler structure, and prove that they must form real curves. By virtue of the identification of T${\mathbb P}^1$ with the space ${\mathbb L}({\mathbb E}^3)$ of oriented affine lines in Euclidean 3-space ${\mathbb E}^3$, these Lagrangian curves give rise to ruled surfaces in ${\mathbb E}^3$, which we prove have zero Gauss curvature. Each ruled surface is shown to be the tangent lines to a curve in ${\mathbb E}^3$, called the edge of regression of the ruled surface. We give an alternative characterization of these curves as the points in ${\mathbb E}^3$ where the number of oriented lines in the complex curve $\Sigma$ that pass through the point is less than the degree of $\Sigma$. We then apply these results to the spectral curves of certain monopoles and construct the ruled surfaces and edges of regression generated by the Lagrangian curves.
math.DG hep-th
we study lagrangian points on smooth holomorphic curves in tmathbb p1 equipped with a natural neutral kahler structure and prove that they must form real curves by virtue of the identification of tmathbb p1 with the space mathbb lmathbb e3 of oriented affine lines in euclidean 3space mathbb e3 these lagrangian curves give rise to ruled surfaces in mathbb e3 which we prove have zero gauss curvature each ruled surface is shown to be the tangent lines to a curve in mathbb e3 called the edge of regression of the ruled surface we give an alternative characterization of these curves as the points in mathbb e3 where the number of oriented lines in the complex curve sigma that pass through the point is less than the degree of sigma we then apply these results to the spectral curves of certain monopoles and construct the ruled surfaces and edges of regression generated by the lagrangian curves
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710.0089
Blazar Observations with VERITAS
The Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) is an array of four 12m diameter Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Technique (IACT) telescopes operated at the base of Mt. Hopkins in southern Arizona. The four-telescope experiment started operation in April, 2007. GeV and TeV gamma-ray observations of blazars can be used to probe the structure and composition of their jets, and to contribute to our understanding of how supermassive black holes accrete matter. In this contribution, we present first VERITAS blazar results obtained with three and four telescopes.
astro-ph
the very energetic radiation imaging telescope array system veritas is an array of four 12m diameter imaging atmospheric cherenkov technique iact telescopes operated at the base of mt hopkins in southern arizona the fourtelescope experiment started operation in april 2007 gev and tev gammaray observations of blazars can be used to probe the structure and composition of their jets and to contribute to our understanding of how supermassive black holes accrete matter in this contribution we present first veritas blazar results obtained with three and four telescopes
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710.009
The Diverse Stellar Populations of the W3 Star Forming Complex
An 800 sq-arcmin mosaic image of the W3 star forming complex obtained with the Chandra X-ray Observatory gives a valuable new view of the spatial structure of its young stellar populations. The Chandra image reveals about 1300 faint X-ray sources, most of which are PMS stars in the cloud. Some, but not all, of the high-mass stars producing hypercompact and ultracompact H II (UCHII) regions are also seen, as reported in a previous study. The Chandra images reveal three dramatically different embedded stellar populations. The W3 Main cluster extends over 7 pc with about 900 X-ray stars in a nearly-spherical distribution centered on the well-studied UCHII regions and high-mass protostars. The cluster surrounding the prototypical UCHII region W3(OH) shows a much smaller (<0.6 pc), asymmetrical, and clumpy distribution of about 50 PMS stars. The massive star ionizing the W3 North H II region is completely isolated without any accompanying PMS stars. In W3 Main, the inferred ages of the widely distributed PMS stars are significantly older than the inferred ages of the central OB stars illuminating the UCHIIs. We suggest that different formation mechanisms are necessary to explain the diversity of the W3 stellar populations: cluster-wide gravitational collapse with delayed OB star formation in W3 Main, collect-and-collapse triggering by shock fronts in W3(OH), and a runaway O star or isolated massive star formation in W3 North.
astro-ph
an 800 sqarcmin mosaic image of the w3 star forming complex obtained with the chandra xray observatory gives a valuable new view of the spatial structure of its young stellar populations the chandra image reveals about 1300 faint xray sources most of which are pms stars in the cloud some but not all of the highmass stars producing hypercompact and ultracompact h ii uchii regions are also seen as reported in a previous study the chandra images reveal three dramatically different embedded stellar populations the w3 main cluster extends over 7 pc with about 900 xray stars in a nearlyspherical distribution centered on the wellstudied uchii regions and highmass protostars the cluster surrounding the prototypical uchii region w3oh shows a much smaller 06 pc asymmetrical and clumpy distribution of about 50 pms stars the massive star ionizing the w3 north h ii region is completely isolated without any accompanying pms stars in w3 main the inferred ages of the widely distributed pms stars are significantly older than the inferred ages of the central ob stars illuminating the uchiis we suggest that different formation mechanisms are necessary to explain the diversity of the w3 stellar populations clusterwide gravitational collapse with delayed ob star formation in w3 main collectandcollapse triggering by shock fronts in w3oh and a runaway o star or isolated massive star formation in w3 north
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710.0091
On rational blow-downs in Heegaard-Floer homology
Motivated by a result of L.P. Roberts on rational blow-downs in Heegaard-Floer homology, we study such operations along 3-manifolds that arise as branched double covers of $S^{3}$ along several non-alternating, slice knots.
math.GT
motivated by a result of lp roberts on rational blowdowns in heegaardfloer homology we study such operations along 3manifolds that arise as branched double covers of s3 along several nonalternating slice knots
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710.0092
Geometry of moving planes
The concept of number and its generalization has played a central role in the development of mathematics over many centuries and many civilizations. Noteworthy milestones in this long and arduous process were the developments of the real and complex numbers which have achieved universal acceptance. Serious attempts have been made at further extensions, such as Hamiltons quaternions, Grassmann's exterior algebra and Clifford's geometric algebra. By examining the geometry of moving planes, we show how new mathematics is within reach, if the will to learn these powerful methods can be found.
math-ph math.MP
the concept of number and its generalization has played a central role in the development of mathematics over many centuries and many civilizations noteworthy milestones in this long and arduous process were the developments of the real and complex numbers which have achieved universal acceptance serious attempts have been made at further extensions such as hamiltons quaternions grassmanns exterior algebra and cliffords geometric algebra by examining the geometry of moving planes we show how new mathematics is within reach if the will to learn these powerful methods can be found
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710.0093
Generalized Dolbeault sequences in parabolic geometry
In this paper, we show the existence of a sequence of invariant differential operators on a particular homogeneous model $G/P$ of a Cartan geometry. The first operator in this sequence can be locally identified with the Dirac operator in $k$ Clifford variables, $D=(D_1,..., D_k)$, where $D_i=\sum_j e_j\cdot \partial_{ij}: C^\infty((\R^n)^k,\S)\to C^\infty((\R^n)^k,\S)$. We describe the structure of these sequences in case the dimension $n$ is odd. It follows from the construction that all these operators are invariant with respect to the action of the group $G$. These results are obtained by constructing homomorphisms of generalized Verma modules, what are purely algebraic objects.
math.DG
in this paper we show the existence of a sequence of invariant differential operators on a particular homogeneous model gp of a cartan geometry the first operator in this sequence can be locally identified with the dirac operator in k clifford variables dd_1 d_k where d_isum_j e_jcdot partial_ij cinftyrnksto cinftyrnks we describe the structure of these sequences in case the dimension n is odd it follows from the construction that all these operators are invariant with respect to the action of the group g these results are obtained by constructing homomorphisms of generalized verma modules what are purely algebraic objects
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710.0094
The Destiny of Universes After the Big Trip
The big trip can be describe with the help of the Wheeler-DeWitt wave equation ${\hat H}\psi(w,a)=0$. The probability to find the universe after big trip in the state with $w=w_0$ will be maximal if $\partial\psi(w,a)/\partial w|_{w=w_0}=0$ for any values of the scale factor $a$. It is shown that this will be the case if and only if $w_0=-1/3$. This fact allows one to suggest that vast majority of universes in multiverse must be in this state after their big trips.
astro-ph
the big trip can be describe with the help of the wheelerdewitt wave equation hat hpsiwa0 the probability to find the universe after big trip in the state with ww_0 will be maximal if partialpsiwapartial w_ww_00 for any values of the scale factor a it is shown that this will be the case if and only if w_013 this fact allows one to suggest that vast majority of universes in multiverse must be in this state after their big trips
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710.0095
Quantum communication complexity of block-composed functions
A major open problem in communication complexity is whether or not quantum protocols can be exponentially more efficient than classical protocols on _total_ Boolean functions in the two-party interactive model. The answer appears to be ``No''. In 2002, Razborov proved this conjecture for so far the most general class of functions F(x, y) = f(x_1 * y_1, x_2 * y_2, ..., x_n * y_n), where f is a_symmetric_ Boolean function on n Boolean inputs, and x_i, y_i are the i'th bit of x and y, respectively. His elegant proof critically depends on the symmetry of f. We develop a lower-bound method that does not require symmetry and prove the conjecture for a broader class of functions. Each of those functions F(x, y) is obtained by what we call the ``block-composition'' of a ``building block'' g : {0, 1}^k by {0, 1}^k --> {0, 1}, with an f : {0, 1}^n -->{0, 1}, such that F(x, y) = f(g(x_1, y_1), g(x_2, y_2), ..., g(x_n, y_n)), where x_i and y_i are the i'th k-bit block of x and y, respectively. We show that as long as g itself is ``hard'' enough, its block-composition with an_arbitrary_ f has polynomially related quantum and classical communication complexities. Our approach gives an alternative proof for Razborov's result (albeit with a slightly weaker parameter), and establishes new quantum lower bounds. For example, when g is the Inner Product function for k=\Omega(\log n), the_deterministic_ communication complexity of its block-composition with_any_ f is asymptotically at most the quantum complexity to the power of 7.
quant-ph
a major open problem in communication complexity is whether or not quantum protocols can be exponentially more efficient than classical protocols on _total_ boolean functions in the twoparty interactive model the answer appears to be no in 2002 razborov proved this conjecture for so far the most general class of functions fx y fx_1 y_1 x_2 y_2 x_n y_n where f is a_symmetric_ boolean function on n boolean inputs and x_i y_i are the ith bit of x and y respectively his elegant proof critically depends on the symmetry of f we develop a lowerbound method that does not require symmetry and prove the conjecture for a broader class of functions each of those functions fx y is obtained by what we call the blockcomposition of a building block g 0 1k by 0 1k 0 1 with an f 0 1n 0 1 such that fx y fgx_1 y_1 gx_2 y_2 gx_n y_n where x_i and y_i are the ith kbit block of x and y respectively we show that as long as g itself is hard enough its blockcomposition with an_arbitrary_ f has polynomially related quantum and classical communication complexities our approach gives an alternative proof for razborovs result albeit with a slightly weaker parameter and establishes new quantum lower bounds for example when g is the inner product function for komegalog n the_deterministic_ communication complexity of its blockcomposition with_any_ f is asymptotically at most the quantum complexity to the power of 7
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710.0096
The opacity of grains in protoplanetary atmospheres
We have computed the size distribution of silicate grains in the outer radiative region of the envelope of a protoplanet evolving according to the scenario of Pollack et al. (1996). Our computation includes grain growth due to Brownian motion and overtake of smaller grains by larger ones. We also include the input of new grains due to the breakup of planetesimals in the atmosphere. We follow the procedure of Podolak (2003), but have speeded it up significantly. This allows us to test the sensitivity of the code to various parameters. We have also made a more careful estimate of the resulting grain opacity. We find that the grain opacity is of the order of $10^{-2}\ \mathrm{cm^2 g^{-1}}$ throughout most of the outer radiative zone as Hubickyj et al. (2005) assumed for their low opacity case, but near the outer edge of the envelope, the opacity can increase to $\sim{1} \mathrm{cm^2 g^{-1}}$. We discuss the effect of this on the evolution of the models.
astro-ph
we have computed the size distribution of silicate grains in the outer radiative region of the envelope of a protoplanet evolving according to the scenario of pollack et al 1996 our computation includes grain growth due to brownian motion and overtake of smaller grains by larger ones we also include the input of new grains due to the breakup of planetesimals in the atmosphere we follow the procedure of podolak 2003 but have speeded it up significantly this allows us to test the sensitivity of the code to various parameters we have also made a more careful estimate of the resulting grain opacity we find that the grain opacity is of the order of 102 mathrmcm2 g1 throughout most of the outer radiative zone as hubickyj et al 2005 assumed for their low opacity case but near the outer edge of the envelope the opacity can increase to sim1 mathrmcm2 g1 we discuss the effect of this on the evolution of the models
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710.0097
Pseudo-scalar meson form factors with maximally twisted Wilson fermions at Nf = 2
We present preliminary results for various electroweak form factors of pseudo-scalar mesons using the tree-level improved Symanzik gauge action and the maximally twisted mass fermionic action with Nf = 2 dynamical flavors. Our results, obtained for both light and heavy quark masses at a single lattice spacing (a ~ 0.09 fm) and at a single lattice volume (V * T = 24**3 * 48), exhibit a quite remarkable statistical precision thanks to the use of all-to-all quark propagators computed with a stochastic method. Moreover very low values of the four-momentum transfer are achieved by making use of twisted boundary conditions on the valence quark fields. The mass dependence of the pion charge radius is analyzed using Chiral Perturbation Theory, obtaining clear evidence of relevant two-loop contributions. The universal Isgur-Wise function is computed from heavy-to-heavy electromagnetic transitions and its slope in the case of $u(d)$ spectator quarks is found to be rho(IW)**2 = 0.77 +/- 0.28, where the error is statistical only.
hep-lat hep-ph
we present preliminary results for various electroweak form factors of pseudoscalar mesons using the treelevel improved symanzik gauge action and the maximally twisted mass fermionic action with nf 2 dynamical flavors our results obtained for both light and heavy quark masses at a single lattice spacing a 009 fm and at a single lattice volume v t 243 48 exhibit a quite remarkable statistical precision thanks to the use of alltoall quark propagators computed with a stochastic method moreover very low values of the fourmomentum transfer are achieved by making use of twisted boundary conditions on the valence quark fields the mass dependence of the pion charge radius is analyzed using chiral perturbation theory obtaining clear evidence of relevant twoloop contributions the universal isgurwise function is computed from heavytoheavy electromagnetic transitions and its slope in the case of ud spectator quarks is found to be rhoiw2 077 028 where the error is statistical only
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710.0098
A survey of large N continuum phase transitions
The main focus of this talk is the physics of large N QCD on a continuum torus. A cascade of phase transitions associated with the breaking of U(1) symmetries will be discussed. The continuum Wilson loop as a function of its area will be discussed along with its universality properties and the associated double scaling limit. Some recent progress in twisted Eguchi-Kawai is presented. Gauge field topology and $\theta$ vacuua are also discussed in the context of large N gauge theories. Phase transitions in 2D large N principal chiral models are compared with similar transitions in large $N$ gauge theories. Finally, connections to some topics in string theory and gravity are briefly described.
hep-lat hep-th
the main focus of this talk is the physics of large n qcd on a continuum torus a cascade of phase transitions associated with the breaking of u1 symmetries will be discussed the continuum wilson loop as a function of its area will be discussed along with its universality properties and the associated double scaling limit some recent progress in twisted eguchikawai is presented gauge field topology and theta vacuua are also discussed in the context of large n gauge theories phase transitions in 2d large n principal chiral models are compared with similar transitions in large n gauge theories finally connections to some topics in string theory and gravity are briefly described
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710.0099
Elastic-like Collision of Gap Solitons in Bragg Gap Regions within Nonlocal Nonlinear Photonic Crystals
We analyze the existence, stability, and mobility of gap solitons in a periodic photonic structure with nonlocal nonlinearity. Within the Bragg region of band gaps, gap solitons exhibit better stability and higher mobility due to the combinations of non-locality effect and the oscillation nature of Bloch waves. Using linear stability analysis and calculating the Peierls-Nabarro potentials, we demonstrate that gap solitons can revive a non-trivial elastic-like collision even in the periodic systems with the help of nonlocal nonlinearity. Such interesting behaviors of gap solitons in nonlocal nonlinear photonic crystals are believed to be useful in optical switching devices.
physics.optics
we analyze the existence stability and mobility of gap solitons in a periodic photonic structure with nonlocal nonlinearity within the bragg region of band gaps gap solitons exhibit better stability and higher mobility due to the combinations of nonlocality effect and the oscillation nature of bloch waves using linear stability analysis and calculating the peierlsnabarro potentials we demonstrate that gap solitons can revive a nontrivial elasticlike collision even in the periodic systems with the help of nonlocal nonlinearity such interesting behaviors of gap solitons in nonlocal nonlinear photonic crystals are believed to be useful in optical switching devices
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710.01
Design Considerations for the Next Generation of Atmospheric Imaging Cherenkov Telescopes
We estimate the limiting angular resolution and detection area for an array of 3 large-aperture Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes. We consider an idealized IACT system in order to understand the limitations imposed by the intrinsic nature of the atmospheric showers and geometry of the detector configuration. The idealization includes the assumptions of a perfect optical system and the absence of the night sky background with the goal of finding the optimum camera geometry and array configuration independent of detailed assumptions about the telescope design. The showers are simulated using the ALTAI code for the altitude of 2700 m corresponding to one of possible future sites for a new northern-hemisphere array. The optimal design depends on the target energy range; for each energy we vary both the cell length (telescope spacing) and the image processing parameters in order to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio. We then present the resulting values of the detection area and the angular resolution for this energy dependent optimization. We discuss the dependence of these quantities on the field of view of the telescopes and pixel size of the camera.
astro-ph
we estimate the limiting angular resolution and detection area for an array of 3 largeaperture imaging atmospheric cherenkov telescopes we consider an idealized iact system in order to understand the limitations imposed by the intrinsic nature of the atmospheric showers and geometry of the detector configuration the idealization includes the assumptions of a perfect optical system and the absence of the night sky background with the goal of finding the optimum camera geometry and array configuration independent of detailed assumptions about the telescope design the showers are simulated using the altai code for the altitude of 2700 m corresponding to one of possible future sites for a new northernhemisphere array the optimal design depends on the target energy range for each energy we vary both the cell length telescope spacing and the image processing parameters in order to maximize the signaltonoise ratio we then present the resulting values of the detection area and the angular resolution for this energy dependent optimization we discuss the dependence of these quantities on the field of view of the telescopes and pixel size of the camera
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710.0101
Counting Nodal Lines Which Touch the Boundary of an Analytic Domain
We consider the zeros on the boundary $\partial \Omega$ of a Neumann eigenfunction $\phi_{\lambda}$ of a real analytic plane domain $\Omega$. We prove that the number of its boundary zeros is $O (\lambda)$ where $-\Delta \phi_{\lambda} = \lambda^2 \phi_{\lambda}$. We also prove that the number of boundary critical points of either a Neumann or Dirichlet eigenfunction is $O(\lambda)$. It follows that the number of nodal lines of $\phi_{\lambda}$ (components of the nodal set) which touch the boundary is of order $\lambda$. This upper bound is of the same order of magnitude as the length of the total nodal line, but is the square root of the Courant bound on the number of nodal components in the interior. More generally, the results are proved for piecewise analytic domains.
math.SP math.AP
we consider the zeros on the boundary partial omega of a neumann eigenfunction phi_lambda of a real analytic plane domain omega we prove that the number of its boundary zeros is o lambda where delta phi_lambda lambda2 phi_lambda we also prove that the number of boundary critical points of either a neumann or dirichlet eigenfunction is olambda it follows that the number of nodal lines of phi_lambda components of the nodal set which touch the boundary is of order lambda this upper bound is of the same order of magnitude as the length of the total nodal line but is the square root of the courant bound on the number of nodal components in the interior more generally the results are proved for piecewise analytic domains
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710.0102
Representing Dehn twists with branched coverings
We show that any homologically non-trivial Dehn twist of a compact surface F with boundary is the lifting of a half-twist in the braid group B_n, with respect to a suitable branched covering p : F -> B^2. In particular, we allow the surface to have disconnected boundary. As a consequence, any allowable Lefschetz fibration on B^2 is a branched covering of B^2 x B^2.
math.GT
we show that any homologically nontrivial dehn twist of a compact surface f with boundary is the lifting of a halftwist in the braid group b_n with respect to a suitable branched covering p f b2 in particular we allow the surface to have disconnected boundary as a consequence any allowable lefschetz fibration on b2 is a branched covering of b2 x b2
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710.0103
Transport Control of Eyring-Fluids along a Transversely-Corrugated Nanoannulus
The volume flow rates of Eyring-fluids inside the wavy-rough nanoannulus were obtained analytically (up to the second order) by using the verified model and boundary perturbation method. Our results show that the wavy-roughness could enhance the flow rate especially for smaller forcing due to the larger surface-to-volume ratio and slip-velocity effect. Meanwhile, the phase shift between the outer and inner walls of nanoannuli could tune the transport of Eyring-fluids either forward or backward when the wavy-roughness of a nanoannulus is larger enough. Our results could be applied to the flow control in nanofluidics as well as biofluidics.
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.other
the volume flow rates of eyringfluids inside the wavyrough nanoannulus were obtained analytically up to the second order by using the verified model and boundary perturbation method our results show that the wavyroughness could enhance the flow rate especially for smaller forcing due to the larger surfacetovolume ratio and slipvelocity effect meanwhile the phase shift between the outer and inner walls of nanoannuli could tune the transport of eyringfluids either forward or backward when the wavyroughness of a nanoannulus is larger enough our results could be applied to the flow control in nanofluidics as well as biofluidics
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710.0104
Regular reflection in self-similar potential flow and the sonic criterion
Reflection of a shock from a solid wedge is a classical problem in gas dynamics. Depending on the parameters either a regular or a irregular (Mach-type) reflection results. We construct regular reflection as an exact self-similar solution for potential flow. For some upstream Mach numbers and isentropic coefficients, a solution exists for all wedge angles allowed by the sonic criterion. This demonstrates that, at least for potential flow, weaker criteria are false.
math-ph math.MP
reflection of a shock from a solid wedge is a classical problem in gas dynamics depending on the parameters either a regular or a irregular machtype reflection results we construct regular reflection as an exact selfsimilar solution for potential flow for some upstream mach numbers and isentropic coefficients a solution exists for all wedge angles allowed by the sonic criterion this demonstrates that at least for potential flow weaker criteria are false
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710.0105
Zipf's Law and Avoidance of Excessive Synonymy
Zipf's law states that if words of language are ranked in the order of decreasing frequency in texts, the frequency of a word is inversely proportional to its rank. It is very robust as an experimental observation, but to date it escaped satisfactory theoretical explanation. We suggest that Zipf's law may arise from the evolution of word semantics dominated by expansion of meanings and competition of synonyms.
cs.CL physics.soc-ph
zipfs law states that if words of language are ranked in the order of decreasing frequency in texts the frequency of a word is inversely proportional to its rank it is very robust as an experimental observation but to date it escaped satisfactory theoretical explanation we suggest that zipfs law may arise from the evolution of word semantics dominated by expansion of meanings and competition of synonyms
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710.0106
Fuzzy almost quadratic functions
We approximate a fuzzy almost quadratic function by a quadratic function in a fuzzy sense. More precisely, we establish a fuzzy Hyers--Ulam--Rassias stability of the quadratic functional equation $f(x+y)+f(x-y)=2f(x)+2f(y)$. Our result can be regarded as a generalization of the stability phenomenon in the framework of normed spaces. We also prove a generalized version of fuzzy stability of the Pexiderized quadratic functional equation $f(x+y)+f(x-y)=2g(x)+2h(y)$.
math.FA
we approximate a fuzzy almost quadratic function by a quadratic function in a fuzzy sense more precisely we establish a fuzzy hyersulamrassias stability of the quadratic functional equation fxyfxy2fx2fy our result can be regarded as a generalization of the stability phenomenon in the framework of normed spaces we also prove a generalized version of fuzzy stability of the pexiderized quadratic functional equation fxyfxy2gx2hy
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710.0107
A Mazur--Ulam theorem in non-Archimedean normed spaces
The classical Mazur--Ulam theorem which states that every surjective isometry between real normed spaces is affine is not valid for non-Archimedean normed spaces. In this paper, we establish a Mazur--Ulam theorem in the non-Archimedean strictly convex normed spaces.
math.FA math.CA
the classical mazurulam theorem which states that every surjective isometry between real normed spaces is affine is not valid for nonarchimedean normed spaces in this paper we establish a mazurulam theorem in the nonarchimedean strictly convex normed spaces
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710.0108
Symmetry based Structure Entropy of Complex Networks
Precisely quantifying the heterogeneity or disorder of a network system is very important and desired in studies of behavior and function of the network system. Although many degree-based entropies have been proposed to measure the heterogeneity of real networks, heterogeneity implicated in the structure of networks can not be precisely quantified yet. Hence, we propose a new structure entropy based on automorphism partition to precisely quantify the structural heterogeneity of networks. Analysis of extreme cases shows that entropy based on automorphism partition can quantify the structural heterogeneity of networks more precisely than degree-based entropy. We also summarized symmetry and heterogeneity statistics of many real networks, finding that real networks are indeed more heterogenous in the view of automorphism partition than what have been depicted under the measurement of degree based entropies; and that structural heterogeneity is strongly negatively correlated to symmetry of real networks.
physics.soc-ph
precisely quantifying the heterogeneity or disorder of a network system is very important and desired in studies of behavior and function of the network system although many degreebased entropies have been proposed to measure the heterogeneity of real networks heterogeneity implicated in the structure of networks can not be precisely quantified yet hence we propose a new structure entropy based on automorphism partition to precisely quantify the structural heterogeneity of networks analysis of extreme cases shows that entropy based on automorphism partition can quantify the structural heterogeneity of networks more precisely than degreebased entropy we also summarized symmetry and heterogeneity statistics of many real networks finding that real networks are indeed more heterogenous in the view of automorphism partition than what have been depicted under the measurement of degree based entropies and that structural heterogeneity is strongly negatively correlated to symmetry of real networks
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710.0109
Simultaneous cooling of an artificial atom and its neighboring quantum system
We propose an approach for cooling both an artificial atom (e.g., a flux qubit) and its neighboring quantum system, the latter modeled by either a quantum two-level system or a quantum resonator. The flux qubit is cooled by manipulating its states, following an inverse process of state population inversion, and then the qubit is switched on to resonantly interact with the neighboring quantum system. By repeating these steps, the two subsystems can be simultaneously cooled. Our results show that this cooling is robust and effective, irrespective of the chosen quantum systems connected to the qubit.
cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.mes-hall quant-ph
we propose an approach for cooling both an artificial atom eg a flux qubit and its neighboring quantum system the latter modeled by either a quantum twolevel system or a quantum resonator the flux qubit is cooled by manipulating its states following an inverse process of state population inversion and then the qubit is switched on to resonantly interact with the neighboring quantum system by repeating these steps the two subsystems can be simultaneously cooled our results show that this cooling is robust and effective irrespective of the chosen quantum systems connected to the qubit
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710.011
Storage of spin squeezing in a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate
Efficient control of spin squeezing in a two-component Bose-Einstein Condensate is studied by rapidly turning-off the external field at a time that maximal spin squeezing appears. We show that strong reduction of spin fluctuation can be maintained in a nearly fixed direction for a long time. We explain the underlying physics unambiguously, and present analytical expressions of the maximal-squeezing time.
quant-ph cond-mat.other
efficient control of spin squeezing in a twocomponent boseeinstein condensate is studied by rapidly turningoff the external field at a time that maximal spin squeezing appears we show that strong reduction of spin fluctuation can be maintained in a nearly fixed direction for a long time we explain the underlying physics unambiguously and present analytical expressions of the maximalsqueezing time
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710.0111
Enhancement of flux pinning and high critical current density in graphite doped MgB2 superconductor
We report the synthesis and characterization of graphite (C) doped MgB2-xCx (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) samples. The crystal structure and microstructural characterization have been investigated by x-ray diffractometer and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis. The superconducting properties especially Jc and Hc2 have been measured by employing physical property measurement system. We found that the graphite doping affects the lattice parameters as well as the microstructure of MgB2 superconductor. In case of optimally doped (x=0.1) sample, the critical current density at 5K corresponds to 1.1 x 10^6 and 5.3 x 10^4 A/cm^2 for 3T and 5T fields respectively. The upper critical field has been enhanced nearly two times after doping. The flux pinning behavior has been investigated by flux pinning force density curve and it reveals that the flux pinning behaviour has improved significantly by doping. TEM micrographs show the graphite nanoparticles of size ~5-10 nm which are invariably present in MgB2 grains. These nanoparticles act as flux pinning centre and are responsible for enhancement of superconducting properties of MgB2.
cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.str-el
we report the synthesis and characterization of graphite c doped mgb2xcx x 00 01 02 and 03 samples the crystal structure and microstructural characterization have been investigated by xray diffractometer and transmission electron microscopic tem analysis the superconducting properties especially jc and hc2 have been measured by employing physical property measurement system we found that the graphite doping affects the lattice parameters as well as the microstructure of mgb2 superconductor in case of optimally doped x01 sample the critical current density at 5k corresponds to 11 x 106 and 53 x 104 acm2 for 3t and 5t fields respectively the upper critical field has been enhanced nearly two times after doping the flux pinning behavior has been investigated by flux pinning force density curve and it reveals that the flux pinning behaviour has improved significantly by doping tem micrographs show the graphite nanoparticles of size 510 nm which are invariably present in mgb2 grains these nanoparticles act as flux pinning centre and are responsible for enhancement of superconducting properties of mgb2
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710.0112
Improvement of conversion efficiency of atom-molecule Bose-Einstein condensate
We investigate the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage in two-color photoassociation for a atom-molecule Bose-Einstein condensate. By applying two time-varying Guassian laser pulses that fulfill generalized two-photon resonance condition, we obtain highly efficient atom-molecule conversion. The efficiency depends on the free-bound detuning and the delay time between the two pulses. By adjusting the parameters optimally, we achieve 92% conversion efficiency.
quant-ph
we investigate the stimulated raman adiabatic passage in twocolor photoassociation for a atommolecule boseeinstein condensate by applying two timevarying guassian laser pulses that fulfill generalized twophoton resonance condition we obtain highly efficient atommolecule conversion the efficiency depends on the freebound detuning and the delay time between the two pulses by adjusting the parameters optimally we achieve 92 conversion efficiency
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710.0113
Stability of nodal quasi-particles in superconductors with coexisting orders
We establish a condition for the perturbative stability of zero energy nodal points in the quasi-particle spectrum of superconductors in the presence of coexisting \textit{commensurate} orders. The nodes are found to be stable if the Hamiltonian is invariant under time reversal followed by a lattice translation. The principle is demonstrated with a few examples. Some experimental implications of various types of assumed order are discussed in the context of the cuprate superconductors.
cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.str-el
we establish a condition for the perturbative stability of zero energy nodal points in the quasiparticle spectrum of superconductors in the presence of coexisting textitcommensurate orders the nodes are found to be stable if the hamiltonian is invariant under time reversal followed by a lattice translation the principle is demonstrated with a few examples some experimental implications of various types of assumed order are discussed in the context of the cuprate superconductors
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710.0114
Reinforcement learning in market games
Financial markets investors are involved in many games -- they must interact with other agents to achieve their goals. Among them are those directly connected with their activity on markets but one cannot neglect other aspects that influence human decisions and their performance as investors. Distinguishing all subgames is usually beyond hope and resource consuming. In this paper we study how investors facing many different games, gather information and form their decision despite being unaware of the complete structure of the game. To this end we apply reinforcement learning methods to the Information Theory Model of Markets (ITMM). Following Mengel, we can try to distinguish a class $\Gamma$ of games and possible actions (strategies) $a^{i}_{m_{i}}$ for $i-$th agent. Any agent divides the whole class of games into analogy subclasses she/he thinks are analogous and therefore adopts the same strategy for a given subclass. The criteria for partitioning are based on profit and costs analysis. The analogy classes and strategies are updated at various stages through the process of learning. This line of research can be continued in various directions.
q-fin.TR physics.data-an physics.soc-ph
financial markets investors are involved in many games they must interact with other agents to achieve their goals among them are those directly connected with their activity on markets but one cannot neglect other aspects that influence human decisions and their performance as investors distinguishing all subgames is usually beyond hope and resource consuming in this paper we study how investors facing many different games gather information and form their decision despite being unaware of the complete structure of the game to this end we apply reinforcement learning methods to the information theory model of markets itmm following mengel we can try to distinguish a class gamma of games and possible actions strategies ai_m_i for ith agent any agent divides the whole class of games into analogy subclasses shehe thinks are analogous and therefore adopts the same strategy for a given subclass the criteria for partitioning are based on profit and costs analysis the analogy classes and strategies are updated at various stages through the process of learning this line of research can be continued in various directions
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710.0115
Null Energy Condition and Dark Energy Models
Null Energy Condition (NEC) requires the equation of state (EoS) of the universe $w_u$ satisfy $w_u\geq-1$, which implies, for instance in a universe with matter and dark energy dominating $w_u=w_m\Omega_m+w_{de}\Omega_{de}=w_{de}\Omega_{de}\geq-1$. In this paper we study constraints on the dark energy models from the requirement of the NEC. We will show that with $\Omega_{de}\sim0.7$, $w_{de}<-1$ at present epoch is possible. However, NEC excludes the possibility of $w_{de}<-1$ forever as happened in the Phantom model, but if $w_{de}<-1$ stays for a short period of time as predicted in the Quintom theory NEC can be satisfied. We take three examples of Quintom models of dark energy, namely the phenomenological EoS, the two-scalar-field model and the single scalar model with a modified Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) lagrangian to show how this happens.
gr-qc astro-ph hep-ph hep-th
null energy condition nec requires the equation of state eos of the universe w_u satisfy w_ugeq1 which implies for instance in a universe with matter and dark energy dominating w_uw_momega_mw_deomega_dew_deomega_degeq1 in this paper we study constraints on the dark energy models from the requirement of the nec we will show that with omega_desim07 w_de1 at present epoch is possible however nec excludes the possibility of w_de1 forever as happened in the phantom model but if w_de1 stays for a short period of time as predicted in the quintom theory nec can be satisfied we take three examples of quintom models of dark energy namely the phenomenological eos the twoscalarfield model and the single scalar model with a modified diracborninfeld dbi lagrangian to show how this happens
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710.0116
Distributed MIMO receiver - Achievable rates and upper bounds
In this paper we investigate the achievable rate of a system that includes a nomadic transmitter with several antennas, which is received by multiple agents, exhibiting independent channel gains and additive circular-symmetric complex Gaussian noise. In the nomadic regime, we assume that the agents do not have any decoding ability. These agents process their channel observations and forward them to the final destination through lossless links with a fixed capacity. We propose new achievable rates based on elementary compression and also on a Wyner-Ziv (CEO-like) processing, for both fast fading and block fading channels, as well as for general discrete channels. The simpler two agents scheme is solved, up to an implicit equation with a single variable. Limiting the nomadic transmitter to a circular-symmetric complex Gaussian signalling, new upper bounds are derived for both fast and block fading, based on the vector version of the entropy power inequality. These bounds are then compared to the achievable rates in several extreme scenarios. The asymptotic setting with numbers of agents and transmitter's antennas taken to infinity is analyzed. In addition, the upper bounds are analytically shown to be tight in several examples, while numerical calculations reveal a rather small gap in a finite $2\times2$ setting. The advantage of the Wyner-Ziv approach over elementary compression is shown where only the former can achieve the full diversity-multiplexing tradeoff. We also consider the non-nomadic setting, with agents that can decode. Here we give an achievable rate, over fast fading channel, which combines broadcast with dirty paper coding and the decentralized reception, which was introduced for the nomadic setting.
cs.IT math.IT
in this paper we investigate the achievable rate of a system that includes a nomadic transmitter with several antennas which is received by multiple agents exhibiting independent channel gains and additive circularsymmetric complex gaussian noise in the nomadic regime we assume that the agents do not have any decoding ability these agents process their channel observations and forward them to the final destination through lossless links with a fixed capacity we propose new achievable rates based on elementary compression and also on a wynerziv ceolike processing for both fast fading and block fading channels as well as for general discrete channels the simpler two agents scheme is solved up to an implicit equation with a single variable limiting the nomadic transmitter to a circularsymmetric complex gaussian signalling new upper bounds are derived for both fast and block fading based on the vector version of the entropy power inequality these bounds are then compared to the achievable rates in several extreme scenarios the asymptotic setting with numbers of agents and transmitters antennas taken to infinity is analyzed in addition the upper bounds are analytically shown to be tight in several examples while numerical calculations reveal a rather small gap in a finite 2times2 setting the advantage of the wynerziv approach over elementary compression is shown where only the former can achieve the full diversitymultiplexing tradeoff we also consider the nonnomadic setting with agents that can decode here we give an achievable rate over fast fading channel which combines broadcast with dirty paper coding and the decentralized reception which was introduced for the nomadic setting
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710.0117
The clustering coefficient and community structure of bipartite networks
Many real-world networks display a natural bipartite structure. It is necessary and important to study the bipartite networks by using the bipartite structure of the data. Here we propose a modification of the clustering coefficient given by the fraction of cycles with size four in bipartite networks. Then we compare the two definitions in a special graph, and the results show that the modification one is better to character the network. Next we define a edge-clustering coefficient of bipartite networks to detect the community structure in original bipartite networks.
physics.soc-ph
many realworld networks display a natural bipartite structure it is necessary and important to study the bipartite networks by using the bipartite structure of the data here we propose a modification of the clustering coefficient given by the fraction of cycles with size four in bipartite networks then we compare the two definitions in a special graph and the results show that the modification one is better to character the network next we define a edgeclustering coefficient of bipartite networks to detect the community structure in original bipartite networks
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710.0118
Pion and kaon production in central Pb+Pb collisions at 20A and 30A GeV: Evidence for the onset of deconfinement
Results on charged pion and kaon production in central Pb+Pb collisions at 20A and 30A GeV are presented and compared to data at lower and higher energies. A rapid change of the energy dependence is observed around 30A GeV for the yields of pions and kaons as well as for the shape of the transverse mass spectra. The change is compatible with the prediction that the threshold for production of a state of deconfined matter at the early stage of the collisions is located at low SPS energies.
nucl-ex
results on charged pion and kaon production in central pbpb collisions at 20a and 30a gev are presented and compared to data at lower and higher energies a rapid change of the energy dependence is observed around 30a gev for the yields of pions and kaons as well as for the shape of the transverse mass spectra the change is compatible with the prediction that the threshold for production of a state of deconfined matter at the early stage of the collisions is located at low sps energies
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710.0119
Precise measurements of electron and hole g-factors of single quantum dots by using nuclear field
We demonstrated the cancellation of the external magnetic field by the nuclear field at one edge of the nuclear polarization bistability in single InAlAs quantum dots. The cancellation for the electron Zeeman splitting gives the precise value of the hole g-factor. By combining with the exciton g-factor that is obtained from the Zeeman splitting for linearly polarized excitation, the magnitude and sign of the electron and hole g-factors in the growth direction are evaluated.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.other
we demonstrated the cancellation of the external magnetic field by the nuclear field at one edge of the nuclear polarization bistability in single inalas quantum dots the cancellation for the electron zeeman splitting gives the precise value of the hole gfactor by combining with the exciton gfactor that is obtained from the zeeman splitting for linearly polarized excitation the magnitude and sign of the electron and hole gfactors in the growth direction are evaluated
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710.012
Magnetic Strings in Einstein-Born-Infeld-Dilaton Gravity
A class of spinning magnetic string in 4-dimensional Einstein-dilaton gravity with Liouville type potential which produces a longitudinal nonlinear electromagnetic field is presented. These solutions have no curvature singularity and no horizon, but have a conic geometry. In these spacetimes, when the rotation parameter does not vanish, there exists an electric field, and therefore the spinning string has a net electric charge which is proportional to the rotation parameter. Although the asymptotic behavior of these solutions are neither flat nor (A)dS, we calculate the conserved quantities of these solutions by using the counterterm method. We also generalize these four-dimensional solutions to the case of $(n+1)$-dimensional rotating solutions with $k\leq[n/2]$ rotation parameters, and calculate the conserved quantities and electric charge of them.
hep-th
a class of spinning magnetic string in 4dimensional einsteindilaton gravity with liouville type potential which produces a longitudinal nonlinear electromagnetic field is presented these solutions have no curvature singularity and no horizon but have a conic geometry in these spacetimes when the rotation parameter does not vanish there exists an electric field and therefore the spinning string has a net electric charge which is proportional to the rotation parameter although the asymptotic behavior of these solutions are neither flat nor ads we calculate the conserved quantities of these solutions by using the counterterm method we also generalize these fourdimensional solutions to the case of n1dimensional rotating solutions with kleqn2 rotation parameters and calculate the conserved quantities and electric charge of them
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710.0121
On Isomorphism Classes and Invariants of Low Dimensional Complex Filiform Leibniz Algebras (PART 1)
The paper aims to investigate the classification problem of low dimensional complex none Lie filiform Leibniz algebras. There are two sources to get classification of filiform Leibniz algebras. The first of them is the naturally graded none Lie filiform Leibniz algebras and the another one is the naturally graded filiform Lie algebras. Here we do consider Leibniz algebras appearing from the naturally graded none Lie filiform Leibniz algebras. This class can be splited into two subclasses. However, isomorphisms within each class there were not investigated. Before U.D.Bekbaev and I.S.Rakhimov suggested an approach to the isomorphism problem in terms of invariants. This paper presents an implementation of their result in low dimensional cases. Here we give the complete classification of complex none Lie filiform Leibniz algebras in dimensions at most 8 from the first class of the above mentioned result and give a hypothetic formula for the number of isomorphism classes in finite dimensional case.
math.RA math.AG
the paper aims to investigate the classification problem of low dimensional complex none lie filiform leibniz algebras there are two sources to get classification of filiform leibniz algebras the first of them is the naturally graded none lie filiform leibniz algebras and the another one is the naturally graded filiform lie algebras here we do consider leibniz algebras appearing from the naturally graded none lie filiform leibniz algebras this class can be splited into two subclasses however isomorphisms within each class there were not investigated before udbekbaev and israkhimov suggested an approach to the isomorphism problem in terms of invariants this paper presents an implementation of their result in low dimensional cases here we give the complete classification of complex none lie filiform leibniz algebras in dimensions at most 8 from the first class of the above mentioned result and give a hypothetic formula for the number of isomorphism classes in finite dimensional case
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710.0122
A canonical bundle formular of projective Lagrangian fibrations
We classify singular fibres of a projective Lagrangian fibration over codimension one points. As an application, we obtain a canonical bundle formula for a projective Lagrangian fibration over a smooth manifold.
math.AG
we classify singular fibres of a projective lagrangian fibration over codimension one points as an application we obtain a canonical bundle formula for a projective lagrangian fibration over a smooth manifold
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710.0123
Bottom Baryons
Recently CDF and D0 collaborations observed several bottom baryons. In this work we perform a systematic study of the masses of bottom baryons up to $1/m_Q$ in the framework of heavy quark effective field theory (HQET) using the QCD sum rule approach. The extracted chromo-magnetic splitting between the bottom baryon heavy doublet agrees well with the experimental data.
hep-ph hep-ex nucl-ex nucl-th
recently cdf and d0 collaborations observed several bottom baryons in this work we perform a systematic study of the masses of bottom baryons up to 1m_q in the framework of heavy quark effective field theory hqet using the qcd sum rule approach the extracted chromomagnetic splitting between the bottom baryon heavy doublet agrees well with the experimental data
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710.0124
Modeling Lepton-Nucleon Inelastic Scattering from High to Low Momentum Transfer
We present a model for inclusive charged lepton-nucleon and (anti)neutrino-nucleon cross sections at momentum transfer squared, $Q^2$, $\sim1 {\rm GeV}^2$. We quantify the impact of existing low-Q charged-lepton deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) data on effects due to high-twist operators and on the extraction of parton distribution functions (PDFs). No evidence is found for twist-6 contributions to structure functions (SF), and for a twist-4 term in the logitudinal SF at $x\gtrsim0.1$. We find that DIS data are consistent with the NNLO QCD approximation with the target mass and phenomenological high twist corrections. For $Q^2<1 {\rm GeV}^2$, we extend extrapolation of the operator product expansion, preserving the low-$Q$ current-conservation theorems. The procedure yields a good description of data down to $Q^2\sim 0.5 {\rm GeV}^2$. An updated set of PDFs with reduced uncertainty and applicable down to small momentum transfers in the lepton-nucleon scattering is obtained.
hep-ph
we present a model for inclusive charged leptonnucleon and antineutrinonucleon cross sections at momentum transfer squared q2 sim1 rm gev2 we quantify the impact of existing lowq chargedlepton deepinelastic scattering dis data on effects due to hightwist operators and on the extraction of parton distribution functions pdfs no evidence is found for twist6 contributions to structure functions sf and for a twist4 term in the logitudinal sf at xgtrsim01 we find that dis data are consistent with the nnlo qcd approximation with the target mass and phenomenological high twist corrections for q21 rm gev2 we extend extrapolation of the operator product expansion preserving the lowq currentconservation theorems the procedure yields a good description of data down to q2sim 05 rm gev2 an updated set of pdfs with reduced uncertainty and applicable down to small momentum transfers in the leptonnucleon scattering is obtained
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710.0125
On regular configurations and disjoint cycles in shift graphs
Configurations are necklaces with prescribed numbers of red and black beads. Among all possible configurations, the regular one plays an important role in many applications. In this paper, several aspects of regular configurations are discussed, including construction, uniqueness, symmetry group and the link with balanced words. Another model of configurations is the polygons formed by a given number of sides of two different lengths. In this context, regular configurations are used to obtain a lower bound for the cycles packing number of shift graphs, a subclass of the directed circulant graphs.
math.CO
configurations are necklaces with prescribed numbers of red and black beads among all possible configurations the regular one plays an important role in many applications in this paper several aspects of regular configurations are discussed including construction uniqueness symmetry group and the link with balanced words another model of configurations is the polygons formed by a given number of sides of two different lengths in this context regular configurations are used to obtain a lower bound for the cycles packing number of shift graphs a subclass of the directed circulant graphs
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710.0126
Reduced Weyl asymptotics for pseudodifferential operators on bounded domains II. The compact group case
Let $G\subset \O(n)$ be a compact group of isometries acting on $n$-dimensional Euclidean space $\R^n$, and ${\bf{X}}$ a bounded domain in $\R^n$ which is transformed into itself under the action of $G$. Consider a symmetric, classical pseudodifferential operator $A_0$ in $\L^2(\R^n)$ that commutes with the regular representation of $G$, and assume that it is elliptic on $\bf{X}$. We show that the spectrum of the Friedrichs extension $A$ of the operator $\mathrm{res} \circ A_0 \circ \mathrm{ext}: \CT({\bf{X}}) \to \L^2({\bf{X}})$ is discrete, and using the method of the stationary phase, we derive asymptotics for the number $N_\chi(\lambda)$ of eigenvalues of $A$ equal or less than $\lambda$ and with eigenfunctions in the $\chi$-isotypic component of $\L^2({\bf{X}})$ as $\lambda \to \infty$, giving also an estimate for the remainder term for singular group actions. Since the considered critical set is a singular variety, we recur to partial desingularization in order to apply the stationary phase theorem.
math.AP math.SP
let gsubset on be a compact group of isometries acting on ndimensional euclidean space rn and bfx a bounded domain in rn which is transformed into itself under the action of g consider a symmetric classical pseudodifferential operator a_0 in l2rn that commutes with the regular representation of g and assume that it is elliptic on bfx we show that the spectrum of the friedrichs extension a of the operator mathrmres circ a_0 circ mathrmext ctbfx to l2bfx is discrete and using the method of the stationary phase we derive asymptotics for the number n_chilambda of eigenvalues of a equal or less than lambda and with eigenfunctions in the chiisotypic component of l2bfx as lambda to infty giving also an estimate for the remainder term for singular group actions since the considered critical set is a singular variety we recur to partial desingularization in order to apply the stationary phase theorem
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710.0127
Difficulty in the Fermi-Liquid-Based Theory for the In-Plane Magnetic Anisotropy in Untwinned High-T_c Superconductor
Recently, Eremin and Manske [1] presented a oneband Fermi-liquid theory for the in-plane magnetic anisotropy in untwinned high-Tc superconductor YBa2Cu3O6:85 (YBCO). They claimed that they found good agreement with inelastic neutron scattering (INS) spectra. In this Comment, we point out that their conclusion on this important problem may be questionable due to an error in logic about the orthorhombicity delta_0 characterizing the lattice structure of YBCO. In Ref. [1], a single band at delta_0>0 is proved to be in accordance with the angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) on untwinned YBCO. But in their Erratum in PRL[3], they admit that delta_0= -0.03 was used to fit the INS data. Hence publications [1,3] contain errors that we believe invalidate their approach.
cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.str-el
recently eremin and manske 1 presented a oneband fermiliquid theory for the inplane magnetic anisotropy in untwinned hightc superconductor yba2cu3o685 ybco they claimed that they found good agreement with inelastic neutron scattering ins spectra in this comment we point out that their conclusion on this important problem may be questionable due to an error in logic about the orthorhombicity delta_0 characterizing the lattice structure of ybco in ref 1 a single band at delta_00 is proved to be in accordance with the angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy arpes on untwinned ybco but in their erratum in prl3 they admit that delta_0 003 was used to fit the ins data hence publications 13 contain errors that we believe invalidate their approach
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710.0128
Investigation of the Faraday Rotation Measure and Magnetic Field Structures of Several AGN Jets on Sub-Parsec to Parsec Scales
Preliminary VLBA polarisation results on 6 ``blazars'' from 6.5-cm to 7-mm are presented here. Observing at several different wavelengths, separated by short and long intervals, enabled reliable information about the magnetic (B) field structure to be obtained and for the effect of Faraday Rotation to be determined and corrected. For all sources the magnitude of the core Rotation Measure (RM) derived from the shorter wavelength data was greater than that derived from the longer wavelength data, consistent with a higher electron density and/or B-field strength closer to the central engine. A transverse RM gradient was detected in the jet of 0954+658, providing evidence for the presence of a helical B-field surrounding the jet. The RM in the core region of 2200+420 (BL Lac) displays sign changes in different wavelength intervals (on different spatial scales); we suggest an explanation for this in terms of modest bends in a helical B-field surrounding the jet.
astro-ph
preliminary vlba polarisation results on 6 blazars from 65cm to 7mm are presented here observing at several different wavelengths separated by short and long intervals enabled reliable information about the magnetic b field structure to be obtained and for the effect of faraday rotation to be determined and corrected for all sources the magnitude of the core rotation measure rm derived from the shorter wavelength data was greater than that derived from the longer wavelength data consistent with a higher electron density andor bfield strength closer to the central engine a transverse rm gradient was detected in the jet of 0954658 providing evidence for the presence of a helical bfield surrounding the jet the rm in the core region of 2200420 bl lac displays sign changes in different wavelength intervals on different spatial scales we suggest an explanation for this in terms of modest bends in a helical bfield surrounding the jet
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710.0129
Existence and mutiplicity of solutions to elliptic equations of fourth order on compact manifolds
This paper deals with a fourth order elliptic equation on compact Riemannian manifolds.We establish the existence of solutions to the equation with critical Sobolev growth which is the subject of the first theorem. In the second one, we prove the multiplicity of solutions in the subcritical case.
math.AP
this paper deals with a fourth order elliptic equation on compact riemannian manifoldswe establish the existence of solutions to the equation with critical sobolev growth which is the subject of the first theorem in the second one we prove the multiplicity of solutions in the subcritical case
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710.013
Tests \`a la Hurewicz dans le plan
We give, for some Borel sets of a product of two Polish spaces, including the Borel sets with countable sections, a Hurewicz-like characterization of those which cannot become a transfinite difference of open sets by changing the two Polish topologies.
math.LO math.GN
we give for some borel sets of a product of two polish spaces including the borel sets with countable sections a hurewiczlike characterization of those which cannot become a transfinite difference of open sets by changing the two polish topologies
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710.0131
Uniformisations partielles et crit\`eres \`a la Hurewicz dans le plan
We give characterizations of the Borel sets potentially in some Wadge class, among the Borel sets with countable vertical sections of a product of two Polish spaces. To do this, we use some partial uniformization results.
math.LO math.GN
we give characterizations of the borel sets potentially in some wadge class among the borel sets with countable vertical sections of a product of two polish spaces to do this we use some partial uniformization results
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710.0132
Classes de Wadge potentielles des bor\'eliens \`a coupes d\'enombrables
We give, for each non self-dual Wadge class C contained in the class of the Gdelta sets, a characterization of Borel sets which are not potentially in C, among Borel sets with countable vertical sections; to do this, we use results of partial uniformization.
math.LO math.GN
we give for each non selfdual wadge class c contained in the class of the gdelta sets a characterization of borel sets which are not potentially in c among borel sets with countable vertical sections to do this we use results of partial uniformization
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710.0133
Classes de Wadge potentielles et th\'eor\`emes d'uniformisation partielle
We want to give a construction as simple as possible of a Borel subset of a product of two Polish spaces. This introduces the notion of potential Wadge class. Among other things, we study the non-potentially closed sets, by proving Hurewicz-like results. This leads to partial uniformization theorems, on big sets, in the sense of cardinality or Baire category.
math.LO math.GN
we want to give a construction as simple as possible of a borel subset of a product of two polish spaces this introduces the notion of potential wadge class among other things we study the nonpotentially closed sets by proving hurewiczlike results this leads to partial uniformization theorems on big sets in the sense of cardinality or baire category
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710.0134
Complexit\'e des bor\'eliens \`a coupes d\'enombrables
We give, for each level of complexity L, a Hurewicz-like characterization of the Borel subsets with countable sections of a product of two Polish spaces that cannot become in L by changing the two Polish topologies.
math.LO math.GN
we give for each level of complexity l a hurewiczlike characterization of the borel subsets with countable sections of a product of two polish spaces that cannot become in l by changing the two polish topologies
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710.0135
Neutralino Annihilations and the Gas Temperature in the Dark Ages
Assuming the dark matter is made entirely from neutralinos, we re-visit the role of their annihilation on the temperature of diffuse gas in the high redshift universe. We consider neutralinos of particle mass 36 GeV and 100 GeV, respectively. The former is able to produce ~7 electron/positron particles per annihilation through the fremionic channel, and the latter ~53 particles assuming a purely bosonic channel. High energy electron/positron particles up-scatter the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) photons into higher energies via the inverse-Compton scattering. The process produces a power-law electron/positron energy spectrum of index -1 in the energy range of interest, independent of the initial energy distribution. The corresponding energy spectrum of the up-scattered photons is a power-law of index -1/2, if absorption by the gas is not included. The scattered photons photo-heat the gas by releasing electrons which deposit a fraction (14%)of their energy as heat into the ambient medium. For uniformly distributed neutralinos the heating is insignificant. The effect is greatly enhanced by the clumping of neutralinos into dense haloes. We use a time-dependent clumping model which takes into account the damping of density fluctuations on mass scales smaller than ~10^{-6}M_sol. With this clumping model, the heating mechanism boosts the gas temperature above that of the CMB after a redshift of z 30. By z\approx 10 the gas temperature is nearly 100 times its temperature when no heating is invoked. Similar increase is obtained for the two neutralino masses considered.
astro-ph
assuming the dark matter is made entirely from neutralinos we revisit the role of their annihilation on the temperature of diffuse gas in the high redshift universe we consider neutralinos of particle mass 36 gev and 100 gev respectively the former is able to produce 7 electronpositron particles per annihilation through the fremionic channel and the latter 53 particles assuming a purely bosonic channel high energy electronpositron particles upscatter the cosmic microwave background cmb photons into higher energies via the inversecompton scattering the process produces a powerlaw electronpositron energy spectrum of index 1 in the energy range of interest independent of the initial energy distribution the corresponding energy spectrum of the upscattered photons is a powerlaw of index 12 if absorption by the gas is not included the scattered photons photoheat the gas by releasing electrons which deposit a fraction 14of their energy as heat into the ambient medium for uniformly distributed neutralinos the heating is insignificant the effect is greatly enhanced by the clumping of neutralinos into dense haloes we use a timedependent clumping model which takes into account the damping of density fluctuations on mass scales smaller than 106m_sol with this clumping model the heating mechanism boosts the gas temperature above that of the cmb after a redshift of z 30 by zapprox 10 the gas temperature is nearly 100 times its temperature when no heating is invoked similar increase is obtained for the two neutralino masses considered
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710.0136
A Simple Model for Cavity Enhanced Slow Lights in Vertical Cavity Surface Emission Lasers
We develop a simple model for the slow lights in Vertical Cavity Surface Emission Lasers (VCSELs), with the combination of cavity and population pulsation effects. The dependences of probe signal power, injection bias current and wavelength detuning for the group delays are demonstrated numerically and experimentally. Up to 65 ps group delays and up to 10 GHz modulation frequency can be achieved in the room temperature at the wavelength of 1.3 $\mu$m. The most significant feature of our VCSEL device is that the length of active region is only several $\mu$m long. Based on the experimental parameters of quantum dot VCSEL structures, we show that the resonance effect of laser cavity plays a significant role to enhance the group delays.
physics.optics
we develop a simple model for the slow lights in vertical cavity surface emission lasers vcsels with the combination of cavity and population pulsation effects the dependences of probe signal power injection bias current and wavelength detuning for the group delays are demonstrated numerically and experimentally up to 65 ps group delays and up to 10 ghz modulation frequency can be achieved in the room temperature at the wavelength of 13 mum the most significant feature of our vcsel device is that the length of active region is only several mum long based on the experimental parameters of quantum dot vcsel structures we show that the resonance effect of laser cavity plays a significant role to enhance the group delays
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710.0137
The B and Be Star Population of NGC 3766
We present multiple epochs of H-alpha spectroscopy for 47 members of the open cluster NGC 3766 to investigate the long term variability of its Be stars. Sixteen of the stars in this sample are Be stars, including one new discovery. Of these, we observe an unprecedented 11 Be stars that undergo disk appearances and/or near disappearances in our H-alpha spectra, making this the most variable population of Be stars known to date. NGC 3766 is therefore an excellent location to study the formation mechanism of Be star disks. From blue optical spectra of 38 cluster members and existing Stromgren photometry of the cluster, we also measure rotational velocities, effective temperatures, and polar surface gravities to investigate the physical and evolutionary factors that may contribute to the Be phenomenon. Our analysis also provides improvements to the reddening and distance of NGC 3766, and we find E(B-V) = 0.22 +/- 0.03 and (V-M_V)_0 = 11.6 +/- 0.2, respectively. The Be stars are not associated with a particular stage of main-sequence evolution, but they are a population of rapidly rotating stars with a velocity distribution generally consistent with rotation at 70-80% of the critical velocity, although systematic effects probably underestimate the true rotational velocities so that the rotation is much closer to critical. Our measurements of the changing disk sizes are consistent with the idea that transitory, nonradial pulsations contribute to the formation of these highly variable disks.
astro-ph
we present multiple epochs of halpha spectroscopy for 47 members of the open cluster ngc 3766 to investigate the long term variability of its be stars sixteen of the stars in this sample are be stars including one new discovery of these we observe an unprecedented 11 be stars that undergo disk appearances andor near disappearances in our halpha spectra making this the most variable population of be stars known to date ngc 3766 is therefore an excellent location to study the formation mechanism of be star disks from blue optical spectra of 38 cluster members and existing stromgren photometry of the cluster we also measure rotational velocities effective temperatures and polar surface gravities to investigate the physical and evolutionary factors that may contribute to the be phenomenon our analysis also provides improvements to the reddening and distance of ngc 3766 and we find ebv 022 003 and vm_v_0 116 02 respectively the be stars are not associated with a particular stage of mainsequence evolution but they are a population of rapidly rotating stars with a velocity distribution generally consistent with rotation at 7080 of the critical velocity although systematic effects probably underestimate the true rotational velocities so that the rotation is much closer to critical our measurements of the changing disk sizes are consistent with the idea that transitory nonradial pulsations contribute to the formation of these highly variable disks
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710.0138
K-matrix and Dalitz plot analysis from FOCUS
Dalitz analysis is a powerful tool for physics studies within and beyond the Standard Model. In the last decade it has helped to investigate the Heavy Flavor hadronic decay dynamics and is now being applied to extract angles of the CKM Unitarity triangle. To perform such sophisticate analyses we need to model the strong interaction effects. The FOCUS experiment has performed pilot studies in the charm sector through the K-matrix formalism. What has been learnt from charm will be beneficial for future accurate beauty measurements. Experience and results from FOCUS are presented and discussed.
hep-ex
dalitz analysis is a powerful tool for physics studies within and beyond the standard model in the last decade it has helped to investigate the heavy flavor hadronic decay dynamics and is now being applied to extract angles of the ckm unitarity triangle to perform such sophisticate analyses we need to model the strong interaction effects the focus experiment has performed pilot studies in the charm sector through the kmatrix formalism what has been learnt from charm will be beneficial for future accurate beauty measurements experience and results from focus are presented and discussed
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710.0139
Getting a kick out of the stellar disk(s) in the galactic center
Recent observations of the Galactic center revealed a nuclear disk of young OB stars, in addition to many similar outlying stars with higher eccentricities and/or high inclinations relative to the disk (some of them possibly belonging to a second disk). Binaries in such nuclear disks, if they exist in non-negligible fractions, could have a major role in the evolution of the disks through binary heating of this stellar system. We suggest that interactions with/in binaries may explain some (or all) of the observed outlying young stars in the Galactic center. Such stars could have been formed in a disk, and later on kicked out from it through binary related interactions, similar to ejection of high velocity runaway OB stars in young clusters throughout the galaxy.
astro-ph
recent observations of the galactic center revealed a nuclear disk of young ob stars in addition to many similar outlying stars with higher eccentricities andor high inclinations relative to the disk some of them possibly belonging to a second disk binaries in such nuclear disks if they exist in nonnegligible fractions could have a major role in the evolution of the disks through binary heating of this stellar system we suggest that interactions within binaries may explain some or all of the observed outlying young stars in the galactic center such stars could have been formed in a disk and later on kicked out from it through binary related interactions similar to ejection of high velocity runaway ob stars in young clusters throughout the galaxy
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710.014
High density effective theory on the lattice
Long-range interactions in finite density QCD necessitate a non-perturbative approach in order to reliably map out the key features and spectrum of the QCD phase diagram. However, the complex nature of the fermion determinant in this sector prohibits the use of established Monte Carlo techniques that utilize importance sampling. Whilst significant progress has been made in the low density, high temperature region, this remains a considerable challenge at mid to high density. At large chemical potential, QCD can be approximated using high density effective theory which is free from the sign problem at leading order. We investigate the implementation of this theory on the lattice in conjunction with existing re-weighting techniques.
hep-lat
longrange interactions in finite density qcd necessitate a nonperturbative approach in order to reliably map out the key features and spectrum of the qcd phase diagram however the complex nature of the fermion determinant in this sector prohibits the use of established monte carlo techniques that utilize importance sampling whilst significant progress has been made in the low density high temperature region this remains a considerable challenge at mid to high density at large chemical potential qcd can be approximated using high density effective theory which is free from the sign problem at leading order we investigate the implementation of this theory on the lattice in conjunction with existing reweighting techniques
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710.0141
Dense gas in luminous infrared galaxies
Molecules that trace the high-density regions of the interstellar medium have been observed in (ultra-)luminous (far-)infrared galaxies, in order to initiate multiple-molecule multiple-transition studies to evaluate the physical and chemical environment of the nuclear medium and its response to the ongoing nuclear activity. The HCN(1-0), HNC(1-0), HCO+(1-0), CN(1-0) and CN(2-1), CO(2-1), and CS(3-2) transitions were observed in sources covering three decades of infrared luminosity including sources with known OH megamaser activity. The data for the molecules that trace the high-density regions have been augmented with data available in the literature. The integrated emissions of high-density tracer molecules show a strong relation to the far-infrared luminosity. Ratios of integrated line luminosities have been used for a first order diagnosis of the integrated molecular environment of the evolving nuclear starbursts. Diagnostic diagrams display significant differentiation among the sources that relate to initial conditions and the radiative excitation environment. Initial differentiation has been introduced between the FUV radiation field in photon-dominated-regions and the X-ray field in X-ray-dominated-regions. The galaxies displaying OH megamaser activity have line ratios typical of photon-dominated regions.
astro-ph
molecules that trace the highdensity regions of the interstellar medium have been observed in ultraluminous farinfrared galaxies in order to initiate multiplemolecule multipletransition studies to evaluate the physical and chemical environment of the nuclear medium and its response to the ongoing nuclear activity the hcn10 hnc10 hco10 cn10 and cn21 co21 and cs32 transitions were observed in sources covering three decades of infrared luminosity including sources with known oh megamaser activity the data for the molecules that trace the highdensity regions have been augmented with data available in the literature the integrated emissions of highdensity tracer molecules show a strong relation to the farinfrared luminosity ratios of integrated line luminosities have been used for a first order diagnosis of the integrated molecular environment of the evolving nuclear starbursts diagnostic diagrams display significant differentiation among the sources that relate to initial conditions and the radiative excitation environment initial differentiation has been introduced between the fuv radiation field in photondominatedregions and the xray field in xraydominatedregions the galaxies displaying oh megamaser activity have line ratios typical of photondominated regions
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710.0142
LDPC codes in the McEliece cryptosystem: attacks and countermeasures
The McEliece cryptosystem is a public-key cryptosystem based on coding theory that has successfully resisted cryptanalysis for thirty years. The original version, based on Goppa codes, is able to guarantee a high level of security, and is faster than competing solutions, like RSA. Despite this, it has been rarely considered in practical applications, due to two major drawbacks: i) large size of the public key and ii) low transmission rate. Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes are state-of-art forward error correcting codes that permit to approach the Shannon limit while ensuring limited complexity. Quasi-Cyclic (QC) LDPC codes are a particular class of LDPC codes, able to join low complexity encoding of QC codes with high-performing and low-complexity decoding of LDPC codes. In a previous work it has been proposed to adopt a particular family of QC-LDPC codes in the McEliece cryptosystem to reduce the key size and increase the transmission rate. Recently, however, new attacks have been found that are able to exploit a flaw in the transformation from the private key to the public one. Such attacks can be effectively countered by changing the form of some constituent matrices, without altering the system parameters. This work gives an overview of the QC-LDPC codes-based McEliece cryptosystem and its cryptanalysis. Two recent versions are considered, and their ability to counter all the currently known attacks is discussed. A third version able to reach a higher security level is also proposed. Finally, it is shown that the new QC-LDPC codes-based cryptosystem scales favorably with the key length.
cs.IT math.IT
the mceliece cryptosystem is a publickey cryptosystem based on coding theory that has successfully resisted cryptanalysis for thirty years the original version based on goppa codes is able to guarantee a high level of security and is faster than competing solutions like rsa despite this it has been rarely considered in practical applications due to two major drawbacks i large size of the public key and ii low transmission rate lowdensity paritycheck ldpc codes are stateofart forward error correcting codes that permit to approach the shannon limit while ensuring limited complexity quasicyclic qc ldpc codes are a particular class of ldpc codes able to join low complexity encoding of qc codes with highperforming and lowcomplexity decoding of ldpc codes in a previous work it has been proposed to adopt a particular family of qcldpc codes in the mceliece cryptosystem to reduce the key size and increase the transmission rate recently however new attacks have been found that are able to exploit a flaw in the transformation from the private key to the public one such attacks can be effectively countered by changing the form of some constituent matrices without altering the system parameters this work gives an overview of the qcldpc codesbased mceliece cryptosystem and its cryptanalysis two recent versions are considered and their ability to counter all the currently known attacks is discussed a third version able to reach a higher security level is also proposed finally it is shown that the new qcldpc codesbased cryptosystem scales favorably with the key length
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710.0143
Generalized Taylor's Theorem
The Euclidean algorithm makes possible a simple but powerful generalization of Taylor's theorem. Instead of expanding a function in a series around a single point, one spreads out the spectrum to include any number of points with given multiplicities. Taken together with a simple expression for the remainder, this theorem becomes a powerful tool for approximation and interpolation in numerical analysis. We also have a corresponding theorem for rational approximation.
math.NA
the euclidean algorithm makes possible a simple but powerful generalization of taylors theorem instead of expanding a function in a series around a single point one spreads out the spectrum to include any number of points with given multiplicities taken together with a simple expression for the remainder this theorem becomes a powerful tool for approximation and interpolation in numerical analysis we also have a corresponding theorem for rational approximation
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710.0144
Two Digit Theorems
We prove that if p is a prime with a primitive root 2 then S_p(2^p)=p and give a sufficient condition for an equality of kind S_p(2^p)=+or-p.
math.NT
we prove that if p is a prime with a primitive root 2 then s_p2pp and give a sufficient condition for an equality of kind s_p2porp
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710.0145
Applications of integral transforms in fractional diffusion processes
The fundamental solution (Green function) for the Cauchy problem of the space-time fractional diffusion equation is investigated with respect to its scaling and similarity properties, starting from its Fourier-Laplace representation. Then, by using the Mellin transform, a general representation of the Green function in terms of Mellin-Barnes integrals in the complex plane is derived. This allows us to obtain a suitable computational form of the Green function in the space-time domain and to analyse its probability interpretation.
math.PR math.CV
the fundamental solution green function for the cauchy problem of the spacetime fractional diffusion equation is investigated with respect to its scaling and similarity properties starting from its fourierlaplace representation then by using the mellin transform a general representation of the green function in terms of mellinbarnes integrals in the complex plane is derived this allows us to obtain a suitable computational form of the green function in the spacetime domain and to analyse its probability interpretation
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710.0146
Anisotropic Lavine's formula and symmetrised time delay in scattering theory
We consider, in quantum scattering theory, symmetrised time delay defined in terms of sojourn times in arbitrary spatial regions symmetric with respect to the origin. For potentials decaying more rapidly than $|x|^{-4}$ at infinity, we show the existence of symmetrised time delay, and prove that it satisfies an anisotropic version of Lavine's formula. The importance of an anisotropic dilations-type operator is revealed in our study.
math-ph math.FA math.MP
we consider in quantum scattering theory symmetrised time delay defined in terms of sojourn times in arbitrary spatial regions symmetric with respect to the origin for potentials decaying more rapidly than x4 at infinity we show the existence of symmetrised time delay and prove that it satisfies an anisotropic version of lavines formula the importance of an anisotropic dilationstype operator is revealed in our study
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710.0147
Polymer Translocation out of Planar Confinements
Polymer translocation in three dimensions out of planar confinements is studied in this paper. Three membranes are located at $z=-h$, $z=0$ and $z=h_1$. These membranes are impenetrable, except for the middle one at $z=0$, which has a narrow pore. A polymer with length $N$ is initially sandwiched between the membranes placed at $z=-h$ and $z=0$ and translocates through this pore. We consider strong confinement (small $h$), where the polymer is essentially reduced to a two-dimensional polymer, with a radius of gyration scaling as $R^{\tinytext{(2D)}}_g \sim N^{\nu_{\tinytext{2D}}}$; here, $\nu_{\tinytext{2D}}=0.75$ is the Flory exponent in two dimensions. The polymer performs Rouse dynamics. Based on theoretical analysis and high-precision simulation data, we show that in the unbiased case $h=h_1$, the dwell-time $\tau_d$ scales as $N^{2+\nu_{\tinytext{2D}}}$, in perfect agreement with our previously published theoretical framework. For $h_1=\infty$, the situation is equivalent to field-driven translocation in two dimensions. We show that in this case $\tau_d$ scales as $N^{2\nu_{\tinytext{2D}}}$, in agreement with several existing numerical results in the literature. This result violates the earlier reported lower bound $N^{1+\nu}$ for $\tau_d$ for field-driven translocation. We argue, based on energy conservation, that the actual lower bound for $\tau_d$ is $N^{2\nu}$ and not $N^{1+\nu}$. Polymer translocation in such theoretically motivated geometries thus resolves some of the most fundamental issues that are the subjects of much heated debate in recent times.
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.stat-mech
polymer translocation in three dimensions out of planar confinements is studied in this paper three membranes are located at zh z0 and zh_1 these membranes are impenetrable except for the middle one at z0 which has a narrow pore a polymer with length n is initially sandwiched between the membranes placed at zh and z0 and translocates through this pore we consider strong confinement small h where the polymer is essentially reduced to a twodimensional polymer with a radius of gyration scaling as rtinytext2d_g sim nnu_tinytext2d here nu_tinytext2d075 is the flory exponent in two dimensions the polymer performs rouse dynamics based on theoretical analysis and highprecision simulation data we show that in the unbiased case hh_1 the dwelltime tau_d scales as n2nu_tinytext2d in perfect agreement with our previously published theoretical framework for h_1infty the situation is equivalent to fielddriven translocation in two dimensions we show that in this case tau_d scales as n2nu_tinytext2d in agreement with several existing numerical results in the literature this result violates the earlier reported lower bound n1nu for tau_d for fielddriven translocation we argue based on energy conservation that the actual lower bound for tau_d is n2nu and not n1nu polymer translocation in such theoretically motivated geometries thus resolves some of the most fundamental issues that are the subjects of much heated debate in recent times
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710.0148
D1-brane in beta-Deformed Background
We study various configurations of rotating and wound D1-brane in AdS_5\times S^5 background and in its beta deformed version. We find giant magnon and spike solutions on the world-volume of D1-brane in AdS_5\times S^5 background. We also analyse the equations of motion of D1-brane in beta-deformed background. We show that in the limit of large electric flux on world-volume of D1-brane they reduce to the equations that describe collection of large number of fundamental strings. We also construct rotating and wound D1-brane solution that has two equal spins on S^5_\gamma.
hep-th
we study various configurations of rotating and wound d1brane in ads_5times s5 background and in its beta deformed version we find giant magnon and spike solutions on the worldvolume of d1brane in ads_5times s5 background we also analyse the equations of motion of d1brane in betadeformed background we show that in the limit of large electric flux on worldvolume of d1brane they reduce to the equations that describe collection of large number of fundamental strings we also construct rotating and wound d1brane solution that has two equal spins on s5_gamma
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710.0149
Multi-Channel Selective Femtosecond Coherent Control Based on Symmetry Properties
We present and implement a new scheme for extended multi-channel selective femtosecond coherent control based on symmetry properties of the excitation channels. Here, an atomic non-resonant two-photon absorption channel is coherently incorporated in a resonance-mediated (2+1) three-photon absorption channel. By proper pulse shaping, utilizing the invariance of the two-photon absorption to specific phase transformations of the pulse, the three-photon absorption is tuned independently over order-of-magnitude yield range for any possible two-photon absorption yield. Noticeable is a set of two-photon dark pulses inducing widely-tunable three-photon absorption.
physics.atom-ph
we present and implement a new scheme for extended multichannel selective femtosecond coherent control based on symmetry properties of the excitation channels here an atomic nonresonant twophoton absorption channel is coherently incorporated in a resonancemediated 21 threephoton absorption channel by proper pulse shaping utilizing the invariance of the twophoton absorption to specific phase transformations of the pulse the threephoton absorption is tuned independently over orderofmagnitude yield range for any possible twophoton absorption yield noticeable is a set of twophoton dark pulses inducing widelytunable threephoton absorption
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710.015
Phase heterogeneities of lipidic aggregates
We propose a model for explanation the "domain-wall" type configuration states in binary lipid mixtures of cationic and neutral lipids, associated with observed relaxation effects in their aggregates. We apply the analogy with formation of Kibble-\.Zurek topological defects, which we suppose connected with structural dynamics of the lipid phases. In frames of the proposed model, the density of kink-type defects and the energy of the configurations are calculated.
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.other
we propose a model for explanation the domainwall type configuration states in binary lipid mixtures of cationic and neutral lipids associated with observed relaxation effects in their aggregates we apply the analogy with formation of kibblezurek topological defects which we suppose connected with structural dynamics of the lipid phases in frames of the proposed model the density of kinktype defects and the energy of the configurations are calculated
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710.0151
Charm Mixing - Theory
We discuss Standard Model (SM) and New Physics (NP) descriptions of D0 mixing. The SM part of the discussion addresses both quark level and hadron level contributions. The NP part describes our recent works on the rate difference Delta Gamma_D and the mass difference Delta M_D. In particular, we describe how the recent experimental determination of Delta M_D is found to place tightened restrictions on parameter spaces for 17 of 21 NP models considered in a recent paper by Hewett, Pakvasa, Petrov and myself.
hep-ph
we discuss standard model sm and new physics np descriptions of d0 mixing the sm part of the discussion addresses both quark level and hadron level contributions the np part describes our recent works on the rate difference delta gamma_d and the mass difference delta m_d in particular we describe how the recent experimental determination of delta m_d is found to place tightened restrictions on parameter spaces for 17 of 21 np models considered in a recent paper by hewett pakvasa petrov and myself
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710.0152
On minimal non-potentially closed subsets of the plane
We study the Borel subsets of the plane that can be made closed by refining the Polish topology on the real line. These sets are called potentially closed. We first compare Borel subsets of the plane using products of continuous functions. We show the existence of a perfect antichain made of minimal sets among non-potentially closed sets. We apply this result to graphs, quasi-orders and partial orders. We also give a non-potentially closed set minimum for another notion of comparison. Finally, we show that we cannot have injectivity in the Kechris-Solecki-Todorcevic dichotomy about analytic graphs.
math.LO math.GN
we study the borel subsets of the plane that can be made closed by refining the polish topology on the real line these sets are called potentially closed we first compare borel subsets of the plane using products of continuous functions we show the existence of a perfect antichain made of minimal sets among nonpotentially closed sets we apply this result to graphs quasiorders and partial orders we also give a nonpotentially closed set minimum for another notion of comparison finally we show that we cannot have injectivity in the kechrissoleckitodorcevic dichotomy about analytic graphs
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