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710.0253
Crystal graphs for general linear Lie superalgebras and quasi-symmetric functions
We give a new representation theoretic interpretation of the ring of quasi-symmetric functions. This is obtained by showing that the super analogue of the Gessel's fundamental quasi-symmetric function can be realized as the character of an irreducible crystal for the Lie superalgebra $\frak{gl}_{n|n}$ associated to its non-standard Borel subalgebra with a maximal number of odd isotropic simple roots. We also present an algebraic characterization of these super quasi-symmetric functions.
math.RT math.QA
we give a new representation theoretic interpretation of the ring of quasisymmetric functions this is obtained by showing that the super analogue of the gessels fundamental quasisymmetric function can be realized as the character of an irreducible crystal for the lie superalgebra frakgl_nn associated to its nonstandard borel subalgebra with a maximal number of odd isotropic simple roots we also present an algebraic characterization of these super quasisymmetric functions
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710.0254
Generalized plasma-like permittivity and thermal Casimir force between real metals
The physical reasons why the Drude dielectric function is not compatible with the Lifshitz formula, as opposed to the generalized plasma-like permittivity, are presented. Essentially, the problem is connected with the finite size of metal plates. It is shown that the Lifshitz theory combined with the generalized plasma-like permittivity is thermodynamically consistent.
quant-ph cond-mat.stat-mech physics.optics
the physical reasons why the drude dielectric function is not compatible with the lifshitz formula as opposed to the generalized plasmalike permittivity are presented essentially the problem is connected with the finite size of metal plates it is shown that the lifshitz theory combined with the generalized plasmalike permittivity is thermodynamically consistent
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710.0255
Searches for Leptoquark Production at D0
Recent searches for leptoquark production in proton-antiproton collisions at sqrt(s)=1.96TeV are presented using data samples with integrated luminosities up to 1fb^(-1) recorded with the D0 detector.
hep-ex
recent searches for leptoquark production in protonantiproton collisions at sqrts196tev are presented using data samples with integrated luminosities up to 1fb1 recorded with the d0 detector
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710.0256
Charmonium spectrum including higher spin and exotic states
We study the charmonium spectrum including higher spin and exotic states. We use the Sheikholeslami-Wilson (clover) action for $N_f=2$ sea quarks as well as for the charm valence quark. In order to access excited states we apply a variational method with a basis of highly optimized operators.
hep-lat
we study the charmonium spectrum including higher spin and exotic states we use the sheikholeslamiwilson clover action for n_f2 sea quarks as well as for the charm valence quark in order to access excited states we apply a variational method with a basis of highly optimized operators
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710.0257
Gas Density and the Volume Schmidt Law for Spiral Galaxies
The thickness of the equilibrium isothermal gaseous layers and their volume densities \rho_{gas}(R) in the disc midplane are calculated for 7 spiral galaxies (including our Galaxy) in the frame of self-consistent axisymmetric model. Local velocity dispersions of stellar discs were assumed to be close to marginal values necessary for the discs to be in a stable equilibrium state. Under this condition the stellar discs of at least 5 of 7 galaxies reveal a flaring. Their volume densities decrease with R faster than \rho_{gas}, and, as a result, the gas dominates by the density at the disc periphery. Comparison of the azimuthally averaged star formation rate SFR with the gas density shows that there is no universal Schmidt law SFR \rho_{gas}^n, common to all galaxies. Nevertheless, SFR in different galaxies reveals better correlation with the volume gas density than with the column one. Parameter n in the Schmidt law SFR \rho_{gas}^n, formally calculated by the least square method, lies within 0.8-2.4 range and it's mean value is close to 1.5. Values of n calculated for molecular gas only are characterized by large dispersion, but their mean value is close to 1. Hence the smaller \rho_{gas} the less is a fraction of gas actively taking part in the process of star formation.
astro-ph
the thickness of the equilibrium isothermal gaseous layers and their volume densities rho_gasr in the disc midplane are calculated for 7 spiral galaxies including our galaxy in the frame of selfconsistent axisymmetric model local velocity dispersions of stellar discs were assumed to be close to marginal values necessary for the discs to be in a stable equilibrium state under this condition the stellar discs of at least 5 of 7 galaxies reveal a flaring their volume densities decrease with r faster than rho_gas and as a result the gas dominates by the density at the disc periphery comparison of the azimuthally averaged star formation rate sfr with the gas density shows that there is no universal schmidt law sfr rho_gasn common to all galaxies nevertheless sfr in different galaxies reveals better correlation with the volume gas density than with the column one parameter n in the schmidt law sfr rho_gasn formally calculated by the least square method lies within 0824 range and its mean value is close to 15 values of n calculated for molecular gas only are characterized by large dispersion but their mean value is close to 1 hence the smaller rho_gas the less is a fraction of gas actively taking part in the process of star formation
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710.0258
Next to leading order gravitational wave emission and dynamical evolution of compact binary systems with spin
Compact binary systems with spinning components are considered. Finite size effects due to rotational deformation are taken into account. The dynamical evolution and next to leading order gravitational wave forms are calculated, taking into account the orbital motion up to the first post-Newtonian approximation.
gr-qc
compact binary systems with spinning components are considered finite size effects due to rotational deformation are taken into account the dynamical evolution and next to leading order gravitational wave forms are calculated taking into account the orbital motion up to the first postnewtonian approximation
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710.0259
On-line recognition of supernova neutrino bursts in the LVD detector
In this paper we show the capabilities of the Large Volume Detector (INFN Gran Sasso National Laboratory) to identify a neutrino burst associated to a supernova explosion, in the absence of an "external trigger", e.g., an optical observation. We describe how the detector trigger and event selection have been optimized for this purpose, and we detail the algorithm used for the on-line burst recognition. The on-line sensitivity of the detector is defined and discussed in terms of supernova distance and electron anti-neutrino intensity at the source.
astro-ph hep-ph
in this paper we show the capabilities of the large volume detector infn gran sasso national laboratory to identify a neutrino burst associated to a supernova explosion in the absence of an external trigger eg an optical observation we describe how the detector trigger and event selection have been optimized for this purpose and we detail the algorithm used for the online burst recognition the online sensitivity of the detector is defined and discussed in terms of supernova distance and electron antineutrino intensity at the source
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710.026
Higher order group cohomology and the Eichler-Shimura map
Higher order group cohomology is defined and first properties are given. Using modular symbols, an Eichler-Shimura homomorphism is constructed mapping spaces of higher order cusp forms to higher order cohomology groups.
math.NT
higher order group cohomology is defined and first properties are given using modular symbols an eichlershimura homomorphism is constructed mapping spaces of higher order cusp forms to higher order cohomology groups
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710.0261
Chain models on Hecke algebra for corner type representations
We consider the integrable open chain models formulated in terms of generators of the Hecke algebra. The spectrum of the Hamiltonians for the open Hecke chains of finite size with free boundary conditions is deduced for special (corner type) irreducible representations of the Hecke algebra.
math.QA math.RT
we consider the integrable open chain models formulated in terms of generators of the hecke algebra the spectrum of the hamiltonians for the open hecke chains of finite size with free boundary conditions is deduced for special corner type irreducible representations of the hecke algebra
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710.0262
Incomplete Lineage Sorting: Consistent Phylogeny Estimation From Multiple Loci
We introduce a simple algorithm for reconstructing phylogenies from multiple gene trees in the presence of incomplete lineage sorting, that is, when the topology of the gene trees may differ from that of the species tree. We show that our technique is statistically consistent under standard stochastic assumptions, that is, it returns the correct tree given sufficiently many unlinked loci. We also show that it can tolerate moderate estimation errors.
q-bio.PE cs.CE cs.DS math.PR math.ST stat.TH
we introduce a simple algorithm for reconstructing phylogenies from multiple gene trees in the presence of incomplete lineage sorting that is when the topology of the gene trees may differ from that of the species tree we show that our technique is statistically consistent under standard stochastic assumptions that is it returns the correct tree given sufficiently many unlinked loci we also show that it can tolerate moderate estimation errors
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710.0263
Enhancement of equilibrium fraction by heterogeneous nucleation in a "phase separated" half-doped manganite
Glass-like arrest of kinetics has been observed across many magnetic first-order transitions. By traversing the two control variable H-T space, tunable coexisting fractions of arrested and equilibrium phases have been observed. We report here a fortuitous situation in a half-doped manganite sample, where these features occur by varying only temperature (T) along the H=0 line. The resistivity at 5 K rises by more than a factor of three provided second cool-down is effected from a specified intermediate T. This significant enhancement results from heterogeneous nucleation during second cool-down of regions that were kinetically arrested during first cool-down.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.stat-mech
glasslike arrest of kinetics has been observed across many magnetic firstorder transitions by traversing the two control variable ht space tunable coexisting fractions of arrested and equilibrium phases have been observed we report here a fortuitous situation in a halfdoped manganite sample where these features occur by varying only temperature t along the h0 line the resistivity at 5 k rises by more than a factor of three provided second cooldown is effected from a specified intermediate t this significant enhancement results from heterogeneous nucleation during second cooldown of regions that were kinetically arrested during first cooldown
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710.0264
Baryon currents in the C-broken phase of QCD
In a space with some sufficiently small compact dimension (with non-trivial cycles) and with periodic boundary conditions for the fermions, the charge conjugation (C), spatial parity (P), time reversal (T) and CPT symmetries are spontaneously broken in QCD. We have investigated what are the physical consequences of the breaking of these discrete symmetries, that is what local observables can be used to detect it. We show that the breaking induces the generation of baryon currents, propagating along the compact dimensions.
hep-lat
in a space with some sufficiently small compact dimension with nontrivial cycles and with periodic boundary conditions for the fermions the charge conjugation c spatial parity p time reversal t and cpt symmetries are spontaneously broken in qcd we have investigated what are the physical consequences of the breaking of these discrete symmetries that is what local observables can be used to detect it we show that the breaking induces the generation of baryon currents propagating along the compact dimensions
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710.0265
Two permanents in the universal enveloping algebras of the symplectic Lie algebras
This paper presents new generators for the center of the universal enveloping algebra of the symplectic Lie algebra. These generators are expressed in terms of the column-permanent, and it is easy to calculate their eigenvalues on irreducible representations. We can regard these generators as the counterpart of central elements of the universal enveloping algebra of the orthogonal Lie algebra given in terms of the column-determinant by A. Wachi. The earliest prototype of all these central elements is the Capelli determinants in the universal enveloping algebra of the general linear Lie algebra.
math.RT
this paper presents new generators for the center of the universal enveloping algebra of the symplectic lie algebra these generators are expressed in terms of the columnpermanent and it is easy to calculate their eigenvalues on irreducible representations we can regard these generators as the counterpart of central elements of the universal enveloping algebra of the orthogonal lie algebra given in terms of the columndeterminant by a wachi the earliest prototype of all these central elements is the capelli determinants in the universal enveloping algebra of the general linear lie algebra
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710.0266
Graph model of the Heisenberg-Weyl algebra
We consider an algebraic formulation of Quantum Theory and develop a combinatorial model of the Heisenberg-Weyl algebra structure. It is shown that by lifting this structure to the richer algebra of graph operator calculus, we gain a simple interpretation involving, for example, the natural composition of graphs. This provides a deeper insight into the algebraic structure of Quantum Theory and sheds light on the intrinsic combinatorial underpinning of its abstract formalism.
quant-ph math-ph math.CO math.MP
we consider an algebraic formulation of quantum theory and develop a combinatorial model of the heisenbergweyl algebra structure it is shown that by lifting this structure to the richer algebra of graph operator calculus we gain a simple interpretation involving for example the natural composition of graphs this provides a deeper insight into the algebraic structure of quantum theory and sheds light on the intrinsic combinatorial underpinning of its abstract formalism
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710.0267
Uniqueness of real closure * of Baer regular rings
It was pointed out in my last paper that there are rings whose real closure * are not unique. In [4] we also discussed some example of rings by which there is a unique real closure * (mainly the real closed rings). Now we want to determine more classes of rings by which real closure * is unique. The main results involve characterisations of domains and Baer regular rings having unique real closure *, and an example showing that regular rings need not be f-rings in order to have a unique real closure *. The main objective here is to find characterisation for uniqueness of real closure * for real regular rings that will primarily only require information of the prime spectrum and the real spectrum of the ring.
math.AC math.AG
it was pointed out in my last paper that there are rings whose real closure are not unique in 4 we also discussed some example of rings by which there is a unique real closure mainly the real closed rings now we want to determine more classes of rings by which real closure is unique the main results involve characterisations of domains and baer regular rings having unique real closure and an example showing that regular rings need not be frings in order to have a unique real closure the main objective here is to find characterisation for uniqueness of real closure for real regular rings that will primarily only require information of the prime spectrum and the real spectrum of the ring
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710.0268
Schur type functions associated with polynomial sequences of binomial type
We introduce a class of Schur type functions associated with polynomial sequences of binomial type. This can be regarded as a generalization of the ordinary Schur functions and the factorial Schur functions. This generalization satisfies some interesting expansion formulas, in which there is a curious duality. Moreover this class includes examples which are useful to describe the eigenvalues of Capelli type central elements of the universal enveloping algebras of classical Lie algebras.
math.RT math.CO
we introduce a class of schur type functions associated with polynomial sequences of binomial type this can be regarded as a generalization of the ordinary schur functions and the factorial schur functions this generalization satisfies some interesting expansion formulas in which there is a curious duality moreover this class includes examples which are useful to describe the eigenvalues of capelli type central elements of the universal enveloping algebras of classical lie algebras
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710.0269
Einstein universes stabilized
The hypothesis that gravitational self-binding energy may be the source for the vacuum energy term of cosmology is studied in a Newtonian Ansatz. For spherical spaces the attractive force of gravitation and the negative pressure of the vacuum energy term form a self stabilizing system under very reasonable restrictions for the parameters, among them a characteristic coefficient \beta of self energy. In the Weyl geometric approach to cosmological redshift, Einstein-Weyl universes with observational restrictions of the curvature parameters are dynamically stable, if \beta is about 40 % smaller than in the exact Newton Ansatz or if the space geometry is elliptical.
gr-qc
the hypothesis that gravitational selfbinding energy may be the source for the vacuum energy term of cosmology is studied in a newtonian ansatz for spherical spaces the attractive force of gravitation and the negative pressure of the vacuum energy term form a self stabilizing system under very reasonable restrictions for the parameters among them a characteristic coefficient beta of self energy in the weyl geometric approach to cosmological redshift einsteinweyl universes with observational restrictions of the curvature parameters are dynamically stable if beta is about 40 smaller than in the exact newton ansatz or if the space geometry is elliptical
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710.027
An Analytical Study of a Structured Overlay in the presence of Dynamic Membership
In this paper we present an analytical study of dynamic membership (aka churn) in structured peer-to-peer networks. We use a fluid model approach to describe steady-state or transient phenomena, and apply it to the Chord system. For any rate of churn and stabilization rates, and any system size, we accurately account for the functional form of the probability of network disconnection as well as the fraction of failed or incorrect successor and finger pointers. We show how we can use these quantities to predict both the performance and consistency of lookups under churn. All theoretical predictions match simulation results. The analysis includes both features that are generic to structured overlays deploying a ring as well as Chord-specific details, and opens the door to a systematic comparative analysis of, at least, ring-based structured overlay systems under churn.
cs.NI cond-mat.stat-mech cs.DC
in this paper we present an analytical study of dynamic membership aka churn in structured peertopeer networks we use a fluid model approach to describe steadystate or transient phenomena and apply it to the chord system for any rate of churn and stabilization rates and any system size we accurately account for the functional form of the probability of network disconnection as well as the fraction of failed or incorrect successor and finger pointers we show how we can use these quantities to predict both the performance and consistency of lookups under churn all theoretical predictions match simulation results the analysis includes both features that are generic to structured overlays deploying a ring as well as chordspecific details and opens the door to a systematic comparative analysis of at least ringbased structured overlay systems under churn
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710.0271
Hyperbolic Conservation Laws and Hydrodynamic Limit for Particle Systems
We study the following class of scalar hyperbolic conservation laws with discontinuous fluxes: \partial_t\rho+\partial_xF(x,\rho)=0. The main feature of such a conservation law is the discontinuity of the flux function in the space variable x. Kruzkov's approach for the L1-contraction does not apply since it requires the Lipschitz continuity of the flux function; and entropy solutions even for the Riemann problem are not unique under the classical entropy conditions. On the other hand, it is known that, in statistical mechanics, some microscopic interacting particle systems with discontinuous speed parameter lambda(x), in the hydrodynamic limit, formally lead to scalar hyperbolic conservation laws with discontinuous fluxes of the form: \partial_t\rho+\partial_x(\lambda(x)h(\rho))=0. The natural question arises which entropy solutions the hydrodynamic limit selects, thereby leading to a suitable, physical relevant notion of entropy solutions of this class of conservation laws. This paper is a first step and provides an answer to this question for a family of discontinuous flux functions. In particular, we identify the entropy condition for our PDE and proceed to show the well-posedness by combining our existence result with a uniqueness result of Audusse-Perthame (2005) for the family of flux functions; we establish a compactness framework for the hydrodynamic limit of large particle systems and the convergence of other approximate solutions to our PDE, which is based on the notion and reduction of measure-valued entropy solutions; and we finally establish the hydrodynamic limit for a ZRP with discontinuous speed-parameter governed by an entropy solution to our PDE.
math.AP math-ph math.MP
we study the following class of scalar hyperbolic conservation laws with discontinuous fluxes partial_trhopartial_xfxrho0 the main feature of such a conservation law is the discontinuity of the flux function in the space variable x kruzkovs approach for the l1contraction does not apply since it requires the lipschitz continuity of the flux function and entropy solutions even for the riemann problem are not unique under the classical entropy conditions on the other hand it is known that in statistical mechanics some microscopic interacting particle systems with discontinuous speed parameter lambdax in the hydrodynamic limit formally lead to scalar hyperbolic conservation laws with discontinuous fluxes of the form partial_trhopartial_xlambdaxhrho0 the natural question arises which entropy solutions the hydrodynamic limit selects thereby leading to a suitable physical relevant notion of entropy solutions of this class of conservation laws this paper is a first step and provides an answer to this question for a family of discontinuous flux functions in particular we identify the entropy condition for our pde and proceed to show the wellposedness by combining our existence result with a uniqueness result of audusseperthame 2005 for the family of flux functions we establish a compactness framework for the hydrodynamic limit of large particle systems and the convergence of other approximate solutions to our pde which is based on the notion and reduction of measurevalued entropy solutions and we finally establish the hydrodynamic limit for a zrp with discontinuous speedparameter governed by an entropy solution to our pde
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710.0272
The ANTARES neutrino telescope: a status report
ANTARES is a large volume neutrino telescope currently under construction off La Seyne-sur-mer, France, at 2475m depth. Neutrino telescopes aim at detecting neutrinos as a new probe for a sky study at energies greater than 1 TeV. The detection principle relies on the observation, using photomultipliers, of the Cherenkov light emitted by charged leptons induced by neutrino interactions in the surrounding detector medium. Since late January 2007, the ANTARES detector consists of 5 lines, comprising 75 optical detectors each, connected to the shore via a 40 km long undersea cable. The data from these lines not only allow an extensive study of the detector properties but also the reconstruction of downward going cosmic ray muons and the search for the first upward going neutrino induced muons.The operation of these lines follows on from that of the ANTARES instrumentation line, which has provided data for more than a year on the detector stability and the environmental conditions. The full 12 line detector is planned to be fully operational early 2008.
astro-ph
antares is a large volume neutrino telescope currently under construction off la seynesurmer france at 2475m depth neutrino telescopes aim at detecting neutrinos as a new probe for a sky study at energies greater than 1 tev the detection principle relies on the observation using photomultipliers of the cherenkov light emitted by charged leptons induced by neutrino interactions in the surrounding detector medium since late january 2007 the antares detector consists of 5 lines comprising 75 optical detectors each connected to the shore via a 40 km long undersea cable the data from these lines not only allow an extensive study of the detector properties but also the reconstruction of downward going cosmic ray muons and the search for the first upward going neutrino induced muonsthe operation of these lines follows on from that of the antares instrumentation line which has provided data for more than a year on the detector stability and the environmental conditions the full 12 line detector is planned to be fully operational early 2008
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710.0273
Deflection of ultra slow light under gravity
Recent experiments on ultra slow light in strongly dispersive media by several research groups reporting slowing down of the optical pulses down to speeds of a few metres per second encourage us to examine the intriguing possibility of detecting a deflection or fall of the ultra slow light under Earth's gravity, i.e., on the laboratory length scale. In the absence of a usable general relativistic theory of light waves propagating in such a strongly dispersive optical medium in the presence of a gravitational field, we present a geometrical optics based derivation that combines {\it the effective gravitational refractive index} additively with the usual optical dispersion. It gives a deflection, or the vertical fall $\Delta$ for a horizontal traversal $L$ as \[ \Delta = \frac{L^2}{2}\big(\frac{R_{\oplus G}}{R_\oplus^2}\big) n_g \big(\frac{1}{1+n_g\frac{R_{\oplus G}}{R_\oplus}}\big), \] where $R_{\oplus G}/R_\oplus$ is the ratio of the gravitational Earth radius($R_{\oplus G}$) to its geometrical radius $R_\oplus$, and $n_g$ is the group refractive index of the strongly dispersive optical medium. The expression is essentailly that for the Newtonian fall of an object projected horizontally with the group speed $v_g=c/n_g$, and is tunable refractively through the index $n_g$. For $L \sim 1 m$ and $n_g = c/v_g \sim 10^8$ (corresponding to the ultra-slow pulse speed $\sim few \times 1 ms^{-1}$), we obtain a fall $\Delta \sim 1 \mu m$, that should be measurable $-$ in particular through its sensitive dependence on the frequency that tunes $n_g$.
physics.optics physics.atom-ph
recent experiments on ultra slow light in strongly dispersive media by several research groups reporting slowing down of the optical pulses down to speeds of a few metres per second encourage us to examine the intriguing possibility of detecting a deflection or fall of the ultra slow light under earths gravity ie on the laboratory length scale in the absence of a usable general relativistic theory of light waves propagating in such a strongly dispersive optical medium in the presence of a gravitational field we present a geometrical optics based derivation that combines it the effective gravitational refractive index additively with the usual optical dispersion it gives a deflection or the vertical fall delta for a horizontal traversal l as delta fracl22bigfracr_oplus gr_oplus2big n_g bigfrac11n_gfracr_oplus gr_oplusbig where r_oplus gr_oplus is the ratio of the gravitational earth radiusr_oplus g to its geometrical radius r_oplus and n_g is the group refractive index of the strongly dispersive optical medium the expression is essentailly that for the newtonian fall of an object projected horizontally with the group speed v_gcn_g and is tunable refractively through the index n_g for l sim 1 m and n_g cv_g sim 108 corresponding to the ultraslow pulse speed sim few times 1 ms1 we obtain a fall delta sim 1 mu m that should be measurable in particular through its sensitive dependence on the frequency that tunes n_g
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710.0274
About calculation of traces of Dirac $\gamma$-matrices contracted with massless vectors in Minkowski space
A new method for calculation of traces of Dirac $\gamma$-matrices contracted with massless vectors in Minkowski space is discussed
hep-ph
a new method for calculation of traces of dirac gammamatrices contracted with massless vectors in minkowski space is discussed
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710.0275
Quantum Zeno Effect in Cavity QED: Experimental Proposal with Non Ideal Cavities and Detectors
We propose an experiment with two coupled microwave cavities and a "tunneling" photon observed by the passage of Rydberg atoms. We model the coupled cavities as in Ref. \cite{art1} and include dissipative effects as well as limited detection efficiency. We also consider realistic finite atom-field interaction times and provide for a simple analytical expression for the photon "tunneling" probability including all these effects. We show that for sufficiently small dissipation constants the effect can be observed with current experimental facilities.
quant-ph
we propose an experiment with two coupled microwave cavities and a tunneling photon observed by the passage of rydberg atoms we model the coupled cavities as in ref citeart1 and include dissipative effects as well as limited detection efficiency we also consider realistic finite atomfield interaction times and provide for a simple analytical expression for the photon tunneling probability including all these effects we show that for sufficiently small dissipation constants the effect can be observed with current experimental facilities
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710.0276
Molecular dynamics study of contact mechanics: contact area and interfacial separation from small to full contact
We report a molecular dynamics study of the contact between a rigid solid with a randomly rough surface and an elastic block with a flat surface. We study the contact area and the interfacial separation from small contact (low load) to full contact (high load). For small load the contact area varies linearly with the load and the interfacial separation depends logarithmically on the load. For high load the contact area approaches to the nominal contact area (i.e., complete contact), and the interfacial separation approaches to zero. The present results may be very important for soft solids, e.g., rubber, or for very smooth surfaces, where complete contact can be reached at moderate high loads without plastic deformation of the solids.
cond-mat.soft
we report a molecular dynamics study of the contact between a rigid solid with a randomly rough surface and an elastic block with a flat surface we study the contact area and the interfacial separation from small contact low load to full contact high load for small load the contact area varies linearly with the load and the interfacial separation depends logarithmically on the load for high load the contact area approaches to the nominal contact area ie complete contact and the interfacial separation approaches to zero the present results may be very important for soft solids eg rubber or for very smooth surfaces where complete contact can be reached at moderate high loads without plastic deformation of the solids
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710.0277
Quantum Gowdy $T^3$ Model: Schrodinger Representation with Unitary Dynamics
The linearly polarized Gowdy $T^3$ model is paradigmatic for studying technical and conceptual issues in the quest for a quantum theory of gravity since, after a suitable and almost complete gauge fixing, it becomes an exactly soluble midisuperspace model. Recently, a new quantization of the model, possessing desired features such as a unitary implementation of the gauge group and of the time evolution, has been put forward and proven to be essentially unique. An appropriate setting for making contact with other approaches to canonical quantum gravity is provided by the Schr\"odinger representation, where states are functionals on the configuration space of the theory. Here we construct this functional description, analyze the time evolution in this context and show that it is also unitary when restricted to physical states, i.e. states which are solutions to the remaining constraint of the theory.
gr-qc
the linearly polarized gowdy t3 model is paradigmatic for studying technical and conceptual issues in the quest for a quantum theory of gravity since after a suitable and almost complete gauge fixing it becomes an exactly soluble midisuperspace model recently a new quantization of the model possessing desired features such as a unitary implementation of the gauge group and of the time evolution has been put forward and proven to be essentially unique an appropriate setting for making contact with other approaches to canonical quantum gravity is provided by the schrodinger representation where states are functionals on the configuration space of the theory here we construct this functional description analyze the time evolution in this context and show that it is also unitary when restricted to physical states ie states which are solutions to the remaining constraint of the theory
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710.0278
Demonstrating anyonic fractional statistics with a six-qubit quantum simulator
Anyons are exotic quasiparticles living in two dimensions that do not fit into the usual categories of fermions and bosons, but obey a new form of fractional statistics. Following a recent proposal [Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 150404 (2007)], we present an experimental demonstration of the fractional statistics of anyons in the Kitaev spin lattice model using a photonic quantum simulator. We dynamically create the ground state and excited states (which are six-qubit graph states) of the Kitaev model Hamiltonian, and implement the anyonic braiding and fusion operations by single-qubit rotations. A phase shift of $\pi$ related to the anyon braiding is observed, confirming the prediction of the fractional statistics of Abelian 1/2-anyons.
quant-ph cond-mat.stat-mech
anyons are exotic quasiparticles living in two dimensions that do not fit into the usual categories of fermions and bosons but obey a new form of fractional statistics following a recent proposal phys rev lett 98 150404 2007 we present an experimental demonstration of the fractional statistics of anyons in the kitaev spin lattice model using a photonic quantum simulator we dynamically create the ground state and excited states which are sixqubit graph states of the kitaev model hamiltonian and implement the anyonic braiding and fusion operations by singlequbit rotations a phase shift of pi related to the anyon braiding is observed confirming the prediction of the fractional statistics of abelian 12anyons
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710.0279
Zariski $k$-plets via dessins d'enfants
We construct exponentially large collections of pairwise distinct equisingular deformation families of irreducible plane curves sharing the same sets of singularities. The fundamental groups of all curves constructed are abelian.
math.AG
we construct exponentially large collections of pairwise distinct equisingular deformation families of irreducible plane curves sharing the same sets of singularities the fundamental groups of all curves constructed are abelian
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710.028
New Cardiovascular Indices Based on a Nonlinear Spectral Analysis of Arterial Blood Pressure Waveforms
A new method for analyzing arterial blood pressure is presented in this report. The technique is based on the scattering transform and consists in solving the spectral problem associated to a one-dimensional Schr\"odinger operator with a potential depending linearly upon the pressure. This potential is then expressed with the discrete spectrum which includes negative eigenvalues and corresponds to the interacting components of an N-soliton. The approach is similar to a nonlinear Fourier transform where the solitons play the role of sine and cosine components. The method provides new cardiovascular indices that seem to contain relevant physiological information. We first show how to use this approach to decompose the arterial blood pressure pulse into elementary waves and to reconstruct it or to separate its systolic and diastolic phases. Then we analyse the parameters computed from this technique in two physiological conditions, the head-up 60 degrees tilt test and the isometric handgrip test, widely used for studying short term cardiovascular control. Promising results are obtained.
math-ph math.MP
a new method for analyzing arterial blood pressure is presented in this report the technique is based on the scattering transform and consists in solving the spectral problem associated to a onedimensional schrodinger operator with a potential depending linearly upon the pressure this potential is then expressed with the discrete spectrum which includes negative eigenvalues and corresponds to the interacting components of an nsoliton the approach is similar to a nonlinear fourier transform where the solitons play the role of sine and cosine components the method provides new cardiovascular indices that seem to contain relevant physiological information we first show how to use this approach to decompose the arterial blood pressure pulse into elementary waves and to reconstruct it or to separate its systolic and diastolic phases then we analyse the parameters computed from this technique in two physiological conditions the headup 60 degrees tilt test and the isometric handgrip test widely used for studying short term cardiovascular control promising results are obtained
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710.0281
How to reveal the mysteries of the most obscured high-energy sources of our Galaxy, discovered by INTEGRAL?
A new type of high-energy binary systems has been revealed by the INTEGRAL satellite. These sources are in the course of being unveiled by means of multi-wavelength optical, near- and mid-infrared observations. Among these sources, two distinct classes are appearing: the first one is constituted of intrinsically obscured high-energy sources, of which IGR J16318-4848 seems to be the most extreme example. The second one is populated by the so-called supergiant fast X-ray transients, with IGR J17544-2619 being the archetype. We report here on multi-wavelength optical to mid-infrared observations of these systems. We show that in the case of the obscured sources our observations suggest the presence of absorbing material (dust and/or cold gas) enshrouding the whole binary system. We then discuss the nature of these two different types of systems.
astro-ph
a new type of highenergy binary systems has been revealed by the integral satellite these sources are in the course of being unveiled by means of multiwavelength optical near and midinfrared observations among these sources two distinct classes are appearing the first one is constituted of intrinsically obscured highenergy sources of which igr j163184848 seems to be the most extreme example the second one is populated by the socalled supergiant fast xray transients with igr j175442619 being the archetype we report here on multiwavelength optical to midinfrared observations of these systems we show that in the case of the obscured sources our observations suggest the presence of absorbing material dust andor cold gas enshrouding the whole binary system we then discuss the nature of these two different types of systems
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710.0282
Constraints on the three-fluid model of curvaton decay
A three fluid system describing the decay of the curvaton is studied by numerical and analytical means. We place constraints on the allowed interaction strengths between the fluids and initial curvaton density by requiring that the curvaton decays before nucleosynthesis while nucleosynthesis, radiation-matter equality and decoupling occur at correct temperatures. We find that with a continuous, time-independent interaction, a small initial curvaton density is naturally preferred along with a low reheating temperature. Allowing for a time-dependent interaction, this constraint can be relaxed. In both cases, a purely adiabatic final state can be generated, but not without fine-tuning. Unlike in the two fluid system, the time-dependent interactions are found to have a small effect on the curvature perturbation itself due to the different nature of the system. The presence of non-gaussianity in the model is discussed.
astro-ph
a three fluid system describing the decay of the curvaton is studied by numerical and analytical means we place constraints on the allowed interaction strengths between the fluids and initial curvaton density by requiring that the curvaton decays before nucleosynthesis while nucleosynthesis radiationmatter equality and decoupling occur at correct temperatures we find that with a continuous timeindependent interaction a small initial curvaton density is naturally preferred along with a low reheating temperature allowing for a timedependent interaction this constraint can be relaxed in both cases a purely adiabatic final state can be generated but not without finetuning unlike in the two fluid system the timedependent interactions are found to have a small effect on the curvature perturbation itself due to the different nature of the system the presence of nongaussianity in the model is discussed
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710.0283
Heegner divisors, $L$-functions and harmonic weak Maass forms
Recent works, mostly related to Ramanujan's mock theta functions, make use of the fact that harmonic weak Maass forms can be combinatorial generating functions. Generalizing works of Waldspurger, Kohnen and Zagier, we prove that such forms also serve as "generating functions" for central values and derivatives of quadratic twists of weight 2 modular $L$-functions. To obtain these results, we construct differentials of the third kind with twisted Heegner divisor by suitably generalizing the Borcherds lift to harmonic weak Maass forms. The connection with periods, Fourier coefficients, derivatives of $L$-functions, and points in the Jacobian of modular curves is obtained by analyzing the properties of these differentials using works of Scholl, Waldschmidt, and Gross and Zagier.
math.NT math.AG
recent works mostly related to ramanujans mock theta functions make use of the fact that harmonic weak maass forms can be combinatorial generating functions generalizing works of waldspurger kohnen and zagier we prove that such forms also serve as generating functions for central values and derivatives of quadratic twists of weight 2 modular lfunctions to obtain these results we construct differentials of the third kind with twisted heegner divisor by suitably generalizing the borcherds lift to harmonic weak maass forms the connection with periods fourier coefficients derivatives of lfunctions and points in the jacobian of modular curves is obtained by analyzing the properties of these differentials using works of scholl waldschmidt and gross and zagier
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710.0284
A Low-temperature 1H NMR Study of H2O and D2O Associated Competitively with Immunoglobulin G in Solution
An approach has been proposed to characterize the competitive association of D2O and to study the heterogeneity of hydration water adsorbed by the protein, immunoglobulin G, using methodology for determining of non-freezing water in mixed H2O-D2O protein solutions by low-temperature 1H NMR technique. Direct data on the numbers of deuteriums adsorbed by immunoglobulin G and isothermals of water (D2O) sorption by the protein for solution hydration conditions were obtained. The preferential binding of D2O as well as the isotopic effect of low D2O concentrations was simply confirmed using this method. The shape of the isothermals, similar to that for polymolecular adsorption, demonstrates relative changes in the fractions of heavy water isotope bound to different groups of protein atoms on decreasing temperature in frozen solution. At -35 deg C the major fractions attached to charged and polar atomic groups appear to be related as 2/3. The adsorption curves indicate the direct relationship of non-freezing water to interface water in protein powders.
physics.gen-ph physics.bio-ph
an approach has been proposed to characterize the competitive association of d2o and to study the heterogeneity of hydration water adsorbed by the protein immunoglobulin g using methodology for determining of nonfreezing water in mixed h2od2o protein solutions by lowtemperature 1h nmr technique direct data on the numbers of deuteriums adsorbed by immunoglobulin g and isothermals of water d2o sorption by the protein for solution hydration conditions were obtained the preferential binding of d2o as well as the isotopic effect of low d2o concentrations was simply confirmed using this method the shape of the isothermals similar to that for polymolecular adsorption demonstrates relative changes in the fractions of heavy water isotope bound to different groups of protein atoms on decreasing temperature in frozen solution at 35 deg c the major fractions attached to charged and polar atomic groups appear to be related as 23 the adsorption curves indicate the direct relationship of nonfreezing water to interface water in protein powders
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710.0285
Quantum-limited metrology with product states
We study the performance of initial product states of n-body systems in generalized quantum metrology protocols that involve estimating an unknown coupling constant in a nonlinear k-body (k << n) Hamiltonian. We obtain the theoretical lower bound on the uncertainty in the estimate of the parameter. For arbitrary initial states, the lower bound scales as 1/n^k, and for initial product states, it scales as 1/n^(k-1/2). We show that the latter scaling can be achieved using simple, separable measurements. We analyze in detail the case of a quadratic Hamiltonian (k = 2), implementable with Bose-Einstein condensates. We formulate a simple model, based on the evolution of angular-momentum coherent states, which explains the O(n^(-3/2)) scaling for k = 2; the model shows that the entanglement generated by the quadratic Hamiltonian does not play a role in the enhanced sensitivity scaling. We show that phase decoherence does not affect the O(n^(-3/2)) sensitivity scaling for initial product states.
quant-ph cond-mat.other
we study the performance of initial product states of nbody systems in generalized quantum metrology protocols that involve estimating an unknown coupling constant in a nonlinear kbody k n hamiltonian we obtain the theoretical lower bound on the uncertainty in the estimate of the parameter for arbitrary initial states the lower bound scales as 1nk and for initial product states it scales as 1nk12 we show that the latter scaling can be achieved using simple separable measurements we analyze in detail the case of a quadratic hamiltonian k 2 implementable with boseeinstein condensates we formulate a simple model based on the evolution of angularmomentum coherent states which explains the on32 scaling for k 2 the model shows that the entanglement generated by the quadratic hamiltonian does not play a role in the enhanced sensitivity scaling we show that phase decoherence does not affect the on32 sensitivity scaling for initial product states
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710.0286
Random Field Potts model with dipolar-like interactions: hysteresis, avalanches and microstructure
A model for the study of hysteresis and avalanches in a first-order phase transition from a single variant phase to a multivariant phase is presented. The model is based on a modification of the Random Field Potts model with metastable dynamics by adding a dipolar interaction term truncated at nearest neighbors. We focus our study on hysteresis loop properties, on the three-dimensional (3D) microstructure formation and on avalanche statistics.
cond-mat.stat-mech
a model for the study of hysteresis and avalanches in a firstorder phase transition from a single variant phase to a multivariant phase is presented the model is based on a modification of the random field potts model with metastable dynamics by adding a dipolar interaction term truncated at nearest neighbors we focus our study on hysteresis loop properties on the threedimensional 3d microstructure formation and on avalanche statistics
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710.0287
A geometric framework for the subfield problem of generic polynomials via Tschirnhausen transformation
Let $k$ be an arbitrary field. We study a general method to solve the subfield problem of generic polynomials for the symmetric groups over $k$ via Tschirnhausen transformation. Based on the general result in the former part, we give an explicit solution to the field isomorphism problem and the subfield problem of cubic generic polynomials for $\frak{S}_3$ and $C_3$ over $k$. As an application of the cubic case, we also give several sextic generic polynomials over $k$.
math.NT math.AG
let k be an arbitrary field we study a general method to solve the subfield problem of generic polynomials for the symmetric groups over k via tschirnhausen transformation based on the general result in the former part we give an explicit solution to the field isomorphism problem and the subfield problem of cubic generic polynomials for fraks_3 and c_3 over k as an application of the cubic case we also give several sextic generic polynomials over k
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710.0288
Possible implications of the channeling effect in NaI(Tl) crystals
The channeling effect of low energy ions along the crystallographic axes and planes of NaI(Tl) crystals is discussed in the framework of corollary investigations on WIMP Dark Matter candidates. In fact, the modeling of this existing effect implies a more complex evaluation of the luminosity yield for low energy recoiling Na and I ions. In the present paper related phenomenological arguments are developed and possible implications are discussed at some extent.
astro-ph
the channeling effect of low energy ions along the crystallographic axes and planes of naitl crystals is discussed in the framework of corollary investigations on wimp dark matter candidates in fact the modeling of this existing effect implies a more complex evaluation of the luminosity yield for low energy recoiling na and i ions in the present paper related phenomenological arguments are developed and possible implications are discussed at some extent
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710.0289
The Form of the Effective Interaction in Harmonic-Oscillator-Based Effective Theory
I explore the form of the effective interaction in harmonic-oscillator-based effective theory (HOBET) in next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N3LO). As the included space in a HOBET (as in the shell model) is defined by the oscillator energy, both long-distance (low-momentum) and short-distance (high-momentum) degrees of freedom reside in the high-energy excluded space. A HOBET effective interaction is developed in which a short-range contact-gradient expansion is combined with an exact summation of the relative kinetic energy. By this means the very strong coupling of the included (P) and excluded (Q) spaces by the kinetic energy is removed. One finds that the interplay of QT and QV is governed by a single parameter kappa, the ratio of an observable, the binding energy |E|, to a parameter in the effective theory, the oscillator energy. Once the functional dependence on kappa is identified, the remaining order-by-order subtraction of the short-range physics residing in Q becomes systematic and rapidly converging. Numerical calculations are used to demonstrate how well the resulting expansion reproduces the running of Heff from high scales to a typical shell-model scale of 8 hbar omega. At N3LO various global properties of Heff are reproduced to a typical accuracy of 0.01%, or about 1 keV. The state-dependence of the effective interaction has been a troubling problem in nuclear physics, and is embodied in the energy dependence of Heff(|E|) in the Bloch-Horowitz formalism. It is shown that almost all of this state dependence is also extracted in the procedures followed here, isolated in the analytic dependence of Heff on kappa. Thus there exists a simple, Hermitian Heff that can be use in spectral calculations.
nucl-th
i explore the form of the effective interaction in harmonicoscillatorbased effective theory hobet in nexttonexttonexttoleading order n3lo as the included space in a hobet as in the shell model is defined by the oscillator energy both longdistance lowmomentum and shortdistance highmomentum degrees of freedom reside in the highenergy excluded space a hobet effective interaction is developed in which a shortrange contactgradient expansion is combined with an exact summation of the relative kinetic energy by this means the very strong coupling of the included p and excluded q spaces by the kinetic energy is removed one finds that the interplay of qt and qv is governed by a single parameter kappa the ratio of an observable the binding energy e to a parameter in the effective theory the oscillator energy once the functional dependence on kappa is identified the remaining orderbyorder subtraction of the shortrange physics residing in q becomes systematic and rapidly converging numerical calculations are used to demonstrate how well the resulting expansion reproduces the running of heff from high scales to a typical shellmodel scale of 8 hbar omega at n3lo various global properties of heff are reproduced to a typical accuracy of 001 or about 1 kev the statedependence of the effective interaction has been a troubling problem in nuclear physics and is embodied in the energy dependence of heffe in the blochhorowitz formalism it is shown that almost all of this state dependence is also extracted in the procedures followed here isolated in the analytic dependence of heff on kappa thus there exists a simple hermitian heff that can be use in spectral calculations
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710.029
Experimental demonstration of a quantum protocol for Byzantine agreement and liar detection
We introduce a new quantum protocol for solving detectable Byzantine agreement (also called detectable broadcast) between three parties, and also for solving the detectable liar detection problem. The protocol is suggested by the properties of a four-qubit entangled state, and the classical part of the protocol is simpler than that of previous proposals. In addition, we present an experimental implementation of the protocol using four-photon entanglement.
quant-ph
we introduce a new quantum protocol for solving detectable byzantine agreement also called detectable broadcast between three parties and also for solving the detectable liar detection problem the protocol is suggested by the properties of a fourqubit entangled state and the classical part of the protocol is simpler than that of previous proposals in addition we present an experimental implementation of the protocol using fourphoton entanglement
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710.0291
On Outage Behavior of Wideband Slow-Fading Channels
This paper investigates point-to-point information transmission over a wideband slow-fading channel, modeled as an (asymptotically) large number of independent identically distributed parallel channels, with the random channel fading realizations remaining constant over the entire coding block. On the one hand, in the wideband limit the minimum achievable energy per nat required for reliable transmission, as a random variable, converges in probability to certain deterministic quantity. On the other hand, the exponential decay rate of the outage probability, termed as the wideband outage exponent, characterizes how the number of parallel channels, {\it i.e.}, the ``bandwidth'', should asymptotically scale in order to achieve a targeted outage probability at a targeted energy per nat. We examine two scenarios: when the transmitter has no channel state information and adopts uniform transmit power allocation among parallel channels; and when the transmitter is endowed with an one-bit channel state feedback for each parallel channel and accordingly allocates its transmit power. For both scenarios, we evaluate the wideband minimum energy per nat and the wideband outage exponent, and discuss their implication for system performance.
cs.IT math.IT
this paper investigates pointtopoint information transmission over a wideband slowfading channel modeled as an asymptotically large number of independent identically distributed parallel channels with the random channel fading realizations remaining constant over the entire coding block on the one hand in the wideband limit the minimum achievable energy per nat required for reliable transmission as a random variable converges in probability to certain deterministic quantity on the other hand the exponential decay rate of the outage probability termed as the wideband outage exponent characterizes how the number of parallel channels it ie the bandwidth should asymptotically scale in order to achieve a targeted outage probability at a targeted energy per nat we examine two scenarios when the transmitter has no channel state information and adopts uniform transmit power allocation among parallel channels and when the transmitter is endowed with an onebit channel state feedback for each parallel channel and accordingly allocates its transmit power for both scenarios we evaluate the wideband minimum energy per nat and the wideband outage exponent and discuss their implication for system performance
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710.0292
Obscured sources and Supergiant Fast X-ray Transients: new classes of high mass X-ray binaries
A new type of high-energy binary systems has been revealed by the INTEGRAL satellite. These sources are in the course of being unveiled by means of multi-wavelength optical, near- and mid-infrared observations. Among these sources, two distinct classes are appearing: the first one is constituted of intrinsically obscured high-energy sources, of which IGR J16318-4848 seems to be the most extreme example. The second one is populated by the so-called supergiant fast X-ray transients, with IGR J17544-2619 being the archetype. We report here on multi-wavelength optical to mid-infrared observations of a sample of 21 INTEGRAL sources. We show that in the case of the obscured sources our observations suggest the presence of absorbing material (dust and/or cold gas) enshrouding the whole binary system. We finally discuss the nature of these two different types of sources, in the context of high energy binary systems.
astro-ph
a new type of highenergy binary systems has been revealed by the integral satellite these sources are in the course of being unveiled by means of multiwavelength optical near and midinfrared observations among these sources two distinct classes are appearing the first one is constituted of intrinsically obscured highenergy sources of which igr j163184848 seems to be the most extreme example the second one is populated by the socalled supergiant fast xray transients with igr j175442619 being the archetype we report here on multiwavelength optical to midinfrared observations of a sample of 21 integral sources we show that in the case of the obscured sources our observations suggest the presence of absorbing material dust andor cold gas enshrouding the whole binary system we finally discuss the nature of these two different types of sources in the context of high energy binary systems
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710.0293
Continuum limit of self-driven particles with orientation interaction
We consider the discrete Couzin-Vicsek algorithm (CVA), which describes the interactions of individuals among animal societies such as fish schools. In this article, we propose a kinetic (mean-field) version of the CVA model and provide its formal macroscopic limit. The final macroscopic model involves a conservation equation for the density of the individuals and a non conservative equation for the director of the mean velocity and is proved to be hyperbolic. The derivation is based on the introduction of a non-conventional concept of a collisional invariant of a collision operator.
math-ph math.MP
we consider the discrete couzinvicsek algorithm cva which describes the interactions of individuals among animal societies such as fish schools in this article we propose a kinetic meanfield version of the cva model and provide its formal macroscopic limit the final macroscopic model involves a conservation equation for the density of the individuals and a non conservative equation for the director of the mean velocity and is proved to be hyperbolic the derivation is based on the introduction of a nonconventional concept of a collisional invariant of a collision operator
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710.0294
Thin and dressed Polyakov loops from spectral sums of lattice differential operators
We represent thin and dressed Polyakov loops as spectral sums of eigenvalues of differential operators on the lattice. For that purpose we calculate complete sets of eigenvalues of the staggered Dirac and the covariant Laplace operator for several temporal boundary conditions. The spectra from different boundary conditions can be combined such that they represent single (thin) Polyakov loops, or a collection of loops (dressed Polyakov loops). We analyze the role of the eigenvalues in the spectral sums below and above the critical temperature.
hep-lat
we represent thin and dressed polyakov loops as spectral sums of eigenvalues of differential operators on the lattice for that purpose we calculate complete sets of eigenvalues of the staggered dirac and the covariant laplace operator for several temporal boundary conditions the spectra from different boundary conditions can be combined such that they represent single thin polyakov loops or a collection of loops dressed polyakov loops we analyze the role of the eigenvalues in the spectral sums below and above the critical temperature
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710.0295
Equation of motion of an interstellar Bussard ramjet with radiation and mass losses
An interstellar Bussard ramjet is a spaceship using the protons of the interstellar medium in a fusion engine to produce thrust. In recent papers, it was shown that the relativistic equation of motion of an ideal ramjet and of a ramjet with radiation loss are analytical. When a mass loss appears, the limit speed of the ramjet is more strongly reduced. But, the parametric equations, in terms of the ramjet's speed, for the position of the ramjet in the inertial frame of the interstellar medium, the time in this frame, and the proper time indicated by the clocks on board the spaceship, can still be obtained in an analytical form. The non-relativistic motion and the motion near the limit speed are studied.
physics.class-ph physics.space-ph
an interstellar bussard ramjet is a spaceship using the protons of the interstellar medium in a fusion engine to produce thrust in recent papers it was shown that the relativistic equation of motion of an ideal ramjet and of a ramjet with radiation loss are analytical when a mass loss appears the limit speed of the ramjet is more strongly reduced but the parametric equations in terms of the ramjets speed for the position of the ramjet in the inertial frame of the interstellar medium the time in this frame and the proper time indicated by the clocks on board the spaceship can still be obtained in an analytical form the nonrelativistic motion and the motion near the limit speed are studied
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710.0296
On the unipotent support of character sheaves
Let $G$ be a connected reductive group over $F_q$, where $q$ is large enough and the center of $G$ is connected. We are concerned with Lusztig's theory of {\em character sheaves}, a geometric version of the classical character theory of the finite group $G(F_q)$. We show that under a certain technical condition, the restriction of a character sheaf to its {\em unipotent support} (as defined by Lusztig) is either zero or an irreducible local system. As an application, the generalized Gelfand-Graev characters are shown to form a $\Z$-basis of the $\Z$-module of unipotently supported virtual characters of $G(F_q)$ (Kawanaka's conjecture).
math.RT
let g be a connected reductive group over f_q where q is large enough and the center of g is connected we are concerned with lusztigs theory of em character sheaves a geometric version of the classical character theory of the finite group gf_q we show that under a certain technical condition the restriction of a character sheaf to its em unipotent support as defined by lusztig is either zero or an irreducible local system as an application the generalized gelfandgraev characters are shown to form a zbasis of the zmodule of unipotently supported virtual characters of gf_q kawanakas conjecture
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710.0297
GL(2,R) geometry of ODE's
We study five dimensional geometries associated with the 5-dimensional irreducible representation of GL(2,R). These are special Weyl geometries in signature (3,2) having the structure group reduced from CO(3,2) to GL(2,R). The reduction is obtained by means of a conformal class of totally symmetric 3-tensors. Among all GL(2,R) geometries we distinguish a subclass which we term `nearly integrable GL(2,R)geometries'. These define a unique gl(2,R) connection which has totally skew symmetric torsion. This torsion splits onto the GL(2,R) irreducible components having respective dimensions 3 and 7. We prove that on the solution space of every 5th order ODE satisfying certain three nonlinear differential conditions there exists a nearly integrable GL(2,R) geometry such that the skew symmetric torsion of its unique gl(2,R) connection is very special. In contrast to an arbitrary nearly integrable GL(2,R) geometry, it belongs to the 3-dimensional irreducible representation of GL(2,R). The conditions for the existence of the structure are lower order equivalents of the Doubrov-Wilczynski conditions found recently by Boris Doubrov [7]. We provide nontrivial examples of 5th order ODEs satisfying the three nonlinear differential conditions, which in turn provides examples of inhomogeneous GL(2,R) geometries in dimension five, with torsion in R^3. We also outline the theory and the basic properties of GL(2,R) geometries associated with n-dimensional irreducible representations of GL(2,R) in 5<n<10. In particular we give conditions for an n-th order ODE to possess this geometry on its solution space.
math.DG
we study five dimensional geometries associated with the 5dimensional irreducible representation of gl2r these are special weyl geometries in signature 32 having the structure group reduced from co32 to gl2r the reduction is obtained by means of a conformal class of totally symmetric 3tensors among all gl2r geometries we distinguish a subclass which we term nearly integrable gl2rgeometries these define a unique gl2r connection which has totally skew symmetric torsion this torsion splits onto the gl2r irreducible components having respective dimensions 3 and 7 we prove that on the solution space of every 5th order ode satisfying certain three nonlinear differential conditions there exists a nearly integrable gl2r geometry such that the skew symmetric torsion of its unique gl2r connection is very special in contrast to an arbitrary nearly integrable gl2r geometry it belongs to the 3dimensional irreducible representation of gl2r the conditions for the existence of the structure are lower order equivalents of the doubrovwilczynski conditions found recently by boris doubrov 7 we provide nontrivial examples of 5th order odes satisfying the three nonlinear differential conditions which in turn provides examples of inhomogeneous gl2r geometries in dimension five with torsion in r3 we also outline the theory and the basic properties of gl2r geometries associated with ndimensional irreducible representations of gl2r in 5n10 in particular we give conditions for an nth order ode to possess this geometry on its solution space
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710.0298
Monitoring of Transient Black Hole Candidates observed in the INTEGRAL survey
The INTEGRAL/IBIS survey was performed collecting all the GPS and GCDE data together with all the available public data . The second catalogue, published in 2006 by Bird et al., is dominated by detection of 113 X-ray binaries, with 38 being high-mass and 67 low-mass. In most systems the compact object is a neutron star, but the sample also contains 4 confirmed Black Holes and 6 LMXB black hole candidates (BHC). There are also, in additional, 6 tentative associations as BHCs based simply on spectral and timing properties. In the sample of 12 sources (BHC and tentatively associated BHC) there are 7 transient sources that went into outbursts during the INTEGRAL survey observations. We present here the monitoring of the time and spectral evolution of these 7 outbursts.
astro-ph
the integralibis survey was performed collecting all the gps and gcde data together with all the available public data the second catalogue published in 2006 by bird et al is dominated by detection of 113 xray binaries with 38 being highmass and 67 lowmass in most systems the compact object is a neutron star but the sample also contains 4 confirmed black holes and 6 lmxb black hole candidates bhc there are also in additional 6 tentative associations as bhcs based simply on spectral and timing properties in the sample of 12 sources bhc and tentatively associated bhc there are 7 transient sources that went into outbursts during the integral survey observations we present here the monitoring of the time and spectral evolution of these 7 outbursts
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710.0299
Nonabelian solutions in a Melvin magnetic universe
We show the existence of D=4 nonabelian solutions approaching asymptotically a dilatonic Melvin spacetime background. An exact solution generalizing the Chamseddine-Volkov soliton for a nonzero external U(1) magnetic field is also reported.
hep-th
we show the existence of d4 nonabelian solutions approaching asymptotically a dilatonic melvin spacetime background an exact solution generalizing the chamseddinevolkov soliton for a nonzero external u1 magnetic field is also reported
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710.03
The contribution of very massive high-redshift SWIRE galaxies to the stellar mass function
(Abridged) We selected high-z massive galaxies at 5.8 microns, in the SWIRE ELAIS-S1 field (1 sq. deg.). Galaxies with the 1.6 microns stellar peak redshifted into the IRAC bands (z~1-3, called ``IR-peakers'') were identified. Stellar masses were derived by means of spectro-photometric fitting and used to compute the stellar mass function (MF) at z=1-2 and 2-3. A parametric fit to the MF was performed, based on a Bayesian formalism, and the stellar mass density of massive galaxies above z=2 determined. We present the first systematic study of the very-massive tail of the galaxy stellar mass function at high redshift. A total of 326 sources were selected. The majority of these galaxies have stellar masses in excess of 1e11 Msun and lie at z>1.5. The availability of mid-IR data turned out to be a valuable tool to constrain the contribution of young stars to galaxy SEDs, and thus their M(stars)/L ratio. The influence of near-IR data and of the chosen stellar library on the SED fitting are also discussed. A significant evolution is found not only for galaxies with M~1e11 Msun, but also in the highest mass bins considered. The comoving number density of these galaxies was lower by more than a factor of 10 at z=2-3, with respect to the local estimate. SWIRE 5.8 micron peakers more massive than 1.6x1e11 Msun provide 30-50% of the total stellar mass density in galaxies at z=2-3.
astro-ph
abridged we selected highz massive galaxies at 58 microns in the swire elaiss1 field 1 sq deg galaxies with the 16 microns stellar peak redshifted into the irac bands z13 called irpeakers were identified stellar masses were derived by means of spectrophotometric fitting and used to compute the stellar mass function mf at z12 and 23 a parametric fit to the mf was performed based on a bayesian formalism and the stellar mass density of massive galaxies above z2 determined we present the first systematic study of the verymassive tail of the galaxy stellar mass function at high redshift a total of 326 sources were selected the majority of these galaxies have stellar masses in excess of 1e11 msun and lie at z15 the availability of midir data turned out to be a valuable tool to constrain the contribution of young stars to galaxy seds and thus their mstarsl ratio the influence of nearir data and of the chosen stellar library on the sed fitting are also discussed a significant evolution is found not only for galaxies with m1e11 msun but also in the highest mass bins considered the comoving number density of these galaxies was lower by more than a factor of 10 at z23 with respect to the local estimate swire 58 micron peakers more massive than 16x1e11 msun provide 3050 of the total stellar mass density in galaxies at z23
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710.0301
Spacetime: Arena or Reality?
For small values of the mass (in relation to the angular momentum and electric charge), the Kerr-Newman (KN) solution of Einstein equation reduces to a naked singularity of circular shape. By considering the Hawking and Ellis extended interpretation of the KN spacetime, as well as Wheeler's idea of "charge without charge", the non-trivial topological structure of the extended KN spatial section is found to represent gravitational states with half-integral angular momentum. As a consequence, it can be consistently interpreted as a model for the electron-positron system, in which the concepts of mass, charge and spin emerge from the spacetime geometry. According to this model, therefore, instead of a simple arena, spacetime must have a concrete existence, being responsible -- through its highly non-trivial topological structures -- for the building blocks of (at least some of) the existing matter in the universe.
gr-qc hep-th
for small values of the mass in relation to the angular momentum and electric charge the kerrnewman kn solution of einstein equation reduces to a naked singularity of circular shape by considering the hawking and ellis extended interpretation of the kn spacetime as well as wheelers idea of charge without charge the nontrivial topological structure of the extended kn spatial section is found to represent gravitational states with halfintegral angular momentum as a consequence it can be consistently interpreted as a model for the electronpositron system in which the concepts of mass charge and spin emerge from the spacetime geometry according to this model therefore instead of a simple arena spacetime must have a concrete existence being responsible through its highly nontrivial topological structures for the building blocks of at least some of the existing matter in the universe
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710.0302
A Protocol For Cooling and Controlling Composite Systems by Local Interactions
We discuss an explicit protocol which allows one to externally cool and control a composite system by operating on a small subset of it. The scheme permits to transfer arbitrary and unknown quantum states from a memory on the network ("upload access") as well as the inverse ("download access"). In particular it yields a method for cooling the system.
quant-ph
we discuss an explicit protocol which allows one to externally cool and control a composite system by operating on a small subset of it the scheme permits to transfer arbitrary and unknown quantum states from a memory on the network upload access as well as the inverse download access in particular it yields a method for cooling the system
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710.0303
Polyelectrolyte-Compression Forces between Spherical DNA Brushes
Optical tweezers are employed to measure the forces of interaction within a single pair of DNA-grafted colloids in dependence of the molecular weight of the DNA-chains, and the concentration and valence of the surrounding ionic medium. The resulting forces are short-range and set in as the surface-to-surface distance between the colloidal cores reaches the value of the brush height. The measured force-distance dependence is analyzed by means of a theoretical treatment based on the compression of the chains on the surface of the opposite-lying colloid. Quantitative agreement with the experiment is obtained for all parameter combinations.
cond-mat.soft
optical tweezers are employed to measure the forces of interaction within a single pair of dnagrafted colloids in dependence of the molecular weight of the dnachains and the concentration and valence of the surrounding ionic medium the resulting forces are shortrange and set in as the surfacetosurface distance between the colloidal cores reaches the value of the brush height the measured forcedistance dependence is analyzed by means of a theoretical treatment based on the compression of the chains on the surface of the oppositelying colloid quantitative agreement with the experiment is obtained for all parameter combinations
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710.0304
Effects of temperature and surface step on the incipient plasticity in strained aluminium studied by atomistic simulations
Atomistic simulations using an EAM potential are carried out to investigate the first stages of plasticity in aluminum slabs, in particular the effect of both temperature and step geometry on the nucleation of dislocations from surface steps. Temperature is shown to significantly reduce the elastic limit, and to activate the nucleation of dislocation half-loops. Twinning occurs by successive nucleations in adjacent glide planes. The presence of a kinked step is shown to have no influence on the nucleation mechanisms.
cond-mat.other
atomistic simulations using an eam potential are carried out to investigate the first stages of plasticity in aluminum slabs in particular the effect of both temperature and step geometry on the nucleation of dislocations from surface steps temperature is shown to significantly reduce the elastic limit and to activate the nucleation of dislocation halfloops twinning occurs by successive nucleations in adjacent glide planes the presence of a kinked step is shown to have no influence on the nucleation mechanisms
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710.0305
Homology and K--Theory Methods for Classes of Branes Wrapping Nontrivial Cycles
We apply some methods of homology and K-theory to special classes of branes wrapping homologically nontrivial cycles. We treat the classification of four-geometries in terms of compact stabilizers (by analogy with Thurston's classification of three-geometries) and derive the K-amenability of Lie groups associated with locally symmetric spaces listed in this case. More complicated examples of T-duality and topology change from fluxes are also considered. We analyse D-branes and fluxes in type II string theory on ${\mathbb C}P^3\times \Sigma_g \times {\mathbb T}^2$ with torsion $H-$flux and demonstrate in details the conjectured T-duality to ${\mathbb R}P^7\times X^3$ with no flux. In the simple case of $X^3 = {\mathbb T}^3$, T-dualizing the circles reduces to duality between ${\mathbb C}P^3\times {\mathbb T}^2 \times {\mathbb T}^2$ with $H-$flux and ${\mathbb R}P^7\times {\mathbb T}^3$ with no flux.
hep-th
we apply some methods of homology and ktheory to special classes of branes wrapping homologically nontrivial cycles we treat the classification of fourgeometries in terms of compact stabilizers by analogy with thurstons classification of threegeometries and derive the kamenability of lie groups associated with locally symmetric spaces listed in this case more complicated examples of tduality and topology change from fluxes are also considered we analyse dbranes and fluxes in type ii string theory on mathbb cp3times sigma_g times mathbb t2 with torsion hflux and demonstrate in details the conjectured tduality to mathbb rp7times x3 with no flux in the simple case of x3 mathbb t3 tdualizing the circles reduces to duality between mathbb cp3times mathbb t2 times mathbb t2 with hflux and mathbb rp7times mathbb t3 with no flux
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710.0306
Unitary Isobar Model - MAID2007
The unitary isobar model MAID2007 has been developed to analyze the world data of pion photo- and electroproduction. The model contains both a common background and several resonance terms. The background is unitarized according to the K-matrix prescription, and the 13 four-star resonances with masses below 2 GeV are described by appropriately unitarized Breit-Wigner forms. The data have been analyzed by both single-energy and global fits, and the transverse and longitudinal helicity amplitudes have been extracted for the four-star resonances below 2 GeV. Because of its inherent simplicity, MAID2007 is well adopted for predictions and analysis of the observables in pion photo- and electroproduction.
nucl-th hep-ph
the unitary isobar model maid2007 has been developed to analyze the world data of pion photo and electroproduction the model contains both a common background and several resonance terms the background is unitarized according to the kmatrix prescription and the 13 fourstar resonances with masses below 2 gev are described by appropriately unitarized breitwigner forms the data have been analyzed by both singleenergy and global fits and the transverse and longitudinal helicity amplitudes have been extracted for the fourstar resonances below 2 gev because of its inherent simplicity maid2007 is well adopted for predictions and analysis of the observables in pion photo and electroproduction
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710.0307
Reconstruction of Rayleigh-Lamb dispersion spectrum based on noise obtained from an air-jet forcing
The time-domain cross-correlation of incoherent and random noise recorded by a series of passive sensors contains the impulse response of the medium between these sensors. By using noise generated by a can of compressed air sprayed on the surface of a plexiglass plate, we are able to reconstruct not only the time of flight but the whole waveforms between the sensors. From the reconstruction of the direct $A_0$ and $S_0$ waves, we derive the dispersion curves of the flexural waves, thus estimating the mechanical properties of the material without a conventional electromechanical source. The dense array of receivers employed here allow a precise frequency-wavenumber study of flexural waves, along with a thorough evaluation of the rate of convergence of the correlation with respect to the record length, the frequency, and the distance between the receivers. The reconstruction of the actual amplitude and attenuation of the impulse response is also addressed in this paper.
physics.class-ph physics.gen-ph
the timedomain crosscorrelation of incoherent and random noise recorded by a series of passive sensors contains the impulse response of the medium between these sensors by using noise generated by a can of compressed air sprayed on the surface of a plexiglass plate we are able to reconstruct not only the time of flight but the whole waveforms between the sensors from the reconstruction of the direct a_0 and s_0 waves we derive the dispersion curves of the flexural waves thus estimating the mechanical properties of the material without a conventional electromechanical source the dense array of receivers employed here allow a precise frequencywavenumber study of flexural waves along with a thorough evaluation of the rate of convergence of the correlation with respect to the record length the frequency and the distance between the receivers the reconstruction of the actual amplitude and attenuation of the impulse response is also addressed in this paper
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710.0308
Electron Beam Dynamics in 4GLS
Studies of the electron beam dynamics for the 4GLS design are presented. 4GLS will provide three different electron bunch trains to a variety of user synchrotron sources. The 1 kHz XUV-FEL and 100 mA High Average Current branches share a common 540 MeV linac, whilst the 13 MHz IR-FEL must be well-synchronised to them. An overview of the injector designs, electron transport, and energy recovery is given, including ongoing studies of coherent synchrotron radiation, beam break-up and wakefields. This work is being pursued for the forthcoming Technical Design Report due in 2008.
physics.acc-ph
studies of the electron beam dynamics for the 4gls design are presented 4gls will provide three different electron bunch trains to a variety of user synchrotron sources the 1 khz xuvfel and 100 ma high average current branches share a common 540 mev linac whilst the 13 mhz irfel must be wellsynchronised to them an overview of the injector designs electron transport and energy recovery is given including ongoing studies of coherent synchrotron radiation beam breakup and wakefields this work is being pursued for the forthcoming technical design report due in 2008
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710.0309
Structural, electronic and optical properties of tetrahedral $Si_xGe_{47-x}:H_{60}$ nanocrystals: A Density Functional study
The structural, cohesive, electronic and optical properties of mixed SiGe:H quantum dots are studied by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations on a representative ensemble of medium size nanoparticles of the form $Si_xGe_{47-x}:H_{60}$. The calculations have been performed in the framework of the hybrid non-local exchange-correlation functional of Becke, Lee, Parr and Yang (B3LYP). Besides the ground state DFT/B3LYP values we provide reliable result for the lowest spin and symmetry allowed electronic transition based on Time Dependent DFT (TDDFT/B3LYP) calculations. Our results show that the optical gap depends not only on the relative concentrations of silicon, germanium and hydrogen, but also on the relative position of the silicon and germanium shells relative to the surface of the nanocrystal. This is also true for the structural, cohesive and electronic properties allowing for possible electronic and optical gap engineering. Moreover, it is found that for the cases of nanoparticles with pure Ge or Si core, the optical properties are mainly determined by the Ge part of the nanoparticle, while silicon seem to act as a passivant.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
the structural cohesive electronic and optical properties of mixed sigeh quantum dots are studied by density functional theory dft calculations on a representative ensemble of medium size nanoparticles of the form si_xge_47xh_60 the calculations have been performed in the framework of the hybrid nonlocal exchangecorrelation functional of becke lee parr and yang b3lyp besides the ground state dftb3lyp values we provide reliable result for the lowest spin and symmetry allowed electronic transition based on time dependent dft tddftb3lyp calculations our results show that the optical gap depends not only on the relative concentrations of silicon germanium and hydrogen but also on the relative position of the silicon and germanium shells relative to the surface of the nanocrystal this is also true for the structural cohesive and electronic properties allowing for possible electronic and optical gap engineering moreover it is found that for the cases of nanoparticles with pure ge or si core the optical properties are mainly determined by the ge part of the nanoparticle while silicon seem to act as a passivant
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710.031
Shell model description of the 14C dating beta decay with Brown-Rho-scaled NN interactions
We present shell model calculations for the beta-decay of the 14C ground state to the 14N ground state, treating the states of the A=14 multiplet as two 0p holes in an 16O core. We employ low-momentum nucleon-nucleon (NN) interactions derived from the realistic Bonn-B potential and find that the Gamow-Teller matrix element is too large to describe the known lifetime. By using a modified version of this potential that incorporates the effects of Brown-Rho scaling medium modifications, we find that the GT matrix element vanishes for a nuclear density around 85% that of nuclear matter. We find that the splitting between the (J,T)=(1+,0) and (J,T)=(0+,1) states in 14N is improved using the medium-modified Bonn-B potential and that the transition strengths from excited states of 14C to the 14N ground state are compatible with recent experiments.
nucl-th
we present shell model calculations for the betadecay of the 14c ground state to the 14n ground state treating the states of the a14 multiplet as two 0p holes in an 16o core we employ lowmomentum nucleonnucleon nn interactions derived from the realistic bonnb potential and find that the gamowteller matrix element is too large to describe the known lifetime by using a modified version of this potential that incorporates the effects of brownrho scaling medium modifications we find that the gt matrix element vanishes for a nuclear density around 85 that of nuclear matter we find that the splitting between the jt10 and jt01 states in 14n is improved using the mediummodified bonnb potential and that the transition strengths from excited states of 14c to the 14n ground state are compatible with recent experiments
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710.0311
The Shapes of Galaxy Groups
We derive probability density functions for the projected axial ratios of the real and mock 2PIGG galaxy groups, and use this data to investigate the intrinsic three dimensional shape of the dark matter ellipsoids that they trace. As well as analysing the raw data for groups of varying multiplicities, a convolution corrected form of the data is also considered which weights the probability density function according to the results of multiple Monte-Carlo realizations of discrete samples from the input spatial distributions. The important effect observed is that the best fit distribution for all the raw data is a prolate ellipsoid with a Gaussian distribution of axial ratios with $\bar{\beta}=0.36$ and $\sigma=0.14$, whilst for the convolved data the best fit solution is that of an oblate ellipsoid $\bar{\beta}=0.22$ and $\sigma=0.1$. Previously only prolate distributions were thought compatible with the data, this being interprated as evidence of filamentary collapse at nodes. We also find that even after allowing for the sampling effects, the corrected data is better fit using separate multiplicity bins, which display a trend towards more spherical halos in higher multiplicity groups. Finally, we find that all results in the real data are in good agreement with the mock data from $\Lambda$CDM simulations, KS tests showing that all comparative data have been drawn from the same distributions within the $1\sigma$ confidence limits.
astro-ph
we derive probability density functions for the projected axial ratios of the real and mock 2pigg galaxy groups and use this data to investigate the intrinsic three dimensional shape of the dark matter ellipsoids that they trace as well as analysing the raw data for groups of varying multiplicities a convolution corrected form of the data is also considered which weights the probability density function according to the results of multiple montecarlo realizations of discrete samples from the input spatial distributions the important effect observed is that the best fit distribution for all the raw data is a prolate ellipsoid with a gaussian distribution of axial ratios with barbeta036 and sigma014 whilst for the convolved data the best fit solution is that of an oblate ellipsoid barbeta022 and sigma01 previously only prolate distributions were thought compatible with the data this being interprated as evidence of filamentary collapse at nodes we also find that even after allowing for the sampling effects the corrected data is better fit using separate multiplicity bins which display a trend towards more spherical halos in higher multiplicity groups finally we find that all results in the real data are in good agreement with the mock data from lambdacdm simulations ks tests showing that all comparative data have been drawn from the same distributions within the 1sigma confidence limits
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710.0312
A relativistic model for neutrino pion production from nuclei in the resonance region
We present a relativistic model for electroweak pion production from nuclei, focusing on the $\Delta$ and the second resonance region. Bound states are derived in the Hartree approximation to the $\sigma-\omega$ Walecka model. Final-state interactions of the outgoing pion and nucleon are described in a factorized way by means of a relativistic extension of the Glauber model. Our formalism allows a detailed study of neutrino pion production through $Q^2$, $W$, energy, angle and out-of-plane distributions.
nucl-th
we present a relativistic model for electroweak pion production from nuclei focusing on the delta and the second resonance region bound states are derived in the hartree approximation to the sigmaomega walecka model finalstate interactions of the outgoing pion and nucleon are described in a factorized way by means of a relativistic extension of the glauber model our formalism allows a detailed study of neutrino pion production through q2 w energy angle and outofplane distributions
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710.0313
Gravitational Stability and Bulk Cosmology
We present a discussion of the effects induced by bulk viscosity either on the very early Universe stability and on the dynamics associated to the extreme gravitational collapse of a gas cloud. In both cases the viscosity coefficient is related to the energy density $\rho$ via a power-law of the form $\zeta=\zeta_0 \rho^s$ (where $\zeta_0, s=const.$) and the behavior of the density contrast in analyzed. In the first case, matter filling the isotropic and homogeneous background is described by an ultra-relativistic equation of state. The analytic expression of the density contrast shows that its growth is suppressed forward in time as soon as $\zeta_0$ overcomes a critical value. On the other hand, in such a regime, the asymptotic approach to the initial singularity admits an unstable collapsing picture. In the second case, we investigate the top-down fragmentation process of an uniform and spherically symmetric gas cloud within the framework of a Newtonian approach, including the negative pressure contribution associated to the bulk viscous phenomenology. In the extreme regime toward the singularity, we show that the density contrast associated to an adiabatic-like behavior of the gas (which is identified by a particular range of the politropic index) acquire, for sufficiently large viscous contributions, a vanishing behavior which prevents the formation of sub-structures. Such a feature is not present in the isothermal-like collapse. We also emphasize that in the adiabatic-like case bulk viscosity is also responsible for the appearance of a threshold scale (equivalent to a Jeans length) beyond which perturbations begin to increase.
gr-qc astro-ph
we present a discussion of the effects induced by bulk viscosity either on the very early universe stability and on the dynamics associated to the extreme gravitational collapse of a gas cloud in both cases the viscosity coefficient is related to the energy density rho via a powerlaw of the form zetazeta_0 rhos where zeta_0 sconst and the behavior of the density contrast in analyzed in the first case matter filling the isotropic and homogeneous background is described by an ultrarelativistic equation of state the analytic expression of the density contrast shows that its growth is suppressed forward in time as soon as zeta_0 overcomes a critical value on the other hand in such a regime the asymptotic approach to the initial singularity admits an unstable collapsing picture in the second case we investigate the topdown fragmentation process of an uniform and spherically symmetric gas cloud within the framework of a newtonian approach including the negative pressure contribution associated to the bulk viscous phenomenology in the extreme regime toward the singularity we show that the density contrast associated to an adiabaticlike behavior of the gas which is identified by a particular range of the politropic index acquire for sufficiently large viscous contributions a vanishing behavior which prevents the formation of substructures such a feature is not present in the isothermallike collapse we also emphasize that in the adiabaticlike case bulk viscosity is also responsible for the appearance of a threshold scale equivalent to a jeans length beyond which perturbations begin to increase
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710.0314
Charm Meson Spectroscopy at Babar and CLEO-C
In this mini-review we report on the most recent progress in charm meson spectroscopy. We discuss the precision measurements performed by the BaBar and CLEO-c experiments in the non strange charm meson part and we present the newly discovered strange charmed meson excited states.
hep-ex
in this minireview we report on the most recent progress in charm meson spectroscopy we discuss the precision measurements performed by the babar and cleoc experiments in the non strange charm meson part and we present the newly discovered strange charmed meson excited states
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710.0315
Conservation laws and scattering for de Sitter classical particles
Starting from an intrinsic geometric characterization of de Sitter timelike and lightlike geodesics we give a new description of the conserved quantities associated with classical free particles on the de Sitter manifold. These quantities allow for a natural discussion of classical pointlike scattering and decay processes. We also provide an intrinsic definition of energy of a classical de Sitter particle and discuss its different expressions in various local coordinate systems and their relations with earlier definitions found in the literature.
hep-th
starting from an intrinsic geometric characterization of de sitter timelike and lightlike geodesics we give a new description of the conserved quantities associated with classical free particles on the de sitter manifold these quantities allow for a natural discussion of classical pointlike scattering and decay processes we also provide an intrinsic definition of energy of a classical de sitter particle and discuss its different expressions in various local coordinate systems and their relations with earlier definitions found in the literature
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710.0316
Hamiltonian approach to Coulomb gauge Yang-Mills Theory
The vacuum wave functional of Coulomb gauge Yang-Mills theory is determined within the variational principle and used to calculate various Green functions and observables. The results show that heavy quarks are confined by a linearly rising potential and gluons cannot propagate over large distances. The 't Hooft loop shows a perimeter law and thus also indicates confinement.
hep-th hep-lat hep-ph
the vacuum wave functional of coulomb gauge yangmills theory is determined within the variational principle and used to calculate various green functions and observables the results show that heavy quarks are confined by a linearly rising potential and gluons cannot propagate over large distances the t hooft loop shows a perimeter law and thus also indicates confinement
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710.0317
A General Strategy for Physics-Based Model Validation Illustrated with Earthquake Phenomenology, Atmospheric Radiative Transfer, and Computational Fluid Dynamics
Validation is often defined as the process of determining the degree to which a model is an accurate representation of the real world from the perspective of its intended uses. Validation is crucial as industries and governments depend increasingly on predictions by computer models to justify their decisions. In this article, we survey the model validation literature and propose to formulate validation as an iterative construction process that mimics the process occurring implicitly in the minds of scientists. We thus offer a formal representation of the progressive build-up of trust in the model, and thereby replace incapacitating claims on the impossibility of validating a given model by an adaptive process of constructive approximation. This approach is better adapted to the fuzzy, coarse-grained nature of validation. Our procedure factors in the degree of redundancy versus novelty of the experiments used for validation as well as the degree to which the model predicts the observations. We illustrate the new methodology first with the maturation of Quantum Mechanics as the arguably best established physics theory and then with several concrete examples drawn from some of our primary scientific interests: a cellular automaton model for earthquakes, an anomalous diffusion model for solar radiation transport in the cloudy atmosphere, and a computational fluid dynamics code for the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability. This article is an augmented version of Sornette et al. [2007] that appeared in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in 2007 (doi: 10.1073/pnas.0611677104), with an electronic supplement at URL http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/0611677104/DC1. Sornette et al. [2007] is also available in preprint form at physics/0511219.
physics.comp-ph astro-ph.EP cond-mat.mtrl-sci physics.ao-ph physics.data-an physics.flu-dyn physics.geo-ph quant-ph
validation is often defined as the process of determining the degree to which a model is an accurate representation of the real world from the perspective of its intended uses validation is crucial as industries and governments depend increasingly on predictions by computer models to justify their decisions in this article we survey the model validation literature and propose to formulate validation as an iterative construction process that mimics the process occurring implicitly in the minds of scientists we thus offer a formal representation of the progressive buildup of trust in the model and thereby replace incapacitating claims on the impossibility of validating a given model by an adaptive process of constructive approximation this approach is better adapted to the fuzzy coarsegrained nature of validation our procedure factors in the degree of redundancy versus novelty of the experiments used for validation as well as the degree to which the model predicts the observations we illustrate the new methodology first with the maturation of quantum mechanics as the arguably best established physics theory and then with several concrete examples drawn from some of our primary scientific interests a cellular automaton model for earthquakes an anomalous diffusion model for solar radiation transport in the cloudy atmosphere and a computational fluid dynamics code for the richtmyermeshkov instability this article is an augmented version of sornette et al 2007 that appeared in proceedings of the national academy of sciences in 2007 doi 101073pnas0611677104 with an electronic supplement at url httpwwwpnasorgcgicontentfull0611677104dc1 sornette et al 2007 is also available in preprint form at physics0511219
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710.0318
Fast minimum-weight double-tree shortcutting for Metric TSP: Is the best one good enough?
The Metric Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a classical NP-hard optimization problem. The double-tree shortcutting method for Metric TSP yields an exponentially-sized space of TSP tours, each of which approximates the optimal solution within at most a factor of 2. We consider the problem of finding among these tours the one that gives the closest approximation, i.e.\ the \emph{minimum-weight double-tree shortcutting}. Burkard et al. gave an algorithm for this problem, running in time $O(n^3+2^d n^2)$ and memory $O(2^d n^2)$, where $d$ is the maximum node degree in the rooted minimum spanning tree. We give an improved algorithm for the case of small $d$ (including planar Euclidean TSP, where $d \leq 4$), running in time $O(4^d n^2)$ and memory $O(4^d n)$. This improvement allows one to solve the problem on much larger instances than previously attempted. Our computational experiments suggest that in terms of the time-quality tradeoff, the minimum-weight double-tree shortcutting method provides one of the best known tour-constructing heuristics.
cs.DS cs.CC
the metric traveling salesman problem tsp is a classical nphard optimization problem the doubletree shortcutting method for metric tsp yields an exponentiallysized space of tsp tours each of which approximates the optimal solution within at most a factor of 2 we consider the problem of finding among these tours the one that gives the closest approximation ie the emphminimumweight doubletree shortcutting burkard et al gave an algorithm for this problem running in time on32d n2 and memory o2d n2 where d is the maximum node degree in the rooted minimum spanning tree we give an improved algorithm for the case of small d including planar euclidean tsp where d leq 4 running in time o4d n2 and memory o4d n this improvement allows one to solve the problem on much larger instances than previously attempted our computational experiments suggest that in terms of the timequality tradeoff the minimumweight doubletree shortcutting method provides one of the best known tourconstructing heuristics
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710.0319
Young and Massive Binary Progenitors of Type Ia Supernovae and Their Circumstellar Matter
We present new evolutionary models for Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) progenitors, introducing mass-stripping effect on a main-sequence (MS) or slightly evolved companion star by winds from a mass-accreting white dwarf (WD). The mass-stripping attenuates the rate of mass transfer from the companion to the WD. As a result, quite a massive MS companion can avoid forming a common envelope and increase the WD mass up to the SN Ia explosion. Including the mass-stripping effect, we follow binary evolutions of various WD + MS systems and obtain the parameter region in the initial donor mass - orbital period plane where SNe Ia occur. The newly obtained SN Ia region extends to donor masses of 6-7 M_\sun, although its extension depends on the efficiency of mass-stripping effect. The stripped matter would mainly be distributed on the orbital plane and form very massive circumstellar matter (CSM) around the SN Ia progenitor. It can explain massive CSM around SNe Ia/IIn(IIa) 2002ic and 2005gj as well as tenuous CSM around normal SN Ia 2006X. Our new model suggests the presence of very young (\lesssim 10^8 yr) populations of SNe Ia, being consistent with recent observational indications of young population SNe Ia.
astro-ph
we present new evolutionary models for type ia supernova sn ia progenitors introducing massstripping effect on a mainsequence ms or slightly evolved companion star by winds from a massaccreting white dwarf wd the massstripping attenuates the rate of mass transfer from the companion to the wd as a result quite a massive ms companion can avoid forming a common envelope and increase the wd mass up to the sn ia explosion including the massstripping effect we follow binary evolutions of various wd ms systems and obtain the parameter region in the initial donor mass orbital period plane where sne ia occur the newly obtained sn ia region extends to donor masses of 67 m_sun although its extension depends on the efficiency of massstripping effect the stripped matter would mainly be distributed on the orbital plane and form very massive circumstellar matter csm around the sn ia progenitor it can explain massive csm around sne iaiiniia 2002ic and 2005gj as well as tenuous csm around normal sn ia 2006x our new model suggests the presence of very young lesssim 108 yr populations of sne ia being consistent with recent observational indications of young population sne ia
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710.032
Manipulation with Andreev states in spin active mesoscopic Josephson junctions
We investigate manipulation with Andreev bound states in Josephson quantum point contacts with magnetic scattering. Rabi oscillations in the two-level Andreev subsystems are excited by resonant driving the direction of magnetic moment of the scatterer, and by modulating the superconducting phase difference across the contact. The Andreev level dynamics is manifested by temporal oscillation of the Josephson current, accompanied, in the case of magnetic manipulation, also by oscillation of the Andreev states spin polarization. The interlevel transitions obey a selection rule that forbids manipulations in a certain region of external parameters, and results from specific properties of Andreev bound states in magnetic contacts: 4$\pi$-periodicity with respect to the superconducting phase, and strong spontaneous spin polarization.
cond-mat.supr-con
we investigate manipulation with andreev bound states in josephson quantum point contacts with magnetic scattering rabi oscillations in the twolevel andreev subsystems are excited by resonant driving the direction of magnetic moment of the scatterer and by modulating the superconducting phase difference across the contact the andreev level dynamics is manifested by temporal oscillation of the josephson current accompanied in the case of magnetic manipulation also by oscillation of the andreev states spin polarization the interlevel transitions obey a selection rule that forbids manipulations in a certain region of external parameters and results from specific properties of andreev bound states in magnetic contacts 4piperiodicity with respect to the superconducting phase and strong spontaneous spin polarization
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710.0321
Wobbling excitations at high spins in A~160
We found that in 156Dy and 162Yb the lowest odd spin gamma-vibrational states transform to the wobbling excitations after the backbending, associated with the transition from axially-symmetric to nonaxial shapes. The analysis of quadrupole electric transitions determines uniquely the sign of the gamma-deformation in both nuclei after the transition point.
nucl-th nucl-ex
we found that in 156dy and 162yb the lowest odd spin gammavibrational states transform to the wobbling excitations after the backbending associated with the transition from axiallysymmetric to nonaxial shapes the analysis of quadrupole electric transitions determines uniquely the sign of the gammadeformation in both nuclei after the transition point
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710.0322
Identification of the Isotherm Function in Chromatography Using CMA-ES
This paper deals with the identification of the flux for a system of conservation laws in the specific example of analytic chromatography. The fundamental equations of chromatographic process are highly non linear. The state-of-the-art Evolution Strategy, CMA-ES (the Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy), is used to identify the parameters of the so-called isotherm function. The approach was validated on different configurations of simulated data using either one, two or three components mixtures. CMA-ES is then applied to real data cases and its results are compared to those of a gradient-based strategy.
math.OC math.NA
this paper deals with the identification of the flux for a system of conservation laws in the specific example of analytic chromatography the fundamental equations of chromatographic process are highly non linear the stateoftheart evolution strategy cmaes the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy is used to identify the parameters of the socalled isotherm function the approach was validated on different configurations of simulated data using either one two or three components mixtures cmaes is then applied to real data cases and its results are compared to those of a gradientbased strategy
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710.0323
A Dual Algorithm for Non-abelian Yang-Mills coupled to Dynamical Fermions
We extend the dual algorithm recently described for pure, non-abelian Yang-Mills on the lattice to the case of lattice fermions coupled to Yang-Mills, by constructing an ergodic Metropolis algorithm for dynamic fermions that is local, exact, and built from gauge-invariant boson-fermion coupled configurations. For concreteness, we present in detail the case of three dimensions, for the group SU(2) and staggered fermions, however the algorithm readily generalizes with regard to group and dimension. The treatment of the fermion determinant makes use of a polymer expansion; as with previous proposals making use of the polymer expansion in higher than two dimensions, the critical question for practical applications is whether the presence of negative amplitudes can be managed in the continuum limit.
hep-lat
we extend the dual algorithm recently described for pure nonabelian yangmills on the lattice to the case of lattice fermions coupled to yangmills by constructing an ergodic metropolis algorithm for dynamic fermions that is local exact and built from gaugeinvariant bosonfermion coupled configurations for concreteness we present in detail the case of three dimensions for the group su2 and staggered fermions however the algorithm readily generalizes with regard to group and dimension the treatment of the fermion determinant makes use of a polymer expansion as with previous proposals making use of the polymer expansion in higher than two dimensions the critical question for practical applications is whether the presence of negative amplitudes can be managed in the continuum limit
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710.0324
The emission line spectrum of the UV deficient quasar Ton 34: evidence of shock excitation?
Emission lines in quasars are believed to originate from a photoionized plasma. There are, however, some emission features which appear to be collisionally excited, such as the FeII multiplet bands. Shortward of Ly_alpha, there also are a few permitted lines of species from low to intermediate ionization. Ton 34 (z=1.928) exhibits the steepest far-UV continuum decline known (Fnu propto nu^{-5.3}) shortward of 1050A. This object also emits unusually strong low to intermediate excitation permitted lines shortward of the Lyman limit. Using archive spectra of Ton 34 from HST, IUE and Palomar, we measure the fluxes of all the lines present in the spectra and compare their relative intensities with those observed in composite quasar spectra. Our analysis reveals unusual strengths with respect to Ly_alpha of the following low to intermediate excitation permitted lines: OII+OIII (835A), NIII+OIII (686-703A) and NIII+NIV (765A). We compare the observed line spectrum with both photoionization and shock models. Photoionization cannot reproduce the strengths of these far-UV lines. Shocks with Vs ~ 100 km/s turn out to be extremely efficient emitters of these lines and are favored as excitation mechanism.
astro-ph
emission lines in quasars are believed to originate from a photoionized plasma there are however some emission features which appear to be collisionally excited such as the feii multiplet bands shortward of ly_alpha there also are a few permitted lines of species from low to intermediate ionization ton 34 z1928 exhibits the steepest faruv continuum decline known fnu propto nu53 shortward of 1050a this object also emits unusually strong low to intermediate excitation permitted lines shortward of the lyman limit using archive spectra of ton 34 from hst iue and palomar we measure the fluxes of all the lines present in the spectra and compare their relative intensities with those observed in composite quasar spectra our analysis reveals unusual strengths with respect to ly_alpha of the following low to intermediate excitation permitted lines oiioiii 835a niiioiii 686703a and niiiniv 765a we compare the observed line spectrum with both photoionization and shock models photoionization cannot reproduce the strengths of these faruv lines shocks with vs 100 kms turn out to be extremely efficient emitters of these lines and are favored as excitation mechanism
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710.0325
Structure of Mass Gap between Two Spin Multiplets
Studying our semirelativistic potential model and the numerical results, which succeeds in predicting and reproducing recently discovered higher resonances of $D$, $D_s$, $B$, and $B_s$, we find a simple expression for the mass gap between two spin multiplets of heavy-light mesons, $(0^-,1^-)$ and $(0^+,1^+)$. The mass gap between chiral partners defined by $\Delta M=M(0^+)-M(0^-)$ and/or $M(1^+)-M(1^-)$ is given by $\Delta M=M(0^+)-M(0^-)=M(1^+)-M(1^-)\approx \Lambda_{\rm Q}-m_q$ in the limit of heavy quark symmetry, and including $1/m_Q$ corrections, we have $\Delta M\approx \Lambda_{\rm Q}-m_q+(1.28\times 10^{5}+4.26\times 10^{2}\cdot m_q)/m_Q$ with $\Lambda_{\rm Q}\approx 300$ MeV, a light quark mass $m_q$, and a heavy quark mass $m_Q$. This equation holds both for $D$ and $D_s$ heavy mesons. Our model calculations for the $B$ and $B_s$ also follow this formula.
hep-ph
studying our semirelativistic potential model and the numerical results which succeeds in predicting and reproducing recently discovered higher resonances of d d_s b and b_s we find a simple expression for the mass gap between two spin multiplets of heavylight mesons 01 and 01 the mass gap between chiral partners defined by delta mm0m0 andor m1m1 is given by delta mm0m0m1m1approx lambda_rm qm_q in the limit of heavy quark symmetry and including 1m_q corrections we have delta mapprox lambda_rm qm_q128times 105426times 102cdot m_qm_q with lambda_rm qapprox 300 mev a light quark mass m_q and a heavy quark mass m_q this equation holds both for d and d_s heavy mesons our model calculations for the b and b_s also follow this formula
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710.0326
On Orbits of the Ring $Z_n^m$ under the Action of the Group $SL(m,Z_n)$
We consider the action of the finite matrix group $SL(m,Z_n)$ on the ring $Z_n^m$. We determine orbits of this action for n arbitrary natural number. It is a generalization of the task which was studied by A.A. Kirillov for $m=2$ and $n$ prime number.
math.GR math-ph math.MP
we consider the action of the finite matrix group slmz_n on the ring z_nm we determine orbits of this action for n arbitrary natural number it is a generalization of the task which was studied by aa kirillov for m2 and n prime number
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710.0327
Similar final states from different initial states using new exact solutions of relativistic hydrodynamics
We present exact, analytic and simple solutions of relativistic perfect fluid hydrodynamics. The solutions allow us to calculate the rapidity distribution of the particles produced at the freeze-out, and fit them to the measured rapidity distribution data. We also give an advanced estimation of the energy density reached in heavy ion collisions, and an improved estimation of the life-time of the reaction.
nucl-th
we present exact analytic and simple solutions of relativistic perfect fluid hydrodynamics the solutions allow us to calculate the rapidity distribution of the particles produced at the freezeout and fit them to the measured rapidity distribution data we also give an advanced estimation of the energy density reached in heavy ion collisions and an improved estimation of the lifetime of the reaction
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710.0328
Hyperplane Arrangements with Large Average Diameter
The largest possible average diameter of a bounded cell of a simple hyperplane arrangement is conjectured to be not greater than the dimension. We prove that this conjecture holds in dimension 2, and is asymptotically tight in fixed dimension. We give the exact value of the largest possible average diameter for all simple arrangements in dimension 2, for arrangements having at most the dimension plus 2 hyperplanes, and for arrangements having 6 hyperplanes in dimension 3. In dimension 3, we give lower and upper bounds which are both asymptotically equal to the dimension.
math.MG
the largest possible average diameter of a bounded cell of a simple hyperplane arrangement is conjectured to be not greater than the dimension we prove that this conjecture holds in dimension 2 and is asymptotically tight in fixed dimension we give the exact value of the largest possible average diameter for all simple arrangements in dimension 2 for arrangements having at most the dimension plus 2 hyperplanes and for arrangements having 6 hyperplanes in dimension 3 in dimension 3 we give lower and upper bounds which are both asymptotically equal to the dimension
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710.0329
Light quark masses and pseudoscalar decay constants from Nf=2 twisted mass QCD
We present the results of the lattice QCD calculation of the average up-down and strange quark masses and of the light meson pseudoscalar decay constants, recently performed with Nf=2 dynamical fermions by the ETM Collaboration. The simulation is carried out at a single value of the lattice spacing with the twisted mass fermionic action at maximal twist, which guarantees automatic O(a)-improvement of the physical quantities. Quark masses are renormalized by implementing the non perturbative RI-MOM renormalization procedure. Our results for the light quark masses are m_{ud}^{MSbar}(2 Gev)=3.85 +- 0.12 +- 0.40 MeV, m_s^{MSbar}(2 Gev)=105 +- 3 +- 9 MeV and m_s/m_{ud}=27.3 +- 0.3 +- 1.2. We also obtain f_K=161.7 +- 1.2 +- 3.1 MeV and the ratio f_K/f_pi=1.227 +- 0.009 +- 0.024. From this ratio, by using the experimental determination of Gamma(K -> mu {bar nu}_mu (gamma))/Gamma(pi -> mu {bar nu}_mu (gamma)) and the average value of |V_{ud}| from nuclear beta decays, we obtain |V_{us}|=0.2192(5)(45), in agreement with the determination from K_{l3} decays and the unitarity constraint.
hep-lat hep-ph
we present the results of the lattice qcd calculation of the average updown and strange quark masses and of the light meson pseudoscalar decay constants recently performed with nf2 dynamical fermions by the etm collaboration the simulation is carried out at a single value of the lattice spacing with the twisted mass fermionic action at maximal twist which guarantees automatic oaimprovement of the physical quantities quark masses are renormalized by implementing the non perturbative rimom renormalization procedure our results for the light quark masses are m_udmsbar2 gev385 012 040 mev m_smsbar2 gev105 3 9 mev and m_sm_ud273 03 12 we also obtain f_k1617 12 31 mev and the ratio f_kf_pi1227 0009 0024 from this ratio by using the experimental determination of gammak mu bar nu_mu gammagammapi mu bar nu_mu gamma and the average value of v_ud from nuclear beta decays we obtain v_us02192545 in agreement with the determination from k_l3 decays and the unitarity constraint
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710.033
Singular cohomology of the analytic Milnor fiber, and mixed Hodge structure on the nearby cohomology
We constructed the analytic Milnor fiber is a non-archimedean model of the classical topological Milnor fibration. In the present paper, we describe the homotopy type of the analytic Milnor fiber in terms of a strictly semi-stable model, and we show that its singular cohomology coincides with the weight zero part of the mixed Hodge structure on the nearby cohomology. We give a similar expression for Denef and Loeser's motivic Milnor fiber in terms of a strictly semi-stable model.
math.AG
we constructed the analytic milnor fiber is a nonarchimedean model of the classical topological milnor fibration in the present paper we describe the homotopy type of the analytic milnor fiber in terms of a strictly semistable model and we show that its singular cohomology coincides with the weight zero part of the mixed hodge structure on the nearby cohomology we give a similar expression for denef and loesers motivic milnor fiber in terms of a strictly semistable model
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710.0331
The strength of crystalline color superconductors
We present a study of the shear modulus of the crystalline color superconducting phase of quark matter, showing that this phase of dense, but not asymptotically dense, quark matter responds to shear stress as a very rigid solid. This phase is characterized by a gap parameter $\Delta$ that is periodically modulated in space and therefore spontaneously breaks translational invariance. We derive the effective action for the phonon fields that describe space- and time-dependent fluctuations of the crystal structure formed by $\Delta$, and obtain the shear modulus from the coefficients of the spatial derivative terms. Within a Ginzburg-Landau approximation, we find shear moduli which are 20 to 1000 times larger than those of neutron star crusts. This phase of matter is thus more rigid than any known material in the universe, but at the same time the crystalline color superconducting phase is also superfluid. These properties raise the possibility that the presence of this phase within neutron stars may have distinct implications for their phenomenology. For example, (some) pulsar glitches may originate in crystalline superconducting neutron star cores.
hep-ph astro-ph cond-mat.supr-con gr-qc nucl-th
we present a study of the shear modulus of the crystalline color superconducting phase of quark matter showing that this phase of dense but not asymptotically dense quark matter responds to shear stress as a very rigid solid this phase is characterized by a gap parameter delta that is periodically modulated in space and therefore spontaneously breaks translational invariance we derive the effective action for the phonon fields that describe space and timedependent fluctuations of the crystal structure formed by delta and obtain the shear modulus from the coefficients of the spatial derivative terms within a ginzburglandau approximation we find shear moduli which are 20 to 1000 times larger than those of neutron star crusts this phase of matter is thus more rigid than any known material in the universe but at the same time the crystalline color superconducting phase is also superfluid these properties raise the possibility that the presence of this phase within neutron stars may have distinct implications for their phenomenology for example some pulsar glitches may originate in crystalline superconducting neutron star cores
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710.0332
(3+1)-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Expansion with a Critical Point from Realistic Initial Conditions
We investigate a (3+1)-dimensional hydrodynamic expansion of the hot and dense system created in head-on collisions of Pb+Pb/Au+Au at beam energies from $5-200A$ GeV. An equation of state that incorporates a critical end point (CEP) in line with the lattice data is used. The necessary initial conditions for the hydrodynamic evolution are taken from a microscopic transport approach (UrQMD). We compare the properties of the initial state and the full hydrodynamical calculation with an isentropic expansion employing an initial state from a simple overlap model. We find that the specific entropy ($S/A$) from both initial conditions is very similar and only depends on the underlying equation of state. Using the chiral (hadronic) equation of state we investigate the expansion paths for both initial conditions. Defining a critical area around the critical point, we show at what beam energies one can expect to have a sizable fraction of the system close to the critical point. Finally, we emphasise the importance of the equation of state of strongly interacting matter, in the (experimental) search for the CEP.
nucl-th
we investigate a 31dimensional hydrodynamic expansion of the hot and dense system created in headon collisions of pbpbauau at beam energies from 5200a gev an equation of state that incorporates a critical end point cep in line with the lattice data is used the necessary initial conditions for the hydrodynamic evolution are taken from a microscopic transport approach urqmd we compare the properties of the initial state and the full hydrodynamical calculation with an isentropic expansion employing an initial state from a simple overlap model we find that the specific entropy sa from both initial conditions is very similar and only depends on the underlying equation of state using the chiral hadronic equation of state we investigate the expansion paths for both initial conditions defining a critical area around the critical point we show at what beam energies one can expect to have a sizable fraction of the system close to the critical point finally we emphasise the importance of the equation of state of strongly interacting matter in the experimental search for the cep
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710.0333
Symmetry Breaking Patterns for the Little Higgs from Strong Dynamics
We show how the symmetry breaking pattern of the simplest little Higgs model, and that of the smallest moose model that incorporates an approximate custodial SU(2), can be realized through the condensation of strongly coupled fermions. In each case a custodial SU(2) symmetry of the new strong dynamics limits the sizes of corrections to precision electroweak observables. In the case of the simplest little Higgs, there are no new light states beyond those present in the original model. However, our realization of the symmetry breaking pattern of the moose model predicts an additional scalar field with mass of order a TeV or higher that has exactly the same quantum numbers as the Standard Model Higgs and which decays primarily to third generation quarks.
hep-ph
we show how the symmetry breaking pattern of the simplest little higgs model and that of the smallest moose model that incorporates an approximate custodial su2 can be realized through the condensation of strongly coupled fermions in each case a custodial su2 symmetry of the new strong dynamics limits the sizes of corrections to precision electroweak observables in the case of the simplest little higgs there are no new light states beyond those present in the original model however our realization of the symmetry breaking pattern of the moose model predicts an additional scalar field with mass of order a tev or higher that has exactly the same quantum numbers as the standard model higgs and which decays primarily to third generation quarks
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710.0334
Holographic vector mesons from spectral functions at finite baryon or isospin density
We consider gauge/gravity duality with flavor for the finite-temperature field theory dual of the AdS-Schwarzschild black hole background with embedded D7-brane probes. In particular, we investigate spectral functions at finite baryon density in the black hole phase. We determine the resonance frequencies corresponding to meson-mass peaks as function of the quark mass over temperature ratio. We find that these frequencies have a minimum for a finite value of the quark mass. If the quotient of quark mass and temperature is increased further, the peaks move to larger frequencies. At the same time the peaks narrow, in agreement with the formation of nearly stable vector meson states which exactly reproduce the meson mass spectrum found at zero temperature. We also calculate the diffusion coefficient, which has finite value for all quark mass to temperature ratios, and exhibits a first-order phase transition. Finally we consider an isospin chemical potential and find that the spectral functions display a resonance peak splitting, similar to the isospin meson mass splitting observed in effective QCD models.
hep-th hep-ph nucl-th
we consider gaugegravity duality with flavor for the finitetemperature field theory dual of the adsschwarzschild black hole background with embedded d7brane probes in particular we investigate spectral functions at finite baryon density in the black hole phase we determine the resonance frequencies corresponding to mesonmass peaks as function of the quark mass over temperature ratio we find that these frequencies have a minimum for a finite value of the quark mass if the quotient of quark mass and temperature is increased further the peaks move to larger frequencies at the same time the peaks narrow in agreement with the formation of nearly stable vector meson states which exactly reproduce the meson mass spectrum found at zero temperature we also calculate the diffusion coefficient which has finite value for all quark mass to temperature ratios and exhibits a firstorder phase transition finally we consider an isospin chemical potential and find that the spectral functions display a resonance peak splitting similar to the isospin meson mass splitting observed in effective qcd models
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710.0335
Long term monitoring of the BHC 1E 1740.7-2942
The microquasar 1E 1740.7-2942 is one of the most appealing source of the Galactic Centre region. The high energy feature detected once by SIGMA has been searched in the last years by INTEGRAL, but never confirmed. Classified as a persistent source, on 2004 it showed a quiescent-like state. In fact for few month 1E 1740.7-2942 was below the detector sensitivity level. We present the long term temporal behaviour of 1E 1740.7-2942 observed by INTEGRAL and RXTE in 2004 and 2005, as well as preliminary results on possible spectral transitions.
astro-ph
the microquasar 1e 174072942 is one of the most appealing source of the galactic centre region the high energy feature detected once by sigma has been searched in the last years by integral but never confirmed classified as a persistent source on 2004 it showed a quiescentlike state in fact for few month 1e 174072942 was below the detector sensitivity level we present the long term temporal behaviour of 1e 174072942 observed by integral and rxte in 2004 and 2005 as well as preliminary results on possible spectral transitions
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710.0336
Flavor Symmetry and Charm Decays
A wealth of new data in charmed particle physics allows the testing of flavor symmetry and the extraction of key amplitudes. Information on relative strong phases is obtained.
hep-ph
a wealth of new data in charmed particle physics allows the testing of flavor symmetry and the extraction of key amplitudes information on relative strong phases is obtained
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710.0337
Graphs on Surfaces and the Partition Function of String Theory
Graphs on surfaces is an active topic of pure mathematics belonging to graph theory. It has also been applied to physics and relates discrete and continuous mathematics. In this paper we present a formal mathematical description of the relation between graph theory and the mathematical physics of discrete string theory. In this description we present problems of the combinatorial world of real importance for graph theorists. The mathematical details of the paper are as follows: There is a combinatorial description of the partition function of bosonic string theory. In this combinatorial description the string world sheet is thought as simplicial and it is considered as a combinatorial graph. It can also be said that we have embeddings of graphs in closed surfaces. The discrete partition function which results from this procedure gives a sum over triangulations of closed surfaces. This is known as the vacuum partition function. The precise calculation of the partition function depends on combinatorial calculations involving counting all non-isomorphic triangulations and all spanning trees of a graph. The exact computation of the partition function turns out to be very complicated, however we show the exact expressions for its computation for the case of any closed orientable surface. We present a clear computation for the sphere and the way it is done for the torus, and for the non-orientable case of the projective plane.
math-ph hep-th math.CO math.MP
graphs on surfaces is an active topic of pure mathematics belonging to graph theory it has also been applied to physics and relates discrete and continuous mathematics in this paper we present a formal mathematical description of the relation between graph theory and the mathematical physics of discrete string theory in this description we present problems of the combinatorial world of real importance for graph theorists the mathematical details of the paper are as follows there is a combinatorial description of the partition function of bosonic string theory in this combinatorial description the string world sheet is thought as simplicial and it is considered as a combinatorial graph it can also be said that we have embeddings of graphs in closed surfaces the discrete partition function which results from this procedure gives a sum over triangulations of closed surfaces this is known as the vacuum partition function the precise calculation of the partition function depends on combinatorial calculations involving counting all nonisomorphic triangulations and all spanning trees of a graph the exact computation of the partition function turns out to be very complicated however we show the exact expressions for its computation for the case of any closed orientable surface we present a clear computation for the sphere and the way it is done for the torus and for the nonorientable case of the projective plane
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710.0338
High-temperature expansions through order 24 for the two-dimensional classical XY model on the square lattice
The high-temperature expansion of the spin-spin correlation function of the two-dimensional classical XY (planar rotator) model on the square lattice is extended by three terms, from order 21 through order 24, and analyzed to improve the estimates of the critical parameters.
hep-lat cond-mat.stat-mech
the hightemperature expansion of the spinspin correlation function of the twodimensional classical xy planar rotator model on the square lattice is extended by three terms from order 21 through order 24 and analyzed to improve the estimates of the critical parameters
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710.0339
VLA Limits for Intermediate Mass Black Holes in Three Globular Clusters
The observational evidence for central black holes in globular clusters has been argued extensively, and their existence has important consequences for both the formation and evolution of the cluster. Most of the evidence comes from dynamical arguments, but the interpretation is difficult, given the short relaxation times and old ages of the clusters. One of the most robust signatures for the existence of a black hole is radio and/or X-ray emission. We observed three globular clusters, NGC6093 (M80), NGC6266 (M62), and NGC7078 (M15), with the VLA in the A and C configuration with a 3-sigma noise of 36, 36 and 25 microJy, respectively. We find no statistically-significant evidence for radio emission from the central region for any of the three clusters. NGC6266 shows a 2-sigma detection. It is difficult to infer a mass from these upper limits due to uncertainty about the central gas density, accretion rate, and accretion model.
astro-ph
the observational evidence for central black holes in globular clusters has been argued extensively and their existence has important consequences for both the formation and evolution of the cluster most of the evidence comes from dynamical arguments but the interpretation is difficult given the short relaxation times and old ages of the clusters one of the most robust signatures for the existence of a black hole is radio andor xray emission we observed three globular clusters ngc6093 m80 ngc6266 m62 and ngc7078 m15 with the vla in the a and c configuration with a 3sigma noise of 36 36 and 25 microjy respectively we find no statisticallysignificant evidence for radio emission from the central region for any of the three clusters ngc6266 shows a 2sigma detection it is difficult to infer a mass from these upper limits due to uncertainty about the central gas density accretion rate and accretion model
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710.034
Di-photon Higgs decay in the MSSM with explicit CP violation
The Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) with explicit CP violation is studied with the help of the di-photon decay channel of the lightest neutral Higgs boson. Effects of CP violation, entering via the scalar/pseudo-scalar mixing at higher order as well as through the Higgs-sfermion-sfermion couplings at tree-level, are analyzed in the MSSM with and without light sparticles. A light stop may have a strong impact on the decay width and Branching Ratio (BR) of the decay process H_1 -> gamma gamma, whereas other light sparticles have only little influence. In some regions of the MSSM parameter space with large CP-violating phase phi_mu ~ 90 degrees a light stop can change the BR by more than 50%.
hep-ph
the minimal supersymmetric standard model mssm with explicit cp violation is studied with the help of the diphoton decay channel of the lightest neutral higgs boson effects of cp violation entering via the scalarpseudoscalar mixing at higher order as well as through the higgssfermionsfermion couplings at treelevel are analyzed in the mssm with and without light sparticles a light stop may have a strong impact on the decay width and branching ratio br of the decay process h_1 gamma gamma whereas other light sparticles have only little influence in some regions of the mssm parameter space with large cpviolating phase phi_mu 90 degrees a light stop can change the br by more than 50
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710.0341
An iterative method to compute the overlap Dirac operator at nonzero chemical potential
The overlap Dirac operator at nonzero quark chemical potential involves the computation of the sign function of a non-Hermitian matrix. In this talk we present an iterative method, first proposed by us in Ref. [1], which allows for an efficient computation of the operator, even on large lattices. The starting point is a Krylov subspace approximation, based on the Arnoldi algorithm, for the evaluation of a generic matrix function. The efficiency of this method is spoiled when the matrix has eigenvalues close to a function discontinuity. To cure this, a small number of critical eigenvectors are added to the Krylov subspace, and two different deflation schemes are proposed in this augmented subspace. The ensuing method is then applied to the sign function of the overlap Dirac operator, for two different lattice sizes. The sign function has a discontinuity along the imaginary axis, and the numerical results show how deflation dramatically improves the efficiency of the method.
hep-lat
the overlap dirac operator at nonzero quark chemical potential involves the computation of the sign function of a nonhermitian matrix in this talk we present an iterative method first proposed by us in ref 1 which allows for an efficient computation of the operator even on large lattices the starting point is a krylov subspace approximation based on the arnoldi algorithm for the evaluation of a generic matrix function the efficiency of this method is spoiled when the matrix has eigenvalues close to a function discontinuity to cure this a small number of critical eigenvectors are added to the krylov subspace and two different deflation schemes are proposed in this augmented subspace the ensuing method is then applied to the sign function of the overlap dirac operator for two different lattice sizes the sign function has a discontinuity along the imaginary axis and the numerical results show how deflation dramatically improves the efficiency of the method
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710.0342
A Generalization of A Leibniz Geometrical Theorem
In this article we present a generalization of a Leibniz's geometrical theorem and an application of it.
math.GM
in this article we present a generalization of a leibnizs geometrical theorem and an application of it
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710.0343
Spin asymmetry at large x_F and k_T
We suggest that the large single spin asymmetries observed at high momentum fractions x_F and transverse momenta k_T of the pion in p^\uparrow p -> \pi(x_F,k_T)+X arise from the coherence of the soft interactions with the hard parton scattering process. Such coherence can be maintained if x_F -> 1 as k_T -> \infty, while k_T^2(1-x_F) ~ \Lambda_{QCD}^2 stays fixed. Analogous coherence effects have been seen experimentally in the Drell-Yan process at high x_F. We find that the p^\uparrow p -> \pi X production amplitudes have large dynamic phases and that helicity flip contributions are unsuppressed in this limit, giving rise to potentially large single spin asymmetries.
hep-ph
we suggest that the large single spin asymmetries observed at high momentum fractions x_f and transverse momenta k_t of the pion in puparrow p pix_fk_tx arise from the coherence of the soft interactions with the hard parton scattering process such coherence can be maintained if x_f 1 as k_t infty while k_t21x_f lambda_qcd2 stays fixed analogous coherence effects have been seen experimentally in the drellyan process at high x_f we find that the puparrow p pi x production amplitudes have large dynamic phases and that helicity flip contributions are unsuppressed in this limit giving rise to potentially large single spin asymmetries
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710.0344
SU(2) meets SU(3) in lattice-Landau-gauge gluon and ghost propagators
A comparative study of the lattice Landau gauge gluon and ghost propagators for SU(2) and SU(3) pure Yang-Mills theories is carried out. The data were specially produced with equivalent lattice parameters to allow for a careful comparison of the two cases. We find very good agreement between the two theories. Our results seem to confirm the predicton of Schwinger-Dyson equations that the infrared exponents are independent of the gauge group SU(N).
hep-lat
a comparative study of the lattice landau gauge gluon and ghost propagators for su2 and su3 pure yangmills theories is carried out the data were specially produced with equivalent lattice parameters to allow for a careful comparison of the two cases we find very good agreement between the two theories our results seem to confirm the predicton of schwingerdyson equations that the infrared exponents are independent of the gauge group sun
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710.0345
Polar kicks and the spin period - eccentricity relation in double neutron stars
We present results of a population synthesis study aimed at examining the role of spin-kick alignment in producing a correlation between the spin period of the first-born neutron star and the orbital eccentricity of observed double neutron star binaries in the Galactic disk. We find spin-kick alignment to be compatible with the observed correlation, but not to alleviate the requirements for low kick velocities suggested in previous population synthesis studies. Our results furthermore suggest low- and high-eccentricity systems may form through two distinct formation channels distinguished by the presence or absence of a stable mass transfer phase before the formation of the second neutron star. The presence of highly eccentric systems in the observed sample of double neutron stars may furthermore support the notion that neutron stars accrete matter when moving through the envelope of a giant companion.
astro-ph
we present results of a population synthesis study aimed at examining the role of spinkick alignment in producing a correlation between the spin period of the firstborn neutron star and the orbital eccentricity of observed double neutron star binaries in the galactic disk we find spinkick alignment to be compatible with the observed correlation but not to alleviate the requirements for low kick velocities suggested in previous population synthesis studies our results furthermore suggest low and higheccentricity systems may form through two distinct formation channels distinguished by the presence or absence of a stable mass transfer phase before the formation of the second neutron star the presence of highly eccentric systems in the observed sample of double neutron stars may furthermore support the notion that neutron stars accrete matter when moving through the envelope of a giant companion
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710.0346
Infrared structure of e+e- --> 3 jets at NNLO
We describe the calculation of the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD corrections to three-jet production and related event shape observables in electron-positron annihilation. Infrared singularities due to double real radiation at tree level and single real radiation at one loop are subtracted from the full QCD matrix elements using antenna functions, which are then integrated analytically and added to the two loop contribution. Using this antenna subtraction method, we obtain numerically finite contributions from five-parton and four-parton processes, and observe an explicit analytic cancellation of infrared poles in the four-parton and three-parton contributions. All contributions are implemented in a flexible parton-level event generator programme, allowing the numerical computation of any infrared-safe observable related to three-jet final states to NNLO accuracy.
hep-ph
we describe the calculation of the nexttonexttoleading order nnlo qcd corrections to threejet production and related event shape observables in electronpositron annihilation infrared singularities due to double real radiation at tree level and single real radiation at one loop are subtracted from the full qcd matrix elements using antenna functions which are then integrated analytically and added to the two loop contribution using this antenna subtraction method we obtain numerically finite contributions from fiveparton and fourparton processes and observe an explicit analytic cancellation of infrared poles in the fourparton and threeparton contributions all contributions are implemented in a flexible partonlevel event generator programme allowing the numerical computation of any infraredsafe observable related to threejet final states to nnlo accuracy
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710.0347
Staggered Diquarks for the Singly Heavy Baryons
In the staggered fermion formulation of lattice QCD, we construct diquark operators to be embedded in singly heavy baryons. The group theoretical connections between the continuum and lattice staggered diquark representations are established.
hep-lat
in the staggered fermion formulation of lattice qcd we construct diquark operators to be embedded in singly heavy baryons the group theoretical connections between the continuum and lattice staggered diquark representations are established
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710.0348
Finite-temperature Bell test for quasiparticle entanglement in the Fermi sea
We demonstrate that the Bell test cannot be realized at finite temperatures in the vast majority of electronic setups proposed previously for quantum entanglement generation. This fundamental difficulty is shown to originate in a finite probability of quasiparticle emission from Fermi-sea detectors. In order to overcome the feedback problem, we suggest a detection strategy, which takes advantage of a resonant coupling to the quasiparticle drains. Unlike other proposals, the designed Bell test provides a possibility to determine the critical temperature for entanglement production in the solid state.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we demonstrate that the bell test cannot be realized at finite temperatures in the vast majority of electronic setups proposed previously for quantum entanglement generation this fundamental difficulty is shown to originate in a finite probability of quasiparticle emission from fermisea detectors in order to overcome the feedback problem we suggest a detection strategy which takes advantage of a resonant coupling to the quasiparticle drains unlike other proposals the designed bell test provides a possibility to determine the critical temperature for entanglement production in the solid state
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710.0349
An operational calculus for the Mould operad
The operad of moulds is realized in terms of an operational calculus of formal integrals (continuous formal power series). This leads to many simplifications and to the discovery of various suboperads. In particular, we prove a conjecture of the first author about the inverse image of non-crossing trees in the dendriform operad. Finally, we explain a connection with the formalism of noncommutative symmetric functions.
math.QA math.CO
the operad of moulds is realized in terms of an operational calculus of formal integrals continuous formal power series this leads to many simplifications and to the discovery of various suboperads in particular we prove a conjecture of the first author about the inverse image of noncrossing trees in the dendriform operad finally we explain a connection with the formalism of noncommutative symmetric functions
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710.035
Berry Phases, Quantum Phase Transitions and Chern Numbers
We study the relation between Chern numbers and Quantum Phase Transitions (QPT) in the XY spin-chain model. By coupling the spin chain to a single spin, it is possible to study topological invariants associated to the coupling Hamiltonian. These invariants contain global information, in addition to the usual one (obtained by integrating the Berry connection around a closed loop). We compute these invariants (Chern numbers) and discuss their relation to QPT. In particular we show that Chern numbers can be used to label regions corresponding to different phases.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.stat-mech
we study the relation between chern numbers and quantum phase transitions qpt in the xy spinchain model by coupling the spin chain to a single spin it is possible to study topological invariants associated to the coupling hamiltonian these invariants contain global information in addition to the usual one obtained by integrating the berry connection around a closed loop we compute these invariants chern numbers and discuss their relation to qpt in particular we show that chern numbers can be used to label regions corresponding to different phases
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710.0351
Transition radiation in turbulent astrophysical medium. Application to solar radio bursts
Modern observations and models of various astrophysical objects suggest that many of their physical parameters fluctuate substantially at different spatial scales. The rich variety of the emission processes, including Transition Radiation but not limited to it, arising in such turbulent media constitutes the scope of Stochastic Theory of Radiation. We review general approaches applied in the stochastic theory of radiation and specific methods used to calculate the transition radiation produced by fast particles in the magnetized randomly inhomogeneous plasma. The importance of the theory of transition radiation for astrophysics is illustrated by one example of its detailed application to a solar radio burst, including specially designed algorithms of the spectral forward fitting.
astro-ph
modern observations and models of various astrophysical objects suggest that many of their physical parameters fluctuate substantially at different spatial scales the rich variety of the emission processes including transition radiation but not limited to it arising in such turbulent media constitutes the scope of stochastic theory of radiation we review general approaches applied in the stochastic theory of radiation and specific methods used to calculate the transition radiation produced by fast particles in the magnetized randomly inhomogeneous plasma the importance of the theory of transition radiation for astrophysics is illustrated by one example of its detailed application to a solar radio burst including specially designed algorithms of the spectral forward fitting
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710.0352
Small x QCD and Multigluon States: a Color Toy Model
We introduce and study a toy model with a finite number of degrees of freedom whose Hamiltonian presents the same color structure of the BKP system appearing in the studies of QCD in the Regge limit. We address within this toy model the question of the importance of finite number of color corrections with respect to the planar limit case.
hep-th
we introduce and study a toy model with a finite number of degrees of freedom whose hamiltonian presents the same color structure of the bkp system appearing in the studies of qcd in the regge limit we address within this toy model the question of the importance of finite number of color corrections with respect to the planar limit case
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